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\\ Ilwh for", .. jUi IIIIJ1'dii nl I"rlll lind II I'WIIIII(' ('I

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(:n'f'I't'. arid i l l1l'ol'llIlItly lite j.Kllltfn;IIU of' sudl ol't'rntioll . ..; is lUI .' . .;.<.;en ti,, 1 "tep in

undt"·!ltandillj.! til(' f\lll\·tiollin~ of lh(, palalilll "',I",..IPII1:-O. lIul\{'\'t' I', \1{' IHt'k e:-.pli('i l map ... fnHlI tilt, ,\I ,'I'I'nac'u lI Ilodd . Indeed , ,John ( 'hud l\il: " 1111,.. ( pll,~tiOl\('d Ihl' n'I'Y l'X i';I (' IW{'

of I1UIJ I"; ill llHlt ,,:o(· it ' I.\,:

Iml 1t"'1 (\ I\rill'r \lito IUI~ III' H'r "'1'11 II mup II ill "rd,'r ,ltl' "urr(lwuhlll! 111\111" I~ ~unw'hinJl Ill' ('jln

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I wou Id p(· .. hll p ... 1,(, It,,,,, 1'<\1 ('gol'it'a I in t1{'n.\'in~ I ht' IlI·t''''.'IIl'{' of III1IP",. {'sp{'l' inll,\ "j IIl'(' I Ill" rt' un' bOlh {'lIdi" I' IIIHI t'onlt'lIlpOl'<\T'~' l'xampk,.: of 1111\1''' ill ,\Il''';Opollll ll ia and E~,I"pI'. II (l\\('\('I·. i 1 i ~ i 11\ PO I' I 11111 IOU I lti('''''' a 11( 1 1 h (' n,\ 1 un' of 1 h l'1-l' filli p S: 11 1(',\' n n' 1101 ,..ma 11 -0:'1:111(,

mllp" of Iltl'j.!(· nrt'n" Ill' \\fJ!'hIIllIlP'" (a lthoup-h -",Udllll'(' all(, ... \(·11 ill 1111('1' Baby loniall 1.'011 -

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hahl~ I!nin~ IUH· k til I hI.' thil'd ('('nltl l'." B(': Ih., fi lmou-,", 1iI'''; I -l"t'nlu l'.' ..-\1) ('nWl"lel'''; from .\ n1u.;io (OI'lHlgl'), ... Iu)\\in)!: l1:l1lurintt-..l land, int{'I'M·('IN.1 h,\ I'in'!',.." , and lilt' ~\'('ran

, I .. llIllthl hi ... ,,, 'hunk ,John I, illen f •• r ,'Ommt'IlI ~ "II Nlrll\'r fh1t n ~ "f till" jllfllf·r 1l00011lh~"hl' him from n"l'l)n"hllll,\ r"r un.1 I,f n~ mon' rnd .. -nl "uJ,!\.!{"ti"n .. \1 ,1 1nt.,,'1 II, '-;lIl1.lmr').! "fl~ fllll(\('(1 fl'1.1111 lIll II I H(Omn,·~ Fat·ult ., I"f' II,,1I .. llll ,1\1 IInlt~ 1 hy li lt' t ;("I(lllIlI((' :-:..1)((01,1 I{,'''t'l,,·,·h ('wlHm'If'f' of. III' l'IHI(·""I1.' of \\'i~· ,~'n.m ~lruli .. jln

" \'E\IItI'" II .", S"l ...... 'JI/ .I/IIIUfIN 1,f/NIIUWjI 1t,.,,,,.,.11 (III/I (J/J,f' l 'IIIIlillll/'II,,,,,, . t. \ ~'''~':-'I t'(!..

Ill"';)' 1'. :I:!S I .1 , ('\1 \1,\1 I.' ... . "'1'110' IUIl 'fl'rt'llItiflll ,If \I .\'l·I'WIl'Jlll 1 ).,"'lItlu·nt~ nlHl 1',\ liun {:I ·"~/,lI \, l l ." , .II!!"!!"",,,

(,''''!Iml'/'!I- p :IH :111 J 7"" 1I1~/"ru fI/f'url'lfJfOpll" I'IJ!,H,'f J ('lIrfIJfJ"",I,!/I" " ,.,I""I',r;,. , / lIrl,"I, 11",/.IIr";'I~I/ !:"mIN (II/d

0., .I/f//i/'rrtIllUI/j (,I. II lII1C1,E\ & I) . \\'0011\\ I,W, f'IL IH1'i7). I' III";" :!II • 1\ \I( I ,~: \ .\- \\'IM.DlI IIW (11 10"11'. fl . :1) p , 114 . I'il! (; 10: O . ,\ IV 0(1."'.:. (,·l'u(fllllllt('IIUII,.Ilop,,(ItIS;, ).

II. II 17 In \·lIrIHllnll'hit· lI'rmilwl'ljot.' II "llI'1!\' ""all" mill' (i,( •. n·IIIIIH·'.\ IlIrJ,!f' 111"11"1f,('~ lOti 1110' J/lfll' t~m't'·

'I~l/\d 'I! rt·!u' 1\ \,1,\ "(1)1111 rt'nl ·\,o,·ld di" l ;\Ilt~'~l (~J\l'1'>< II ~mlll) II/"'U \l11I'1't'1\'" U "1I11\1)~(·III.·" 11111» ''OI'I' /'~ II

liI~"Jln'JI • 0 ., \\' \)11 ."'.: Til. I:'I/IU,,' /,,,, .. 1 SUrr'!I"r~ IN I nl",tlflrli"N I" IIIi . l grlm,n->lt,rH ( H~):! J. ('''I'

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Ii!,\" to pilin til -,(("11 1(· (nll'.\·illg- fl"OIll I ::1011 o rr lI"eI"llW" I Ff!/"II/f/ / ·rbi,,· 1 In I :1i .OOO IOl"n ngl' l'lIdll~lt·'·1) l'1Il1111. l·tll1ligtlotl~ IlI'PH,. 111"01111(1 ('I'l1ll"al pinel'". H.,' inl'lulling Ihl'I'(' HIIlll ll1l

(·xamp lt·,... I do 1I0t Illt'nll to irnpl,\' II liil"t,t'i I'(·hltioll:,hip l)('hl('('I1I1I,"'('111 .\ lyt·t'nat·Hlla nd

aIH· ... lt,d Human (':\l\lIIpll'"" hUI IIlt'I'I·I., III "uj!!!t· ... \ tht· 1'0,.;.,,,il,ilil,\" thlll .\I ,"I'I' IIHPa ll ,. did ('Illploy ,,(I lilt' f01'1ll Ilfllll'l!l·. · ... lllt· mappillj! .. \11 Hh,iou"'l·arl(lid at(· fUI· ... IH'h llIlll'pill).! IIli,!!IH hn\'(' 1"'1' 11 l"IUIH"tral (]O(·LlI1l(·nl .... \\ho,.(' "',ILln] 1411"111111 110111<1 Iran' 1'{'i.'lIlhe I'ylo" Eo:EII IIlId Eb: .. : " l'i'I·I)I'(I,::. It i ... II (11'1 h Ilul ill!! I hn t tilt' I! Otllll1l fir/i/fli d1"pit ' l i II).! Ill(' "pIlI ia I hl.HIlil nr In nd u IlolllU'l1t" "t'l·t> IH'<'ornpa lIil'<I II,' hUilk" "ullln ini Illl 11 I l':\ I un I 1'\" ·0,·<1 01" ('III·h plut OJ.

Th t'I't· i" Oil(' "1111111 pi('('1' of ilutin' i' l ('\ i(\I'IH'i' fOI' "m·h an 11""111111'1 il)lI . Th(, .\1[,,,0]111-Illminn pilln .. an' I'n'''I)I'\·I'd I,<'I'I\lh\' 1111'.' "t'n' im·j"l,d hy "('1"i l)(,,,: 011 t· IIIY lal,lI' t". \\hill' I-:)1Yl'lilll1 1' :\ll1l1 pll'" O\\(' Ilwir ,,"n' ivalln lil t' lin ·orahll' (.'olilliIIOI1" fill ' 11 1t' 1)I'('l'('I'\-alio11 of PIlP.' I"U ... . \ n' I ht· ' ·.' 11 11." .\ l .n·.· 11 1H'1I1l I'la 11'- 111.\ ... ( ·n·t·t1 frll" u,.. "11 (·III,\" ~ I'o .. "j hly ... il" II (. I II kt· I hl' " In ".' rinl h ·· i Ild ... ·d on I Iii' j"( ,..~() or I'l' ( ' II 1287 '''. \\ 'lr i It' not un ."\ pi i('i I {'Hda,.t nil plun .

il rnay pt·I'hap,. illlpl.\ Ill! nhilil.' 10 IIHlp "lIIn ll -.-wrtlt' "I nll"llII·e ... in plun ,·i. ,\\ . I do 1101 Illt'r(·fon'. think il 100 liu, fett"iH'd 10 itlln",i1tt, 11 piliu fill' thl' lal1d -h,)ldill,!!": ut Im -ki-jll -II' .·I'(·md(·d in Ill(' E - ""I"i('". allhuu.!,dl ,.,llt·1l n Ih ln", il' l·t· I·I1.Iittly 1101 PI'(·"('I·'·(,'1. nlH l \\t· l'hould jll"o],nlll.,· IIO\(' Iltlll Ihe n ll ll'1' ··d41odl(·,," u IH· ... 'l·t! un lailiel /"frxi n l't'mlll"\' \"1",111 11 ., in"p!r ('(I,I. I " ."0. IlIli ' 1I0l lt!l·r:-. if lilt' la lHIIH,ld i ll ", .lflt·UII1('III" rni",ht nol hnn' i'lIlwI il IIIt'l I II,. 11\1'

l'QIlI'·lllt·"t,.: of II\(' I{urnan /ilj/·i ",hidl UITil1tlllllllil'd ti ll' (·1\(111"'1"111 phI II.". Hnd II 111'1 Iwr Iht· fOJ"lIlUl1I nf p<'r:-"nnl -1l111l1l' tiJllol\I·,1 h.' , -I;' -f/' ( ill Eb alld Eo) !'l·th·t·." II 1IIIk 1(. till' 1)IHIl

throu)!h tIll' IWIIW: " X Ill" illllrkl·d Oil tIlt' IIHII'I . HIIlI " he lra"l1 plot ... ··. Thi" thnll).!ltt Jlut

tilt' in IIlilld 01" E. I .. Bl·IIIll'I'·" tnll1'-I"III' lIlalioll of Iht· It'xtuill lall(lholdill).! data inlo a "l1ll1 .. ihll· plot d ia,!!I'u Ill . lllUi I a I I 1'1111'11'(1 III t t"a n .. fi 11' 111 I hat inl I) 11 I'0 .... ihlt· I. i lII'Il'· B 1'/1(1/1 -

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T Ill' rt"ll)"Hllt 1'0il11 1't',!!IlI'dinf,! ('1.\1'1., )li ' '''''l'ullllllilln and Ef.!.' 1'1 iall pilln ... (lIIltl Homall

I·lt(hbll'r:- lind l·il y "Iall") i" t h1l I t IIPY dt'lIl 'I il II "1111111 a I'el\"_ {'onl i).!lIou" ,!!:I'IIU p .. uf ... 1 rill· ·

IUI'l' ''' 0 1' li'utlln''' : \·ily lIall". ",alt· .,. h ·lIIplt· ('0111]111 ' :\(>" . ..tn'!" ... l·anll],... rOl'f/ i ll(.of 1111£1 "'('fl 1II(1//i. :-;111,111 -"1"1111' l·I\I·tog-mph,\· 1111 nut,!!I'fl\\lh of II\{' ·· Ionian 1'('lillll " ill tht· (:1"1'('"

\\IIrld' ~ \Iud,,.: itl H "{·I'." (lil"I"PI·('II! tIlUIIIWI'. mnllpill,!! IUI').!f' blo('kl'!: 1'111"11\ ' .:'. ()(' \ 'IIII : nl'\' II,.,

liki' 1':111"11\11'. . \"ill .I'\\·. Th(',,(·IllIlP": uri' 1'('I1I1('d iiI i",,"(,~ o f ).!(,O IIlt' I I'.\" : Ihi' IIndt'1""tlttttlill,!!

of t 111'11 11"111 of I hI' {'Il l't 11 (11I1I·j i(·rri;II'I.\ it ... 1·llt' \ut 111"1 ') Hilt! ill' " iz(" \\'lrl·n di"'(·II:- .. t'tI ill hi~to ·

I'it,,, of \·a t·1 01! ' ·11 ph .," ". tI H''''(' dl,,·(·lnpllli'lt I ,. n I', · ."1 ·1·11 1I:' "I (>1''': i II lilt , i til',· it lIi1l,' pt"n,!!I·(·"':- 1'1"011\

·'p1"il11i li l'(" · to ·· tIlodt'nl'· tlll·t O).! I·Uphy, lIilh it-: hi",hl.\ ,,11' u ,'tul'I'li nnd "lIili\·1I :-y,,\t.!tl of

l 'l' l~n'''('l1 tin ,!! I,oth tup0l!l'Ilphit· allt l hllllll\lI li'IIIIII'P" II I ",(·alt·,.. Ihal "11 1'." i"1"I1I1l ,!!Iolml 1."·.· 11. inlhl' tllOtit'I'IlIlf,!f'. ":lIprll . glohlll I" \"I·",iollui. I t :-.("('111" lilliit' Ilral liri"Ullifi("Hlioll

- ( ' Xln'l.! :t S,;tIN (;"'firtl/lh!! . ,,,,,1 ,',,1f l irK ,II II" Eu rl!J /tOlflU Il /;.''''Jl frl ( l!J!jI ). I' I;,~ \) \\

H~; ' ' •• 1.1 .... "-"rl/ll/ I 'rl,i,. /ff, ,,,,,, TI" :" " ' ''''' J/" rI,/, ,'I"" ' ''I'' /I,f ' ·ri"", "-',rlll "j I "r" " I/tf"", ( 1\ltHI)j- l'h I> di""(, l"lntiulI , \ · lIin· ..... ,I.I "f .\li(·llivlll1 j.

Tht' Ilduut ,.\"1' It· IlIri,·. d ·li·Nin·I., 1'lIIl'hn"ll.mll .. ,,1111' huilllin!!" IImll!.· "llIl'hn .. il ill.ll ",Ilt'I" I), I. "~: (nIH/I·,·. II . til. II 11:1 1-1

1M ~'('. I' ll T (: 1'\1 .. \111 \, \1 .1'I ... ·n'U'IIn ... l·rtlll.1 \t- .. ,III"I,,""" E1K[}N . l '!fllll Nr,,,,:, Irr l rttll'1f/TfI''''1 ,';Iml""!! (I .I/l1hf" /fi/'JfI!1 (B I. HH\~;l I: ,1;;.1 I. ( 'HolI l,n ,'( I I!I!J:! ). 1'. Ii-l Ii;, 1'1 \ .\ 11

" ( ·"llt'I'II ... 1 in I'\I ~\I \I . I (/111m',· II iII l 1'. 11:\ 7;, I: I·:. I. BI:"ET r . . JII ·Tllt' I.nlllll"'II],· ..... "f 1'.110" . 1.1.1 '~I ( I~J'-"i ). l' I Iii 1'1 ... 11 1l "~ I, '" ,.,,11\ III" III).!

1'1 jll",1>", ' fll'· ,\1 .\ 1 ... ·'UW'Ul I,.t ,.1 rid I.' ( '.\(,1,,,111') "111"1, '1l1']ph.\ I .. "fTl'I'I 'd I,y I he TIIl"I~ ' 11I 111inl \II~' 11"1 '''1 '11. (III 1,III1·h 1",,\ol"ill ll" .. r l·"rl ".IlI""ph,1 idl ,nt if.1 (·lu·\II:,!l1Iphw ,., Inl "II\I"II~ . Sllt'h .. ~ • ht· ).!, .hh·" 1'(lIlII,I"I.1 UII I hi ' "".Il' ." !If ("I\I'I 'S nlld ~u forlll ~( , ,).! . II 1I1U:\ .\; \\'~II'\\ 1I:lI j lllo,,\, ' II :1], ]1, I:l:!. pI. :1] ,

" II \flU:' & \\'111111\1 IIW (l, boll' P, II . :1 ). 1'. I :I:! :1.;; i) 1I."E ("h",,', 11. -I) , 1'. ;'Ii; 1' . . 1 \\\1. {,If 1/'''1'11(' Ii/

II! ri //,,, ( '"I"I" 'Iflij ict fll l liNI , "po:;;" "'/II/"'I;I"I) ( I il,",,') II :!:I II 1"" .. 1' \111111'1 .. . 11 11 .",; ("I/IlI"·. 11 -I i: II \1I1 .E\ ,\:. \\ 'N'II\\ \I:1l (Hhmi' . 1\ :1 ).

of t Ill' t\\() ~l'1dl'''; \\/l,..nol /'Ipal'l,\' und(,I'~lood if. illliet'd , it \\!l~ pn''''{'tl l III n il in 1lIH'ipnl

"Olll'(VI": of l'al'lll1!T<l lllIy, .\not 11('1' ilnl'Ol'111111 ,..11'11('1111',11 pl'indpl(' in alll'il:'llI (·ollel'pt ..; of ,.:pal'(' \\,11-' I he li"'t of

plate .. uloll)! mult',.. . in HOlt1<ln t'ldlUI'l' Ihe ilillfmriuJ/lI :,. Thl'"e lin'. mlhl'!' like thl' jr)r·

//1m of t 11(' arJl'i 11/1 II"(J/'f .". pl'1ll' l i(:al map:<, a Ilowill!! Iriln'll'l' '': I" Inon' from pilH'C' 10 p];1(.p

readtilll! "Z" 11,\ II \'lln'flll pl'o~l'e:<:<itln from ",\" 10 " ]1 " to .. ( .... t'll' . '1'11(' "ly1l' \\1\:< alf':o

Pl'l""'t'lll ('lIl'1il'I' IiiI' ,..ea 11'11\' (,1 in Ill(' rr£Qi:rI.ou~ oftht' (:n'I,k \\ol'ld, :<lIdl /I,.; IlliI l alll'i·

bllll,lI 10 :-;(',vlax of ( 'lI l',nlllda . whith , nlthllll).!:h I'l'0habl,\' nol hy hill1 , allpelll':o. to date 10

Ill(' linl1'lh ('('nllll'.'· ]1( '\1:. The importanl poinl": nholll Ihis IllntltWI' o f ''' ll'l1l'tul'illj.! ~t'o·

~I'a phil'lll (bl\ a an' IIlal it impli t,,; a pnH,ti('HI 1'111']10 .... ('. 11 wa,\' of 11'a\'t' l ing' I't'Olll " .-\" to

"Z",nnd thnl il i,.. "d il'l'diolllll" nnd 111)11-11',\1 1 ... 1'1'1'111111': ."0" IlIH." 1-(0 ". \ Z" 0 1' "Z .-\ ". bul ,\(Ill Ina," 11(1; jUI1111 i'nlill " F" 10 .. ~ .. , IH' (lilto nnul hel' "'l'lll lt'll('t ', I 10. 1'01' ('X1I1111 1It,. \\·ilh­

oul rt'tlll'nill).!: fil':<t ttl ", \ " 01' " Z ". 'I'h(' :<.\'IllIJoli l· ,I.;it!ni fi eHnl't' jll':<IIl' 1I rout t·" was uf t',wr"'('

('oll"id('t'l\hl(' ill tilt, ]{,lIl 11 U l wodt!. ",illl'l' th('." ('1ll 110di ('d Il l(' tnuj(ll' O\·,-I'ln ml I'llad~ ('011-

~II'ut' \( 'd Iil'st in [ llll,\'. then thrul1)!llOl1t tIlt' t' l l1pil"l' \\hi l'lll'/u'1'il,d Homan 1ll(,1l. lll11tpri ·

til ... <lnd id ('a,.: 0\'('1' Ihe knowil wol'1d .. Ja lln i Iw " "'ltH lil't! IInt"i('nl (·om'('p l ,.. of )!t'o~ I'ap h,"

ullli di..;lint!ui,..hl'''' 1\\11 fllnliallll'l1tall'lllll'l'pt'" of 1<l)lognqJ il il'al "'P,lt'l': "8IJ(I::.i() n(/n/f)yicf)"

and " .~p(j:i{J , I/r/hllo-- I" T he dif'tl' I'I'Ill'l',,; hl' 1 \\'('t'll I hI' 1\\ () Ht '(' in lIiml'n,..ionalit.\, : in sp(I:io odoloyi('f). di,..WIH'( ''': HI't' a lway..; 1'('l atl'd to 1"0\11('''' <lm l It'nd 10 1)(, ",{'f'n in 011P dimen",ion.

a lOll)! n linc'. \\ h('I '(,II:< in 8ji(l:io (ue/ideo. liley ,11'(' t\\o-dimrn",iunal. ,1111\ Hn," point:-: ('an be linked din't'll.", 11,.. I\(' "',\" ",1:-: the e rn\\' fl it·,..--.

The Pl'ill l'i pll ' i .... I,,·t'''t'nl in 1 11(' ~HTOUIl11' of ~I raho. f(ll' a ll hi ,.; tllt'or,t'l it'1I1 d i",(·I1,-.,,,,ion

"fworld · mapping in hi .-. illll'odlit lion l'. :-;imilal'l,\·. al l hough tied 10 u 1\1)1,111 ",."",It'm of Io n · ,U'iludt' Hnt!I;tlilutlt'. P I(lkmy 1f'1lI]": 10 lIlap 1()\ln:<, ha rhot·". l'in' I' lIl(luth", and lI lOurl1,lin

p('ak" poin!..; 011 11 111;1]1 n OI (.'oa:<lline;:. houmhu·il''' . .. in'I' 1'(1111'.-'('''' 01' Illnllll1nin 1·,l ll¥e", .

