EEKLY COMMERCIAL TIMES. Bankers’ Gasetie, and Railway Monitor :

A POLITICAL, LITERARY, AND GENERAL NEWSPAPER.

Vol. XIII.

| CONTENT S8. THE ECONOMIST.

The Debate.—All Parties in a False CORRESPONDENCE :-—= PEE ctnimosastecsane inatbanbuainaanminn 613 RUOUEG TOR, <<. cccccensesarcces paenaaiiaan 622

Spirit Duties ... ... . 614 Income Tax Paid by Companies ... 622 Mr Gladstone and his. Critics. scsscecesee G14 | Imperial Parliament....cocccscescsceseesese G22 Trade.—Some Present Pecu iarities... .. 615 | News or tas Week :—

thin dy bee penien 6'6 | Court and Aristrocracy sssoe---soeree 624 Mint of the United BORED ccocceccccce ce 617 The Trade of South Australia,...eo.o00, 618 AGRICULTURE :—

Agricultural Review...

Foreign and Colonial .seccsssesseesecee 624 Commercial & Miscellaneous News ... 625 LITERATCRE:—

woe 619 Life with the Zulnus of Natal sreesesee 625 Farmers’ Clubs and Avricaitaal { Corsica, in its Picturesque, Social,

OUIINIID ncnssccosscnsndssanepeenel - 620 | and Histor cal Aspects .. . 626 Spirit of the Tr-de « ‘irculirs aces ene 631 English Battles and Sieges ‘in ‘the Foreign CoRRESPONDENCE :— | Peninsula.. aes ecentes

ParlS. ...ccccocee socceesecssersersesevese sees O22 | Workshop Musit igs ceccscseoces sreseees . 627

THE BANKERS’ GAZETTE AND COMMERCIAL TIMES.

Bank Returns and Money Market ... 627 | Bankers’ Price Current .....

Mails.. 00 00 00 0° ecccene Corn Returns 0@ wesce © © cree coe

LONDON MARA&ETS :— State of Corn Trade forthe Week... 632 Colonial & Foreign Produce Markets 633 POstscti pt .. cocecescesccoccssevesseccensecnes #34

Commercial Epitome ..e.coccos Additional Novices... cescocccce-esee 634 Cotton ... 631 | Gazette ...... oreo 635 Markets of Manufacturing Districts G63! | Priee Cu, rent “ enecees + 636 American Corn and Flour Markets ... 632 | Imports and Exports. evccccsscsscse 689

1 THE RAILWAY MONITOR. Railway and Mining Share Market ... 637 | Share List and Traffic Returns... 638

Che Political Economist.

THE DEBATE.—ALL PARTIES IN A FALSE POSITION. Ir might have been expected after the main motion of Mr Disraeli upon the prosecution of the war and the conduct of the Conferences at Vienna, had been disp sed of before the holidays by so large a majority in favour of the Government, and after the events which have since Lappened at Vienna, which have put an end to further negotiations at present, of all the amendments which remained to be discussed, that the

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debate would have been speedily brought to a close, and that the House of Commons would have passed on to other business, It is, however, now piain that a great number of members wished only for any peg on which to hang a speech on the all-absorbing ‘subjects of the war and the nego- tiations, without any direct reference to the amendments of Sir Francis Baring, Mr Lowe, or Sir William Heathcote. we think that the time of the Hlouse of Commons has been

‘SATURDAY, JUN EB 9, j SR.

————$ ———————

had virtually disposed |

Nor do |

wasted by the four nights of desultory talk in which it has in- | dulged. Parliament is the proper and legitimate place where veut should be given to the strong feelings of the country ;—not only because the representatives of the nation may fairly be si upposed to speak the feelings of the nation, bat also because a degree of | immediate publicity is given to these disens mode of expression of opinion enjoys. We.may rest assured, if

is given in Parliament to such national feelings, they will ex- hibit themselves in a far more dangerous and less beneficial way.

was in a false position, even on the arg ma its on which they relied. In the first place, itis plain that Ministers were in a false position when they were obliged to ete nd the Conferences of Vienna on their owa merits and as a mode of putting an end

, to the war;

| Climea was undertaken by the forces of Englaud and Frauce, they | bad set themselves a task, the accomplishment of which was ne- | essary as a preliminary to peace, and that no peace which Could have been made at Vienna while the allied armies re-

| “a ined, after all their sacrif ices, bafiled before Sebastopol, wonld ave been satistactory at the present, or safe for the future. very one 1 mane must feel that had the negotiations for

! € been made under circumstances dictated by a | More decided success of Our gprs, tue differences which

txisted were not sufficient fo break them off. On the } ber hand, under circumstances as they actually existed,

2 ——___—_ —

for it must be evident to any one who has watched | | these discussions, that from the moment the expedition to the

sions which no other |

the people feel strongly upon anything, that unless expression |

|

| }

jt uncture.

suggested by the motion; and the consequence was

It is, however, impossible to rise from a perusal of the debate | without feeling that every party to it, and there were at least Sour,

No. 615.

most men must feel that no good could have arisen nad Russia even accepted the terms offered by the Allies. Bat, then, it will de asked, why the Conferences at all? It is now pretty plain that they were entered upon rather out of deference to Austria than from any confident hope that they would lead to peace.

In the next place, the Ministers who recently seceded from the Government were also in a false position. They not only ac- quiesced 1n the war at its commencement, but as it happened by the distribution of offices, they filled the chief executive depart- ments for the conduct of tue war. They planned and executed the expedition to the Crimea. They acquiseced in every measure for a vigorous prosecution of the war up tothe day of their retire- ment a few weeks ago. Now we freely admit that they were able to show that many reasons existed for the declaration of the war, which cannot now be urged for its continuance. We give them the fall benefit of the changed position and tone of Russia in March, 1854, as compared with March, 1855; and we at once admit that one- half of the concessions made by Russia between those periods, if made before the declaration of the war, would have been amply sufficient to have prevented a breach of peace. Bat none kuow better than such statesmen as Sir James Graham, Mr Ilerbert, and Mr Gladstone, that with an actual state of war all the cir- cumstances are practically changed; and that conditions which would be sufficient to prevent war, are not snflicient suddenly to put anendtoit. There is no denying the fact, that as long as two nations have not measured their respective strengths, they may easily patch up a dispute without loss of honour or prestige, but that as soon as a country like Eagland has with reluctance embarked in « great project, it cannot retire in the midst of it, without loss of all that gives it weight in the eyes of the world, and that is, after all, the only real security against frequeut repe- titions of disastrous wars. But the false position in which those polititians have placed themselves, proceeds from the fact, that all the concessions made by Russia up to the moment of their leaving office, do not appear to have diminished dy one iota their convictions of the necessity of the war. And without charging them with anything like unfair dealing,, it is not a far-fetched inference that, had they continued in office up to this time, they would have been led by events from day to day to the exact position in which the actual Government aud the great majority of the couutry find themselves.

The false position in which Mr Disraeli and his friends have placed themselves 1s too obvious to require much notice. With- out offering to Parliament any distinct policy of their own— without showing any alceruative set of administrators whom the country would for a moment endure, they asked the House of Commons to censure the policy and administratioa of the Govern ment. It may be that many besides themselves had not much confidexce in the Government; but certain it is that none except the immediate supporters oi Mr Disraeli were prepared alternative

, that in place of damaging the Government they exhibited it with tie triump)- ant majority of one hundred. But Mr Disraeli’s false moves have notended there. He and his friends acquiescedin the Conferences. They vow profess that they were ill-timed—ill-conducted—aund that the conditions offered were inadequate for the purpose iu view. But the Conferences are at an end; n0 consequeuces have arisen trom them; and what they have been fighting about lor the last week is a mere shadow.

But no party has placed itself in some respects in so false a position as the Peace party :—that is Mr Bright, Mr Cobden, and Mr Gibson. In their advocacy of peace they bave been Consistent from the first, and it is easy to understand their Course at this

But what we have to complain of is, that they cou-

to accept the only

tinually and pertinacicusly confuse their advocacy of peace with an advocacy of Russia and all that is Russian, aud with @ depre- cation of all that is Turkisb. They remind us of the flagrant blunders made by the W higs in the F re uch rey olati onary Wars

who col ifound: a] t! Meir Oppos siti yu to the war its \f Ww ith an od.

vocacy of thechief agents of tue revolution and an actual admi-

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—

614 e . ration of Napoleon, at the moment when, contrary to all their

own principles of freedom, he was playing the absolute despot.

so Mr Bright and Mr Cobden, in their zeal against the war,

lose no opportunity to applaud the great head of all despotism,

and altogether lose sight of the fact that their special protege

was the person who, without a pretext, broke the peace of Europe

by an invasion of his neighbour's territory. What can be more

inconsistent ? Is it necessary for the maintenance of peace doc-

trines that men should indulge in the support of everything that

is abhorrent to the best and most patriotic feelings of Englishmen ?

To one conclusion all must arrive as the result of these debates,

viz., that the cause of peace has been damaged chiefly by those

who would be its chief advocates, and that they have left the

country more indisposed for peace, more determined to prosecute

the war, than if they had not spoken a word ;—and the Executive,

in whose ever hands it may be, less capable of resuming negotia-

tions, wheu the proper time may come.

MR GLADSTONE AND HIS CRITICS. Tue most miserable part of public life in all countries possessing popular institutions is the want of truth, fairness, and candour which disgraces the conflicts of the political arena. It is this which makes just men weary of its toils, sick of its strife, ashamed

We have no patience with men who cannot or will not recognise a masterly argument, because it proceeds from an opponent and it is directed agaiust themselves. press aud on the benches of the House of Commons whenever rivalry waxes strong and public interest grows keen, it would seem impossible to discover sense in reasoniogs that are not ours, or houesty in a course of action which we feel it incumbent upon us to oppose. ‘Ilo impute sincerity and pure design to an antago- nist (save in the stereotyped and hypocritical phrases of Parlia- mentary decorum) is treated as if it were a degree of ludicrous simplicity ; and to admit that a view of the question which clashes with our own may yet be clear, consistent, and logically tenable, is regarded as a sort of incomprehensible treachery to our own cause. The darkest colour is given to all questionable proceed- ings; the worst motives are imputed to the best men ; the shal- lowest follies are charged upon the most sagacious thinkers ; we cut ourselves off from the profit and enlighteument that the wisest of us might derive from placing ourselves in the stand-punct of an opponent; and the discussions of a deliberate assembly lose the high and serviceable character of consaltative argument, and essume the wretched aspect of a cut, thrust, and stab fencing — or“ an up and down fight” between bitter aud maligaant oes.

speech of singular force, earnest eloquence, and acute ability, in which he impugned in no measured terms the wisdom and justice of continuing the war, We heard that speech. We listened to the orator for two hours with unflagging interest and admiration, and we are bound to say that we never heard arguments so skil- fully marshalled or so brilliantly expressed, statements so lucid, declamation so impassioned yet so chasteved and restrained, and facts and documents so ably collected and displayed irresistibly to suggest and shadow forth the desiguedconclusion. And if one thing was made clearer than another to our minds as we listened, it was the deep self-conviction of the speaker, and the solemn sense of respousibility under which he addressed his audience. Yet ever since it was delivered that speech has been the object of the most uumeasured invective and the most shameless and per- verse misrepresentation. a piece of glaring and shallow sophistry, plain to the meanest capacity aud prompted by the meanest motives. Ouly as far back as Tuesday it was descrived in one leading article as ‘something ‘* between the rant of the fanatic and the trick of the stage- ““actor;” aud the language of other critics has been not far hehind this choice morsel of taste and judgment; while several have not even disdained to descend to the usual vulgar, self- refuting, and self-accusing insinuation that the loss of office is the key to the whole matter, and that Mr Giadstone’s doctrines are solely the consequence of the special bench on which he sits.

It seems strange that it should devolve upon us to take tp the

Mr Gladstoue that we are auxions to stand up for:—it is the | cause of fair weapons and honest warfare—of that candour with- out which discussion is valneless—of that decent justice which alone can prevent antagonism from degenerativg into scurrility. On the special subject of the speech in question we differ from Mr Gladstone toto calo; we _demur to his statement of the

| Objeots ia-dispnte; we diesent from his estimate of the relative consequences of compromise aud war; we take exception to some of his premises; and we altogether repudiate his conclusion. He is for accepting terms of accommodation which we deem de- plorable and disastrous: we are for prosecuting hostilities with greater vigour and to a farther issue than most even of our countrymen. Yet it devolves upou us, the advocates of war, thst per agaiust the pitiful nufairness shown to the advo-

Cate of peace ; and we should despise ourselves were we unable to do justice to the character ort i i : OQ appreciate the reasonia formidable opponent. ” _—s

erences SL ST —

THE ECONOMIST.

Mr Gladstone’s position was a tenable and intelligible one, and such as a man of ability and conscience might well assume. His argument was a finished and consistent piece of logic, such as, from the point of view of kis former colleagues, seems to us, we confess,

Judging by the language held in the daily

Just before the Whitsuntide recess Mr Gladstone delivered a |

|

| those terms—the terms proposed at Vienna—were calculated to

|

Journal after journal has treated it as |

end-els on bebait of a political antagonist; but in truth it is not |

(June 9.

very difficalt to answer. On us it makes no impression, because we have always aimed at a higher and more substantial purpose in the war than that avowed by diplomatists, and our object being greater, we were naturally prepared to pay a heavier price for its attainment. But how those who in 1853 were willing to accept the * Vienna Note,” (and were only withheld from enforcing it by Turkish sagacity and Russian indiscretion), and who in 1855 were anxious to make peace on the basis of the Four Points,—should | now turn round on Mr Gladstone and treat bis argument as mon. | strous and himself as @ recreant and traitor, passes our Compre- hension.

Mr Gladstone’s original reluctance to undertake a war in de-.

| | }

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—S—$§ $5 — $$$

fence of a Mahometan Goverement and a barbarous despotism is | no secret and no matter of surprise. He avowed it plainly enough at Manchester before hostilities broke out. His horror of war in itself and for any cause is shared to the full by most religious men, and is echoed in a measure by all of us. Still he, in common with, his colleagues and his countrymen, felt that our ally must be as- sisted, and that the unjust aggression of Russia must be repelled. But having no zeal for Ottoman independence, and no faith ix Ottoman endurance or regeneration, and having moreover (what seems to us) a somewhat exaggerated conception of the evil and the siu of bloodshed, he was naturally and consistently desirous to avoid war if possible, to restrict it within the narrowest limits if it proved unavoidable, to have as little of it az might be, and to end it as soon as the circumstances which compelled us to com- mence it had ceased to exist. According!y he, in conjunction with his colieagues, made demands upon Russia which we deeined | moderate eveu to futility ; and, when in her arrogance and rash- | ness she rejected those demands, he enlarged them no further tha: was indispensably necessary in his opinion to secure Turkey from ruin, at present and for the immediate future. All this was avowed by word or deed ; and in all this, though we regard it as an error, there was nothing absurd or inconsistent. In all this the majority of onr public men concurred.

Hither the war was a question of oBsects or of Terms. Therein lies the kernel of the whole matter; and this kernal Mr Glad- stone discerned and seized far more clearly and sagaciously than his antagonists. If you are fighting for certain onsrcts (other than the terms discussed at Vienna as the Four Points), \et them be defined and avowed. If you are fighting for certain TERMS, let us keep the discussion within the limits of those terms. Now Myr Gladstone was perfectly justified in compelling his opponents to fight him in this sentry-box. Both Ministers and the House had declared that it was a question of terms ; that they were wiiling and had offered to make peace on those terms ; that they were continuing the war in order to extort those terms. (Whether

secure the objects of the war, was a question which Ministers had tied themselves out from discussing, and which was not then before the House. Wisely or unwisely, England was bound by pro- mise to make peace on those terms if Russia would have ac- cepted them.) Now, the argument being confined within this limited arena—an arena chosen not by Mr Gladstone, but by those he was addressing and those he was opposing—we maiutain that his position was strong, tenable, and clear, if not absolutely | triumphant, and that on that count in the indictment his acver- | saries had no case or only alame one. They had consented to make peace on the Four Points: Russia bad conceded three of these; she demurred only to our proposed method of carrying into effect the fourth. She suggested one plan: we urged ano- ther: tothe difference between these two plans the discrepancy between the belligerent negotiators was now reduced :—/or this difference, then, we were now carrying on the war. The logic is

| irresistible : there is no flaw in it. Now, what was this difference? It related to the mode of cau-

celling or effacing the naval preponderance of Russia in the Black Sea. Neither party supposed that Turkey of herself could make

| head against this preponderance :—Russia proposed tocountervail it by empowering the Sultan to call up his allied fleet whenever he pleased or whenever he fancied himself in danger ;—we pro- posed to countervail it by a restriction on the nuwber of Russian

ships, and by the admission of a limited number of French aud English vessels into the mare clausum. Now, we do not agree with Mr Gladstone that the Russian proposal would have beea the most effective of the two, or indeed that it would have beea effective at all.

sidering the practicability of transporting an iuvadivg army commercial vessels a voyage of afew hours, considering als0 |

|

| |

| that the whole Euxine affords no secure un-Russian harbout

wherein the allied fleets could ride,x—we think the English scheme

ouly a few degrees less futile that the Russian one. Indeed -_ was fairly enough admitted by Lord Jobn Russell and Lord Pal-

merston. ‘Ihe points in disput® between the belligereuts wer?

therefore, reduced to the difference between two schemes, bot!

But we do agree with him in thinking that nelr | ther would the proposal of the Allies have been effective. Col- | sidering the facilities afforded by the harbour of Sebastopol avd | the Russian rivers for the evasion of the required restrictiou, oe |}

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1855.] confessedly imperfect ; and Mr Gladstone was correct, logical, and irrefutable by Ministers, when he told the House that they had broken off the Con‘erences and were now continuing the war for the preference between two imperfect and unsatisfactory solutions of the problem ;—that they were shedding blood and wasting treasure for the choice between degrees of imperfection and ineffi- ciency. Further than this he did not go. Thus far he was tho- roughly warranted in going.

And having brought his argument to this point, and exposed to his opponents and to the country the weakness and valner- ability of the position icto which they had been brought by an imperfect grasp and an inadequate conception of the quarrel,— he was surely not chargeable either with fanaticism or histrionic art when he turned round upon his audience, and solemnly ad- jored them to consider whether they cou!d hold themselves justi- fied as men of conscience and humanity in continuing to pour forth gallant and loyal blood in streams for the sake of so small and so questionable a discrepancy as that which alone now re- mained. Life, whether Muscovite or British, is a precious pos- session and asolemn trust,—a price not to be refused for an adequate treasure,—-a means not to be grudged fcr a just end ; —but assuredly not to be lightly sacrificed or lightiy taken. War is a word which invo'ves a whole catalogue of sufferings aud crimes ; and war, undertakeu or prolonged for a trifle, is a heinous and a deadly sin, as surely as war, waged for sacred principles and worthy aims, is a legitimate and sanctioned instrument. And had we been prepared to make peace on three points plus one futile concession, we should have found it hard to meet an antagonist who was for making peace on the same three points plus a concession different indeed and greater, but still futile.

For ourselves, Mr Gladstone's artillery passed us harmless by. | His darts rebounded from our armour of proof, or failed to reach | the position in which we had entrenched ourselves. We always | professed to fight for objects, not for terms. We never fancied that the Vienna terms would secure the objects we had in view. | When, therefore, Mr Gladstone propounded the dilemma :— “ Either you must treat with Kussia as a Power whom promises “will bind, or you must not treat with her at all on paper :— | “ either you must accept the terms which she ia now willing to | “ offer or some so slightly different as not to be worth a prolon- | ‘* gation of the strife, or you must prosecute hostilities to the “length of a ‘material guarantee :’—either you must be satisfied | “ with repelling her and baffling her designs, cr you must not | “ stop short of incapacitating her for further mischief for at least “a iong period ahead,’—we acknowledge that he has seized the real gist of the matter, and made a correct and discerning state- ment of the problem; we accept his view of the conditions of the casein hand ;—but while he, satisfied with obtaining much more than he asked at first, and anxious above all things to stop the eflusion of blood, would acquiesce in a settlement obviously tem- porary and confessedly imperfect,—we deliberately prefer to pro- secute the war to such an issue as will substantially indemnify us for our losses and our sacrifices, and afford us some rational security against a recurrence of calamities and violence which we deplore and denounce as earnestly as himself.

SPIRIT DUTIES. Two very important Bills have been introduced into Parliament during the last week :—the one is to enable distillers of spirit to use duty free malt, manufactured in bond, to any extent they please, an additional duty of twopenee per gallon being charged onthe spirit as av equivalent of the duty on the malt heretofore used in common grain spirit. But the great advantage will be, tbat in fature distillers will have the power to use any proportion of malt they please, and thereby of improving the quality of the Spirit.

The other measure is for the purpose of allowing spirits of wine to be used free of duty for the purposes of art aud manufactures, This wili be a most important advantage to a large class of trades, in which spirits are used as a solvent of gums. The Bills are not printed, but when they are, we will give a detail of their provisions,

TRADE.—SOME PRESENT PECULIARITIES. CORN AND COTTON.

One of the most remarkable circumstances in our time is found recorded in our weekly market reports. It is not likely to escape the notice of our mercantile readers, but it deserves to have the attention of the general reader attracted to it. Last week we Stated that a demand for corn had come from France. At the

same time, small quantities of flour and wheat, the produce of some other countries, were finding their way, week after week, rom Marseilles hither. We had to mention, also, that supplies Which had been coming hither from Belgium had been diverted to a better market. The same was the case with cargoes afloat, on their way from Stettin and other parts: they were ordered to France. Lately also we have had to mention almost weekly the arrivals of flour in considerable quantities from Spain. France, we how learn, is having recourse to the same source of supply, aud,

€ ourselves, is procuring flour from herneighbour. In ordinary

615 | LE |

seasons we import large quantities of flour and wheat from the United States : lately we have sent small quantities of breadstuffs from Liverpool to that country. It has been taking also Spanish | fiour. Last year to this period, from the end of the previous Sep- | tember, we received from the States 1,704,007 bris of flour and | 5,212,339 qrs of wheat: this year we have only received 130.708 | bris of flour and 206,815 qrs of wheat. In the United States, prices are fully as high as they are here, and the people both | | there and in Canada rejoice amazingly over the completion of the reciprocity treaty, which made the breadstuffs of our colony thoroughly available in the States. Now the remarkable circumstance which spronts ont from all this | sending of cornand flour from one place to another—equally from a third place to France or Engiand, from France to England and from England to France, from America to England and trom | Englaud to America—is that the price of these essential art cles of | human subsistence has approximated to nearly one sum through- out the commercial world. A certain weight of gold or silver ex- changes in Paris, Londov, New York, Cadiz, Stettin, Alexandria, &e., &c., for about an equal quantity of wheat, or the difference in price at the different places is only such a small sum as will | pay the expeuse of transport and any Government restrictions where they exist, from one place to another. Cousidering the in- fluence of seasons, of climate, of the value of labour, and of all the

—_—_—_—_—_—_—_—_———eee oS .—0—0>aOoMa>__oo STS OOOEOEETETTETETETET—E——

THE ECONOMIST.

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| circumstances which affect the price of corn in different places, | | this uniformity in its price, over such a wide extent of country, is for us about as remarkable an exemplification of the effects | of free communication as we remember.

Some of the consequences, too, are remarkable. England, which | used to be the dearest market in the world for wheat, and iu which it was supposed tie price would fall with free trade to some 30s per quarter, is now probably, in relation tothe general wealth of the people, the cheapest market, aad certainly it is the best sup- plied. We receive from all other countries, but some come to us for a share of our stock. Instead, too, of the price of wheat being down to 30s, itis up to a price which in the days of re- striction would be justly called a famine level, but which the community now bears without utteriug a reproach or suffering a hardship. Now the differences in price between place and place are comparatively trifling to what they were while our corn laws existed ; nevertheless the tratlic is iufinitely great. A small difference in price now suffices to bring flour from France hither, or send flour hence to France, and so an immense and continual traffic takes place between all the intercommunicating countries as prices vary ineach. Every transaction gives appro- priate profit, appropriate employment, and appropriate wages to some persons; and by merely removing odious, contemptible, and scientifically discredited restrictions, the well-being, not merely of England, but of the whole commercial world, and even of mankind generally, has been wonderfully augmented. With such evidence of the beneficial results of freedom, such an astounding proof of the effects of allowing ful! swing to private in- terest, in bringing about consequences nationally and socially be- neficial, regular too and uniform like the laws of Nature from which they proceed, it will be dangerous for Governments any longer to withhold freedom, and any longer to mistrust the principles of humane nature as they are developed by trade. Anothersomewhat remarkable circumstance, considering we are

at war, and considering the predictions of some persons, is the present high price and consumption of cotton. The crop in the United States is short, being only 2,800,000 for 2,900,000 bales, but not so short as to have a very great effect on the markets had consumption not increased. Our mercantile readers will be well aware of this fact, but let us state here that the total con- sumption between January 1st and the last week in May as re- ported in our weekly account of the cotton market was :—

ConscumrtTion of Corton. 1853 1854 1355

bales bales bales 829,270 0.00 T29,290 oes... 1,039,170

Lease than 1855 ..c-coce.scooe 209,850 ...-.. 299,850 ...

Average aes 39,000 cncce 85,000 «0000 49,60 bales per week o......

Though the crop in the United States is short up to this time, Great Britain has received 31,000 ba!es more of the crop of 1854 than she received to the same period of the crop of 1853. ‘Thus, in spite of the war and inspite of a short crop of cotton, in spite of dear corn anc failing trade to Australia and the United States, the consumption of cotton has been one-fourth in excess of the flourishing year 1853, and more than a third in excess of 1504. | | These facts are worth consideration.

It is reasonably expected by Messrs Du Fay and Co. that

“ the present high prices will bring cotton forward rapidiy,” but |

as yet this effect has not ensued. The last Trade Tables show

the imports from the different countries to have been as fol-

lows :— Imports of Raw Cotron in Four Motus.

1853

|

SSS ee

|

|

|

| 1854 i855

ewts cwts cwls

United States of Americn......ccss 2,829,920 s+. 2,129,474... 2,467,651

ROE cctietccctusinstaiincanertaneians 22,908 sce 52,491 49.51¢

EE cricicthictiivianncninanet Cian WI an See | Bectttale Sadieies sc: cccccossccsscsecesceccee © 437,258 357,145 «+ 267,248

Other Paste ccocccccccesscorccccessccceses 3,885 6,298 5,157 omeneaees ee me niniandeinai

Total eee ee eeceeeroeces 3,40i,480 2,591,259 2,836,737

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THE ECONOMIST. ) 616

Thus it will be seen that, notwithstanding the short crop in the

States (at present they have sent us more in 1855 than in 1854,

but not so much as in 1853), the supply from other sources, ex-

cept Egypt, has been smaller in 1855 than in either of the pre-

ceding years, and the supply from Egypt, though greater than in

1854, is less than in 1853. We may infer, therefore, that the rise

in price hitherto has pot been sufficient to bring increased sup-

plies from India and other places ; but these will, no doubt, come when it is seen that the rise will probably be permanent, In con-

sequence of the enlarged consumption and the comparative defi-

ciency in the crop of the United States. : It may be of some use to our readers if we add, in order that

they may see whence our supplies have been drawn and in what proportions during the last three years,

Tue Tora Imports of CoTTon in 1x52 1853 1854 cwt ewt cwt

United States of Amer'cs.........« ae 6,835,987 ooo... 5,879,034 ...00 6,447,032 Deel cccnccunecssemaniatoiieaien eRe LER REE wom See Dia, aioe Siberian 409,139 ssoe 250,607 oo... 208,510 British [ndit..ccoc....cosccccssseccese oes 758,535 covece 1,623,644 oon 1,075,173 ene TS sintsntemiinnses seen EP ewe BASES concce 21,004

RN i ictiaisy inienenn LID hisccne 7,993,560 see. 7,922,662 — The total of the cotton wool exported ia the three years wasin

1852 1853 1854 cwts cwrs cwts RIT pterncnonttancanibann LEIA | canancisvvciencse 1,121,025

leaving ia these years for our consumption— 7,302,662 seccsorereceseccerere 6,667,045 poamsiccnnce : MORRST

From which it appears that the supply for home consumption was considerably less in the two years 1853 and 1854 than in 1852, yet the consumption was much increased, leaving a con- tinually decreasing stock year after year. At the same time, we may infer from the increase of our exports in 1853 and 1854, as compared to 1852, that the other countries of Europe have also increased their consumption as well as England. The exports in the four months of the present year and the two pre- ceding years were as follows, though the reader must remember that the four months of 1855 are five days short of the two pre- vious four months.

Exports of Corron in Foun Montas, 1853 1854 1355 cwts cwts cwrs

397,533 seseereeesees eoseeres 278,773 scesseeeesee covee 253,11 £

To make up, however, for our diminished exports in the pre- sent year, it appears that the exports from the United States to Frauce from September to date have exceeded the exports of the previous year by no less than 90.839 bales, the quantities beiag— 1854, 249,095 bales ; 1855, 340,744; showing a continued increase in the consumption in France. ‘The other figures tend to justify the opinion that the consumption is gradually increasing in other countries. From this, we believe we must except the United States, where the consumption is not increasing. We are not surprised, therefore, to find that the stocks at Liverpool and in the

} United States now compare as follows :— Stock. Computed.

Liverpool, June 1. United Stats, May 22.

i i ' !

Bales. Bales, 608,00) 325,009

© 8B, OO crccccccccee

531,120 ceecer.+r000 1854... ccccccccsccssveserene see 1555...c00000 secvcevsccoses doe cescceces

Decrease in 1855.......004. ss000 535,880 £83,000 Total decrease 1855 ...ccccccscsecesceeeeeee 619,850

If, according to the statement of the New York circular else- where noticed, there are yet, according to the estimate of the crop, 72,000 bales more to come forward than at the correspond- ing period last year, there are 60,000 less bales now afloat than last year, making only 12,000 to be deducted from the 619,880 bales, and leaving a deficiency 0! 607,880 bales.

A rapidly increasing corsumption of cotton in Europe has not been met by an equally rapidly-ivcreasing supply, and the present relative condition of the supply to the demand seems to justify an advance of price, unless a greatly diminished con- sumption can be brought about. What supplies may yet be ob-

}| tained from India, the Brazils, Egypt, &c., we know uot ; but, {| judging from the imports of the three last years, they are not

likely to supply the great deficiency in the stocks jn-t noticed. A decrease in consumption, which is recommended, can only be ac- complished by the state of the market, not by the will of individual spinners ; for if some lessen their consumption of the raw mate- rial while the demand of the market is for more cloth, it will be supplied by others either here or abroad ; and the only real solu- tion of the difficulty or means of lowering the price is an in- creased supply. This pomts to other exertions then those which have been latterly directed to the production of fibrous materials to be converted directly into paper. Exertions ought rather to be directed to the production of fibrous materials which shall be used for textile fabrics, and so much larger supplies of rags—the cheapest and best material for making paper will be obtained. But theoretical{production and the schemers who propose it, not guided by the market demands, are generally erroneous, and what we now require is more and cheaper material for clothing as the means of getting more rags to make paper.

| Another important deduction may be made from the state of the cottonmarket. It has not been affected, at least the production of cotton with the importation into Europe has not been disturbed, by the war, and yet it'seems not to have kept pace with the consump-

| tion. From this we infer that legislative restrictions on traffic,

|

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[June 9,

permanently affecting the habits of the people submissive to them, and of all their customers, have a much more pernicious effect on production and trade than national outpourings in war of indigna- tion and anger—which, if terrible in their effects, are of short dura- tion. These are in the order of Nature, except as they are slowly corrected and improved by knowledge; while the restrictions— the offspring of ignorance and misplaced ambition—are at all times opposed to her beneficient ordinances.

MR PITT’S LOANS. Mr Newmarca, towards the conclusion of a paper on “ The Loans Raised by Mr Pitt,” read before the Statistical Society, and published in the valuable journal of the society for the present quarter, quotes some remarks of that statesman as a justification of the practice of borrowiug, instead of raising within the year the supplies for the expenses of the year. Practically, the question for the present has been decided. A loan has been made to carry on the war, and we have no other object in view in noticing the subjeet than to re-establish the truth. To influence our policy on this point at present is impossible.

The words of Mr Pitt are :—‘‘ Whatever objections might have “ been fairly urged against the funding system in its origin, no man “ can suppose that, atter the form and shape which it has given to “ our financial affairs, after the heavy burdens which it has left be- * hind it, we can now recur to the notion of raising in one year the “‘ whole of the supplies, which a scale of expense so extensive ag “ours must require.” Mr Pitt admitted, then, that borrowing left heavy burdens behind it, and of course tended to “ cripple the * vigour of posterity,” and to prevent them from asserting that rank in the scale of nations which he by his measures wished, as he stated, to give them the power to assert. Thus, in his opinion, his own loans were crippling the future vigour which he | desired to see preserved. But his obvious self-contradiction in | two sentences is of less importance than his mistaking the facts | concerning loans. | Mr Pitt felt the heavy burdens entailed by former loans: they |

crippled the vigour of the Government more than the vigour | of the people. The chief difference they made as to the latter, was to distribute the power of the whole differently, and to lessen it by the restrictions of the taxation necessary to pay the in- terest of the debt. The taxes previously levied on malt, on land, on sugar, on whatever else destined to pay this interest, of | course prevented the Government from levying such taxes. This | part of its possible resources was forestalled; but, except from | the evils inherent in the taxation levied to pay the interest, the | loans did not cripple the vigour of the nation. They were not i raised abroad. The produce of taxes to pay interest was handed | over toa part of the people. The heavy burdens of previous loans | were benefits to those who received the interest. The aunuitants |, andthe obligations to pay them crippled, pro tanta, not them orthe || people, of whom they were apart, but the Government. The only bur- den which those loans threw on posterity was noxious taxation and || the support of annuitants in idleness, That the loans were | mischievous to a high degree is our argument; but they were more || a deduction from the power of the Government than from thatof the /| whole people. They transferred the property of some to others. || They taxed one class for the benefit of another; they perpetuated || this injustice ; and were in essence directly at variance with Mr i Pitt’s professed object “ of allotting fairly and equally to every |; ** class that portion of taxation which each ought to bear.” |

|

When Mr Pitt said “no man could suppose that we could recur “to the notion of raising the whole of the supplies in one year, “ which a scale of expense so extensive as ours must require,” be | appears to have still laboured under the old prejudice that money | was wealth, that he was about to expend money rather than || mouney’s worth, or he could not for one moment have supposed that 1 the supplies, su far as material objects were concerned—wholly | irrespective of the opposition of the moniedand other classes—could \ not have been raised within the year. Since Mr Pitt’s time, it has | been emphatically and correctly taught, that all wealth is periodi- |, cally created and periodically consamed—some renewals being in shorter periods and others in louger periods than a year ; but the || bulk of all the wealth of society is produced and cousumed from harvest to harvest, and the average of all the different periods is | properly taken as from year to year. ‘This is equally true of capi- | tal described as accumulated ; for al! capital saved is expended or consumed within the year, or no interest could be paid on it, ex- cept as it is preserved in buildings, instruments, &c., (fixed capital) to facilitate future production. It is physically impossi- ble, therefore, for any statesman, except in avery small degree, to transfer the real expenditure of the nation—not the money ¢X- penditure—from one year to another immediately in succession; aud he cem ict, therefore, pass over from year to year, and iransfer the ex;enditure to some period a quarter or half a century re moved. What Mr Pitt really found impracticable was nut the raising of all the supplies, of men, food, arms, clothing, ammu- nition, &c., &¢., in the year (for all these actually were raised and |

cousumed in every successive year as they were wanted), but the levying from the middle classes and owners of capitai —enriched by former loans, and made powerful, as against the Government, by giving them a portion of its possible revenues—their fair share

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1855.] of the expenses of the war. They had benefited by former loans ; they were largely benefiting by them when Mr Pitt required to raise more money; they were very influential; they were only inclined to support the war as they were enabled to profit by it ; and the only impracticability consisted in the resistance expected from them, or actually made by them, to largelv-increased tax- ation. The opinion of the opulent classes, incinding the land- owners who possessed all the emoluments of the Government, averse to submit to taxation on themselves, and extremely ready to profit by it on others, may be Mr Pitt’s justification, and the justification of his successors, in havirg recourse to loans ; but the actual expenses of the nation in the year were always raised in the year, though the State annuitants were’moreor less exonerated from contributing their share. How far modern wars have been fostered by the opulent classes thus escaping from the cost of them, or even profiting by loans, is an important subject for the consideration of the moralist rather than the political economist. Mr Pitt’s “ working scheme” and the working scheme of his

successors has amuch closerconnection with the opinions of the opulent classes than “ with dislocating,” as Mr Newmarch says, “ the nicely balanced system of the nationalindustry.” It may be admitted that the loans and the taxes to pay them did not wrench any of the national industries from their holdings. Neither would a system of equitable taxation levied from every man in propor- tion to his means. In fact, however, the loans were taken ex- clnsively from one part of the national wealth—floating capital— usnally employed in facilitating trade, and the consequence was, that through the greater part of the war the interest of money was very high—as the rule considerably higher than the legal standard, acd must proportionally have impeded the operations of the merchant and of all private borrowers whocarried on trade by the help of credit. Subsequeat experience, and the knowledge of the facts which determine the rate of interest, entitle us to infer that the high rate ot interest during the war was the conse- quence of the successive appropriations by the Government of the floating capital. At the same time the loans had, as might be ex- pected, the effect of impoverishing to an extraordinary degree the labouring multitude on whom they threw—exonerating the lenders—the bulk of the taxation. The condition of the labour-

|| ing classes between 1792 and 1815, in spite of the numerous im- | provements which facilitated production and increased the demand for labour, was, as is universally admitted, very much deterio- rated. Ifthe loans dislocated none of our industry, they dislo- cated the: several classes, and increased the differences between

| them. ‘The action of the Government increased the wealth of the | opulent andthe poverty of the poor, and contributed to the degra-

| dation of the multitude, which is now, and has ever since been, | a source of nativnal lamentation, national grief, and national || shame. ‘| Besides borrowing this passage from Mr Pitt, Mr New- | march, replying to some objections made to loans, states that 'a large addition to indirect taxation would be paid in many

| cases by encroachments on capital, which he supposes to ‘(| be an evil, and he defends loans which are altogether an

abstraction from, and destruction of, capital. That raising the _ supplies by loans will diminish the desire of any class for peace, we do not assert ; but undoubtedly an unwillingness to brave the un- popularity of increased taxation have led to substitute for it loans that enabled the monied classes to profit at the expense of the other classes. That loans for the State are obtained from the “ overflowing of capital, or the constant current of leakage,” is a mere metaphorical mode of expressing the fact that they are

' taking from the abundance which stimulates every kind of peace- fal, though sometimes, from miscalculation, not profitable enter- prise. It seems to us not true that the labouring classes are be- nefited by the loans of Government, as the capital invested in them

| would not be allowed to be idle if left in the hands of capitalists, and || employed in stimulating productive enterprise; nor does it seem | true that asum necessary to pay the war expenses of the year,

geeing that they are actually paid, could not beraised by a judicious | aud equitable system of direct taxation, embracing all classes like the poor rates, the produce of which might be collected by due application of the present banking system, at the periods most Convenient for the tax-payers. It isa convenient doctrine for

, the Chancellor of the Exchequer for the time being, but not for his successor, to maintain that we can have no more equitable,

| Productive, and simple system of taxation than the present; but it exposes the public to continued injury to encourage such a con- | Venient doctrine. The obstacles to increasing dircct taxation for

|| 4 proper purpose and proper means, are rather mental than ma- || terial fears and iudolence more than want of wealth or a proba- \| bility of deranging industry,

Mr Newmarch quotes in defence of the morality of loans, this passage from Mr J. S. Mill:—‘ In an improving country the ne- essary expenses of the Government do not increase in the same

«ato as capital or population; any burden therefore is always : less felt ; and since these extraordinary expenses of Government whieh are fit to be incurred at all are mostly beneficial beyond : the existing generation, there is no injustice in making posterity Pay & part of the price, if the inconvenience would be extreme of defray ingthe wholeot it by the exertions and sacrifices of the gene-

THE ECONOMIST.

