THE DUAL-PURPOSE PLAYBOOK - PIM Wisdom Window

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Vol.9, Issue 4, April 2019

Corporations are being pushed to dial down their single-minded pursuit of financial gain and pay

closer attention to their impact on employees, customers, communities, and the environment. But

changing an organization’s DNA may require upending the existing business model and lowering

profitability, at least in the short term. The authors’ (Julie Battilana et al.) research suggests that

successful dual-purpose companies build a commitment to creating both economic and social value

into their core activities. This approach, which they call hybrid organizing, includes setting and

monitoring social goals alongside financial ones; structuring the organization to support both; hiring

and mobilizing employees to embrace them; and practicing dual-minded leadership.

INSIDE THE ISSUE

Thought Window

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Article Window Leading Journals Window

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- Page 02 - Page 03-06 - Page 07-11 - 2-16 - Page 17--19 - Page 20-21 - Page 22

THE DUAL-PURPOSE PLAYBOOK

THE PROBLEM Corporations are being pushed to dial down their single-minded pursuit of financial gain and pay closer attention to their impact on society. But how can a company balance the two?

THE RESEARCH The authors have studied companies around the globe that pursuer financial and social goals simultaneously. They find that the successful ones build a commitment to both economic and social value into their core organizational activities.

THE SOLUTION Companies that want to do well and do good should focus on four key management practices: setting and monitoring dual goals; structuring the organization to support both goals; hiring and socializing employees to embrace them; and practicing dual-minded leadership.

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Country needs collective of scholars, intellectuals -

President President Maithripala Sirisena yesterday inaugurated

the Innovate Sri Lanka 2019 exhibition to mark the

60th anniversary of the Jayawardenapura University,

at the BMICH premises. Picture shows the President

and University Vice Chancellor Professor Sampath. The intervention of scholars and intellectuals is a

priority need more than the functions of politicians

in overcoming the economic and social challenges

facing the country, President Maithripala Sirisena

said.

"As such, a collective of scholars and intellectuals is required by the country to overcome challenges facing

the nation," the President said, when he opened the “Innovate Sri Lanka 2019’ Exhibition at the BMICH

Colombo yesterday. The Exhibition organised by the University Council for innovation, intervention and venture creation to mark

the 60th anniversary of the Sri Jayewardenepura University will continue today (April 3).

Postgraduate Institute of Management inaugurates

MBA 6th batch in UAE

The Postgraduate Institute of Management

(PIM), the nations’ management mentor,

created another milestone by inaugurating

the sixth batch of MBA students in the

United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Sri Lanka Consul General in the UAE Charitha Yattagoda was the chief guest. He appreciated the yeomen

service rendered by the PIM in reaching out to the deserving Sri Lankan professionals in the Middle East in

offering the most prestigious MBA in Sri Lanka.

PIM Director Prof. Ajantha Dharmasiri addressing the gathering stated the committed strategic plan execution

of PIM resulting in having vibrant study groups not only in the UAE but also in Qatar, Oman, Kuwait and

Bangladesh as well.

He emphasised the pioneering role played by the PIM during the past 30 years in producing over 3000 CEOS

and over 3000 senior managers. The dynamic members of the PIM Alumni UAE chapter led by Kusal

Nanayakkara played a pivotal role in arranging this impactful inauguration. ……………

April 03, 2019

April 05, 2019

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PIMA alumni demystify digital risk myopia on

digital disruption in financial services Organising committee

‘Demystifying Risk Myopia in Digital

Disruption in Financial Services’ was

organised as a part of the Continuous

Professional Development (CPD) Program

of PIMA’s event calendar.

PIMA has been actively involved in various academic/professional development programs and carrying out

social activities, over the past two decades. This program on ‘Demystifying Risk Myopia in Digital Disruption

in Financial Services focused mainly on reducing or eliminating the gap in risk management. The event was

well attended with a full house, from disciplines such as risk management, finance and audit in the sectors

banking and finance, as well as the top corporate leaders (both PIMA and non PIMA).

This event was held at Hotel Kingsbury, Colombo. The forum featured two keynotes by Hatton National Bank

Deputy General Manager – Risk and Chief Risk Officer Damith Pallewatte and CICRA Holdings Group

Director and CEO Boshan Dayaratne respectively.