. -\ ).!:ood pal'II11d 11l'1'(' is 1\ il h hou mbt,.\, t l'l'<lli(':-:. whieh linl 'l \l ' by d(,lillil iOIl li",1 in (wdf' l'

Inpo!-(l'u phi l' (and olht' l' ) ft'/lllll'l' .", thell (k,li llt' lilt, h'HI I j(I;rrii.'~ ht'i",(,t' ll 1\llIlt'rl·ilorie,.:,

\\ 'hul 1'(,l p\'/IIIt'I' 111l s I hi " II, .\1."('(,11<1(,;1 11 1!'f'ng- I'a ph.,·. hy ",II it'll I 111('1111 hotll n lll' 1'('('Oll -

1'1 I'll d ion nr I Ilt, ~t 'l lt!n1 1 III ,\' 1)1' I he ,\ I."t'l'n al'l\ Il "'/)I,ll I 11 nd I Ill' .\ I,I·(·t'IIIII'11 1 1:-:' 0\\'11 ]Jf'I'('('PI i­

Illi o f tht'il' :-: PlIl'P! 'I'll(' lJlain point i", that olhel' Ihull lal'w'·":('alt' pllln,.. (1It'I,hij('('!ul'Ul

and eadu ~t l 'al) I I\ould nol f"'Ilf' l't 11 ,\ lyt'PIHlPHIl III IlU" (' H ."tI'OIl)! ('flIH'l'ption Of:<Pl1 I i-

111 1'l'lulion" in t\\'o -dilllt'lI,..ionill " EU t· lidp,1I1 " "P"('P, IHii I'Hllil'l' 10 slnll'tul'P tht' wo rld ill

\{'nn" (' it IW I' of I'(,ute,.: 01' III' "1lll'nl,)I " Il lap:-:, T ili" I(,u \'p:-: u,.. in !l diflil'ult lJo,..itioll in t c rr n",

of 1'('('on"'l l'u vt i n~ till' j.!('Og I'H ph." of tire .\1."I'I-IlHea n \1 odd . ",i 111'(' I()!tit'a 11." we Itlu"'l lirl'i

Ihink a\\<I," all OlLl' modl'l ' lI l'(Jlll'I'I":< o f Iw:<tt'fl lIlap" HI d ill t'n'lll. hu t unilit'd .-wall''' and Ihink -- Ilk(, II .\ I,H'l'llllt'an-- ,11 ,0111 "'PI1 I'(', ('a n \\t' do l id " ill 1111," "alit! \\,Hy~

Om' ('(IIH'('I)\ :-: I"ikt,,,, l .... ,..ll'ol\gl,'· f l'om thf' 1)~' l os rl ot'U IlWIII", in w h idl th(' I,t, i"';l fun­

dallW1l1111 di..;litH'tion t'm lmd ied ill Iht' l i",tl' On 300 Hlld Vn 493 and ill tht· d.\'Illolo!!inil.

I." II'1lIl:<pal'I'J\ I 1(' I' m" d, -u·(·-r')-a )- l'o-m-i-ja anti Jll -m .fI J- J.·(I -m -i -jo 11{'\\I('{'1l lWO part :< of

the polil.". I f Iht, link" 1)l'1\\'1,.'t'1l t ill:' st:'l'ond t"I('Il1('1I1 ill Ihl'.-.(' l(' rill S Iln(1 Ihp o ro nym

,Itlp:o:!t'<! ill ~II'Hho (S A-.:!) Atyai.Eo\' ,Ire \'alid. 111('11 \\(' j.!l'1 11 n ... y I'lI'al' r:·xaillple of a .\ I,n'I'l1llt'illl ur I)\'rhup,.: mOl'e Hl'e Unl ll'l." a p .,·lial1 " 1111'111111 " mill' of III(' polil."!!'. IL ia."

I,; 1'11.1\,: (a tom' t' , II , I ) , " . I I:! :!!): ,r \X)o:1 (alll"l'. n . 1:1), I" " ll.1d: (a)",,','. II , I ), p. 1:\:\ :1,. I; ,I \.'\;"1 (ul,,,n'. I I. 1;\) , p, ,H HI. I- 10"'1"'>"""11,11, • • 11'\.'\1 (,,10"'('.11. l:\). 1" ,I ;:\. I" !""I' K . 1.\ ,,'l l. " ~"Ill" !{ .. t "n'II'1'~ I" Orientatioll '·. I""l f}' {l1111 f:,"·iflllll,,''''. ( 'o!!"ili.·,· .llft!lllill!! (md

,,',Jlliiol /l,!ml'iOl' (H .. \1. DIl\\;"~ & I). ~n:.\, l·11.. 1!J7:\), 1', :I()O :I \.' I .... II dis" \I~"i"J1 of tupo):"rnphi. , [,'alun-s

! :1-1

on (il/lfr .. idl' of Aiya/..£ov, :-11>(':-:< Iht· (\(·..:t· I' iption " ! ' ,\' Iillll " f.lI' lhl ·('~' 1·('n"OIl:-. , F il':-I , Iht,

fal' l IlIil l I hl' IAhlet .. 'H'I·t' round al P y lo:-, Oil I lIP wel<l :<idt, oft 11(' IlHlllilluin ran~t:.', implil'''

th ll l il i:- frum llli:, Wlilll of ";l'W Ih nt " ,Iii:, ~ ;dl' 01'-" ;1< t1('fim'i I. ~1'I·n1l(1. h (,(,tlul«' it i;-; tlnly

in th e ,·; t·in ;I ." "I' I h(' pHllI te lI1I ,\1\11 1':ngliHllo;-; llinl Ai.ya/.liov; 'l :-< lIl'tit';t' llI l.\' ('Jo,.;(' and di,.;tind to ill1ply 1\ ('It'ar dt'mnn:atinll , (:u furtlwr nUJ'lh 10 FiliH tra 111111 111(' motmlain,.; ;;:('('111 W I'.\' d i'll u nl. F lIJ'llwl' nol'l h :- t i II. a I 1,.\ I'll r; .. "ill, llH'Y ":1'(,111 100 (,1t,,..,, Ii)!' I hI' ex io:lpl1('(' orany dl·I/'(-ro- ...-,,'101'111 al l. "'hilt>, 10 I Ill' "olllh , Ill(> di\'i,..ioll i .. lill· II · .. ..: (·I('al· al'OlIIul ,\lt~ .\l allJ.!'llI\';l,.. alHl 1..\ lw <iimo:-", altholl}!h iiII' u". \1 ilh n tlJ]lup:rlJ)lhil' 111111'. 1 he:-€' dellrly repn·-.(·1I1 a ('olllintllliio ll 10 the "'{lu lhl'a .. l of Ih(, . \ ip:lIt('UlI I·hnill. Thi rd. 11('('a u;-;t< til(' di~ l i1l ('1 iOIl i,. 110 1 11 ppll 1'1' 111 ill I he lex I " /if /Ill.' (, I h('I' ,\ I .Ht' IWt'U II l·t' l lI ('1' .. , i II II n,\' fOI'II1. TIll'

hl1"; (' ([;I' I"io ll ;" 11 ll'1't, jil l't, pt·t'ulil1l' to Iltt· 1',\' 10" IIn·hi\'('. In {·ompttl 'i,.:otl . Il l(' \';\ I,lil'i1 (\ il' i" io ll HIJllI'U I':-< 1101 10 Iw 111 '(';-;(' 11 1 ill t il( ' I{nossos Il l '

(·hin'. 1111 hou!!h t ilt' int'o l1ll' l('{(' "i,Q'I1 ' g l'O llp JII ·m[ U{'l'U I':- tlll E 849. TIlt' T~ j.! roup~ 1'('I'on

;::I na'ied hy ,'h', \ I' lhm' ancl \\' i l "on-~', of {'Oll l' l"l', art' III·tifi('iall'tlll:-lI'Uet :o:, TILI'Y m11y. o f ('() u 1'1-(', I'l,nl'l' l lI1uj(JJ' t'OIJ('('pl lIU I houlUllt !'it' .... in till' III inti .... Ill' IIII' I\. 110 ....... 0..: lit 1111 in i,.;II·,1 I OJ· ... !I,

B,I' tl1(''',' I JIlt'a n f" 'IIII 1t't':- ;-; ueh 11:- ;\1 1 Idn I'l"'i lo l'il i,... till' hip:hlalHl" di":li llA'ui ;-; lIin¥ north

('I'('t(' fl'Ol1l'-:ollth ( ' I'('ll,I)('I\\WIl P:-ilol'ili-lilnd Ihl.' \) ik l i rall}!(' (I't' fl pding: Iht· hOUIl(\n l'i(' ..

o f Ill{' 1 ('nil (Jl'it':< IIt' h )II!!; 11g: I n 1 h(' ;\ I i !HUI II jJn la("(':-; of I\. IItl;-;"O;-; n n,1 1'11 11 ; .. 1 Il'-!), 111(' , \ IIIn

1'; \'1\ 11" .' I'(JU\{' rrUIH t h(, \\t':-It'I'n ;\ 1(',..11 I'n 10 I II(' II l''';' ·t·('nl!'!1 I 1It1l'1 h ,'01\ .. 1, and. of t'oUl·,,".

Ihe l'lI -tlf) )li-jfl rt'g:ion, It .'\l"t.'m..;thal :-01l H' 1\. 1111":":0" ":el'ihl'''' mig:hl IIII\'(' had .. hl'i('f" .. ha~"( 1

011 W'(J,I!!·l\ jJhi ta llll't·lI . " \I t' lL as h . 107 0 1' I hI.' (nO\\ fa illou ... ) ll ,~)~!.

1.1 :\ 1-: .11< B TOI'O:\Y)IY

It 111\' !I.Hllml .Ihlll III IIII' fir-I f1u ... h "fl"Ulhu.\U.m IH' h'l1th'" 10 Ilkuli(1 1111111.\ \I ~''''IUI('11n 11011\0',. "I 1',110'" 1IIIh "lJlilar ..111 .... 11111 ()fll'.: fur Ill>' n·'·"J.!IILlIOIi nf familiHr ( 'n'IMI 11;1)11('" un II ... "1I0 .... '~ lal,II'I. "II .. hhllt It 't'trlm}.! !,flLUI 1111(111 prolll "I' thl' d"Hl'hl'rtlwnl .x .. tIIW 11111 illlpU,g1l lilt' 1"llutti'llllJf 1'/1-,.,

II II h I"h';.or;:: hUI '1 I JlHl~1 nil Ill\' "t Iwn- hn I,' 1"'(')1 "11I1d.~'(1 "it h I1U,,,, ' "r It· ...... U\'l~'" I I hu~ 1,,'('Oml' {·It'M Ihnt 1'1' IUlI~t lImll n ~hn l'l' t!i.l;ndiuJI 1 .. '1111"'11 ull'IIT;f,1 1I1,\!" 'mllll' 11; ' \1 lis da~~I(',,1 rl)l'm. amI id,'11 I i(1 ill\! 1111' ~1~I.I!J'I1I,hil'1I1 ", II' JIlI'anl "il Ii I III' dn~,..I(·nl 1.)\11\.'::1

In ordt'r !(I l'ill'l'y o UI !Hl.1 lopop:nt phi l'H lI y.lm,ed :-Iud.,' in till' l. im·u l· H 1I1'('l1i\'(',,,: il I:'

e,';'«'lItiul II, tak(' 1\\0 ;-;1l' j1S:

I ) 10 ;"'IIl1tl t' IClponY Ill .. ('1':\ :0:) t Ol·"tahli" h Ilhi"h :-i,!!n -g: I'l)ul''' 0111"1' (\O(' IIII1('n l;-; han'

11 }!l'ol!l'Itphil ' 1'(' li' n ' II t'l' (11:0: tJl'po:-.etl 10 Pt ' !,>'( )Ilu l nalll t''''. it-xil·n l il(·II1,... I'll',)

2) 10 (';\/Imin(' thl' ('otn hination (If Ihl''''{' :, iJ.!,' n-j!l'o llp,,: ill 1(';\ 1" on II\(' (/ ''''''lIlI1 plioll Ihltl

.... tldl eomhinalioll :< will han' a 1-({'o}!I'nphiollmliol1ull',

'I'll(' fil':-I .. H'p ;:- fwhi{""'d in H numh.' I' flf "tl1l-(p,..!I:

,l~ ,lei PI'I II illfllll'" "r " 111<'111 111 11111 \'~ :l lltl :\ . 1'\ II(EI.I .. " T I,t' ('11'lIt ilJn " f I 'rHI 111.,;,,1 I.JlII,I ... I" I)"'; Tit .. BOWIlIi 11"1'111" 011 (,i ~Hll'illl ' ' :/llIl" ,/,/" fllrl!! J(OlllilJl /-'"wli,r i" tI" II'rA (T I ' I", B t.I'.': ,,," .\\. .\ II I.t.KI"I" l,{\.. Hmo).

1'. 1) I I f"I' I h,' ith' lllifil'1I 1 ion " I I 'i"ll plim' ' :JlIII n ... n .1,-1111'" !tn'll ].t'l·II I1 .... , .. r it ... ..1"111' l"I"'.I! l'ul'h il·al t~HIUI'I'~ ," ,J I, .\1t .\ ltTl II U 1'loNSIIIII''';1l tI" K", .......... T!lLl"~, "/flll,jiml;"" "lid 1.'Ii'('/"''' I I H!J:'!) ["' .IIi", ..

:-upplt'ult'nt !I[:.\ I.. \\'II ~""'\ "Thl' 1'111('(' :\IIJ1j .... III Ih., l.im'lIr B THill,·,. rrt>ln "nu~~" ...... mlt' I 'rdimin'lr.I'

('on~ltll·mTl"n,. .1/'11 ..... Iii ( Wji). p, Iii I:?:, :' Tilt, 1",,\il,1 uflltl' 1:TlJIII" mll.\ II(' n'I1.'d,'I1 inlhl' '"("'~I~"'nl )!'~JUpill\! "fTX~, r.lr ,·,/lmpll· . Oil t: i 49

Og S:J:I 110(' I'll ,..:ril·~ I'It·, I .... ~' di.I'II .... ~inli J.t'ltJ\1 p I:\.,IT.). !! F" .. ' ·'/l mpll' , .1 I' ill .1I u:u .. K:\ Il.i :0: 1\ II 1 I :. r II 1t\;'I!1t' :-1· ,·1 1 ..... "

I I I H: ,Ill '''"1',,''11 n In "'rJII lid.·" IU 'II I u7 ( 11I!!:1). I' I \1 :I:~ ; T ( : I' \I . \1'1 I 1,;\ I I:, , .If1"f .... :!7 :?I'I (HI!I:! H:I). p. :?(il :!,.;I

!>.1 ('IIIUIIUI\ , 'Tilt· '1'111) l'nJ\in'~· .. lJr l·.II,,~ .I111l"" 7 ( IHli:! I. I' I:!,i

I\ IJ"'~"~ 1'1 /1 III (·nn ..... "\! .\11(

'l't'n H(·n~"n,,"h.\' K II Il.i ".

". '\h .\In'111 Ii (nbmt', II :!OJ. p . I!) '.);\: rll)HI ,\ 'I','lIlnli\l' I Jltlt·~ of \I ,\'~"Ult'nn O,l(': Thi' 1\ 1It),,~(j~ TlIld{'\~ .Ilill '~· I!) ,\ nt·," {l!J";'ij, I' 7

1'lru1' :\anll'_~ Purt

I:t)

(a) TIlt' i<it'lllifinllioli of l. im·lIr B ,..ip:n-p:'·(lup ... \lith altl' ... u .. d T~ ....

. \ ... I nolt·1I ('arlieI', in IIII' ({nossos IIn·hi\'(',.; Iill' Ij,lllmillJ,! '1' :'\ " al·t' ill(·lltifiahl('. lInd

frum tht, IIt'J!illllillg-'" of OUI' di"'l·iplille:

L-o· 1/("~fI (I III i-II/ -1'O 'f/ I'i-.. m /H1 ·i-I" kll -dfl -ni-jo (I /Ill -Ia -/I'(I

(Thl'l 't' Ill"', uf (·OUI·-.i· . olh('I' po,,,ihl(, l'qu in llt-!ll'.·":!.'. hUI Ih,',\' !\I'" I,jll1.· I· unlikt·ly II)

Ill' null' Ih p Inlt'r ,ilt· It'.J,!. //-/(1 I/O = "ltQvos: 1 HI' iTl\'oln' pholioloJ,!i,'nl 1"'ohk'lll" It·.)!. I kt,·"o = .. A~oS: .~I I" i -ju = lilt' T ~ lwhi nel I iI(' 11I1t"1 (." II !I' ,n :rllTWltW : /( ' Il l xi. 7 1.)

'1'11('1'1' HI't· 11.'1\1'1' "('v llt'vly irienlifiul,k· ']':\,. il' Iht· l)y108 IlI't· hiq· :

I·: ..... ,·ntinll., JIll 1'1). if l\l' di"'('ollnl th.· po" .. ihilit y Ihal f()'I1-,~(J ('llIl tlt'1\OIf' any Int t' l' J\(}lIoos: . IIntl 1'1 I/-l'/)-III rfI H 11," of tlw ht I er J\EOi'.TQa. ( .--\ I I hough II (' "holll, I not {'xd lIde

Ihl·po .... ihilit.\ Ihat ri·)" d ue,; rd'l'r 10 1ll0dl'I' II KolrOlli . IIIlI·;t·1l1 'Aoivq , 1'01' \I hi eil lilt,

ualill' ' Piol' ,.(·t' lll ,.. to 11(' IIlle"ll'd u,; It po .... i!,lp I'at'iant l~t t'H llo S. ~ · ,-'l·l

.\lthou).!h litnil{,(1. tht, Thebes lln'hi\'l'("'~) ,,1'1'(',' Ihl'{'(' pluu ... il,lt, i(lt'lltitil·lIlion", ilWIIl­dill).! TiIt·l,t·,., il,('1f'"':

/lfl(1 dl (Wu 5 1.P: 65 .J3: 96.J3) 0 - 111(1-1'11 -10 (Or 25.1: Wu 58,y) loll /"If 10 (Wu .55.Pl

( I IIh'I'{' ... 1in).!I.\ . til(' '1':'\ ... olher tll<lll Th(,IIt·,: ibdf al'(' Int'ah'd in EllhniH. ill 1('11,,1 III lull'l' nlWit'llI I ifllt',..)

TI lt' ,\I ~'ccm, e Itr"ltin> om· I' ,.. OI\f'I)(N,i h1e idt'lIlitil'Htinn :

II fllt-tl, (X 508 .11: plall,jIl1.1· idf'lIlifi('d a,.. 01ifkt\'ob€)

('It'lul.\'. if III' had 101'1'1.\ ItH·I'f' I." ()II I Itt' dozl'tl 01''''0 nalllt·,., lI(}tl'd allon' Itl 1·l't·,m .. tl'u ("1

I hI' J.((·oj.!l'uph,\ nf I Itt' .'1 .\ (·t·llltt'n n Ilodd fmlll ('n'lt· to Bo('nlilL lIt' II!)III;! 1101 h an' milch to J.!tI Ull. '1'11(' furthel' :-ott'p'" un' 1Il·('I· ... "HI·y to (''-pund lilt' ""]11'1"1 Oil'\:, of plllll ..:ih ll' T~ ,,:

(IJ ) Idl'lIliti('/lI ion of T~~ 011 I h e ha..:i" of morplroloJ,!it'nl lutl1t·I 'I1": tll i .. illltlll'I''' t It(· i ... olul in ll of II plain sign -gl'OIl]l allt'l'liltt i tl!! II il II I hi ' sign-gl'ou p+dc nnd ()t . II il h 1111' sign 'gl'oLlp+i-j(}/ja

(c) F illllll.\. \It' C!Ul 11"'(' III{' TX,: idt>nlilit·d hy -.. \1 '1''' a) nlH l b) 10 idl·mit:\· H" T~ ... lho .. (' "iJ,!II-j.(I'(HtI''' O(·(·l1l'1'illj.( in pilmlld NlltI(.t"/,~ \I ilhin thl' Slllllt' dot'ulIlPtlt {II' e!o,..I,ly 1'l,I<I­

I('d ,.('\": til' 1-('1';1' .. of It,,,I .. ,

I':mplo.\ i 1lJ.! I h l'-.i· IH'm'l,d 1I!'t''':. ap pl'o" i ma tt'! y ifill T X,: lin \(, hl'('11 idl'1l1 ifit'd i II Ilw 1'- 1\(1 .. -

"o"'II'('h;\'('" aml,·,\.:! 1tl in Ihal of Pyln,. "hill' ('UI.lt'.,I ... an' u, .\('1 i" .. ulli,·i("111 HI i(]('I1 ' Iii) ttlOI·t' Ihall n handful inlhe TIlt'''I' '' and .\I YI'('1ll1l' af'(·hin',..:~ .

F"r ~'\'''III'I,', ,I ('\1.\111\1'''' B{'bUnm .. l'k'II("f'11 1'11" .... /1 .. al1<llhl' H~ ''' ' "fl',,·,,· II' .Ilt' Timt' .. I .I!f' LIII",lr B TIII,lt·'" l'r."."di/f9" "I tI" TI,ir" I lit. r.",ft.,M,1 ( 1.",1''''Jir<ll (',,"yr,,'" (lH';:I), I' :Il/ -I"

Thll' IttlllllO/ 'l' I .. !UI\' .,' IN' 11\1-.('(1 II .. n n' .. ul ( of .·\0111111.111" .... I\·,'('n. (11',',,,,·r.1 "fllt'll 'al,I,',. {. \ rn IIH1'11I"-. "'''''HIIII ."/""i,, ,11.'1'" 11(1, /II: \ .. \ 11\ I 1 \TI\,"". I., (:"1' 111'1 ..... \ 1'0 \~ , ', ,\ 1 :-:lIi JlU"1I It' •• i ,Id paln-un III l 'ndnllJ It '1'"1,,, /('11111.,(/(, Ii ( IH!I.'). 1'_1' _ I' . I;, Iii r EJ.a't'Jv l.

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II ll'<l 1I Il l(> IIHlUnlain:ti. in thl' ('OTlII':-.1 of llu- dU('IIIlU'llt"l'l'ohalJl,I' l'I·ft·""lo til(' ':'I1IWIIIIlI'."

