SCOTT GRIFFITHSPROF STEPHEN TOUYZ

DR STUART MURRAYPROF JONATHAN MOND

DOUGLAS ANGUS

MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED DISORDERED EATING

“Do you know anyone who has had a problem like Michael’s/Kelly’s?” N = 343

Error bars = 95% CIs

n.s. p >.05

PREVALENCE OF MUSCLE DYSMORPHIA

3

Never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Usually

Always

Muscle dissatisfaction (mean scores)

N = 286Mean = 3.14

Often to Always = 20%

Never

Rarely

Sometimes

Often

Usually

Always

Body fat dissatisfaction (mean scores)

N = 286Mean = 2.87

Often to Always = 18%

MALE BODY DISSATISFACTION

MEASURING MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED EATING PATHOLOGY

Muscularity-oriented disordered eating = 6 + 6 + 0 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 5 + 0 + 3 + 1 + 6

= 42

4

6

6

6

4

5

3

6

1

6

0

0

Thinness-oriented disordered eating = 0 + 0 + 0 + 6 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ? + 2 + 1

= 9 (15 if I gift him a 6)

0

0

0

0

0

?2

1

5

ASSOCIATIONS WITH MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED DISORDERED EATING

MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED

DISORDERED EATING

MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED DISORDERED EATING

Emotion regulation difficulties (Griffiths, Angus, Murray, & Touyz, under review in Body Image)

Attentional biases toward rejecting faces(Griffiths, Angus, Murray, & Touyz, under review in Body Image)

Cognitive set shifting difficulties(Griffiths, Murray, & Touyz, in press in Body Image)

Body image pathology – muscle dissatisfaction AND body fat dissatisfaction

Admiration of people with muscle dysmorphia (Griffiths, Mond, Murray & Touyz, under review in International Journal of Eating Disorders)

Conformity to masculine norms(Griffiths, Murray, & Touyz, under review in Psychology of Men & Masculinity)

6

DEFINITIONS, AND A NEW MEASURE OF MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED DISORDERED

EATING

A definition of muscularity-oriented disordered eating

(Griffiths, Murray, & Touyz, 2013, published in Journal of Eating Disoders)

“Problematic eating attitudes and behaviours motivated by the desire to become more muscular”

What makes an eating attitude or behaviour disordered/problematic?The attitude or behaviour must be1. Rule-driven, or2. Compensatory

7

A FRAMEWORK OF MUSCULARITY-ORIENTED DISORDERED EATING

›A framework of muscularity-oriented disordered eating is not just about eating and body image. 1. Body image2. Eating

3. Appearance and performance enhancing drugs (APEDs)-Polypharmacy (Kanayama et al. 2009)

4. Nutritional supplements-Supplement use predicts positive beliefs about APED safety and efficacy (Hildebrandt, Harty & Langenbucher, 2012)

5. Compulsive muscle-building exercise (predominantly weightlifting)