The duo joined Commercial Bank Chief Operating Officer and Executive Director Sanath Manatunge and

Dialog Axiata Plc Digital Services Vice President Fariq Cader for a panel discussion moderated by Daily FT

Editor Nisthar Cassim. Industry insights shared by the keynote speakers, followed by the interactive panel

discussions with experts in the industry, added much value to the evening which ended up with fellowship and

cocktails. …………………..

Gayani De Alwis re-elected CILT Chairperson The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT) Sri Lanka, held its 35th Annual General Meeting

(AGM) on March 29, 2019, at the Victorian of the Kingsbury Hotel, attended by an impressive gathering of

its members. Gayani de Alwis CMILT, was re-elected uncontested for a second term as the Chairperson of

CILT. The three Vice Chairpersons who were re-elected were Dr Namalie Sirisoma CMILT, Channaka de

Alwis CMILT and Gihan Jayasinghe CMILT. Chaminda Perera CMILT, was elected as the General

Secretary, while Upali Gunawardena FCILT, was re-elected as Treasurer.

Gayani de Alwis is an experienced supply chain professional with over two decades of experience in the

profession, locally and overseas. She was the former Director of Customer Service of Unilever Sri Lanka Ltd.

She was the founding Chairperson of Women in Logistics and Transport (WiLAT) and is also the Global Vice

Chairperson of WiLAT South Asia. She has been an active Chartered member of CILT Council since 2011.

Gayani de Alwis, CMILT (Chairperson), Chaminda Perera,

CMILT (Secretary), Upali Gunawardena, FCILT ( Treasurer)

and Vasantha Dias (Secretary General)

April 01, 2019

April 04, 2019

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CIPM Prof. Ajantha Dharmasiri’s address in Fiji

wins accolades

CIPM Sri Lanka Immediate Past President Prof. Ajantha Dharmasiri’s

speech on ‘Aging population and its impact on the organisation’ which

he delivered at the Executive Forum organised by the Fiji Institute

of Human Resources on 15 March was well received with accolades

from the participants. The Executive Forum was held in conjunction

with the Asia Pacific Federation of Human Resource Management (APFHRM) meeting held in Nadi, Republic of Fiji. CIPM Sri Lanka PresidentDhammika Fernando, who is the Vice President of the APFHRM, was also present at the event. “An aging population can make a significant impact on an organisation and its plans. This is an inescapable fact and needs to be taken into consideration when organisations embark on their strategic planning initiatives. All areas of an organisation will potentially be impacted in the time to come if HR alternatives and decisions are not made in a timely manner in facing the phenomenon of aging population,” said Prof. Dharmasiri. Prof. Ajantha’s well researched speech focused on demographics and statistics of an aging population and the changing dynamics which impacts organisations as well as the environmental and economic aspects of this phenomenon. Prof. Ajantha has been invited to address the members of the Organisation of Professional Associations (OPA) at the OPA Auditorium on Thursday 25 April on the topic of ‘Aging population and its impact on the organisation’. …………………….

April 12, 2019

April 10, 2019

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Public officers visit Indonesian Department of

Industry with PIM

Participants at the Department of Industry and Trade

The Postgraduate Institute of Management (PIM) conducted its sixth international management program in

Indonesia with its number one ranked university, Universitas Gadjah Mada (MMUGM). The program

revolved around ‘Strategic Management’.

The participants while learning the conceptual aspects of strategic management in the lecture room sessions

were also brought into contact with public and private sector management experts in Indonesia. The

participants were addressed by senior officials at the Jakarta Smart City, Department of Industry and Trade in

Sleman Government, Ghratama Pustaka Yogyakarta and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. The exposure to the

Department of Industry and Trade in Sleman Government was unique, where the strategic planning and

implementation process at a region level was discussed in detail. The program was in line with PIM’s strategic

partnership building, initiated by PIM Director Prof. Ajantha S. Dharmasiri. The program in its entirety was

coordinated by PIM Faculty Member and Management Consultant Dilhan V. Goonetilleke.

Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport Sri

Lanka holds its 35th agm The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT) Sri Lanka held its 35thAnnual General Meeting

(AGM) on March 29 at the Victorian of Kingsbury Hotel attended by a large gathering of their members.

Gayani de Alwis CMILT was re-elected uncontested for a second term as the chairperson of CILT. The three

Vice chairpersons who were reelected were Dr Namalie Sirisoma CMILT, Channaka de Alwis CMILT and

Gihan Jayasinghe CMILT. Chaminda Perera CMILT elected as the Hon. General Secretary and Upali

Gunawardena FCILT was re-elected as the Hon. Treasurer.