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o,"I'S:-; in ()I'(I('I' 10 ,..ay anylhing- Ilwanillt!flll l"i'I-!IIrdill1! Iht' ("'nlWllIi('lltld politi{,1l1 g-t'(J·

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In", 'n~Hknnl! I hI' n'I,_"n, fil l" Ih_odn l jun., 'I lIIuy In·11' I" ,.,1\' ""'\f" 11<1\\ I h, ' ""I'll .. ·• '~lUld hnn· "hlllin· (,II tin· 1II1t'I'IUulj"" Il'nl i_ n .. ~'rcl,·cI III tl ... IlIhl"I~, '1'"" pll~_il,ilil"'_ MI),!!.!:,·,I ,h"III_dn'_: dlher th,' _"I'il .. ·, (, ,r I h"'I' u!'I" '1I111~"') It'ft I hI' 1,"ln' ~' III ",,"',lIl' I III ' mfnl IUnl illu or il ,'II'm' inl" I he 1';\11\", h~ IllIH" 111"1111_, WI,idll'l'I'r, if 1101 1""1 h i_ I nU'. -'J,wifi"/Ir11 11,,40'1,, 1 jun_ ,,,'1 II ''('11 I"I'IIn,1 111_ ....... I:ltl lik,.f~ In ari ... · fli l "III' .. r IUlln' IIf tltn~, n·II ..... >rI- Ii) infi"'''''\1 illl! fmm Imlil illulIl I'I",~'_ 1111_ .. 1,ld,",'(1 111\(1 I hf'Il d"liIH' nlII'ly n',~,nl, ... 1 in tl ... ""II'\(' I~JIlIl'\,t (i i) illl .. nll'''''''' fr"m II llI,ml .. 'r "11'1,,,,,, II Ii. oioluint'(l fnlm /In.' '~·lIlnll l ,I.u," find "",nll ... 1 a ... n"".",1 (i.i).,.f' ''''MI'lIn fr"II1" IlIImh,'r " I' ,,1;1("- 1111' 1,,110lf'll h,1

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I II 111'(11'1' "!lll\ jlll·illg l.' 10 l'~t nhli ~h til(' .s ig il ifi ,·ulI\·I ' •• f lIlI a .... 'willlifill •• 11 a d"l'ullll'nt (or

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1111'1'(' alld \I hili 11t(· i1l1pll t"11tinn~ lUI' 1.(.lh ftll, 11 gt'{I~ I'IIJ1hit'al 1'('I'lIn~II' IU'lion and /i)l' n

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nf \I holll 111·(' mohil,·, ~O tl1t' of \I hom 11 1'(' IHlI, ,\n' tilt'.\' all !\(llIli"i" ll'lIl o l '~ (i,e. do tlwy :)('11111 11 ,\ !'IJIl III(' i1l(llI~tl'i ('-. t'i{'. Ih. ,,\ I'('("'I'II!) I'" ft l'(' .. (l I1H' of Ihl ' lIl IIWI'(' IIdtllll! mal'll!

nt' .. ~ T Ilt' 1'(,l'i IJ( '~ \'I'I 'IJI'd Inio n nil I iOIl (11) i" P ltlllli'" (lIt'l i.-il it,~: II i.IIIII'''('IIlt't1I:-<): (b) ('omil1)!

; 111(1 pll lu('('~ ( I II \ : I 1('I'oln'd 1Iel i!'il i('~J: (c:) Ii .. , /'1 JlI'(If' / ·~ ... i 11(J ( 111 1')..(' 1' ~ 1I1111 1U 1I '.1 1'1'\'(11'(1.,,), ( ;('0-

p'l'!ll'h i l'lI I I i II k .. an' 1'1111 t inw'nt on t·i rt 'lIJ1l"' IIII1t'('~: (',g .. tllldt ' I' (a) urrl'I'i IIg1'1 10 (·Io-.{'I.,· a~-o · eiltlt'd pltll 'I'~: (b) ('O l llltlO(lili('" {-liming in al ~l ll11(' liltH', IIlII ont'n ,'p('ordt'{1 11-

.. !ngl(' · I1'I'OI'" ,'nlri",,: ttl li lt' {-a-.(~ uf (c) . Il w l'!' i .. no nl't·,'", .. il~· for (b) -I,l'p(' I'(·(·md .. 1() Iw

t'Hllt,t'll'd 11'(Jilh,r lIy 1'(:'1.NJIl of (J(()(jl"flphimll,lt ll0tlllh'.!b oppo_t,d 10 lilt' l'ol1\'1.· l1i('II(i' of

"atimin i ... lm li l('·',lI'f)).imity (\\-hal .. illL!I,,-(,ItII'.' !lUl'utlll'lll h11lllU'lwd 14111{' 0 11 top. (' 1('.),

1'::\lImi llilt,L! 1111' qm· ... lion of n'lalin' ,!!t'flgl'Hl'll,' IiiI' lilt' I'no,. .. o,. 1lI·(,lti\'(' in tIl(' hilt, I!JIiO .. lin d I Bill", I'll lrnt· 1' dt"'p lo Jl('d Iht , "OIH'I'PI Il l' Ill .. ",,('dlmJ "lIlItt''''', .\1 tite Chll\l ·

monl Colloq lliul11 he ItHlde il (,1('<1 1' llial 111' diel n n l 11l( '1I 1i 1111 1I1'ItiHI mutt' thai Hn adl11i ­

ni"lnlllll' (~:-< t · l ,j IJ( ·) Inlltld Iw n- la la'lI 011 Ih t • ~l'o llJtd 1\ 111'11 l'I"Tying nllt un II1"p('('lion , /1,1 ' t':\III I1 I'I(, (1'1: I'Y E(I 213: o-lI'i-d'), 01' j.!U(III't'ill),! dnili . hili I'IItlll 'I' 11 " 1"IIlttl'" followed ill til(' 1'I('l'il)l" :' Itlintl h" /Iring ,"'O tlW I"I' Inl1011 II) lIdwd IOp"!! l'llph,\' II ht ' l l l'I "'ll l'dinl! T );'~ H. If II( ' t' I II lII'1I 1'\' IItt' 1 11(1 KX lpsls E 749 a lld Og 83:1 . 111'1'1111 ,"'t 't' .... 1II11('lhillg (,I' Iht:' W"-1,1('111 , 1'i tlt 'I' I II (,.\' li .. 1 lIlt' ~a nw '1' );' 1'1. ht ll ill ~ tighl Iy diflj·I't ' III OI'd" I', lind OIW '1');' (Ill-ri-.-;i·j,,) fWI'lI t '~ 0111.1 011 Og 8;J3. The "('I'ib~'~ (E 7"9 i .. h,1 h, I:Ui : Og 8:1:1 h,' 11 11 tlllidl'nl ilied h llnd)

d('11 1'1,1 did nOI follO\\ I Ill' ;-.<1 Ill{' " ',(lUI l''' ('H'1t .. l it 1'1 i n).! III d inc'l,t' l l l poinl") , 11111 I ht,~, (' 1<'1.l r -

1.1' hlltilltt''''llllt ' ~I'Ou p uf TX ... inll1i m 1, '1'111' r('/llil.' of I lit' gro up i~ IUI'lhl'r "uPJlOi,tI.'(1 h,' ti lt' Il" ;'(· I' il '" (h,1 ,\I' I a n olh('I' ~f' I' iht" h, II !J) \lhidl a~!H ill 1i ,. 1,.; 1ll1l .. 1 IIf lit,· ... '1111(' TX ... II 1 I It t Itt' a dd i t iun of f -1'(1 a nd po-i '/(1 hu I on ~i ll~h' - (' Il1".', (' It 1IIJ.!11 h 'd III hlt'l ~ II il h Oli l I h('

p()~",il.itil,l' of deli 11 1 II,!! <tit onl!'r':'.

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gl'l1l'lty:

.: \\11 ..... \ (nh"lt'. 11 :!1I1. I' !t,j

J. J: I' \I.IH:U \1\1'·II",·"n ht~.·rtllo.'(l \' " .... , I I !III' \hljnlmld Find_ "':wlll"'" 11 ( I !I-;;? J. p. :tl. Th.·

lI'rm 1- ,·nl lI'iz.,1 "~. I J. 'I n.~:" \ . . "/"di." "" "':""" .II,,... """Ut III~rll'/"'"' fr •• 111 II" ".~."'''' O,,,II,,!} 1IIIh T • .r 11/." =.1/"" .... :-;IIJlpl.'m,·I\I :, Ill';' I. p. I :! I :!:l

" J. I( I' IJ\I~;I:, '('''111'''''\ 'lIld 1:'''lj.:lll pll,' "n'I" ('·'//'1'1"/11111 ('/111'''''''111. JI .. -; " , \ II llllll,dl, n~ ,I"hn I, illl'1I r\'ltlilld~ IIII' . I III' p ll"l "1-(1 " JIlt 111 .... .1/ II. pI ,\ .\.\ \' 111 ~ I I()I'" I hn l I h .. 1!11.It'ls

11t,1 III 1111' "1'.1"1' 1'1' 4!1a ,,!IS "!I" 4!16 4 !J7 "!l8 "Ul) Itotoll . 11,,1 dll'il' 11'111\1'1'11'111 <Inlt'I', fl. p"lI1t ' 11 tllil h,l ." ,,11'1 111 (" I"",." II . 1:1). II I:!I, . ( Jf thl' jll,~lH",,~il'OIl~ "1',,,IIIt'I·,1 1'.1 tl" " '11',1,,1' , till) III',' t'q",ull',1 ill tht· 1>11 t:ll,lI'I~: " f; / .. + II" rtI (I'p "!la "9,,); UII lQ!)S) uwl " I" 11" + 'f" IIII! (1'1' 4un 4117; Un 1i55!1)

130

h'T u~ n'lll('rull('r IIII' fill,' Ilf IllI' J,!t'tll'all,~i~( \lho ThllUJ,!hl That 110' ""11M I'UI All TIll' fllrllu'r inh,lluTanl'" hflll_~ nllll):." IIlIll til(' hnu-.('~ lilt", lin'll in in I ,-l,-d I.,' r"II",linu till' "'''~ll~-llIkl'r'' roUTI' from hllu--t, hi

III'U~ ', UIIIII n fll,'1\11 n'mill,h'll hilll 111Il1 Ihl' , .. 'II~II~ II~T~ \\,'r~' \'t'r,' I""~II.I,\ 11111111' lip "','r 1\ 1, .. 1 "I' nl" in lllO' 1'11' .. 1 puhli(' h .. u~''''

1.t'''1 I\{' dp"'pf'il: il" Ihl'!',' allY M'n ... l' in \\ hi('h Ihl'll':Iolual i"fol'lllllliolT (:a ll hdp ill !!('O!!I'U­phil'al "1Il ttt' I''':~ I-le' ri' I IIlI'n in 1',\'10'" <lnd (-,:IoIl IlTim' Ih,' j!"po,t!raphit'a l inro rm nliolll'lIIl,o­d i(-'<I ill I lit' 11 ':10 1'" from I h<' pllhwt,.

I 'Y LI ,IX m :()(: H.I I ' II Y

,\ :-: I Illt ' l II iotl{,d a hon'. I h,' I'(' i..: II funda tilt,,, I III d h' i, .. iwI of I h, ' I ',\ Ifl.~ 1.01 i 1,\" inl \I I lion 1'('11.".

,-om 1'111 iOHn II,\' "Idl,'d Ill(' lli l hi' !" ~l nd F lIT'l ht'l' 1' 1"0\ ill( '(''': ( III ' ;11,, 1 FP 1'1'0111 nO\\ OI L for t Oll\'t'n i(' llt'I'), /l lltl I hi,.. /'i'pn,,..t'III": 11 till iqul' d i:-:I i Ih'l ion a mOil )'! 0 111' pl'p-.('rn'fl ,\1 ,\'11.'11.1('1\ n

dol''' tlWIlH. \\,i I hill I h i,.. funda mt'1I1 ill d i \- i..:ioll. I hl'I'(' 11 I',' I \\ 0 J.! T'I "IJ' :-: HI' T:\ ,.; \1 Ii il'l l IIt'ell l' in a Ii :lol,d onl('I' Oil \'ul'iulI": li ,.. I", T he IITIJ>:' I ('(I1IlI,l t, tt' i,.; !hnl f'tll lJ(I,lipd un Ju 829. Ilh il e en 608, VII:!O II lId Ihl' Il' '''''' \\1, 11 ]ll'e,.;e l' \"(,(] \'11 19 9 i\'l ' U,.. lilt ' l i l ' ~1 nil1(' '1':'\ :-: in (':\1\('11 .1' Ihe :'lIttle UI',I('I', H,\ l'{U llPH l"i,..,Jl I of .In 829 with 011 :100 lind \'11 49:t . \\1' "Il ll ,..(0(' 111II1 .JI1 829 li ... l ,. It ll Il l(' ttllljOI" plal'('''' in h(ll h H P ,I nd F p, li lt' F I' li,lll m in,!! IIII' H P '1':\ ", Th,' ra,·' 1111.11 I Ill' li .. l ,.; II n ' "') ,..ta hl,- (':\l'l' pl i!1(!" t IIf' ... !t'll i).!hl 1(11'\\ II ('( I ,, " h,..t it ul iun of /"(J- If "'(1 (J II 829) (01' ,-/"(/10 «'II 608: Yll 20) j .. , ( I nt'(' i.l~3ill, ltlliqm' 10 Iht' p,\ In,.. 1'i,\·",lt'm. ,\ .. I IlWll1jOlll'd , I'0,..,..ihl,," ,'omplll"fl h[(' li..:l ~ {':Ioi,..1 a l Kllo,..,..o-.. ((>,~, E 749: Og 8:1:4) \\ ith n,lalin,ly ~ I ah l l-'

~1'(HlP'" 01' '1':'\ )0;, hlll I h,'.\' 111'(' 111'\"('1' in a fix (-" O!'d, ' I', " '!tltl i ... lIlt' I"llt io nu ll ' rOt, .... ll(·h a fix ('d ore l"I' ! TIll' po .. ",ill ililit '''' Ihnt han' 111'('11 ('()n~i -

d(' I'f'(I'~ un ':

B" 11 k (or, t Iwun' l it'a II.'". i 11\'1:'1''''''' rank) twder of PI'OPOI'I il Ill" uf I hI' l'mll modi' it'" 1l" .. i1!-11",1 01' 1'1'11 ui I't'fl. :\ ('i I I WI' of I he .... • \\(wk h. 'I'a u .. ,' I ht' ('ollltnnd i Ii,'''' 1"111 '.1' in IllI'il' n IIHl­Ullh 111'1'111"' 1111 .'" nlt1doml,\' (Fif!. 1). 1':--"lIdo-alphl lhf'li t'al mileI'. 'I'll(' ,..Pqlll'l1t"( ' "I' initial :-: i).! I1 ": lill ' III' i . ..:: pi- 1//(" pl' -I JJII (I. (I . ,'(, lor (·1 h/- ,'i·, f(l llO\l'ed 1.,\, 10'1' (f1'II IH _In 829) li- m ,~(I . (1- 1'-,':'(/- /' - . T hi..: ('011111 0111 ,' \IO ri.; ifIll" lwo ~('~men '" "I"1 1,,' li ..;1 (H,,;,':o. plh 'i ll ,' lilt On ;100 lind \'n 493) ('<wit '4,110\\(,( 1 1\ P"'('lHII'-1.1Iphabl' ti l'111 Ilt'd"I', ,..illl'" illililll (( OlTur:-: t" ,!!<'l lwl' at 1-11' ##:, (i 1III(Ini F P #'1. The faet Ih lll I he ll\(' initiullf .. ijfn..: (ll't'U! ' \o,t!t'lh(' I' mig hl I Jl' 1-' 111" HI I"fl l!i lip: fi)I' I Ilt' idf'll 1'1' n p ,,:, 'udo-n Illhllllet iea I onll' l'i tl,l.( 1\ il hi II ,'II ('h pro\' i net'. BUI , l'\'l'l1 il'll('il"..; lttIW Illt,li:-:h<a l'{' "'('1'<1 1"11 It', tlwtl \Il' !'lIH illio prohll'Ul il1lit n l illili · III ( II PP('ill ':-: :"b (/ 1/11 7th ill tite FI' li:-:t. :-:t'PIII 'H h 'd " ,\' iniliul :;(1. \\"t, tnighl lll~o lind il impluu,.. ihll ' thllt II ,\ I,n1.'n1It'a n Ot'd pl'i ll J,! of..:y ll ill,O,!! I'ITlII :-- '«'PIII'lll l'd iniliul lahial :-: (pi-1i1.!.-jJl-IJO) I1tH I liquid .. (ro -ill-/'i-). ulthoTlJ.!h \IP ... hollill P('I'lIlIIl" ntH II l1t' mpt 10 lmpo-.(' mnd,'I' n plwnulol£il'al ,..(' heme,.. on II ,,~lIa"il' :-:,' ... 11'111: llflt'r a ll. OUl' a lphllbet do(· ... nol J.!I'OUp to~{'lh" I' ... i~n,. of ... imilul" 11 1'1 i,'ulllliull. III" ('\'t'll kl1.'p \'oWI,I .. and ('on­"'O!llllll ", d i,..1 i net , :'\ 1'\"('I'l hdl'''''. Ill{' JI""lH lo-lll pita 111'1 i('ill 01,£11'1" H't' T\l " ,\ 11 lI!l tikt'l y oq:ra­Iliz.i n,1( jll"ineip!t" (;('()I.("I"II IIIII('" 1 (" lll 'I'i fi t'a II~' :\ 01"1 h-~t"lt h), ' 1'11l' 1ll ll .. t 1\ i([I'I,\' Ill'l'('I,1 N I (II', It,!" li)l' ti lt, Ii ... \. .. i:-: 11 111 1 IllI'Y Iln·,t!t'o,1! l"ul'h i<:a l. u lTllngl'd (al lell",1 lilT' 111') rT'OIll 1111' not',h (I ht, TlUI'1 ht'l'l! lum tld.l ry) ' tJ ... mll h (Ill{' "'HlllWl'n "ounda ry II IH I I h,' 11"11 n ... i, ion III I hI' F Pl.

'1'1\(>1"(' lin' 1\\0 1'11'1-(-' .. tll'p\' idt'II('(' t l) ,.. UJI]lOl'I llli ... : ( I ) lilt' I'lli'I Ih!lt III' ~ (pa·I.'; -jO'IIf) 11<1 " 1, lo,.{, link ,. 1\ il h Ilw l'('tHt'l' pll-'" ";"j!"J.!{'..: t ..: Ih al Iltt> Ii ,..\-< tlt,ithl'l' ht 'j.!in. nOl' l,tld \\ it h the ,'t' IIIt ' I", lind it \\"('11 1/[ 1" , Il lau:-:i hlf' if tilt, ('t' lIlt'I' \\'1'1'(' 111111'(' (II ' Il'''::-: "" "pnll'III ": (2)

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JI!lr/l/lIi(IJI '1""Jrrtl)IIy 1'_ S, " },',,, "11:111111'11'. ( '11 \1'1\ II ... (1I 1,un', 11 . ~~) I. I'. III ...

Iht, 0 hi (t'tHl ~ I,Q'tt3t'(l n tahlet:-: d eal \\'illl wa~lal T:\ ~ ;lnt! ('an Iii' linlwtl in 3 fel\' ca,.:(>~ to

II P UlIl jOI' '1':\ '" The OCl'lII' I'em'e on till' :-;Ultl(' tl':\1. 'I ilh o lll y Ollt' 01 IWI' '1':\ in!(:'I·,·ellin~.

of kit ((t do · /'(/ (All 661..i ) the IO('l.ll ion ofll til'll.ll'illll('lll lind Ii mi-Iri -(l · h - i (An 661.1 0) ,Ill o-/.-o I I Q Ilppeal· ... 10 l'Onfil'1ll IluII I Ill' ('IH I of the 1-11' li .. t I'un ..: on int 0 t he be~i n ­

ning ( Ilt'al ·(· ~ t q of Ih e 1-' 1-' li,, \.;1,. nn ,In 829 . . \llluJll~h Ihi,. i .. p lau"il,le.ll nd I'I'0bahl.\' ri~hl. I \\Ollcit'l' ifthl' :\ 1.\'l'i.·1111l'il1l ,,(-I'ibp,. <l l

I 'y lo~ at· I lIall .,· ""a \I' tlu' il' o!'( I {, l'in~ f'l' I lw l i P lIml F I' T :\~ a~ II li ll (';11' onl('1' fl'om 1I~ )I·lh(IH, .. t),al'Ound ( 'a pe A kl'il;lS, to the "outh (ell..:I ), T he 1()l'tnu lization ul';lli"t in Ihis

II It,\' ilnp lit·s t·il 11('1' 1\ lint 'a ]' o l'de l' (an it illt:' l·ll l·.V) (II' :-;(j I IU' o t hel' jJl'ilH'i pl!' (If ol").!an iza t ioll . ,,"yutl and ,,,",IH·hnt·n lint:, hal'(' elH.:h pointed oul thaI tht· H I' li ~ t "ho\\~ 11 tI(-lIl' gl'Ou l'in),( j ilin lillu' ullit~ . ead, illl'oh' i ll~ ;-ljJpl'oxi lll lllt· I.\, tht' "ll1IlI' 1l 11l(lunl (If t.'ill·h l·()I]l1 I10di l .\·" . T ht, ),( 1'0 1111." 1'01111\\' tllt' fi xl'd ordcr; fir s l . pi-*8:! HIIIIIII' /o -po; 1111 '11 jil'· tO-I/O (in isulalioll ):

jJII -ki -ja - liI" (1 -1)//:-1"( a nd a-kl -Tl' -II'(I: liI "I I,". I'O- li -SIJ (0 1' I'- /'{/ -Io). ka · m·(/o-/,o and ri -jl).