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$17 “* ration which first incurred it.” Surely Mr J. S. Mill is deceived by the meaning of the word price. Fora community, price is not so much money, but the exertion, the actual sacrifice, the em- ployment of so much labour; and bow can this be thrown on any subsequent generation ? Loans merely exonerate, we repeat, a part of the existing generation—the lenders and the posterity which in- herits their rights—from sharing the general sacrifice, and exone- rate them by throwing an additional burden on the other part of the existing generation and of posterity. It is true,as Mr Mill says, that any specific burden is less felt by the community, as a whole, as it increases in wealth and population ; but a specific

—_—— eee, —— tie

burden laid on one class only, and that class, though increasing | in numbers, not increasing in wealth, becomes more and more | onerous. ‘This was the case with the taxes levied on the land- owners to pay the interest of the loans when, after the peace, they ceased to flourish{as they had flourished; and it was the case with the labourers, who, iu addition to their other taxes, were ex- pressly made by the corn Jaw, as far as it could operate, to pay | a large share of the taxes which the loans imposed on the land. | It ought not to be forgotten that the burdens on the land to pay | the national debt were the pretext for the corn law, which was | supposed to equalise in some degree the condition in regard to taxation of the owners of land and capitalists—the labourers having been wholly disregarded in what was supposed to bea contest between these classes.

Supposing the tax to pay the interest of a loan be levied on malt, and the consumption of malt to go on increasing, the sum obtained by it will, ou the supposition, be more than sufficient to pay the interest of the loan; but, inasmuch as it will be levied on an increasing number of persons, or on an increasing number of bushels of malt, it will, in fact, be a greater burden, It will be equally onerous for each person, and will fall on more persons. Either the rate must be lessened, or the tax must be re- pealed. Both have taken place as the community has increased, but both arefto a certain extent the extinction‘of evil; and thus we ex- tort from Mr Mill’s remark a testimony to the fact that the tax- ation, imposed to pay the interest of loans, is an injury to those who have to pay it in proportion to its amount and daration. It does not expire with the year. The taxation to supply the ex- penses of the year ends with the year: the taxation to pay the interest of loaus may be a terrific burden through many genera- tions.

As a moral justification of burdening one portion of posterity (the labouring classes) for another class (the annuitants), Mr New- march asks, ** What sufficient answer can be given to the funda- ‘** mental objection, that there is no'hingin the constitution of ** the world, or in human nature, which entitles posterity to claim ‘* an inheritance, enriched only by the fruits of wisdom and self- ‘denial, and altogether free from incumbrances heaped up by ‘* error and misfortune?” The questioa seems somewhat childish. Society is one unbroken continuation, and to distinguish where the present generation ends and posterity begins is a difficult task, For moral purposes, they may be considered as one or identical, and wisdom and error will be benefit or suffering to all. Mr Pitt was hampered by the loans of his predecessors. We are ham- pered by Mr Pitt’s loans, Loans impose burdens on posterity, but they spare the present generation asa whole no sacrifice. They deserve, therefore, to be called not wisdom but folly, and they are equally injurious to the generation which contracts them aud the generation which has to continue to pay the interest on them. That they plague posterity, as is admitted, is a strong reason why they should not by any present generation be con- tracted. We are well aware that on this important subject we are in an unpopular minority, and that those who defend loans have many old prejudices and opinions in their favour; but these only make it more incumbent on us, who take a different view, to reiterate opinions which we believe tobe correct, and are natioually of importance.

MINT OF THE UNITED STATES. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.

Philadelphia, January 30, 1855. Str,—I have the honour to submit the following report, in com-

pliance with the first section of the mint law, which requires that, “inthe montb of January of every year the Director shall make report to the President of the United States of the operations of the mint and its branches for the year preceding.”

There are obvious reasons in favour of a change in the law above referred to, so as to require the report of the Director to be made as soon as convenient after the close of the fiscal year, and that it should exhibit the operations of the mint, its branches, and the assay office, du-ing the fiscal instead of the common year. I beg to recommend this moditication of the law to yourfavourable notice. = y

The deposits received and coinage executed at the principal mint (Puilade!phia), during the year 1854, were as follows :—Gold deposits received, 36,269,388 dols 68¢; gold coins struck, 20,049,799 dols ; fine gold bars, 17,642,270 dols 58c. Silver deposits, including the silver parted from California old, and the silver purchased pursuant to the Act of 3rd March, 1853, 4,480,741 dols l4c; silver coimage executed was, 5,373,270 do's; the copper coinage, 42,638 dols 35c. Total de- posits ot gold and silver during the year, 40,750,129 dols 82c; and the total coinage, including the fine gold bars. dola 93 ; this coinage was comprised in 33,919,921 pigf

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The deposils of gold received at the branch mint at New Orleans

during the year were of the value of 1,139,135 dols 42c ; and the de-

posits of silver, including silver parted from the California gold, and

the amount purchased, were of the value of 1,311,703 dols 56¢. The

gold coinage amounted to 1,274,500 do's; the silver coinage to

| 3,246,000 dols ; aggregate deposits of gold and silver, 2,450,838 dols 99c; total coinage of gold and silver, 4,: 2,500 dole, comprised in 10,332,750

_ pieces. The coinage exceeds the deposits in consequence of this branch having a large amount of bullion remaining from the deposits of the previous year ; and this remark applies also, tosome extent, to

| the mint and the other branches. | Th2 deposits at the branch mint at Dahlonega, in gold, were of the

| value of 281,932 dols 6:, including silver parted therefrom of the value of 1,706 dols Gic. The coinage (gold) amounted to 292,760 dols, comprised in 62,228 pieces, s

The deposits of gold received at the branch mint at Charlotte were of the value of 213,606 dols 2lce; the coinage executed amounted to 214,652 dols 50c, comprised in 46,578 pieces. :

Tie last year has been marked by the establishment of on ad- ditional branch mint avd an assay office. The former, at Sin Fran- cisco, in California, commenced receiviog deposits on the 3rd of April last, from which time to the end of the year it has received deposits to the value of 10,404,560 dols. The coinage thereat during the same period amounted to the sum of 4,084,207 do!s; and the manufacture of fine bars of the value of 5,863 do's 16c ; and of unparted bars, pre. pared, assayed, and stamped, to the value of 5,641,504 dols 5c— meking a total of 9.731,574 dols 2lec. There were some causes con- nected with the supply ot materials, particularly of the article of part- ing acid, which has to be manufactured at San Francisco, that re- tarded and diminished the coinage operations of this branch of the mint during the last ycar. Every effort has been made to remove these causes, and I have reason to believe that its operations will here-

| after be greatly increased. The assay office, at New York, commenced operations on the 10th

of October last. The deposits received up to the end of the year amounted to 9,337,200 do's 69c, of which amount 76,307 dols was in silver, principally parted from California gold. The amount of fine bars prepared, assayed, and stamped at that office, during this period, was 2,888,039 dols 12c ; and the further sum of 1,050,000 dols, in fine bars, was transmitted from the mint at Philadelphia, and paid out at that office during the commencement of its operations. Of the

| amount received, the sum of 6,362,566 dols 57c was deposited for | coins, This last amount, pursuant to the 11th section of the assay | office law, was transferred to the mint of the United States tor

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In stating the aggregate deposits of gold at all the mints and the assay office, a deduction must be made for unparted bars prepared at

| San Francisco, and afterwards deposited at the mint and the assay | office for coin or fine bars; and also of the amount received at New York, and afterwards transferred to the ‘mint. Making this allow- ance as well as it can be ascertained from the reports of the several institutions, the entire deposits of the year in gold were 49,987,222 dols 23c ; silver deposits, including silver purchases, 5,871,759 dols 82c; total gold and silver deposits, 55,858,982 dols 5c. The coins ge for the same period was as follows:—Gold coins, including bars, 52,094,595 dols 47c; silver coine, 8,619,270 dols ; copper coins, 42,638 dois 35c; total coinage, 60,756,503 dols 82c, comprised in 44,645,011 pieces.

The amount of gold of domestic production received at the several mints and the assay office during the year was 49,216,021 dols; of which sum 48 892,794 dols was from California; the remaining part from the Atlauiic States, except a few deposits from the territory of New Mexico. There was deposited during the year at the principal

| mint and the branch at New Orleans, gold from Australia to the value of 432,000 doles.

The silver contained in the gold from California is not included in the statement of the amount of the gold deposits from that State. It is separated from the gold in preparing the latter for coinage, or for manufacturing fine bars. The value of the silver thus parted from the gold during the year was 328,198 dols 83:. This does not include the amount of silver purchased for coinage pursuant to the Act of March 3, 1853. During the last year, the sum purchased was 5,494,839 dols 92c, and the silver coins issued amounted to 8,619,270 dois. The sum issued of silver coins at thereduced standard weight, authorised by the act before mentioned, is as follows:—In 1853, 8,654,161 dols; in 1854, 8,619,270 do's; making a total of 17,273,431 dois of the half dollar and lower denominations struck, distributed, aud put into circulation, except the sum of 584,808 dols 33c in the treasury of the mint, and ready for distribution and circulation.

In my last report 1 presented some views showing the propriety of the reduction in the standard weight of the silver coinage, and the beneficial results which had attended it. We have continued to ex- perience such resulte, especially in those more favoured portions of the United States where the circulation of small notes is probibited. The soundness of the apprehension expressed in my laet report, that the reduction in the standard weight of the silver coins might prove insufficient, has been confirmed by the quoted value of silver during the past year at London, the market of which city regulates its com- mercial value. We purchased silver at the close of 1853 at 121 cents per standard ounce, and issued it at 125 cents, in accordance with the law before referred to; but as it continued to appreciate, we were obliged to offer 1224 cents per ounce, in order to obtain silver for coin- age. Continuing to appreciate, it attained its maximum in November last (1854), when it was quoted at 1233 cents pereunce. It has since fallen to about 122}. An appreciation of 1} cents per ounce above the quite of November would have rendered it tully equal in value to

at of our present issue ; and it is highly probable that a still further *ppreciation, however slight, would have induced the exportation of our new silver coin, and rendered a further reduction in its weight necessary. Fortunately, no such reduction is required ; and we have

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THE ECONOMIST. Ce ee

reason to believe that the standard weight, as fixed by the Act of

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[June 9,

March 3, 1°53, was well chosen. That the reesons presented in m last report why no great or sudden changes need be apprehended jq the relative value of gold and silver are well founded, the continued influx of gold from California and Australia, compared with the slight changes in the relative value of the two metals during the past year, abundantly proves.

The three-doliar coin, authorised by the last Congress, was issued from the mint in May last ; since which time there have been struck of this coin, in value, the sum of 415,854 dols at the principal mint, and 75,360 dols at the branches. The demand for it has not been

great, owing, perhaps, to the fact that it does not harmonise with the decimal system, or the division by halves and quarters, to which the people have been so long accustomed.

The devices of the go!d dollar have been changed, so as to corre. spond with those prepared for the three-dollar piece, viz., on the obverse, an ideal head, emblematic of America, enclosed within the national legend; and on the reverse, @ wreath composed of wheat, cotton, corn, and tobacco, enclosing the denomination and date of the coin. The size has been increased one-tenth of an inch, which renders the coin more easily handled, and, therefore, more conve. nient for circulation, The weight aod standard value are, of course, unchavged,

The Act of March 3, 1853, required the three-cent piece to be of standard fineness (900 1,000ths), instead of 750 1,000ths, as directed by the law which authorised their issue. The pew coin is distin- guished from the former, by having a sprig of laurel and a bundle of arrows on the reverse.

The coinage charge of the half of one per cent., authorised by the Act of February 21, 1853, is as follows:—Mint at Philadelphis, 104,853 dols 32c ; branch mint at New Orleans, 6,372 dols 50c; branch mint at Dahlonega, 1,463 dols 80c; branch mint at Charlotte, 1,073 dols 26c ; branch mint at San Francisco, 20.421 dols 3c ; total at all the mints for 1854, 134,183 dols 9lc. ‘hese sums will be paid into the Treasury of the United States, pursuant to the sixth section of the act before referred to.

The increased price paid for silver bullion for coinage after the Ist of July last has diminished the profit to the Government on the silver coinage, the cost of distribution being also a charge upon the same; there wil', however, be a balance at the principal mint of about 108,000 dole, to be transferred to the Treasury of the United States.

The propriety of the establishmeat at the mint of a medal depart- ment is respectiully suggested.

A change in the copper coinage seems desirable, with a view to the substitution of a lighter and more convenient coin tor the cumbrous cent now used.

I annex to this report several tabular statements, exhibiting in de- tail the operations ot the mint and its branches, and presenting some other statistics relating to the subject of coinage, the purchase of silver, and the domestic production of the precious metals.

James Ross Snowpen, Director of the U. S. Mints, To the President of the United States,

THE TRADE OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA. (From the Adelaide Observer.)

CoMMENCING with aggregate figures, we present the following state- ment of imports and exports for the four quarters in each of the last two years. These totals include coin and bullion, and also re-ex- ported goods. The following isthe summary, omitting the shillings and pence :—

Tora Imports. 1853 1854 £ £

First quarter .... ecco §©—. 440,328 ove... 601,253 Second do. ss 559,288 sexe =. 462, 855 Third do. .... 815,519 ...... 571,345 Fourth G0. ccocseces cooccccece: 518,071 score = 51 0,651

NUS scscisisteteansn diana scvies BEBASZO sree 2,147,105 TuTat Expoats.

185 1854 £ £

WEret QUBTOOT cccccscccsescccsseccsenncce «= 950,769 cccrce 060,681 DG BE: iicckaasanannwe BERND ae Bee BONE SOR, “sincnespisiamans SEMEN: oxen 128,715 Fourth 30. ...cccscese were er evecee 724,679 — .ccvce 191,644

BON ciicniiicoiionnmenn O20 ws LIE

From these figures we percieve that our imports during the two years just ended were 4,480,311/; our exports during the same period being 3,553,552. This leaves a deficit upon our exports ot 926,779), taking the aggregate totals, In these amounts are included coi aud bullion, and also re-exported goods.

The value of coin and bullion imported during 1853 was 463,2841; in 1854 it was 92,6541. This gives to this class of imports au aggte- gate of 555,938/ on the two years. Our exports of the same articles amounted in 1853 to 1,359,773/; and in 1854 to 498,077! ; making 1,857,8501 in the two years, or an excess of 1,301,912/ upon the ex- ports in these items. The va'ua of the ordinary exports in 1853 ¥as 150,443/, against 173,65l/ in the year last ended. Total re-exports in the two years, 324,094/. The heaviest quarter in re-exports Was that ending December 25, 1854, in which the amount stauds at 84,481/, or nearly half the year’s transactions.

Excluding bullion and coin, both from our imports and export, and excluding also the re-exports, the comparative statemeut for the two years under Consideration wiil stand as follows :—

Imports. Exports, Imports. Exports. £ £ £ £

First quarter woo 2°5,089 ... 278,759 ... 561,502 ... 283,622 Second quarter... 375,886 ... IOLI81l ... 374,155 ... 20:,80+ Third quarter...... 579,152... 136,729 ... 518,037 ... 101,523 Fourth quarter... 469,349 ... 214,924 . 426,170 ... 107,165

——_— er es —_—_

We icisiinaice 1,719,476 see 731,693 ... 1,879,864 oo. 694,922

———_—- ————— cnuinencaaceuoaeappeadnteensssisicaieniscensteeee een <_< 08@w"—_—CD oS

0 oi ely hee EDAD RS

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|

1855. | EE

The exports in the preceding table refer exclusively to and com- prehend the whole of our native produce shipped from this province. The amounts, however encouraging as indications of our national ca- pabilities, are very greatly below what the conditions of healthy trade require. The great evil lies in the excess of our importations, and in the remarkably unwise character of the selections too trequently made for this market. With regard to the bulk of goods consigned to this port, we may safely affirm that they are not only excessive in relation to our exports, but in relation to our wants; that they evince a reck-

upon themselves, through means of the commercial depression neces- serily caueed in this colony. For a considerable time past we have heard of nothing but heavy stocks of unsaleable articles; of sales forced at ruinous sacrifices; and of the arrival of continual advices of the same unsaleable goods. But such figures as the preceding ought nct to be ignored, nor passed by without serious consideration either on this or op the European side of the water. We*have during two years

lessness on the part of home consigners which cannot fail to recoil

3,599,3407; whilst our various exports, the produce of South Australia only, amount to 1,426,015/; leaving a balance of trade against the coloay of 2,173,325! upon two years only. Nor ought we to overlook the fact that the last six months have been in this respect worse than their predecessors, the consumed imports for that period being 914,207), against exported native produce amounting only to 208,986. Imports, however, continue to pour in, not only in excess of our exports, but in

| excess of our need, although the last quarter shows a hopeful retrench- ment as compared with the quarter preceding, and also as compared with the corresponding quarter of the former year. We shall now select a variety of our heaviest imports during the

years 1853 and 1854, including those upon which duty is charged in _ the Gazette, and also goods warchoused in boud :—

1853 £ £

52,764 VA,370 o.oo « %5,405

139,523 ...+00

Apparel and SlOps ...seese-sreee eocee Bags (corp) «....... eiscutonnes Beer, Cider, SC sssceee.eeseeeeee veneers Boots and SheS ....0:.cccecsoeevere vee B04, 296 CPR Orc cce.ss = cvcceccccccsccccescccese co §=—-:16,, 8738 Cutlery and Hardware «....-.++ ecooe «643,995

coves BUBLLL9 —.. e000 31,45) 13,879 12,328 6,433

24,245 41,205

Fruits, Jams, & Furniture Hp o0...cc0ecccsveceresesees Iron—U omanufactured. Ditto—Manufactures ...0+..0+++ Jewellery and Plate ........++«+ Cils, Col ®™ s, and Paints .

28,007 16,106 12,809 13,384 71,146 12,031

eoeeee

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ceovoseee 13,671 11,984 bai vec aus eiadicecvees . 6.265 occ 2,859 S2ddiery ly «...crescesseeore ove 18,054 sesso 24,82 Soap ... ane cer ereccscccce = 15,385 sconce 10,296 Gtationer * .-cocccee + ccccceesccoecovece SOES cc cco 7,0°9 Spirits Citivas“ TAA om eee BUWAr .... rocccccorcccsccccscesensccccwscce §=— 97.056 2.000 74,239 DOW ior ccrceveescccccovercooverscsnces ¢ 08 78,252 2.100. 50,086 Win cecceccce se: coceccccecercce © cereccece 96,693 ncccce 63,534

Woo0d—Uumanutactured oeccrecssee 35,093 ...000 113,068

OO kcssscsous ppnbiersen tbensaee 1,475,457 ....0. 1,044,005

{

| The foregoing articles comprise some five-sixths in value of our |

misceilaseous imports, and it is to the various items ivcluded in this | summary that we must look for an explanation of our depressee com- mercial position. By throwing together the three items of »pparel, | boots and shoes, and drapery, we have the enormous total of 1,340,982/ | in imported clothivg, independently of the large quantities eontinu- | ally introduced by passengers as luggage. If we add togetner our | *‘ strong drinks” for two years, we shall realisean anti-teetotal result of 650,082/, independently of our colonial manutactures. Perhaps no | item m the foregoing list will excite more surprise than that of |

| “fruits ;” the idea of 30,0002 per annum in dried and bottled fruits, jams, &c., being, as Dominie Sampson would say, “ Prodigious!’ No | wonder that Batty’s and Whybrows’ jers and bottles cover thecountry. We hope that in this department of manufactures we shall at some not distant day be large exporters. With a climate favourabie to the growth of fruit ia unlimited quantities, aud with sugar ata low price, there seems no reason that South Australia ehould not recipro- cate the superabundant liberality of Finsbury and the Minories. Our colonial potterics would benefit by the experiment; and the balance of our quarterly returns be all the more favourable tor the colony. | The whole subject of our home trade is one of great practical import- | ance, on the clear understanding end due regulation of which nosmall amount of our prosperity depends.

|

| |

—we a? —

Agriculture. AGRICULTURAL REVIEW,

THE SUMMER,

Tue past week has brought some really warm weather, so that at length we have summer, The progress of vegetation bas been very | great, grass and all kinds of grain crops having grown wonderfully, | On all the strong lands there can now be no question that the wheat | will prove a fuli crop, and all that is to be desired is fine weather | to hasten and ripen it. In spite of the favourable state of the | weather there was some advance in the price of wheat in Mark | lave on Mouday last, arising from a demand on our market | from France and Be!gium. ‘there has also arisen, we believe for | the first time, a Frevch demand in our market for fat stock, which produced a considerable rise in prices at Smithfield.

The following remarks o4 the foreign demand in the corn | market, {rom the Marl: Lane Express, are of interest :—* The | Principal feature of iuterest [1m the corn market] in the course of | the week las been the suddeu rise in the French market to the ex. | tentof 4¢o 5 francsper sack ou flour, which has already occasioned aq | partial demand for both wheat and flour in this country, aud diverted |

rr et

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THE ECONOMIST.

retained for our own consumption imported goods to the amount of

|

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619

the course of some cargoes on their way here from Stettin and Bilboa to ports in France. While we hold to our reiterated opinion that England, with a slight assistance or none from abroad, is provided up to next harvest with a sufficiency (though it may be with little surplus), we look upon it as equally certain that a large demand from France could uot he met. It must not be forgotten that while the North of France has appeared as a customer, Marseilles is making shipments to England, and it is only in case of a preponderating balance against us that we shall be placed in difficulty.” What are the stocks in France? “is an important question.” It is stated, also, that “ America has been taking Spanish flour, and Belgium has taken off 3,000 quarters of foreign wheat.” Our own supplies still continue to prove the abundance of last harvest, for the deliveries of English wheat during the period to whicn the remarks we have quoted applied were 110,379 quarters against 65,791 in the corresponding period of 1854. Red wheat was that which on Monday last was required by foreign buyers: in other kinds the trade was languid.

The monthly local reports of the Murk Lane Express, coming as | they do after the recent falls of rain, are of considerable interest. In Norfolk, where the drought has occasioned much apprehension, the. re- porter says : —

Perhaps a colder May was never remembered, or vegetation more backward atthia season. It has been equally remarkable for its extreme dryness—only 0.66 ip. of rain having fallen on seven days—la-t year 3.52 iv. fell in 17 days....... «... ...Great improvement has tak-n place in the wheat since the rain; buteo large an extent is thin of plant, which has not branched out | and gathered as expected, that the crop must be considerably below an ave- rage ; many thcwsands of acres have been resown. turnip-land wheat, which is looking extremely we!!, will fortunately help up this deficiency. All vegetation is fully three weeke later than usual, so that harvest cannot be expected to commence before September. generally well; it bas suffered lees than usual from wire-worm; in many inetances it ia much too thick. Some little on poor soils and cold clays looke blue and moderately. Oats cannot promise better, but may ultimately suffer from the evil of thick sowing. Beans are strong and healthy. weather has been too cold. We see too much reason to apprehend a very defl- cient hay crop. The trefoile, of which perhaps’the bulk of Norfolk hay consists, cannot generally be worth mowing, and the great scarcity of feed will probably compel many to reserve less mowing ground than usual. A good ground rain shortiy may yet cause the clovers to produce a fair crop, at least such as are well planted. Beets are more extensively sown than usual, and most fortu- nately the rain was just sufficient to bring them up. Turnips are going in admirab'y on all soile,

The Essex reporter says :— A thorvugh day’s rain has relieved our minds ag to the result of the forth-

coming grass crops ; for should the weather become genial, there ia still suffi- cient time to produce an aburidant crop in our meadows and pastures, But the

pressure ¢iiat has exi-ted as-regards fvod for our sheep and cattle will reader it impoesible to mow the full average number of acre. Clover is generally eaten down to the very heart of the plants; and wherever it is reserved for a hay crop, it # unusually backward and feeble in appearance, arising in a great measure from the late froste. Upon the whole, therefore, we conclude, that, uoder the most congenial state of weather, the hay crop will be diminished by one="hird; aad should the weath r be otherwise, a stil] greater diminution will folluw. The wheat crop is various a8 regerds appeurance and probable result. Upon all the mixed soils, such as those compriged in the district intersected by the railway, the appearance of the wheat generally is as promising as need be wished. Upon the high-farmed lands it may be considered over juxuriant, and generally the colour and appearance are more vigorous than is thought condu- cive to its future success. Upon the thin gravelly soils, there is consid rable deficiency of plant, and more especially upon those succeeding clover of the preceding year, and even upon the strong clay soils a deficiency of plant exists toa greatextent. The vigorous growth of late has, however, rendered it not apparent tothe casual observer. Upon the whole, we have no hesitation in stating that the crop, up to the present moment, iidicates an average; and, under favourable circumstances, it will probsbly be more. ‘he breadth un- doubtedty ie greater by 15 per cent., the previous season being unusually bene- ficial for getting in a larger proportion than w:ua!. Barley promises abun-

dautly. Iadeed, we never recollect its appearance more promising at this seaeon.

From Cambridgeshire, especially as regards the fen districts, the report is less favourable. The reporter says :—

The distress for shee; keeping, together with the high price of hay, have - placed the stock farmers in tne greatest difficultie. We have heretofore known nothing \ike it. The clovers aud gra-s lands intended for mowing (wherever etock is kep!) have been fed with the re-t of the farm, aud still the store stock are miserably lean; while it has been impossible, since the turnips and mangold have been exhausted, to keep feediag animals in condition. The crops vary much. Oa the better land, where the piant of wheat stood the severe winter, it is looking well; buton all the light land, in exposed situa-

a

The increased breadth of |

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tion, it is but a very s0-<0 affair; while on the fen soils there are thousands of |} actes ploughed up, and thousands more not worth standiag............. ..From

| several of the more experienced agriculturists of Cuatteris aud the vicinity— | which, by-the-bye, is a better description of low land—we learn that there is now no reasonable hope of more than a third part of a crop, taking one field with another ; and on the weaker fen land the thing is worse than that. The oate are doing better; but unfortunately by far the balk of these soils are now | usually cropped with wheat—we think toa fault. ing well, and for the most part barley too.

The Surrey report speaks well of the crops since the rain :— The effects of so timely a supply, though fur uuder the usual average, were

astonishiog. Verdure on the meadows, and fodder piants, lucerne, and tares, succeeded rapidly to a parchiog aridity that must lave ol herwise been more or less destructive had it continued another week. Tae wheats soon lost that y: \lowness which in many places had been observed; blanks disappeared ; the planta tillered freely, and were 0 strong, that, had the warm temperature of the 19: bh and 20.h continged, there is little doubt its ears would have been partially developed by the 1-t of June. Barley aud oate flourished, and to the day of our last personal inspection gave every promise of flue crops. Que large field of the former, after wheat, had on the 24:h developed a profusion of its ears, As the same time the lavender and other aromatic plants, about

Mitcham, that bad suffered severely ia 1855-4, Were Comparatively io fine condition,

In Berkshire— Tue growing crop of wheat varies considerably.

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THE ECONOMIST. 620 good; on thin soils it has lost much plant, and is full of weed. It is also thin in places where the epow was blown from it, with few ullers only; and it is now too Jute to recover them. The wheat, genbralty, will mot beer close inspection, as the plent istoo thin and weedy; yet at this time no one can form a very corrcet opinion of the probable harvest, as much depends upon the weather when it first comes out and when it isin bloom, We entertain no doubt that there will be wheat-ears by the close of old May.

The prospect of the hay harvest is very unpromising. There has been great mortality among the youog Jambe, probably owing to

the poverty of the ewee; and, as the fall was not abundant, the stock of sheep will remain low.

The West Gloucestershire reporter says :— In sheltered situations, and on highiy-cu tivated land», there is 2 marked and

gratifying improvement in the appearance of the young wheat, much cTeater, indeed, than could be supposed, under euch unfortuitous conditions, Ou the cold, bleak, exposed lande, which are for the most part ind ferently ti led, and too frequently inadequately supplied with m«nure, the want of plant in the ground is too palyably manifest; thus the good crops must necese rily produce

more than an ordinary quanti'y to compensate for the deficiency, avd effurd a general average. In some fields there are pateves where the plant has entirely failed; and in several instances the spaces have been Uiled up with spring corn, dibbied in.

From South Lincolnshire the report states that there is— A somewhat satisiactory progress in every department of buéiness; for

although the season is very backward the woret is over, end the failing whest crops having been resown, the country is gradually arsumipg @ promieing ap~ pearance. Wheats have surprisingly improved within the past few daye, not- withstanding the cold rains. The strong winds have contributed greatly to promote rapidity of growth, and should favourable weather now set in, we may yet have the harvert about the average time; i.¢., the second or third week in August. Oates, beans, peas, and the little barley sown here look all right for the season, and a full crop may be finally expected.

In Laneashire the wheat crop is said to be everywhere “ both thin and weak; scores of fields having been ploughed up and resown with oats and potatoes.” H-re, as wellus iu Cheshire—both potato grow- ing districts—potatoes

Are tuffzring for the want of that rain which showers “upon the jast as well as the unjust,” and are struggling hard to show their first and tenderest bude. The southern part of this country, and the whole of Cheshire, being especially a potato growing county, and, generally speaking, the sets always planted early, and being this year, as usua', planted early, the lopg-continued and severe froste, accompanied by those easterly winds ‘‘ which are neither good for man nor beast” prevailing, having neveceurily kept their growth back ; however, they are now growing fast, ard we hope to havea euperabundant crop, as there appears to be considerably more planted than usual. They have maintsined ¢sheir price throughout the winter, As also we have about the ususl quantity of turnips and mavgel warzel sown. Oats and barley seem to be rather prosperous, and are looking luxuriant. Beene are really eplendid, and, if no blight attack them, we augur an abundant crop, I believe we have alarger breadth of oats aud bailey than usual, in Consequeuce of the wheat crop being ploughed up.

Water has been and still is deficient. In Cumberland the report of the wheat crop is :— A part of it Wears only a very unpromising appearance, and this too in fields

that were cown in good time, aud where the plant was well forward before the frostset in. And even after tle frost broke up, itseemed to be doing wel! until a few weeks back, when it began to fall offand thin out rapidly, especia!ly in the lighter pats of the eoil, This was clearly caused by the wire-worm, the destructive labours of which has been more exfensively jelt this season than for several years back. There e’re two easous for this:—First, because the severe frost had heaved and lightened the eoi), thereby making it more eary for the Wireeworm to move aboutin it. Secondly. the very slow growth of the plant, owing to the exceedingly jow temperature and want of rain, made it become av easy prey,which would uot bave beeu the cace had it grown vigorously. There is a much greater breadth affected this way in the present year than for many years before. On good strong coils and loams, where the wire-worm has not appeared, it is looking pretty well, but decidedly late; and, taking the crop a8 & whole, it ie looking much worre at the present time than at the same period laet year. Barley and oats came well, and the latter bas been less in- jured by the grub than in ordinary yeare, apd, making allowance for the ef- fecte of the ungenial state of the weather, continues to look well, and only wante © sufficient supply of rain to produce a good crop.

In Somersetshire— The stock of hay is all but exhausted, and many parties bave laid out large

sume for it. Stock, both of catt'e and sheep, has gone down in price and condition, end is almost unsaieable. There bave been great losses in cheep both by death and lessened value of the stock held through the winter. In poor stock there have been but few locses, but their value is scarcely equal to their price in autumn—the keep generally has been lost. Fat stook bas paid we!}!, and is now very scare”, especially beef and lamb; the latter dear and in- ferior in quality............. Wheet is acknowledg«d to be an unususlly dark coluur; on heavy claye and loams good iu pjart, on the lighter soils thin, and in come instances it has been ploughed up. There are more deficient appeur-

ances, and the prospect cannot be eaid to so good as last year. Eurly-sown barley has come up well, and looks heathy. Oats promice fairly, but winter

beans jock anything but like a gccd croj—in muny instances not half thick enough, and the blossom very short. Spring bean» very late, and they will re-

quire more moisture than wiil be beneficial to the wheat crop; eo that we can

hardly have both good. Winter peas are Jooking well, and promise a fair crop. Hay-making will be very late ; snd thecrop, ucle-s we have a warm wet sum-

| mer, willbe short. Qur apple trees are in a very fine bloom. | The Cornwall report states that—

The artificial grasves are excecdingly thin, and hay of this description must

bes light crop. The wheats are very thin and backward, particularly on our light eoile, the wire-worm and insufficiency of moisture having been much sgainet them. Perhape a catual observer might imagine, from the deep green

colour which the plant hears, that the present aspect of the crop is very favour- able; but a thorough inspection wili prove the reverse to be the case. The spring crops were put in under favourabie circumstances, and they are looking well, especicliy the early-sown barley. Field labour is in a forward state ; the carrot-, mange!, and rape, town before the rain, have come up quickly. Pota- toes that were planted early, although nipped azain and agaiu by the frostr, are looking we'll, and notwithetanding the great loss which hae been sustained from thie crop of late years, a large breadth has been planted this year. The cuckoo and «wallow did not make their appearence till a fortnight later than usual, end the oxk would not bark for three weeks after the gene:al time.

In Mid-Lothian the report says :— At ie true that on the light or poor-conditioned soils the wheat plant Js rather

thin and etinted, buton the best and richest land it is well planted, and of

[June 9,

vigorous and healthy appearance. There wil! be about an average breadth of land under this crop, and a larger proportion of the same is autumn-sown

which increases the chance of a good acreable returp. The epring-sown cereal crops look pretty healthy, but they are at leact three weeks later than last year :

and, unless we have a speedy change to more genial wevther, a very late har. vest ig probable. Pastures have suffered moet from the drought and cold, and farmera have been sorely pinched for sustenunce to carry on their stock during the past month.

The general agricultural report for May states the breadths of land which it has been found necessary to plough up and resow have been “ unusually small,’ and that ‘“‘the extent under wheat culture is decidedly in excess cf last year, which was the largest on record.” It ig also said, that though the sales “‘ have been extremely heavy, we must not forget that we grew an immense crop in 1854, and that too of the ery finest quality, . The most remarkable circumstance connected

with last year’s crop, and which has told so much upon supply, was the immense yield of wheat upon the light andfinferior soils.......... There is [now] decidedly more English wheat in the country yet undisposed of and in stack than at the corresponding period in 1854, and the supply is even in excess of 1853.” The same report also states :—

Numerous flocks of rbeep, in little morethan a half-fat state, have been sold during the month, owieg to the high value of dry food. must have con-iderable influence upon the future supply of animal food. The rupplics of beasts, e-pecially those received in the metropolis from Norfolk and | Scotland, have turned out wonderfully fine, and have carried a large amount of internal fat.

During May 10,000 tons of guano have arrived in the port of London, chiefly from Callao andthe Chincha Islands. No less than 6,000 tons have been taken on continental account.

FARMERS’ CLUBS AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES, Tue Oxford Farmers’ Ciub has lately award:d a priz : to its Seeretary, Mr Joseph Plowman, as the writer of the best essay on “ The Bene- fits resulting to the Public ia general, and to the Agriculturists in par- ticular, from Farmers’ Clubs aud other Agricultural Associations.” It is scarcely necessary to say that on such a theme the writer has brought to bear all that can be said of the benefits of these societies ; but we think, that with the exceptions of the societi:s which embrace very extensive districts, such as the Royal Ag:icultural Society, the Highland Society, and the like, they can never sustain more than a lauguid and not very useful existence. Mr Plowman starts with the proposition that “ there is scarcely any great result which has tended to advance civilisstion, to spread refinement, and promote the social and physical welfare of mankind, which has not been made and con- centrated by societies established for the purpose of carrying such ob- jects into effect ;” which, to say the least, is a proposition open to the greatest doubt. Experience rather indicates that individual efforts, ivfluenced by seli-interest, have been the main agents of human ad- vaucement. The wiiter then goes through the various large societies which have existed in this country, from the Board of Agriculture, established through the Jate Sir John Sinclair in 17938, duwn to the incorporation of the Royal Agricultural Society iv 1838. It seems that there are about 700 agricultural societies and farmers’ clubs in the United Kingdom. It is claimed for these socicties that they di- rected the attention “ of scientific men to the nature of soils, witha view of ascertaining how far they may be assisted in yielding in- creased produce by the use of particular m\oures, and by showing that if the soil is to be cultivated with succ\ss, it is indispensable that the cultivator should become acquaint\d with the natural sciences, with botany, geology, and above all with chemistry.” Now we are the last to deny the benefits farmers may derive {rom scien- tific knowledge connected with their every-day business ; on the con- trary, we look to a higher standard of education amongst British eul- tivators as oue, though only one, of many means of advancing the art and practice ot husbandry. Butin the passage we have quoted the order of events is rather inverted. Hitherto the main obligations agriculture owes to modern scientific investigation consist in expla- nations of the rationale of practices which for ages aud ages have been adopted from observation and experience.

‘The most recent and valuable examinations into the properties of soils have brought into notice the vast benefits derivable from that aerition and pulverising of the soil, of late so much condemned, as naked faliowing. Nevertheless, the larger societies are undoubtedly of much use. They assemble farmers from different and distant districts; they afford them the opportunity of judging of various really and nominally improved implements; and, above al!, they give them information eminently us: ful ia reference to live stock. The Journals of the Royal Agricultural Society and the Highland Society also contain matter—miscellaneous and varying much in value, it 18 truc—which is generally suggestive, and often of much general and practical value. But the smaller societies and clubs we suspect to be rather misdirections of farmers’ attention than anything else.