44 new and upgraded members were inducted after the AGM proceedings were over. Capt Rohith Fernando

was inducted as a fellow member. EFL was inducted as a Gold Corporate Partner.

CILT is a leading global professional body associated with the logistics and transport industry. The Institute

holds unparalleled international recognition and works towards achieving its objectives of promoting and

encouraging the art and science of logistics and transport through its membership and its educational

qualifications. With a global membership of over 35,000 from 35 countries across the globe, CILT provides a

professional identity to those in the ever expanding logistics and transport sector. It is a strong, active and a

unified professional association that is able to speak with authority on strategic issues affecting businesses and

people in the industry and support their careers.

unified professional association that is able to speak with authority on strategic issues affecting businesses and

people in the industry and support their careers.

April 18, 2019

April 20, 2019

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Exalting People Professionals: Explore, Expand

and Excel

Handing over the hosting of

World HR Congress 2020 to

Prof. Ajantha Dharmasiri representing

CIPM, Sri Lanka, in Chicago, by WFPMA

former President Peter Wilson from

Australia and current President Leyla

Nascimento from Brazil

The most premier HR event in the world

will come to Colombo in 2020. It will bring

prestige to the pearl of the Indian Ocean. We have selected a simply significant theme with

wide-ranging implications ‘Exalting People Professionals: Explore, Expand and Excel’.

Today’s column is a look at the prospects to Sri Lanka in hosting such a premier event,

with multi-faceted benefits.

Overview Exalting is all about promoting, elevating, acclaiming, or strengthening. In exalting people professionals, what

we want to showcase is the lasting value of the most precious resource in any organisation. It is an invitation

to all people managers to explore the fascinating facets of human resource management. It in turn will invite

them to expand their knowledge, skills and attitudes. In doing so, they will exceed performance expectations

in exceling themselves.

The main overarching theme was carefully selected also to incorporate global, regional and local best

practices. One’s best practice can be someone else’s next practice. The Chartered Institute of Personnel

Management (CIPM) Sri Lanka is geared to generate a memorable mega event in showcasing what talented

Sri Lankans can offer to the world.

The steering committee with CIPM President Dhammika Fernando being the chairman and me, the immediate

past president, being the deputy-chairman, are making steady progress in making a lofty dream a lasting

reality.

It is an opportunity not only for HR managers but all ‘people professionals’ to sharpen their skills and to

upgrade themselves with cutting-edge knowledge. In an era where rapid change is the only unchanged reality,

the World HR Congress will be an oasis for knowledge-thirsty managers who handle people, deal with people

and get work done through people.

World HR Congress and WPFMA World HR Congress is initiated by the World Federation of People Management Associations (WFPMA).

Reflecting its international origins and concerns, the meeting location moves among its member countries.

The World Congress has been held since 1986 in twelve different countries. ……………………….

April 04,2019

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Poignant pondering on a patriarch

By Prof.Ajantha Dharmasiri

Almost five months have gone. It is with a profound sense of sadness that we experienced the demise of our

veteran teacher, respected author, legal luminary, an accomplished ambassador, an eminent public servant and

an amazing human being, Dr. Wickrema Weerasooria.

He was a patriarch for the Postgraduate Institute of Management (PIM), passionately involving in multiple

fronts for the progress of it during the past two decades, as a longstanding member of the Board of

Management, Board of Study and the Faculty. This column attempts to capture his invaluable contribution,

both intellectually and interactively to the country in general and to the PIM in specific.

Overview

“Silently, one by one, in the infinite meadows of heaven,

Blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels.”

- Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline: A Tale of Acadie

As the above stated quote from Longfellow highlights, great men and women on earth fade to this world and

‘blossom in heaven’. We witness the untimely demise of late Prof. Uditha Liyanage, the legendary marketing

guru of Sri Lanka. Then the sought-after Economics scholar of Sri Lanka Dr. Saman Kelegama. Now, PIM

misses another great giant of it, in fact, one of its patriarchs.

The word patriarch is typically associated with a caring fatherly figure. Dr. Wickrema Weerasooria was

exactly such for us. He was the mentor for late Prof. Uditha Liyanage, who indeed was my mentor. Let me

sincerely share some glimpses of the prolific performance of Dr. Weerasooria, in adding vital value to PIM. I

prefer to use five Ps, namely provider, producer, proposer, protector and preventer.

