LAGOSJOUIlMAlOf llBIlAIlY &InfOIlMATlonSCIEnCE

E S· T.,20 ".

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6 Computerization of 'Academics Libraries: A Case Study of Hezekiah Oluwasanmi Library,Obafemi Awolowo University, lIe-lfe Jagboro, K.O. (Mrs.)

CONTENTSEditorial

Ii Abstracts & keywords

Cataloguer's Workstation: Implications For Cataloguing Theory and Practice in AcademicLibraries in Developing Countries. Egberongbe,H.S.(Mrs.)

7 The Value of Exhibition in University Libraries: A Case Study of tile University of LagosAdenuga, Adebisi F. (Mrs.)

12 Shelving: Shelf Reading and Upkeep of Library Stock in High School Library in Lagos State,Nigeria. Sokoya, A. A. (Mrs.)

16 Compliance with Library Rules and Regulation: A Review Alokun, N. A. T. & Fijabi, F. A.

24 Accreditation of Academic Programmes in Nigeria Universities: The Role of the LibraryAkinfolarin, W. A.

28 Training of School Librarians for the New Millenium in Nigeria: A Review of the past.Egunjobi, Rotimi Adesina

32 User Education in Tertiary Institution in Nigeria Osagie, J.N.

37 Conversion of Serial Holdings Into Automated Library System in Nigeria: The HurdlesAhead Adio, W. Fola

42 Assessing the Catalogue Module of Alice for Window SoftwareAnyaogu, Uluocha (Mrs.)

53 The Utilization of Audiovisual, Materials by Community Health Workers in Lagos, Nigeria.Anasi, Stella N. I. (Mrs.)

59 Legal Deposit Provision of the National Library Act: Implementation, Preservation and BenefitsSonaike, S.E.A.

85 Practice Reference Services in Libraries: The Nigerian Perspectives Olanlokun. S.O.

67 New and Emerging Tools For Library Practice In The New Millennium A kin tun de, Stephen A.

73 The Bibliometric Analysis of the Articles of Librarians in Ondo and Kwara States, NigeriaOlofinsawe, Akin A.

77 Librarians as Human Resource Managers: The challenges Okafor, C. E. (Mrs.)

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91 Collection Development and Outsourcing in Selected Health Sciences Libraries in Lagos,Nigeria Ibegwam, A .

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Lagos Journal of Library andInformation ScienceISSN 1596-9487 e2003 NLA, Lagos 'Chapter

Editor-In-Chicf

Charles O. Omekwu (ph.D)Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal StudiesUniversity of Lagos Campus, Akoka, Lagos.e-mail: omekwucharleS@email.com

Editorial Board

Dr. Ibidapo Okctunji - MemberNational Library of Nigeria, Ijora.

Mrs. H. S. Egbcrongbe - Member

University of Lagos Library,University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos

Mr. L O.Ajibola - Member

National Library of NigeriaSabo, Lagos.

Mrs. H.O.J. Akinade - Member

College of Medicine LibraryIdi-Araba, Lagos.

Mr. Toyin Dina - Member

Centre for Management Development,Lagos

Mrs. N.B. Yusuf - Business Manager

National Library of Nigeria

Editorial Assistants

Y. Zaid (Mrs.)University of Lagos Library,Akoka, Yaba, Lagos.

EA.FijabiUniversity of Lagos Library,Akoka, Yaba, Lagos.

U. Anyaogu (Mrs.)Nig. Inst. of Advanced Legal Studies Library.

Editodal Advisers

• Prof. A. 9. AinaDept. of Lib, & Information StudiesUniversity of Botswana,Private Bag 0022Gaborore, Botswana.

• Prof. A. A. AlcmnaBalm LibraryUniversity of GhanaP. O. Box 2~, Lagos, Ghana.

IIDr.S. Olajirc OlanlokunUniversity of Lagos Library.Akoka, Yaba, Lagos.

Gboycga BanjoMuson Centre, Lagos.