It is quite true, as Mr Piowman says— Another beneficial result which has beea produced by these societies has

been the improvement of stock, both in the breeding and feeding ; for the ob- Ject has been not to encourage the fattening of animals to a point which ren- ders them less valuable and u-eful to the consumer, and more lucrative to the tallow-cuandler, but to atcertain how early, by a more judicious system, a0 animal may be brought to perfection, and thue, by reducing the cost of reach- ing that point, to give the public the benefit of a readicr supply, and at & tore €cobomical rate. These results have been attained by a variety of way, by testing the eff-cts of various foode, encouraging various breeds, and making early Maturity one of the leading points of excelience.

_ These societies—tie larger societies—have been of use by enlarg- ing the views aud undertaking investigations individuals would not venture on, _ These societies, and the Royal Agricultural Society in particular, by direct- lng attention to the cuuse and remedy of diseases of crops and cattle, and to other minutia of deep and vital interest to the agriculturists, and by theem- ployment of eminent scientific men, have rendered great service to that body in protecting them from imposition and fraud in the purchase of artificial Mauurer, By analyser, and the use of certain teste, the pure from the epurious

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1855.] THE ECONOMIST. 621 LE eee

manure has been distinguished, and the most unscientific farmer has been | for those of the best descriptions, which readily find buyers. Horse hides placed in a eafer and better position, and is no longer liable to the chance of

at a high price avy worthless substance which a dishonest dealer might desire toimpose upon him as a genuine artificial manure. To this point the Royal Agricultural Society has directed especial attention ; and, by securing the services of eminent Professors, such as Way, Johnston, and other, has afforded, not only to its own member, but to any farmer in the kingdom, the facility of sending a sample of any manure they wish to apply, to have it tested, and its real value ascertained.

Plans for the construction and improvement of farm buildings have also been brought before the public by these societies.

Of the local societies and farmers’ clubs we cannot speak so favour- ably. The essayist considers them “ pioneers in the march of im- provement ;” but they will generally be found to be so entirely local, so completely dependent on the exertions or patronage of an indivi- dual or two, and have not seldom been mere political engines in the hands of local proprietors, that as arule their influence on agriculture has been the reverse of useful. The writer of the essay says :—

Perhap,, after all, one of the most useful purposes of farmers’ clubs is bring- ing together landlords, tenants, and tradesmen, to one neutral field, where, in the mutual desire to promote the general good, and in a mutual combination for the same object, the asperities engendered by political feeling are smoothed down, and a more kindly feeling between all parties eubstituted, This has been one of the fruits of farmers’ clube.

This is to say the least doubtful. In fact, few landlords attend these clubs, and when they do, the effect is by no means to aid in the solution of the questions affecting the relations of landlord and tenants, on which much of the future progress of agriculture in this country depends,

Again, he says :— Farmer-’ clubs have another recommendaticn, namely, that they afford to

their members the opportunity of discussing how far the burdens to which they are peculiarly subject, such as county rates, police rate, poor rates, and highway rates, may be more equalised, or made local, union, or national ; and as legis-

| lation is rendered mors perfect by being founded on facts ané figures, societies | which supply them render a service not only to its members, but to the com- munity generally.

That such subjects have been discussed, and with scme degree of freedom at the London Farmers’ Club, is true; but that is a club wherein the active members consist of land agents and farmers of some position and ind« pendence from all parts of the country, aod it constitutes a society which may be, and to a certain extent is, useful. Bat as for any freedom of discussion on such topics in small and local clubs, that is out of the question, The first and principal subjects farmers must consider are those on which their own independence turns, and as these are entirely founded on points wherein their in-

| terests and feelings are in direct antagonism to the prejudices, if not | the interests, of their landlords, no effective discussion of these can | be had in local clubs, where landlord influence is universally para- | mount. We believe that each farmer may best advance the inde- pendence of his class by requiring in his own particular case the alop-

| tion of a rational contract with his landlord. Such, for instance, as a long lease free from burthensome, useless, and restrictive covenants, freedom from game reservation and similar semifeudal impositions, There is one form of co-operation of a very practical kind which

| farmers might adopt in nearly avery locality with much advantage, | we might call them stock clubs ; wherein the members might com- bine their resources to purchase or hire the best male animals of all sorts of live stock for the use of the members,

eee

SPIRIT OF THE TRADE CIRCULARS.

(From Messrs Durant and Co.'s Circular.)

London, June 7, 1855. China silk continues the leading feature, and the demand for export,

| which had fallen off in the early part of the month, has again shown symptoms of improvement. The deliveries continue gM. The arrivals have been large, the greater portion being of common qualities of Tay- saam, with a fair sprinkling of throwns. Canton silk has attracted rather more attention, and a few parcels have been sold at slightly improved prices. Bengal tilk continues inactive; a few parcels of middling and inferior native kinds have changed hands ; tke deliveries are small. In Italian silk there is little doing; importers are asking a considerable ad- vance, but this is chiefly owing to the impertant consumption abroad, and

| the doubtful prospects of the crop in various parts of Italy.

(From Messrs Powell and Co.'s Circular.)

London, June 6, 1855. We have again to report a steady and considerable business in leather

during the past month, almost without a change in its v-lue. The sup- | ply has been large, and the demand, although greatly aided by the in- creased energies for the prosecution ot the war, has not been of sufficient magnitude to cause an advance in prices, so that the quotations in our price current of the past month are generally continued, and it will be noticed in the following reports of the several descriptions of leather that it is only the very best qualities which command a ready sale. Crop hides have been in good request, and previous quotations are fully sup- ported. The supply of those of 35 lbs to 45 lbs weight, of prime qualities, have been inadequate to the demand. Lutts of all kinds retain their for- mer value: the demand for good light English butts has been active throughout the month ; other weights of English butts have met an ave-

| rage sale. In foreign butts the inquiry has been almost restricted to those of the best tannages and thickest substance. Dressing hides are in fair

| Supp'y, but there is a continued demand for the best common hides, 30 lbs to 54 lbs, as well as for prime saddler’s hides of heavier weights; good light shaved hides are also much wanted. In prices there is no altera- tion. Calf skins have been in good request throughout the month—those of prime qualities of middle and heavy weights being principally inquired for. Prices remain stationary.

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Kips also continue at the quotations of last month. The demand has not kept pace with the supply, excepting

do not meet any increased demand ; the limited sales which take place are at former prices. Horse butts may be quoted 4d per Ib lower.

(From Messrs Witherby and Hanson's Circular.) London, June 7, 1855.

Currants—The advance in 1851 fruit noticed in our last report has since been fully maintained, and in some instances exceeded, and has extended to other descriptions, particularly to the better sorts of 1854’s, but the low qualities of 1852 and 1853 are still difficult of sale and neg- lected. The clearances in May indicate extensive operations, and, although there has lately been less doing, the article bears a healthy aspect. Rai- sins—Red Smyrnas have sold freely from 29s to 30s, according to quality and Condition. In blacks there has been a large business done, princi- pally for France, and the best sorts have advanced to 25s to 26s, In other articles no change. .

(From Me:srs Grant, Hodgson, and Co’s Cireular.) London June 4, 1855.

The market last month presented no material change, and with some slight alterations we have resumed our previous quotations ; demand for exportation has been more active, and, considering the present limited stock, a satisfactory extent of business was transacted; of some descrip- tions supply was not found equal to demand, and sales of all sorts for home trade and exportation, which amount to nearly 1,500 hhds, would have been further extended, had suitable quality been obtainable. Latest advices from the United States and all the continental markets represent prices extremely firm for all sorts, and ho! ders exhibit increased confidence in prospective prices. Imports—771 hhds. Deliveries—902 hhds, against 1,200 hhds in the corresponding month of 1854. Stock—10,243 hhds, against 13,223 hhds in 1854; 15,972 hhds in 1853; 18,020 in 1852; 25,241 hhds in 1851 ; 23,393 hhds in 1850; and 22,488 hhds in 1849.

(From Messrs Hughes and Ronald’s Circu’ar.) Liverpool, June 7, 1855.

The course of business has continued steady during the month, and a gradual improvement has taken place in every branch of the wool trade. We are happy to be able at length to notice a cessation of the gloom which has for so long a period hung over the worsted trade, end, although the state of affairs in this very important department is still far from what cou'd be desired, it is at least satisfactory to believe that the turning point has been passed, and without any undue degree of confi- dence we think we may reasonably look forward to brighter prospects. | One main cause of the depression has been the great interruption to the trade with the United States, where, owing to the high rate of interest

for money, and other untoward causes, the state of commercial affairs has for a long time pst been even more unfavourable than with us, but it is encouraging to know that when matters once take a turn there, the re- action is both rapid and enduring.

(From Messrs Siurge and Co.'s Circular.)

Birmingham, June 6, 1855. We are in a critical position with regard to future supplies ; notwith-

standing the extraordinary crop of wheat grown in this country last year, it is generally supposed the stock now held by farmers cannot satisfy the wants of our population until harvest; but if France shou'd not | require an impo:t of much extent, we may draw a sufficient quantity | from Egypt, Italy, Spain, and the Bultic, to make up the deficiency, | with favourable weather, from the present time until our new crop is | secured, even if our present quotations sre not maintained; but in the event of a considerable competition from Belgium, France, or any other country, or an unfavourable prospect as to the coming harvest, even our present rates would no doubt be exceeded. In the United States the wheat crop is reported to be very promising, and prices there have rather given way, but from present scarcity the last quotation in New York for the finest white was equal to 97s per quarter, and there is no prospect of any considerable supply from America before ate in the autumn, though some little of the new crop may be shipped from Vir- ginia next month.

—_———

(From Messrs M' Nair, Greenhow,and Irviny's Circular.) Manchester, June 5, 1855.

The effect of the activity in the cotton market at Liverpool upon this market has been to induce many spinners and manufacturers again to de- mand much higher rates, say to the extent of }d perlb upon yarns, and 3d to 6d per piece upon many descriptions of cloths, such as shirtings, print- ing cloths, &c, for example ; whilst others, and more particularly those who are under contract, have determinedly refused to name a_ price—pre- ferring to wait the result of the cotton movement. Buyers here, who have shown no disposition to respond to the extreme rates demanded, continue to confine their operations to actual or immediate prospective wants, and to day an inconsiderable amount of business has been done in

either goods or yarns.

(Prom Messrs Du Fay and C..’* Cireular.) Manchester, June 4, 1855.

The quantity of cotton taken out of the Liverpool market during the past two mouths greatly exceeds that of any former period. Every one

was prepared to see prices somewhat enhanced thereby, but when it was

found that middling New Orleans had actually risen 1jd to 1 jd per lb during the month, the astonishment was extreme. Those manufacturers who have no stock, and who thought 53d to 6d too hizh, have been

obliged to pay this sudden and great “‘sdvanee for small quantities for im-

mediate want. ‘ihe surplus stock of cotton im m nufacturers’ hands,

which must now have reached 200,000 bales or more, is held by compae | ratively few individuals. We consider 7d per lb for midd ing New Orleans cotton too high for consumption to go on as hitherto, and we are afraid of

mischief should it rise still hizher. ‘That the present high prices will bring cot- | ton rapidly we have not the least doubt of, but in the meantime the quantity

cam,

—

; and M. Fould.

left available at present to those who are obliged te gointo the market is

comparatively small, and this renders their position anomalous, for it f

not likely that the manufactured articles can keep pace with cotton, !

rising still more, although it must be confessed that the prices of yarns

have latterly approached those of the raw material much more closely

than it was thought possible some time ago, and that the advance on

goods, speaking generally, has a'so not been inconsiderable, Shirtings

which could be bought at 10d to 103d six weeks ago, are now sold at 12d

per Ib.

Foreign Correspondence. From our Paris Correspondent.

Paris, June 7, 1855. The diplomatic negotistions have been abortive, and the English

and French Governments have agreed to close the Conferences of Vienna,

with a firm »esolution not to reopen the negotiations until the results of the expedition to the Crimea have forced the Russian Cabinet to propose acceptable terms of arrangement. The Cabinet of Vienna has openly de- clared its unwi lingness to take an active pact in the war. It will remain neutral, though it continues to protest that it sides with the Western Powers, and desires that Russia shou!d be put in a condition to be unable to threaten the balance of power in Europe. Prussia has also proclaimed its neutrality, but it avows more openly its sympathies for Russia, so that both these great German Powers will be neutral, one sympathi-ing with the Western Powers, and the other with Russia. It seems that the Englisl Cabinet was at first desirous to send a threatening note to Vienna and Berlin, summoning them to declare themselves without delay for the

| one or the other of the belligerent parties, but the counsel of France pre- | vailed, and it was decided that they should be allowed to maintain their

neutrality until the campaign in the Crimea is finished. Indeed the despatches we have received for a fortnight from the allied army are very cheering, and a speedy and successful termination of the siege of Sebastopol is anticipated. ‘The Russian bu'letins which have been received by the telegraph show some uneasiness. The

THE ECONOMIST.

razzia which was made in the Sea ot Azoff cuts off the means of sending | provisions and ammunition to the army and to Sebastopol, and the Russians at the same time fear the undaunted spirit of the new General- in Chief of the French, who has brilliantly inaugurated his new position by the fights of the 23rd and 24th. The Russians fought desperate!y on the nights of the 22d and 23d, since the place d’armes was taken and lost five times bythe French. But onthe following night their ardour hadsubsided, and al! the accounts state that the Russian soldiers were quite dispirited. The Allies have now received all their reinforcements. Ther forces ex- ceed 200,000 men, and they are able to maintain the works of the siege, | and at the same time to attack the Russian army, and to undertake a

[June 9, Mediterranean from 1,200f to 1,220f; Great Central from 597f 50¢ to 605f; Rouen from 1,092F 50c to 1,090f; Havre trom 590£ to 595f: ' Western from 700f to 702 50c. hy

INCOME TAX. METHODS OF COMPUTING THE INCOME TAX WITHOUT THE USE OF TABLES,

BY J. A. FRANKLIN, ESQ., AUDITOR AND ACCOUNTANT, To the Editor of the Economist.

The new tax of 1s 4d per £1, is just one-fifteenth part of the income: or % of £1 on every £10 (63 per cent.) ;

Write down the gross income in £’s and decimals of £: deduct i: the remainder is 10 times the tax.

EXaMP.E, Proof. £a 4

Gress income ......... ideatiteons eS 3417 6

Correspondence.

Deduct One-tird csocesecceeesee REGBS scoccccee 4u12 6

2.325 10)23 5 0

2 6 6 In the case Consols, the dividend, £1 10s per half-year, is re.

presented decimally by £1°5; giving the same figures for the multiplier which express the tax—(one-fifteenth)—the divisor. So that the charge is manifestly 1-1000th part of the capital stock or principal: ie. “1 per

Example :—The tax upon £2,325 Consols is £2°32,5. Having the 15th part of a3 per cent. dividend self-expressed, it is

easy to compute therefrom the tax upon any other rate of dividend, say more or less than 3 per cent., by one-third, one-half, or otherwise.

NoTe.,—Assuming that for the first half-year of 1855, the extra 2d per £ is chargeable in re-pect of 3 months only,—'he tax would be (exceptionally) 1s 3d per £, 64 per cent., or 1-16:h part of the income instead of 1-15th.

INCOME TAX PAID BY COMPANIES. To the Editor of the Economist.

S1r,—There are two systems adopted by joint stock companies to collect from their proprietors the property tax due on their dividends. The one is to pay the tax for their proprietors out of the profits of the company, and the other is to deduct from the dividend of each pro- prietor the amount of property tax due thereon. Of these two systems

| there is no doubt that the former is the most convenient and least

campaign in the interior of the Crimea, so as to force the enemy to retreat | towards Perekop, and to intercept all the communications with Sebastopol. A body of troops is placed along the Tchernaya, waiting for an oppor- tunity to attack the troops of General Liprandi, and another corps is On | much as possible the small incomes of their less wealthy proprietors.

The Go- | ; Itisno doubt a very welcome piece of intelligence to a great many wealthy shareholders, when the chairman of a joint stock company

the march towards Simphero;0}, in order to attack that town. vernment received yesterday a despatch, in which General Pelissier an- nounced that a bri'liant victory had been gained by the French cavalry | commanded by General Maurice. But we shali now remain several days without any new information, as it is announced that the telegraphic

| line from Balaklava to Verna was broken, and the communication would be interrupted for a few days.

All the difficulties which were like to have dissolved our Cabinet have been got over, though there is great antipathy between M. de Persigny

It is examining the best meins of raising the new loan of 750 millions, which is now indispensable. Several of the members of the Cabinet wish to announce it immediately, as the prices of the securities are favourabie, and might decline before long. But it seems that M. Fould and the Empe:or himse!f prefer waiting until September or October, and taking 150 millions of the Bank of France, which will be repaid when the loan is negotiated. As, however, the necessity of such a loan is acknowledged by everybody, it has a chilling effect upon specula- tion, and it prevents our Three per Cents. from following the rise in the English Consols ani of our own railway shares, which are improving every day.

Our Universs] Exhibition begins to assume a more satisfactory aspect, though many French exhibitors have not yet sent their products, It will not be complete before the end of the month. The foreigners and inha- bitants of the provinces in Paris are very numerous, and they are arriv:ng every day by all the raiiways.

The following are the variations of cur securities from May 31st to June 6th :—

fe fe The 3 per Cents. improved from... 7025 to 70 70 and left off at 70 30 The 44 Por Cents. ccrcorrrrcoccsverers ove 99415 — 44 25 = 4 0 The Loan, 1855s. 7110 — %150 a 7115 Kank Shares...ccres...- 075 0 — 2030 0 — 3070 0 The Aust:ian Shares ................. €47 5 — 655 0 — 645 0 Di estinerm Blea18S ccocccancesscecccsece oe 910 0 — 920 0 — £13 75 BRRORETR cccnnsccscesescans0secene eebconcee SIR 75 — 925 0 _ 905 0 Ditto (DEW SHeTES).....c0rcccccreeveee 760 O —— 767 50 — 750 O EDSIENS wccncrnrsseronccenessenen cose 12065 0 — 12:0 0 _ 1155 0 Rouca » oe 1050 C — 1095 0 —_ 195 0 Havre srsrteeeesersceeneeseereesene 190 0 — $95 O os ~90 0 Groat Comtral ...cccsscssceecese seems 882 50 <= 897 Se ~ 592 50

Harr.past Four.—The Three per Cents, were quoted to day with- out the dividend; all the securities were improving. The Three per Centr. varied from 68f 90c to 68 95c ex div.; the F. ur-and-a-half per Cents trom 94f 10c to 94! 0c; the Loan, three and u-half per cent, from 69f 50c wo 69! 75c ex div.; the Bank shares were at 3,070f; the Aus trian shares at 645!; tne Northern shares from 915i to 920f; the Eastern shares from 905f to 910f; ditte, new shares, from 752f 50¢ to 760f, Orleans from 1,200f to 1,220f ; Lyons from 1,235: to 1,242f 5uc;

troublesome : it, however, compels many parties to pay income tax who would not otherwise be liable to do so.

In the lists of the proprietors of almost every joint stock company are to be found the names of many persons of small means, whose incomes from all sources do not amount to 100/ per annum, and who consequently are exempt from paying property tax. To such people as these every shilling saved is a matter of importance, and I consider it the duty of every board of directors, irrespective of such petty consi- derations as inconvenience or alittle extra trouble, to use every means in their power, by careful and judicious management, to increase as

announces the determination of the directors to pay the property tax for their preprictors; it is no wonder that such a statement should meet with the hearty response of “ Hear, hear” from those present; for it is unquestionably a great boon to those who have to pay income tax to getit paid for them. Not so, however, with the poor proprietor, who is not entitled to pay any, and who knows even if the tax were deducted from his small dividend, he could, by applying to the proper authorities, get repaid the sum so deducted, and who only !ooks upon the money so #ppropriated as so much lost to him in the shape of increased dividends or a more frequent bonus.

Some comp@ies adopt the latter system, that of dividing among their proprietors the largest available sum of profits in the shape of dividends, and deduct from each proprietor’s dividend the property tax due thereon. This I conceive the fairest and most equitable system, as it leaves the wealthy proprietor in precisely the same position as before, for it should be so managed that the dividend received, less income tax, should be pre- cisely the same as the sum received when the tax was paid out of the profits of the company for all the proprietors; while it would, at the same time, give those proprietors whose incomes do not amount to 100! per annum the opportunity of participating to the fullest extent in the prosperity of the company, for the sum so deducted from their divi- dends could be reclaimed by them from the income tax commissioners. —I am, Sir, your most obedient servant, r. J. W.

Belfast, June 4, 1855,

xkmpertal Parliament. PRINCIPAL BUSINESS OF THE WEEK.

House or Lorps—Monday : Committee on the Newspaper Stamps Bill. Tuesdav: Announcement by the Earl of Clarendon that the Vierna Conference had been tinally closed. Thursday : Committee on the Cambridge University Bil’. a

House or Commons.— Monday: Adjourned Debate on the Prosecution of the War. Tuesday: Adjournes Debate. Wednesda, : Adjourned Debate upon Maynooth Col-

mille,” or 1 mil per £ : self-expressed by the original figures, unchanged,

lege. “4hursday: Further Consideration of the Debate on the Wer.

HOUSE OF LORDS | Monday, June 4. _ |

Lord Granville, in reply to Lord Albemarle, stated that the Russian |) Government, in a recent circul*r, had misrepresented the line of conduct pursued by Captain Watson, in declaring the biockade of the ports of

that empire in the Baltic. The Newspaper Stamps Bill passed through committee.— Adjourned.

Tuesday, June fe Lord Panmure, in reply to Lord Ellenborough, stated that the delay

in organising the Turkish contingent had arisen from a disinclination to

weeken the forces of Omar Pasha, by depriving him of any of his veteran \

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1855.)

troops. At the same time the contingent would not be composed en- tirely of raw levies, because a portion of it would be drawn from old Turkish troops garrisoned in Bulgaria.

The Earl of Clarendon, in reply to Lord Lyndhurst, stated that the Vienna Conferences had been finally closed.

The Newspaper Stamp Bill was read a third time and passed. Some others business was also despatched, after which their lordships

adjourned. Thursday, June 7.

The Lord Chancellor, on the order of the day being read for the re- committal of the Cambridge University Bill, explained the various amendments which he proposed to introduce into the measure, the general effect of which may be described as intended to render the clauses for reforming the general body of the University of Cambridge in uni- son with those contained in the bill passed last year for the University ot Oxford. In the case of Dissenters, it was proposed that they should be allowed to proceed to the degree of Masters of Art, onthe understand- ing that such Masters of Art were not to become members of the Senate, unless they subscribed the 39 articles.

Their lordships then went into committee on the bill, when Lord Powis proposed an amendment to clause 5, to the effect

that the Masters of Arts should stand in the same relation to the governing body of the University of Cambridge as the Masters of Arts in Oxford stood to the Hebdomadal Council.

After some discussion the amendment was negatived. The remaining clauses were then agreed to, and the house adjourned.

Friday, June 8. The Bishop of London referred to the want of adequate provision for

the interment of the dead in some parts of the metropolis, and urged the immediate attention of the Government to the subiect.

[LEFT SPEAKING. ]

HOUSE OF COMMONS, Monday, June 4.

Lord Palmerston intimated that the Conferences at Vienna were virtu- ally at an end.

On the order for resuming the adjourned debate on the prosecution of the war, upon the amendment of Mr Disraeli’s motion proposed by Sir F. Baring, now a substantive motion,

Mr M. Gibson, after objecting to the amendment of Mr Lowe,—which declared that, owing to the refusal of Russia to restrict the atrength of her navy in the Black Sea, the means of coming to agreement on the

| third basis of negotiation were thereby exhausted,—observed that he | would assume that the rule of the Sultan in a particular part of Europe | was a political necessity, and that this country was bound to defend him | against his enemies. If Turkey was an European necessity, it was beside | the question to consider whether Russia was right or wrong in the com- mencement of hostilities against her, since we must always defend her when attacked. The war, then, was carried on for the defence of Turkey and for that object alone. He ridiculed the attempt to conjure up frightfu

| visious of what he termed the phantom of Russian power; and he con- | demned the raising the expectations of the unhappy Poles. The question

related, he repeated, simply to the taking care of Turkey. | Sir W. Molesworth, after noticing the effects of the several amendments | before the house, assumed the real question to be whether or not we ought to have made peace upon the Russian proposal on the third point Mr Gibson (who had maiutained the affirmative) had asked what were

In his opinion, those objects were to prevent

the obligations of European international law by inflicting punishment | upon the Power which had violated that law. With regard to the third

point, which contained an indispensable’ security for all the other points, Russia had used every description of diplomatic artifice, and the accept-

'| ance of the proposals she had made, he contended, would be a virtual abandonment of the main object of the war, by allowing the maintenance

| by Russia of that naval force at Sebastopol which had been declared to be a standing menace to Turkey.

| Various other members having addressed the house, Sir B. Lytton combated the arguments of Mr Gladstone, who had

| avowed that he had supported the war because it was just, and would close it now because all its objects could be attained by negotiation. | Mr Gladstone had been a party to the expedition to the Crimea, and was

‘

| what, he asked, was the direct question?

}

|

|

|| Of a new war,

{

|

|

therefore, he contended, responsible for all its logical consequences, and for the present complication of the question. When a peace was to be patched up, Mr Gladstone seemed to have forgot, too, he observed, that we had an ally in the war. Dismissing all diplomatic quibbles, and looking at the record of the negotiations by the light of common sense,

How to put an end to the preponderance of Russia in the Black Sea, and to prevent the outbreak

After discussing the propositions for this object made to the Conferences, he proceeded to consider the several amendments before the house, neither of which, he said, he could cordially approve. The original motion, he observed, had effected its object: it had not changed the Government, but it had changed their tone. With regard to Austria, he thought it would be better to leave her to the inevitable contingencies of a prolonged war and to the known disposition of her statesmen; and,

|| confining the war to its original objects, the maintenance of the integrity and independence of the Turkish empire, with such guarantees as states- men might invent and victories extort, the contest could not be long if we were only in earnest, for war, at the present day, was money, and the resources of Russia must be soon exhausted.

The Lord-Advocate defended the course pursued by the Government, observing that the proposition made to Russia upon the third point in- volved not merely the reduction of her navy in the Black Sea, but the bringing her under the jurisdiction of the other States of Europe, with reference to her preponderance in that sea.

Mr Cobden moved that the debate be adjourned, and, after some con-

Versation, the motion was agreed to.— Adjourned. a i

—_-—_——— ~~ — —-- — a ne

THE ECONOMIST.

i=

623

Tuesday, June 5. The adjourned debate on the prosecution of the war was resumed by

*" Mr Cobden, who, after clearing away certain preliminary objections to the course which he and his party had taken upon this question, declared that they dealt with the honest interests of England, and he maintained that its just interests were in harmony with the interests of the whole world. He expressed his astonishment at the speech of Sir W. Moles- worth ; he had never heard, he said, a speech so utterly at variance with all the previous declarations of the speaker. He urged the apparent inconsistency between the language of Lord J. Russell in that house and | at Vienna, and that Lord John had misapprehended the bias of public opinion in Germany with regard to the war, to which he believed it was |

After the treaties which had confined Russia to her own terri- | adverse. tories, why not have contented ourselves with sending our fleet to the Black Sea, and refusing to enter upon land operations until the great | Powers of Germany were willling and ready to join us, instead of taking | upon ourselves to fight the battle of civilisation for the whole world ? What were we now fighting for? To reduce, it was said, the prepon- | derance of Russia in the Black Sea. But that preponderance resulted from her commerce and her vast shipments of produce there, and, so long as these continued, all the Powers upon earth could not take it away. After a review of the prospects of the ensuing campaign in the Crimea, Mr Cobden contended that the war had been recommenced upona point of difference almost infinitely minute; that the invasion of Russia by a land force was an infatuation; that we had attempted too much ; and, in obedience to a cry out of doors, had undertaken a task more difficult than any nation had ventured upon before.

Other hon. members having spoken, Sir James Graham said he had never risen with feelings of greater

embarrassment and difficulty than upon that occasion, and that he must appeal to the generosity of the house, since the opinions he was about to express were not in accordance with those of the majority. He had been of opinion, he said, and he still retained it, that the war was just and necessary, and the real question at issue was, had the objects for which the war was undertaken been obtained, or did the Conferences at Vienna afford a fair ground of probability that the means of obtaining these ob- jects did not exist. He wished to know from the Government—first, what was the proposition lately made by Austria which England had re- jected; and, secondly, whether, in their opinion, the four points were still regarded as the basis of any future arrangements with Russia, or whether these points had been abandoned, and fresh terms were to be offered. He did not deny that during the war it was perfectly legitimate to vary the terms of peace; but the object of the war should be kept steadily in view, and should not vary with theincidents of the war. The avowed, and he considered the sole object of this war was the mainte nance of the independence and integrity of Turkey. He agreed that it was not politic to humble an adversary by force of arms, and he pro-

ceeded to state what were the original demands of Russia, and to con- trast them with the concessions which she was willing to make at the Conferences, insisting that this alteration of tone had been gained by force of arms. The test of the concessions was, in his opinion, well laid down by Lord John Russell, when he said that in a treaty of peace the honour of the adversary should be consulted. Sir James reviewed and commented upon the discussions at the Conferences. He acknowleged that he was a party to the proposition for limiting the Russian naval power in the Black Sea; but he was bound to state that it was never re- garded by him as an ultimatum ; that it was not accepted by France as an ultimatum, and that it was not proposed at Vienna by France or England as an ultimatum; and the result of the discussion in that house had convinced him thet as an ultimatum it was not tenable. On the other hand, he considered that the Russian proposition contained the elements of an adjustment. Although not the friend of Russia, he con tended that the honour of Russia must be considered—that she must not be pushed to-the wall; and, esteeming the restoration of peace one of the greatest blessings that could be conferred upon this country, he deeply regretted that any opportunity should be lost.

Lord J. Russell said the observations made during the debate upon the negotiations, and particularly the remarks of Mr Cobden, rendered it in- cumbent upon him to offer some explanations. He accordingly went once more cursorily over the proceedings of the Conferences, vindicating,

as he proceeded, the part he took in them against the criticisms of Mr Cobden. With reference to the third point, he maintained that the only mode of causing a cessation of the preponderance of Russia in the Black Sea, was by diminishing her naval force there ; and, although it had been said that the plan would be ineffectual, he was of a different opinion, beceuse he believed that, if the Russian Government began building more ships in the Euxine, the suspicions of Europe would be roused. With respect to the very serious question—namely, if we were forced to con tinue the war by finding the only terms that would provide a security for the Turkish empire refused, what was now the object of the war? His answer to this question must be a general one, that the object still was

the security of Turkey against Russia, and to obtain some material gua- rantee for the peace of Europe against the aggresssion of that Power. The particular mode must depend, as it had been already said, upon the events of the war. It would be presumptuous to point out now what other terms of peace we, in conjunction with our allies, should think it necessary to demand; but this object had been secured even by the abor- tive negotiationr—namely, that Turkey would be considered one of the Powers of Europe, forming part of the system of the balance of power, and that her independence and integrity would be recognised.

Mr Roebuck moved the adjournment of the debate until Thursday. This motion was agreed to. The house then went into committee upon the Excise Acts, when cer-

tain resolutions, moved by the Chancellor of the Exchrquer, were agreed to, after some discussion.— Adjourned.

Wednesday, June 6. The debate upon Maynooth College, adjourned on the Ist of May, was

resumed by Mr Serjeant O’Brien, who, after insisting that the establish- ment of the College was a measure of unquestioned expediency, and

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regretting that the recurrence of these polemical di alive, he said, a bitter spirit of theological hostility, argued that the cir-

cumstances attending the grant placed it upon a higher footing than

other similar grants ; that, upon the grounds either of compact or of ab-

stract justice, the repeal of the act, which introduced no new principle

but merely extended and improved preceding legislative enactments,

would be indefensibie. Mr Whiteside entered upon a narrative of the historical and legal inci-

dents connected with the earliest origin of a scheme for the education

of the Roman Catholic clergy in Ireland; of the principles upon which

the College of Maynooth was at first founded ; of the opinions of eminent

Roman Catholics as to the policy of educating the clergy, apart from the

laity, and the character of the educction at Maynooth. He then referred

to the Commission of 1826, under the late Sir T. F. Lewis, whose inquiry

he characterised as an honest, useful, and instructive one, which showed

that at that time Jesuitism existed in the institution in the form of a so- dality or congregation, and he endeavoured to prove that the same prin- ciples prevailed there now.

Ater some further discuussion, the debate was again adjourned.

Thursday, June 7. The adjourned debate on the prosecution of the war was moved by Mr

Roebuck, who entered at considerable length into the whole question. Mr S. Herbert remarked that Mr Roebuck and others in this con-

troversy confounded two things essentially distinct—the operations ot war, as means to an end, and the end itself. The question was further perplexed, he observed, by the different and discordant views of the various parties in the house. It was in no spirit of levity, and not without deep and weighty consideration, that he had come to the con- clusion in favour of a declaration of war. The original objects were the abrogation of that network of treaties whereby Russia held Turkey in her grasp, the abolition of the exclusive protectorate of the Principalities, and the freedom of the navigation of the Danube. Having sought these objects, when he was asked why he was now an advocate of peace, he answered that they were gained: and he asked, in return, how those who advocated the war after those objects had been obtaincd could call them worthless; if so, they could not justify even the commencement of wat. France, he believed, was nearer to making peace than we were. Austria might get alarmed. ‘The resou'ces of Turkey were impaired; she was jealous and apprehensive of the intentions of the Western Powers.

Mr Drummond said the causes of this war were not so recent as had been supposed. A hatred of Russia had been inculcated systemati- cally for many years. Mr Cobden had, in the house and out of it, held the power of Russia cheap. This war was undertaken, it was said, in the cause of civilisation and to maintain the independence of the Turkish empire; but he denied that any European Power had ever admitted its integrity, and was there ever such an abuse of terms as to talk of civilis- ation in relation to Turkey?

Sir William Clay, the house at considerable length, the debate was again adjourned.

Mr Wilson ob ained leave to bringin a bill te allow spirits of wine to be used duty free in the arts and manufacture s.—Adjourned.

The adjourned debate on the war was resumed by Mr Scott, who sup-

THE ECONOMIST. TD

scussions, which kept ! population in becomes 1,029, and, notwithstanding the improvement

Mr Bright, and other hon. members, having addressed |

friday, June 8. |

!

; ported the amendment of the hon. member for Kidderminster.

Sir F. Baring said that in bringing forward his amendment he did it not from any opposition to the Government, but to support itagainst the at

_—-ounannntnanenstenaseanaaeneeneeacne ee

[June 9,

shown above, it appears that 44 persons died Jast week above the calcy- lated number. Last week the births of 714 boys and 688 girls, in el 1,402 children, were registered in London. In the 10 corresponding weeks of the years 1845-54 the average number was 1,405. At the Roval Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29°692 in, The highest reading was 29°90 in. on the morning of Saturday. The mean temperature of the week was 49°4 deg., which ig 6'8 deg. below the average of the same week in 38 years. The mean temp erature was below the average on every day, except Sunday (27th of May); on Tuesday, Wednesday, ‘and Thursday this depression extended

from 10 deg. to 12 deg. The highest temperature occurred on Sunday, and was 72'8 deg.; the lowest on Wednesday, and was 39°2. The mean dew point temperature was 43°8 deg. , and the difference between this and the mean temperature of the air was 5°6 deg. The mean temperature

of the water of the Thames was 56°5 deg. The wind blew generally from the north or north-east till Friday, when it changed to south and south-west. The amount of rain was 0 79 in., of which 0°59 in. fell on Thursday. i

Concerts.—Herr Ernst Pauer gave his annual concert in Hanover | square rooms on the 2nd inst. A symphony of Mr Pauer’s own compo- | sition, a work of considerable merit, was performed for the first time. | Of the five parts, the introduction (adagio) and the following allegro are

somewhat vague, the Scherzo, trying to the performers, will no doubt | please when played.again, but the andante and finale, which are perfectly original, came out very clearly, and were thoroughly appreciated and ap- plauded by the numerous audience. Nothing would be better than Herr Pauer’s performance of Hummel’s concerto in A flat. Herr Rei- chart is not quite equal to the great tenor arias in “‘ Don Giovanni,” and he succceds much better in the lovely German airs with which he used to charm his audience. Miss Dolby sang with effect Haydn’s spirit song and Mdlle Emilia Krall from Vienna, endowed with a fine soprano voice, not sufficiently under command, had great success in the scena from Weher’s ‘‘Freischutz.” ‘This laiy sings with more energy than we are accustomed to think requisite in the concert room. The ‘“ London Deutscher Manncr-Chor,” a society under Herr Pauer’s direction, exe. | cuted very well three chorusses by Mendelssohn from Antigone and Oedipus in Colonos, but they were too few to rise above the brass band accompaniments, which were tco noisy for the rooms. The con- cert was well managed and gave unmixed satisfaction to the audience. | Mdile Herrmann had her annual soiree musicale last Monday. She has | a most pleasing voice, and is an excellent pianiste. Some of the pieces chosen were not in good taste, and a young lady, comparatively new to London, should prefer setting down her hearers to the accredited music of eminent composers, rather than risk the somewhat dangerous experi- | ment of performing new music by comparatively unknown artistes. | The quartetts by Mozart and Beethoven were well performed, and Herr | Carl Deichmann charmed the audience with a selectioa from the ‘‘ Lucia’, of his own arrangement.

ee Sanne

FOREIG AND COLONIAL.

FRANCE. The commerci:! situation of Paris has improved during the week

| Strangers are beginning to crowd in, and the re-ail shops, as well as ||

tack of the right hon. gentleman the member for Buckinghamshire. Whenhe | proposed his amendment the Conferences at Vienna had not been closed, but he thought that under such circumstances it would have been unfair to have censured the Government. Circumstances have since then changed, and the important point now for the amendment of the hon. member for Kidderminster. of the hor. member was anything but substantial, because if the hous carried it, the greatest loophole would be left to escape from every undertaking that had been entered into. house would not, upon the amendments that had been proposed, come to any satisfactory conch ision.

[LEFT SPEAKING. ] oe

Lie Caner.

COURT AND ARISTOCRACY. The Court attended Divine service in the private chapel at Buckingham

Palace on Sunday. On Monday, Prince

BRctos ct

Albert Sod Eton College for the purpose of hearing the speeches of the schol y

The Queen and a Alt

Tuesday morning, to ins

orTrse

bert visited Gore house,* Kensington, on ha works of students in the metri »politan

and provincial schools in connection with the department of Science an Art, Marlborough house.