He was a provider for us

Dr. Weerasooria provided his rare knowledge in the realms of business law. Having authored over 20 books

including the seminal legal publication in Australia, we were so privileged to be partners of his wonderful

knowledge sharing process. There were always bouquets and never a brickbat with regards to his teaching

contribution.

I have seen his vibrancy as a speaker standing tall behind the podium with stature and stamina in capturing a

student audience for hours. I have also seen him coming with a stick and feebly confining to a chair, still with

the amazing capability of captivating the crowd with solid learning filled with personal experiences and

prolific humour. He was such a passionate learning provider for all of us at PIM.

He was a producer for us

I recall with gratitude the immense contribution of him in producing the amended PIM ordinance. The first

ordinance that came into effect in 1986 paved way for the creation of the one and only premier postgraduate

entity dedicated to management in Sri Lanka. As time passed by, we observed some aspects of our ordinance

that needed to be revised based on changing times. One such key area was the composition of the board of

management that comprised of 20 members. …………………

April 04, 2019

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Ven. Rahula’s Sathyodaya: Let truth be

awakened in top leaders and CEB people

Two events bearing on each other

Two events that had no direct connection to each other but could have a bearing took

place in Sri Lanka last week. One was the AFP report about an unconventional method

used by the country’s power producer, Ceylon Electricity Board or CEB, to solve the

ongoing power crisis in the country. The other was the release of the English translation

of Ven. Walpola Rahula’s 1932 book, Sathyodaya, in Colombo.

CEB’s plead for mercy of rain gods

According to AFP report, after failing to stimulate rains via seeding the clouds, CEB is said to have resorted

to invoking the mercy of ‘Rain Gods’ to deliver rains to catchment areas. If Gods had answered its call, it

could have produced at most a quarter of the power needed by the country through hydropower generation.

The strategy adopted by CEB to invoke God’s mercy has been simple. Take some precious scarce water from

reservoirs feeding the power plants, take that supposed to be holy water in a motorcade to be seen by all to

Anuradhapura and make an offering to the Sacred Sri Maha Bodhi in what was called ‘Pen Puja’ or Sacred

Water-Offering Ritual.

This is an instance of human emotions and fears giving way to their rational side when faced with unsolvable

problems. But, this is not the first time the Homo sapiens or Man the Wise had sought the assistance of

supernatural powers to provide solutions to its mundane issues. They had done so on innumerable occasions

in the past as documented by Oxford Historian Yuval Noah Harari in Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind,

published in 2011. The modus operandi has been to project them as virtuous people worthy of being supported

by these divine powers.

But, Bhagawat Geeta, a sacred Hindu text, has warned those mortal humans seeking divine assistance. It has

said that ‘God does not reward the virtuous nor does he punish the wicked’. What it means is that both

rewards and punishments are in the human plane to be handled by humans and not by divine powers.

Animals don’t seek refuge of supernatural powers

The difference between animals and humans is that animals do not seek the support of divine powers to

resolve their problems.

They have an inbuilt genetic code that would guide them in such instances. There were enough stories that

when Asian tsunami hit the shores of Sri Lanka in 2004 that animals had fled to safe places before even

humans could think so. Over the years of evolution, humans have deactivated that genetic code and as a result,

have to place themselves at the mercy of supernatural powers when they are faced with mundane problems.

These emotional fears of humans, passed from generation to generation, have been deeply ingrained in their

psyche making it easy to trigger fears compared to building confidence in them. It also has provided a golden

opportunity for crafty people to exploit such fears in fellow humans for their own benefits. ……………….

That solution is to give them a talisman that would protect them from the malefic effects. The king, advised

Kautilya, can produce this talisman and sell it at his own price thereby bringing additional revenue to royal

coffers.

April 01, 2019

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USJ does it: Bold attempt at combining innovation

with art By W.A.Wijewardena

Relying on manpower or divine powers?

The University of Sri Jayewardenepura or USJ, celebrating its

60th Anniversary as a recognised university this year, had hosted

two main events to mark it. One involved in kicking-off of USJ’s

long-term vision of becoming the University of Innovation,

tag-lined ‘Innovate Sri Lanka’. The other was the staging of

the in-house produced performingart in the style of a musical

titled ‘Sandesavali Kavinaluwa’. This was a dramatic recreation

of five different Sandesa Kavyas or poetical works using birds

as messengers to plead with guardian deities for boons. These five Sandesas belonged to the

Jayewardenepura-Kotte period of Sri Lanka’s history when Parakramabahu, the Sixth, ruled Lanka during

1411-66 CE.

