MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, YOUTH AND SPORTS OF

UKRAINE

LVIV POLYTECHNIC NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER SCIENCES AND INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGIES

Department

of Applied Linguistics

Course paper in Theory and Practice of Translation

Translation of the Banking Terms from English into

Ukrainian

Presented by:

the student of gr. AL-43

Bychyk K.I.

Supervised by:

Bordiuk L.V.

Lviv 2013

Table of contents

Introduction..............................................

..........................................................

..............2

1. Theoretical

part......................................................

..................................................4

1.1 Specialization in

translation...............................................

................41.2 Types of

translation...............................................

.............................5

1

1.3 Ways of

translation...............................................

.............................7

1.4 Banking terms

Translating...............................................

..................8

2. Practical part…...…………………………………………………………….........9

2.1 Bank staff...…..………………………………………….......

……...9

2.2 Bank services…...…………………..………...

……………….......10

2.3 Bank

accounts..................................................

................................12

2.4 Other banking terms…………...

……………………………….....13

2.5 Banking collocations….

………………………………………......20

Conclusions………...

……………………………………............................................

.21

References………...……………………………...…………………………................22

2

Introduction

The theme of course paper is ‘‘Translation of the

Banking Terms from English into Ukrainian ’’. It is

devoted to a complex comparison of translation various

types of banking terms and different ways of their

translation. It considers the functions of banking terms

in both languages as well.

The aim of the present research is to use different

types and ways of translation, find similarities and

differences translation, analyze difficulties in

translation in English and Ukrainian languages. In other

words, to discover some common and different features in

3

translation of English and Ukrainian banking terms,

activities and bank service. As well differentiate the

grammatical aspects of those terms.

The object of the research is variety of banking

terms, that are translated from English into Ukrainian. It

will help to clearly understand banking terms translation

which plays leading role while processing translation.

The subject of research is a the contrastive

description banking terms in English and Ukrainian.

The theoretical basis for the paper is the works by

Bhatia, N., Cohen, J.M., Kasparek, C., Wilson, A.,

Hutchins, W., Benjamins, J., Snell-Hornby, M., Bassnett,

S.

The theoretical value of the research is in the

elaboration of certain aspects of typology of the lexical

systems of the English and Ukrainian languages.

The practical value is in the possibility to apply

its results in special courses of Contrastive Lexicology

and Typology of the English and Ukrainian languages and in

Theory and Practice of Translation from English to

Ukrainian.

Banking terms play an important role in life of any

human from any country of the world. It is a very

important thing for all of us. We can use them almost

4

everywhere, when making transactions, using a cash

machine, going to the bank, speaking with managers or

financial advisers.

The structure of this course paper is:

1. Introduction.

2. Theoretical part which includes the information

about the theory of translation itself, the information

about ways of translating and one of the subject area of

translation - banking;

3. Practical part which contains the examples of

translation of the variety of common banking terms in

accordance to its surrounding. This part in its turn is

subdivided in accordance with different subfields of the

subject area: bank staff, bank services, bank accounts,

another banking terms and banking collocations;

4. Conclusion;

5. References.

5

1. Theoretical part

1.1 Specialization in translation

Each industry utilizes specific terminology and

nomenclature critical to conducting its everyday

activities. Whether it is legal, financial or software-

related content, using the correct industry-specific

terminology is vital to conveying the correct meaning in

any translation.

Each of our professional translators specializes in a

chosen language translation services field [9].

6

Specialization has been a part of translation for a

long time, but in the 21st century it’s taking on new

importance. There are two key reasons for this. First,

there is simply more knowledge than ever before, and in

some cases this requires finer gradations of

specialization. Optics and dentistry might fall under the

broad umbrella of health sciences, but each has its own

specialized vocabulary that must be learned and understood

in order for proper translation to take place.

Second, competition is fiercer than ever before.

Especially for translators who are working in common

languages, it’s important for them to set themselves

apart, and specialization is one key way to do this. Being

specialized means more efficient translation, knowing

where to go to do the research when it is needed, and a

familiarity and comfort with the material that is being

translated. Specialization does not mean becoming

confined, however. It is possible to specialize in a

number of areas.