\\ ' Il l' " gl'uupl'd ill Ih l' "" lII l' 11';1,1'. 111 (' iI ~H',.;.."nll·lIt" fql' 111I'i'>l' T :\ l'i 011 Ih l' 1\ l a labl('1 '" whl'I'!' Ih t·.1' ll l'l' li"lt·d illd i"iduall.1" Oil "il1~ Ic- '(' lltly r!' )(' 1I111t' I1I " s hol\' sub"tanti ldl ,l' tlie :';;1 In('

1,,·ol)/J l'lioll ... 1/,1' g1'(IlIP ( F i~, :1), III ot h('I' 1\111'(l s, il III i,t!h I "'l'{, ln IIIal til t, '1' :\' .... it l 1 (,1l~ 1 of III' W('l'l' ,!!'I'oupt'd in Hldl a \1'<1," fl l'tlphi" ,tll.,·, n il Ill(' tllh l(' t ". 11;'; to 1'0 1'111 the ha ... il' ~ roll p

011 II hil'h t hl'," Wl'n' as.."t'::;::;ed 1'01' fis l'al PU 1V O"l ''':.

In I ill'III'.\", t IW!'l'fol't'_ Olle eoul d ('m- i "'~\1!l' I 11I,'s(' ~I'Uli pi IIgs II" hn I' i n~ n PllI'pl.,· fi ;';ca I ".:i1!­nifil·ll1l1'('. 1llf'1'!'1." t'OIwenie ll t ,!!.Tuuping" 10 li ll'lll unit.; ('Ollt I'ibllt in~ I'n ll~ hl ." olle-qu3 I't t' I' of thl' 1I"-.e"." Il1 t.' lIt fiJ I' t hl' H P. T hall hi ;., i;., Ulllik(,ly 1o 11I\\'{' ht't.'n I Ill' l'a"l' i", " lIg:,!!e"tl'd h.1' th (' Oil(' li"l \1'(' han' PI'l'"t' IT('ti fo r Iht, FP, :"'h(·IIlH' l'dillf'. {4)lIo\\ill!! \\\a ll . tll'1l10n"lrall'd Iha t lilt' j\J .. a" ... t',.:..:IIlt'nb for thl' F P ",i l1lill1ri.\· 1'( 11'1111'<1 linll' 1IIlil "I~I_ TIll' unit ,.: an' "Iightl.\· ('om 1'1 ivll t t'( l by 11lf' s u II .. t i tut io n of I \\'0 T:\ .. (a-Il-I'( -/l'i -jo II lid P - ,~o - l'p ' lI'i ·ja) for p- I',, - i of In 829. hU I il i ... ('It'H I' t hal II be n a lTangl'd hy /i,,{'aJ 1! 1 ·( l u pillg~. Ihe FI' '1' :\" do not follow I hi' ",a lilt ' ol'dl' I' a..: ., II 829. :- ill t·f' 1 i - 11/ i -fo -a -h -( i ~ I hen ' filllO\\'t,d d i I'ed I." hy J'f/ - Jwa -ra ({/~.

II 1lt'I'I'II", for lilt, ti"l'al ~ I '(jllp i n f!:-: to wu rk . fi - II/;-lo-o-l'I -1 IIHI .. t ~ I'OIl1' II illl .';f/ - IIU/-J'f/ and II .-<i jl'l I;'jll, II hii'll a dll1 ittedl.,· do fi ,ii,,\\, irl1ll1 ed iat(·I.1" II ft t' I ·I'ft - J!I'II - I'(/ -I{f~nn .' 11 829. :--iillli · 1111' 1.,', ,In 82H Ilc'x l Ji st s I-- I·o -Ie - /,p - II'II -pi. fullowl'lI II." :II-IIUI -" -Iri -j(l. (·Ilt· h of whi ch ... eem tl)

IJ (' I !)I1~ III difft' I'('1l1 /i ..:('al ~]'(j ll Pi' ( F it!. :1 ).

'1'1 .. , po:-.~ i hk illlplil'll t ion !i of ihi -; Ilh~er'\'lItjlm 11 1'(' fiJllrfiJld : <I > T hat till' 1)1'1 1('1' of I n 829 i~ J..!:l'Og l·U phi l'II II .1' (k- IC' l'mill('d , but j 11 (' fi ,wa ! I-( nHlp jlll!~ 111'\ ' !lilt: (2) that tilt, o rder of .'n 821) i." nut W'ol!1'l lp li i(·a IJ.\' dt'lt'rltlillt·d, bllt tilt' fis('ill :,(1·Ollpillg..: ilrl' : (3) lhat tJull, iHf' g t'og l·lIphit'H l. IJllt nut lH'l'Ol'ding I,) the sallw 1'l1 t iuIiUI I': 0 1', !jlHdl.I' ( 4 ) , Ib Id Iwitlwr fisc-al I!l'Oupi llg~. 1101' I n 829 li ~ t a I'(' ,Q:f'og' ]·aphi(·n l. J(lt-IIII.I'. l\t' wo uld likl' to rl'jl't' l (4 ) . and (2) dlH.'-; n(lt w{Ji'I, 1)('1'1Iu-;(' the ordf'I' of 'I' :\s on ,' II 829 d np", IHlI eo nfi)! '!!l to lh(' fi,,('ill g roll ­

pin~" ill l ilt' l'1I",e of I II(' Fl'. If \\(. ilt'('{'pl ( I ) . ; Ilf'n II l' hll\'(' to at·l·t'])1 i ha t I he hid 11wI

till' fi"'l'al ).! I'oupillgs are li"ted tOl!e tlw l' f(JI'lh(, HI' i" ('oi lw i<il'lI t llL (:1) i ~ the explanali· on Ih ll l .Johll ('hac!\\'il'k o pted fo r in his disl' U""io ll of' F I' topuny m.I·, on the ha~i-; Iha t it i" diflit 'ult 10 pl'lwidl' a lill t'lI l' C)nkr liJI' '1':\" 11];\1 11 1'1' 1I0t 'IITa n~f'd ulon,;! a lim'aJ' f('a· 1111'(" -", Fi),(UI'l' ;~ "I lOW" a l·(' rtain eOJl"i"t('IH'.I' in ti lt' ~('f!l.!'ra phi t'lIl l i,,1. ifl ht' fj",t'al ~1'(JU I''''

a re j.!t'o,;!ntphil'al. hu l it doe" 1101 d('TllOII" l n lll' Ill(' .~(lInr ).!po,! .. (Tllphil'a l ralionale /I" lht' I ll' : 111l' 1'\0 d o 1101 mall'h Olle-fi.w-Ul ll'. The "1I 111l' 1',\ 11 I ... Ntid li,r \'n 493 ami On 300_ Iwilhl' l' of'\I h it'h (jT'dt' I' thf' F P T~ :- in tht' "~1I 1H,' 11'11." H": JII 829. dt' .. nor in t il{' -;a me \I'll." liS ('!It'll o l lH'I', T h£' fa('1 thai tllP I I I' fixed Ql'lit'1' d ot·" g l'ollp Iht, T :\s 1,.1" fj "\'aJ unit is ei ·

+, \\' . F. WI \'1"1' . "TI'l' ~I II T al)I ... ~ frHm P.dH~ " .. I'/. I!It, ( IHO:.! ). ]>, :.!I -II : ~1I1 :1.\l f:I:I I I:-'f: (ul",,·p. II . :1. ). I', 1:11, :I!I. \\ il h n·fp!'l·lw,· ....

,,' C. \\' . ~1 1 1·:I.' I I·;l:III:-.I-:. "TIlt· I'.dus ~[ a Tahl ... ~ H,·,·+lu,id,·I·,·d .. .. I./.1 j'j ( IH7:1). I'. :.! i'1 ,:,. " .1 ('II 111\\ I! h. "Th .. ( :'·<I,!!r~f!II.\· "flh(' FUl'l 1,.·1' 1'I'\I\' ill<'" " I' I '.\I+I~" , . J.}. I j7 (Wi:I), I'. :!,!, ' S.

I~ I

Iher ("OilH'idt'IH'P or ,1 huwtioll of an 1"3 1'1 Il'l' ~tagl' ill ",hid. til t' 1-1 1' (h('fort' then' \HI,.. a F P) wa:- divi<it'tI gt'O).! I'U ] Ih il:,llly i 111 () foul' II nit:-. perhap:- 11'" t'nd. ILIl it II II'" ill(."l,rpora ted i lito 11l(' polity. T ilt' 1"1' wou ld nut h, lIow the NUll(' l'llI iUJUl]t '. IIt 'ill!! Il more 11.>("{' llt addition to tIlt' II holt· ".v:<tl'tIl.

I 1/1\'1 II).! {'",t 11 hI i,..hl'tl. t he l'l'fM(-. 1 lit' lik£-l.\' }!t>O"~Tll ph it'n' a rnllll!t' l llt'lIt of the 1-1 1> Ii..". I nlfel' a h'll n l,,,t' ITatillll,.. on \111' Ol"di' l', ."onw tIl' \\ hi l'h uri"", out of lhe ] 'ylo:-- 1{ l'lli(JIHll

.\n·haeolo/-!it·1I1 I'mjt'l·,', ',1 n't-enl an·haf'oh1l-riea] lit'ld\\()l'k ill thr- n 'gi( 1I1 uftl\(· pa lacl' or Xt',..tOI'. In tlw iii',." in",ta ll t't'. hO\I'('w'.'. 1 ('lIlI .. "i d e l' hl'j(' I1,\' tl\(' li .... lilll-( ofpla('(""; in tl\{' fixed mdt,l'. If lit' nt'('I'pt, II" I ft·el we IIlU"!. the 'dellt ifil'l1lion of li -lIIi -lo (I -h, II it h I hl' a n·lta ­('olo).dt·111 ,.:itt, of .\'i(·htll"ill';~. t h ('n the adjal't"ut·," of I hHt T .\' io II\{' I'IHI of I h t' 1-11-' li 1j1 in In 82!J j" undt' l'sIHIl(llI h l('. a,. i:- the proximil," ill An (i61. .\ ,.imihH in,.1 11 11("(' tni)!h t be offl,t'ed ill tlte A c :-l' I'i(''': dt'i.dillg \lith 111('1 1. whidl if III' IUI\,\' 1111 IJ I' 1I('111'I,\' nW':1 l:OIll­

pri:-,''': HillE' \( 'XI,.., I't' whidl s ix han' 'I'.\' s prl':-PI'I'('cI, . \11 tlw T :\s /11'1' major t'('ntl' I'S, /'il'('

1'1'0111 III ', tltl' :- i xth Ir -llli -Ii-jo, .Again. a . ..:.,,:ullli l ll-( l\l' 111I"\' IW1.Il'ly Hlltlw t"hl('I", it is 1('111 1)­

tillg 10 1<1'(' t hi:- Il:- II l i ..:1 inl! ,If 1II'+lr-mi-li-ju. T!te plal1:-ibitil,l' of ..; lI vh II I'ollf'nioll is rai"ed in Illy mind f),\' .\ lahl'l I.HII/i" ret'Cllt

di..;\'u-<,;iol1 of tilt, o-ka 1III1IPI,;. ill \\'hidl s h(' ,..; u,!!I!l'..:h I'lal'illg All 519 illl1ll('(lillll'ly h{'i(lr(' .-\11 661 .111\1:-< 1110l't' ('ITt'I, ti n>l,\' I!l'Ouping 11ll' It 'rlll:-< Ih clt n l .. o 1I 1'pt'In' 1m en:J (Tahlt· :~) ,\I.

I f I he ,,-l'a I II I ,I t.'1 SHIV onie!'(·d in t ha t wily. t hl'1I t Itl' Ii 1':.1 idt'I11 ifill hll ' T.\' of I lIP III-' a IllOIl,!! Illt' lIl \\Ot1l<l 11(, fI h ·j'( 11'(1. (jth of thl' !J HI' T.\',;. i\lId l!t(' IHJ (1I 1ld :.1111 ion) of tlH" (jlh o-ko. \\!tilt, Ih(' Il'nlh /I-ko IIQ \\oll]d 1)(> a l /i -lIIi-/r'-(f-kf -i. It' nth in the :--tllndard li ,;1 on

JIl 829. \r(' Illigllt . Ilwl't'fill·('. pI'Opo:--f' Ihat Ilwl"l' \\ottl!!, ill fad , ltaH' het'll all u-ka for I'<\th of Ill(' 11l1lj(J1' di,.:tl'it·I:.. bill 1 hat 111(' major '1' :\ \\ou ld ollly appeal' wht'll thl' majol' :-('11 1('1111'111 il delloll'd I't'li ('il lt t'l" Oil tlIP ('on,,1 0 1' il l II "ullah le fluilll (']0,,(, to it. It ,.:hould

nol ... ul·])1·i:--(' \I:. gn'al Iy 1(, :--I'f' l'/I Ji(l -ri-.~i:jo ml'1l IJl:'ing (I. ... ed ill O-hf 11 (= /Ilf-io-po). and II/r-/a-J,i-j" 111t'11 ill o-ka III (= }JP-If) - IIO). I'i nn' Illp,..t' \lou ltllj(' ad jllt'pnl an'a:.. \rhal Illlly :-('('m 111 0 1'1' I'rohk,ttlalil' is 1]1(' appa l'1'1l1 omi"..;iOIl or ri-';IJ. n,;,;l1l1lil1g it. .. namt' ht'al'~ :-0111(' t'{, llllilJlI to it :- lopogn'pltit, s ituation. Hilt tht> omi. .. ",iot\ I'; ," lll'pri:--ing, ill wl1at('\'(·1' ol'dt'r

Ollt' plill '/''': llw dot·lIt1ll'llt..:. The "igni ti t'lI111 fattol' Ilia,\' 111,11 11(' IllIlt ka rlf -(/f) ·m i,.. not an (,-krl IIQ . 1,ut 1\ , .. tlltioll.

Til l' n1,()\ '(, <1;:-<('11"";1)]1 n,i"t,,, tl\(' po:-,;iIJility Ihnt 01111 '" II id(':--]lI '('lId ad;\'itie,.. mi!!l1t in faet !tn\'I' 11\'( '11 orgallized l\e("I)l'dillg' to Ih l' Illnjul' gl'( 'l1pi ll).(:' illtn tilt, II ami the j' 8. 111 Ihi :. l'onll'xl. we mi g h t lIok the pl1zzling di"l'oniillltit.\' 11111(11).( l ilt' ,In hronze ;"mith IHhl(, t :. . • J1I829 Hnd till' i\Ia (and Xu ) It';'.t:- w ith 1'.\('lIlption,.fi.l1' ko 1.-1 If'/', If all t\istriet" ('HI ' 1)(' l'Hllt·d 11111,11 ttl prOcltl<.·l" brullze by the pala('t'. 1111,1' thl 1\1' lIut 111\\'(' l'(' I·llrc! ,. orln'on ­l.t'-llorkinl! in (II( cli 1<tl ·i(·t .. ~ T ab le I :::-110\\'" thill all HI' 'I' .\':. l' llj l,y 1'.\l'mplioJ\'; for iJronz(' OIl lilt' :\Ia Il\hl/'l:., ('.\1'('1'1 /I -k(-/,(-w/I {a U t''' Il'd ill I Itt' In ,.(,I'i(''') Il nti ko · ra ·do-ro (nol at­,('"let! in .Ju ), It l 1"1'. 1111'('(' T .\',; haw :'Ila t'.\l'l11plioll,., \1 hill' n liHirth i:. Il tt('"I l'd in the In

1I \'IU~'fo"1 h PH. \ I' 11 ;1'''''I1~'m (l!I!):' l! 194) inh'n~il'\' ~lIn,'.\' P1'Oj.T' tI""IIIl1"111 ill~ I III' hi~I')I',\ (,r -{'u-1"111"111 from \'udi,"\ lilllh to Ih"lillt' H),h l'~Il1UI',\' Iljlhil1 n :>;" , \.;In ~ 1I1~'li 1"II1('n,1 untili' ",,"'·<lII .. ,ll'alal·l:

"f :\(""'" HIIII \'nrri,11 ''''' lUull'I' lIlt' fltI'pie(" (,f ,h., . .\,m,,·it'flll I"du,ol of ('lu ... ,i,·,,1 :-, utii", ill .\IIll'Il". II it h th(' 11t'1·mi ..... ,iull "f till' (: 1'11·1; ' l illi" r,l of( 'lilt 111'('. und"I' IIII' imm.'IIIHto' '111'1,,\'1';011 (If lIlt' ,'h Ef.",:i1l of 1'1'\'-

11I_loril'lIlId ('tu ... ~i,·ul ,\11I11,lIili('" lit 01,1'1111'101. FUlltiill,i! \lU .. l"'l)\i,"'d 1,,1 )!ntlll' fr"m 11i(· ;\u,innlll I':ndnll -1I1t'1I1 f"r till' 11 lIlI1l1l1il i,·~ (HI ) :!:! I II -!):! : I{ to; -:'h I 'II-!J.; ]. ,111' ;\ nl ""'" I (;""j!l'fI phi,· ~Ht·jpl.' (4 , !'1ft 111; .-"~ '4 !I;I: ;,:,:!, !14). tilt' [II,_ tillll.' f,1I' .\t'Ut'ali l'n: hi~I')r.l . Hn<\I,riIUII' 11.111'11'''. s..~, 11']\\ ,I 1 •. 1)\ \1 .:' .11,. S(lIIt/!I 1'!lI,,,.. .

. 1" .11'('1,(11 ,,/I"J;('U/ lli~liIr!l [rlllll S. ,{"I' 1<1 Sr'!'(lrim, ( I !l!J~) ,

;! ('. W ,"III-; I .II~:t(lIIXE, " Xidl()l'ill in ('('11,,'\1: .\ .\lnj,,1' '\'''\111 ill 1Ih' 1'.110< l\ill)!dl!lIl ', . \.1.1 S.; (lnSI ), f! :1111 :!;.: ":J''''''',,'i'''l~ III Sirli(>ria i" .... ('ul/W'I~/(r" (:rffN, r ,,/rlll'( II. '1'/., Nrlm:' . Iy' Or(,lIjloli(J1I {\\ '. A .

. \It 1)1'.\\1.1' 8: X, (', \\"11.t..IE, I"\.. Iml:'). p. ,liij 1i'7 • . \,1 L'IIII"~"~ IH:~" I':'I'r null" in I'TT!od I"" .. AI' 1:!7:! i ~ in fud lit,· l'i)!111 1'>1.1 IOf ,\ c 127:1 , " .\! 1. \\':, " TIi .. ok" Tahl"I~ .\j.!aill" "-(I(IIII',~:!H ( 1!f!II~ ). 1'.1:>:1 ;,!.-" I II" 11,,1, 1111\11"1'1'. 1'"11",, l.all).1 in

1'I"'l'Ill'I'ill).! ,1>('" kll 1" " rull "m " fl'l,m Iht' t(,llll' I' a l I',I'I,,~ til"" I" Ih .. 1\01'1h , ,ll('tll" 1 Ill' ~omh.

1-12 ,1"lIn Ik llllt'l

~l' I ' I l':< (I -1'0). 'I'hl:' 11l11ld)l' I' uf ".c-pamte '1':\ :-: Hlt t.":-;Il"d in tilt" ,I II ~ lnilh \(.;.:1;;; j...; Hi. w!Jilt, :!. IlIhl(·", (In 410 and 41:3) 1111\'(' no pI'l':-el"\"l,d '1':\ . Thi~ li,l!un-' j:o; nltl·IH'li\·e l.," do:o;(' 10 Ih (' to l ll i IlUlllhe l' of di :-: ll·id:-:. if \If' lilke ti l(' FP ,1:-: 1,(' i1l~ N (1\"'; it i:-: ill -'Ia ). We might Ih(-I"t' · f()l"(' hll \'{' l"{'{'ord", fOl" '1' :\ :- HI \\ hid} hl"01Ii'.l' Wit...; \\orke-d in (II/ d i...;II'id". bu t in mo~t (:U,..(''''; not <ll'IU II II.,· al lilt, di ~Il"i<:\ l·<ll'il "l. lH'('Ollntill,!! ror llll' ;,.U h,..\ Hll li ll l non-O\·l' ri I.lP 01' '1' :\:<. in lma:h the "n nw Ilay 11 ". the u- ka lahlr 'l:< I11 n.,- hUH' fu m·,io lwd .

() 11 t he I )il:-i :< I If I III' nl '0\'(- ('olli'iidel"ll I inn:-;. I 1 h in k IV!' l'1ln 1\ qLI1t' I ha t t hl' 1"111 innlll l' fl,r ,I ll' !ixl·d order li :<l. ... l\i ll1 ill ,he P.,·lo ...; lIn·hin' i·~ !,!eogrnphil 'n l wit hin iJuth HI' nnd I'P. !'tIl he r' tha1l I!{'ing n nllill er u f fi .... ("Il] l·oll\·('tlit·lIl·l'. Ho\\{·\·l' I'. I wuu ld IIOIt' hIll furthl' r' pni llt ~. Fir"t. Iht' Ifl(·t Ihat Ih e- ordt'l' ill JlP dllc ... l'omhi lw till' '1':-\ ",. intn fi.";(·HI ,!!TOll P", ill1pl k·,.. th a t the...;t.·1! rotl ping,.. Ihe 1Jl ... eh-l'''' tIluy han' SO IllC n 'lll -\\odd ;;:if[nifi l"l.Ill t"(.'. ~l't:nlld .

I Ill' "tt'lln~ t"OTl1lC't·tiOIl ,.. of l i-mi- Io-a-kll 'I ith I lw "{'nd" of til l' 1-11' li .. 1 impl i ('~ f("l'og nlplli ­('111 pl'Oxirn ity a l1d . on Ih(' I"l ~ i ~ of tilt, o-l'(I lal,le t :o; . p~rh tll' ''' H ~('I1H ' ill II'hi<: h it \\'U,.. (·I(J:':l' I.\· lin].;t.'d to till' I-I P. Tll i ~ ob~eITa t io n . luo. mil." haw :<ignifitn nt· t' for th~ r~al w()rld vf llll:' polily and 1<,,1' il ~ Iti ...;1nr1L-nI d t' \·t:I (lllll lt' It1 .

THE ( 'O:\THIBlTIO" OF , \ IH' ll ~\EOLO(:I(,, \1. llATA (1'1(: . 4),"'

T he Ii,· ... t poil ll I \\O\l ld like- 10 ...;l1·C",; ... i,..l hl1t tl .t: Li,lt'llr H l'\' idt' Il<'t:' H~ \\'1:' lUI\'(' it l,t, IIHl¥" 10 Ihl' n·.·," hl:-; I yplH ' Il f 'he I'y lo,.; poli l .\· and t lll' re i.." 110 l irll t,-dl'pth in thc d l)e Ull\l:'llt ...; a~ lIt' 11111'(' them df.'('pt." , !hUll " ];\ ;;; 1 -,"1'11 .":<"' 011 II h,lndflll of I(·xt ..... T he di,· i~jon of Ihe poli­ty illlo .. thi ~-~ id(' -of ... IIl1d " !)t'yon d-Aignk"I1 " flwl the' ~ llIJdh' i:-;i (On of e(l (·h of Ih('~l' ,,(,( ..