The messages delivered by these two events, respectively, were in contrast with each other. The first one was

concerned with the commercial application of scientific and engineering inventions created mainly by USJ’s

students and academic staff. It is a project relying on human efforts, abilities and skills for success.

The other was to engage the five messenger birds to appeal to God Upulvan to protect ‘the university named

the University of Sri Jayewardenepura to be established in the capital city’ in the future. It relied on divinity to

deliver success to the university.

Paradox of seeking divine intervention to protect university in an era of science and technology

Apparently at first sight, these two events offer a paradox. The first one calls for human power to build the

university. The second one appeals to the supernatural powers to do the job.

This is not in line with the thinking of two prominent former Vice Chancellors of USJ. Its founding Vice

Chancellor, Ven. Weliwitiye Sri Soratha Thero, is reported to have advised the students that they should be

‘challenging, probing and critical’. The wisdom so enunciated by the erudite Buddhist scholar required

students follow principles of scientific inquiry when making decisions. Thus, a belief should not be accepted

unless it is validated by evidence.

USJ’s fifth Vice Chancellor, Ven. Walpola Rahula Thero, in a booklet published in 1932 titled Sathyodaya

had advised fellow Sri Lankans not to seek boons from divinity because they are inferior to humans. This

book can be downloaded from the digital repository of USJ at http://dr.lib.sjp.ac.lk/handle/123456789/1791.

Both these erudite Buddhist scholars preferred human power to divine powers.

Science and technology has no meaning without creativity

But at close examination, it is clear that there is no paradox in the two events hosted by USJ. In fact, they are

complimentary to each other. The first one relates to USJ’s role as a catalyst in framing Sri Lanka’s future

based on science and technology combined with entrepreneurship. As a nation aspiring to become a rich

country within the next 25 to 30 year period, Sri Lanka’s future depends on being a nation of creativity.

It is the responsibility of Sri Lanka’s universities, higher learning institutions and research institutions

to deliver the country to the new phase of technological development. In this sense, USJ’s vision to

make it an innovative university will help the country to fill a much needed vacuum. ………………

April 08, 2019

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Colombo – The one and only! Diyasaru wetland park is a

must-visit place

The Colombo City - Accredited!

Last year in October something quite interesting happened. Now I think most of you would be jumping to a

conclusion, which indicates how much we know about things political but not at all about very important

developments with respect to our nation’s attributes.

I am not going to argue about the vital importance of politics but I am a serious subscriber to the concept of

Sri Lanka is much too politicised and we live and breathe politics and our actions are seriously shaped by our

political views rather than national views. In my view we really must make an effort to depoliticise politics

and that would be seriously beneficial to our country.

However, to indicate what happened in last October, our capital Colombo became a globally accepted

Wetland City and among the cities bestowed with that fame and positioning, Colombo is the only capital city

in the list. Colombo city in this instance refers to the Colombo Metropolitan region, which encompass six

local authorities. Thus it captures both the administrative capital as well as the commercial capital.

Now such an accomplishment is very important in this day and age of cities becoming environmental

nightmares. The world’s most number of polluted cities in terms of air quality is in India. The reason being

urbanisation is perceived as an ongoing concern across the world in all countries and this unbridled growth of

cities is giving rise to a multitude of issues. That is the reason for the title Colombo – The one and only!

However, this unique positioning and acceptance have escaped most of us, and including even those living

and breathing within its confines. Sadly most of those appear to take almost the contrarian position towards

ensuring sustenance of the position that has been bestowed.

Urbanisation and wetlands

A defining mega-trend today is urbanisation. It has been estimated that 50% of the population reside in cities

and by 2050 this number is expected to rise significantly. The emphasis of the concept of wetland cities was to

appreciate and recognise some pioneering cities that have managed to ensure healthy coexistence of wetlands

while the cities grew right around.

It is no secret that as a result of the quest for land, when cities grow wetlands become the first casualty. They

also utilise wetlands for wastelands as such areas are destined for solid waste disposal. ……………..

April 04, 2019

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On time – Only for a week! A must-change!

By Prof.Ajith de Alwis

We are in April and the month where we witness the declaration of a new year as per our traditional practice.