The Queen held a Privy Council

On Thursday, the Queen visite on Wednesday.

d the Italian Opera.

YS

METROPOLIS.

ieee

RING THE WEEK.—In the week that ended ei Tne Heavtu or Loxpow pu

on Saturday the deaths ——were ré

of 1,073 persons—viz., 542 males and 531 females ded by the London registrars. This number presents a

ene ve about 100 on the deaths registered in the preceding wecks of iy to some extent the effect of a rise in

ecaeees a — took plac ‘e in the week preceding that to which a ger urn relates. The following are the mean weekly tempera- cadiin os 44 des deg.,47°6 deg., 46 deg., 55°4 deg., and in the week Saal of June the temperature again fell to 49°4 deg. In th

i ing weeks of the ten years 1845-54 the avera ge number of deaths was 9 a aS 36; if this number is raised by a tenth part for increase of

decrease is apparent tne te peri t

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the house to deal with was |

The resolution |

It appeared to him that the |

|

| those for articles of lusury and nouveautes, which complained so long || of the dulness of the season, have sold largely. The provincial manu- || facturers, on the other hand, have lost somewhat of their activity, with \| the «xception of those of Lyons and St Etienne, which have received im- | portant orders from Paris, F ngland, the United States, Italy, Spain, and | even Russia. The manufact urers of Rouen and Alsace are calm. ‘Those | of Roubaix, Tarcoing, and Amiens continue to work, althouzh transac- Game have become rather slack. A considerable rise has taken place in ||

e price of corn. Speculators availed themselves of the ijast rains to force it up out, as is nlwa ys the case at this period of the year, the in- |} jury done by the cold and humidiry has been much exaggerated. The H

is backward by at 1} |

wheat crop * Jeast three weeks round Paris and in the } north of Franee, but everywhere else, as also in Algeria, it presents |

the finest appearance. ‘Jhe accounts from Spain likewise promise a | | most abundant harvest; so that there is no real cause to justify the ep-

dantly supplied with cattle during the week.

| of cotton,

0 ge = Flour, however, again in- ated by the

on the Paris market. The best sorts have sold at 90f prehensions p: opag creased 2f per sack ind 91f per sack of 157 kilogrammes. ae 15,000 metric il quintals a rise was general in all the provin- cial markets. Wheat advanced tolitre. The marsets of Pois a:

“The steck at the Halle has fullen

n an average from 2¢ to 2f 50c per het: |

Sceaux, and La Chapelle, were abun-

: Rates, nevertheless, maine |

tained themselves high, The trade is unfortunately carried on by mid. |

dlemen, who, after paying dearly for the cattle, are anxious themselves | to realise The wine trade at "Bercy was very brisk for

some days, but wi liuut any change in prices, enormous profits.

ITED STATES. The mercantile advices is u Amecica report a farther rise in the price

and a deficiency in the crops. Commercial business 1¢ mained quiet, and money was easier and more abundant, and stocks, in consequence, were advancing. The usual tabular statements show that |

the value of imports into the port of New York, for the week ending the 20th ult., had sudden'y increased, the total being 3,125,580 dols. The export of merchandise, &c., was only 892,706 dols, and of specie

gross total outwards 3,022, = dols, and leaving an exc. ss of imports over exports of only 102,627 dols, The drain upon the sock of gold, although thus shown to be very consider-

able, is more than made up by the arrivals of large supplies from Cali- fornia. The returns of the city banks for the week ending the 29 h ult., | wher 1 compa’ed with those for the previous week, show an increase in |

( a

2,130,250 dols, making the )

discounts of 33,002 dols; increase in specie of 639,430 dols; increase in deposits of 1,500,626 dols ; ; increase in circulation, 166,347 do!s.

acting sabia °°

ie ett malin plas om

oa

1855. | ————

SOUTH AMERICA. The latest advices from Rio state that that 105,000 bags of coffee had

been sold-—viz , 67,000 for the United States, 31 for Channel, &c., and | 7,000 for the Mediterranean, at 48s 54 washed ; superior, 44s ; first good, 408 4d; first ordinary, 38s 2d ; second good, 35s Sd; these rates being for the best of each sort put on board. In sugar and hides, trans- actions had been too limited to require particular mention.

| England, 35s to 40s; Channel, 353 to 60s ; Hamburg, 50s; and Medi- terranean, G(s to 70s.

At Bahi, holders of sugars attempted to ma‘ntain higher rates, but were generally compelled to sell at 1,800 reis brown; whites 2,200, with abatements upon inferior cases. Cotton shipments were inactive, and prices nominal, at 5,400 reis. No alteration had taken place in coffee and hides. Exchange on London flat at 28d for 90 days’ sight ; drawers held

N34

Freight, for Channel and orders, 50s, and a charter had been made direct

for England at 42s 6d; for the Continent, at 45s ; and for Gottenburg, at 47s 6d.

| At Pernambuco, import and export business continued very du‘l. Sugars had come in but slowly, and prices of the muscovadoes kept very high. The demind was principa'ly for France andthe native southern ports. They were quoted :—Whites, seconds, 2,900 to 3.100 reis; thirds and fourths, 2,350 to 2,759 reis ; muscova- does, 1,800 to 2,000 reis, 30th of April were 42,177 tons; and during the corresponding periods in 1853-54, 37,862 tons; 1852-53, 46,563 tons. For cotton there had been more inquiry. Prices were firm at 5,300 reis for regular lots, and 5,700 for picked parcels of Pernams ; Maceios sold readi'y at 5,750 reis; Parai- bas were nominal at 6,200 reis. Hides were firm at 190 reis. Freights

but for the limited supply of produce. Quotations are, for the Channel and Mediterranean, 40s for sugars; 3d per lb for cotton to Liverpool. Exchange on London done at 27 to 27}.

WEST INDIES. The latest advices from Jamaica state that in commercial matters a

large amount of business had been done, and fair prices had been realised.

prem. British Guiana, together with the other West India Islands, was. healthy. Trade was dull, although the average importations continued. There was a fair supply of shipping. weather is much improved, and sugar making has been resumed.”

BIRTHS. On the 34 inst., at the Deanery, Southempton, the Lady of Archdeacon Wigrawm,

of a daugbter, stillborn. On Monéay, March 12, at Shanghai, the wife of John Skinuer, Esq , of the Oriental!

Bank, ofa sor. On the 5th inst., the Lady Wm, Compton, of a son.

MARRIAGES. On the 2nd inst., the Rev. John Cocker, to Catharine, eldest daughter of Abram

Crompton, Esq., of Crompton, Lancashire. On the 4th inst. Oswald Borland, Esq., R.N., son of James Borland, Esq, M.D.,

Inspector-General of Army Hospitels, of Teddington, Middlesex, to Julla Jane, youngest daughter of the Rey, Richard Potenger, M.A., rector of st Martin’s, Guern-ey,

On the 6th inst., Sir Thomas Erskine Perry, M.?. for Devonport. te Elizibeth Mac. garet, second daughter of Sir John J. B. Johnstoue, Bart, M.P. tor Scarborough.

DEATHS. On the 1st inst., at Wokingham, Lady Harriet Mitchel’,

Duke of Beaufort. On Sunday Jas‘, at 27 Portland place, in the 91st year of her age, Lady Robert Sey-

mour, relie ofthe late Lord Robert Seymour. On the 12th ult. at Constantinople, Cecil Klward, the infant

blanque, Esg., Assistant-Commissary-Geoeral, On the 3d inst., at Edinburgh, Rear-Admira! Jo!

Se nt een we

daughter of Henry, 5th

on of E, B. de Fon-

Macpherson Ferguson,

CUMMERCIAL AND MISCELLANEOUS NEWS.

The Bank of British North America has declared a dividend at the rate of 6 per cent. premium, and a honus of 3 per cent,

exportation of bar silver The duty on raw silk and silk manufactures, imported into Chili

|| for home consumption, is reduced to 15 per cent, ad valorem. | According to a circular of M. Arles Dufour, of Lyons, the results

| {

| |

of the new crop of silk may be estimated as follows :—France—a very satisfactory y‘eld, fine weather having lately dissipated every cause of danger. Piedmort Naples and Spain—: very short crop, —also an uafavourable return.

a pearto be local. In the markets both at S transactions continue very active, and prices are

The returns of circulation of the Irish and Seotch banks for the four weeks ending the 12th of May, when added togé foliowing as the average weekly circulation of these bunks during the

past month, viz.:—Average circulation of the Irish banks, 6,342 2501;

average circulation of the Scotch banks, 93,001,5011; average eircula- tion during past month, 10,143.5512. Ou compariny the above with

|| the fixed issues of the several banks, the ny uppears to be the || State of the circulation :—The Tish banks are below their fixed issue,

12,5441; the Scotch banks are above therr fixed issue, 814,092/; || above the fixed issue, 801,848’. The amounts of gold and silver hele || at the head offices of the several banks during the post month have

been as follows:—Gold and silver held by the Lrish bani, 1,919,349); {; gold and silver held by the Scotch banks, 1,635,297; total of goldand 7 Silver held, 3,584,7451. | At a sale of copper ore held at Camborne on the Sist ult., 4,426

| tons sold fur 27,489! Gs Gd. 14 | las; guentity of fine copper, 27¢

<siaitnes satiety 5” nne and Lyons the well maintained,

her, give the

Ae ma ica pl ann a

1 beat sOLOW

Average standard, 142/85 5 averaye pro-

| duce, 6}; average price per ton, 6! 4 | tons 10 cwis; average standard last sale, 143/ 42.

These returns, combined with the aver-ve eirculation of the Dank

of England ior the same period, will give the foilowing resulis of the ; en . ae ~ a o = —

THE ECONOMIST.

Freights for ,

out for 274d, and a small amount of money had been refused at 274d. |

better grades of whires and !

‘Lhe exports from the Ist of November to the

were firmer, and would have improved, owing t» the scarcity of tonnage |

Exchanges on London, at 90 days, were at par; 60 days, 3 per cent. |

From St Lucia we learn, “ The |

The Provincial Government of Peru lias abolished the tax on the |

With regard to Lomburdy the ac. |

counts are conflicting, but such cass of failure as are reported ap. |

toral |

625 | '

' circulation of notes in the United Kingdom, when compared with the |

}

| previous month :— . April 14, 1855 May 12,1855 = Increase Decrease

£ £ 4 £ Bank of Enqland ccooccesccreccceses 19,685,268 20,182,578 7, on Private banks ... eo 5,912,675 3,937,601 24 92 “< JOINS STOCK DANKS re. cerceeserreeree | 3,151,428 3,151,878 45

Total In England ccccccccccce sce 26,7

mae er 2,742,910 3.°01,301 128 6,452,458 6,242,250

Scotland...cccccoe coves oe cesses cecees LrClUNd sercceccoveveeees ses ceeres sen |

56,955 096 37 415,608 550,542 a |

showlny at increase of 522,389/ in the circulation of nores in England, | | and an increase of 560,542/ in the circulation of the United Kingdom, | when compared with the month ending the 4th: f April,and, as com-

pared with the month ending the 13th of May, 1854, the above re-

i

|

| |

| turns show a decrease of 1,722,108! in the circulation of notes in Eng- |

United Kindo oc. 0. oc ccsccsces

land, and a d-crease of 2,031,683! in the circulation of the United Kingdom. The average stock of bullion held by the Bank ot Eng-

| land in doth departments during the month ending the 12:h of May, was 15,454,832/, being an increase cf 497,671! as compared with the | previous month, and an increase of 2,697,966] when compared with | the same period last year. The stock of specie held by the Scotch and Jrish banks during the month ending the 12th of May was | 5,984,745/, being a decrease of 23,1897 as compared with the previous

| return, and an increase of 93,023! when compared with the correspond. | | ing period Jast year. |

There are 53 vessels preparing to leave Gravesend this || | month {for Australia. We give the particulars:—For Victoria, | 14.053 tonnage; New South Wales, 13,0835 tonnage ; Hobart Town, 172% tonnage; Launceston, 561 tonnage; Adelaide, 5,385 tonnage; | New Zealand, 3,133 tonnage; total, 37,911 tonnage. Tacse fizures |

| show an increase over those for previous periods, The corresponding | statement for the previous month (May) included 45 ves;ls, repre- | senting 29,908 tons; for April, 41 vessels, or 22,308 tons : tor March,

44 vessels, or 28 453 tons; for February, 49 vessels, or 30,145 tons;

|} and for January, 56 vessels, or $3,708 tons. | | | dLusports of palm oil into Liverpool trom Africa for 1855:— 1 | ' Db a | iT- it

ful rive Arrived | | | dates of upto upto | |

| June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. arivi.Dee3!, Mays. | tous tons tons tons tongs ters tons tons tons tons |

| Stuart and Douglas... ... ... 2270...1300.00 370.00 «0 cool D20 eee one «nf 00... 6840... 2080 | | 1 C. Heorafall B Seae ... BOOics TWcce cco coc 350.00 cc: cco wo cw 9 3000... 2720 |

Harrison and Co... 260...173)... «. « sins aii, OE 3810... 1200 | | go ee ee eee ae ee 1200... « On 2480... 330 |

; Hlatton and Cookson... 200...1280... ... oe one «ce 400 ce SB0cce BOD... vee ose TON. 400 [I | J. John and Son ...... HOO .c- one cen FODicc GOBsce cee cee sce ce Wiere eve vce 1050... 1235

| B. G. Dents. cana coe SSCrce 750... cco one e800 soe ate tte ia, BR ] A. Athinall.coce ie aniedt ded ode itty don ae Mller ai nc ee S.ucas, Dros., & ahs scat iniea ciple tell cde dda ain ied J. Wood and COic..cccoe ose oe ahaa ° ee me mente ow ea

BA GHW conmneodinncses Gee. as ace eee - . * ° } Wilson and Daws0n...1250... 650.0... cee ee coe BS cee LUOsce coe coe ove cee SEIe00 555 | | hd ag hte me et ORE een ee ne ee ee

Bee DiSTOE GOPREIEEcs BOB ssa ees csc cow can cee 000 000 000 656 B00 ees ccc ens

3900...7640,..2730...1320...2430...5700...2370...80 ...25590...10015

Stock, 31st May, 3,000 tons; priee 39/. Arrived Ist January to Slst | May, 10,018 tons; to arrive Ist Jane ty 31st December, 25,090 tons; | trom Lristo!, 1,090 tons; doubtful dates, B00 tons—tota!, 37,500 tons. |

—Forwarded by Mr John Clare, Jun, African Produce Broker, | Liverpool.

The fullowing statement gives the total export of porter from Dublin for twelve mouths, trom May 6th, 1854, to May 4th, 1855: | —Arthur Guinness, Sons, and Co., 42.366 bhis; Robert Manders and Co., 19,058; Joseph Watkins and Co., 6,658; John D’Arcy and | Son, 5,018; P. and J. Sweetman, 4,919; trenan, Price, and Co. |

|

|

1,418; Findlater and Co., 2,808; N. Caffrey and Sons, 839; Edward Smithwick, 800; Jam: sou, Pim, and Co., 667; Lynch and Co, 169 ; W. Cairns, 121; Woolsey and Co., 63; tova!, 87,905 uhds. Some inaccuracies having crept into the returns recently published

of the quauuties of English grain disposed of in our various markets from the Ist October to April 30, 1854.5, compared with the imports

| of foreign wheat and flour, we herewith insert the fuliowing cor- rected statement :—

Engiish wheat so d, Oct. 1 Imr to Apnl 30.

orta of foreign wheat and flour, Oct. i to April 40.

qrs qrs eccoe 2,062,776 S35 s

evseseseeseme oy 204,619

INCrease ...0v ceesce 1,141,843

Accounts from queescencecsccecessscese §=DOCI a ees) ee

| ‘ | Memel state that the cattle disease in Russia had spread to such an extent that a Royal Prussian order had been issued,

| restraining the introduction of oxeu across the frontier, as well as of new hides, horns, &c,

| diterature, | Lire with THE Zutus or Natat. By G. If. Ma

No. LXXAXIV. of Travelier’s Library. | Mr Mason should have confined his book to his tit! Landed at | svatal, aud engayed looking after his lot of land that he had bought | at home, and received for his money a fictitious order stamped with | the Queen’s arms; travelling fearlessly about the country la pursuit |

| of it; zealously exerting himself with his brother—when he found | | himself taken in, and had to boot lost the bulk of his property by |

shi, wreck—in making bricks, building h fother labour, in '

}

Loper 490 6b

uses, aD

order to save himself from de stitution aud dcepeadance, in the most

praiseworthy manuer, his writing is extremely interesting. I: d scrides Bvers and their hospitable families, Zulus and their faithful |

services, Fingocs and their endeavours to get all pay and no work,

aid his owa personal adventure, very pleasantly. This part of the | }

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THE ECONOMIST.

—

[June 9, 626 eS

sanction, and had cance!led: the consequence of which was, that the expatriate is picturesque. But we have seldom read a voyage lees interest-

= on the a part. Even the shipwreck cf a consort at the ead,

though the passengers were left to take care of themselves, neither

alarms us for them, uor interests us in their fate, Atthe same time the

minor details betray as great a want of nautical knowledge as could

well be expected in a Cambridge educated man. Were the first third

of the book suppressed, including the meagre and insufficient account

of the Boers, and it were confised to describing the adventures of

the struggling emigrant «f er landing, the prey of a sharper at home

and of storms there, wholly uoprepared eitber by education or know-

ledge for his position, together with the cheerful confidence by which

he succeeded in attaching natives to his service and winning the friendship of previous settlere,—were this only described for the en-

couragement and instruction of other emigrants, Mr Mason's pro-

duction would have been unexceptionable. As it is, we welcome the

second part as 4 most agreeable addition to our knowledge of the

hardships and success of an emigrant’s first streggles uuder great

disadvantages, and of the characteristics of the natives of South

Africa. The one or two extracts which follow will recommend Mr

Mason to the public as a courageous man and his book to its pa- tronaze :—

A £ULU SERVANT.

Having made up our packet of letters, I showed it to our sable friend, telling him, in broken Caffre, that our father aud mother lived far away, and that an Englishman would carry the letter over the water to them if we gave him a thilliog for his trouble. This etruck the Cuaffre as very good; but, on our showing him the empty purse, he saw at once that we had no shilling for its carriage, and manifested considerable concern. Taking the letter, he examined it closely, then weighed it in hie hand, repeated (as he thouzht) the direction— having heard us read it—replaced it on the table, and with a wisifal look said, “ Upi-marley ?” (Where is the money ?) a question we were unable to anuewer.

Having succeeded in awakening his sympathy, we told him to take a eickle— “neni longa pumeie” (wheo the sun rose)—and go out into the couutry until he found a bed of ** Cuaua” (thatch grase); whereupou be must cut a sliilling’s worth, aud try to sell it in the town, eo that we might be able to post the letter before nightfa!]. Accordingly, risiuog at daybreak, we made a hasty breakfast, despatched the Caffre to the hille, attired ourselves in working men’s costume, ehou'dered a spade each, and started in quest of a job of digging, in order to esrn a ehilling or two wherewith to buy another meal.

Very little success attended our sea:ch till late in the day, when a merchant gave me temporary employment—collecting his Curistmas deotse—at five shil- lingsa day and my board. My brother, too, met with a job—of potatoe hocing —at the same rate; and, on my return to the cottage, was cooking some pro- visions that he had bouzht on credit. Scarcely had we related our individual good fortune before the faithful Caffre came trotting home, dripping with per- spiration, and, triumphantly placing a shilling on the tale with a wild laugh, threw himeelf along the ground, aud panted for want of breath.

Leaving my brother to ficish the cookery, I took the shilling and immedi- ately posted the letter fur the Eoglich mail; after which, returning to our house, I gave the Caffre a good dimuer (or rather, supper), aud joined my bro ther in demoli-hing a well-cooked steak, fried with shalote and ieeks, in Dutch fashion, with hot new potatoes in abundance, finishing ci with the remnants of the cold plum pudding of the previous day.

As a contrast, we would quote thetreatment he received from some of the “land sharks,” against whom he waras the emigrant, and tells him never to part with his cash nor build his house till he knows who is the real owner of the property he may propuse to buy, but i: is long, and we refer the emigrant for this useful instruction and warning to the book. As more within our limits, we quote the more plvasing pic- ture of

A BOER'S FAMILY—COLONIAL RULE,

I and my brother slept so sound!y, that two horeemen came upon us unob- served, nntil they rou-ed us by shouting, ‘* Holloa, there!” These two were father and +ou, Boers, the proprictors of a six thousand-acre fa'm in the neigh- bourhood, and ‘ had come to call on us because we had failed to go and dine with them.” However, on giving our aseurance to the hospitable Dutchmen that we were unconscious of there being a European dwelling within a dozen miles, they became saticfied ; told us theirs was only five moles distant, and, bidding us come and see them in future on a Sunday, rode off.

Accordingly, when the next Sunday came rouod, we took a stroll over the hills ia the direction indicated by the Boer, and after a pleasant walk arrived at his homestead, consisting of a row of detached cottage, each containing two rooms, all of them thatched, aud surrounded by neat verandas; cluse by was a cattle craal, capable of coutaining several hundred cattle ; and in a valley before the hou-e, lay a well-oultivated garden of ten acres, enclosed by a thrifty pomegranate fence in full bloom, bea:ing a deep red crimson fiower, the size apd shape «f an egg cup.

Under the veranda of the largest cottage sat the venerable Dutchman, with his wife, a grown-up son, two young nephews, an old man-servant, and a large family of little children, all conver-ing together in the greatest of bar- mopy. Having been introduced, successively, to the whole of the grown up portion of the family, we were seated on chuirs covered with deer ekin, and served with a glass of milk, while the boer inquired about the latest Englieh news— the effects of the Corn Law repeal—the result of the Cuartist agitation, and eundry other topice, until noon; when a eavoury smell f.om the oats together with the clatter of plates and dishes, warned us to take our eave. This the kind host and his good vrow (wif.) would not hear of, but, leading

the way to the dining compartinent, invited us io follow them, where we found & table laid out with a Gue linen cloth, a handsome dinner service, rich cut glasr, and massive silver plate; while the viands consisted of venison, eucking pix, and 1oaet beef, together wiih several sorta of vegetables, aud a delicious sweet pudding, studded thick with almonds and candiedlemon. The whole family were treated at the same table, the lady taking the head, and the white farm- lJabourere the lower end, while a couple of skinny Bushmen—litile feilows ecarcely higher than a chair-back—waited at table.

Unfortunately, neither of us could epeak a word of Datch, nor the lady a word of English, 80 that the conversation was caried on entirey by the two elder gentiemen, both of whom epoke Eogli-h fluently, besides being good gence = scholars in Lativ, Greek, French, und Elementary Mathemutice, sud Moderu

ietory.

Daring the visit, it turned out that our hospitable friend had taken + promi- Heot part in one or two of the battles that had been fought between the Durch farmers aud the royal troops a few yeurs previou-ly ; for which he had been outlawed, and a reward of ope thousand pounds offered for his head, dead or alive—a piece of barbarity that a more enlightened colonial policy refused to

SL —- ee _anneeene eae eee Oe

Boer returned to the British colony with several hundred cattle, and reoccup ied his deserted homestead—which, by the bye, had been confiscated, und gianteg to some favourite. Aud here let me observe that these unfortunate Boers are, for the most part

men of considerable education and property, many of them having heen reared ia the rich districte of the Cape colony ; and, so far from being “ the Bavage barbarians” that the scandalous official despatches of the colonial governors have always represented them to be, they are simply, rough, straightforward country gentlemen, differing but little from ourselves in religion, by no means disloyal, and very much attached to English laws and usages; but detesting— as every true Englishman, whether in England or Africa, must detest—g form of colonial government, which enables one man—generally some imperious military commander—to make appoiatmenta only to fill them with worthless profiigates, or confiscate property to enrich poor relatives; and then send g voluminous document to the Home Government, puttiog down as “ arch rebels” al! who venture to raixe a voice against euch gross injustice, and demanding British troops and British treasure to support them in their iron rule—a rule more despotic than even that of the Czar himself.

Corsica, tn 1Ts Picruresque, Soctat, anp Hisroricat Aspscrs, By FerDInanD GReGOROVIUs. Translated from the German by Russert Martineau, M.A. Longmans, Paternoster row.

THERE are two islands in the Mediterranean about as close to each other asthe Isle of Wight is to Hampshire. Both are mountainous and rugged, but both have large fertile tracts, fine valleys, a tempe- rate climate, and abound in minerals. One is nearly half as large ag the other, but in the larger the land is divided into large estates, the bulk of the farmers are metayers and serfs; in the smaller the land is much subdivided, and is ulmost all eccupied by its owners. The large island has always been subjected to some contivental Power, and though devastated continually by wars between the claimants to possess it, and by servile and sanguinary feuds, the bulk of its people seem never to have struck a blow for their own treedom, thought of making an alliance with their neighbour for common protection, or even cared for independence, It is scarcely known to the rest of Europe, and its people have in no respect gained for themselves, though their island is put down in books of geography as a noted part of the world, a name | in history. ‘The smailer island has, too, been continually possessed by | some continental Power, but its people have been contioually struggling | for freedom, and have individually obtained much distinction in the | annals of Europe. Corsica is the smaller island, Sardinia the larger. ‘Though contig uous, the two have never been politically united, or even | had much communication with each other. The inhabitants of the | one know nothing of the inhabitants of the other. They seem to have | had far less intercourse through many centuries than the inhabitants | of the scattered islands of the Pacific. ‘Though surrounded by States which have made great use ofthe sea, and though continually exposed | to invasion by enemies at every period of their existence, they have | never been mariners, ‘‘ The fisheries of Corsica are wholly abandoned | to the Genoese and Neapolitans.” ‘ The fish on the coasts and | harbours of Sardinia are mostly caught by foreigners—Sicilians, { Neapolitans, ‘Tuscans, Genoese, ke.” ‘Lhe commerce of both are small | and stationary. No voyager in the Mediterranean ever sees or hears | of a Corsican sailor, and rarely of a Sardinian vessel, except as she belongs to the continental dominions of the King. The almost sta- | tionary condition of the people of both islands for many ages, making |} no adequate use of either sea or land, always fighting at home, and not even communicating with each other, constitute an extraordinary ex- | ception to the general course of social phenomena. Of Corsica, Mr || Gregorovius teils us—but nothing like it can be told of Sardivia— — ||

CORSICAN FREEDOM AND HEROES. i!

This point is established beyond doubt, that the Corsicans at eo early a || period were able to create by their own unaided power a democratic vvm- || munity. ‘These germs having beet once plauted, were never atifled again, but iI continued to grow through ali storms and convulsions ; they ennobled the raw I force of a nation by nature passionate, maintained in it through all ages an |} unexampled love of couutry and a hervic love of freedom, and rendered Cor- sica—at a time when the great civilised natious of the continent lay enchained in the state-formu's of depotism—capable of giving birth to the democratic cor stitution of Pasyuale Paoli, which arose befure North America liberated | hereelf, or Frauce began her revolution. Corsica had, no slaves por serfs ; every Corsican was free, and concerned in the Jife of the nation, through the self-government of his parish and the national assembly; and this, taken io connection with the sense of law and the love of country, is the basis of all political freedom.

The place of Arrigo della Rocca now began to be fillcd by a. man of similar character. Furmed by ana ogous circumstances of their country, the characters ofthese bold men have an astonishing family likeneas; they form, down to Pasquale Paoli and Napoleon, a continuous series of valiant, indefatigable, tragic heroer, whose history, with a single exception, is as identical in kind, means, and fate, as the island’s contest of centuries against the rule of the

Genoese is one and the game. ‘I'he beginning of the career of these mev, who all come forth from exile, bears every time a romantic character.

Paoli and Napoleon are not the only great men Corsica bas produced in modern times. Capo D’Istria and Pozzo de Borgo have both been celebrated in European diplomacy. The Corsicans have always beea men of untamed passions and a strong will, deep shade and brilliant lustre, dark horrible deeds and heroic virtues—natural men, not shams, not conventialities, not mere big wigs and trunk hose, but vigorous and rude meu. Mr Gregorovius paidt visit to Corsica 10 1852, and wandered over the greater part ot the island. Besides & sketch of its history, his book contains an account of bis wanderings, and they constitute in bulk the principal portion. They are not ordis nary wanderings—every piace supplies historical anecdotes, and occa: sions to describe tae manuers and life of the people. Specimens are given, toc, of their scags—rugged and strong like their lives. Some additivnat information is gathe:ed and given of the early lite of Bona-

parte and ot his tamily, us what buvk on Corsica now cau fail te bomage to the greatest of all her suns ? Corsica, however, has pro- duced purer patriots, if never agreater man. ‘Ihe book, which isenter-

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| in the field!

| John Moore would have been a leading man,

| fore, be overlouked.

1*55.] THE ECONOMIST. 627

taining, forms a volume in three parts of that amusing and instructive miscellany, “‘ The Traveller's Library.”

Enciiso BattLes AND SiEGES IN THE PENINSULA. his “ Peninsula War.” Wy Lieut.-General Sir Wittiam Napier, K.C.B. John Murray, Albemarle street.

Ir is a general maxim, according to General Napier, that “in war error is the rule, not the exception,” and every page of his book con- firms the saying. It is a history of errors committed by commanders, by subalterns, by officers of every rank who received and gave orders. The number of errors and of failures and disobediences is immense. The most successful general is the one who commits the fewest errors. A cool, self-possessed, indomitable, unimpassioned man—a man un- gifted by imagination, little under the influence of impulse, watchfu}, wakefu', using his senses with Indian acuteness—is the raw material of a great so'dier. For this well-timed extract from his larger and elo- quent work, the battles of Rorica, Vimiero, and Corunna having been entirely rewritten, the public will thankful to General Napier. At the close of the battle of Corunna he thus describes

MOORE’S DEATH AND CHARACTER, Everywhere the signs of coming victory were bright, when the gallant man,

the coneumate commander, who had brought the battle to this crieie, was dashed from his horse to the earth. A cannon shot from the rock battery had torn away all the flesh from his left breast and shoulder, and brokgm the ribs over a heart undaunted even by this terrible, this ghastly mortal burt; for with iucre- dible energy he rose to a sitting posture, and with fixed look and uuclianged countenance continued to regard the fight at Eivina until the Frenchmen’s backward steps assured lim the British were victorious: then sinking down he accepted succour.

Being placed in a blanket fur removal, an entanglement of his belts caused the hilt to enter the wound, and Captain Hardinge (the present Lord Har- dinge) attempted to take away the weapon altogether; but with martial pride the etricken man forbade the alleviation—e would not part with his sword

Epaminondar, morrally wounded at Martinea, was anxious for the recovery of his shield. Moore, mortally wounded at Corunna, sustained additional torture rather than part with his sword !

The Theban hero’s fall dismayed and paralysed his victorious troops. It was not so with the British at Coruune, They saw Baird, second in commard, car- ried from the field as the General-in-Chief had been, and they would have seen all their generals fall one after another without abating their battle; hence it was not long before the French were entirely dciven from Elvina, while on the left, they were not only repulssd from the ridge, but pursued aud assailed in their own villages; that of Palavia, defended by the since celeb:ated General Foy, was taken. Genera! Hope, on whom the command had devolved, judging a night action, for it was then dark, too hazardou», profited from the confusion of the French to embark the army without loss and seiled for England. The heroic spirit of Moore went with the troop, his body reet.d with the enemy.

For some bours after receiving his hurt that great man had lived painfully, but with acalm fortitude that excited the admiration of those about him. S_- veral times he expressed his satirfaction at having won the battle, and |iia last words were to express a ho, e * that his country would do him justice \""

Full jastice has not been done, tecause malignant faction has strived hard to sully his reputation as a general—but thus he died, and the recorf of his worth will be as a beacon to posterity so long as heroic virtue combined with great capacity is reverenced, for in any age, any nation, any conjuncture, Sir

Tali he was and vigorous of pei- son, and of a very comely noble a-pect, indicating penetration which no subtlety could deceive, valour which no danger could appal, and withal a dignity o mind which awed while it attracted admiration and confidence. With him indeed, all commanding qualities seem to be united to and inseparable from, estimable sentiments, Lutegrity, houour, gene:osity, patriotism, adorned the whole course of his exis'ence, aud his death furnished an irrefragable test of the sincerity of his life: for both he may claim a place with the yreatest men

Extracted from

aeeeee

| of antiquity. We need add nothing in commendation of the classical “ History of

the Peninsula War,” ot which the present book is a portion.

WorksHor Mustnos, Poetry or a Dar. Both by A. Maups.ar. T. Waterfield, Barnsley. London: G. Vickers und W. Kent.

THERE is a great abundance of poetical genius in the world. Nature is fullot melody ; there is music in the rustiing of leaves and rush- ing of streams—dull, dead, derided matter—as well as in the chirping

| and humming of insects, the singing of birds. Man is impressionable, | and man—the head, the heart, and tongue of all—is musical like nature, His passion exhales in poetry ; his speech is melodious; and ‘all men,”as the author writes, * are by nature poets.” For any one to command much attention by the exhibition of a talent common to al), he must possess it in some very peculiar form or in an eminent degree. A man to be noticed for his walk must be either extremely ungainly, or extremely fleet, light, and graceful. ‘Ihe homage accorded to

| great excellence in a common attribute, often excites a desire for itin those who, from various circumstances, cannot reach great excellence. When the diffusion of education made manifest the almost uuiversal diffusion of the poctic element, and when an imported theory made the patronage ot iterature fashionable, every mao in a humble sphere who could write in verse was regarded us a prodigy, and re- ceived for a short space the homage that cou'd only in the end be accorded to rare excellence, ‘That time is past, und the great multitude of poets who have since appeared, while it has convinced the public of the generality of the poetic talent, has made it shy of encouraging exuberauce, Merit may now, there-

Had Mr Maudslay—a journeyman shoemaker, we are informed, of mature age—lived haifacentury earlier, he would pro- bably have enjoyed much patronage, and been tempted from useful

| and honourable industry to swell the crowd ot discontented strugglers for tume. He has done more wisely in coatinuing to look to ordiuary labour for his means of Jife and happiness. His poetry, though sweer, me odious, full of the ca'm pleasurabie feclings which nature excites in all observant minds, is not of that suriking o¢ superior char.cter

Which can now, when competition tur poetic rewarus is excessive command for him a high place. As a specimen of bis poetry taken at

—

LT o

random, not because it is the most favourable we could find, but be- cause its length suits our purpose, we quote this expression of a very common thought:—

MISFORTUNE. As storm-cloud, witn their veliowing terrors fraught, Obscure the brightness of the sun, and cast A gloom upon the earth; yet with their rains Give life and freshness to the meadow flowers: So does misfortune, (hiding for a time Tae éun of our proxperity and joy,) Water the hidden flow’rets of the heart With softening dews, and quicken all mankind To feel and value with a nicer sense The tender cares and offices of love.

The poet displays an intimate acquaintance with the works of nature and a considerable knowledge of his art. His little books wi!l be read by kindred spirits, but they contain no evidence that he is destined to reach @ great reputation.

Farry Tates. PLANCHE. and Co.

Mapame D'Avtnoy was one of the celebrated women who made the light literature of France popular throughout Europe towards the close of the 17th century. None of their productions were at once more graceful, more charming, and more edifying than her “ Fairy Tales.” This description of literature, though occasionally derided or condemned, has ex«rcised a beneficial influence universally, so that it has now obiained the approbation of the aged and reflecting, as it is the delight of the young and the imaginative. Mr Planché has done youthful readers a good service by translating and pubtishiag for the first time amongst us a complete version of Madame D’Aulnoy’s tales. All that is necessary to be koown concerning her and her works, Mr Planché has supplied in his preface, and the book is valua- ble to the bibliographist as wellas the child. Perhaps the philoso- pher may reflect that it can be only through the fancy or the imagina- tion that notions different from and better than the present realities can be obtained, and will welcome tales that represent li'e superior to our own, aud help to guide the young to the improved condition man is always striving to attain. Madame D’Aulacy’s “ Fairy Tales” are some of the best of the charming species.

By the‘Counress D’Autnoy. Translated by J. R. With Illustrations by Joun Grtsert. G. Routledge

BOOKS KECHKIVED. The Endowed Charities; w.th some Suggestivus for furtuer Legislation regarding

them. Lougtaan. Administrative Reform: the Re-organ'sation of the Civil Service.

and Co, A Few Words on Paper, Flax, Hemp, and Plantain Fibre. Bosworth. Netes on Some of the Friacipal Piciures exhibited at the Royal Academy.

Elder, and Co, The Signs of the Times. Partridge and Oakey. The Biographical Magazine. Partridge and Oakey. Evangelical Christendom: its State and Prospects. Partridge and Oakey.

The Bankers’ Gasette. BANK KELURNS AND MONEY MAKKEL.

BANK UF ENGLAND, (From the Gazeite.)

AN AccouNT.pursuanttothe Act7thand sth Vicloria,cap. 32, forth? weekend- on Suturday the 2nd day of June, 1855:—

toovk DEPARTMENT

Smith, Elder,

Smith,

=. L£.

NOtes SHU OF rerersserceceeeeeee. 61,083,175 aiid dicaiiiam 11,615,100 { Other SeCurities.ccces 2 986,400 Goidcoin and bullion . 17,083,275 SUVErDULTOD soe soe nee eee eee

31 083,175 BANKING WDEPARTMENT,

31,083,175

he L. ’ Ite] 2c ree scccescee 14,553,008 | GovernmentSecurities,includ-

taconite 3,112,943 ¢ ing Dead Weight Annuity ... 12,677,816 Pablic Deposits: incia?ingEx- OtNeNrSOCUritied.es ses ses cee see serene ebsouer, Savings Banks,Come NOLEN cccccocccccccccccccseccescesereee 13,542,070 missioners of Natioual Debt, ee evcccocscces 7. 04927 and Dividend Accounts) .... 5,211,148

Other Deposits.cecce-sssscesererece 15,242,.°76 | Seven Dayand othert/ils .. %65,854

27,145,371 37,145,871 M. MARSHALL, Chief Casbier,

THE OLD FORM, é

The above Bank accounts would, if made outin the oid form, present tne following result:—

Dated the 7th June, 1655.

The balance of assets above liabilities being 3,112,9431 as scared in the aoore account under the head Rest.

; FRIDAY NIGHT.