Mrs. Olurcmi JcgcdeLagos.

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The Utilization of AudiovisualMaterials by Community HealthWorkers in Lagos, Nigeria.Anasi, Stella N I. (Mrs.)

Anasi, Stella N. I. (M rs.) Main Library, University of Lagos,Akoka.

Audiovisual; Community Health, Lagos, Nigeria.

This paper examined the utilization of audiovisualresources by Community Health Workers in Lagos,Nigeria. Data generated and analyzed indicatedthat audiovisual resources available to theCommunity Health Workers in different centers arelimited in number and that the available ones areutilized in all health programmes. 'Also, the mostused media were songs, lectures, pictures andposters which were considered to be very effective.The Community Health Workers identified cost ofaudiovisual materials and constant power failure asmajor deterrent to media use. The paperrecommends adequate provision of audiovisualmaterials through an increase in budget allocation,removal of import duties on audiovisual hardwaresand softwares and donations from philanthropic andnon-governmental organizations. Also, regularworkshops and conferences forthe development andretraining of Community Health Workers on the useof audiovisual media as well as evaluation of usedmedia should be organized by government healthagencies.

!TRODUCTION

Health is of strategic importance to a nation and itsople because a healthy nation is a wealthy nation.

Taking cognizance of this fact, the joint conferencerganized by WHOIUNICEF at Alma-Am in Russia, in

1978 defined new ideas and approaches towards raisingworld's health status. The new philosophy adopted

Primary Health Care (pH C) geared towards "Healthr all by the year 2000".

Following the International Standard, the FederalMinistry of Health, Nigeria (1988) formulated theNational Health Policy and Strategy which can enableNigerians to achieve "a level of health that will permitthem to lead socially and economically productive livesat the highest possible level". Thus both the Federal,State and Local government of Nigeria as well as allNigerians commit themselves towards the achievementof the goal of health for all citizens by the year 2000 andbeyond.

Consequently, concerted efforts were made by thegovernment towards the recruiting and training ofhcalthworkers needed for the implementation of primary healthcare at local government level. These were the communityhealth officers, community health supervisors,community health extension workers.. They areresponsible for providi ng health services, healtheducation and information necessary for the eliminationof ignorance, superstition and fear which consequentlylead to the improvement of the health status of thecommunity.

Inspite of 1 i.e. efforts made by both the Federal, State,Local government and other health agencies to ensurethat people imbibe good health habits, majority of thepeople are still wallowing in ignorance, superstition, Fearand diseases. Not only that the mortality and morbidityrate is still very high in many parts of the country. Thispaper therefore examines the utilization of audiovisualmaterials by Community Health Workers in thedisseminat'l9J1 cf health information in Lagos State.

OBJECfNE OF THE STUDY

1. Ascertain the types of audiovisual aids availableto community health workers.

p~~ ..•~2. Identity health problems which community health

workers use audiovisual aids to disseminate.

3. As certai n the relevance of the content ofaudiovisual materials especially those imported orcommercially produced to local healthprogra mmcs,

4. Determine the frequency of use of these audiovisualmaterials.

5. Determine the effectiveness of these audiovisualaids in dissemination of health programmes.

6. Ascertain socio-economic related factors thatmilitate against the use of audiovisual materials indissemination of health information.

RESULTS

Personal Data

Age distribution of the respondents indicates that20.8% were between U-ie ages of20 and 30, 56.7% werebetween the ages of3l and 40, 19.2%were between theages of 41 and 50, while 3.3% were above 50 years. This

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Compliance with Library Rules and RegulationAnasi, Stella N. 1. (Mrs.)

shows that a large number of the community healthworkers are between the ages of 31--l0 years of age. Itimplies that the role of discharging essential health careservices in Lagos state is committed into the hands ofactive adults who are capable of Iulfilling its objectives.