\ OI'~ i 1\ I () ,'e lll l in· l.'" fixl'1 I ,.; u II-d i .... 1 rid .... \\"ll~ l'~ 1 a hli ~ hcd hy I] It· I i 1111:' of thl' dO('1 I 1111'11 I s. But fO l' ho\\' 10111!! If BIt'w'n ·,.; da lin!! i:-. ("U l'l"('(·1. 111('11 the p(llllt(· o n EII~d ia no$ \I'll:': dl':< II'oy('d Ifl lp ill L H I II B {jli'rh fl l'~ ('11. 1200 B('). II ,..1'(' 1\1 ,.; to IUl\"(' 11('(' 11 ('{iTl ~ II' l1 t'led {',..... .. (·Illiall ." in I hl' form in whieh it i,.; no\\' !)I'6l"'\'l'd at I he- h{'ginning IJ f I hHt Il l"l'iult.'ologiell l "hll,..(' : i.t'. ]It.' I·hll ]l'' l OtI ."('11 1' ''' ]l1"iOI' In it :-o: (](,,:; t I·LIt·! ioll. -I :1 ,t!l.:'nera I iUIl :O;. \ \' i I hill t ha t ti lil t· pt' l·iod. the 1'II1<1 1.:t, d id . 1)1" l·Ollt·"l'. l"h<lllgl' .."O nl t.' \1 hlll '~'. B,' fi lre L H III B 11\('1"1' d oei'i :st.'t:' 1Il 10 hll\'t· 1'{'1'1l a 1Il01lUlllt'nlal ,"'1 r'lIl"t lll 'l' on th l..' palul'{' :-; il ('. and t hc re 111'(' j"('ll1ain'" of Lin t'nl' B Inhlt'b pOl'l'ihl." from thi:-; ph /I:-P'-,7. The irnplil"rt !i()n llf lllt' ~1.:' o b"t.'I"\·ll lill1l.'I i,.; that \I 'C t"1l1l »11 1' 11 till' ('X i,,1 l' lll't' of a pnluct' ill t Iw ,\1 Y('PIUl('1l1l 1'(' IlH' . i n(·III(\i ng ad III ill is l I"tl Ii "e a(·t i,' it ." hu("k II' Ilw 1. 111 11:\. ]>cri(x l. ]><." "' 111 p~ ::W(l .W(I I'~ II(' /()I"e I Ill' del' ll 'Uti j,)! 1 of t h(' linn] pH lil li:' 11\ I·: ng lill no".

J htH'e argul'd thut Ih(' pa ln('(" o n th t' I-: llg li l.l nl),.; ridge' (';\ palldt 'd it~ c(}lltl'o ll() ilH'ludl' ll1u('h of th{' a rl'il '\t',, 1 o f Aiga leon ht'fi)I'(' l' ,\. If'lldin g its t(,1"I"iI01 ',\' f'll~ t wanl tv till' .\ I('" .. e­n inn ,· alle."'-'~. w h t"]"(, il lllll y han' ill('orpl )! 'alf'd an alrelldY-l'x t ll ll l polit.'" perhap" ha ... ed

.... ~mw or lit,· ... · IltoU\!ltt~ \\t'I"(' P I,,~(,Ilt("(1 ill nil "ul"lltr pnp"r: B E\\~:I' (,.hun·. II. :1', ), p. :i:-\";" {jtl:!

.r; ,J ('. \\·I:l1.IIT.·(' hflll~"~ ill Fum} nntl F UIlt"linll \lrlll{' Pnlnef· at P.I I(I~" I'!lf,,.. ( 'Qmn. l /il·' IJ In :.'1"1

(' W. SIl~: •• )IEItIlI"\"E. ".\rdlilt,(·turnl ("1t1l11!-!1' !lnd EI·"nIHni! ' Ik.-linL'!l1 1'.\ 11)"". srlfdip. ( '/JadJl"ir( p . .-,.j-;- t;..; 1; :\ lvllumC" lItlll ~r rtl l"l un '; 1-\ . K 11.1 .\:>; ... I. ·lIn·hi,,·f' l llI1' tlp~ J"t"~itl~' 11 1~'~ Jlly\'t'IHI'mw~; llI'i~i rH' ('1 \"'I;It'n~ rtlrl

d'lIIl1' ~ll"trl"lur"{' dll pOIl\"il' polilitpl'· I>l·mlalll I"il!-!,' il u l,nll lZ\ ' ri·,ot·nl ··. I.f "!lA/i JIII' ,,,IIali(11 ./J O,.i/III.' JJ '," ri rr 1/ ri /('j/JIr . . t .· /I .... rill ( '(If/II'IIrr dr srro.,o,!rrffj. I!J "!"! jllill m ,\ ·j (E . 1. 1:\ \ . \'11. . I\JSi) . p. :tll!J . li J.! . . i ; l. in t'll l" 1-1

In l ,It'I~ : T . (;. P\l~\ r\1 I. J-: I itl" Il("t, fur t ltt 1(\11IWll(1' l, f , llt" l-\ uo>"iull (: m !,lI i,' T,~.di l i{, u HI 1'.\ I{I~ " ('om'ili

I'''' 1-..';"111 .\'n ( 1 !J~:l l. I' ~o ~ .. . I IHl"I"(·~li llf.d.\ t hi~ 1I11plit"" -<orne l"II'nin~ in 1.1-1111.--\ tll pl"(·~r·("\., luhlN _ Do,'" tl,i~ imply n rl"'"' II \'ri'lil 111 Ih(' t illl(' (s iJ.!ui(1'i1l1.! It doll'lll IH)\\\' " "hif. ') " I' IIH" I"('I.\ fill£' O( ti lt" IU-I"1, it-n' Inl fil~'~ thaI mu~1 1111\"\' bl-('Il l'ommOIl in "illil urw;.--m ,'uhurt''''''

... I l'IIl]l l uL~iz(' Ih,· 1'1,'11 r I .. (·at ilOllal JI,h'U IlIIIJ;!I" ('( Ilw "itt, . • il unlt',1 ,III 011\' (.r til{' rid~,'.~ "\tl·l]flill.'f nor 111l'Iht ~()utll\I{'~1 11"0 111 til(' . \ i,l!"INm mll)!I'. \\ith "~I'dl(,llt \'i('w~ lu llll' '·'Ia ... t.llimt·ull npIJrt"ldlt'~ ".\ lund I'X'"('pl !lIon!! tlu' line 'Ir th,' l" id7". lind illll"\J"IJllltl.\ It hwu ti"l1 \'i~i "l p rnJlIl !ll11l1~' point~ IlnJun,1 in 1111 din',·, illll~.

on IIH' pllll'\' ktlOllt\ In l. itH'lu· B a" n-It-ko-IIJ-/·f/. Thill lIlt' pulut't ' :-0111' i...: I hI..' 11)(,lIlioli rl'Olll

\\hi(,11 Ihi" IIn'a IIU" l'ulllrolletl i .. :-o1l·oll).!I.\' :-oUl!1!l'"h'd IJ.I Ihl' 11'1'111 .. di:-ol·u .... l'< l lt lJon' f!f - II" -/"(} (/ k'J-m ijfl IIml pi m -u .-kf)·m -i-jo l\hit·1! illlpl~ n " lI1t'nllll" ' mlll' IIII-..(·d on tIlt' Eut!linnu .. "il(' .. \ ('nu-ial point ill Ihi .. 1"t'1'(HI"' II' lIetitltl il" IIII' ...:llI lu ... of I Ill' an'hllt'olo~i cal

"Ih' of :\il'hurin ( Ii -III i -If} (f ko). I h"I"(' .... U1!}!I,,,Il'd 111)1)\'(' thllt tlll'l"t, mil." hun' hl'I'1l (" 10"'1' lillk" h('III('t'llli 1I11', lfI-fl - l'O II lid I Iw l1i l1(' di"lri eH n f llw II I', ... m·h I hal a /!1'OIlP of 10 II l i~hl

hllW (,!.;i,.\(·d HI :-oOUlt· pHint. On Ihe- Im,.i" of IIIl' l ·t·I"t'1l1 full pulJli('UliulI uf I Ill' ... ilv .... I "U).!1!l''':T I·d t hlt t I lit' d i .. t·(1111 i I1UIl I iOl I of T hI..' 1Il('~a rnn II I I hI' I'od of 1.11 111,,\ I a 1\<1 TIll' I'on­"ll"ul"litlll 1,1'1\ IH'I\ lh"I" .. l llIll l, a 1"1.11 '1'1'1'1' 111 tIt l ilt" t illl( ' ill .\I(,,."l· lIi ll lit Ih t, I,t·/!innill ,l.( uflhe I. IIIII _\:! phll-"('. righ l 10.1' I hI..' 1\(':-011;'1'11 l'tI,!!\' of the ~i t \, . midi! imply II t hllll).!f:' of IIUlhOl'il,l1l1 :\il·hw·ill . off(·,·i n).! two po .. ,.i IJ iliti l'" ti' l· thi ... 1" \( ' t'lInllllllllority: 1'.1 10:-001' n

111'111'''.'' 1,' 1' l·t' IIIt ·I". IU't' ... ultllllJl.r Lili tH !" B L('ukt ,"m. II it h II Inild pn,t't·l't'tIl'l' 1'01' t ht' la tt el'. [ Ilotilt l 111 )1\' l't'I' ;"i' thlll l"t'I'lltl:-olrul"liun ( I;;g, .1 ). itl tht· till lit III' lIl t· l'lo"l' l il1k~ ht-I II't't' lI Ii m;-f()-(/ lor, ulH I Ihl' I II ' lIillt·, III1tI ~u~!"!.!t':-ot Ihal il t'lI ttle in ln 1'.1 linll \'011 11'01 ill 1.1[ II IA:!, III II hit'h poinl il ll1i~ht han- 1'('('11 linked by road In lilt' an'n :-onul Itt'It"1 of tlw Ilulft{1;' of X('''IIII~ ''. III 1.11111 B. I ft C' ('oll",tl'udio ll of I he tinal pa ]IH'l' wo uld prohahly n'p t'c"I'ttl I he

filml "'lit)..!l· 1 II I Ill' t" pan"illll 1)1" I I If' 1'.1'1",. pol i ty. pl"l'~11 IIln I,ly I"t·/ll'd ill ).! tIlt' i rH" H"pora I ion of jiI -m . l'o ((I -;-jo. If om' 1IIIIlted II) prt'~'" III(' point. ,h" "'1l\tionin1!" of 1111 rJ-~'{J i.H

II lIIi -I,, -(I hI lIli ).!1t1 l't'i1('d il ... lon~-tt' I' m ('Ullllt·l·tinn .... und I't,t'hlll' '' 11101'( ' l'(' lillhl(· ..:Iatl!": Ilith tI ll' 1-:11).!lia no..: il dlllin i~IJ'!Iliull. Om' ('oul d al:-Oll hig hl h.dll lht, pltH'I '- lUlIlll' II IWII Oll t' lit tilt' lim,· of itll'olvoratitHl! if Huip? I'(>z ' "lIj!!!",.liulI i-.l 1'(IITed : eE~UTTO~ ay-/.Ot;. '( molllll a in) ,! • .d('11 of 'he rmnl i," ;":' ,

OIl(' illlpol'l anl iUl pli('Ulioli of til{' uhol'(' n'('Im"" 'udioll i:-o th ai lilt· illl'orpo l'tllil)n of

thl' F I' i ... likt·l.1 10 linn' 1,(>('11 tI reia ti n'l.I' ' -1'(:(.' 111 hi ,.: lol'i('1\1 {'I'I'1I 1 II I l Ilt' 111111' "fOlll' do('u ­Hlt'IIt.... mayt)I':~ I ~1'nt' l·ation .. in the I'll ... !. ,\lWI'I'1I"': lil''' tW!I\t 'I'n i-: 1I1.diallo'" ,,1111 I hI..' F P nint, lIIighl hUH' 1;('1'11 ,·,.lalrli .. !t('(1 tIl it ... , a .. 101110( a~o. I \\ondt'I' iflhi .. i" nol l't'flt'l'h,<1 in tlw "('Inlin- lI TH-t' I·lllinl.\' in lil t, li",lin~ of lilt' F I'. Tilt, ~I a t il!.; ).!1·IlIIJ1in).!;:-o 1I1't' not l't'flt-r-tt'(l ill 111(' "~ I nll da l'l l " ordt'l' 1111 .111 829. \Ihil(' t hl' \lrd!'r of F I' '1':\ ,.: on 011 :100 lITHI \ ' It 493 ii'l llHI ('oll .. i...:t 1'111 t'i1 ht'I ', :-\i!Hi III d., . of I h,' ni Il l..' nHIlW,.! 1\(' hu I{' I )1'('''t'I'I'{.t! Ii II ' FP d i:-ol riel ('('11-

It'I'i'l. 0111,' ( "", .WI 1/1/1 - ro. ('- m I( - l'"/-{/'(I and I;-II/i 10 (I -l-" 1I1't. 11,,1 UPI'II I·I· "II.\'" fi, n m·d II'i th UII -i-jrl Ill' -f'· O'i )11 suffi.-..: :II! m -II -m -I;){( (~ \\'il1t i1 i'l lTIl I i' l" 1'1 'l' lIlIp" tli,..:1 ill).!uii'llH'd i'l l' l'(' iti ­~,ltll,l ili'l jJl/ -m HI I/ · /'(/ ·Ii-jo). fI -xi-joli-j(/. ::(1-/11(1 ' -II';-jll. a I, -rr-- wij" !Lml (-, .. (1 n -/I'i-ja. Tlti" i..: ill :-0 1 11 I"k ('1 III Im:--I 10 I ht' H P T :\". , \ n ' I h(':-ol' '1':\ :-: 1)('1'1111 1''': 111'1 itit·ill II .,'-('oint" I tli ... , l'i l' l 1H1111t''': ('1'1 '11 ll'd I \I tll'''('''; Ir(· I hI' d i:-o I,·jl'1,.. of I he mil jill' ('('nl f'1'1'I t'1\..:1 01' .. \ ig-nleoll int'(Wp0l'll -1I'd into lIlt, 1'."10:-: polity! .\lId is tht, fi)lI l'fold di l'i:-oill ll ill in h l!';ll l jOI1 /.( 1'0111''': pl'rhllp:-: illlpo­... 1'(1 011 til(' 1111 "i:-: 1)1' li lt, IOIl).!-(''''1 nlili .. llt'd ~!'>.-..('II ' ill 11 ,1 gt'01! I'U phit·,, 1 Iii \. ;"ion tlf II P ! .-\ nd , finally. i"'lht, hll')!(' I' a,.N.,· ...... Ult-1l1 011 Iht' FP Ix,l'ha" .... Ull {"ploitalin' I,,· pUllilin' lIlf'll:--lII'(',

l'lltlwr tlulII IIH' I·{'I.I U I't'fll'dioll of ,ht· 1tn).!l'l' IUlltilHt'U 01' pl'odw·lin· ta pal·il.1 of F I' ~

'1'111'''1.' 111'1' tI i flil'lIl l <jUl·..:1 ion ... I U llll .... II(· I· ('n tt'~(H'" i j'!l 1l y . hUI li lt' Ot' ''l' ITII I iOIl of tht, !'"I·ln I in,,1 y .. hOI·1 tilllt' Ihut lilt' I-'P had I}rt' ll illl·OI'jlOl'l.lIed . 1111,,1..'(1 011 illl' "'·t'hllt·()ltJ~il·l\1 ,;(·quelU'(·. I't· r!U\p .... lt·lIIl" :--t)ll1t' :-OIlPPOI" fol' an an"\\(' I' in Iht· affil'lllalil{· .

.-\ poi 11 1 I ha t 11111.1 \\(' 11 t,(, 1't·lt>I·,lIl! h(·I'{' i .. tIll' 1111 III ht'1' of T :\:-o IIlt' II 1 iom'" in tlU' I\I'(·hi­

\"I', Tin' 1 II I '~I' IIUlI1h( , ,' PI'OPOI'litlllll! to th(' likel~- 111"'1\ ofl lll' 1'.110 .... Jlolil.l :-o u '!!J~f'''t..: II mol't'

" .\1,"11'. n ;It . 1'. ';Iiti Ii'; (t'1"<·tli't·ll ,u (' \\. :-> I1I'III1O'l"lllIIt'l to, \\'" , \ \1' J), 1\ 11.1, .( h ,·dUIIII ( ',mlltlutlil" 11 i(lll~ in (:n'("-(' IJllrin)l 1.11 I I I \\'i. II :'ll('dal Hr-rI"'I'n~"t' In

N'II' h\\ 1' .. 1 I ', ·I"I"lrl11t· .... ' ., .\1 .... H. 11'f:ll.:Z.

p, 1.,,:1.

II IfIY~/'ff/lf1 " IA{'>(/'II(I", p. :!], -1t1 :\Olb "" ",II'{'IIlI{'HII loll/I(l IJ 'I"""I'1Il 111111 t.111'~',"'k i:rn111l).! ·' • .I/w'N<.j ( lfI;,'; ),

..., .\ 1'''1111 HUH'" I • .' \l1 '11·IUI. d ' .\1 ~ , Hl·,,'Eln:z &.J. t. \l EI.E;" I I,(,~ ',''' ;'!1').< .I/in lI;r'J.< ( lH'.~I). I' . II;,. W,·

IIlIl!h. HI"" n"I.· Ihn. 1111 ..... , T :-': .. nfll f',nm-(I \1 !lit I two«' ,.uffix"~ 11\,1'1'/1 1' 1(, In' '" 1110 ' \\,'_1 1"1,,'"" ..... 11.111(' ' II'

I·" .Iuhn B"IIII,,!

i I IIi tllil tP i n\'fJ I H"II1(' n 1 II i 1 II i-{'t 1 I(' ! Ill' tl I" n·la I i n·I," JI 1\\ I tl till' ...;('1 ti(' lll(' I II II ie I'll I'l' h y, It 111 i­k(" !Ill,' ,;illtHlion fin ('n- t f'. Im,.,l,d on 111\- 1\110,.,.0'; uI"I'hin·,,1. ,\ l"£'a"';(l1I tiw t h (' ttlot'£' inti ­mutt' im'oJI'~'lllt'nt Illig:ht !)r t hat 111(,)"(, hHd 1/('("11 k'~" titlll' lilt , H ,,~ttll'l1l(' n t ll i('n11'l:h," II) 1I1"\"('lop in .' Il'...;,;('nia . lllllik(' on C'rl'l('. 'Iitt"tl' it ,.t·('m,; I\ no..;·.;o...; an inlru,.iv(' t't' lIlt' I)M~

II,.,, ', I an ('" i,.,1 i 11~ h il' I'n rl'll," of "it p" 10 mn tllI~(' i I ,. I ('ITi luI',\', TIll' P."lo,. .... .""Iettl mi,!!'llt h,\\'(' ('ndn' tJ tnort' ori!<1llil'/dly. al Ir'n,.1 i l l tilt' Ill'. T lli.; llliflhl not ha\'(' lw('tI ~fI fo t, the FI', lind flIlt.' \\lIllIler,.; ifthi:-- i"nol t'l'fll'('H'd inlhl' I"plntin' ]Jt'()]lo l' tion .... (lf T :\,.; 1I",.;i).!lIHblf' to I'*'h p l'o\' int.'t': :-:aint'I', Ii)!' l'XllIllpll', a,. ... i,!!l l,., H:J to II I ', hut 011 1." Itt hI [0'1" "". T hi ...... t·t·m .... 11

It' lli tl).! "lali"liL'. )Jt·I'hltp'" r('flpl'lirl,!! nIl'"'' dirl't t ilH'ol"f'tnf'1l1 ill lilt' FP (l'-'('('Pl Ilt' l'hll]J,;

nl'olll ltlli- l/Ii -/I)-u-I .. ()~), hul. to put il ill IJl"I· ... p{'vlin'. Wl' "lto ldd retnPltlhl' 1' that l'I' {'n tl1l' I:I:{ a"'''i,!!lll'd 'i' :\,,, ill l'lIinpr-...; itldpx It'o \·t' on,'l' I(Ht not ""...;igl1t:'d to ('itht:' I' jl]'(win(,l',

()nE' (ltht'I' poinl t't',I!al'(lill~ F P IlCltIH'Ilt'latut'(·, I t ha...; II(-'('n :,- u1!J.!t·~ I('d thill Ihl' '1' :'\ /'f-I/ - /;'O-/o-/'f) (d{" I I'I,I' ill F l' ,HI lilt' hn:-:i~ of lil t:' Au and Ad 1'('('ot'(I:-;) lila," refl'r lolhl' FI I

pt"lll' int'iall'lIpi t al. Tlw in('[u." iorl of a /"1'/1 !.'v-h)-!"I) tit) l\1 a 225 ('I.\tI1l1l1 dl"linilil'l, I,I' t't'i'UII'

"uth II :su~gt,,., tioll. 111111 onl' l'uuld e ithcl' po"it ilIlOlht.'I' hOIll{1I1~' llli(' 'J':\ 01' 1"'l'hll,,'" ,;till1\'

"pl'l'iull'ctl"'UII \\"h~' II\{' F P ('l.l pitnl " Iwult! han' link.; wi t h tltl' fllt,lll(· .... t tlol'l11 li P T V"',

I I i:-: in t l'i~11itl~ to :--p('('11late wl l<.'t'e fhi . .; FP IA'ul,trlltl 11li1!l1t hn,'e bt.'I,t1 :-:itlwtl,d, IJut , ifit li('''; in Ill(' "uulhea"tt'I'll f[uadl'lI111 of I ill' .\ I (-:-;:-;('lIi1ln \'alley, Iht'n '-\ilil (' ia /,,:lIil/il.'(I m il:!!11 1)(, II likl:'l.,' 1I I"l,lul('oI0,Lr il'i.ll t'quinwmt. I f :-0_ it i ~ 1I00'I il 1IIlIing thaI til(> cii .... tl'i(.'t of m-/(-I'O -fi -jfl i" l(jt'illl'd titPI'{'. with il " "olher" 1'.1'10 . .;. O nl' lIondl'l '.'; if Ihe tlUtlW jJll-/'f)

m - II m-/i-jo ,,1\,. I\ot ('oilwd 10 dt>:-;crill{' the pllt(,t> thnl ril itilll'd Iht' "nllll' fUIl('lioll'; " 1"',lol1tl-, \i}!ll leon " II"'; till' jJlI-m ·-thi,,-...;irlp -of -. \iglllt>on ". I n li1\-u l' Ill' thi:- mighl be Ih(, h\{,t that m - ll -ra-fi-jo " IOl1e f;)I' lI1 s il Ill;" IInil. a" !I lK' .... J)(-/O-1I0, till' III' '1' :\ IIP;..t i l l l i ~1

Ilnle t' 10 jJff -ki-jfl - II f', \Ih i(" h WI' H:-::-:(JIlW to he l'lo~(' 10 till' n'ntf' I' of liP. t il l' palan' ot' :\' ('1'> t III", T h i .... hypo! he ... i" \\'011 III i tl\'oln· "ugl-!t'"t inl! t ill! t t l lf" pn 111('(' of :\('''';101' ild lin 11 y :-:1 ootl in 11](> 1I-I"1'i I01'Y of JIf " }-no, ilnd Ihal /lfl ki-ja -II ( IIn~ 11u- ,, ([jlll'(-Ill t{'rritory fill' Iltp pal'­alkli~m to WllI"k, ,-\ fUI ' l lw l' 1II'I) IJII'lll i" Ihut /In -I'O m-tl -t(l -/i -jo do('~ "PPt'Il I' f)t) (lll l ' of tIll' [0'1' Ad l't'l'tl1'i!" (Ad ()64 ) , wlwt'(, /'('- II -ko-IIJ -/"f) i" 111mt· l'OJ1ltllljll (Ad 2!)O, 326_ 668. 669 1111<1

308, p i li": lill' l1li .. ...;inj! dl}t-ulllt'1t1 ('O I't'(,,.potH l in~ 10 Aa 89 ). 1\ hil,h \\'ould ""Ul!f!I'..;1 Llnll'~"

Ii i" a ,. Iip of Ih(' ...;(, t'ilw (Hand :!:~ ) Ihllt n-II /.-fJ-/O-ffJ and jJll -/'("} \\l'l'(" cli"lillt'l ~ettll'­III t, 111 ,,';; .