The preceding accounts, compared with those of last week, exhibit—

An increrse of Circulation Of...ccccscecseresesersseeeeeerers 88.415 An increae of Public Deposits Of seccoccecceseseres eosceensesecanees 15,007

An increase of Other Deposits of secceccocsesssssereeecees++ see ncrees 1,380,560 An increase of Securities Of serccccecerccscecercecencrececeneeeses GT0,44T An increase Of Bulli Of crcercccce coece-cevevee ston serene scasscsoeras 724,821

A decrease of Rest of iehadhettiiigcacnancnmecsaiiimns 59,216

dn increase of Reserve Of roses sere. ° coon §6601,431

The present returns show an increase of circulation, 88,4151 ; an increase of public deposits, 15,0071; an <ncrease of private deposits, 1,350,5601; an increase of securities, 670,447/, of which

Pp , 9 ’ ’

957 0951 are public securities, and 103,552/ private securities ; | an increase of bullion, 724,3211; a decrease of rest, 59,214/; and

an increase of reserve, 601,431. ‘The great increase of private

deposits, though not unusual at this period of the quarter, and

42,419 158 |

Liabilities. L Assets. L.

Circulation, inc.Bank post bills 29,726,089 | Secnrities ........... wooccccces 24,543,974 Pablic Deposits........-cccccesees « 45,211,168 | BU ILOD eee coe cee cee covccecesceeces cocces 17,789,102 | Other or private deposits ...... 15,282,876

39,229,133 { 42,333,076

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the great increase of bullion, the total of which is now 17,789,102/,

are the principal features of the account. ; e

The money market continues easy. Bills are discounted at 5

per cent., and 2} is given for money on call. :

The exchanges with Paris and Hamburg, which have been

slowly dec!ining for a few days, were flatter again te-day. The

principal reason for this is probably the comparatively low value

| of money here, which makes individuals lend itor invest it abroad.

It is observed, accordingly, that the remittances are made in small

sums; there are no gigantic operations in progress, and no great

imports of grain or any other commodity coming In greatly in

excess of our exports which must be paid for. Not long ago

moncy came bere for investment—now it is going abroad—there

being, according to the wants of the different people, an inter- change of capital as well of corn.

The arrivals of bullion ia the week have comprised 197,000/

| from York, 9.0001 from the Peninsula, 59,6002 from Australia,

and 510,0001 by the West India packet, amounting in all to

775,600l. The known exports are 463,551l for India and China, and 2,500/ for Alexandria. ; No price is yet fixed for the si'ver now in the market, but at

the present price it cannot be exported to Hamburg without in-

curring a loss of 13 per cent. The funds have been steady to-day, Consols for the

opening, ex dividend, began at 91§ 3, and rose to 91} {. Persons were looking out for news from Sebastopol or other quarters, and, as none came, the funds remained generally steady With asiight improvement. We subjoin our usual list:—

ComsoLs Account

Lowest Highest Exch, Bills. Barnrasy seceee BHUt voce SIUT cocere I1F rove Big ooveee 178 20; pin Monduy — ceoree eoccce «6 i vecce DIE wcocce «8992 = caovee 188 238 pm Tuesday ...-.0.0 =e scose DER amcce DLE covce. 208 238 pm Wednesday .. owe -- Y1E ccccce DLE cece. 208 233 pm Thursday... coccce 9:2 aocce G1E oo Lin 223 pm Pritar..<ccodsm ion YAF cece Yj coooce 18S 223 PM

* 10th July. Clos ne prices

1-t Friday. OMDlUM coccccccoccrcorcccecceseres 47 Spercentcunsvis, accounr $2) 3

money... shut oes cee eee

NOW SPercents cececcssresseee 92 Spercentredaced do. Exchequerbille,........June 7s 203 pm Bank Si0CR..cccccsccccccssccccscee 208 210 East India stock. e 235 233 Spanish 3 percents w...0....0. 3% 4

— 3percentsnew def, I8? 8 Portuguese 4 percents ow... 43 5 Mexican 3S percents seco 22% 3 Dutch 2s percents sccsoorrene 63 §

— SPS CONtS ceccccesscees YS 2

Russian, 4$stock .. ° n9 00 Russian, 5 per cent. ... 93 101 Sardinian stock ....ccccoscscce--e £5} 63 X d Peruvian 6} ..ccccccccceces €8 70 - 3 per cent. 45 50

Venezuela ......ccccers o- 289 Spanish Certif, 3% 48 Turkish Loan ..... Sif 2} French Loan ......-..-

Railway shares are also steady with a tendency upwards. From France all kinds of shares again come better. Rail- ways seem to be making a wonderful improvement in that coun- try. Previously to the establishment of the rails it was very de- ficient in roads, except the one or two great military or postal highways that went. from one end of the country to the other, The vicinal roads were very few and notoriously bad. Canais, too, were very few, and large districts of country remote from the sea were almost unknown. Except Spaiv, perhaps no country in Europe was worse off for the means of trade communication thaa France. She offered accordingly an excellent ficld for railways, and, wherever constructed, they have succeeded admirably. There are districts where a few yeurs years ago clover seeds, sainfoin, and other seeds were worth nothing, and were left to rot, or they fetched only 5s per quarter, and now they are sold on the same spots for 22s and 25s. ‘The establishment of railways in France is the opening up of the country. It is tantamount to the creation of vast additional wealth—to the discovery of a gold miue, and as the railways are thriving, the whole country is thriving. The price of corn is very high in Paris, and corn is brought by rail ali the way from Marseilles at the rate of 53 per quarter. The Parisians, however, are contented ; they are making money, and, though provisions there are now unexampledly dear, there is no discontent. The lucky Emperor is profiting by a great prosperity and great increase cf power which a progress iu the arts has pre- pared for France. Railways will be to her inland provinces what the ocean and canals have been to Britain; they will bring every part of it into close connection with every other. The following is our usual list of th2 prices of the priucipal railway shares last Friday aud this day :—

Money Lowert Highest

Closing prices this day.

ecccsccce 4 9: ola oo ee eee

Ser eeeeee

S aa oo. fa 5 e8e ee om

ees eee ee

eer ere eee

NAILWAYs. Closing prices

; last Friday. Bristoland Exeter.....ccese 88 20 Caiedonians.....ccccooes.

Gig 53 Eastern Counties os... 1z3 12% Bast Laicashire sccoconncsese 75 80 Great Northern «oss. s.cecee 924 930 Great Western o crcecccocass GY 69 Lancashireand Yorkshire... 813 24 London end Blackwall ..... 72 8k Londen, Brighton, & S Coust 101 3

Closing prices this day.

One ree eee

eens. coe

ST Re -_ ———_ — =

THE ECONOMIST.

last tariff), whieh, at the English mint. price ounce for standard void, givea an exchange of 25°17 ;. and the exchange at Paris on London at short being 2515, it followe that go'd is about

[June 9, Closing prices

this day,

cvsesesee LOT¢ 4

Closing prices last Friday.

London & North Western... 103; # London aad South Western we Sif 85}

MICIANAS ccoccscccccvceseeesceceseee T45 55 North (British ...-ccccevse North StalTordsiiirG .ec-cosseves

Oxtord, Worcester, & Wolver, Bouth Easter cesses

¢ \ Sonth Wiales.ce ccoscerceessssevese ee coe ees North Eastern, Berwick Stock North Eastern, York Stock ..

FOREIGN SHARES, Northern of France .. Paris and KR OUCM se. se

Eastern of France csccceee Rouen and Havre... Pntel: Rhentsh ccosc Paris and Lyon soo rcesee East Indian .. Madras .oc.-s sescnccees Paris and Orleans os. Western of France.ecce.

Tndin Peninsular .eeccsece Central Of France oe.cccccce-cvee Grt Western of Canada shares Hamilton and Toronto sheres,

leased by Gt WinotCanada 22 2

The absenge of excitement of every kind was the principal | feature. There was neither political news nor commercial changes | to give an impulse to speculation, and business was equable and steady.

The investigation into the affairs of Messrs Davidson and Gordon was continued yesterday, and again the interest was un- abated. Of the observations of Mr Ballantine, though they |

were characierised by Mr James as a very strong comment, we | take no notice, and there was no additional evidence given except as to the transactions of the bankrupts. Yesterday, however, there was brought up at the Mansion-house the case of Mr | Denny Ashburnham, a clerk in the London and County Bank, charged with stealing a letter, containing notes and dranghts to an amount exceeding 3,000/, and the coincidence suggests a use- ful, though painful, reflection. As the upper classes have become | sober iu comparison to their grandfathers, the virtue of sobriety has generally increased. From the first investigation, then, we are | disposed to iufer that did not certain members of the opulent and upper classes set the example of great laxity with regard to pro- | perty, it would ba much seldomer violated by the classes beneath them. One of the greatest moral plagues we are subject to isthe | crime arising from violation of the right of property, andit is now || essentially necessary for the general weifare that all the upper and || well-to-do classes should be strictly honest in the most enlarged || sense ofthe term in all their Cealings. By their example, they | will do more to make property universally secure than can be accomplished by penal laws.

All our information from the New York money market this || week is, that the stock market has ruled quiet throughout the | week, and the speculative descriptions are generally lower; and i that the Sub-Treasury balance at the close of business on the 19th was 2,250,554 dollars.

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FOREIGN RATES OF EXCHANGE ON LUNDON,

Latest Rate of Excha: ge Date. on Lonéon,

PAris seccccesseee June § f.25 10 i 8 f.24 874 eseece 3 month-'«+te

£.25 15 eeoee 3 Gays’ sight £11 85 to li 873 ween _

li 80 . axe ose month’s date

3 days’ sight

ANtwWerp — cecece AMsteradlD seecee ocr

Hamburg cores

S. Petersburg.. } LisbOD cesecersecee GID tar seosveces

New Vork coco Jamaica coe .cocce

ow mi3 43 Gevese day's aight m13 ij eos 3 Month's Jate 362 a 2

54g crore

a SLIT J ne - w

oscese 5iid ‘ 98% om ems v x

eer eee 109% to 1104 evoeee 60 day's sight oe

e00 se 1} per cent. pm cosese 60 oosvee par evcose 80 cvccse §©9 £0 94 percct. pm — coowwe 90 worece 274d to 275d essen 60

eeecee 28d eseese OF

eer ave 27d to 274d eoseee 60 ereeee 274d 60

mee 4s 93d to 4s 1¢d 6 months’ sight 7 per cent. dis 6 —

2s lydto 2s 1 7-164 2a igd to 2s lad ee cee _—

69 days’ sight » months’ sight

YO days’ sight

RyGnsy suns. Mar 18 .. parto! pm 30 Valparaiso ww. 45 to 453 se 10 —

COMPARATIVE EXCHANGES ; The qvotation of gold at Paris is about at par (according to the \

i '

Havana cseccsces Rio ce Janeviro.. Bahia ... cccccecce Pernambuco oe. Buenos Ayres. Singapore...... COP IOM ... 000 con ens 30 ceseee Bom JAY cee eoeeee

Catcutta ... APril 21 sovese Californi recess _ eseve ** Hong Kong..eese RS mess 4s :0d

Mauritius 29 coccce 1 per cent. pm

= ee et to “pr 6 Se

ng ores & > Fic = “<

6 =

of 84178 lud4d per

0.08 per cent, dearer in Paris than in London. } By advices from Hamburg the price of goldis 4263 per mark, which, ||

arthe English mint price of 37178 104d per ounce for standard gold, gives au exchinge of 13°53 ; and the exchange at Hamburyz oa London at short deing 13°}, it follows that gold is 0°12 per cent. dearer in London thas in H amburg.

The course of exchange at New York on London for bills at 60 days’ sight is 110} per cent., and the par of exchange between Eugland aud America

cent.in favour of England; and, after making aliowavce for charges of trans

port and difference of interest, the present rateleaves a small! profit on the ime portation of poid from the United States.

|

being 109 23-40 per cent., it follows that the exchange is nominaliy 0.67 per |

a

‘

1855. } —— ne

~~ THE BANKERS’PRICE CURRENT.

pee

Bank Stock, div 8 per cent. 209% 84 eee 2°84 2

8 per CentReduced Anns, 3 per CentConsols Anns. o New 8 per Cent Anns.

PRICES OF ENGLISH STOCKS Sat Mon . Tues Wed | Thur

10 209} 10 210 9166 SFG BEG SES OF3 92 nk Le a a 9242 [972 9283 915

ooo =

New 34 per Cent ne ose eco New 25 per Cent ook ° in ve | oe | e789 | ose 5 per Cent oe] eee se eco =| ote one ove Long Anns. Jan, 5, 1860 .) we 3 15-16 33 35 S$} 33 Anns. for30years,Oct.10,1899! .. oe §«=—«: SF & 11-'6 23 33

Ditto Jan. 5, 1860 4} oo «| (tte | ltte A SG OG Ditto Jan. 5, eee a | «8 ons _ “« Ditto Apr. 5, 1885 16 13-16 165 165 16 i 6% Pope

India Stock, 104 per Cent ... 235 6 oo (Ullllwws 356 469856 [lc Do. Bonds, 4 per Cat (10; 203 24s p 218 5s p eee 22s p 258 p 22s p

Ditto under 500/ ... {88 203 p 2is 5s p me 2 ee ae 253 p South Sea Stock, $4 perCent eee oe | ee | wwe fete | wee Bank Stock for acct July 4 ee £m ee one 8 p Cent Cons. for acct. aly india Stock for acct July 10 OMDIUM.,...ceceerereeecee cer sseces Exchey,. Bilis, 0008 oe 25 Gee

Ditto 500) Ditto Snell

091g gxd Og xd 1; ¥ xd 914 “¢ O84 9188 vee eee oo. wee oo see

-4§ip 5p 4j 2p in At én }

.2us D 18s 2339 p233 p | aso 22s p 18s p | eee 1fs 23s p23s p 238 p 228 p oy 17s 20s p 18¢23sp28s p (10s 233 p los 228 p 22s

Ditto BdsScpAl858...S4nc,—... ied} @ (1003 1003 ¢ ist eee Ditto Ditto B 3359...

Amsterdam ov

Ditto ove Rotterda:n ws. Autwerp on Bruesels eco Har ourg on

Paris oo ooo Ditto eve

Marseillee .. Frankfort on tie M Vienna ose Trieste ons Petersburg . Madrid — Cadiz oe ene

Leghora oe Genoa bes

Naples ~ Palermo one Messina aoe Lisbon exe Oporto eee

Rio JancirO se New York ove

earn en ne

44 perCent Kentes, cis March end 22 Sept

8 per Coot Rentes, div. 22)

June’ RankS:

and ’ Exchange ox

Ditto

Austrian Bonds...

Swelish 4 percent . Turkish Scrip, Venezieln, 44 pe

Ditto Veferrec, 141 Dividends on the avi Austr

Litto 4 per cent

Le ——e

i

»9 per cent.lU g

Velwian 24 percent ose

Ditto, 44 per cen

Ditto, 5 per cent Dutch : 5 percei t, E

Ditto4 percent Bonds ww.

on ee alk - 1i0¢% 1604

OURBE OF EXCH! NGE.

Tuesday. Friday.

Time ! Prices negotiatad! Prices negotiated

on ’Change. \ on ’Change.

ad snort i it 1st! 11 17% 11 18 aa 8m re | 11 19] 11 19) 11 194 a = ‘1 Whom) 32 dvd) 1D ts on =~ z5 25 45 | 25 324 25 37% on _- 25 25 45 | 23 32g) 24 37

os - 13 a Mi ws 71 os on short 25 25 15 |} 25 10 25 }! ons 8 ms 25 3 25 35 25 30 25: eee — 25 25 37%: 2d 323 25 3

aa — 1183 118; 118% 11s¢ ah: aa 12 ; 12.36] i: 32 | 12 38 nee oo 12 12 37 12 33 12 40 pm as 25 _ 3 } 35%

- sng 6 (492 4 492 oss —_ 4oz } eee t { oe

ee = 3 3010! 2 30 a ona 25 473) 25 52) 35 25 5 pe _ 53% 44 433 4t oe _ l3ig 1312 {241g ‘+ $31} a al 1314 1314 Big 1314 ies an 52 538 63 534

~ bog 534 60 GREZt eee wee

and Sok | lowe |

‘RENCH FUNDS

>

7 June4 June6 Jure5 June 7 Juneé July §

PF. G. Fr. C. ¥F. C. vy. c. vy. Cc. vy. Co

9410 ‘ali o4 10 eee $9410 v4

ese 70 25 ion 70 20

aie 3070 O a= $0:0 0 one

ove 25 15 — 25 15 ooo ove 24 $2 eco 34 924 on

oF FOREIGN STOCKS,

dat 7 cum cme | aennes | ngmmcee janet mene

one one see toe eee vse eve

Yraztiiun, o per ¢ we 2 Ditto 44 per cent. 1 sine ooo O38 Kd) ... /100E oa ih DittoNew,! and 1889 eee eee ee ove eco ee

Ditto New, | oa : se eee wee ae Buenos Avi ie ons 994 6G $83 60 FO} bug 593 Cain: 6 ocees face” ids eR gas OR aa SB cele sea ae Chilise, 6 per cent on os ove ewe =| 1 see ee 3028

Ditto3 percent eco see ore soe noe eee oe

Danish, 3 per cent, ove ove one ore we SIZ 8 ore Ditto 5 percent Bonds os. one eee ove 1025 oe “*

Dutch 24 percent, Excher 2 cuilders eee see see ee on oe

Equador _ eee ose ore oe (v5 eee * eee Grenada, 1% per Cent * ore . vee Log .* iad ove

Ditto Deferred to oe ° = ‘4 . = ° ee Gre rit Bon is, red ous oan ay ove ee oe ore “ee

Ditto t ue — os _ ove nae see - } aoe a

Mexicen 3 per cen oe aes 22 4 2-6 4 224 8 22 21a 2§ 225 Peraviat 4 per ce aoe eee ose — = ane _— 2

Sitto Seri ons ae ee one . oe eee ore

itty 8 per cen ; : 9 ais ane ee wis Frtupuese, 5 p ed, 1541 oe one ove cco | eee ooo

j i rcent ane ese one eee ewe 40 eee

} i rcen “ a eee 10 § | ee eco | ore oe

Russian, 18?! sterling eco §=(100 am | oo ons Ditto 44 rer - eco coe «IVE | lots . ose a

Sardinian Bond hos oni S5i8xd ave te. 1 73 xd Sijx Spanish per con ‘ oce - [984 a4 $4 ose

Ditto 3 pereant New Deferred se . {ted § 184 ind + eee Ditto Passive comvarted oes oor eee floes oo ose eee ose

Ditto Com. Cert. of Ge t funded . ooo oe ous im ese eve ose os

823 4 Sli g S13 2 82 5 “Sy oes ose ove le eco ose eee

oes ose eco

ore ore oro +e

oe ove ose ove ose eee eee as nge 12 guilders 64 643 eco ©6543 643

tes = woe 93h 9144 .945 944 5) 95 ~ eee ose eee eee oor ove

i ' i

Kentucky 6 per cent... ove Maryland 5 per Cent .- a Massachusetts 5 percent s+ New York 4 per cent Stock

Poris Tondon Paris Londor Perir Londen

vl duce We Li eri

100s 992 1508110) [1003 | wn

orelan COlCIM DarsS( StANGAIG) covcceres res ceeeeeeee ¢ ane Mexican ¢ollars ot coc cocane ces coe

i — OO onus a a - o

THE ECONOMIST. AMERICAN STOCKS,

Redeemable. | ew oe

United States 6 per cent Stock axe eve ooo 1862 - honds — eee ove a

— Stock ee ove ove ooo Bonds ese ooo ooo

— Bonds 5 percent eee Alabama 5 per cent «. oon eee Illinois 6 percent w= on ~ ose eee | 1870

-—

ove ese 1562 ove eee | 1867-8 » ooo eee 1868 §

eee ove | 1862

- Sterling; 1858

18:8 ee «Brerling| 1889 +. Sterling 1868 _ eve } 1859-60

|

eee eee

— 6percent ~ oe eee eee 1860-7 Odio 6 per cent ese ose ee eco 1875 Pennsvirarnta 5 percent Stock «+ -e aes | 1854-70 — 5 percent Bonds oe eos ove eee | 1aa2

South Carolina 5 per cent o o- one 1866 Tennessee 6 per cent. Bonds ove ose ove 1890 Virgima 6 per cent Bonds... see oe 1S86 — & percent on eee Ster! ling i588

Pennsylvanian 6 pret Ra! lway Bonds, lst mortgage om — 6 per cent, sterling, 2nd mortgage so eee

INSURA NCE ( COMPANIES.

! Dividend | Names. Shares.

L. 31108 Albion ~ i ~ 50n 7114864 &bs| Alliance British and Foreign 100 6ipe&bs' Do. Marine - on 10¢ Ibs & bs [Atlas oo oe oo o- 50

sipeent (Argus Life ... - one 100 721i0spe BritishCommercial one 50 7410spe Church of Englaud.ec ve 59 5ipe City of London ooo - 50 . pe &bs Clerical, Medical,& General Lif 100

County vee o- us 100 ' Crown eee oo we 60

E gle one vee eee 66

ast r cent Equity and Law ~_ -_ luo

Sip cent English and Scottish Law Life 59 ,651 208 European Life ~ one 40

tl p cent , ly Endowment -~ 1e0 oi p cent eco ore oe 5

l5ipeent ~ ae o Btk, Sipeent Gr urdi an eee we os 1co

12épt& bs [mperial F re _ eee 5

i268 imiperiai Lit @ oo one 100 21/38 & 32 bs Indemnity Marine. os i

2s &2s bs Law Fire — oe ~~ ove 14 1/ 16g & ba Law Life eco tee 100

) 4s Legal and General L Life ove 50 17s 6a London oes ~ eco 245

Ss peh Marine ose eee 10e 414i pcent Medical, Invalid, & General Lif £9 Sipe & bs Minerva ase ee eee 20 52 p cent Mouatch eco oe eee 5 ‘p c&2¢bs Nation al Loan Fund an 30

eco National Provincial Life .. 5 64! peent New Equitable eee - 10

ip cent Palladium Lite oe ove 50

52 p cent Pelican eco eee eve eco

ol p cent Pheenixz eco occ ooo ove

Sip cent (Professional Life ... ove 64 1458 & bos Provident Lite ooo oes 101 7s Rock Life . on oe ° fipe toyal Exchange se. on Stk, 6a) Sun Fire ooo oe owe ons ié 14s Do. Life ws oe eee oe t/ pe United Kingdom ose ons 26 St pe & bs' Universal Lite exe on los

5lpe&bs | Victoria Life eco eee ose

JOINT STOCK BANKS

iva

per 2nnum

—— ee ee,

Names.

ee

| 20/ pe Australasia oe one woe 4

6é perct British North American ove 50 ove Chartered Bank of Asia... eos 25 eco Chridbnk,lodiaAustral., &Chinz “0

fiperct Colonial one ~ Lit 6ipe & bs Commercial of Li eee an l

4l pe I Austral Chrtd. ... 29

6/pe . Bank of Austra 2) laépe yanty eso ove 50

“oe ‘ oe eee eee ~

20k!’ pe 4 Joint Stock eco sce 59 l6ipe minster ° 100 sine \ nal Provinciai of England 190

8/ per et Ditto New eee ove </ 6/ peret National of lreland oe ove 5

pe New South Wales... ore ees -

iGé pe Oriental Bank ¢ poration ove -

sé pe & bs Provincialoilreiand oe eee 1

Bi per ¢ Ditto New we ove i 64 perct Tonian ove eco - eve 2

ie RoyalAustral.Bk&Goldlina.Com. 5 144 pe SOUTH AUBUTALLY ose oes - 25 J0/ perct Union of Australia oss - 295

60! per ct Ditto Ditto _ - ee (Ol ne&bs Unien of London

DOCKS.

7 _ Names, per znoum —" ee eee named

L.

4p Cont Commerciai - , oe «= EK is 5 pcent Kastand West India = os eo, DUE

5S pcent London ess _ eee ~~ » cent St I “ia eee eo

Spe t ay oe ore :

ner t oria “

PRICES OF EULLION.

LV@r 10 DUB (STANUBIC ,cenececenseroseesees

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630

Che Commerctal Crimes. InLanp Boox Post —On and after the 11th inst., the regulations of

the inland book post will be as follows,—viz., fora packet not exceeding 4 oz., 1d; exceeding 4 oz., and not exceeding 8 0z., 2d; exceeding 8 02., | and not exceeding 16 oz , 4d; exc. 1 Jb and not exceeding 14 1b, 6d; and soon, 2d being charged for every additional half pound or any less weight. | The postage must be prepaid in full by means of postage stamps affixed | outside the packet or its cover. Every packet must be sent either with- | out a cover, or in a cover open at the ends or sides. If the postage paid on the packet amount to as much as 4d, it may contain any number of |

| | /

separate books or other publications, prints, or maps, and any quantity of paper, parchment, or vellum (to the exclusion, however, of letters

whether sealed or open); and the books or other publications, prints, | maps, &c., may be either printed, written, or plain, or any mixture of | the three. Further, all legitimate binding, mounting, or covering of a book, publication, &c., or of a portion thereof, will be allowed, whether such binding, &c., be loose or attached, as also rollers in the case of prints or maps, markers (whether of paper or otherwise) in the case of | books, and, in short, whatever is necessary for the safe transmission of literary or artistic matter, or usually appertains thereto. But, if the | postage paid be less than 44, the packet must consist exclusively of | printed matter, without restriction, however, either as to the number of | publications or | unbound.

separate sheets, or as to whether they are bound or

FOREIGN MAILS.

Mails | When Destinations. despatched from :

London. expected, que a a ee

SOUTHAMPTOVY STATION.

| Lisbon, Spain, and Gibraltar......000++++00++

(8y day mail). (7th, i7th, and 27th of ) oe

1 every mouth - June 15

Gibraltar, Malta, Egypt, Ceylon, and India)4th & 20th of every month June 20

| Penang, Singapore, and China................. 4th of evory month July 4

British Coloniesin the West Indies (ex-) \ cept Honduras), foreign Colonies, &e., | in the West Indies (except Havana), | 2nd and Iva of every ) ya.

) California, Venezuela, N. Granada, f moth Chiliand Peru, Grey Town (StJuan de PITA ne cncensnensccossenesesncece-nmescese }

Mexico and Havana ....ccccccsesererssseseveesss. 20 Of every mouth Only July 1

Honduras and Bahamas sees. 17th Of every month June 16 ee ee

Lisbon, Madeira, Brazil, B. Ayres, and) Pabiciand [ales .00.01..0000+000000. +50 eee serene

9:h of every month Jure 16

PLYMOUTH STATION,

Madeira, Teneriffe, and West Co BESIOR ccvces sec ccrsce cere: ote eee

ast of § Evening of the 2374 of yy...

soveernne dQ every Month j July 6

LIVERPOOL STATION. sos : ‘: . Evening of every alternate

British North America and Unite ten { | Lvening of every 4 ’ “ 2 mas United States ( Foday upt:l turiber notice ) June 20

5 IIIS. cxvesccnsnienabanicoveeainnsusciecnvntiennscs MOF GUSTY ORD June 24

MEDITERRANEAN, Foypr, Inpia, aND CHtNna.—The next mails for Gibraltar, Malta Egypt, India. Chins, &e., viz Southsm ton, will be despatched on the morning of the, 20ch inst.—The next mails for the Mediterranean, Egypt, India, China, &c., via Mar- seilles, will be despatched on the morni: g of the H1th ins’,

Mavetnra, Brazit, BuENos Ayres, &c.—The Avon, for the mails of the mon rg of the 9th inst.

Mails Arrived, LATEST DATES,

On June 2, Unitrp States, per steamer Asia, via Liverpool—New York, May 22 Baston, 23; Halitax, 24. ,

On June 3, Unirep Srates, per steamer Hermann, via Southampton—New York, May 9.

On Jane 3, Brazizs, per Genevieve, riz Liverpool — April 28. On Jane 4, AusTRALIA, per Lod a Quezon, via Liverpooi—Melhourne, March 1%, On June 7, Paciric, per steamer Tyne, cia Southamp:on—Vera Cruz, May 7+: Tam-

pico, 5; Havana, 13: Greviown, 5 3 Certhigena, il 3 Chapres, 9; Jam rica, 12; Demerara, 10; Trinidad, 12; Darbadoes, 1%; Grenaca 12; St Thomay’s, 2

WEHEEKLY CUOKXN KH LUK ND. Mramthe Gazette af last nian,

Warne, Bateey Rye. ata. Beans, ! e2?,

B18 0000000 Qrs 108,925 14,928 11,598 609 4,580 = 39 ~

es a a a s 4 e 4 s a Sa Weekly average June °.. 77 7 33 2 28 2! 44 7) 4 4 42 3

a May G.co 76 19 sz ai 28 1] 44 5 45 2 40 3

- — 1%.) 7 1 32 5 97 9! 44 3) 44 5B gn @ ~ — 12...) 73 4 210 WIL! 409) 43 2 69 9 - — 5. 69 5 3i 3 26 0 33 0 41 7 28 7 _ April ‘8... 68 4 31 6 25 9 40101 41 6 “9 2

BSizwoeks’averace...w0-. 73 7 22 2 27 1 42:1) 43 8 40 €

Same time lastyear q......... 799 2) 37 1 29 4 52 3 48 5 45 7 Debt 8PBsccce corns ene con secsecees ove 1 0 pre i) io io —

anais La ii tow mere An account of the to’al quantities of «ach kd of corn, distinguishing foreign and colonial, imported isto the principal ports of Great Britain, viz. :—London, Livere pool, Hull, Newcastie, Bristol, Gloucester, Plymouth, Leith, Glasgow, Dundee aud Perin,

’

| In the mack endine May 20. I855

Whea: Barley Beans @PAn Bae - and and Oatsand Rye and Peasand & bean. COrM and wheate

aheat barley- Gatmsal ryemea! peameal meal Indian- buckwh flour mes! meal meal

Dai = ieee =

| are qrs are rs qrs ts 8 P Foreign...’ 93,573 | 10,339 24,463 = 2458 4,460 5410 os Voloniale 116 | 1/009 i om 3 oe ag: Cou ese eames saseanantlasinnanmontoiiaeaatet igiareris onsen _Total ..' 93,689 | 11,339 | 34.163 _ °,461 14.4°0 5.419 28

Imporis 0. week saoibiteetiaelacebliiiaicelteaiaiahiaieadtalaal 161,352 qre. ao

———

THE ECONOMIST.

| Seville, and 1 from Salonica. | Fatsa, 2 from Genoa, 3 from Marseilles, 2 from Casa Bianca, 2 from | Saffi, and 1 from Alexandria.

i c *

—— CC Or

: ee

COMMERCIAL EPITOME. FRIDAY EVENING.

The fine weather of the last few days, combined with the arrivals from abroad of 19,080 qrs of wheat, 4,090 qrs of barley, 19,960 qrs of oats, and 8,300 sacks and 150 bbls of flour, together with advices from France that the genial weather there has checked the upward movement in the price of grain, made the markets of Mark lane dull to-day, There was no disposition to force sales of wheat, holders considering the prospects favourable to them, but sales could not be effected without sub. mitting to a reduction of Is per quarter. Barley was unaltered in the week. Oats were dull, the recent rains and sunshine having revived the hopes of a large grass crop. As the stocks of wheat are unusually low, ex. ||

| ceptin the farmer’s hands, and as consumption is everywhere very great, the weather is now looked to with more than usual interest. A compara-

tively early and a fine harvest, or a backward and a scanty harvest, will make a great difference in the fate of Europe.

The arrivals off the coast since the 30th ult. have been numerous— 55 vessels, of which there were 20 cargoes of wheat from Alexandria, || 1 from Leghorn, 5 from Lisbon, 2 from St Sebastian, 2 from Trieste, | 4 from Marseilles,’1 from Tarsus, 2 from Bilbea, 1 from Genva, 1 from ||

Of maize, 1 cargo from Havre, 1 from

Of beans, 3 cargoes from Alexandria. large proportion of these were sold previous to arrival.

The telegraph bringing us accounts of rather quiet markets on the Continent, has forestalled the information derived from circulars, and | what they say is not the latest intelligence. At Antwerp, dated the 2d, | there was in the preceding week a further advance in the price of wheat of 4s to 5s per quarter, but we know that since then the rise has been | checked. At Amsterdam, on the 6th, the price of wheat was some. | what lower, and holders were wilting to sell, but did not find pur- chasers. Rye, however, was dearer, lrom Stettin, of the 4th, we learn that little business was doing in corn, ard that the weather had become favourable. Throughout the neighbouring Continent a similar beneficial chtnge in the -yeather is noticed, which tends to make the markets dull.

Considerable quantities of sugar have been brought forward to take advantage of the recent rise in prices, which have made the market for sugar flat, and has declined 6d, though a good business has been done. Floating cargoes have been in demand for the Continent and the Medi- terranean, and for them full prices have been obtained. The market for

refined sugar has been dull throughout the week. Of the markets of the producing countries, Havana and Porto Rico, we have received the follow-

accounts, forwarded to us by Messrs Bade, of Moorgate street :— Messrs Gust, Gruner, and Co., of Mayaguez, Porto Rico, write under

date 12th May :—‘‘ The stock of sugar left for sale is rather small and getting daily thinner. Planters, owing to the rainy weather which set in again, are frequently interrupted in their grinding operations. The present quotations are 23 dols to 3} dols for ord to good refining quality ; 3} dols to 33 dols for good to first seconds; and 3) dols to 3 dols for prime sugars, which latter description continue extremely scarce, as like-

wise molasses at 14 dols per 110 gallons. Freights dulls vessels for Europe without inquiry, nominally 3/ to 3! 5s. Exchange on London, 425 dols to 490 dols.”’

The following is from M. de Embiland Co.’s Price Current, dated Ha- vana, May 11, 1855 :—* Since our last circular of the 9th April the demand for sugars has continued, prices have advanced { rial. Wequote—prices in sterling, per cwt f.o.b., at 9 per cent. premium of exchange—Cucuru-

chos, No. 9 to 10}, 16s 6d to 17s 83d; brown to common, No. 11 to 13}, 18s 3}d to 19s 6d; good to fine yellows, No. 14 to 164, 20s 1}d to

21s 445 superior to florettes, No. 17 to 18}, 21s lld to 23s 83d; whites, low to common, 24s 4d to 258 63d; good to superior florettes, 263 lid to 28s 6$d. The exports in the last month have been 191,842 boxes, against 157,221 boxes in 1854, and the grand total is $1,0v0 and 87,000 boxes more than in 1854 and 1853. Our stock here and in Ma- |

tenzas is estimated at 200,000 boxes; in 1854 it amounted to 285,000 boxes; but the entire crop will fall short considerably. Most of the | planters will conclude thei? grinding this month. Muscovadoes have advanced in prices, reaching 4} rs to 6} rs, or 16s €d to 20s 14d. The certainty of the small quantity of molasses remaining, and the de- | mand forthe United States, have increased the value to 23 rs to 3 rs for clayed, per keg of 54 gallons, and3} rs to4 rs for muscovadoes. Freights are firmer, except for French flag, with rather an upward tendency. Exchanges have advanced to 83 to 9 per cent. London 3 to 54 per cent.

discount Paris; New York, 2} per cent. discount, 60 days’ sight; New Orleans, par; Spain, 4 to 6$ per cent. premium, according to sight.

The stocks of sugar in the principal Evropean ports on the !st inst., according to the statement of Messrs Carey and Browne, were 123,030 tons, against 157,020 tons in 1854, and 135,220 tons in 1853.

The demand for coffee is steady, and prices barely maintained. Tea sales took place on Tuesday and Wedaesday. 32,300 packages were

put up, and 4,246 sold at prices barely equal to former prices. Duty was paid at the port of London in the week ending the 31st ult. on 615,303 ibs, against 618,661 lbs in the corresponding week of last year.

The demand for rice continues good, and prices are firm. Although the transactions in the Liverpool cotton market during the

present week have not been quite so extensive as in the two preceding

ones, still a large business bas been done, the sales reaching 107,000 bales at Ad per lb advance on the fair qu ‘ities of American ; all other descriptions remain unchanged, the extreme advance not having been main- tained. Spinners have taken this week 41,000 bales, speculators 63,000 bales, and exporters 3,000 bales. Since Monday the demand has some- what abated, which, after so long a period of excitement, is not very sur- prising. According to the telegraphic accounts, however, the market to- day has become again more animated, and the sales are 10,000 bales to 2,000 bales, with a very firm market. The accounts from America re-

ceived this week being again very favourable for holders of cotton, caused the animation of the Liverpool market on Monday last ; the further defi ciency in the receipts, and the complaints of great drought having caused prices in America further to advance. A large business has been trans-

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acted in the London market - the sales being again 12,750 bales ;

ices are the same as last quoted.

Per Henry W. Eaton a that—“‘ The silk market during May has

experienced a fair current business, at previous rates, the deliveries

having continued most satisfactory. China silk still forms the leading

feature, and with the present firm tendency in the Italian market is likely

to continue so. The last accounts from China, to the 15th of April, re-

port the total shipments to England to be 45,400 bales, against 57,700

| bales at the same period last year, and fully bear out the Opinion ex-

pressed on the 4th ultimo, that there would be a deficiency of about

10,000 bales, especially as the advices from the home market yet to be

received were by no means encouraging to shippers.

In the oil and seed market prices are well supported, but business has

not been extensive or animated. Tallow, indeed, fluctuates daily, and

the price of Petersburg Y C was 51s 6d to 51s 9d. .

Of the crops in the United States it is said that in the Northern,

Western, and Middle States they never promised better than at present.

A Californian merchant has arrived at New York with a view to make

some arrangement for the receipt of flour and wheat from San Francisco.

His samples are of the very finest kind, fully equal to the best produc- | tions of the State of New York. The wheat costs about 90 cents per

| bushel, and the flour a little less than 6 dols per brl in San Francisco. This

| gentleman is fully confident that both can be laiddown in New York ata

profit, even admitting that prices may materially decline within the next

| three or four months. It is understood that one or two vessels have already been chartered at San Francisco to bring grain to that port—a significant revolution in the course of trade.

1855.]

|

New York, May 19.

The demand has been less active since Tuesday, but prices have not varied materially, and the market closes quietly at the annexed quotations.

| The Baltic’s accounts were not received till after the market closed yes. terday. The sales for the week are estima'ed at 15,000 bales, part on

| speculation and part for export. Home spinners have operated sparingly. We quote :—

COTTON,

|

New York CLAssiFicaTION, New Orleans

Upland. Florida. Mobile. & Texas, c c c

OFAinary ccorcoscrccrsorccercrcce 8§ sooree 8] coors BF coreee 8h Midding ...ccccceccccee cx sevece 1G covece 103 coccce 10% coerce 10) Middliug fair scene TE cocene 8R cccnes: BAD cca 1 Fair ...00 ° cooose LNG ld coors 12 123

The arrivals have been from Nassau, N. P., 662 bales ; New Orleans, 2,492 bales; Mobile, 3,379 bales; Florida. 1,989 bales ; South Carolina,

THE ECONOMISTI.