A large number (70%) of the respondents holdCommunity Health Extension Certificate. 5% of therespondents hold Community Health Officer Certificate.15% hold Community Health Supervisor Certificatewhile others with varied qualifications constitute 10%of the respondents. (See.Table 1.)

TABLE 1: DISTRIBUTION OF COMMUNITYHEALlH WORKERS ACCORDING TOEDUCATIONALQUALIFICATION

EDUCATIONAL No. ofQUALffiCATION Respondents 0/0

Community HealthOfficer Certificate 6 5

Community HealthSupervisor Certificate 18 15

Community HealthExtension Certificate 84 70Others 12 to

Total 120 100

A majority of the respondents (55.8%) have above 10years working experience. 9.2% ofthem have betweeno to 3 years working experience 14.2% have between 4to 6 years working experience, while 20.8% have between7 to 10 years working experience. Since most communityhealth workers in Lagos state have worked for a longperiod of time, they arc expected to perform their workvery well.

Audiovisual Resources Available to the Respondents

All the places visited have a large quantity ofposters and pamphlets which were given out freely tothe community health workers on request, Lagos IslandLocal Government seems to be the richest of all. It hasa museum where all their health education audiovisualmaterials are kept. The audiovisual collection in thismuseum is quite fascinating. None of the localgovernment has a video projector. (See Table 2).

Health Programmes for \\ hich Audiovisuals are UtilizedAll health programmes require the use of audiovisualaids so as to attract the attention of the recipients asshown in Table 3. Inununization progranune was rankedhighest by the respondents with 113 (94.2%) followedby nutrition education 106 (88.3%), growth monitoring102 (85%), family planning 101(84,2%), antenatal care96 (80%) and public health enlightenment 79 (65.8%).

Lagos Journal of Library & Information ScienceVol. 1, No.1, 2003

TABLES: HEALTH PROGRAMMES FOR WHICHAUDIOVlSUAtsARE UTILIZED

PROGRAMMES No. OF

RESI'Ol\1)ENTS0/0

Immunization 113 9-l.2

Nutrition Education 1<X5 88.3

Growth Monitoring 102 85

Family Planning 101 8.t.2

Antenatal Care % 80

Public Health Enlightenment 79 65.8

N=120

Relevance of the Content of Audiovisual Materials

The respondents indicated that the content ofaudiovisual materials commercially produced orimported are very relevant to focal health progranunes.This attracted 70 (58.3%) response. Only a negligencenumber of the respondents 2 (1.7%) indicated that theyare not relevant. Table (4).

TABLE .t: RELEVANCE OF THE CONTENT OFAUDIOVlSUALMATERlALS

CONTENT No. ofRELEVANCE Respondents %

Very Relevant 'iU 58.3

Relevant 4G 38.3

Not Relevant &.l l.7

Not sure 12 l.7

Total 120 100

Frequency cruse ofMedia

Most of the respondents 85 (70.8%) agreed that songsare used very frequently, Followed by pictures 72 (60%),lectures 59 (49.2%). Other media trailed behind aspresented in Table 5.

Effectiveness of Media Utilizcd

The findings revealed that audiovisual media such asPosters (83.3%), Songs (81.7%), Pictures (64.2%),Lectures (60.8%) are very effective in the disseminationof health information. Others followed as shown intable 6.

Constraints to Use of Audiovisual Resources

Eighty (66.7%) of the respondents ranked 'Veryexpensive' as the first major deterrent to the use ofaudiovisual resources. Constant power failure 79(65,8%) and inavailability of the materials 77 (64.2%)

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Compliance with library Rules and RegulationAnasi, Stella N. 1. (Mrs.)

were ranked by the respondents as second and thirdmajor inhibitors respectively. Other constraints trailedb ind these major factors as revealed in table 7.

'. ISCUSSIONA majority of the community health workers holdCommunity Health Extension Certificate. This agreedwith the assertions ofRansome-Kuti (1990), who statedthat the community health extension workers are themost important members ofthe primary health eare team.They are expected to spend 80% of their time in thecommunity in order to motivate the villagers/to imbibepreventive health measures. According to him, theextension workers are the architects of communityparticipation and a vital link between the communityand the clinic.