T ltal jJ' ' f/-l/O Iw .... II1l' lal':,!(·,.,1 !-IP 1I"'''l',;'' l11l'lll i...; intl'r(·.;lillg. t'1'>IW('illll," i l l l i}!htl)flir(' lill" thaI il Ht'luall,l' tn'elll'". illrl't"<fu('I1II,' 011 lilt' doeutnt'I1I", (lnl~-, in liwt , in 1l"'''l'",'''rllt'1l1 dOl'Ulllent" (CIl 608"i: Vn 19,:1: \'11 20,,-): ,In 829,ti : i\la 120, 1: Ac 127:,)10'), On(' 1I\ltl([PI',. if t i lt· I"l'U:-:IHl rOI ' lit i . .; 11l i,!!hl not bt' IllHt mntl." of till' illlJ!odnn l fU IlOi l l1l." \\,('1"(' fulti lled III

I Itt' P" i;H'(, ('('Ill l' r, \\ h il(' jJi -fo-I/o. lI'il hit 1'> /.-IJ-I"I--,( a nd po-to hI-fi -I' 1\/.1" r('''' I'0I1, .. i 1,1t· .. nit·] ," fill' pl'O,'i din~ lax(' ... fill' thaI 1'('l!ilJtl wilhin \\-iti('h Ih(' pahll'(' ~ ' oI)(L It would not h(' "111'­pl'i"ing til lind tilt' 1'1111(('(' in II 1111'/ . .(1;' t'('g iotl. sil1l't" il" t('l'l'itt)l'," prt'.';IlI11a h ly \\Oltl d hil l'(' het'll ex tt' lI~ il't, (,I'el l Iwliwt' it l'/l IIW to ilU'OI']lOl'II \(' other 11t'1I 1'1I,\' ('(' lIlt'r,;, I 11"011<1(·1' iftlw :-1'1 t lemeltt Ill' jJf-- IIJ-llfJ , only 1 bini in tilt' I I P 1i~I. mi:zhl ill fact li( , ttl the 11000Ih of tIll' [l ll ln{'(' 11 lor I~ , It t.> ('xt ('n';l q' ('11/\,,1111 pia i It II It iell !"II 11" l'.';"l' 1I1 il\ 11,1' lI'i l 1\0111 in tt' I'!'1I p i iOIl ft'orn .,;ollih of <:iu'j:!"alianui li p to F ililllra_ ,\t'I'Il!H'olo)ti(';dly "pl'lIkil lg. 1.1 g:nod el1ndi rl nte \\'o(lld Iw I he "i Il' til' (:ar~H I illl10i Onl i /II '<, Oi l U It 1\\ I'idgl' i til lIledill I t·I,\- .sOllt h "I' t hl' 1.11 tl~(JlInll' -

'" B ~::\\I'~I" (,!I'vI, t" II :1 ... ). p. :,n:, !lIi .

• ,. "" .... , I,"' l·xnUlpll'. ,J IH::\:\ ~~' I, I!"~""'~ ill (',mll'>.:I' (" 'Illpnml !It' I't ' r$p(-di\,'~ nil tht' l,i.lI·u l' B _\dmi ni~lI'nli"ll O)f Ut II 11 1 ('n'Il'" , I ,f,1 !I.' {I!)~JoJ. p I!J:I :!II

~\I"I': I: (1I I,m r_ 0 :!7), .. , I rq!'lnl ! Ill' n'~I"1"1I1 kill "I' r' !I-k'J-io /"IJ 01\ ,\I n 451i.1 li S ul1lik"ly ,

('11\1/1111'" (al>lJl' I' II , :H ), I' .i7 ,i!J,

On \lllidl IIII' uri),!in!!1 hi~h 1II1Inl/{'" ofn)!'n tl lfl ll h(\~ h{"" 11 rnl ........ 1 Ulltl l1'phu, ... 1 \Iilh :!:, n: I.. 111:,\, ;.. .:rr, ,Ill.. -', \ s.,'If'(" ion 1'1 1',\ lo~ 'l'n'oIl'1 'I'('"I~' , .II yklllfl'('" p. 1 :!I;),

d4l:; l'iWI', II hid l PH ,\ I' (Thl' 1',1-10:; Hej!iolllll •. \ rdHIt 'oloj!il'ul I' rojt'(·t) hu:; df' lined ;I" llll ("h'll';iw (:?+ hll.) ",il(' ill Ihl" L H III jlt' I'10d, T id .. would Ipl1\'(' lIHI di"II'i('''' In t ill' 110rth

of l'Uul,ddy ~'quill ",iz(' lIll the IIII ... i .. of thl' n,...--4'''' .. \l1('I1I" perhul''' l'OITI'''pondill!! l'Olu!h-Iy to 111(' F ilialm ( I> li:tl I: Filiali'll . 1 9if).~ llri"/rjfimj"'~) I\IH I K.\·lull·i .... ia II,-.:'a ...

OIU' miJ!h l tll·glll' thaI thi .. i,.. in:;uffi('II-'11l 1('1·I·itul'." Ii)!' till' n':-I ofth" III'. hut I think U 1·()Il\· iIU· illJ! ,'u:-t' "1111 h" mad e. nn Iht' !,n .. i:-< of t ht, IOJloj!rnp hy. fo r l nki n ,!! 1'." l'ari,..:-;ia <1 . __

III\' northl:I'11 hOlindu l',1 of t he Hll. lhl' poinl HI \\hil'h thl' IUlI' lhl'I'1I 1·.,tt' l lI of llw '-\ i~lI­It'tlll nlllJ!l' {·tllllt ' .. do ... " .. t 10 th(· --t'li. From thl' poillt of I·i,·\\ of 11 " "wlllal " map. il i" not diflil'lIh to "Pt' hOI\ " h~'.\'I II 1(I - •. \ iJ!III(·(lI1 " a t t lli .. poin 1 lIliJ.-'h t 1ll('lln I II\' K.l p1l1'i ..... i;l \ · /lllp.I· .

It'llding UII t hrou g: h tht' \ 'lI:-; ililw l'egion in lo I I1\' ~ 1 1\\"I'OZOlll l lt'n" ... 1'1I 1ni ... (\ ... 1'11111'.". 'I'hi:­mij!h r ill fiH'1 J!o "o rtH' \\ay 10 .... ('lllil ll! nn j,,"'IH' tnm· h diM·u ........ (,d Ht 111(' l\iii ('ulllhricig:e ('(llloljuiul1IlJlI .\I ."l't'IUH'un g:eogl'H]lh,\": 11,\111(·1.1, \\ hl:l l1('1' l i lt, " uUl unt! " ' pl il in ~ I l' .... , 'nia

\llh horizonllll til' I',' r til'uI. I n a :'{' I H('. hoth pa rlil'" \\el"l ' \ 'OI'I', 'I' I : the .\iJ!lll£'on nl nJ!l', nUl·

nill~ fr01l\ j u :-t l'a"l I,f K.I· l lI\l'i ... ~ia . \1 it h il " {'x t t' ll .. iIHl Ihl'll llg:h ~ I I" ~ l u ll 11 lnnl _-; u m l 1.,I'ko­d i lilt '" tit-nIH'" I Ill' II I II l11dll 1',1" h('1 II ('t' l I I he I \\"0 1' 1'11\' i III '(''' , j U:- I t· 'l'l lid i Ill-( I Itt' ~ it' h( Il'ia I'p).r1 ,

till. 1111(1 1)(,l'hll]l1'i lht, u!'t 'a UI'()UlHI IlU)(]('1"Il I'l'ta lidi (l"ll'i('111 KOQWVII : ('.I!. ~Iraht) S. I.O) .

I~ '.\" untl .\ i)!u lpOIi Iltltdd 1)(' tIl!' " .I·11<I6" ... ia ;-;(,uliI1111 \"Itllt·y 1'~- .. IC'm 1(lI'lllin~ till' 1101'1 ·

IWI'II hOlltu llll',I' of I hi' II holt, jJtllit y n lid t lIP .\l a\· I·OZOlllll(' IIIJ-l a lid Pam i .. o:-; nl ll(',w. int'lu · dill!! t hi' IIwutll aillo lt ..; II 1'('1\:-; on I Ill' II (,,, I ( II h ll ll li l' l l· .) all d ~kltl . rill H i lt! pl'l'hap" I ht· 1l01'­Ih,' I'1l pa l''''' of I hi' \\\· ... t ... IHln' or t ht, .\I C''''--eniun ( :ulf.

( 'a n 1\1' gil nil." furlllt'r ilillth' lIlpling to n ·fim' Ihp J.!(·tI,!!I·l\phy til' I. im'tll' B '1':'\:. II ilh l't,ft 'l'('llt·t' t tl Ill(' c!i"'II'ihulinll of 1Il'('hnl'olol!il'l1 l "it(,,, and lIl/ill'rial .. ill tltt, I"{'g:ioll ! .\ ... t ri­ki "/! 1(' 11 1 un' of ('1\ d .1' ~ 1 .n·('naeH II .\ h· ... "'t'll in j:-; til(> l'0I1"lt'UI'1 inn of I 111110 ... 1<11ll h",. '1'1 \('11' l'OIl­.. lnn'lioll PI'Ollllh l." 11 1111'1;,,, I ht· I>(·lIll'l' .... ofellrl.1 .\1 ."('('11111 '1111 polilit· .... 1'(' l'h lll' '' l'hif,Ii: lolll,.. if .Iim " 'l'iuhl ',, nnaly .. i ... i,. (·OJ·I·t,(,e', T ht' jlll lllt't' of ;\P"tOl' l'11·1I1'1.,- fOl'ltlt'd OtiC' .. u(·h (1.'111('1'

lit lilt' t'l11'1.1 .\ I y{"t-'na('a 11 1,I('l'io<l . II i I h I ht' "()'~'lIlkd " ( : I'll\"(' ( ' i I't'il' ... t ill' "light 1,1" Inll' l' 1 holo,," 1\'. Hlld I hI' 'i,rtifit-lltioll I\a ll <u'ount! t he "i l ndl']" alld tIll' dIN',,1 ~'fllt1t ' IIl I j(lI'nl'Y tholo:-; i" IIw l1l 1 1-\ ol'.l' f !I .... i( IlIllol'fI/s(ll'i ( I ),) . HI:-o 10 111\\1\ a .. t ht' o." lIl a l l1l,!!ll lhn lo:-;). 11I'(,lml ,I,I' till' (·llI'li{· ... 1 011 11ll' (; n·pk lI H1in ltlnd'~. I'H AI'·:" \lul'k :-;('l'lHl' ' 10\\ 10 hu\'(' d (' mon"tl'(ltl'd Iha t

tbt, {" I (,II",il'~' "l'II IPlIlt' 1I1 "i t e Ill' 1-\ ol'.da;-.ioll IJI!Jf, r/;(!J (1)1) lIn" Ot't'llpif'd III lilt' time of til(' O,, 1ll11l1Ugll Ih o lo" IllId may hnl"(' rCal'hl·till :-izl' or 01"1' : L~J hu. 1,.1 LH III . FU rl ht'r (,ll rl .l· Il ll .l n:- t \l ln!)" ill I h l' I'('j!il)ll IIl' I'P l'<HI :- II·tlded ul l 'l' l m ll o l' i 1't,/iI()koifiri ( I)~), HI .\ Iyr..;i noho l'i HOIi/·,·j ( I) .~II ). at Tl'ug:ilna l 'iafilsfI (DII ). II I It'Il"1 lIil1l' i ll II II' !-\oll!wuua l'a !"t'.l,doll . lll/th 1101'1 It nlH l :-o1Llh of tlw HJ/w//; /fJU . Impi, lind . of ('() Ul ':-(' HI ,\I yroll P{/'islf~

rill ( I>:?IHI). ol"l'l'1ooki ll ,!! I Ill' 1-\.1 ]l1II'i,,;-.i1l l'a1l£'.I-.. \ .... ulllin,!! 111t''>t, tnal'k ('lIIt'I'p-ent pol ili(, .... i t i"'IIII I' /lI ' l il"(' II) ;-'('{' tlll'lII liS Ilw t,ltd.l· .\I y(:t'Ill11'111 1 I.a,..p" fo r thl' Ilur j llr N'III('llIl' lll" I hal l(wllled I h t' "u l,·ti ili:-ioll" of tllP II P 11:-; we 0 ]':-;('1' \1' il ill IltI' 1.11 II I H <l 01'1 1II1I'11 \":.

'j Fur' t·.~"r"rtI~ "f .'r laIIOI! I 111\\/' rf'krT,'l:1 to All ~ l1t ·~ h.1 Iheir ""'riu l 11\11111)('1 In U 11 \!1'~: :...1111 .... 1)'\ &

II T I' K ])1\ ... " ... ,\ . 1 ';"Zll/lIrrif. l1rJ'tJlI ( ';";/;1«11;'111 ill /III Unll!~' . 1rJ' r .. I. ' 'J'It, .tfwl(/"'1I1"l(d I~//(I((/" IIr;!lj .• \lltlII1<1II '1 1 m/(ln/MII!l1I i~ (·ill'(l 1111I'n· n'lelMII

, ... 1 (' \\ 1:l1.IIT Fnllil ('hi.·f In Killl: ill )1 .1\~'mlt'lIl1 l:n'N't· Tit. /f.JI ,if 1/.' /: II/'r iff 1/,. /·r.hiAlr,r;r "!I'M! ( I' BUl l'" ;..:1 I!/!I;'I. p_ li:1 NI. d ('. H. ) In: & \\ (; ('\1 I'I!o 1l .\I .I .~'nH"Hn T"m"~ II" 1':,itlt'll­

,.. fflr S'lI'iulllll,1 I'llhll<'ul Orllnlli .... llioll ().j.I:\ ( I!I·HI. I'. I;, III K 1,11.1 I' ·-Th., 1·: lIlt'q!I·Il.·e .. r l l1o' WIlli" '"

1t1t'(, I"J.!.1 ill till ' '1.1 · '~ ·l\H"1I 1I I '"hl\~'''·· 0./. 1 , (I!IS:-I. l' :!!11 :~O:!. '1 HUJ .r, ('_ \\' ) 1 B II"''';''. \\" '1'" Ulllt.\: \\. I' 1)"'01 I' '/'/ .. 1'f/ /oN f'f.\·'~I./rtlf I'NfllA;/I tr .... lr("ll

.1/ ••• , "ill 1·,,/uII/' III . l l'r"I}t.t;~ fill" , .",... r T"WH. TI"J", ','m," (';rr/'''' 1111" ('h"lIIl" r '1'(111'/11'. 1)i~M'1 rtf ~ (hi'·

.,1/, I/If ( 'lIm'" ( \\1,;1) . l' 1:\1 l ili [" ' :l1Il f' ' ·in'It.'"'[. Ii H.i 1:II I 'h\,I ,,~ 1\'1_ p, ~ I,, [f.,rl ilkillion l_ ." " . C: 1." 1."". " 'I' ll(' TIIOI,,:, T"ml, HI 1">1",\ I'lu, ~i,,". 1':' idell11 ' I.it' lilt' Trllll ~ iti"tl tr~ .tll ,\l iddl,' I" I.nl("

Il l'l huli.' ill \I. '~ •• ' II ill" '/' ,'(llIl<i / ilnl. '.1 "",,,d, " Y' ' II "/I /, /"111(:' IIW!!'" (/ II IHlm:' .... 1' ... / ( H I , I t'F r:\ EI 1: , .. .1 , I H~ \! ) . I' I i I 17.-,

I -I Ii ,1 ,,1111 B~'l1Ilt'l

Indeed , I tllink one (' lUI oh:"'I 'I' \'{' tilt' ill(,(}l'pol'lt!ioll of I ll1',..l· plJlilit'l"l ill till' 1'1 11'1 thai

vlh\' I' tha ll ll l Il l(> palal't' of :\I',.. tOl' th(llo-~ toml! ... in ti l(' 1"l'}!itJIl 1'l.lI't,I." ('olHilWt' in U~' 111'.1'0 11<1 LI-II I I.\ . A plau.;ihlt' inlPI'Wl'l ll lioll of thi .... pn1tI' I' 11 il' Ih lll II\(' !,lIll1l'l' \\il'; ,tr l·n' dliall .1 f'xl'ulldillj.! iH I'O\H'I' Ililh ill till' 1'l'¥iOIl, I'fli.'din·'.' d t' J1lt1li llg l,wlI l ('('nll' I'';. Di ... pili." ,.,hift t'd 1'1'0111 ('oll ... pi t· uou s imt".lmt'lit ill burinl an,hit(,t' I UI'(' (ami ('"\(lli l' Inalt' ri lli ... ('''' lwI· ill ll.' .\Iinoall o hj(,('t :-;;'I) h," hlt'ul (' Ii!(':-; 10 It pll l lll'{' - hll~'d :-;.'sl l' m inmil in!!. fOI'I' .,u11l ' 1'1('. s lille "' l lon",ol·t·11 (·OII,.,pil'WHI'" '·IIIlSUlliplion ill till' lill 'lI\ of l"t>tI"t.; 1\:"'''(Il' iat,'d Ilith impOl"lnllt tl'l lIl ", ititllll' in tht· \'011 11"01 o f 1'0\\1' 1' or olTel"ill!!s 10 (it'i tip" III jlll l"tit·ulal' I iIIit' ... of tIlt' ."eaI'71. T hi .. 11I 1f'1' 1'.I'l't(' ln I\o uld , of ,'1)111':«" lIo r\;: II I 11 I'PI,dfIllU1. 1'lI llw l' than I.l 10('al ll'n'1.lIllCl l his \\tll ild t':... plnill tl\(' (·llI1 l1·ihulio ll ,.. 1'1'0 11\ tltl'lI l1 J:!hOUI the pt)li ly. a" i .. jlt·l·hnp .. il1ll,lil~1 h,I Ill(' Thl'I.H.''' ""'lIlin1!" lIi,ll Ilwir II00 I,loI'1I 1 '1':\,.,.

'I'll ,' idl'11 1i1kaliq" of Ihe abm'l' I"lil t ,~ n" "igllili'·l1nl t'a d ,\" .\1,\ ('(' 1111('1111 v,' n1l'l"s l'lli:"'!''' lit t' j .. ..:.U(, of ' \ 11I'1I u',' I he,' ,'a ll l»t, idt'ntifit,d \I ilh 1I11~ uf til(' Li1It'1II' B T~ :- JlI't· .. t' I'wd ill Iht' tI 'I/·UnIt'lll". In 11('" 1"("·('111 I' h l) ,li,,"(· I·tlltiull . . Itla n l 'al'lltht' I's !lllt 'IIII,lt'd 10 idl' lIti(, Ih l' !) Ill' "'I' ttlt'l llt' l ll"" Olllllh(' S 10'1'. pIli":' !.('u I.: 1I·lIn ;.'i, :-ih" !,a:-t'd IWI" itit'lltifi('lItiun:- on

:-t'ttl{' tnt 'llt .. jZt' dt/Ill ft 'O Ill tilt' .\l illll(, .. OI Il ,\l I' ... "('nin E:"'l't'dilioll P l.\I E), \\ 'h,\! i .. ,..11·il.:inl! ahOlIl hl' l'n l wlnpt i ... thai till' I H l ar~e, ... t an·IHU'olo,!!it'IIll'itt,,, id('l1 tili, 'd IT,'" .\ I.\IE di l' idl' t·j 11ll'1' .. idl' (If tilt' .-\ iJ,!lIl t'on 1"11 11111:' Iii 10 I II(' 1\1',...t 1111(1 !I to tilt' t'1I" ' . ,\l I hOlI~h ( 'n'-olllt'r:< I\(· h it' I'l'", it rt 'mlll"ka 111l' IIU III "PI" of ,· it ill' '' ill IWI' [I .... ",i).,(n 11 11' 11 I of T~ ... 10 !ll'('h ,\(·o log i(·;l l l' itt,,,.