It is that period of time when a huge majority of our population, which certainly can be counted in millions,

intends to act in unison and quite consciously too.

Time settings like 2:09, 2:42, 3:54 and 7:40 are not an issue for stopping or starting an activity. In fact we

would be quite specific about knowing the time to the exact minute and any mistakes in action may cause

serious worries too. We keep an eagle eye on the clock or for an announcement over the media or to identify

with the bursting of crackers as the time to act.

Now technology has come in, making the process even smoother. Kohokoho, an app that I downloaded to my

mobile, ensured that I will be able to keep to the absolute time and with a brief explanation of why I should be

behaving like that – the charithra!

You will be cajoled to savour traditional cookies made for the period via another apps – savour the kavili from

Instagram or Facebook posts. Some children may actually indulge in traditional Avurudu games on their tabs

perhaps much counter to what the tradition expects.

The specific timeliness by the population certainly must be a world record of sorts. Eating the same thing,

wearing the same colour, and facing a unique direction at one particular time has to be considered special. It

also demonstrates that we the Sri Lankans can work according to the clock and together as well.

When this week in April passes into history, then why do we have to usher in the usual sentences and excuses

‘this is Sri Lanka,’ ‘Nobody will come on time so let’s go a little later’? The first sentence in a meeting is an

apology for starting late, etc.

I am also aware of almost a joke from the past, that while standing on the railway

station platform when you see a train which looks like it is arriving on the dot,

you are informed that no it is not a train on time but one that is 24 hours late!

Well, things most certainly have improved with railway from the past with multiple

apps available to serve me well. I am not exactly bemused by this thought and the

realisation that for more than 50 weeks of the year the norm that we espouse is usually

not on time! Why do we carry the stigma of Sri Lankan time and the light-hearted attitude

towards keeping to time? Yet we can quite easily ensure that we can fit in well to a unique

rhythm guided by some fixed times as well.

The Sinhala-Hindu New Year time in Sri Lanka demonstrates a population more or less

showing excellent discipline. We tick with the clock with the usual smile on our faces.

It is again the same smile that will appear during the other 50 weeks when we remark that

this is the way things happen here too. Something is not quite right.

If I do not eat kiribath quite specifically prepared as per a set of recommendations at 3:54

facing east I am not quite sure my next year is going to be exactly prosperous. I wonder if

I do wait till 18 April 4:52 in the morning to head towards my workplace as that is the time

recommended to leave for work in the New Year that I do not have to apply for leave as

times do indicate how I should start work.

I like the new compass feature in the app specially prepared for us. However, the direction

required means I may have to go through the window of my house, and that is a bit disturbing.

Yet this time I leave the house even perhaps before the dawn break I am not quite sure of

finding the bus to take me to the office at that time – that may mean killing time in the bus stand as only the

time of leaving is indicated with all the other factors not specified. …………………….

April 18, 2019

13

How strategic is your strategy?

The word strategy has become colloquial in usage today; as a word loosely

used today, and also commonly used in places where it should not be.

Often when we need to perform a task or improve something, we use the

term ‘we must have a strategy’.

However, strategy has a broader and a deeper meaning than its current use.

Its intended meaning is very different to current understanding. This diffused

knowledge results in a negative impact on some of the practices, thinking

processes and actions adopted by leaders and their teams in organisations today.

In fact, some leaders and teams go to the extent of complaining that strategy

has no bearing on business results and instead blame strategy.

In my opinion the primary reason is due to leaders lacking in understanding of what strategy is, they also do

not act on the wisdoms and teachings of strategy.

Thus, the aim of this article is to clarify the basics of strategy and help leaders craft and execute strategy to

win, especially in the market place.

Firstly, let us focus on a very basic question, which we often do not ask – ‘What is a strategy?’

Strategy: Is it operational effectiveness?

What really is strategy? Many believe strategy is all about making improvements. However, are not

improvements essential to enhance productivity and day-to-day activities?

None would concur that we should not make improvements to what we do daily. We must relentlessly strive

to improve what we did yesterday, today and continue tomorrow.

This in my mind is Operational Effectiveness (OE). It is about doing things more effectively and/or efficiently

today than yesterday.

OE needs to be embedded in the workings of an organisation and something we need to do every day.

Management tools and techniques such as total quality management, total productive maintenance, 5S, 6-

Sigma, etc. will certainly have a significant impact in improving business operations and processes and yield

good results.