2,287 bales; North Carolina, 394 bales; Virginia, 375 bales; Baltimore, | 91 bales—total, 11,676 bales. Export from lst to 18th May, 1855, bales,

New York, May 22.—There has been an extensive business done in this market during the week, closing at Jc to $c advance. The week’s

Total import since Lst inst., $7,138 hales, 22.984 bales ; ditto, 1854, 17,936 |

receipts at all ports amount to 40,000 bales, against 44,000 last vear, | making the decrease now 199,000 bales. The shipments to Great Britain have been 21,000 bales, azainst 28,000 last year.

New Orleans. Mobile. Other ports. Total. Last seasor. bales, bales. bales. bales, bales.

| Receipts forthe week 19,070 .. 4,000 ... 17.C00 ... 40,600 ... 44,60) | _ since Sept. '1,105,000 .. 333.000 ... $68.00; ... 2,405,009 ... 2,605,000 | &rgn. expts. the week K,U00 eee 13,000 ... 0,000 ... 41,009 ... 34,100 | _ since Sept. 1 82,000 ... 443,000 we = 62¥,010 ... 1,760,000 oe 1,450,016 | Ofwhich toG’.Biitain 697,060... 345,00... 458,0 0 ... 1,185,000 ... 1,151,010 | Stock remng. on hand 120,039 ... 59,000 ... 146,000... 325,000 .. 603.000

It is thus apparent that there is now a deficiency in receipts of 199,000 bales; an excess of shipments to foreign ports of 110,000, of which 31,000 are to Great Britain ; and a decrease of stock of 283,000. The

| continued lowness of the Southern rivers «ffords, we regret to say, no ad- ditional hope that the receipts of cotton will exceed 28 or 2,900,000

| bales by the end of the s-ason. ‘aking them at 2,800,000, and the | continued reduction in the receipts hardly warrants even this estimate, | and deducting what has so far been delivered, there remains 394,000 bales yet to reach the ports, against 322,000 in same time last year, an assumed increase in the future supplies of 72,000 bales. While the present and prospective supplies are short, there is as yet no corresponding diminution in the consumption. One of our firm has recently visited the manufac- turing districts of this country, and is unable to report any reduction.— From Messrs Neil! Bros. and Co.'s Circular, forwarded by Messrs Olleren- shaw and Co., of Manchester.

LIVERPOOL MARKET, June 8. PRICES CURREN!

| Good 16:4 Shane period | Mid, Fair. Fair Good.) Fine, —-—_A-

Ord. Fair. Fine.

Ib per \b per Ib per Ib! per ib Upland secccoccorssore| 61 | Ghd | 7d | 73d! Té¢| TE 444 | 64d). New Orleans oceseeeee 8 63 | 7% 73 8 x$ 44 64 8 Pernambuce cco. 7 72 74 72 8 84 th 65 8} Spat cic) CE } CE | 2 73 | 68 [10 || 58 | &§ | 104 Uratand Madras. 4 44 | 45 dt St 5 3 3% 49

en Imrvars, UUNSUMPEIUD, GArUMED, OL.

Whole Import, , Covsumptien, Exports, Compnted Stock. Jan. 1 toJune 8. | Jan. lto June &. Jan. } to June 8. June 8,

iii teatienittlccAtkecdh se ae ais Ii ah aad

1885 1854 1855 i85t 155 1854 1855 1a54

hales bales | bales bales bales bales bales bales 1,147,157 1169,945 1,040,080 | 788.596 78020 163.680 533710 812,450

Much excitement was apparent in the cotton market at the beginning of the week. Prices of American rose for a short period 3d to gd per lb above ovr last quotations, the bulk of the business being done by speculators. During the last few days, however, the excitement has subsided, and on one or two days the market was depressed. The advance has been in great part lost, but we raise our quotations 4d per lb. Brazil and Egyptian have been in good demand by the trade at very full prices. e eu A

East India were in great demand by speculators in the early part of the week, and advanced with American. They have also receded, and are now little above the prices of last week. The sales to-day are 8,000 bales. Speculators are again operating, and there isa firmer tone in the market. The reported export amounts to 2,530 bales, consisting of 1,060 American and 1,470 Surat.

MARKETS OF THE MANUFACTURING DISTRICTS, si ANCHESTER, Tuurspay Evenine, Jone 7, 1855.

COmPasaTive STATEMENT OF THE Cotton Trave.

\ Price | Price Pree Price Price Price June7, June June June June , June ised 1354. 1852. 185%. 1851. 1880.

Raw Cotton: — »4M@\jsaisdindisadisa Upland £air.rsceceeseccerescscesereeeeperib 0 7 |0 640 2 0 55 0 530 7% Ditto ZOOd Cir cecccccseccecccccsceeserccccsevees O Fh {0 6; 0 62 0 64 0 63 0 7% Pernambucolair 2.00.00 cesses eee . O 74/9 60 65 O 7T' uv 720 73

Ditto g0'd (GIT secccocesccccccccoccs, @ 79 16 Tei TE 6 Tie 74 0 8 No. 40 Muce Yaan, fair, 2ndqual.... 8103 |0 9 60192 0 93 0 9$ O11 No.30 WaTeErR do do cove 0 106) 0 SEO i0h O 9G O GE O 10} ah-in.,66 reed,Printer,29yds,4lbs 202 4 79 4 735 6 46°64 3°55 1g t7-in.,72reed, do, do, Sibs2oz 5 7$'5 4 5105 5 79 5 3'6 1h 89-in., 60 reed, Gold End Shirtings, 373 |

YAS, 81DE 408 ccoccccsecsersescercccscccseee 8 O | 7 10: 8 7$ 8 3|9 O 7 105 40-in., 66 reed, do, do, do, 8ibs I20z 8 10$ 8 10} 9 6 9 13 9 O 9 10} 40-in,, 72 reed, do, do, do, 9lbs4oz... 9 10 101410 9 10 3 9 10310 9 84-in,, 48 reed, Red Eod Long Cloth

RA Gls Minas senda F SIV HF Ve F 'F 2 7.108

The cotton speculation reached its climax on Monday last. Enacou- raged by the American news, speculators did a stroke of business on that day in Liverpool which we hardly remember to have been equalled even there. Prices got up an additional 4d, although the advance at the close of last week had been fully }d perlb. But middling Orleans was to touch 7d per lb, and it has done so.

If buyers in our yarn and cloth markets had followed the movement in Liverpool to a fair extent till now, and had exhibited even more pluck than was at first anticipated, this last feat of our neighbours has brought them toa full stop at ali events, and there was next to no business transacted at the very extreme quotations which spinners and manufac- turers were compelled to make in self-defence on Tuesday last. Even some bona fide and pressing orders were left unexcuted, the holders pre- fering, we are told, to write for instructions before they would pay so considerable an advance. ‘The position of our millowners would be very anomalous under such circumstances, if many of them were net well supplied with cotton at considerably lower rates.

Since yesterday, however, a great change has come over the Liverpool | market, and the reduction from the extreme prices of Monday is 3d per lb. altered tone of the money market, discounts having been a fraction higher on Tuesday than previously. At all events it has made buyers in our markets still more backward, every one preferring to watch the further course of events. Quotations, under such circumstances, are quite nominal.

One of the mills of Messrs Rayner Brothers, near Stalybridge, was struck by lightning last night and destroyed. It was ten windows in width and five stories high.

Braprorp, June 7.—Wool—There is no change during the week here. The market is badly supplied with wool, and the backwardness of the seasen will cause a later clipping time than usual, which is operating to the detriment of thetrade. The weekly markets now opened will, ere

long, augment the supply, and remove the difficulty of temporary scarcity. Yarns, being in good reduest, are hela for b>tter prices. Pieces—The difficulty to make goods is on the increase, and manufac- turers seek an advance accordingly.

NotTinGHam, June 6.—Lace business continues to be extremely quiet, notwithstanding the decided improvement which has been witnessed in in the weather, but which cannot give any materi] impulse to this branch of our local manufactures, the proper s -ason being in point of fact overpast. Silk is rather tending down than upwards in price, in consequence of dull trade and the absence of speculation; although, to cotton, the abundance of money has imparted an opposite movement of quite a speculative ten- dency. Hosiery exhibits increased improvement, notwithstanding the extraordin+ry advance of cotton 1s 6d a bundle, which renders goods worth from 5 to 7 per cent. more than formerly, some portion of which has already been submitted to by the buyers, with the certeinty that by and by some cuusiderable advance must occur in goods’ prices. The activity is thus increased to some extent by speculations for the rise; but the legitamate dem+nd is also considerable.— Notts Gurdian.

LeepDs, June 5.—The has been a fair average demand for cloth to-day, | and the bulk sold exceeds that which changed hands this day week. Prices are firm, and the general aspect of the woollen trade is as favourable as can reasonably be expected, There is alittle more doing in the flax spin- ning line. Most of the houses of that branch in Leeds are running their machinery to the extent of five days a-week, which isa longer period than they were working during the past winter; and one extensive factory commenced running ful time yesterday. Some good orders on foreign account have been received.

Leicester, June 5.—There has been but little doing in trade here, and we have therefore little alteration to report since last week In worsted goods but little is doing. Spinners continue fully employed, but complain that they cannot obtain prices for yarns at all equivalent to the advance which has taken place in wools, and which is firmly maintained.

HuppersrFi£E_p, June 5.—There is no alteration to notice in our mar- ket to-day; the same listless uncertainty is sti/l apparent; and although there have been a few buyers about the warehouses, their transactions have not been very extensive. In the foreign trade there is rather more activity, and on the whole things are looking rather brighter than they have been for some time past.

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632 THE ECONOMIST.

—_—_— + eae eee

[June 9, FO as

Rocupae, June 4.—We have had a steady market for flannels, and

the manufacturers are asking better prices. The wool market has not

undergone much change since last week, but the demand is tolerably good and prices firm.

Hautrax, June 2.—The business in our piece hall to-day has been as languid as usual, and the sales of goods, of any description, very limited. Yarns and wools have undergone no change.

Giascow, June 7.—There has been a steady business doing in iron

this week, at very full prices.

CORN.

AMERICAN CORN AND FLOUR MARKETS.

New York, May 19.—Fiovr axp Mear.—lIncr as d receipts of

State and Western flour have again forced prices down to a lower range, |

a decline of 25 to 50 cents having been established since Tuesdaydast, |

mostly on the low grades. The concession led to an increased demand, |

and the sales for the three days reach 22,000 bris, including |

2,000 bris common State for June delivery at 8.874 dols to 9 |

dols; and 2,000 Wisconsin “Stone Mills,” to arrive within two |

weeks, 10.25 dols—an extreme price. The arrivals at the Lake ports,

we observe, are also on the increase, both from the far Western States

and Canada, and th: re are now fewer doubts expressed about the supplics |

to come forward being insufficient to meet the requirements of the |

country until the incoming new crop. The Reciprocity Treaty has |

had a fortunate beginning—in fact, a fairer field to test its qualities could

not have been desired. In the emergency caused by short supplies at |

home we needed aid from somewhere, and the agricultural products of |

Canada came in free opportunely. It is a recommendation of good acts |

that they are pregnant with unperceived benefits, yielding good fruits |

not thought of in their inception. This truth is already exemplified in |

!

i

the Reciprocity Treaty, and makes us grateful not only to the origina-

tors of the act, but to those who were instrumental in Carrying it fore |

ward to its consummation. Canada flour has sustained an equal decline

of 25 cents, and the demand has continued quite active: sales, 6,500 |

bris, closing at 10 dols to 11 dols for the range of common to extra. We

quote :—State, common brands, 8.75 dols to ¥ 873 dols; State, straight

brands, 9.874 to 9.93} dols; State, favourite brands, 9.933 dols to 10 dols ;

| State,extra brands, 10.25 dols to 10.37} dols; Western, mixed brands,

| to 10.123 dols; Michigan, fancy brands, 10.12} dols to 10.25 dols ; Ohio,

| against 34,043 bushels in same time in 1854.

| bushels at 1.66 dol for inferior Southern, and 1.75 dol to 1.80 dol for

| livery : sales, 85,000 bushels, the market closing firm at 1.14 dol to 1.15}

9.75 dols to 9.874 dols; Michigan and Indiana, straight brands, 10 dois

common to good brands, 10 dols to 10.25 dols ; Ohio, fancy brands, 10.25 |

dols to 10.375 dols; Ohio, extra brands, 10.50 dols to 12 dols; Michi- | gan and Indiana, extra brands, 10.25 dols to 10.75 dols; Genesee, tancy brands, '¥ 374 dols to 1050 dols ; Genesee, extra brands, 10.50 dols | to 12.75 dols; Canada, 10 dols to 11 dols per bri. Southern flour has ruled steady, from the fact that the receipts continue trifling, prices at | the South being higher relatively than theyare here. The stock, too, has run down very low. The demand has been to a fair extent, the sales reaching 5,00° bris, closingsteady at 11 dols to 11.25 dols for common to good mixed straight brands, 11.25 dols to 11.374 dols for favourite, and 11.433 dols to 12.50 dols for fancy and extra. Export of wheat flour from May 1 to 18, 1855, 14,884 brls, against 46,433 bris in same

time in 1854. Grain.—The wheat market remains inactive, and, in the absence of

any transactions, prices remain quite nominal. Indeed, there is not a sufficient quantity in the market to establish quotations. A few sam. { ples have been offered to arrive, but, from the declining tendency of flour, millers were indisposed to operate in this way. With the excep- tion of a small parcel of prime red North Carolina at 2.50 dols, we have no transactions to report. Rye is scarcely so firm, but there has been scarcely enough done to establish authentic quotations: sales, 2,750

Northern; a contract for 5,500 bushels, sold at 1.30 dol, deliverable be- | fore 20th May, was settled yesterday by the seller paying the buyer 1,500 dols; at the close, smal! parcels could be bought at about 1.70 dol

to 1.72 dol. The corn market opened lower, but regained its buoyancy before the close, with a fair demand, in part for export and forward de-

dol for the range; included in the sales were 5,000 bushels Western mixed for June delivery at 1 dol; and 30,000 at 1.02 dol for July, and 1.05 for August. Export of wheat from May 1 to 18, 1555, 986 bushels,

Export of corn from May 1 to 18, 1855, 17,653 bushels, against 201,930 bushels in same time in 1854.

New York, May 2?2.—Holders of common brands of flour were firm to-day, and in some instances a slight improvement was obtained. State flour sold at 9 dols 87$c to 10 dols 25c for common to favourite brands, and 10 dols 7c to 12 dols 75c for Genesee; Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio, 10 dols to 10 dols ancy brauds, 10 dols 3ljc to 10 dols 374c; extra ditto, 10 dols 502 to 12 dols. Southern flour was firm at 11 dols 25c to 11 dols 37)c for common to favourite brands, and 11 dols 50c to 12 dois 50c for extra. Canada flour was in good request at 10 dols 25c to 11 dols. 3,000 bushels of Canada wheat sold on private terms. Corn was rather dull. Sales of white were made at 115c to ll6c, and of mixcd and yellow at 1i7c ; 5.000 bushels of mixed Western, for deli- very in June, sold at 105, and 10,000 bushels, to be delivered in July and August, at 1054.

25e. w=WJl 4

CuicaGo, May 19.—Indian corn, per 480 lbs, 26s to 27s; wheat, 60s to 66s ; oats, per 256 lbs, 15s to 16s; flour, per brl, 35s to 37s; tallow, per 112 lbs, 58s; mess pork, per brl, 68s; lard, per 112 Ibs, 46s; shoulders and hams, salted, per 112 lbs, 38s; bacon, boxed, 35s to 40s. Shipments, per Lake, since opening of navigation :—Wheat, 27,000 qrs; corn, 51,000 qrs ; oats, 7,000 qrs; flour, 6,098 bris; pork, 15,043 bris ; | lard, 1,964 bris. Large quantities in addition sent by railroads and canal. Estimated stock in store:—Wheat, 8,000 qrs; corn, 180,000 qrs; flour, 25,000 qrs.

—— SC —_— ee ——————

| at about Is per qr over the currency of the previous Tuesday : average,

| very limited; there were a few parcels of Irish oats in, with moderate

LONDON MARKETS,

STATE OF THE CORN TRADE FOR THE WERK, MakkK LANE, Fripay Morning,

There was a short supply of English wheat at Mark lane on Monday and a good demand was experienced for the best samples of red at Isto 2s per qr advance in price, but there was a slow sale for white, and on this description no higher rates could be obtained. The demand for foreign wheat was moderate, at about 1s per qr more money: the im- ports were liberal, and consisted of 540 qrs from Anclam, 284 qrs from Bremen, 9,444 qrs from Dantzic, 580 qrs from Emden, 600 qrs from Groningen, 1,786 qrs from Hamburg, 730 ars from Harlingen, 200 qrs from Holbeck, 580 qrs from Howacht. 510 qrs from Husum, 620 qrs from Kioge, 6,659 qrs from Konigsberg, 370 qrs from Norkoping, 470 qrs from Nystad, 680 qrs from Praestoe, 5,324 qrs from Rostock, 1,000 qrs from Rugenwalde, 580 qrs from Sonderberg, 2,686 qrs from Stralsund, 64 qrs from Tonning, 580 qrs from Wismar, and 510 qrs from Worcam, making

| a total of 34,607 qrs, against 30.274 qrs the corresponding week of last

| year. The arrivals of flour coastwise were 1,466 sacks, by the Eastern | Counties 11,983 sacks, by the Great Northern 2,368 sacks, from foreign ports 2,814 sacks and 767 barrels. There was no alteration in the quo- tations of town-made, but the best country marks were rather higher and fine Spanish realised a trifling advance, some quantity of this description having latterly been taken for France, The arrivals of barley coastwise were 1,875 qrs, from Scotland 34 qrs, and from foreign ports 5,305 qrs: the demand for good samples was steady at very full prices, From our own coast we continue to receive limited samples of oats: this week there were only 410 qrs, from Scotland 121 qrs, from Ireland 2,950 qrs, but from foreign ports 33,659 qrs. The quantity of Erglish and Scotch offering being so limited, quite as high rates were obtained, as well as for the choicest qualities of foreign, but for secondary sorts and parcels out of condition about 6d per qr abatement was submitted to, though with much reluctance by the factors, the country demand being somewhat extensive.

There were good imports of wheat and flour at Liverpool on Tuesday, and with a fair attendance of millers and dealers a steady consumptive demand was experienced for wheat, at an advance of ld and 2d per 70 lbs for all descriptions. English, Spanish, and American flour must be quoted quite as dear, but the firmness of the holders somewhat checked business.

The imports at Hull of wheat were only 4,072 qrs, and very little of , fine quality could be found, such is wanted , but cold 58 Ib samples are searcely saleable at present. There was a moderate delivery of wheat from the farmers, for which they obtained an advance of !s to 2s per qr: average, 77s Yd on 385 qrs.

At Leeds the arrivals of wheat were 4,669 qrs ; a fair sale took place

76s 3d on 368 qrs. A small supply of wheat was brought forward by the farmers at | — which commanded Is per qr advance: average, 78s 4don | ,129 qrs.

At Lynn only a moderate quantity of wheat was brought forward by | the farmers, which they held very high, and buyers had to pay 2s per qr more money, choice 63 lbs red being worth 80s per qr.

The fresh arrivals of English grain at Mark Jane on Wednesday were

imports of foreign grain and flour. Very little English wheat was on sale, and prices were unaltered. Foreign wheat was held on former terms, but only a limited business was transacted in any description. Fine oats met a steady sale at former prices.

The Scotch markets have on the whole been firm this week. At Edinburgh some very choice parcels of farmers’ wheat realised Is per qr | more money, and although other sorts were not a ready sale, they ||

|

|

| brought very full prices: average, 77s 9d on 1,208 qrs. The imports a, Leith consisted of 12,254 qrs wheat, 5,019 qrs barley, 1,092 qrs peas | and 595 sacks flour. The transactions in foreign wheat were to a very | moderate extent; fine Danish, according to quality, realised from 73s to | 76s, the latter price having been paid for the favourite runs of Falster. There were 7,960 qrs Egyptian wheat up the Clyde for Glasgow, and 7,357 qrs wheat mostly from the Baltic at Grangemouth : the previous :

decline had been recovered in the sales of wheat, but trade was more firm | ' than brisk.

The quantity of wheat gn sale at Birmingham on Thursday was g00d, end it met a dull sale at a decline of 1s to 2s per qr: average, 79s 5d on 1,032 qrs.

At Bristol there was a fair quantity of wheat on sale, and it was taken off slowly at about previous rates: average, 77s 5d on 305 qrs.

The supply of wheat at Newbury was large, which the millers took off

to a limited extent at 1s under last week's currency. Some quantity was left over unsold.

The deliveries of wheat at Bishop's Stortford were fair, and the millers purchased it reluctantly at last week’s currency for prime quali ties, but at Is to 2s per qr reduction on secondary sorts : average, 728 Sd | on 537 qrs. ;

The weekly averages were 77s 7d on 108,923 qrs wheat; 33s 2d on 14,638 qrs barley; 28s 2d on 11,598 qrs oats; 44s 7d on 600 qrs Ty& 46s 4d on 4,530 qrs beans; and 42s 3d on 369 qrs peas.

At Mark lane on Friday the fresh arrivals of English grain were short, witha moderate quantity of Irish oats, and tolerably good imports of foreign wheat and flour. The quantity of English wheat left over from Monday was not much added to this morning, and a slow sale was expe rienced at rather under the prices of Monday. There was a limited ex- tent of business transacted in foreign wheat, and prices were generally & little lower, without any forced sales being effected. The best country flour, fresh made, was in fair request at former prices ; other sorts were rather dull, The transactions in oats have been to a fair extent at \ Monday’s quotations for all fresh and heavy corn; secondary sorts || were sold slightly in favour of the buyers.

se —atigiaeccapineay —_————— rrr

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_——————_———

1855. ]

| Trefoil as Foreign 24 25 Choice ceccec | Linseed cake, foreign... per ton 10/ tts to 11d lus English, perton i!2 10s toli71 Bupesced du do ....06 fl 15s to 61178 do 6/ ids to €/ 1 | -__

| |

is

COLONIAL AND FOREIGN PRODUCE MARKETS. TRANSACTIONS OF THE WEEK.

(For Report of This Day's Markets, see “ Postscript.’’) MINCING LANE, Fripay Mornine.

SvuGar.—Large supplies being again brought upon the market, com- | bined with heavy arrivals, prices have yielded 6d per cwt, at which de- | cline there has been a good demand for consumption. Floating cargoes realised extreme rates, several finding buyers this week chiefly for exe portation. ( ee

buyers to yesterday. for brown to good yellow. 37s to 40s per cwt.

57 hhds crystallised Berbice ranged from During the past fortnight the deliveries, although

large, have exhibited some falling off. The total clearances at this port

| Stock on the 2nd inst., 48,310 tons, against 55,051 tons last year. _ Imports have been to a moderate extent only since above date. Accounts | from Havana this week lead to the expectation of a larger crop than | generaily estimated, stocks being heavy notwithstanding the increased | shipments. | Mauritius. —Of 27,!00 bags brought forward on Tuesday and Wednes- | day, about 20,000 bags found buyers, at prices generally 6d lower than

last week: yellow, low to fine, 34s 6d to 39s ; low to fine brown, 29s 6d

to 34s; grainy yellow and white, 37s 6d to 41s 6d per cwt. Several car- goes have arrived.

| |

| Bengal.—3,150 bags chiefly sold at barely previous rates: Benares, | middling to very good, 38s to 40s; fine white Cossipore, 41s 6d; musco- vado kind, 34s to 36s 6d per cwt. Madras.—605 bags sold at 31s to 313 6d for good soft brown, and

| about 800 bags also reported sold by private contract. Manilla.—Of 12,451 bags clayed about one-third part realised 34s 6d,

the remainder bought in at 34s 6d to 35s. The remainder of above has since been placed, together with some more, making in all about 22, bags, besides a parcel of unclayed, prices of which have not transpired.

for consumption are about 11,500 tons in excess of those in 1854. |

THE ECONOMIST.

In the West India market only 1, 270 hhdsand tierces found | 500 hhds Barbadoes by auction realised 34s to 39s |

|

Foreign —The public sales have gone off at 6d decline, and the parcels | offered were only partly sold. 57 hhds 19 tres 200 bris Porto Rico about half found buyers: low middling to fine grocery, 363 to 41s 6d. 864

for middling to good yellow. 150 boxes clayed sold from 35s to 42s for low yellow to white. have sold, containing about 10,500 boxes. One, No. 13}, for Amsterdam, brought 233 6d: two for the Mediterranean sold at prices which have not transpired; the remaining one, No. 10, 21s 6d, for the United Kingdom. A Cargo of 3,400 bags Pernambuco, likewise for the United Kingdom, realised 20s 3d per cwt.

Refined.—The market is quict, and prices exhibit a decline of 6d from the late highest point, with a better of supply of goods on show.

By private treaty four cargoes of yellow Havana

ee = ™ 7 ’ . = .

|

| hhds 155 tres 72 brls Cuba barely one-third part sold from 38s to 38s 4d |

!

653

morning brown grocery lumps were quoted 47s 6d; other kinds in pro- portion ; crushed lumps, 43s 6d to 45s. Latest accounts from Holland and Antwerp represent the market for refined sugar as being very firm, with a limity quantity ready for immediate delivery, and refiners generally

Few transactions in loaves, &c., are reported All descriptions of treacle are steady.

Mo.asses meet with more inquiry, but no floating cargoes can be ob-

is 1s to 2s lower, with a better supply of West 750 bags Trinidad chiefly found buyers at 37s to 42s for middling

No change has transpired in foreign. Corree.—There has been a steady demand for coloury descriptions by

the home trade, as well as for export at previous rates in most instances. The public sales of plantation Ceylon to yesterday comprised 370 casks

which were principally sold: low middling to middling, 57s to 65s; good middling to good, 67s to 71s; pea berry,

1,987 bags native were bought in above the value, viz., 47s 6d to 48s for good ordinary; privately, 46s 6d has been accepted for

Arrivals from Ceylon during the past month have been very large, many vessels coming in which were due for

Jamaica has sold steadily in the recent public sales. Nothing has been done in foreign this week. 30 bales Mocha were bought in at 56s 6d for unclean long berry.

Tea.—The business by private treaty has been chiefly confined to common congou, which continues to meet with inquiries at 8id. Of 32,300 pkgs in public sale, 5,600 found buyers without material change

Fine gunpowder went as high as 33 6d; fine Canton-made ditto, 2s 8!d; fair to good hyson, 1s 7d to Is 9d. Congou sold well.

There was rather more animation in the demand for several descriptions

Rice.—The demand has been rather active at extreme rates. By private contract, Bengal on the spot sold from 133 9d to 15s for middling to good; to arrive, at 15s 14d landedterms, and 14s 3d ex ship. Two cargoes of Arracan (1,050 tons) have sold—one for London at 13s, one

2,561 bags 750 pockets 312 bags

12s 6d, old conditions. Bengal by auction ranged from 13s 6d to 15s, and all sold. Madras sold at 12s 6d to 13s per ewt for barley grain. SaGo.—638 boxes chiefly sold at fuli rates: small grain, 28s 6d to 30s;

Rum.—The market is firm but quict, and a limited amount of business Proof Leewards quoted 2s 3d to 2s 4d; De-

The stock of West India rum on ist inst. was 16,230 puns 1,992 hhds—an increase of 5,127 puns 909 hhds

The deliveries continue large. Spices,—Considerable supplies of nutmegs and mace having come

forward, the market is quiet, buyers awaiting further public sales. 667 bags pepper from Port Natal

were taken in at 43d to 43d for Borneo kind. 62 bags Zanzibar cloves 245 cases cassia vera all sold

from 293 to 54s Gd for low coarse partly damaged to good bright. Cassia lignea is firmer, and prices looking up.

SALTPETRE.—The market has azain assumed a firmer aspect, anda fair amount of business done during the week at fully 6d advance. Fine quality last seld by private contract at 2s 6d to 30s per cwt: 7: to 6} 28s lid. By public sale 1,793 bags Bengal sold at 27s 6d to 28s 6d for 6 to 7} refraction; 5 to 43, 29s 6d. The lower qualities are worth 25s to 25s 6d per cwt.

Iupoars aud DetiveriEs of Satter TRB for the first five months, with Srocxs remaining Ou hand Ist June.

ee

The London averages announced this day were as follows :— Qrs. oo 4

WARE ccoceccce ces cecces ses sas csevseccccseccecescsecsoccocsccsscce 3,978 At75 7 ccccsse 1,288 833 5 ue O60 @ F

+ eae eeeeee ose 7 pen ¢ were asking higher rates.

~ 325 2 for this kingdéon aaa itis ceed aacrereeiialanaoendta 5 47 2 for this kingcom.

Arrivals thia Weer. Wheat. Barleu. Moat, Oats Fiour. tained at late rates. Qre. Qrs. Gn. Cra. Cocoa.—The market

English coccoccce 15520 scone ° 350 coccce 850 scoseo 24) come 1,460 sacks India Trish ccccoscoccce cee = ceecee = ove eronne cee gssens 4,510 wcoee « = "

, ¢ <i 8,300 — grey to good red. Worelgn sorcrson 19,080 cacess 4,090 caocee see soraen 19,960 scones 4 450 bre te PRICES CURRENT OF COKN, ac.

BRITISH AMDIBISE, Perquarter. x e-s

Wheat ...Essex, Kent,and SrtPolk TOCyreerscssseesseren 76H 79 White wow 85 85 119 barrels 1,120 bags, Norfolk and Lincolnshire 0 0., sssesrees - 75 79 *

Rye coo cce 1A coscceccecce « 44s 45s New ” . 43 44 Branko 39 40 Poe ms

Barley. Grinding, soooeee 31 32 Distilling... 23 34 Maltivg 35 36 68s to 70s.

Mat se Brow coscoscseces t 62 Paleshipy .. 65 68 Ware seco 71 72

Boans...New largeticks we... O 41 Harrow... 43 45 Pigeon «. 48 80] a small parcel very ordinary. Old GO seveee 45 49 DO sesecereres 48 50 Ditiiias cei in ae

49 41 Maple ww... 43 44 Biu , 45 70 s ; 44 45 Boilersu. 44 45 Nowe 43 4g | Some time past.

Oats.....-Lincoln& Yorks.feed 26 27 Shortsmal 28 29 Poland ... 28 SO Scotch Angus and Ross feed secccesercereees ecw Sl 32 PotatOreccce 33 25 Banff, Peterhead, and Aberdeeushire feed .. 81 32 Hopetown, 32 33 Trish ,Cork, Waterford, and Youghal, black 4. ererveressevene 26 27 Do, Galway 23s S49, Dablin & Wextordfeed 25 27 Potatoss. 28 £0 | Do, Limerick Sligo, and Westport sccccece.e 27 23 Fine sve 29 30 | Do, Newry, Dundalk, and Londonderry 28 29 ee eines See ,

F our .lTrish.persack —s —3, Norfolit, S@usscceee 54 55 TOWN seovee 65 70 | In prices, Taras soSPring scccccccccsssoccsseesserscecceseessoeversecees one SH SU Winter eo. 72 80 |

FOREIGN.

Wheat ..Danzig, Konigsberg ich imixcd andwhite soccssccescosscsee reece 5 ¢ : Do an ie a wounmen: 3S * | towards the close of the sales. Pomeranian, Mecklenburg, marks,red 76 &O ' Silesian, Od 70a FG3, Wis 1CO coocccccccecess "7 80 |

Danish, Holsteinanud Friesland, do 70 72 Do do Go, red es. 10 72 Polish Odessa soe eeeseecee eee see asiei hice eco NT Oe’

RUSSIAN ATA eveveseneeee ove 753 Soft. 74 76 | for the continent at Rhine, red .--seeeee . ih 78 Old .. 77 (78 | Canadian, red....sove timmy th. 78 Whiit@cocee 86 & Egyptian. dalaneee Oe 08 Finececcweee 55 66 |

Maize «Yellow ... « 49 50 White... 49 50 Barley Grinding we 28 51 Misiting w. 32 33 | large grain 26s to 26s 6d per ewt. Beans... Ticks....... - 40 42 Small woe 44 45 | Peas ...White 43s 45s, fin 213 44 46 Maple. 41 42!

Oats ——— brew andthick ... . 27 29 | has been done this week. Russian feed sesccoses. on | Oa f Oe fk : Pepenenaaas 27 28 erara, 2s 5d to 2s 6d per gallon. Danish, Mecklenburg, and F , 25 28 merara, ~s od t § 6a per allon

Flour ...Darzig, perbarre] —s —s AMUricAan cesecese ~ & & | Tares ...Large Gore 448 483, old 44s 46s new... i Se zy } over last year's.

SEEDS, Linseed ..... per gr crushing, Da'tic 625 68s, Odessa... 674693 Sowing... 745 768 Rapeseed ... per last do toreign J6/ 47/, English ..... « 38239 Fine new... 401 414 heel : ery Hempsced vo Pet Qt large........00. aces 54 $6 Small... 48 50 | Cassia lignea has been very firm. Canaryseed... per qr new 525 55s Carraway per 42 44 Trefoil ct 2 32 — — per oats wow Vesesee cess seeneeeeecaneeses lz 13 {on 8 10 realised 5d to 52d for common to fair.

OVerseed... per Cwt ng ish white, new. oe 62 70 Red. wee 54 60

saa Foreign do. GO. cercvccccceccse 5G 66 De ccacee 7 55 |

1855 ik. 4 1853 1852 tons tens tons tons

Imported ....... pen BUTE ences GOD ccecccs 5,348 mccce SO Delivered coe 5,892 ccccee SOIT corece 5,74) coccce 3,664

SOCK rcoccsccosscsecsse 10,323 cose 5 pOE coerce 8,091 ccocee 2,608

100 bags Bombay, refracting 38 to 22}, brought 21s 6d per cwt. NitTraTE Sopa is firm, but rather quict. CocHINEAL.—Several public sales are declared, but 234 bags offered this

week about three parts sold, and Honduras silvers showed an advance of ld; other kinds went off without alteration. Quotations as follows: —l{onduras silvers, 33 5d to 3s 103; pea grain, 4s to 4s 2d; blacks, 4s

to 5s 4d: Lima blacks, 4s to 4s ld: Teneriffe, good silver, 3s 9d; blacks, 33 10d to 4s 2d per lb. The stock of cochineal has increased to 7,310 serons, &c., against 4,686 serons, &c., at same time last year, and 9,542

in 1853. Dyresturrs.—1!00 bales munjeet part sold at 453, being a high price.

Gambier is quiet at 183 6d to 19s. The stock of safflower continues large, but ischiefly in second hands. Cutch has been inactive at late prices. Madeira white argols in public sale realised 74s. ‘Tartar are firm: cream, 5/5sto 5! 10s per cwt. Drucs.—The market is quiet, scarcely a transaction being reported

during the week. Gumsare without change. Large supplies of varnish kinds still come forward. Shellac meets with a steady demand. 280 chests sold at 53s 6d to 54s 6d for good orange.

Srocks of DauGs, DarsaLTeRy Goops, &c., at the Docks and all other warchouses which publish returns, on lst June,

9) 1655. 1854. i . 1955 1854.

Oe | MMO cca seeaats webs +2C3 697 oe G34] Ipecacuanha,..... pkgs 77 « 24 | DAGO 6. 00 ecccccecs kegs 150 ° 317 | Lac dye ....++.. Chests 15492 oe 14259 Camphor .. 0... scethests 2627 .. 2314 | Oil, castor ....0---pkg# 20623 .. 38551

} Cardemoms ..... een oe 240 Cassie occ cccose cove 103 152 | Cream tartar ......caska 1171 2. 1692 ANisued .oce coccccce 29. = 197 Galisceccccccceccce PhGS 556 oe 443 | Opium ........ «chests 138 - 325

| Guma—Animiandcogpal. 7020 .. 295i! | Ristbard .cccccecesere 25% ec 350

| Atabic E. F. i. cc ee 5420; Saffl oe bales 5959 «2 4094

| OT ance ee-c0 és 523 | Sarsaparilia.....- ili2 1166

} Benjamin 2... ccccces oe 11st] se DR coceceseDal 949 .. 1469 JIAMINAL. « ccccce coves ee te ica. 3 flo . 1050

GimboOzs cocece ces ee ee $82, Curch BSS oe 283 | ODA ceee ce ceceee 2225 1584 | Turmeric + 40: .. 858 } a stone 233 .. 21 | VermiiliuD..-eceee Chivas 97 oo 2358

' Sheiluc..........chestg S518 .. 10555 | , ,

Drewoops.—10 tons cam were taken in at 8/ to 12/ per ton. | Inpia Rugper.—160 pkgs Para were taken in at 1s 2d to Is 9d per

This | yb, according to quality. East India is quiet at 7d to 75d per |b.

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Hipes.—133,908 East India were offered yesterday, and 104,700 sold.

The better kinds found ready buycrs ; common medium dull at late rates.

Merats.—There is a better feeling in the market this week, prices

being rather firmer than on Friday last. English bar iron, rails, &e.,

have advanced quite 5s, with more business doing. Scotch pig closed

yesterday at 75s 6d to 76s witha firm market. Spelter, owing to the small

stock and high prices on the Continent, has advanced, 23/ 5s to 23! 7s 6d

being the nearest value on the spot. Stock on the Ist instant, 2,248 tons. The market for tin is firmer: fine Straits has sold at 108s; Banca quoted 111s to 112s. No change in other metals, which are generally steady. A considerable quantity of foreign copper was sold at Liverpool last week, particulars of which have not transpired. Tin plates are steady. Quicksilver, 1s 10d te 1s 11d per Ib.