Specialization doesn’t just benefit translators. For

consumers of translation services, being aware of the

importance of specialization can help them to choose the

right translation service for their project [13].

7

1. 2 Types of translation

Computer Translation – refers to translations of

anything to do with computers such as software,

instructions and help files.

Financial Translation – for financial based

industries, financial translation is the translation of

text of a financial nature like banking, stocks,

commodities, and investment funds.

General Translation – general translations are less

complicated and the language used is not high level

(sometimes called layman’s terms). In general translation,

there is no specific or technical terminology used.

Although these are simpler, they typically are still not

suitable for using a free translation tool.

Legal Translation – legal translations require highly

trained translators as it involves the translation of

legal documents such as statutes, contracts and treaties.

Not only does the translator need expertise in the

translating language, but also they need a legal

understanding and an excellent understanding of both the

source and target cultures.

Literary Translation – a literary translation is the

translation of novels, poems, and plays. A literary

translator must be capable of also translating feelings,

8

cultural nuances, humor and other subtle elements of the

literary work.

Medical Translation – medical translations are also

highly complex and will involve translating medical

packaging, textbooks, medical equipment manuals and drug

labeling. Specialization is necessary [13; 15].

1.3 Ways of translation

Equivalence. Dynamic and formal equivalence

The question of fidelity vs. transparency has also

been formulated in terms of, respectively, "formal

equivalence" and "dynamic [or functional] equivalence".

The latter expressions are associated with the translator

Eugene Nida [10] and were originally coined to describe

ways of translating the Bible, but the two approaches are

applicable to any translation.

"Formal equivalence" corresponds to "metaphrase", and

"dynamic equivalence" to "paraphrase". [9; 16]

"Dynamic equivalence" (or "functional equivalence")

conveys the essential thought expressed in a source text —

if necessary, at the expense of literality, original

sememe and word order, the source text's active vs.

passive voice, etc.

9

By contrast, "formal equivalence" (sought via

"literal" translation) attempts to render the text

literally, or "word for word" (the latter expression being

itself a word-for-word rendering of the classical Latin

verbum pro verbo) — if necessary, at the expense of

features natural to the target language. [9; 17 – 18]

There is, however, no sharp boundary between

functional and formal equivalence. On the contrary, they

represent a spectrum of translation approaches. Each is

used at various times and in various contexts by the same

translator, and at various points within the same text —

sometimes simultaneously. Competent translation entails

the judicious blending of functional and formal

equivalents.

Common pitfalls in translation, especially when

practiced by inexperienced translators, involve false

equivalents such as "false friends" and false cognates.

[3; 84]

Back-translation.A "back-translation" is a

translation of a translated text back into the language of

the original text, made without reference to the original

text.

Comparison of a back-translation with the original

text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the

10

original translation, much as the accuracy of a

mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing

the operation. But while useful as approximate checks, the

results of such reverse operations are not always

precisely reliable. Back-translation must in general be

less accurate than back-calculation because linguistic

symbols (words) are often ambiguous, whereas mathematical

symbols are intentionally unequivocal.

In the context of machine translation, a back-

translation is also called a "round-trip translation."

When translations are produced of material used in

medical clinical trials, such as informed-consent forms, a

back-translation is often required by the ethics committee

or institutional review board.[3; 85]

Partial equivalence. When the parameters for all items

in the measurement model are equal across groups, we speak

of full measurement equivalence. However, Byrne et al.

(1989) have argued that full equivalence is not a

necessary condition for comparisons to be valid. If at

least two items per latent variable (namely, the item that

is fixed at unity to identify the model and one other

item) are equivalent, comparisons can be validly made

across countries and time points. Thus, partial

equivalence does not necessarily require the invariance of

11

all loadings and intercepts. This idea is also supported

by Steenkamp and Baumgartner (1998).

In this study, we want to study the evolution of anti-

immigration attitudes in 17 different European countries.