April 05, 2019

Moreover, there are consultants and companies who can

assist businesses to implement these programs. However,

all that is available to one company is also available to all

others and the only differentiating factor will be the level

of execution. This kind of operational effectiveness and

improvements about doing things better is necessary but

not sufficient to compete in today’s highly-competitive

market.

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By Prof.Ajantha Dharmasiri

January, 2019

15

Vol.9, Issue 3, March 2019 Vol.9, Issue 4, April 2019

17

Factors Affecting the Adoption of Social Media as a Business Platform: A Study

among Student Entrepreneurs in Malaysia

Social media has been identified as a platform for student entrepreneurs to sell products and

services, and to interact and connect with customers. However, the factors contributing to the

adoption of social media as a platform among student entrepreneurs in Malaysia have not been

established. This article aims to identify factors affecting the adoption of social media as a

business platform among student entrepreneurs in Malaysia. This study employed a cross-

sectional design and quantitative data was collected from 300 selected student entrepreneurs

listed in the 'entrepreneurship centers in all public universities in Peninsular Malaysia. Findings

suggest that performance expectancy, perceived trust, perceived enjoyment and perceived risk

have a Significant positive effect on the adoption of social media. It is noted that there is a

Significant positive moderating effect of social influence between the relationship of facilitating

conditions and the adoption of social media. Student entrepreneurs adopt social media as a

business platform if they believe it improves their performance. Risk and trust are the most

important factors influencing the adoption of social media as a business platform. Based on the

findings, government agencies should promote social media as a business platform by instilling

trust in the system with the hope that it will positively affect students' entrepreneurial activities

using social media as a business platform

Perceived Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: A Missing Link in Indian

Banking Sector

The purpose of the article is to recognize the moderating effect of customer knowledge on

perceived service quality and customer satisfaction through customer value evaluation in the

Indian banking sector. This knowledge can considerably streamline the effort banks invest in

acquiring the right kind of customers. The results of the study indicated that perceptions of

service quality positively impacted customer value evaluation. Moreover. customer knowledge

strengthened the relationship that the empathy and responsiveness dimensions of service quality

had with customer value evaluation and moderated the relationship that reliability and tangibility

dimensions had with customer value evaluation


Che Nawi Noorshella, Al Mamun Abdulla, Nasir Noorul Azwin, Muniady Rajennd; Factors

Affecting the Adoption of Social Media as a Business Platform: A Study among Student

Entrepreneurs in Malaysia; VISION. March 2019, Vol.23 Number. 01, p.01

Nambiar Bindu, Ramanathan Hareesh, Rana Sudhir, Prashar Sanjeev; Perceived Service

Quality and Customer Satisfaction: A Missing Link in Indian Banking Sector; VISION. March

2019, Vol.23 Number. 01, p.44

18

Empirical Study on Perceived Value and Attitude of Millennials Towards Social

Media Advertising: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

The purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive advertising model. which examines

the impact of the identified predictors such as entertainment. informativeness. irritation.

credibility. incentives and personalization on social media advertising value (SMAV) and further

see the impact of SMAV on the attitudes of millennials towards social media advertising

(ATSMA). A quantitative and deductive approach of research was followed. where data were

collected using a self-administered questionnaire from 478 Indian social media users. The model

developed was validated using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis

followed

by structural equation modelling to test the relationships between the identified predictors and

SMAV. The results confirm the relationship between identified predictors and SMA V. Also.

positive relationship has been found out between SMAV and A TSMA. Further. in the research

article. there is a detailed discussion on results. implications. limitations and directions for future

work

Examining the Role of Workplace Spirituality and Teacher Self-efficacy on

Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of Secondary School Teachers: An Indian

Scenario

Research on workplace spirituality is on the rise primarily because of the win-win situation it

creates for both employees and organizations. Spirituality at work has been associated with many

individual-level work behaviour and attitudes. Also, self-efficacy is another significant

construct which considerably affects individual work experiences. The current study focuses on

the relationship between workplace spirituality, self-efficacy and organizational citizenship

behaviour (OCB) in secondary school teachers. It examines whether spirituality and teacher

efficacy could predict citizenship behaviour of teachers. Additionally, the influence of pirituality

on self-efficacy is also looked at. Data were collected from 353 teachers working in state-run

schools in one of the southern states in India. Using structural equation modeling, the study finds

that positive relationships exist between different dimensions of workplace spirituality, teacher

efficacy and two categories of OCBs. The study contributes to the growing empirical research on

workplace spirituality and the underexplored area of teacher OCB.