Hemp.—More business has been done this week in clean Petersburg, and the present quotation is 467to 46/ 10s. 400 hhds Manilla, by auc- tion, were partly disposed of at 41! 5s to 48! 5s for fair to good white. East India Sunn were chiefly taken in at 10/ to 15/. Low and com- mon Bombay went at 15/ 5s to 17/. The sales of jute were very large, comprising 6,349 bales, but 3,890 sold at about late rates, the extreme range being 10! 10s to 17! 15s; fine, 18/ 12s 6d to 18/ 15s per ton. Cey-

| Jon coir yarn brought 14/ 10s to 25!15s; small, 30! to 32/ per ton. ; | O1s.—Prices generally continue firm. Nothing new has occurred in the market for fish oils, common kinds being in small supply. Pale seal quoted 52 10/to 53/0n the spot. Sperm is steady at last weck’s rates. The improved accounts of linseed from the United States gave an upward tendency to the market on Monday, and a steady business has since been done at 38s 9d to 39s on the spot; 40s to 41s paid for future deli- veries to the end of the year. This morning there is less doing. Rape has been firmer: refined, 56s 6d to 57s; brown, 54s to 54s 6d. The stock keeps small. In cocoa-nut, sales to a fair extent have been effected, partly for export: Ceylon, 43s; Cochin, 42s. The market for palm is quiet and unsettled ; good and fine cannot be quoted above 40s to 41s 6d. No change in olive this week. There is a steady trade going on. TURPENTINE.— Spirits, after being dull, have met with more inquiry at

34s for American; English quoted 33s per cwt. Linskep.—There has not been any improvement in the market, which

East India and Black Sea offering at 65s to 68s, accord- Linseed cakes are hardly so firm as last week, owing to

Prices do not at present

remains quiet. ing to quality. the very favourable change in the weather. show any material change.

Tatitow. There has been some fluctuation in prices. On Monday and Tuesday the market suddenly advanced fully 2s: new Y C on the spot, 52s 9d; old, 1s 6d less. Yesterday it was again depressed, and all the above improvement lost, the former selling at 51s 6d. For arrival in the last three months, 53s 6d is the nearest quotation this morning.

PaRTicULaRs OF TaLLow.—M nday, June 4. é 1854

cacke 35,592

923 56°

1855 casks

47,152 1,48t 568

8 1s

1853 casks 24,500 .

135 ... 623 .

1852 Casks

40,77 7:0 wee 630...

Stock this &y ...cccccccss..s Delivered last week ......-.. Ditto since ! st Juue......... Arrived last Week .. ....00-00 776 ROB cas $65 Ditto since Ist Sune see scar WIS: on 1.46608 1. 155... Price of Y C on the =pot...378to37s 3d...47sto 47s 3d...5%s to63s 6d...

#8s 9d 53.

BORIS BOM wsccrcaictessccoen eee 493 3d ave Gls we Sisid

POSTSCRIPT. FRIDAY EVENING. SuGAr.—The market was steady to prices, closing without any further

alteration since Tuesday. There have been about 1,750 hhds and tres West India sold during the week. Mauritius—-4,705 bags sold at full prices. Bengal—1,055 bags middling to good white Benares brought

| $83 to 39s. | good brown.

Madras—I,290 bags native found buyers at 31s to 31s 6d for Manilla—2,350 bags good clayed were taken in at 35s.

| Foreign—740 casks 210 bris Cuba were bought in at 32s to 35s 6d; a | few fine grainy white, 47s per ewt.

Corr&e.—Little was done beyond the public sales. 221 casks 252 bris and bags plantation Ceylon sold steadily at about previous rates, fine marks ashigh as 80s. 500 bags good ordinary native were taken in at 48s. 364 half-bales Mocha were withdrawn.

Cocoa.—425 bags Grenada were principally bought in. TEA was firm with buyers of common congou at 83d. Rice.—200 casks Carolina were held.at 32s to 36s. 165 bags cleaned

Java, at 24s. SALLPETRE was very firm to-day. CocuINEAL.—270 bags about two-thirds sold at fully previous rates

es Honduras silver. Teneriffe and Mexican bought in above the market value.

InpIA RusbER.—533 pkgs Para were chiefly taken in at 1s ld to 1s 9d per lb for low to fine quality.

Fustic.—A few lots Cuba were bought in at 9! per ton for damaged. MeETALs.—Scotch pig, 76s 6d for mixed Nos., firm. Spelter much

| firmer : 22/ 10s demanded. Oirs.—Linseed was quiet at 38s 9d per cwt. 53 casks Ceylon cocoa-

nut part sold at4dis to 41s 6d. 205 casks Manilla were bought in at 38s. 266 casks palm were principally bought in, a few lots only selling at 36s per cwt for common quality. TaLLow.—The public sales went off with more spirit than was ex-

pected from the dull condition of the market. Of 934 casks, nearly 600 sold at full prices. Australian beef, 46s 9d to 49s 9d; sheep, 46s 3d to 51s 6d; South American, 48s to 53s 6d ; North American, 49s 6d to 50 6d; Russia Y.C., 46s 9d to 49s 9d ; Odessa, 49s 9d to 51s 6d, Cape, 54s 3d to 54s Gd. Town tallow, 51s 3d.; Petersburgh Y.C..was dull at yester- day’s quotations,

ADDITIONAL NOTICES. Rerinep Sucar.—The home market for refined sugar is rather

languid. For export no alteration to note. From Holland the prices for refined sugar continue firm: a few sales have been made in crushed, f.0.b. in Holland, at 26s to 27s.

Green Frvit.—The market continues good. Oranges sustain their Value; nuts in demand ; more inquiry for lemons. Part of a cargo, per

———

THE. ECONOMIST. [June 9,

Liverpool packet, from Messina, landed in bad condition, sold by Keeling and Hunt at public sale at prices proportionate to condition. Advices from the Bahamas state the growth of pine apples is checked from want of rain.

Dry Fauit.—Although thereJhave been fewer market transactions lately in currants, yet they have been at advanced rates, and the clear. ances continue on so large ascale as to reduce the stock to an unpre- cedently low point. Raisins steady: black have advanced to 25s to 265 and few offering. : CoLonIAL AND Fore1Gn Woor.—There has been no alteration in

our wool market since our last report. Frax.—A little firmer, but not much business doing. Hemp firmer, and but few sellers. Corron.—The market opened with a brisk demand, and an extensive

business was transacted up to Tuesday, prices having advanced éd per lb. Since that period, owing to the pause and dulness at Liverpool, there has been less doing, but, as there is no disposition to press sales, with the exception of the loss of 4d per lb above named, prices remain the same, and the quotations of Thursday last are resumed. Yesterday 500} bales Surat, 580 bales Tinnivelly Madras, and 123 bales Cochin were offered at public sale, of which 80 bales low seedy Madras were sold at 3d to 34d, and about 100 bales good Cochin at 5§d to 54d per lb; theremainder was bought in, importers refusing to make any con- cession. Sales of cotton wool from June 1 to 7 inclusive :—7,500 bales Surat, at 37d to 43d for middling to good fair, and 42d for fine ; 4,850 bales Madras, at 33d to 4fd for middling to good Tinnivelly ; 400 | bales Bengal, at 3d to 334 for very middling to middling fair. |

LEATHER AND Hipes.—At Leadenhall, on Tuesday, the supply of | leather was ample for all wants, and prices did not at all vary from our |

lave quotations. Less animation was apparent in the market than for some time past, but a lull often exists at this season of the year. The public sales of raw goods this week have not exhibited any novelty, | The few Buenos Ayres hides not being of first qualities were generally withdrawn. The Cape hides and New South Wales brought former prices. ‘The 125,000 East India kips were almost all sold at fully former | rates.

Mera.s.—Copper is very firm, and the demand good. More inquiry | for all descriptions of manufactured iron, and prices are advancing. The | shipments and consumption of Scotch pig having increased, the price has | again advanced, and is firmly maintained. Tin has been more inquired | for, and two or three small parcels of foreign have been taken atan ad- | vanced rate. Spelter continues neglected, although there is a further | diminution in the very small stock.

CaLLow.—Ollicial market letter publi-ked this evening :— ed

Town tallow .... .s0c0cce coccscee ce cocsccccce cee ccovccocccepercwt Si 3 Pek Wt CNG <5 ces sctecew be cremated s lamee oaaeakeeenavese <2 88 PE PAD. cn ob shiks Shon esubieah ad etebemcecceetaemee OS = i POOMNED BIRT oo nscccercentecten 60 60406900 60 cee stere es encshse see » 8 6 POMBE, on0.0 0588004000000 senssess wivimerecensnem Se © | RT cnss kes hash deta sens epics mde eee. aa > Hi GO0d regs. . . corcceceesc covers socsevcccee seoveccecscecsscoccccece 86¢ «=O \}

PROVISIONS: | More doing in bacon and hams. Prices are looking up. The supplies of Irish butter incre sing flee qualities of Cionmel selling at 93s

here, 4th Cork, 82s. Fine Friesland, 88s, Demand good. \| Comparative siatement of Stucks uhd Deliveries. {|

Burrer. Bavon. Stock.

1853 sesssere 4,258 Deliveries,

save 5,080 Rtoo«, 5,402

Delivery. 8475

were ome OED see ree reeeee

BREE cecccecce BLGT coo.cccerce 1,77 sesccccceree 2,243 eves 1,557 I BBES ccccoocce 2,674 ceccserco-co 1,770 sooccescorce 2,708 ceccceccoae 1,045

Arrivals jor the Past Week, | Rees ROMAO ics cas cso ncnisncenses cersnocecconsseescecesenascsnenssmmmsuanicns 8jOMD |

Foreign do. .. subs vobesavensnesconsnve RS BRD iiinciecrricninntininen ns tinue 4s

«11,737

|

SMITHFIELD CATTLE MARKET. \ Monpay, June 4.—Last week’s imports of foreign sto-k into London were moderate,

the total suvply being 1,652 head. In the corresponding week in 1851 we received 3,657; iu 1¥53, 3,693; in 1852, 3,675; in 1851, 2,944; in 1550, 2,490; in 1349, 2,400) and iu 1843, 3,735 head. 5 “"

There was a very moderate show of foreign stock in to-day's market, and its genera: | quality wes inferior. The arrivals of beasta from our own gr»zing districts were rather limited, and there

was a slight falling cff iu their condition. From the fact that a demand has sprung ap | for shipment to France —about 100 beasts having been sold last week for that destina- tion, and about 50 head this morning—the beef trade ruled very brisk at an advance in the prices paid on Monday last of from Gd to 84 per 8 lus. The best Scots sold readily at 58 per 8 lbs, and a good clearance was effected, |

From Norfolk, Suffolk, Evsex, and Cambridgeshire we received 1,700 Scots and Short-

from Ireland (by sea) 11.0 beasts. We were but moderateiy supplied with sheep, in very middling condition. The mut-

ton trade was in a mst exciced state, from the causes to whch we have just alluded, and the currencies were from 8d to 10d per 8 Ibs higher than on this day se’unigt The best old Downs, out of the wool, sold freely at fully 53 Gd per 8 Ibs. |

Lambs were in moderate supply and vrisk inquiry at 6d per 8 Ibs above the rat2s of Monday last. The top figure was 78 4d per & lbs. | We had a ready sale fur calves at 2d per 8 lbs more money. |

SUPPLIES. June 6, 1852.

Beasts ccccccccecce sersscccseeeeseses ove Jane 4, 1855. |

3,670 21,490

June 5, 1854. 4,149

24,590 4,009

24,000 335

DOD cincessstderenecsns ) CRIIOD asinins snatbenesécsenapecsesersse 317 175 PUAN cinciinnyacistsesesen _. O60 320 370.

Fripay, June 8.—The supply of beasts in to-day’s market was tolerably extensive, and the demand for all kinds iuled heavy, at a decline in Monday’s quotations of =

per 8 lbs, We were fairly supplied with sheep, which moved off heavily, at 4a ~ lbs less money. Lambs were exceedingly dull, and 8d per & Ibs lower than on Monday.

In calves very little was doing, at 2d to 4d per # ibs less money.

Per 8 |bs to sink the offals. 6s

eeeree sereee

'

Inferior beasts .rocescccsceses 7h

8 to3 3 310 4 4 2 Prime Coarse-woolled do 4 4 6 |SOULLAGOWNS seossosssecosseeee 4 10 5 4 v 5 4

4

3

Second quality dO ws... 3 Prime large Oxen.e..cercoeee 4 Prime Scots, &C. sccscecsores 4 Large coarsecalves..e. oo 3 1 Prime smal) do sssseccw 0 4 Sucking Calves sero 22 0

8 4 Inferior sheep scccsccsesseee 3

Second quality encep ...... ;

6 Ditto out of the WOOL wee 0 0 2 Large hogs secsccccocccccecee 8 :

d 8 4 8 2 0 0

Sinal] Porkers seescccsssrroes 4 2 4 a

29 «@ = Lad scvsecorerssssssees- sever 5 6 6 8 Quarter Old Pigs seovereeee2h 9 27 0 y Total supply—Beasts. 10,070; sheev, 6,900; caves, 350; pigs, 300. Foreigu supP

{

|

borns, from other parts of Engl:nd 400 of various breeds, from Scutiaud 500 Scots, and

—Beasts, 190; sheep, 200 ; calves, 300,

}

si

: 4 *

| Monpay, June 4.—Since our last report, an active demand has been experienced

1855. } NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL.

for beef, marton, lamb, and veal, the prices of whict, hive advanced fully 2d per & Ibs.

The pork trade, from ths season being over, has ruled dull. The supplies of meat here to-day were very moderite.

Fripay, June 8.—The trade was exceedingly heavy, at drooping prices.

Per 8lbs by the carcase. | eds dj} sdadaé@

Irterior beef .scccocw vor reese 3 Oto3d 2 Matton, inferior seerescsesee 3 2ZtOS ¢

|e. middliNigececceccocesccccce 3 4 3 G6 | — Middling wooed 6 4 4 i Prime large? cecccecse oe 38 8 3 410 | Prime simall seoecerccosssseee 4 0 4 3 8

WD sais arian areas 3 4 4 10 SMA! Pore Loree coree sone 310 44 | pe eee is eiaanigelaadiuasibiaioeaie unin seoeee 8 Od to Gs 4d.

HOP MARKETS. Boroven, Monday, Jane 4.—A good demind for Sissex hops has continued

throughout the vast week, and they are now almost cleared off the market, An ad- vance of from 303 to 403 pr cwt has been realised from the low rates of a week or two since. Yearlings of good quility and colour meet wit) a ready sale at fully the currency of last week.

Friway, June 8.—We continue to have a good demand for Sussex hops, the prices of which hive further advanced. Allother kinds are quite ax dear as last week. Mid and East Kent pockets, 142 to 2.7; Weali of Kent ditto, 13/ 10s to !5/10s; Sussex, 102 108 to 122.

POTATO MARKETS, Sovutuwark Wararsire, Monday, June 4.—During the past week the arrivals

coastwise have been more than equal to ths demand; the trade has been very heavy, and less money has been submitced to for tale or second rate samoles, The following are this day's quotations: —Yorksh're Regents, {103 to 140s; East Lothian ditto, 100s to 1208; Perth, F.fe, Forfarshire ditt», 99+ to 1103; Reds and Cups, 99s to 105s,

TuuRspAy,. June 7.—There was a fair supp'y to-day, with a mode-ate demand at the subjoined quotations :—York Regents, 1203 to 140s: Keat and Essex ditto, 120s to 180s: Scotch ditto. 110+ to 120+; ditto Cups, 10)s to 1103; Middlings, 39s to 9Cs; Blues, 90s to 1003; Lincolns, 100s to 110s per ton,

HAY MARKETS. —Taursp ty. SMITHFIELD.—Fine upland meadowand rye grass bay, '03s to 1053; inferior ditto

60sto 7(8; superior clover, 124s to 126s; infericr ditto, 903 to 95s; straw, 24s to 24s per load of 36 trusses. WuiTECHAPEL.—The supply of hay and straw at this market to-day, was moderate,

with a fair demand. Good hay, from 95s to 110s; inferior ditto, 49s to 903; good clover, 1203 to 1305; inferior ditio, 803 to 100s; straw, 243 to 30s per load.

COAL MARKETS. Mowpay, Jone 4.—Holywell 17s 69—Wytnin 16: 61, Wall’s-end:—Harton 20s—

Heaton 204—Curr's Merthyr 25s. Ships at m«rket, 10; sold, 10. WEoNKsDAY. June 6.—Holywell 18s—Squborwen Merthyr 22s 6d—Wayne's Merthyr

233 6d. ships at market, 21; svld, 17.

LIVERPOOL MARKETS.

WOOL. (From our own Correspondent.»

The market continue: very tim, but the wales have been comparatively limited in consequence of the near approach of the public eale*, which are an- nounced to take place next werk, ‘Trade in the manufacturing districts is

improving, and English wools of the new clip meet with ready sale at full priger.

Faipay NIGar.

METALS. (From our own Correspondent.)

There is again this week an improved feeling in manufactured iron generally, and the recent advance in Staffordshire iron is well maintained. For Welsh iron there has also been more demand, and prices may be considered fully 10s per ton higher from the lowest point. For Scotch pig iron there has been considerable speculative inquiry during the week, and the late advance has been fully supported. Copper and lead con- tinue firm, and for tin plates there has been a fair demand.

Che Gasette.

Friday, June 1. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED.

Reford ana Scan, Belfast, m:llers—Tarr and Langtree, Manchester, photographists —Butler and Marchant, Charch street, Shoredi-ch, licensed victuallers--E. and J

Holt, Leeds, wool merchants—Northey and Weeks. New Quay and Tavistock, Devon- shire, and Calstock, Cornwall, lime burners—Parlane and M’Miilin, Liverpool, sugar refisers—Chase, Cundy, and Ruscoe, Bristol, provision merchants; so far as regards Chase—J. Force, sen, and J. Ford jus., Manchester street, Manchester square, hotel keepers—J. and E, Bagott, Daniey, Worcestershire, clothiers—R. E, and RK. T. Pritchet’, Chambers street, Goodman's fields, and Poultry, City, gun manufactarers— W. and J. A. Birch, Silford, Lancashire, co ton spinners—Doni thorpe and Heaton, Windbill, Yorkshire, woo!combers—F, and A. Pegler, Lime street, City. merchants— Pearson, Alder, and Etridge, Grays, Essex, trickmakers— Marriott, Paley jun., Cassons, and Marriott, Sto kport, Cheshire, manufacturers of cloth; so far as regards Cussons —Hindle and Marsh, Accrington, Lauacashire, cotton manufactarers—Harst and He- mingway, Liversedge, Yorkshire, coal proprietors—Vizard and Parson, Lincola’s inn- tlelds, attorneys—W. Tetley, and W. Tetley, jan., Leeds, iron and brass founders— ‘Thompson and Peter, Great St Helen's, City, merchan's —Howell, Gillett, and Stroud, Regeut street, warchousemen—Macuio, Lewis, and Bohm, Coleman street, City, li- thographers, so far as regar¢s Macuin—Kirk aud Craven, Manchester, engineers’ tool makers—Cope and Tongue, Birmingham, iron bedstead manufacturers—J. G. and V. J. Barton, Oid Broad street, City, metal brokers—I. ard A. Brooks, ard Birehal!, Sonth- ampton row, Russeli square, wa:cumakers—Ramscen and Procter, Lydd, Kect, surgeons.

CERTIFICATES to be granted, unless cause be shown to the contrary on the day of meeting.

June 22, G. Bumpsteaj, Great Yarmouth, grocer—Juna 22. C. K. Witt, New Sarum, Wiltshire, grocer—June 23, E. Logsdon, Hattielt, Herifordsnire, baker—June 23, R. E. Barnes, Sloane street, Chelsea, wine merchant—June 29, J., T., and W. Snibson, Manches‘er, wholesale grocers,—June 21, P. Greenslade, Stoke Canon, Devonshire, farmer—Juiy 9, J. J. Kingdon, Ridgway, Devonshire, saddler —June 28, G. H. Morgan, Hereforg, builder,

DECLARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS.

J. Plimmer, Anchor Breweiy, Chelsea, bre wer—2ad div of Ijd, June 6, and three subsequent Wednesdays, at Lee’s, Alderminbury.

K. Smith, Newcastle street, Strand, licensed victusll-r-!st div of 1s 10d, June6, and three subsequent Wednesdays, at Edwards’s, Sambrook court,

J. Ffouks, Sherborne, Dorsetsuire, brewer—further div of ls 6d, any Tuesd:y or Friday, at Hirtzei’s, Exeter.

R. C. Hopekick, Exeter, perfamer—lst div of Ils 2d, any Tuesday or Friday, at Hirtzei’s, Exeter.

H. Davy, Fordton, Devonshire, linen manufacturer—ist div of 1s 104, any Tues- day or Friday, at Hirtzel’s, Exeter. J. Crosthwiite, Liverpoo!, merchant—3ri div of 4!, Juse 6, and any sub-equent

Wednesday, at Turner’s, Liverpool.

adie emailemail eran eee ee

a

————_—_

THE ECONOMIST.

a TL

a

LL LL

635 J. Clay, Wednesfi-ld, Staffordshire, builder—} Tha enue ee J 2, er—istdiv of ls léd,any Thursday, at

C. Dixon, Gate-head, Durham, draper—lat div on new 7 — Siturday, at Baker's, naheetee tind caver

E. Tregenza, Stockton-on-Tees, Durham, shoe dealer—tst div on new fi Juve 2, and «ny subsequent Satarday. at Baker's. Weweastio-upon-Tyne. — W. Martin, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, joiner—1st div of 45, June 2 beeq Saturday, at Biker's, Newcastle-upoa-Tyne, abi io -

J. Whittaker, Oldham, pudlieao—Lst d.v of Tuesday, at Heraaman’s, Manchester,

H. Hunt, Heaton Norris, paper mauafacturer—2nd diy sequeat Tuesday, at Heroamin’s, Manchester

ti}4, June 5,a0d any subsequent

of G1, June 5, and any sub-

Tuesday, June 5. PARTNERSHIPS VISSOLVED.

Russell, Mellors, and Co., Pernambueo, «nd Mellor-, Russell and Co., Bahia, mer. chants—Mellors aud Russell, Liverpool, merchar.ts— De Pass and Sons, Fivsbury place De Pass, Brothers, and Co., Me bourne. and J. De Pass and Co » Adelaide, manufac. turers; 90 for a: regards 1). De Pass—J. and T. Fisha-, Wolverhampton, woolstaplers, —Hailstone and Coveney, Fleet street and Vauxhall, watervro .fers—W.and Rh. Helsby, Warsiogtou, Lancashire, bu Iders— Macnin, Lewis, and Bohm, Coleman street, litho- Graphers ; so far as regards 7. J Macain—Mortoa aod Srons, Rateltfe highway, li- cense« victuallars—R., J., and W, Grardoes, Livarpool, aud Pantra, Fiiatshire, timber merch ints—Lancaster, Goss, and C»., Old sroad sireet—J. and W. Bryant, Maidstone, linen de pers—Fe'busch and Haines, Wolv rhimpton, cloth ers—Larber and Verity, Braaford, Yorkshire, worst +4 spinners—J. and W. Armstrong, Totnass, drapers—Ken- dal and Mayor, S ainton, harden maoufacurars—M. H. and E. FP. Glover, Camberwell and Patnay. French dyers—Cassinetio and Co.. Kirby street, Hatton garden, looking giass manufacturers—Law'on and Frogat’, Sheffield, az or manufacturers—Paiten and >} Jacobs, Bush lane, commis-ion agents —The pruoretors of the * + uadersfield Chroni- cle;” so far as regards J. J. Skyrme -Lewis and Jones, Chester, j siners. CERIIFICATES to ve granted, unless cause be showa to tae cuutrary on the day of

meetin

June 28, W. Mead, Milk street, Chinenides etemnbeten agent—June 27, W. Crole, the younger, Rood lane, Kas: Incia merch°nt—June 2%, G. Greenfield, Uoper Holio- way, bricklayer—July 2, W. Morgan, Bristol and Bath, potatoe deal-r—July 5, J. G. Fitze, Exeter, bookse!ler—June 27, J. Dixon, Liverpool, e.oper—June 27, A. Gregory, Liverpool, licensed victual'er —Jun+ 27, J. S. Arwidsson, Kingstoa-upon-Hull, ship chandler—June 28, J. All-n, Birmingham, builder.

DECLARATIONS oF DIVIDENDS. L. Benjamin, Princes street, Leicester square, jeweller—Lst div of 1s 8jd, any Tues.

day, at Nicholson's, Basingha.] street. L. Allen, Feterdurough, builder—tiest div of 73 6d, any Tuesday, at Nickolson’s,

Basinghall street. D, M. Maitland, Finchley, draper—second div of 1s8}1, any Taesday, at Nicbolsou's,

Basinghal! street. Hi, T. Bailey, Canterbury, lineodraper—1 st div of 7s 94, any Tuesday, at Nicholson’s,

Basin. hail streer. R. Wuistel!l, Noble s'ree’, warehousemen—first div of 54, on Thursday next, and

three subsequent Tnursdays, at Scan-feid’s, Basinghall street. R. Lee, R. J. Brasssy, F. Fare, and G. Lee, Lonbara stre+t—final div of 1 1-7d, on

Thursday nest, and three subsequent Thursdays, at Sransfeld’s, Basingha!l street E, Taylor, Greenwich, lcensed victualier—first div «f 2s 4d, on Wednesday next,

and three subsequent Wedne-days, at L<e’-, Aldermanbury. M. Parkes, Goiden square, D iter— second div of 2ju,0u Wednesday next, and three

subsequent Wednesdays, at Lee's, Aléermunbury. Greaves aud Whateiy, Fish street bill, leathe:sellers—sixth and fiscal civ of $4, on

Wednesday next, and three sup-equent Wedne-d ys, at Lee's, Aldermanbury. J. Bowler, Cresesnt, Southwark ori¢g: row, hatmanufaccarer —fourth and final div

uf lgd, on Wednesday next, aud three subsequent Weduesdsys, at Lee's, Alderman- bury.

B. N. Dodd, Hetton-le-Ho'e, Durham, grocer—second and final div of 5), (in addi- tion to Js previously ceclare4), any Swturday, at Baker +, Newcastle-npon-Tyne-

J. Frame, Liverpo. 1, stationer—fi st aiv of 830, any Moneay, at Biru's, Liverpoo'. Love and Keys, Liverpool, louk:ug glass manutacturers—third civ of 44d, avy Mon-

day, at Bira'-, Liverpool. H. Rawson, Leeds, cluth merchant—first div of 2s 6d,on the separate estate, any

day, at Young's, Leeds. . O. Willaus, Leed-, cloth merchant—first div of 10d, on the separate estate, at Young’s, eeus,

. > and Son, Allerton, worsted spiuners—frst div of 35 41, ary day at Young's, seeds.

— y and C»., Bradford, stuff merchants—first civ of 7s 6d, avy day, at Young’s, veds.

W. Barker, Wakefield, contractor—second div of 444, on the separate estate, any day, at Young's, L. eds.

J. Lambert, Halitux, timber dealer—first div ¢f 58. any day, at Young’. Leeds. BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED, |

E. Bond, Wharf road, City roat, and Angel terrace, Isiiugton, soda water manufac- turer,

BANKRAUPTS. W. Paxon, Hampstead, auctioneer FE. Butler, York street, Middlesex Hospit.1, and Norwocd, baker. W. souch, Qucen street, Pimlico, liceuse) vierualler. B. Bouch, Ww i'liam’s terrace, Haw'ey read, Kentisn town, licensed victualler. F. P. M*Carty, Bench street, Barbican, metal . ealer. H. Laumann, Futham, boarding house keeper. B. Balfour, Pinner’s hall conrt, Broad sree , underwri'er, DP. and B. Rollason, Bilstone, staffordshire, troumaszers. F. D. Hiorns, Cuventry, ironmonger. G. Stanton Hirmingham, re‘ail brewer. W. Hancock, T+ik-o’-th’-Hill, Statfordshire, bu Ider 2.. H. James, N-wport, Monmouthshire, stoueniasoa. W. Williams, Liverpoul, tailor,

SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. A, Allar, Edinburgh, carnenter. J. Stephenson, Gl«sgow, flesher. J. Petersun, Sheiliny, merchant.

Gazette of last Night SANKRUPICY ANNULLED.

J. Kitching, grocer, Clayton, Bradford. BANKRUPTS3.

J. Harris, potter and brick maker, Oid Sho. Tower Wharf, Commercial road, Lambeth. | D. L. Lewis, merchant, saiter’« bail cvar:, Cannon street, Ciry. | S Dadley, taitor, T.pron, 3 +tfurdstire. | G, F. Jonns'one, otherwise G. Jounstone, drapar, St Ives | H. A. Simon, boarding hoa-e keeper, Alvion road, Wauasworth road. W. J. Nokes, potato salesmen, Spitainet. C. R. Bell, coat merchant, Hounslow, Middle x. C, tianks, blacksmith, East Hanwing icid, Essex. R. Nicholson, stonemason, Liverpoo. W. Parry, tailor and drayer, Newtown. M. Robinson, farmer, Norw:od, T. Davies, ship builder, Ca: disao. T. Lake, grocer, Wakefieid, W. Heardsal!, p'uinber, Manchester.

W. Mellor and D, Norbury, cattie dealers, Chorley and Alderley, Cuester. J. Fisb, manufacturer, Bury, Lancaster.

SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. J. Scrimgeour, cattle dealer, loverness. A. Muore, architect and buider, Glasgow. W. Came on, merchant, Duniee. Yule and Wiike, engineers, Glascow.

| J. Binnie, dealcr in graivu, West Craigs, near Edinburgh. —_—————$—

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1855. | STATEMENT

Of comparative mports, Export 3, and Home Consumption of the folowing article each from Jan. 1 to June 2, 1831-55, showing the Stock on Rance on Juue 2 in

_ FOR THE PORT OF LONDON, Of those articles duty free, the deliveries for exportation are included

guder the head Home Consumption.

East and West Indian rroduce, &c. SUGAR.

ae : “Biock Oe Imported oe Duty paic ee ee ee ee ee |

1854 1855 British Plantation. 185% 1855 1854 1855 tones tons tons tones tons tons

West INFia rccccccccccccccccccccess| 32674 24.608 | 29,159 37,016 | 12,555, 11,592 East India ..+.ccccess -| 16,848 17,:86 | 24,534 16.457 7 23 | 8,173

Mauritius sooceeceereees | 23,901 | 21,310 | 18,027 17,159 | 9,449), 31,858

FOrel gD ,.ccserevenerse rer ansenese oe one ! oes | 15,058 24,248 } woe | ove

jaees 65,104 | 85,878 $4,871 | 29,283) $0,933 ———— eer ee ee eee eee

F Exported =| | Foreign Sugar.

Cheribon, Siam, and Manilla..| 5,482 6,937 447 1,493 | 7.089 7,759

BU AVBUR ccoscsccceascacccnccoccncences | 2.464 4,341 1,462 2,831 | 11,147 { 7,392 Pcrto Rico ° 2,738 | 1,344 25 99 2,845) 1,024

Brazll...++. oeecveese 20 coceee 2,909 817 455 | 540 | 6,939 } 2,559 | ——— eee | eee

13,593 13,439 | 2,389 , 5,063 | 28,0 0 18,734 |

RICE OF SUGARS. —The average prices of Brown or Muscovado ‘Sugar, exc. Ue ite a the duties :— a a

From the British Possessions in America...ss-...0. 22 104 percwh _ Mauritius... . eee -

—_ East Indies

The average price Of the three iS s....seev

~ MOLASSES. Duty pela Wind BERN ccccasscssenseseeneve 1,817 | 2,358

‘Stock : Imported a

2 2.113} 2,845 700 } 3,407

RUM, ~ 4 imported “Exported eS hc eC - —

Steck. Home Consump i.

1854 1855 1854 1855 1854 1855 1854 | 1855 cal gal gal gal gal gal | gal | gal

W Und, 1,033,470 $,344,060 472,869 979,945, 480,870 710,505 754,970. 1,452,780 E.Ind, 69,975 193.950 53,462 220,995) 7,920 16,020 97,155 15" 6% | Foreign 152,775 = 2,389) §=37,520 =100,"80 9,585 4,950 158,075 35.115

_ia 265,320 1,590,396 563,910 1,301,130 493,375 _

COCOA,.—Cwta,

12,869 | 127 $28 1,572 | 3,1°3 £90

5,883 | 4,582

Plant 12,477 | | Poveigt

14,762

eee ee

THE ECONOMIST.

| ee ee ee ee

731,475 1,024.210 1,6 8,839

13,256 8,070 1,156 232 5.77 592 |

637

Che Ratlwapy Monitor. RAILWAY CALLS FOR JUNE.

The railway calis for the month of June, so far as they have yet been announced, amount to 3 15,8921, against 455,190! in the corre- sponding period of last year. ev tullowiag table gives the date, &c., when each call falis due :—

+ a,

Amount per Share. LT i,

“Already paid, Call. sd £ad

0 6

Railways, Date due, Total

RB riAn- re £

hus a coccecccccccccece LP

Lancashire, New 4 per cent., not allotted to Fitths Pro- vrietor. ecccccce eoecccocese SO

eeeteeeeeere oseene one seers A —

eecesccces ces ecocee 64 =O OO soos UNKOR Grand Travk of Canada, A issue... LL soos 15 0 210 @ eee 154,832 Ditt:, Certificates of Debentures,

Nuse 1 and ?....000- 0 := e6enemes wn an 9 O M ..... 10 0 0... Unkwn Great Luxembourg (Con-tin y1 TB © @ ncccce 1 O UO cance 70,890 London & South-Western New 50] 4 4210 9 ., 5 0 © yoo ONhWo

Diito, ditto, New 400 .....6 .. cece 4 io f¢ 4 0 0 ...... unkwn London & Seuth-Western Junction 1 100 £10 O sooo 2,250 Sembie ano Meu-e, 10/ Preference,

issued at 1 dis... cosnpenses So uw 2 OD ann. 3 OP ses utkwn South Wales, 5 per cent,

SUMTADLCOD coerce ces cocecccsscccccsece =f ceccee S§ 6 O reece 4 OO ao 64,00)

Total called Im 1855 ..e-cocccccscsccerecescsere 7,629,487

EPITOME OF RAILWAY NEWS,

CAPITAL AND REVENUR OF RAILWAYS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.—

I otal capital expended on railways in operation was, on the 31st of December, 1854, 279,315,846/, and on the 30th of June, 1854, 272,182,087/, showing an increase of 7,133,759. The interest or divi-

oe d charged against revenue for the half-year ending the 31st of De- cember, 1854, amounted to 5,601,861/, being at the rate of 4/ 0s 2}d

per cent. per annum; and for the half-year ending the 30th of June, Ig54 122/, being at the rate of 3/123 9d, showing an increase 1854, to 5.020,6

in the amount of interest and dividend of 531,239/, or 6s 43d per cent. per ann The interest and dividend charged against the revenue of ra ys in the United Kingdom for the year 1854 amounted to 10,622 483i, being at the rate of 3! 16s 1ljd percent. The ordinary

and the

the rate of capital taking dividend on those lines amounted to 130,120,094/,

dividend thereon for the last half-year to 2,757,856/, or at _-— -— | 4/ 4s 13d per cent. per annum. The ordinary capital not taking dividend

6 ‘ 3,230 8 3,635 69 027 352 ae ! ‘ian Ae dee “6s 10,465 14,441 “ 1,818 13,633 | 14,994 $19,027 | 8,652 | amounted to 18,335,651/, making together 148,455,7451 of ordinary / COFFEE.—Crts. capital, the average dividend being at the rate of 3/ 13s 9d per cent. per

Br.Plant., 2,816 9,958 1,640 948 3,9°6 4,858 4:95 145 1) annur The preference capital amounted to 31,522,610/, and 0° 80 a5 1a2\ 6 ‘ - e {see eat sae <r nate le .

; € eylon ve 92,503 | 64,136 | 54,162 24,801 | 95,187 | 88,123 (126,861 87,557 | the dividend to 707,0721, or 42 93 8jd per cent. per annum. , a — Rea Serres eee Mie anita r the leasec ime ‘ Le 925.718.9635 ¢

|| TotaIBP, 95,049 | 74123 | 55,202. 25,749 | 95,123 | 92,981 | 231,497 Se SE SE a Se NS: BO: DEF ae ncn aah, ae | pan cent cemiiomn! waren the rente for ' half-year to 641,864/, or 5/ Os ld per cent. | 7 - aa aes ee — \ oH “ee 17,934 “8.4 cent. per annum; andthe borrowed money on mortgage, debentures, 1}

rga 26° $ aiv ie 83 | $3 $n¢ 73 ’ ’ - ' ror) . . + tt Seedeines “ "42 _ " oe — ee 1738 | vunted to 73,618,526/, and the half year's interest thereon to Stwmngo 3,81? pao 3 ad 158 | 5 8,132) 6,9 1,508 o’ or 4/ Is Llid per cent. perannum. The gross tr receipts

Hav&PRi 493 2 939 1,12) 3,817 5.233 7.604 5,! for the } year ending D mber 3], 1854, amounted to 10,317,984/, Sab 33! ole "452 10033 | 21764 tae 02 068| ta uk , ‘ ; rite Prager ighache a

Brazil ow. 8,083 21,°74 7,952 © WSS | 21,764 | 16,280 | 12,093 Ie, and the working and other expenses to 4,950,852’, being at the rate of African. 8 22 3y eid 7 3s 13; it.0 = ” ° . ann 34 .

Bg ae val me { a 2 47.98 per cent., and leaving 5,467,132’ for the dividend and interest. On || Total For 21,392 30,655 | 11,853 13,919 | 40,324 34,253 | §%,823' 52,715 | 69 railways, 6,562} miles in length, dividends were paid on the ordinary ||

me | eee | ee ee | ee 1 , Qf - > cinary . ite th lye : { é zl in 1854. The ordi capital on those lines amounted to |} randtl, il6,741 | 104,792 | 70,055 | 39,668 | 139,447 | 331,239 0,:6). 149,91 ey a . : aera ; Gra i “ ; s ¢ 70,05 s 447 7 ’ M ’ 4 . 130,12 14’, the preference ital to 24,577,717/, the mortgage and |!

* ons ons i 3 : sons ons one ms ' 6? 273.9321: tote 7) 74° , a? . ‘ints he

RICE wove | 14,966] 11,327] 2,992 | 3,256 | 9,954 7,769) 32,169 | 6,159 Fe ee ™* ul, 21 Oe ape Se Ween reccipts for the SEPPLK © tans a i i of 1854 amounted to 9,336,039/; sundries, including PEP P E it tons tons | tous tous ton tons ton to eae a - > White cee 102 9% 1 2 98 106 | 123 24 Qai C om last haif-vear, amounted to 651,022 : total, 9,987,9614.