This boils down to comparing the means of the latent

variable over the 51 groups. Before such comparisons can

be made in a valid way, we need to test whether the scale

possesses the characteristic of partial scalar

equivalence. In other words, we need to assess whether,

for at least two out of three items, factor loadings and

indicator intercepts are equal across groups.

In practice, the different levels of measurement

equivalence can be tested by fitting various, increasingly

restrictive multi-group models. The first model will have

the same factor structure across groups, but with no

constraints on the parameters. In other words, factor

loadings and intercepts can vary across countries (=

configural equivalence). In a second model, we will

constrain the factor loadings to be equal across groups (=

metric equivalence). The third model will, besides

loadings, also have equal intercepts across groups (=

scalar equivalence). The level of measurement equivalence

can then be determined by judging the fit of these various

models. In addition, we will look at modification indices

12

(cf. infra) to determine the sources of possible misfit.

[3; 86 – 87]

Explanation. This article includes a list of

references, related reading or external links, but its

sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations.

Please improve this article by introducing more precise

citations.

An explanation is a set of statements constructed to

describe a set of facts which clarifies the causes,

context, and consequences of those facts.

This description may establish rules or laws, and may

clarify the existing ones in relation to any objects, or

phenomena examined. The components of an explanation can

be implicit, and be interwoven with one another. An

explanation is often underpinned by an understanding that

is represented by different media such as music, text, and

graphics. Thus, an explanation is subjected to

interpretation, and discussion.

In scientific research, explanation is one of the

purposes of research, e.g., exploration and description.

Explanation is a way to uncover new knowledge, and to

report relationships among different aspects of studied

phenomena. Explanations have varied explanatory power.

[5;23]

13

1.4 Banking terms Translating

The banking translation may include translation of

various strategy documents required to be followed by the

employees of banks with global presence. The translation

of documents like acquisitions, mergers and mortgage loans

require that the translation process take several legal

aspects in mind. The translator working in such a special

case needs to know the legal practices in the respective

target locations as every country has its own banking laws

and it could be lead to severe ambiguity if the translator

doesn’t have proper knowledge of the laws.

Information such as foreign exchange or securities

have to be provided to the head offices of the banks on

daily basis. This makes its necessary that this

information gets translated to target language with in

short period as the turn around time is few hours. Also

this type of banking translation is a routine work so the

translator has to maintain the routine. Though the

advantage of such translation work is that the translator

gets regular steady source of income. The other banking

translations include the localization of the information

for ATM’s and information kiosk.

14

The translation of monthly reports of the management

information system is the other main responsibility of a

translator providing banking translation. The monthly

reports of the banks needs to be send to the principle

offices that makes it necessary for the translator to

render it to a language that is acceptable by the

principle office location. Generally in such type of

translation work the translator has to take care of the

spaces and notations of the languages involved. For e.g.

the spaces and notations in the Chinese language or

Japanese language is very different and the conversion of

documents to or from this languages to say English has to

be done with great care to avoid any type of irrelevant

output.

But all said and done the banking translation is a

promising field for professionals with banking knowledge

who also posses good multilingual skills.[10;12]

2. Practical part

In practical part is used a lot of specialized

dictionaries as The Free Dictionary by Farlex, Longman

dictionary of Contemporary English, Загородній А.Г.

Банківська справа: термінологічний словник, Загородній15

А.Г., Сліпушко О.М., Вознюк Г.Л., Смовженко Т.С. Словник

банківських термінів. Банківська справа: Термінологічний

словник, Стельмах В.С. Енциклопедія Банківської справи

України.

2.1 Bank staff

Working with banking terms translation, I found some

names of professional jobs and defined their types of

translation.

Term Translation Types of

translationbank cashier

(teller US)

касир Word omission

branch manager начальник

відділення

Word – for - word

district manager регіональний

менеджер банку

Word adding

financial adviser фінансовий

консультант

Word – for - word

loan adviser кредитний

консультант

Word – for - word

personal banker менеджер з

обслуговування

Word adding

16

фізичних осібbank clerk службовець банку Word – for - wordbank officer [11;

63]

працівник банку Word – for - word

Table 1. Bank staff

2.2 Bank services

In part 2.2 I translated bank services from English

into Ukraine and defined their types of translation.