1\ nOli ' of ('Hil I inn "hou ld ITt'sHundl'( 1. F il''' t of al l. ,.. Il!' \'xl'l udc .. n n," " ih'.; dt'finf'd :-;uh, " IU llliully Oil the· b"",i ... of Inll·iil l i"t'llll1 in". \\ ilhoU I f\ :-t't tl t'1II1'11 1 ,., izl.' t' ..:. timat(' in ,\1.\1 E·, IHlJ,lit'!I I iOn. T h II,.., '\1,\ ron " ( rj,,1r rill (1)21 "I) <l lld I hI' "-ou\;:Otl 1111 I'll n'f!"ioll ( n:J.")) II I'e om il ­t ed f1"olll IW I" li .;l . \-:ljunl ly. ('tn plo,l' II 11'11 I Ilf ,\\,\1 1'; '" ... izt, ('slirna l l'''' len d s to III It'n:-! 0111'

i(\£' lllili t1.ll ion Ihlll :-t,{' lIb illll'laul'i hll': Il!lllw ly thaI of '\I ('ta~lula A"alrlp":(/lW ( f):!::!) \lilh pfI -ki j(/-m, I n t hI.' Ii I"st in:-t 11 Il(·t ', I Ill-' " ill' I it·l' ht' h i nd .-\ ij!1l I/'on and . ill Ilw ;oiP(·OIltI. PH , \ 1" :-; \IIH'I.: t herl:' hn ,.. .; u/,q.(·sted I hat . PI'{' II if it did ('ont inul:' to II(' IIl'l'u pi('{1 ill 1.1 I I I I . il-. major pNinl 1 Of U\'(' lIllll lio ll lI"a,... I Itt- ,\111 IIml ('a l'li(' I' LII , whl.' '' il mighl han' I'f'i.u· lwd it ... IIlfl,i ,

mU Ill " izl' "f :tH 1111. ('111'0111('1''; ' ,... \\01'1.: Ita..; fOI't'l·d U ~ 10 think I'Ul'tltt'l' <1 1,0111 Iht.· po",..ihilit~, o f itl,'nti(lillt!

" Ilt'l'ifie silt,l' II ith l.im' al' H T~ ,,_ I II th i:- 1'00tlt'x t I tUIl :-tl·ll t'k 1,,1' the sizf' of I\ol"."lil"ioll HI II',dl"fl . n lll i Ii.'d Ihat it ..:. di l' till('lil-e " iz(' IIlld like l." lI,..:-IIl· iilt io ll lI ith an NII'I .I' thulo" to mh i ... ..:. U\·h IllIIt it nUI"t han' ht,t' ll Oil\' til' thl~ SUh-I 'I' IlIt'I's of li lt-' 1-11', \\, ilhin PH .\P'" sll l"·t'.' 111'('11 it i" Ihl , l'('('OllCllal)!(''''1 1.11/11 ,..itt, '0 I Ill' ])11Iul'l' of :\1 ',..10 1' (:1..") hll _ 11 ... 0p])o:-l'l1 10:W 01' mon' ). II i..:. I't'ia li n,j,l' dosl' t(, Iht, l'"hH·t'. hut JOWl' I' I,'"in!.!. w illt fnil"i.'" j!uot! at'(1''''':' to tilt' O"'lIluna~!11 111j!OOIl 111111 Ihe al'ell uf I hI:' Un.' of ~ i l \"jll'ino, (·al'1I1hl' I' .. wou ld plllli' (I -h rr 1('(1 at 111i.'" It will i 0 11 , li nd I 11 111 illdillC,dlO np."J'l'I' \lith Iwl'. 011 Ill{' j.! I'OIlI1d.; of ih

" .. ..:.o t' ill iio n wi l h Iht' ( 'OilS l (An 656: Tahl(' :~ ) II lId it..; rt'iut il't' I,\ ' fl'f'( jLll' 1l1 Ot'l' UlT('ll l'l' ill 11 numh" I' o f ('OIll( 'xl'" ill Ihl' Il rl"iliw ('1'111.1(' I ). If Ihi.; itiellti iit,ltlion i..: I·OIT('(·t. alit! if fll', IO ' /l 11 dOl'" II1lll"k Ihe Ht'I '/1 ill wlti l' lI Ih., palan· lit,;.;. 1'.\" lt'lldill j.( quilt, "t)llll' \\11." nOl' t h .

t 11('11 II{' 1.lI·t> Id-I II i III Ilw jll'Ohlt'lll of \I ht'I'(' I \I Im'lll e pu -J.:i-j(l '1I1 1.lIld 1I-IJIl !"/I'f , hut h of w hi t' h 111·e(·P<i t' (/ -h -I'f-w(I in I h( ' li" l s.

n H II II;'" (In IIII' XflIlIn' "fl llt' \I .... lilll 1111111<'11''(' III ElIrI." " .'""':-lIIlt'llli \11·" ... ·11111 fJp_ t lh loj ( I fh:?j.

II :!i :\7

" ,I T _ K I t.I,E,,()I ' ... 'n·llIlur\~ fill II ... Thdl('~ N.'alm1-t"~' . .If !J'.' 1,,,1',, I' :I\i;. sH: Tllt'h,·, :-;"'Ul 'll!.!". 1\ II'~' ~f)~ Tnlol,· , ~ anti \1.lTt'llIlt'li II ~'IIIt, H"Il\I~ U'I"· lIulll ,,~ /( 'lSI ( j H!I '1 . II l) i ~, \\" . ,'U II "I ... , ,·ol llpun· I Ii.· l"t'l,n·· ",,'lIlntl<ln_ uf (~'l\,'illl.l ill lIlt' (n· .... "" ... (If thl' 'I'hnlll" H .. lI'" 111111 il~ flllll'WU'" I. B \1,('.\1.1.l \I /p('(lf'frli.-.

l'r'''Jffwl ,II II" .11.'1'"''''''(111/'''/<1('' (1 ",l/1',~ , TIll .I('fl''''''' f ','''(''/I " ( IUSi ) 1= 1'li. I). di" ... ·,1 u l il)lI l ' flIH' I·" 't .1 H! 1'/'"11".1 hnnin l. II. I;~ III

,; ( '\I:t"II.:ll'" {n l.H'I" , n. Itl ). I' :?:I:\ :11 Ilh" 1111"1'1110,,.1111:.; II! lilt' F I ' T:,\ ,. Irom 1111' .\111 .... ,I1.~ .

147

('81'01Ilt'1'':; \\lIl1ll'd to Im'll t£' JK/~ki-j(/-/u HI .\I\' taxllrla A-aloINI IIII. whi,·!. I lind hij!hly IIl1plilU .. ihll'. ('ha( 1\\ il·k (a nd 01 Ill>""') 1111 \'t' 10l'<\ h ·d it a I I II(' 1- i 1I<1~l' of II O!'a. \\ it h ib (.), t£'l1 -.. i\'l' (·hOIllI"·I· \ulIIl, 1·'·!n£'t('I·.\ at l 'olimidifl ( ]):!II )~t1. I alii itH'lill{'d to if)II,,\\ Ihi~ idl'lItifi­(·u tion onif)t';ltiorud ~rotl ll(I ~. It i~ ul1!'al'lin,' \0 '<t't:' th(· pallH'l' ~il(' 1l~ I,\'in),! at th ... inl£'r­.... ·(·Iioll 1H'I\H't'1I 1\\11 laml"('II IK' unit,..: thl' (·ou ... tal 1II'('n 1101·th \If Xanuino up 10 the l.a n1!tlu \',II·do.:; 11 II( I t Iw 1I pi/ill( I,.. frulIl " om tn ( :a rj!l.d ia nui. \\'1' "mlld II 1'~1It· I ha I Ilu' pa la­l',' dOlninal(·.'" Illl' 1tl\lland \('I'I'iIOI',\' ill' p l',IO-/lfJ. hilI 111,..11 ('01111'01 .. (/l ILd ('wHl'olied ft'OIl1

(',u'ly on, ... illl·l' lIu'n' i,..no Ihol0., 10lllh III r(Jlilllidif/~) till' ilnllll'diUI('ly Ildjlll'('nt l1]Jlnnd 1I'I'I'itol',\' flf fJ(/ -loi j(l-/II II ith IIh idl il i ... din·l·II.\ lilll,aod ".\ Ill(' I·:nj,.diano ... ridge;;, It i~

llwtl H'lIl ptillg \0 fulh)1I ('Ilt'olhl' r~ !l~!Hill I1tHI idi'lltil:" (I - JJII :-Wf witll \lw ~ il(' of 'I'l'fIf,/(I/If," 11(· .. 101' IldninH ( D-Hi ). TIll' :<i~l' uf l ilt· :<i l t· i:; j!iwtl 11 ... :to hn . in .\1.\1 E ' ... JlulJ lit'lllioll , hilt Ihel'!' I\I't· iltlp411'tnlll illcli c'atitltl:- of il'" ,..llI tu ... "l'Il·n'ellJ." li lt' di~I'II\I'I'Y of Imi nted ,,11I"'l pl' f'·III!"II'III,.. 411' ('In.I' Inl'llaIH'''', 1'\t('atitc h lltton,..~" (:-;pin dlt· 111101'1 ... til ' dl'f''''''' l\t,ight,.) anti of ~lIh"tH,"illl lIall,,~u,

.\ Iovill,l! dOli II tilt' pt·nin ... uhl. Ill(' rwxt Illajor' 1.1-1111 .. itl'" IInul<l "t· tho,"'l' i'l Ihe Kuu ­kOIlIlIl"1I '·t',I!inn. H Ollen'I', tIl(' Il rdlfH'n lol!i (-,<l 1 :-iluatiotl i ... l·Oltlpli(·lIll·d illlhi" l-it"iniIY. In

fll('\, lI .. ill,!! III(' :<H IlIt' 10l'lItlull nUIlIl' i .. elltin·I.I· III 1,,«'1141 i IIlf' fOI ' pn·lli" l ol'il' I'l' llmill :< are j.!I'OUIJI,(1 IHI l'itlll'I' :-ill(> of Il l{' l'on"i(ll'I'tlIJll' F'ol(lmi Ir'll . Impi. ' I'hi ... ft'1I1111'l> :-q)HI'II I(>s lilt' ~,t1It'I\H'nl ,..ilt· of I,'ctlllrolm£·i. Ull Ihe KuuktHlIIU"11 ,..idt·, h 'olll (,'ol/I'olori I hI' ,..ile of Iwo t'lId.\' Ihol\, ... 10111(,... Oil li lt' ()"po~itt' :<i<l('. Tht· :<itp ... lin', to Illntil'l'l1 (·Olll·l'plion,... hll~'d 011 II lilaI'. lIilhili ll It· w hl1llelrpd 1I1l'ler'" oft'lIt·h olh.,(·, hilt (lill iit' ,l! round arl" :--epar'II Il'U h~ 1\ l'oll"id.'I'nhll· hHl'l'i£'I', On thp K(iukoUlHU'/i :-idl' Ihl'rt, lll'l' flll'lhel' thnln;;: tomh ... (e,g. ttl .IkOIlIl, 1\1'''1 of A'olom/41lh), whil(~ there art' ... tillllllll'(' 011 Ih(' oppo .. it(, ,..Idf', at f'yti,-x 1I1It! L((Jlldorili. 11('111' 1ll(}(!t'I'1I :-:tpno,..ia,

It i .. nlll'lIl"lin' In PIII'I,..lIlfe tll'O .·a d," .\I ,I-I·('l1l1l·11I1 1't'IH(·I·'" t'IIW I'lfl ll,l! hl·rt', "i.-,pllI'flled ,,~ II\(· go!',!.!" of lin' 1'01(1111 i 10/1 • I raJ)i. IJ lI1 I II OIl( Il'l' if. h.' III{' t i III P I) I' lilt' I (. X I,.., I 11<',\- had 1101 IIPtoll I 1l{·1'1!\·t! i II I 0 Ollt· t l'l' l'i lor,\", II il h I{%/'(llioki (or 111'1'1111 p,. 1111' ."'l· ttl t·nll'lI t tI t /)alo io-1/fJI'ia) II" il ... ('('nt {'I'. ('Ie;l ri,\', if II £' fl l'!;' pl't' i,'{'d i ll j.! i 11 Hrdt' I·. 111 i:- II n'lI \\1 IItld !til \'t' I n he /'O-/l -XO, lI!tidl 11l1i'l'Il1lh'''' (on l.\· Oil en 608. \'11 20 alld On 300) I\ith f -m-III. T ht, ll1in natUl·t' of tilt' ('(' nll'I ' Illight thl'rt'iiwt· 1,1' r('il{'L'\('d in it. .. I. i,war H loponym.\,. But tltl'l'!' i", on(' Olher ol,."{'I'I'lltitllllo 11{'lllIld(, hi' I'" I'('~ardill l-(' /'f) - II -XII. I fil i .. to bt, IOt'lIkd in thi ... n~p'ioll. tllt'n

il ]ll'iJllllhly l'onlrol lpd \ Il(' l·tHlt£' (w ith 1\ .\ I,wI'nnt'lIn road ) throug h In li - lIIi -lo -(l - ~'o, I l'wl' lH'l't'pl I lllI l Mil 456 i .... 1\ III'I'u "down of {'onl ri I,tI 1 i III-(' ,..t'l1lt·1 Ill' I I"" II i I It in 1'''-11-,.;0· .... I t' ITit 01'.\'. thl'1l it il'l lIo I·til noti llg Ihll l IIII' li st l'olltl1i n ,'" a -I/'f)-/I'i-ju '1':\ (loIH·Ij ·jO -/ro-wi-jfl). ])l'l'hnp:-l dt·nolill,l! n !'oundar.\' UI'('I!. IInti,h;H !-l'i-iI() /l'r,-If 01,..0 IIPPt~lIl':< 1111 en 4. in II li-., of lil'('­"Iot'k u ...... ul'iuI('(1 II ilh F P /I ,.,i~j(l-ti -j(/. Finilll~-. ill t{'l·m,.. of tn.\· ,..uj!j!(,,..tioll IIho\'{' n.',!.!ur­dill!! tilt' II loa l/lhlt' I ,... m - II .~o would t'O IlI{' M'I'I' llth in th(· li:-1 IIlId il i1'\ .... tl'iking It) lIote Ihnt j'(H/ -/I'{/ i .. III« II Q 1If'1·(·. "hi l(, !\In 1370 adlnil1(·dl.\· u fruglllt'lllllrY \('xt li :< l ~ /'IJ-It-.~O

8nd m'O-W(llIli ... Utl't· .. .::in·lirw .... I t lIIij.!hl h(' ,..('('11 lb Il :-('\'('1'(' prnbll'lIl Ih ut 11(' un' 11011 ltoft lIith nn l ~ 111'0 'I'X .. 10

tOWI' tltl' "hult' ofthp _\ kri l ll" pt'nin ... ula :<(lulh of t ill' muli' 1'1'11111 IIlt l(,k 'l'n 1'.\'10'" 10 Xil:ho-

,. ('11 11'\1 h" (1111",,· II. :!!I), ", III!I : I':, l'o~r\lIti \"'t~" 1)'1 I nl,,,,,,duwf/' II : ur Slrut"',r iI'iI Ifridl'iI fYI"

1'11/"" I)it SI,I/IIIIY tI', () r,,,rlm!' , " '''' /. id/I' "" 1. ;IU(l r 1I_1'FJ'lr ( 11I~1I ) I' III. II . Iljlh '·'·>04'('IlI.lillll". :': ,\1 III\' ,~,llnl llHuJll I ~ut!t!'·~I,'(IIIII·'IIIIIJ.f litl h-Ju '" III '\ 1 ~ ''l'<III" h''ri /(',111,.; (1);,11, 1111 1111' '11',1 rid!!I'

fn"n Ilw )Ulla,'{', 1I)1<, ... ·l h,,], ... Inlll l'''IIrt' in fili'I vi_il, l .. "I' I Ill' ,1,'1.'1' rnl-;".- ,./ ... , "rI ll{' EIlJ.f1iIl.IiI '" ridJ!i" Thi. !til hill!!.', 011 1,,,\1 1'1"'1'1,\ linlwd Hn Iht'j!"nlUlld 0111' ft'(·I"lJu "'llIntl,lf' ~'ijfl "' nlll~l lutn' 1/0.'(' 11 . In !l1lt'i('nl 'illl"~. iT 1111I~' h/l,,· 1"",·(\ quill ' diffj",,1t 10 !!I'I frum th\· I'ullu'( ' ,,, .\I ,n 'l' inlllulI! , _1'11111'1, 1 .. 01 II~ il \\ I I ~ h,\' II,,· ih'1.·p !'/llllll', I IllI'l~·f"n· ln't· ft· , · Iht' idt'ntifi,'Hli,lIl PI~ ) I .. l'<t'(I;n II,,· 1\'\1 , ],ul null' Ih"I'I'III,I"1II "f /tout .. !.

:. I 'H ,\ I' d,~ .. mf·n'4111 ,,1"/11 il(· h"l tUIi ')1\ I II\' ~;h' of /1, !III rlli II (l'o F 1(0) Illu l ,·111.\ hut Inll ~ flU t h,· ~i\{>", of nHr!!uitnnm Ord;'I'" (:0: 1-' !I:? I ) iln!! _\11'1)<.'1"(11" 1~II!fi"1 (:-: F lun1'l ).

'" :-t , '\ 1 \UIX\'I'''~ , " Avu\}}(wj«( EV nM.,p" l' roUA rd,":, ( W.-," ). 1" :?1I\1 :!1/;

148 .I ohll IWllIwt

I'ia. I think th i.'! i" ,I I l t'ul,It' ln :< hUt'l,(1 b.\' ni l /.!I'O~ l"n l)ll kn ll"f' t"(lIl ,. tJ"lld iilll"lJn) I HWI'd 10 datt.'. I \\'OIH kl' ifthl' 1.111 .... \1\ ... do{",.; nol lil' in tlw flH·t Ihat ti ll ' e('ntl' r "I' the IlI..'l lin.';ula \\ 11,. {>.,.;.,.;(:'Il ­

liall," nul ('O,'{·rl'i l. I would IWI'tVI - a l It'asl rIJ l,t he :-:ake o fu q.!umt..' llI Ihe a" ... u..:ialion of I,'o -m-r/o /"f) with I"()i nikolllli ll , Iyiollflli/}.-li ( I> i!I ), not 1I1'('l',,;,,;ul'il.,' bl'(·nl)-'c' (If il :-. Hppa ­relit I.\' dest' l'iplin' tnpog mpilit, Il IUlIt:', I) \I! ht'ellu;-;{' il :-'l'l'tn:-. tl) 11(' IInp ,d' tll(' f(ow .\ 1,I'n'tla­(-j Ui ("('11\('1':-' ill Iht, :-01l111('l'I1 Pl'lIitl,.; u la, Silllilnrl,\', J do nol c!tmht Iha t ri -j/J n'f'r,I':-' 1tI a :-:i lt' Oil Ihe eash-I 'll I.:oa s l , perhap'" hUl'ied lInr!t'I' IlH,tii ' l' li KOI'Olli , if SI",lho'" Ill'pilt'elil 1I1 11'i ,

hu I ion o r Ilw 1ll11ll(' I tl H m:il' lll ' AOlVll i:- ! 1) hl' tn!..;! {,d, J ,,{lndel' j r I Iw tlll:-<\\ t' l' t n 111 (' (Iue­

,.; \ ion llIi!! ilt lie in IIH' IIn tlll':-; Ilwil l iUlied ill All 519 al ld 661 . II hi('11 Lang (' ()I\\' in~'il1 l-.d," put

IOgf't lw,' 1'('I·Ou:'(.' lil t", m a t eh ('1,,'"t'I,\' en 3. en :1 , if il ~ h('IH l il1~ d tJ{'f' c01l1 11in a (,(l1'l'untte

IHl tn(' (111(--::'0 -'/" ). might 1''''pn''''(,111 (:nn triiJlltion", f!'Olll )!,TO Upl' dominAll1 illlhf' hl'H1'tland uftil(' pt'nin:-III,110 1111 offi ('illl ((- -I'll - II -If) ,,1'11](, 1'.'"lil1l1 ",Ialf' (rtf wi-j' - /I"'),

Fillfdl .\'. I \\ Il llt 1011101"(' 10 lilp ntl ll' I' t' lI e! of lilt, pul it .,'. Ih e nl'('<l lhnt I ,.;('(' II'" f," ing­in,lI(' 1\.."I"Iri..;,.ia \-tllI".'". pC' I'I Ul p:-: to be ('quil l ed wilh JII 829· ... ( /'f), o r II ith ,ht, fi~ ('a l ,f.!: I'tIUJl

II b2 i II I h~' 1\1 a ta bl ~''',: f-nt-I, -rr W' and f/ If -1'(-"'; jo, ,\ 1'( ' hllt 'o lo~ i ('111I," " pI'a king, IIlf' re i" II (·oll ,.; id(' I' ;l hl t, ", lIift ill :-:C'lIll'IIll'Il ' lIil'l'lIl'<: lI.'" ill thl' \\(',.; t£'I·11 "Il I II'." from thl' t' lll'ly

.\I .'"l'(, I1HI '1I1I period (I.HI II ) In LlI I II B. ThC' dOlllinant ~i \(' in Illl' ,'(',!,doll ea d," Oil i:;

.\I ,lTon !-'{j';,.'/' rio, 'I i I h il ,. 1 h 1','(' I linin,.; I ')111 h~ a Illi I Ilt'i rei .. luml1 e coni l'llt-:. By 1.1 11 11 Ii. IHH\"("·l'I·. il i:< lInl dC'H I' \\' 1 l(' 1 1 lf' I' I'I!'i,~f'J'i(lI','C'n ~'() lll i lltl f''' to 1Ji' inhai;i l l'(1. <lnd ti lt' lIl'IU"

I, ," ", itt ' of ,\I ('lIri;lliul ll !-,'fl il ,il,'(j ha ,.; villi\(' into t':\i;-; t (' n l'~', it ,.; lifetilt\{' ulnlu :-: I t':O:lIttl.,· ~'o-~'x l (, ll ,.;in' \1 ilh Ih" Intf'f't puhl('{' at I~ng!ianu,.;. Tlli .~ ",i t t.· hll" paint ed pllll<ll' r fn\~ 1l 1l' Il b'.