The media resources available to the community healthworkers include posters, charts, films, pamphlets, radio,public address system etc. Most of the places visiteddo not have the expensive media such as video projector,opaque projector, etc. This is as a result of high cost ofpurchase. A video projector in the market costs as muchas three hundred thousand naira (N300,000). As suchnone of them could alTord it. At Planned ParenthoodFederation of Nigerian (pPFN) Lagos, the programmeofficer did not indicate the number of audiovisualgadgets available for security reasons. In some of thelocal governments visited the media resources wereproperly organized though not classified while in othersthey were scattered. In such places the researcher spenta lot of time in order to collect data on the number ofitems available.Majority of the respondents agreed that audiovisualmaterials should be used in all health programmes. This

Lagos Journal of library & Information ScienceVol. 1, No.1, 2003

will uot only inform people about desirable healthpracuvcs but result in relatively permanent change intheir health habits. However, immunization programmewas ranked highest. This may be due to the fact thatExpanded Programme on Inununization (EPI) of childrenand women of childbearing age against the six deadlydiseases is presently receiving much attention both atthe Federal and local government levels, so the findingis not surprising. The community health workersopined that the content of commercially produced orimported audiovisual aids are very relevant to localhealth programmes. However, it is necessary to pointout that most foreign films do not portray local scenesand as such may not be very relevant to local healthexperiences. This study revealed that songs, picturesand lectures arc the most.

Frequently used media. In 1989, the Planned ParenthoodFederation of Nigeria embarked on national campaign.In the first two phases the talents of popular musician -King Sunny Ade and Onyeka Onwenu were combinedto produce two hit songs 'choices' and 'wait for me'.Both songs helped the association to promote familyplanning, abstinence and sexual responsibility. Thisconfirms the high frequency utilization of songs in healthcampaigns.

Also, the 1993 Annual Report of the PlannedParenthood Federation of Nigeria, Lagos StateAssociation (199-l) indicated that the association carriedout 192 market campaigns, 3 mass media activities, 108group motivation/lectures, 63 clinic based familyplanning lectures/talks in selected local governments.They equally delivered 17 lectures and 2 film shows inschools in Lagos State to promote family planning

TABLE 5: FREQUENCY OF USE OF AUDIOVISUAL MEDIAFREQUENCY USE

Very Frequently Frequently Occassionally Not Used at allMedia No.ofRespon- "lo No. of Respon- % No. of Rcspon- No. of Respon

dents dents dents % dents %~

Songs 85 70.8 26 21.6 4 3.3 5 4.2

Picture 72 60 23 19.2 18 15 7 5.8

Lectures 59 49.2 34 28.3 22 18.3 5 4.2

Stories 48 40 21 17.5 29 24.4 22 18.3

Charts 43 35.8 62 51.7 8 6.7 7 5.8

Models 17 14.2 28 23.3 59 49.2 16 13.3

Role Play 12 10 12 10 63 52.5 33 27.5

Drama 10 8.3 21 17.5 68 56.7 21 17.5

Television 8 6.7 7 5.8 31 25.8 74 61.7

Tapes 6 5 8 6.7 32 26.6 74 61.7

Films 4 3.3 7 5.8 63 52.5 46 38.3Slidcs 1 0.8 7 5.8 36 3.0 76 63.3

Filmstrips 1 0.8 66 5 33 27.5 80 63.3

N= 120

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Compliance with Library Rules and RegulationAnasi, Stella N. 1. (Mrs.)