Term Translation Types of

translationАccount Кредитна лінія Word addingBank card Банківська карта Changing the word

from one part of a

language into

anotherBank loan Банківський кредит Changing the word

from one part of a

language into

anotherCredit line Кредитна лінія Word – for - word

17

Car loan Автомобіль в

кредит

Paraphrasing

Debt Заборгованість Word – for - wordDirect debit Прямий дебет Word – for - wordDirect deposit Прямий депозит Word – for - wordForeign currency Іноземна валюта Word – for - wordInternet/online

banking

Он-лайн банкінг Word – for - word

Investment advice Інвестуючий

консалтинг

Changing the word

from one part of a

language into

anotherLoan Позика Word – for - wordMortgage Іпотека Word – for - wordPrepaid credit

card

Передоплата

кредитною карткою

Word – for - word

Payment services Оплата послуг Changing the word

from one part of a

language into

anotherRetail card Банківська картка Changing the word

from one part of a

language into

anotherRetail banking Банківські послуги Word adding

18

для фізичних осібSafe – deposit box Банківська ячейка Word omissionStanding order (

recurring – bill

payment US )

Довготривале

платіжне доручення

Word omission

( Tele )phone

banking

Телефонний банкінг Word – for - word

Traveller`s cheque

( traveller`s

check US)

Дорожній чек Word – for - word

Transferring money Переказ коштів Word – for - worddead-cat bounce оманлива тимчасова

стабілізація цін

на акції на

біржовому ринку,

де зазвичай рівень

цін досить низький

Word adding

Dutch bargain угода, в

результаті якої

усі привілеї

отримує лише одна

сторона

Word adding

silver wheelchair велика сума Word adding

19

грошей, яку

виділяють члену

вищого

керівництва

компанії як

компенсацію за

втрату посади (в

результаті

поглинання її

більшою компанією)

Windfall Випадковий

прибуток

Changing the word

from one part of a

language into

anotherGo a bear Грати на зниження Changing the word

from one part of a

language into

anotherGo a bull Грати на

підвищення

Changing the word

from one part of a

language into

anotherGreenmail Викуп акцій у

загарбника

Word adding

20

компаніїunderlying

accounting data

[12]

Дані, що лежать в

основі обліку

Word adding

Table 2. Bank services

2.3 Bank accounts

This part includes suitable accounts in both languages

and defined their types of translation.

Term Translation Types of

translationTransactional

account

трансакційний

рахунок

Word – for - word

Deposit account депозитний

рахунок

Word – for - word

Current account поточний рахунок Word – for - wordPersonal account особистий рахунок Word – for - wordTransaction

deposit

трансакційний

депозит

Word – for - word

21

Savings Account ощадний рахунок Word – for - wordIndividual

Savings Account

Індивідуальний

ощадний рахунок

Word – for - word

Time deposit /

certificate of

deposit

тимчасовий

депозит /

депозитний

сертифікат

Changing the word

from one part of

a language into

another

Tax-Exempt

Special Savings

Account

податок на

спеціальний

накопичувальний

рахунок

Word – for - word

Tax-Free Savings

Account

плата за ощадний

рахунок

Word – for - word

Money market

account

[9; 19 - 20]

грошовий ринок

рахунку

Word – for - word

Table 3 Bank accounts

2.4 Other banking terms

22

This part is dedicated to UK and US terms. Here are

some common terms, meanings, their translation and defined

their types of translation.

Term Meanings Translation Types of

translationadjusted

balance

Money deposited

with a financial

institution for

investment and/or

safekeeping

purposes.

скореговани

й баланс

Word – for -

word

annual

fee

A yearly fee

charged to a

customer to

participate in an

open-ended credit

program.

річний

внесок

Word – for -

word

annual

percenta

ge rate

(APR)

The cost of

credit expressed

as a yearly rate.