II p1"ol)al,l(, tll('~a r Oil , II Ilea I'h," I holo". I OllliJ t1 nd ]In ... ~ihl (' ftwl ili('1.1 I JOI1:-< (D:?! 11 tl, 'I'l l(' ('on·

\'1'1l1 iunu I t'xpla nnl inn (If 111(' alli'rnHt iOIl h{'t 1I'I.'l'lI , rf>-i (J II 829 ) <llId I li t, ?ll a :-t'I'i~',,"'! i ...

"ilher th ll t r - /"f - ; i:-; :-.p lit inl o t\\'O l"egilJll " (t ilt' 111"0 Int'll t iotlt't! in Ih{' ?ll ll :-.eril''';. Il\(t !IOI

1!lC' lItio l lt'd o n In 829: (I -fl-(I wi-)a ;l ml t -.-IfI-rl · wi : jll) 01' it i ... !'('plal't't! II,' fI-fl- -rf wj-ja. \\ h ile (p n':-u lila h l ,l') , .... (1-,.. -II'; jo d('lloh',.; II :-:u hd j,.;1 ]'il'! of all!)! hf'I' !'egion ('::lI - IIUI - ' -wi -)(1) whil' h d(ll' :- 1I]J]ll'!II' 1111 In 82" (d', I"il!. :1 ).

I f \II' li n .' i tll( 'I 'III'l'I illg th i,.; :- ililalioll eOITed ly. and tilt, I W(l "it~·,.; of I '(ri"'fr'rio and .\ Iuurinli\da a re nOI in fad ill liS(' l'OIl I f' lIIpol·anf'IHI,.;I ,'" then \It' ";('{' Ill to han' an in,.;lalll'(­ofl'on,.it!('rahle in t l'I'H' nlioll hy Ih~' palal'(, in Ihi,. rqriotl . It i" jU,.1 po ........ ihl(, thai Ilw I. inl'­

U I" B I l'X I lDiI ria ta 111:-\1 offl'l' :-:otllt' I'l'ill' t'! i()!1 of 1 II j ... :-. i I tlill jill !. I ,i II b II{'I II ('I'll a -ft -/,(- wi -ja

!lI Id Ilw H I' place-IHl llk /Jlf>-ffl - Ilfl are illlpl il' d I),\' Aa 779 . H lHhkt I'('t'onlillg n \\'(lrk ~ I'OUp

III IIlt -lfI -W' . \\i lh (I - If rf - lI'i -)1I on it. ... Imll' l' "iti(', Ilhik' An 830 implip" n link h~'IIIN-n o fr -n-II';-)(I and Jli · . ,~'i. Cll'lId,'" 1111." link Iwl\\{'('" tin- 1-1 J> lll1tilll(' FI' a l the il ' 1It)I' llw rn l'.Xl t·e tnt'J' i .... likl'l," 10 IWI,t , hl 'l 'lI tlH'ough \hl' 1\-."l'lIl'i ,;,.;ia \'i li!( '.\". whil'1I imp li!..''; that

o -I' . I'I-lI'i -)o may 1I :,I't, lain ill the \\'I',..I(' I'll JJ HI '! of I IIi,.; n lllt.,.', .. \ I i~hl lilt, lIol'k .l! I'OIiP Oil

Aa 779 OI·il!inn l l.,· 11Il\'(' heel1 111 (I -fl -n /l'ija (= '" ri.~frri(f), hUI han' heen lIIowd 10

III( -Ill ' /Iff (II"; ( 'hafi wjl'k :-'UP:V(' ~I l'd~~) to I'l' litH lei ' l' IOl'i{' I' :-U Jll' I"' i:-ioll wi II I i II 1 he 1'('('('11 I ret'ol'­

tl l'( 1 pa:-. l ~ " -rl'- i Ill iglll tlH'l'l'I(II '~' I'\'prv";\'nl Ih e Ilt' lI ,.; ite of ~1',"riilla(ln with il .... Io,, -r ,-- /( II lld W!-/·,, -l'o-re- /r. u HcI Il-f(·-n-wi-ja han' hl'en tbPd Oil 11 ](' ,\I a t<lhl{'h 10 rf'I( 'I' 10 .Il{' (\i";ll'i (·1 OH'I' ,,!lit,h ' -J'I -j IHl I\ ,,101)( 1. ,\ n flitl' l·tlalil'l' read il1~, if l·rl -i j,.; !\('\un ll .'" ""I'lil '"

.. , ,\1 1.1'1~;ftt: ' . '1'1" 1'",/,1£ IIf I·!I" .... l'm''''I,''u'''pllimf 11",1 JI./I/1j/f"1''';ir,,f Sfwlif~ i,) Ihl I'!I/'''' , lrr1lI" II (l Hi :I), 11 It .. n

- I ~. )11111\,\'1"11:- . " r\vunxu\jul rl UI,OU ', !'/'IIkl, I ,.,./,;;, ( IH!itl). I' , 1!1,' t llli. T hi..; ~11!!uti(Jtl III'WllpU'" I{. H "I'E ~1\1I"-1".I.: () T . I'. IC 1) 1( I\j\ .... )\ (n ],Il\I ', n , li! l ). p, IH';' Ilil'i II) ,.U!!.:\ .... , 111111 1I!llilw X idl!) !"i ,). Il lwl'('

Ih., ~il.' I\n ... iU\"lI'l'H!~II(~1 Ilithin till' 1',IIiuIl 1")llt,1 1'£ri"I'rill m il," tm \t' h('t'll dililiulljpd Hml ~ullI' !"""'iled

I.y .\I"urinlndn II illiin tlH' 1. 11 11111 fIt'riod, ., 11 i~ IIflrth pnil1lmj.! "tIT TIm! I n 829 1I11l1 ,1.\. !\Ia "'I'!"il'~ ",,'h 1,,' HilmI:! li n' 1·,,"~i ... It'1lI in u~ill!!

)'0 !i-X'). Il~ "Pl'''~I'11 tu i t ~ alkl"!ln t ill' "-w I" ill \' 11 20 ('II HilS "1Il1 On :100. ~~ t 'II\OII)(I\ (u l,,".·. n :11 ). 1', S,;

I -I !)

into two for thl ' l\Ia It'.:o.I..;, i .... tha l a·ll -ff-wi ja l't'pn'",-'III,. ,\l 01II' i1l11ld1l , lilt' \\(''''tt'rIllIHbl

of t\\O "I.' ltlt'IHI'lIh (Il l' e1i,.tric,t,. ') tll'wly faHII't,d at till' 1'''I)t' II-'(' of l 'I 'fi,~Ifrifl , tilt' otlu,'r

I!uin~ by IIII' 1111111(' (If (-,~fI-rf-lI"; ja, :O:UIIl(' ";IIPPltt' l fill" thi,. illh"'I"1.'llllioll mij!ht ht, found in t\n 830 , \\lIil,11 n'l'unl,,!'o- ff I' ,ri 'jl) , h ·kl 11/1 III) land (!) \\ithill (f',~I)) (/ If 1"1 wi-ja,

('():\ (' I.l"IJI :\(: HE,II.IHK";

I IIlIl't, lilt' 1\110\'(' I" plol"lltion hn,.. t"atl~d II"; 11 11 to think a liltl{' nWI'c' lil,t 'ply aiJottt

,\I ,\I't'lIat'all ).!t'll).!rap!ty, I n tlw fir:-I il1";\III\( 'I'. I "; 11).!).!l' .. t thlll lilt, )I ,H('IHH'lllI t:tlIWt'PI of loIHh't' II a..; prol HI hl y lint i ll\'oll .. i,.tt' lJ I wi l II tl1l\l i t1 o t hl'I' ('ll1'l,1 :-oeil'! it,,,,, I ('on ... illl' r i I LIlli i­kE,I,1 that 11 ) I ,I '\'I'llIl('1I1I :-l'I'i!'I' II lld II lollfi.t1 I-"; t'!l lt' 1I111J1 01'1 lit' II 11II1t, poli t y, hilI pn..;..;illll' th1l 1 Ill' 111 iglil hll 1'(' hull II In r ,!!I' -'''''! ti!' ('lIda,. t I"ill pi a II , Ii II' I'Xft Illpl!" II is ('q l l\'l' pt 01' 1 hi' j,!;t'()gr a­ph,\' o f Ilw 1·."10 .... pol il ," \11\..; """ell li'll1,\' Ihat IUI\\ 01'1"11 rt,ft'lT\'" 1/111 .. 11 " lIlI 'lItal " milp" \\ith II l'It'/\!' dil' i..;iOlI h(-I I\l-I'1l " Ihi ... -... itle-of-" lind " Iw.'ond ,\ i,1!all'VI1. " Il thC'd (11'(1('1' of I'lal'E-~ in tht, II p, IWl'hap:- !tll,,«'.! on ~T'oupin;.!i- p .. lahl i ... lrt,d ill 1111' l'l)llI'",,' of lilt' {'''pani-i­till (\1 il h i n I. Hil I. \ !) of tht' 1'01 it,' 1'('nft' l'l'd 0 11 1 hi' pH IIH'l', II II( I a It,,. .... t,It'1l 1' (11"\ 11'1' of '1':\ :-: in tltl' Urt'U 1J( ',YOWl. tlte FP, I l\ontil'l'. tou, if MI! IW :-: trllel lll ·l' lil t" lint illll'olluI"I·ti iut () Ihl' FP h,\ tht, inlpn,.ilion of fiHI!' Ii";efll di..;t!'i l:t" ( 11111 Tlt'l"l'..; .... u·i l.\ ~t'o).!I'aphil'al l ,\ t'onli}!"uou..;) , Oil(' of II hit-h ,.1(/01'1 aim\(' (Il,. in Ilw H P ), in II hil'h titt" 'I ' ,. t olH:1 I II{' FI' 1'1.'IIillll. ~lTnetinw" ;lh'ntili('<1 iI,\ it..; " I'('a1"' Illinw (rl-I/-!-rJ-'rl-m), ",ollll'liml' ''; " ,\ it..; 1'1I1"1l1ll'l 11I1IIlt' (pl/'rr) ((j 1/ m li-j") ' lilt' "IIII,fr I',\-In,.."' i-:nt£'l'inl! inlo Ihe II holt, "tjlllllitlll i" thl' I'l'fI:'I.imit~, of li-Illi fr)fl ko. 1\ !tit'lt I wnult! ,.;ul!).!('..;t h£'('illllt' 1111 IIPPI'THIIIgt- til' lilt' II P I)('fol"{' lilly oth"' I' oft1rl' 1-'1' pl~It'I'''. (; il'l' n th is, a11(1 J!il'(' lltlw hH"k of dl 'linit iull 1111l0l1,!! Il l(> F PT:\s. l ll(lll ­til 'I' if Ill' migll1 nul ('W'n pl)':'il Ih(, in('OI'JlOI'l1lioll of till' F I' (irlt'ILt(linl! lht' I'Yl'lIl"i..;..;ia \nllt',\') 1\,. 1111 01l1!Uilll! Pl"f)("{· ...... unl,l' ju,.t l'tlllll' ll'll' 01' l'n' lI ,.ti ll IIIUII'I'\\lIy nt III(' tillle of tilt' tiot 'll IIWII t,., Fillllil y. in ..;kl'1 t·h i Ilg- :'01111' of t ht· 11 T't'hul'olo).!y til" 11 II' n'giol1. i lit 1'0<1 tIl'inl! 11('\\ ('\' idem'(' fl"Om I 'HAI" !'i 1I\lI'k. I hO]Il' tll 1t1l\(' ~Ilt'd ";I/Illt' nt'\1 light OIl I Ill' p{)",..ihili ­tit·..; fi'l" ill(·lltif,\'ill).! "':0I1It' (I r t l l(' l .i l 1('a l· B T :\s II itlL al"lult] lI1"dllll' olo~i('nl ;-;it('lo .

• , 1),1\1\ .. & :-;'I f\ (1L 1o"\,,., II . HI): I' (:,1\ I,ll. 1', & Ie Wllrn: . .Ift " I,,/.I"'IJ~ (lHi ... ).

~

~ In 829 Cn608 Vn 20 Ma Ma Ma In Ac Aa-<i Finishers o-ka E- Na F, a-ko-ro extrapolated #

~ Toponym N-units #SUS #units ,A apudosis exempt bronze #VIR # MUL lasketriail HO/atl< variant? TNs, on basis

" of Mn 456 " . PI.NO 377 , , , • , re-u-ko-to-ro 67 , , ~

"'" pi- 'S2

'" 11 3 50 28 smiths 20 , 14

~ me-ta-pa 11 3 50 28 smiths 22 10 < 14

~ pe-to-no 11 6 100 63 smiths 25 [[49]) 31-5

" ';i pa-ki-ja-ne 11 2 35 22 smiths , , , , 11 , a-pu :t -we 11 2 35 23 smiths , 11.5 "-~ a-ke-re-wa 11 2 30 23 , , 10 HQ/@ , 11 .5 ~ .. ro-u-so 11 17 smiths? , 86 , , , ' .5 ~

t: e-ra-to 3 50 g. , ka-ra-do-ro 11 2 40 18 , , @ , 9 .~ , " , ri-jo 11 2 20 17 smhhs , ' .5

" ~ " ~ ti-mi-to-a-ke 11 2'

, smiths 17 HO , 12 < ra-u-ra-ri-ja 14 70 26 35 ~ sa-ma-ra 18 " smilhs 12 ~ a-si-ja-tl-Ja 11 " sm,lhs , 12

" e-ra-te-re-we 11 .. 23 .0 " za-ma-e-wl-ja 18 28 , maranenljo 14 , -~ B'ro 18 , , 0 , a-re-re-wi-ja 23 11.5 ~

" e-sa-re-wi-ja " , 21

~ 260 '<

~

Contexts for Production of Documents

oCommodities :::::) p..1laee

oSummanzmg meommgs==) palace

olnvenlory within territory Qutside palace o Products generated outside palace

oProduction ~ pa lace

oProduction ~ palace

oTaxation on loca tions within tl'rritory Asse»mcnb Incornc

olnventory wi thrn palace stores

oOfferlng!> on seasona l basis

oO\sbUI'Sl'mCOts

olnfom)allOIl processi ng

Documentary Product

5calings (W-)

Muhiplc-enlry tablet (e.g. PY Un 138, ele.)

KN Da-Dg (census) KN Dk (shearing) KN f' (2) 852

KN Lc(I) + Lc(2) targets PV In (smith) texts Records@location

(store /workshop)

PY Mn (some); Na; In 829 PV MOl (/apudosis/); ?KN Me

KN Ld (1)

List by recipients (KN Fpl IndlV. documents (rY FrJ

List by rcclplents (PY Vn 20) lochv. documents

Double series (PY Eb:Eo, etc.)

Associated vs. Non-Associated Data on TNs :: single \/5. multiple entry texis

~ ~ J.l :::::) if not dl rlX'lly assocmted, m.1y stIli be associated through scribe

II (e .g. KN h. 107, 115) or through closely related series (c.g. KN "pJ

~ :::::) imphcs a ll mform.1t10n to hand for 1t"1t document or group of documents (c.g. KN Og 833;

E 749; PY In 829, etc., Ma series, o-kJl texts)

:::::) "to hand". available in documents already produced (PY E- ; Un 138, etc.) or avaIlable as information comlllg In 10 p..1JaC('

~ . , ~

Tablet j)·klJ of ... "".n Totallmen o-ke HO other TN? EthnIc v.' $fm. !:9:e-ta " 9:e-t. name 657.2-4 ma-,.-wo 50 50 o-wHo-no ? D-wi-II-ni-jo 0

657.6-8 ng·da·wa·ra-o 20 0 a2-ru-wQ-te ku-pa.n'.s;-jo 0

657.10 10 a3·/a·('9-!l-s( ku-pa·ri-si-jo 1 ke·ki.jo a-e-ri-qo-ta

657.11-12 30 fI-ra-po rl·mg-ne Q-wl-to-no 0 ~ 657.13-14 20 80 a2-e!:!.-ka-ne a3'Ko-/a ,. ~ ~ 654.1-4 ku-ru-me-no- 50 0 fT/8-ra-pl-jo 0 ~ , 654.6-9 60 110 ? u-pl)a·/!;i.1J:i!J 1 a-re-ku-IU (U·WO 8-t8-wO-#«Ne-we+,o ,

654.11-15 ra-I;..qo-we-wo 10 lD-WS? wa-wo-u-de pe-cjj-J6-W8 0 , ~ 654.16 10 Iwa-I/IfO-!l·d81 {pe-d'-!8- we} 0 ,

654.16 20 {wa-I/IfO-!l-dej {PfH:li'j8-we] 0 ~

~ ;;. 654.17 10 [wa-wo-u-deJ {pe-di-J8-we} 0

654.18 10 60 £wa-wo-u·del {P8-dI-je-wel 0 ~

~ 656.1-6 W. -(O-jo sa-pl-ds ne-wo-kl-/o ? wa-ka-ll-ja-ta pe-re-qo-nl-jo a·,.-j.jo , -~ 656.7-9 20 20 f16-wQ-kHo wa-wl·fa di.wljH r ." 656.11·14 du·.,.. jo 20 a-ke-l"9-ws po-ra-l? a-pu2·ka-fl6'J di-Jeo-na-ro a-da-,a-ri-jo , -~ 656.15-16 !O u-wa·s; ne·wo? pe-f6-u'fo-ni-jo

I ~ ~

656.18·20 80 110 a-k6-re-wa ka·6·sa-me-no a·pu2·ka ~ - 519.1-4 to·,o·o 110 110 ro-o-wa ? a2·ra-tu-wa 0 ~- • f 519.6-8 k6-wo-no-Jp 20 ka-k9(? a-pl-t6-wa? 0 0 519,10-12 30 .- o-ru.ma-sl-/a·/o 0 ~ 519.1 4-16 50 100 e/-ru·16 ro-u·ko ku-sa-rne-nl'io ~ ,.

661.1-3 B-kl-no-jo 70 0 6-na-po-ro ? 0 ~ ~

;: 661 .4 30 a/-o-fl-/o 0 661.5 10 ka-ra·do·fO 0 661.6-7 20 130 za-6-to·ro wo-ro-/U-mi-nl-jo

661 .9·13 e-ko·me·na·fa-o 30 30 Ii-mi·to a·ke.J ne·do-wo·fa-de a2-ka-a2-ki.n.~ none ~eserved

Totals Men: 800 E-qe- fa: 11

L IfITCI I' ITliH~ L Scale O/I · EEl

"" 0> 'l' ~} '1' C tl L.....

>- 27 --"I ..- 4 6 -tI- I------ I-- 28

~F+ >-'7 ~ 2~V ft FI"f Fr';;; Tq;V~

~ ¢

26 l< 5 t1 or- r-, wn X ft '"' C '"' ,~ I ~ 316 ,t >-p / ft Y+ '" 1'- 35

35 9 34 -

+ / 33 .33 , , 32 31 -l- e 33 -3J 134 37

(iI,'H 8 38 7 ......

" /

10 II

.... . ~

13 2

.' .'

..

F iyun 1: ~ 'I'OIl"'fIrll .. (j .II !lr."w (II' ( ·f,,'(I~lrr_ .• !H . 1 """i,,1 j{fN)" .• /rurl;UI' . /I(,.<Id 01/ f; , I. _ Uf:.' H;T1' •

./r .. . 1.1. 1 fi/I (l9.j(jJ . p. flf;.

=

/f

':y1 ,,/

:j-" "J

",-<, r

"" r-.oJ

0 • - • w • • - • - , , .. - ~ • • ..

.1" lm IkulIt't

~ . M

""f P.........-y

I I I j I I I I I I

.. -• • ~ • -• - ., .' • • •

• , . --

DCn 608 _ In B29

.'" DVn 20

~

~-

f ';Yllr' !: r i,"lm! ( 'IJmJillri~IJll "f"u . I ''''~'''I'' III,,, of III ' (1111/ f'/ ' ,/ :, '" . 1"oW/,tf;/i Iii, {) rd.( Ilf In 829. (1 )', /(1 fmm On 608 , Vn 20, In 829 tlmill" Ma 'l'III./</ .•. )

en 608 Vn 20 M. (commodity A)

} • ,GO " 1.\1 p ;-'82

me-ta."a -- ------ --------- ----- -_.---- -----

• ,GO " [ ~2 pe-to-no -- -- - _.---_.--- .. ---- ---~.--- - .. --

Ibl pa-ki-ja-ne

a-pw-we } • ,GO " - - +.- --_.---- ----_ . .. -

Ib2 ro-u-sole-fa-Io

} , '" " d-jo _._._ ._.- ._._._._._._ ._._._.- .-._._ ..

, ' , IIbl (i-mt-Io-a-/(o ---1-. ra-u-ra-taz

~ ~ .... m

a-~J<l-l11a - ----- t II b2 e-r8-le-re-we za-ma-9-Wl-ja

/ (a-IB-Ie-wi-jal e-(o [e-sa-re-wi-Ial

M lex' order 01 In 829

" "

-- _ .... __ ..

" , ,

. _ . _ .1 • HPlfP boo. ndary

I -- --·1 - liscal group boundary

•

N

1 ~~ PCrlslcria

•

Fillatra •

Onlines •

Hera • KaIopsana

~Gargalia~OI • 1t \ ~Rou'S I

Palaeo 01 Neslor Ie,' <:, \ ..,alna

Beylerbcy . 1 > •

VoldoloDiha ·

~ G0b

.l phl1 lIt'nlH'!

• A",,,,,,

KOlOni

o

km

-;

• '<

'" • o •

20

pu-ro I

LHI-II? T1 • • • • • • • • • •

de-we-ro -a.-ko-ra-i-ja

,e.l/-ko- lo-,o I

••••• pe-raJ-ko-ra-i-ja

,e_u_ko_lo_ro

LHIIIA2 , I I T 2 r-r-r-,----'---r--r---.-rl A? .... ..... ~ ....

l/ ·ml_lo_e·ko • •

de-we-ro-a.-ko-ra-i-ja pe-rar ko-ra-i-ja

LHIlIB T3

L _______________ ...:.'·:-:::;U-ko.,o-ro

•••• • •••• de-we-ro-aJ-ko-ra-i-ja

A = Aigaleon

A • •••• I I I • •

/I_ml_Io .e. ko pe-raJ-ko-ra-i-ja

T = T(i me period)

\.,)7

.