Lagos Journal of Library & Information ScienceVol. 1, No.1, 2003

TABLE6: EFFECflVEl'II'ESSOFMEDIA UTiliZED

FREQUENCY USE

Very Effective Effective Not Effective Not Surre

Media No. of Respon % No. of Rcspon- % No. of Rcspon- No. of Rcspon-dents dents dents % dents %

Posters \00 83.3 20 16.7 - - - -Songs 98 81.7 19 15.8 I 0.8 2 1.7

Pictures 77 64.2 36 30 3 2.5 4 3.3

Lectures 73 60.8 38 31.7 4 3.3 5 4.2

Pamphlets 43 35.8 63 52.2 9 7.5 5 4.2

Stories 36 30 63 52.2 9 7.5 12 10

Drama 23 19.7 75 62.5 13 10.8 12 10

Television 16 13.3 33 27.5 8 6.7 63 52.2

Films 16 13.3 24 20 8 6.7 72 60-Tapes 4 3.3 34 28.3 15 12.5 67 55.8

Filmstrips 4 3.3 29 24.2 15 12.5 72 60

Slides 3 2.5 29 24.2 15 12.5 73 60.8

Realia I 0.8 14 11.7 5 4.2 100 83.3

Computer - - 8 6.7 12 10 100 83.3

behaviour among youths. The above findings confirmedthe high frequency use of lectures in health educationprogram mes.

In addition, Mabawonku and Atinmo (1980) affirmedthat the most used media in health education in Nigerianhospitals are stiIl songs and lectures. This may be as aresult of the inherent advantages of lecture methodsand songs, or due to inadequate supply of other media.

However, it is necessary to point out that theseaudiovisual media are not used in isolation. As aidsthey are incorporated into health education programmesto clarify or COIILI 'I /c some ideas or concepts relatedto some subject IlI:I! tcr or content. For example songs,lectures and film shows may be projector costs as muchas three hundred thousand naira (N300,000.00)demonstrates clearly that the cost of audiovisualsoftwares and hardwares in Nigerian markets is nowvery exorbitant. This accounts for the non-utilizationof expensive audiovisual media such as video projectors,computer, etc.

RECOMMENDATIONSBased on the findings, the following recommendationsare therefore made.1. Adequate Provision of Audiovisual Materials

N= 120

The community health workers can only utilizeaudiovisual materials that are available to them.Therefore, the Federal, State and Local governmentsshould demonstrate their commitment towards primaryhealth care deliver and the attainment of "Health forAll" by encouraging the utilization of all forms ofhcalthcommunication. This should be achieved through:

TABLE 7: CONSTRAINTS TO THE USE OFAUDIO-VISUAL

CONSTRAINTS NO. OFRESPON- 0/0

DENTS

very expensive 80 66.7

Constant power failure 79 65.8

Not always available 77 64.2

Difficult to obtain 44 36.7

Difficult to produce 43 35.8

Difficult to interpretlanguage 20 16.7

Very time consuming 14 11.7

Not very useful 7 5.8

Hate using them 4 3.3

Cannot handle them 4 3.3

N= 12056

Compliance with- Library Rules and RegulationAnasi, Stella N. 1. (Mrs.)

(a) increased budget allocation for the purchaseof audiovisual materials

(b) removal of import duties and all forms of tariff onaudiovisual hardwares and softwarcs to makethem available and less expensive.

(c) Soliciting for the assistance of non-governmentalorganizations and philanthropic associations forthe supply and donation of audiovisual materialsto all primary health care centers.

(d) Provision of rural libraries fully equipped withtelevision, video and all other health relatedprojected audiovisual aids. This will enablethose who cannot afford them to make use of theexisting opportunities free of charge and therebypromote health care delivery among the ruralpopulace.

(e) Seeking professional assistance and expertadvice in the planning and production ofaudiovisual materials with local' scenes.

2. Workshops, Seminars and Conferences

To enhance the utilization of audiovisual media, regularworkshops, seminars, short courses and conferencesshould be organized for community health workers.This will definitely help to raise the standard ofaudiovisual media utilization among community healthworkers.

3. Evaluation of Audiovisual Utilization

All health institutions in Nigeria should set up effectivemachinery for the monitoring and evaluation ofaudiovisual utilization among the health workers. Thiswill assist in the identilication of the most effectivemedia.