APR is a

percentage that

results from an

Річна

процентна

ставка

Word – for -

word

23

equation

considering the

amount financed,

the finance

charges, and the

term of the loan.assets Items of monetary

value (e.g.,

house, land,

car), owned by an

individual or a

company.

активи Word – for -

word

authoriz

ed user

A person who has

been given

permission to

make changes to a

credit account.

This status must

be given by the

primary account

user. An

authorized user

is not legally

responsible for

Зареєстрова

ний

користувач

Word – for -

word

24

repaying the

account.average

daily

balance

The balance that

results from

adding together

all the daily

balances of a

credit account in

the billing cycle

and dividing by

the number of

days in the

billing cycle.

This balance is

often used to

calculate finance

charges.

Середньоден

ний залишок

Word – for -

word

balance

transfer

Repayment of one

credit debt with

another credit

source.

Переказ

балансу

Word – for -

word

balance

transfer

fee

The fee charged

to transfer

balances between

Плата за

переказ

балансу

Word – for -

word

25

two credit

sources. This fee

is often a

percentage of the

amount

transferred.billing

cycle

The period of

time that a

credit statement

covers.

платіжний

цикл

Word – for -

word

canceled

check

A "used" check

that has been

paid and

subtracted from

the check-

writer's account.

Canceled checks

have extra data

on them from the

bank. They are

анульований

чек

Word – for -

word

usually mailed

to the writer

each month with

the statement,

26

although many

banks keep

records that are

available upon

request. Canceled

checks are

excellent

receipts that

should be kept

for reference and

tax purposes.cardhold

er

agreemen

t

The written

statement that

defines and

explains all

legal terms for a

credit card

agreement. It

includes payment

terms, billing

dispute

procedures and

communications

guidelines, among

Угода

власника

картки

27

other items.cash

advance

fee

A fee assessed

when a card

holder uses a

credit card to

obtain cash.

These fees are

often charged as

a percentage of

the cash

obtained.

Плата

готівкою

word omission

cashier'

s check

A check issued by

a bank, drawn on

its own funds

rather than on

one of its

depositor's

funds.

банківський

чек

Word – for -

word

compound

interest

Interest

calculated not

only on the

original

principal, but

also on the

Високі

відсотки

Word – for -

word

28

interest already

accrued.co-

signer

he person who

signs on a credit

agreement in

addition to the

primary

applicant. This

person is legally

responsible for

repayment of the

debt.

поручитель Word – for -

word

credit

bureau

An agency that

checks credit

information and

keeps a complete

file on people

who apply for and

use credit.

Кредитне

бюро

Changing the

word from one

part of a

language into

another

credit

card

A plastic card

that gives access

to a line of

credit. Users are

Кредитна

картка

Word – for -

word

29

limited in how

much they can

charge, but they

are not required

to repay the full

amount each

month. Instead

the balance (or

"revolve")

accrues interest

with only a

minimum payment

due.credit

limit

The maximum

amount of money a

borrower can

access in a

credit account.

Кредитний

ліміт

Word – for -

word

credit

rating

A financial

institution's

evaluation of

whether a person

is suitable to

receive credit.

Кредитний

рейтинг

Word – for -

word

30

Credit ratings

are based on an

individual's

character,

capacity to

repay, and

capital.credit

insuranc

e

A coverage that

pays credit card

debt in the event

of death,

disability or

loss of

employment.

страхування

кредитів

Word – for -

word

federal

reserve

system

A governmental

agency

established by

Congress to

organize and

regulate banking

throughout the

United States.

The twelve

reserve banks

Федеральна

резервна

система

Word – for -

word

31

keep paper and

currency reserves

for affiliated

banks.fixed

rate

An interest rate

that does not

vary over time.

фіксована

ставка

Word – for -

word

grace

period

The length of

time between the

use of credit to

make a purchase

and the start of

interest on the

amount charged.

Пільговий

період

Word – for -

word

guaranto

r

A person who is

financially

responsible for

the repayment of

a credit account

but has no use

privileges.