Z1ACH vee eee 931 921 $09 419 | 568 661 | 1,f51 hes? | The work ry expenses a nted 4,412,.445/, the mortgage interest to

| i 1,244,476’, the preference dividends to 570,828/, and the rents and tolls es Pkes Pkes ) Pee Pkus |} ¥?kes Pke ks Phe 536.144! total, 6,812,906/. The dividend on ordinary capital

NUOTMEGS = 1,192 523 } £37 526 | 45 4°0 ' i,6 1,30 ( tad tr, 9 927 REL) } 196 VAC , a Do. Wild 47 1*4 | i2 ’ ea 5 t i to 2,737,856, leaving 436,1 for the next half-y There

Cad. Lid. 1,527 4,355 } j 2.894 623 343 ' 1.053 9 were 22 ys Upon hose ordinary ¢ pital no \ na s paid. The

Crumawons. = 5,571 5,00 4,392 eho bez 591] 3,972 , v ¢ tai on e | $ amounted to 18,335,651/, the preference

— Se | Seen! om od, Ver ainitinisies! | ecianead, Carel to 7,144,893/, and the mortgage and loar 1,244,5942; total bags bags | bags bags bags bags baz bsg® t ’ , and cag i] 1 to 11,244 if; total,

PIMENTO 9,714 15,725 3,495 7,639 1) 2.286 i,894 { 7.474 Tenan «

Raw Materiais, Dye stufts, &e RAILWAY AND MINING SHARS MARK : 2r1a Dyes i és ~ . ~ LONDON

Serons , Seronss cms serousy Serons , Ser s Ser s Sero ae y Ts , 7 a8 Coominmpat.! 2132 7,929 | os oe «=| CO 4576' «6,299, 4,6 7,3 Mi npAY, Juned.—The railway make was well eupported at a further

| a ee ™ I ta 2 al ta ae a ivapce do prices, (bere having been w preponderance of purchuse~ throughout

Chests chests ichests chests | cheats chests |chesta chests | the das. The sehares of the Austratian land and barking companies exhibited

1; AC DYE.| 3,758 1,813 ae eee 2,171 1,969 (14,195 | 15, ) trmane-s, with a limited emount of business, Cry-tal Palace left off 3} to +,

i — eae ome eeprom CD eee Game ul! Cunada Land 119 tu 121. United Mexican shares were eold at a decline, 1} tons tons ) tons tous tons tons | tons tons e qrotation having re ei to 5to 54 || GGGWOOD ss. qo 2,52. | ose . 578 2 | 21 78 ; 7 a z ‘ ° ‘ = woop i, oe" ” | 1,579 2,193 4 8 j UESDAY, June 5.—There was a decline of from 5a to 10- per share in the

FUSTIC ... 507 ee oe «Ct 383 513 | 446 35 rai Way market, sales having been accelerated by the unfavourable reaction re ee - — ~ Copsol-, Lite alterat.ou cecurr: d b the shares of 1 e Australion lend and

ft s .

| - king compa 4 nd prices On the average Were well-u ported, C nada | chests | chest B®, cheste; chest cheats ychests chest ' f off 129 to 192 ee Cc P ola ae : sa

| East India,’ 12,392 | 7,3: oe =| 10,087 | 21,823 ] 24,788 18 ere ae mage ee te 2) Se Seeeenp ie a } | Tee ae te ke i veal ; Cases were higher, Aw advance took p'.ce is National Brez tian trom

ee ene — aa ames <2 a i ‘ , i | serons| serons \serons serons | serors, serons | serona serons , 10 8%, but the final quo'stion was 3 to 3,, 1}

Spanisiieeess| 1,325 | 423 | ove eee 533 1,274 | 2.4.0 O15 WEDNESDAY, June 6 —Tbere was bers notivity in the rilway market, but |/

: 7 ations eXhibited more fiimcpess towards the clo-e Int res of the

SALTPETR! ralian luud and bunkicg companies the operations were bot extensive, and - «in & me Cures Fhowed a alig deciine. Cineda Land let ri19 to 1213

' ; | 6 Crystal Palece, 3h tog. Few tremsuctions took piace in Mining descrip- Nitrate of tons tons | tone ton | tone tons baine — . y* i 5 a be Clo% k pa a I

Potass | 5,853 ) 5,171 | os we =f 3,647 8121 5 10 12 oe: United Sexican c'oved 49 10 53 ; ac Dalat aR a Ea aes DAY, Juue 7.— The raiway market was heavy at the commence ment

Nitrate of | ' | | Usivers, DUL a slight recovery suleequemtly took j é Pie fav yurable dda ove vee 2.122 1,f 5 | ane a 2,1¢0 749 | +7f9 nent Was produced by ih increseed f{ nie of } ciiehh geourtiles.

) ystel Palace closed v2 liming descrip wert extensively

bags bage ; 3 bags. {| bags. Die? b.gs ba : is . : e » anate rmerican... 589 "35 eee oe " 34 oO "6 1 Frtpay, Jane 8.—In railwoy shares ther n h , but quote- Bracil secre ee ia eee ene ofa ! 4 ‘ re tul’y wai mec i, : o'er, ADG Kast India. 27,9 3 4 £0,973 927,947 : ‘ ! » - are still rather adie, 27,9 ¢ 43,6 ous = § £0,976 27,997 dh 6 Counties v i i qu ri etre t Liverpl., all i dean Mans itis selene

SL 0QB secee. ] Weewes 15 } l, 91270! 5€,¢ 42,37 * 24,100 1,039,126) £83, 1°¢ 9 ere N Reape, gq | SERS CO 6 A

i pe er nee Batu Eve i—Mr Tite Las been returncd ajority { Tota’s ..... 1,094,707 .1,1407 ) 725,197 1,057.43! 9666.0 601,449 . ,

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NOISES IN THE for the protection and

30 pages.—An ex-

ct

EAFNESS AND HEAD.-—Free of Charge,

instant relief of the Deaf, a book of .

traordinary ciscovery.—Just published, sent fee by

po-t, to any deaf person writing for it, A sToe TO

EMPIRICISM, «nd exorbitant fees. Sofferers extremely

deaf, by means of this book, pe-manently cure them-

selves, in any distant part of the world, with ut pain or

me of any instrument, Thousands have been restored

to perfect hearing, and for ever rescues from the snares

of the numerous advertising dangerous unqualified

pretenders of the present day. It contains lists. fstait-

ling cures, prblished by Dr F. R. HOGHTON, Member of the London Royal College of Surgeons, May 2nd,

1445, L.A.C., April 20th, 1846, —Consulting Surgeon to

the Institution for the Cure or Deafness, 9 Suffolk

place, Pail Mall, London, where all letters are to be

addressed, Personal consultations every day between

11 and 4 o’clock.—Sufferers deaf 40 «r 50 years, have

their b-aring perfectly restored in half-an-hour wi thout

a moment's inconvenience, Testimonials and certificates

can be seen from all the leading members of the Faculty,

and from the Patients cured,

r sor rea

T EETH—BY HER MAJESTY’S Royal Letters Patent.—Newly invented and pa-

tented application of chemically prepared WHITE IN- DIA RUBBER in the construction of ARTIFICIAL TEETH, Gums, and Palates—MrEPURALM MOSELY, Sole Inventor and Patentee, A new, original, and inva- luab'e invention, consisting in the adaptation, with the most absolute perfection and success, of chemically pre- pared WHITE INDIA RUBBER asa lining to the or- dinary gold or bone frame, The extraordinary rerults of this application may be noted in a few of their most pro- minent features:—Ali sharp edges are avoided, no springs, wires, or fastenirgs ure require’, a greatly in- creased freedom of suction is supplied, « natural elasti- city hitherto unattainable, and a fi, perfected with the most unerring accuracy, is secured, while from the soft- ness and flevibility of the agent employed, the greatest support is given to the adjoining teeth when loose, or

rendered tender bythe absorption of the gums,—To be obtained only at 61 Lower Grosvenor street, London; 22 Gay stree*, Bath; lv Kidon square, Newcastle-upon- Tyne,

. wATTINC , INDICAT [EAE NESS AND DISTRESSING

NOISES in the EARS.~Dr MANFRED, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, has diseovered an in- fallible method of resto ing hearing, alihough persons

may have been quite deaf for 20 or 30 year-, without causin. pain to the most aged or nervous sufferer, Pa- tients are received daily at his residence, 84 Wimpole street, Cave dish square, from ti until4. Thousands of letters and testimonials may be seen from persens cured, This day is published, a B: ok (to be given away) for the Cure of Country Patients only: sent by post to any part. Advice to the poor Mondays and Thursdays, from 6 until &

y 10 . Yn ‘ 4

CI CCESS OF THE ALLIES.— A Public expectation turns to a grand contest, which eve'y one trusts wi!l speedily mark the point of victory, and sheath the sword which has been drawn for the de- fence of Muropean rights. There is no possibility of vic- tory without enterprise, or success without indefitigable industry. The principles true in war are the same in rade, and E. Mose; and Son are fully prepared to show

the victorious results of their enterprises and industry in @ new and magniticent stock of suramer dress.

Theseason tor excursions | In the summer dress de- has been ingeniously and | partment the establish amply provided fur by E. | ments of E. Moses and Son Moses and Son, amongst|are distinguished for all the vast number of Juxuries | that is splendid, novel, and and elegancies in dress| attractive. Their success which they submit to the | is more conspicuous than

ever. ihousands are fur- excursiconists, a garment, ; vished with the most fa- invented and made by them only, called the Emperor's Cape, has attained great celebrity. It is the most elegant, fashi nable, | and convenient article of the seison. Being a woollen | inaterial, thoroughiy water- proof, its utility is at once evitent; its gracefulness, neatness, and lightness, is universally admitted. It | may be folded in so small / a space as to render ir tlhe }

ant article ever |

shionable Litroductions,and thousands have still cho! from the most extensive stock in the world, Juvenile clothing in splen-

did materials, beauty ofde- sign, superiority of work- manship, and economy in price

The allies of this sock of superlative dress are ho- sery goods for lidies and gentleman, of the most stylish order at most rea-

inspection of travellers and |

very

most convenié sonable prices; hats and introduced. Price (piain), | caps of surpassing light- #683 richly trimmed wich Silk, 32a

ness, elegance, aud cheapness

hea hess

Boots and shoes, the | largest stock ever wWit- nessed.

a

Cartiox.—E. Moses and Son beg to state they have no couvection with any other house in or out of London, except their own Establishments as follow:—

Loudon City Establishment.—Corner of the Minories, and Aldgate (opposite the church).

London West-end Branch.—New Oxford street, cor her of Hart street.

Country Branches.—Sheffield and Bradford, Yorkshire Colonial Whojesale Branch.—Melbourne, Australia. The Establishments are closed trom sunset on Fridays

till sunset on Saturdays, when business is resumed iill 4 Oclock,

_ Impoxtant.—Should any article not give savisfaction, it will be exchanged, or if preferred, the money returned, Without hesitation, All goods are marked in plain figures ‘Le lowest price, from which no abatement can be made.

A New Book, with lists of prices, system of seif-inea- Suremeit and other inrormation, may ve had on ay; li- 1, OT post iree,

_ An Illustrated Almanac for 1855 gratis on appiica- tion, or post free, clon parle Franeais,

Hier spricht man Deutch. Qui i parla Italiano, Aqua se habla Espagny

THE ECONOMIST. 639

PRIZE MEDAL.—GOLD CHAINS. AND BROGDEN WATHERSTON

BEG to call the attention of the Public to the FORM of INVOICE which purchased at their Manufactory :—

they deliver with Gold Guard Chains

| Z2)e8] To Workmanship of Pattern Chain, 52 inches long .... ccscccccccccce | | . To (15) carat gol¢, weighing oz dwis gts, at £2 13s 1d per ounce |

a aad ee ci oy Eel Upon this system, the Quality, Weight.

charged according to the intricacy or sim;

and Value of the gold are accurately defined, and guaranteed to the Purchaser: WATUERSTION and BROGDEN looking for a tair remu neration on the workmanship only, which is

ad 3 licity of the Pattern. . WATHERSTON avd BROGDEN, Goldsmiths, CRYSTAL PALACE, SYDENMAM;

No. 16 HENRIETLA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON. and MANUFACTORY,

ESTAKLISHED A.D. 1798. Assays made of Chains and Jewellery for 1s each.

-HUBBUCK’S PATENT WHITE ZINC PAINT, THE PERMANENT WHITE OF THE ANCIENT ARTIST.

HEALTHFUL, DURABLE, ECONOMICAL. HUBBUCK and SON, the original manufacturers of White Zinc Paint on a large scale in this country, are

enabled, by a proces which is patented, t Those direful matadies, paralysis and pat be entirely avoided. poisonous or pernicious property whatever. it. The Powdered White Zine also max

» supply their Pure White Zine Paint at the price of White Lead. iter’s colic, which destroy health and entail suffering and misery, will

Apartments may now be immediately occupied without danger. It is entirely free from any Neither noxious gases, exposure to heat, nor tropical climates act upon

be had for grinding in Oil; for Japanners, for Plaster Decorations, and the other purposes where it is used with Size, Varnish, Spirit, &c.

To be had of the wholesale paint dealers in the original packages as sent ont from the works. ' g I To guard against the substitution of im:tativn Zine Paints, each cask is stamped—“ HUBBUCK. LONDON, PATENT.” and if the cask is not so marked, the reason is obvious A Circular, with fall particulars, may be had of THOMAS HUB- BUCK and SON, the Original Wholes:le Manufacturers in tuis Country, Paint and Varnish works, Upper East Smithfield (opposite the London Docks , London.

“ Hoppuck's PaTent Wuitre Zinc Patyt.—Among other tests to which it has been subjected, has been that of painting the hold of a sugar vessel, which, aft the paint was applied.”—Joun BuLL, Sept. 14, 1450.

r rI0 TOD 1) R KAHN’S MUSEUM,

4 Coventry street, Le cester square.—Open (for gentlemen only) daily, from half-past 11 till 5, and from 7 tillo. A new Series of Lectures Dr Sexton, F.R.G.S , &., at 12, 2, 4, and half-past 7 in the evening. Adinission, One Shilling. A new Cat+logue, containing Lectures on the most interest ng branches of Physiology, by Dr Kaho, i lustrated. Price 6d.

he

r a , ’

| OLLOWAY’S PILLS.— Hiottowsy's Pills have ao extraorvinary effect on

Liver and Stemach Complaints.—Mr Cliuries Wilson, of 39 Princes street, Giasuow, states, letter to Pro- tessor Ho'loway, that he hat sulfered for a long time from a disease ofthe liver and stomech for whi h he could obtain vo relief from the medical profession; therefore, he determined on trying Holioway’s Puil-, at which time he was in a most wretched condinon, burt, humanly speaking, these Pills have sived his life, as he is now restored to perfect health, to the surprise of all who h-d witnessed the state he wes in.

Sold by all vendors of medicine, and at Professer Hol- loway’s Establishment, 244 Straud, Loudov, and 80 Maiden lane, New York.

DE DE JONGIDS

} IGuT BROWN COD LIVER OIL. 4-—This pure and genuine transparent Light Brown

Cod Liver Oil, long known and jusdy appreciated on the Continent, has now sequired the general confidence of

the Medical Profession in this country, by whom it has been extensively and. successfully presersbed, and with almost immediate and remarkably beneficial results— in many instances wh-re ordinary Cod Liver Oil had been copiously, though ineffectually, administered,

Being invariably and carefully subu.itted to chemical analysis—and supplied in sealed bottles, so as to preclude anv subsequent admixture or adulteration—the physician and the patient may alike rely upon a gennine medicine, and, so tar as is possible, anticipate a uniform, regular, and certain resuit.

Sold in bottles, capsuled and labelled with Dr de Jongh’s stamy and siguature, WITHOUT WHICH NONE ARE

GENUINE, by ANSAR, HARFORD, and CU., 775 rand, London, Dr de Jongh’s sole accredited consignees aud agents; and in the couutry by respec'able chemists. Hal!-pints (10 onnces), 2.60; Pints (2u ounces), 43 9d;

Quarts (40 ounces), Ys IMPERIAL MEASURE.

y sO re monrr {DN AM S IMPROVED PATENT

z GRUATS and BARLEY.- The only egisting Patent, and strongly recommended by the Medical Pro- fession.

To Invalids, Mothers, and Famt'ies.—The important object so desirable to be obtained, has at length been secured to the Public, by J. and J. C. ADNAM, Paten- tees, who, after much time and attention, have succeeded by their Improved Process, in producing preparations of the purest and finest quality ever manufactured from the oat and barley.

To enumerae the many advantages derived by the public from the use of the IMPROVEO PATENT GRUATS is not the intention of the Patentees, suffice it to say that, by the proce-s of manufacture, the acidity and unpleasant flavour so generally complained of in other preparations is totally obviated, and very superiur grucl speedily made therefrom. it is particularly re- commended to those of consuinptive ¢ and children; and the healthy an excellent luncheon or supper.

Lhe barley being prepared by a similar process is as pure as can be manutactured, and wil be found to pro- duce alight and nourishing fvod for infants and the aged; to contain all the necess:ry properties for aking a delicious pudding. 1t has a!so the Cistingnishing cha- racter for making very superior Parley W ter, and wiil be found a must excel ent ingredicnt fer thickening soups, &c,

CatTion.—To prevent errors the public are requested to observe that each packave bears the Signature fthe Patentees, J.and J. C. AUNAM.

To be obtained whuvlesale at the manufuct ry, Ma den lane, Queen strvet, London; ard retail in pac kets «nd Canisters at 6d and ts eaca, and in canisters fur famil at 2s, 53, and i0s each, of all respectaole grocers, drug- gists, &c., in town and country.

tity nstitutions, ladies, j ng will fi ; d strong will find it an

| | | |

|

“ra voyage to St Kitt’s and back, is found as white as the first day

Just published, price is, tree by post ls 65 ro ’ ,oOr a”

HYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCHES into the Caures of Nervous Debiluy ana Genito-

Urinary Maladies; Spermatorrhcea rationally considered, with unanswerable Remarks on the empirical manner these Diseases are treated ; being a Guide to Health, Loag Life, aud Happiness.

By MEDICUS. Sherwood, Piper, and Co,, 83 Paternoster row.

[ S | £8 & MA fF — Protected by Royal Letrers Patent of England,

and secured by the seals of the Ecole de Pharmacien de Paris, and the Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIESEMAR, No. 1, is aremedy for Relaxation, Sper-

matorheea, and Exhanstion of the System. TRIESEMAR, No. 2, effectually, in the short space of

Three Days, completely and entirely eradicates all traces of those Disorders which Capiviand Cubebsbave so jong been thought an antidote for, to the ruin of the health ot avast portion of the population. TRIESEMAR, No. 3, is the Great Continental Remedy |

for that class of Disorders, which unfortunately the Eng- lish Physician treats with Mercury to the inevitable de- | struction of the patient’s constitution, and which all the Sarsaparillain the world canoot remove. TRIESEMAK, No. 1, 2, and 3, are alike devoid of

taste or smell, and of al! nauseating qualities. They may lay on the toilet table without their use being suspected,

sold in tin cases at lls each, free by post 2s extra, divided intu separate doses, as administered by Valpeou, Laliemand, Roux, &¢., Kc. To be had wholesale and retail in London of Johnson, 68 Cornhill; Hannay and Co., 63 Oxfora street; and Sanger, 150 Oxtord street R. H. Ingham, druggist, Market street, Manchester Priestley, chemist, ord street, Liverpool ; Winnall, bookseller, High street, Birmingham; and Powell, bookseller, 15 Westmoreland arreet, Dublin,

UN NERVULS ANY ULNEMALIVGE DISLASLS.

New Edition, L!ustratedwith 45 Coloured Engravings and containing the Newly Discovered Preventive Lotion.

Just published, the 70th Thousand, price 2s 64 ina sealed envelope, oi sent by the Author, post paid for 40 postage stamps,

MEDICAL TREATISE ON THE i Causes of Premature Decline in Man, with plain

Keview directions for pertect Restoration. A Medical of every form, cause, and cure of nervous deb potency, loss of mental and physical capacity, whether resalting from youthful abuse, the follies of maturity, the |

addressed to the | effects of climate or infection, &c., sufferer in youth, manhood, and old age; with the Aue thor’s observations on marriage, its duties, and disquali- fications ; the prevention and cure of syphilis, sperma- torrhea, and other urino-genital diseases; as adopted by Desiandes, Lallemand, and Ricord, Surgeons to the | Hospital Venerien, Pans. By J. L. CURTIS, Surgeon, 15 Albemarle street, Piccadilly, London,

With this new and enlarged edition of Manhood, will be given the Author’s prescription of a disinfecting lo- tion for the prevention of ali secret disorders,

At home for Consultation daily from 10 till 3, and 6 to &. REVIEWS OF THE WORK.

“ We agree wit! the uuthor that, so far from works 0 this class Leing objecti

to their circulation; and to strengthen our opinion we need but refer to the recent distressing events at our mili- tary and scholastic academies at Carshalton and Wool- | wich.”—NAVAL AND MILiTaRY GazettE, 4st Feb., 1851.

** We feel no hesitation insaying, that there is nomem- ber of society by whom the book will not ful; whether such person hold the,relation of a parent, @ preceptor, or a clerzyman.”—Sey, Evening Paper.

** Fortunate fur a country would it be did its youth put into practice the philar ic and scientific maxims here laid down. One cause of matrimomal misery might they

be banished trom our land, and the race of the enervate be

nable in the hands of youth, or | Gitliculties being opposed, every facility should be given |

be found use- |

succeeded by a renewal of the hardy, vigurous 3} irits of

the olden time.’’—CukONICLE,

Publizhed by the author: sold also by Sherwood,

Piper, and Co., 25 Paternoster row; Hannay, 63 Oa-

ford street ; Mann, 39 Cornhill, London; Heywood, Oldham street, and Armstrong, 23 Bond street, Man- chester; Howell, 6 ¢ ch street, Liverpool ; Camptell,

136 Argyle strect, Glasgow; Robinson, 11 Greenside street, Edinburgh ; Berry and Co, 159 Great Britein street, Dublin; and by all booksellers amd chemsts ip the United Aingdom.

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QU 'TE FOR __ RUSSIAN BSTITI HEMP

mons of this valnable and che«p material may

yard

| QEFICE FLOORS,

ting and Mats both in Eng

| gete hill, London.

Bo and 35 Exchange, Royal

| | Prince Alber’,

Watches, & guineas; silver lever watches, £6 6s.

’T OC , 10 MEBCHANTS AND SHIPPERS.—The GLENFIELD PATENT

STARCH, vse i in Her Majesty's Laundry.—This 5t urch now brings the highest price in all the Australian, Ca-

madian, and American markets. and has been pronounced

by Her Majesty’s Launcress to be the finest she ever

used. oo

Packed in a very superior manner for immediate ex-

portation. street, Rosert Wornerspoow and Co., 49 Dunlo;

Glasgow. Woruersroos, Mackay, and Co, 60 Queen mreet, Cheapside, |.ondon.

‘S . . _ ’ CHWEPPE’S SODA, POTASS, and MAGNESIA WATERS and Aerateé Lemon-

ade, continue t» be manufactured upon the largest scale st their several «stablishments in London, Liverpool, Bristol, and Derby. The celebrity of these well-known waters, and the preference they universally command, are evidences that their original superior qua ity over all others is well sustained. Every bott'e is protected

{ by & label, with the name of their firm, without which none is geuuine, and it may be had of nearly all respect- able Chemists throughout the Kingdom. Importers of the German Seltzer Waters, direct from the spr ngs, as for the last thirty years.—51 Merners street, London.

DINNEFORD'S . ~

E FLUID MAGN been for years sanctior

most eminent of the Medical Profession, os lent remedy for heartburn, hes.ta and indigesiton. As a mild aperient it

| adapted for Celicate females, particular; } mMancy; and it prevents the food of infants from turning | sour during diesi Combined with the Acidu!ated 1 Lemon Syrup, it forme an effervescing aperient draaght ' j a ;

ESIA pur } has many

excel-

gout,

mirably

acidities,

uring prege

”

which is os eand efficacious Prepared by DINNEFORD and CO, Dispensing

Chemists (and General Agents for the Improved Horse Hair Gloves anid Belts), 172 New Bond street, London, and sold by all respectavle Chemists throughout the

RUPTURES —BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT

|} empire

| pears \ HITE’S MOC-MAIN LEVER | TRUSS is allowed by upwards of 200 Medical | Gentlemen to b ° st effective inventic the cura-

{ERKNIA,

0

tive treatment rhe use of the spiing,

so often hurt n its effects, is here avoited—a sot bandage being worn round the body; while the requisite

resisting power is supplied by the MOC-MAIN PAD ; and PATEN?Y LEVER, fitting with so much ease and

closeness that it can » detected, and worn i { during si-ep. A cescriptive circular 1 id, and Z the Truss (w annot fail to fit) for ed by post, 4 < on the circuses ‘ec of the body two i t w the

\ hips, being sent to the Manufacturer, Mr WHILE, 228 - Piccadilly, L 5

2! . . or Pr a “rove > rT . ; 1} ELASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE * CAPS, &c rV 1 SI ALI VEINS, and all

SWELLING of the LEGS, SPKAINS, cases of

+; W EAKNE*S «nd

{| &. They are porous, light of texture, i inexpensive, { | and are drawn on like an ordinary stocking. Price from | | 7s Gd to los each; postage Gd 1} Manvractory—22s Piccadilly, London.

1; PURLEF Y.—NOW IS THE TIME “ ! to cleanse the t 1 and system of ai! the vile and

morbid humours the body which have accumulated lood ar

f of

Gauring the winter. In the spring the blond of most

persons is thick and heavy with corruption, sluzzish and full of ham-urs, which juentiy break out to the sure face, pro lacing pim » Scabs, blotches, and other vite

f not removed, long periods of sick- Ress en<u ps, death. When the blood is i pure the s; }

such as fevers, diarrt ' tion, headact

bowel comp! nd a host of fatal diseases. POUWNSEND'S

€ to every form of

aS, Cutaneons erupti torpor of the liver, kidneys, 2 4 8} een,

| j ; } ;

distigurements, and, if

; '

i ; OLD DR ints,

| JAC OB AMERICAN SARSAPA- | RILLA will at once obviate all these difficulties, and

, | save offen moutis of sict and a large bill of expense, at the oust w sh rs only. t is the safe, cer-

system, corrects the s

wels, tones uy th, vigour, a1

The put lic

ne genuir Towns

hand t

——————

LAX. &c—For SALE, Her Ma esty's

Royal Letters Patent for the Manufacture : Rope. Bagging, Cordage, Paper, Cardboard, and textile fabrics, from the stalks or fibres of the hop plant. Speci-

be seen,

and further particulars obtained, on inquiry of the paten- tee, T. G. Taylor, steam sharebroker, 10a King’s Arms

STONE Passages, Damp Rooms, and all places where the

‘wear and tear i« great, should be covered with TRE-

LOAR’S COCOA-NUT FIBRE MATTING, which

combines the mst extraordinary durability with the

comfort and neatness of a carpet. Prize Meda! for Mat- riand and America, awarded to

T. TRELOAR, Cocoa-nut Fibre Manufacturer, 42 Lud-

DENT. 61 STRAND, AND_ 34 Chronometer, Watch

| and Clock Maker, by appointment to the Queen and sole successor to the late E. J. Dent in

| all his patent rights and business at the above shops, and

| the Ciock and Compass factory at Somerset whar';

| maker of chronometera, watches, astronomical, turret,

| and other clocks, dipleidoscopes, and patent chips’ com-

passes, used on board Her Majesty's yacht. Ladies gold gentlemen's, 10 guineas; strong

THE ECONOMIST.

CT GEORGE ADVANCE FUND ASSOCIATION.

“MONEY ADVANCES on the MUTUAL SYSTEM. . Loans from £50 to £1,000 on adequate security of any

description, repayable by monthly or quarterly instal-

| ments, extending over any period not exceeding five

years, are made by the St George Advance Fand Asso-

ciation, 118 Pall Mall. Scale of monthly repaymen's of

£60, including principal and interest, and a share in the

profits :—For three years, £2 03 4d; four years, £1 128

five years, £1 7s. Rules 6d each, or by post ls.

: FREDERIC H. GILBART, Manager. ~ , r y y

ST JOHN D'EL_REY MINING & COMPANY. Notice is hereby given, that the Twenty-Sixth Half-

Yearly Dividend, being Two Pounds per share free of income tax on the shares of this Company, will be pay-

able at this office, on Fatpay the |5th day of June, and

| every succeeding day, Saturdays excepted, between the hours of 10 and 4.

Forms for claiming the Dividend may be obtained at the Company's office, and must be left with the coupons

| three cleardays for examination previous to payment. JOHN HOCKIN, Secretary.

8 Tokenhouse vard, Lothbur;, June 8, 1455.

y , _ 7 ,

(; REAT LUXEMBOURG COMPANY. J —The Board of Directors of this Company have the

pleasure to inform the Shareholders, that the law for ex- tending the time allowed for the completion of the Line has received the sanction of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives and of the Senate, and that conse- quently the Proprietors are relieved from the state of forfeiture under which their property has been placed since the Ist January last —By order of the Board,

THOMAS COXHEAD, Secretary. No. 2 Royal Exchange bnildings, London,

5th June, 1855.

| ‘ nr vn Ty “ “ tr

4 REAT LUXEMBOURG COMPANY, T —Notice is hereby given, that a CALL of €1 per

| Share on the Shares in this Company beeame due and payable on the Ist June inst, and that unless tne same be paid within one month from that date, the said Shares are liable to forfeiture, according to the statutes, without

| further notice. The Shareholders ara informed that the Offices of the

Company are about to be removed to Gresham house, Brad street, and it would be convenient if holders who have paid their Call wou'd be good enough to send for their Shares within the prescribed time noted on the receipt for delivery of same. —By order of the Board,

| THOMAS COXHEAD, Secretary. | No, 2 Royal Exchange buildings, London,

5th June, 1855

? TO ‘ r ,

| INCOLNSHIRE CROWN LANDS. 4-Sundry valuable FREEHOLD ESTATES. belong-

ingto Her Majesty, prine pi lly tithe free, land t-x re- deemed, conta ning together about 8 es of highly

productive Arabie and Warped Lands and rich and sound Grazing Land of excellent quality, the whole in the

} county of Lincoln, comprising detached portions of the Woaplode and Moulton Estates. eligibiy situ ste near the Market Towns of Spalting, Holbeach, and Boston; the Cowbit and Weston Estate-<, and portions of the Deeping Estates, situate near the Marke: ‘Towns of Spalding, Market Deeping, and Stamford; and also portions of the tLpworth Estates (Isle of Axholme), eligible situate near

the Market Towns of Epworth, Doncaster, and Gains- borough, possessi n to be given on tue 10th of October next.

Messrs DRIVER have been honoured with instruc- tions from the Hoa, Charles Gore, the Commissioner in

| cha ge of Her Majesty's Land Revenues. and under the | authority of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's | Treasury, to offer to AUCTION. at the White Hurt | hotel, town of Spalding, on TUESDAY, the 3rd day of | July next, and the Court house town of Epworth, on | THURSDAY, the 5th day of July next, at ONE for rW oclock prec sely, at each place, in lots, the follow- ing very valuable FKEEHOLD ESVATES, bel nging to Her Majesty, principaily land tax redeemed and tithe free. compri-ing in the whole ab ut 850 acres, lying d s-

persed over the county of Lincoln, and being in the neighbourhood of important market towns of Spalding. Boston, IT lbeach, Epworth, and Gainsborough, are remark»bly well situate as accommodation lands,

|} THE WHAPLODE AND MOULTON ESTATES, comprising about 520 acres of sundry detached parce!s ofhighly productive arable and rich grazing land, held on L-ase by J. W. Childers, Esq , whose term wi on the 10th of October next.

lots may then be had. They are s tu:te in the | Whaplode, Moulton, Holbeach, Weston, Cownit,

Spaldinz, Fosdyke, Ki: ton, and Algarkirk. } THE COWBIT AND WrstoN ESTATES contain about 55 acres of detached parcels of high y pro-

ductive arable, rich and sound grazing lan‘, let to Mrs

Ridiington, who is under notice to quit on the !0th of | Oct ber next. Possession of these lands may then be

hed. They are situate in the parishes of Cowbit and Weston.

wv” ar

the

Possession of the various

rishes ‘ ot

THE EPWORTH ESTATES contain about 215 acres of detached parcels of highly productive land, et present hela on lease by Thomas Lightfoot, Esq., whose term will expire on the 10th of Uctober next, When possession may be had. They are situate in the parishes of Epworth, Owston, Haxcy, and Althorpe. .

THE DEEPING ESTATE, containing about 70 acres of sundry detached parcels of |

highly productive land, lately held on lease by the Hon. C. B. Perey. Possession may be had on the 0th cay of October next. ‘They are situate in the parishes of Market Deeping, Baston, Ta lington, Uffington, Caswick, and Langtoft.

Printed particulars with plans are in course of pre- paration, and may shortly be had at the places of sale, at the principal inns in the neighbourhood, at the

} Auction Mart, London. Inthe meantime, further parti- ; cclars may be bad at the office of Her Mojesty’s Woods,

Fores 8, and Land Revenu:s, Whitehali place; of Horace Wats n, E-q., solicitor, office of Woods, No. 1 Whitehail place; of John Clutton, ksq., Crown receiver, 8 White- hall place ; and of Messrs Driver, surveyors, land agents and auctioneers, 4 Whitehal, London.

Te

———— 8 S50—_—00808080808»N——— se—T——ocorw—oeo

sn SS SSS SS a

leapire |

{June 9, 1855.

(HESTE R AND HOLYHEAD AILWAY.—Loans on Debentures.—The Direc tors of the Chester and Holyhead Railway are prepared to receive TENDERS of LOANS on DEBENTURES, to replace an amount falling due. Applications to be addressed to the Secretary, at the Company's offices, Chester.—By order, KOBERT 5. MANSEL, Sec.

Chester, April 20, 1855. T7; ral 7 ‘ a

\yAr ANZAS AND SABANITLLA i RAILROAD SEVEN PER CENT. BONDS.—The Half-yearly INTEREST on the above Bonds, due on the 15th inst., wil! be PAID at the Counting-house of Messrs J. Henry Schréder and Co., No, 145 Leadenhall street, on that day and every succeeding day, between the hours of 11 and 2, The coupons, with a list in numerica! order, must be left two clear days previously for examination, and printed forms may be had on ap- plication as above.

London, June 1, 1855.

rT. ‘ Ty _

\ ATANZAS AND SABINILLA 4 RAILWAY COMPANY.—I, the undersigned, public notary, of the city of London, do hereby certify to whom it may concern, thatthe following 140 BONDS (seven per cent.) of the above Company, each dated May 1, 1853, and each for the sum of £100 steriing, were this day CANCELLED in my presence, at the office of Messrs #. Henry Schrider and Co., at 145 Leadenhall street, in this city, the agents of the said Company in London, namely—

No. No. No. No. No. No, 467- 828 856 879 902 1,357 458 829 857 #80 993 1.358 469 830 8548 Sa! 904 1,359 470 831 859 882 906 1,346 412 $52 shu 83 96 1,361 513 835 861 884 907 1,*62 564 834 862 885 908 1,353 585 839 ROS 386 9U9 1,364

565 $40 864 887 910 1,345

567 S41 855 S88 911 1,596 558 842 db6 839 9i2 1,597 569 $45 807 RgO0 913 1,598 570 S44 855 ROL 91t 1,599 571 845 869 $92 915 1,600 532 8i6 870 893 O16 Lot 573 847 t71 804 oi? 1,602 & 0 88 872 POD ols 1,603 $2] 819 875 #95 919 1,¢ 04 ee? £59 a7v4 ROT G90 1,605

#23 851 R75 89% gel 1,606 R24 $52 8745 899 924% 1,67

$25 853 a77 909 933 1,406 $26 85: 878 901 1,355 1,609 827 855

Amounting in the whole to the sum of Fourteen Thousand Pounds Sterling, as I do attest under my notarial firm and seai to serve and avail where need may require. SALEM C. HARRIS, Notary Public.

London, the 51-t day of May, 1-55.

\ EDICAL REFORM MOVEMENT. iV —sufferers from indigestion and tranof kindred disord-rs, are invited to send their address to the Secre- tary of the Nottingham Medical Reform Association, who will forward by return of post the sieguliriy suc-

cessful Botanic inedy recently discovered by Profes,or Webster, (son of the distinguished Statesman,) of Phila- delphia, and communicated to» the Suciety by that emi- neut Botanist. The excraordinary benefits already de:ived from this remety inthe midland counties, and in almost every case where it has been tried, has induced

> Ae

the Society to adopt this method as the best means of iinmediate and gen publicity, and they wish it to be frankly and @istinctiy understood, that they wili not, in any case, or under ¢ i umstances wh .tever, accept

any coutribution, fee, or gratuity, for this recipe. the ohject of the Society being todemonstrate the superiority

of the Botanic over every other Practice uf Medicine, aud in return only desire thit thos- who may be signally benefited by it, wil: afterwards snd to the Society a Statement of the case, and thus aid with facts in a -cele-

rating the present movement in favour of Medical Retorm Direc: t —the Secretary of the Botanic Tustitute, lounds Gate, Nottingnam,—enclosiog an envel ;pe ad- dressed to vourselt

GLENNY’S BALBR : A SLOCKINGS and SUCKS are

nacre lLG@GAN

5 1

Balbriggan (Ireland), and for elasti inanufactured fi

ity and exquisite soitiess of texture surpass every other manufacture; they

combins the beauty o/ silk with the durability of © tton and more than its comtort, being incouceivauly pleasant to wear

CAU LION.—Whereas there are parties in London sell+ ing an article pur,orting to be the same as G y's Balbriggan Scoc g,the public are respectfully intor.ned they can only be pr ed at (62 Stracd, and the manue

facturer, C. GLENNY, 53 Lombard street, City

(; LENNY’S BALBRIGGAN J WOSIERY,patronised by Her Most Gracious Majesty

the Queen, and the chiet nobility of Ingland, Ireland, and Scotland. Awarded:—The Great Exhibition Pr Med il, 1851; the Royal Dublin Society’s Gold Metal, 1250; the Royal Dublin Socic Silver Medal, 1847; the Royal Dublin Society's Medal, 1544. Sold only by the manu/actu er C. SNY, at Baloriggan house, 33 Lombard street, City; and by Thresher and Glenny, 152 Strand.

jeROM FRANCE, GERMANY, or in ENGLAND, the best Manufacturing Talent

is obtained an lowing

fhe EMPEROR'S of the season

i employed in the cumstraction of tue lols rr: — ig:

RE rment new gar DINGOTE, thet g

NICOLL’S PALETOT, One and Two Guineas each. The ALLIED SLEEVE CAPE, One Guinea, Water

proof, yet Evaporable. ; NICOLL'S GUINEA TROUSERS and HALF-

GUINEA WAIsS?r OAIS. Estima‘es fo M rarv and other Ourfits s ¢ cratis

its fth ) ! : ents |

hat they may Varladiy ; ss, H. J. and D. NICOL Uy eet, aod in the City, 22 Coruhu

——$—$$——_— TS

———_—_ i,

‘