4. Efficient Distribution System

The community health units in all the local goverrunentheadquarters should set up an efficient distributionsystem to ensure that available audiovisual materialsget to the community health workers in various clinicson time.

IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY

The value of health to an individual, a nation and theworld at large cannot be overstressed, Therefore, thenegligence or failure of the government and otherhealth agencies to effectively use multimedia approachin addressing the multidimensional health problems Inthis country spells doom for the citizens, There is nogainsaying the fact that the battle against HIV/AIDSscourge, cancer, hypertension, Hepatitis, diabetes etc.

Lagos Journal of Library & Information ScienceVol. I, No.1, 2003

cannot be won If the citizens arc not sensitized andmobilized enough to participate in the campaign forprevention and cure of these diseases.

Indeed, the non-utilization of multi-media in healthcampaigns implies high morbidity, high mortality andinvariably low productivity.

CONCLUSION

In view of all the lindings, one might conclude that thecommunity health workers use audiovisual resourcesthat arc readily available to them while the low utilizationof media resources such as films, slides, filmstrips,tapes, realia, video and television sets may be as aresult of their inadequate supply and inaccessibility tothe community health workers.

Furthermore, the major barriers to audiovisual resourcesutilization identified by community health workers arecost of purchasing materials, constant power failure,and inadequate supply of materials.

However, it is pertinent to point out that effective andefficient health care delivery in Nigeria demandsmaximum utilization of various types of audiovisualmedia, According to Olukoya (1990) Nigeria is 85.3%rural in population and witl154%and 77% illiteracy rateamong males and females respectively. Thus, anyattempt to reach out this enormous populationsuccessfully makes the utilization of all audiovisualresources mandatory.

More so, full participation has been identified as themost important principle ofprimary health care. Yet, alarge population of Nigerians have never participatedin health care delivery system of this country.Therefore, adequate mobilization, and sensitization ofNigerian populace towards improvement of their healthstatus means that all channels of health communicationmust be employed.

REFERENCES

Durana, Ines, et al (L980) Teaching Strategies forPrimary Health Care. A Syllabus. USA: RockellerFoundation p. 18.

Federal Ministry ofHealth (1988) The National HealthPolicy and Strategy To Achieve Health for allNigerians. Lagos, Nigeria: Federal Ministry ofHealth. October, Pp. 1-45.

Ibcgwam, A. (2001) "Potentials of Medical Libraries inPublic Health Information in Nigeria; A PilotStudy" m Lagos Librarian'. Journal of theNigeria Library Association Lagos Slate Chapter.Vol.22, No. I & 2, Pp. 11-l7.

Compliance with Library Rules and RegulationAnasi, Stella N. 1. (Mrs.)

Mabawonku, LM. and Atinmo, M. L (1980) Audiovisualin the Health Care Delivery System 0[0)'0 Stateof Nigeria. West African Journal of Education.Vol. Xxi No, 3 October. Pp.91-1OG.

Nworgu, B.G. (1988) "The Instructional System: AnIn novation in I nst ruct ional Technology".Educational Technology in Nigerian Educationedited by Dorothy A. Onyejcmezi. Onitsha:Educational Publishers Limited. P.8l.

Olukoya, Adcpcju A. (1990) "Approaches to AIDSEducation [or the Grassroots in Nigeria". HygicVol. IX No. 4, P. 32.

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Popoola, S. O. (1998) "An Appraisal of InformationDissemination of State Health Workers on FamilyPlanning Programme in Nigeria". NigerianLibraries: Joumal ofthe Nigeria Libra - AssociationVol. l. 3 2 No. I, Pp. 13-2l.

World HealLh Organisation (1990) A Call [or Action -Promoting Health in Developing Countries:Summary Report of Working Group on HealthPromotion in Developing Countries Geneva 9-13October 1989, USA: WHOPp. 1-9.

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