гарант Word – for -

word

joint

account

A savings or

checking account

established in

the names of more

загальний

рахунок

Word – for -

word

32

than one person

(e.g.,

parent/child,

wife/husband).late

payment

fee

A fee charged to

a consumer if his

or her monthly

payment is made

after the due

date stated on

the billing

statement.

пеня за

простроченн

я платежу

Word – for -

word

personal

identifi

cation

number

A code that

provides security

for consumers at

an ATM.

персональни

й

ідентифікац

ійний номер

Word – for -

word

point of

sale

The store or

other location

where a

transaction takes

place.

точки

продажів

Word – for -

word

prime

rate

An index rate

that is used to

determine the APR

основна

ставка

Word – for -

word

33

in a variable

interest rate

account.propriet

ary

credit

card

A private labeled

credit card

typically issued

by a department

store or

petroleum company

that can only be

used at those

specific outlets.

власних

кредитних

карт

Word – for -

word

savings

account

A bank account

that accrues

interest in

exchange for use

of the money on

deposit.

Ощадний

рахунок

Word – for -

word

savings

and loan

associat

ion

State-chartered

or federally-

chartered

financial

intermediary that

accepts deposits

позиково-

ощадні

асоціації

Word omission

34

from the public

and invests those

funds primarily

in residential

mortgage loans.service

charge

A monthly fee a

bank charges for

handling a

checking account.

плата за

обслуговува

ння

Word adding

stop

payment

A request made to

a bank to not pay

a specific check.

If requested soon

enough, the check

will not be

debited from the

payer's account.

Normally there is

a charge for this

service.

зупинити

платіж

Word – for -

word

variable

rate

An interest rate

that changes and

is determined by

adding the index

Мінлива

ставка

Word – for -

word

35

rate to the

previously

disclosed margin.wire

transfer

[7; 23 –

26]

A transaction

that

electronically

transfers money

from one

financial

institution to

another.

банківський

переказ

Word – for -

word

Table 4. Another Banking terms

2.5 Banking collocations

This part includes English banking collocations, their

translation and I defined their types of translation.

Term Translation Types of

translationBank system Банківська

система

Word - for - word

International

banking

Міжнародний

банкінг

Word - for - word

Investment Інвестиційно – Word adding

36

banking банківські

послугиBank act Банківський акт Word - for - wordMerchant banking Прямі інвестиції Word - for - wordBank services Банківські

послуги

Word - for - word

Provide banking Забезпечувати

банківством

Word - for - word

Retail banking Роздрібні

банківські

послуги

Word adding

Bank sector Банківський

сектор

Word - for - word

Electronic

banking

Електронний

банкінг

Word - for - word

Branch banking Філія банку Word - for - wordBank and credit Банк та кредит Word - for - wordBank scandal Банківський

скандал

Word - for - word

Corporate banking Спільне

банківство

Word - for - word

Bank and finance Банк та фінанси Word - for - wordBank facilities банківські уміння Word - for - wordBank group Банківська група Word - for - wordBank business Банківський Word - for - word

37

бізнесBank division Відділення банку Word - for - wordBank and

securities

Банк і цінні

папери

Word - for - word

Free banking Безкоштовний

банкінг

Word - for - word

Bank and

financial [7;27]

Банк та фінанси Word - for - word

Table 5. Banking collocations

Conclusion

Banking terms play an important role in life of any

human from any country of the world. We use them almost

everywhere, when making transactions, using a cash

38

machine, going to the bank, speaking with managers or

financial advisers.

In this Course Paper it was investigated different

translation methods of banking terms from English into

Ukrainian, studied the translation methods of business

terms, their types and ways of translation.

In the course paper was used different types and ways

of translation such as word–for–word translation, changing

the word from one part of a language into another, word

adding, word omission. Was found similarities and

differences translation, analyze difficulties in

translation in English and Ukrainian languages and

differentiated their grammatical aspects.

I studied how banking terms are translated from

English into Ukrainian. It helped me clearly understand

banking terms translation which plays leading role while

processing translation.

During our research I have found common and different

patterns of translation for English and Ukrainian banking

terms, activities and services.

During my investigation I showed how to translate

different types of banking terms and how they could be

translated by different ways. I considered functions of

banking terms in both languages.

39

In this course paper was used different types of

translation: commercial translation or business

translation, computer translation to translate different

business terms. After this defining was revealed the

following peculiarities: word – for word translation

concluder 33%; word adding – 25%; word omission – 22%;

changing the word from one part of a language – 15% and

paraphrasing – 5%.

Not always it was possible to find logical connection

between banking terms in English and Ukrainian languages,

especially in banking acronyms and abbreviations.

References

1.Acronims and abbreviations of banking terms – 1 –

12pp. [Електронний ресурс] – Режим доступу:http://www.all-acronyms.com/tag/banking

2.Back Translation for Quality Control of Informed

Consent Forms (PDF). Journal of Clinical Research Best

Practices. Retrieved February. 2006. – 12 -14pp.

3.Bassnett, S. - Translation studies, 1999. - 13-37p.

4.Bhatia, N. - The Oxford Companion to the English

Language, 1992. - 51–54p.

40

5.Cohen, J.M. - "Translation", Encyclopedia Americana,

1986. - 27 p.

6.Hutchins, W.J. / Benjamins, J. - Early Years in

Machine Translation: Memoirs and Biographies of

Pioneers, Amsterdam, , 2000. - 23p.

7.Kasparek, C. - "The Translator's Endless Toil", The

Polish Review, vol. XXVIII, no. 2, 1983. - 84-87p.

8.NEW IN NORWAY/ Practical information from public

officers. “Bank services”[Електронний ресурс] - Режим

доступу:http://www.nyinorge.no/en/New-in-Norway/Public-agencies/Bank-

services/

9.Newmark, P. - About Translation: Multilingual Matters.

Clevedon, Philadelphia, Adelaide: Multilingual Matters

Ltd., 1991

10. Nida E. A./ Taber C. R. - The theory and

practice of [Biblical] translation Leiden: Brill,

1964. - 33p.

11. Scott, C. - "Back Translation: Same questions –

different continent" (PDF). Communicate (London:

Association of Translation Companies) (Winter 2004)

Retrieved, 2007.-16-20pp.

12. Snell-Hornby, M. / Benjamins, J. - The Turns of

Translation Studies: New Paradigms or Shifting

Viewpoints, Philadelphia, 2006. - 133p.41

13. Wilson, A. - Translators on Translating: Inside

the Invisible Art, Vancouver, CCSP Press, 2009. – 48p.

14. Комиссаров В.Н. - Теория перевода

(лингвистические аспекты).. Учеб.для ин-тов и фак.

иностр. яз. - М.: Высш. шк., 1990. - 253 с.

15. Печерна, А. – «BusinessSpotlight 3/2011», Києві,

видавництвоOOO “Триада-Принт”, 2011. – 63p.

Dictionaries

16. Farlex - The Free Dictionary. [Електронний

варіант] – Режим доступу :http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/banking

17. Longman dictionary of Contemporary English. –

England: Pearson Education Limited. – 2005.

18. Longman pocket idioms dictionary. - England:

Pearson Education Limited. – 2001.

19. Загородній А.Г. Банківська справа:

термінологічний словник/А.Г. Загородній, Г.Л. Вознюк.

- Львів: Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2010. -

508 с.

20. Загородній А.Г., Вознюк Г.Л. Гроші. Валюта.

Валютні цінності: Термінологічний словник. – Львів:

БаК, 2000. - 184 с42

21. Загородній А.Г., Сліпушко О.М., Вознюк Г.Л.,

Смовженко Т.С. Словник банківських термінів.

Банківська справа: Термінологічний словник.– К.:

Видавництво „Аконіт”,2000. – 608 с.

22. Енциклопедія Банківської справи України/ Редкол.:

В.С. Стельмах (голова) та ін. – К.: Молодь, Ін

Юре,2001. – 680 с.

43