Arora Taanika, Agarwal Bhawna; Empirical Study on Perceived Value and Attitude of

Millennials Towards Social Media Advertising: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach;

VISION. March 2019, Vol.23 Number. 01, p.56

Mahipalan Manju, Sheena, Muhammed Sudheer; Examining the Role of Workplace

Spirituality and Teacher Self-efficacy on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of Secondary

School Teachers: An Indian Scenario; VISION. March 2019, Vol.23 Number. 01, p.80

19

Exploring Challenges and Solutions Facing STEM Careers in the 21 st Century: A

Human Resource Development Perspective

The Problem: Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professions are

recognized by educators and business leaders as being pillars to national economies that vie

for wealth and prosperity. Nonetheless, human resource development (HRD) has

largely been absent from the discussion on potential contributions it may provide

to address recruitment, development, and retention issues that threaten a diverse,

sustained supply of career ready STEM workers. Considering the changing nature of

knowledge-intensive jobs and continuing growth in STEM occupations, HRD's role to

advance STEM careers in the 21 st century is significant.

The Solution: The special issue moves beyond the rhetoric of the STEM teacher shortage and a

skills gap to offer clarity around career readiness and retention in STEM and introduce

HRD's responses through research, practice, and policy making. The issue provides

examples and information that illustrate a range of strategies involving education,

industry, and community partnerships to consider how to advance STEM careers

from a more holistic perspective.

The Stakeholders: Scholars, practitioners, teachers, administrators, industry leaders, and

government officials who hold interest in promoting STEM careers.

Developing Resilient K-12 STEM Teachers

The Problem: The US is currently experiencing a shortage of K-12 science. technology.

engineering. and mathematics (STEM) teachers. especially in high-poverty communities. The

shortage can be explained by both low teacher recruitment and high teacher

turnover; however, the reasons why teachers leave the profession are complex.

The Solution: We argue that teacher professional development programs are often focused on

how teachers can meet the needs of their students but ignore how teachers can build their

own professional resilience. We draw from research in both teacher self-efficacy

and ecological adaptive capacity to propose a revised Teacher-Centered Systemic

Reform Model that identifies adaptive capacity as an outcome goal for individuals and

school systems. School environments are dynamic (e.g., new policies, student needs,

and changing administrators), and as a result, teachers need skills to adapt, enabling

them to be resilient while still meeting students' needs.

The Stakeholders: Professional development. teacher educators, human resource development

(HRD) practitioners, K-12 STEM teachers.

Waite Alina, McDonald S Kimberly; Exploring Challenges and Solutions Facing STEM

Careers in the 21 st Century: A Human Resource Development Perspective; Advance in

Development Human Resources. February 2019, Vol.21 Number. 01, p.03

Wright S Diane, Balgopal M Meena, McMeeking B S Laura, Weinberg E Andrea; Developing

Resilient K-12 STEM Teachers; Advance in Development Human Resources. February 2019, Vol.21

Number. 01, p.16

20


21

Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration

Volume 11 Issue 1

Entrepreneurial competencies and SMEs’ growth: the mediating role of network competence

Shehnaz Tehseen, Farhad Uddin Ahmed, Zuhaib Hassan Qureshi, Mohammad Jasim Uddin,

Ramayah T

Connecting the dots between brand logo and brand image

Harsandaldeep Kaur, Kanwalroop Kaur

Customer disloyalty in retail banking services: attitudinal and behavioural dimensions

Shakti Bodh Bhatnagar, Jitendra Kumar Mishra, Asif Ali Syed

International Journal of Web Information Systems

Volume 15 Issue 1 OntoGenesis: an architecture for automatic semantic enhancement of data services

Bruno C.N. Oliveira , Alexis Huf , Ivan Luiz Salvadori , Frank Siqueira

An approach to quantify integration quality using feedback on mapping results

Fernando R.S. Serrano , Alvaro A.A. Fernandes , Klitos Christodoulou

A practical guide for understanding online business models

Won Kim

Asian Review of Accounting

Volume 27 Issue 1 Audit fees, perceived audit risk, and the financial crisis of 2008

Hanmei Chen, Shaowen Hua, Zenghui Liu, Mei Zhang

Do letters to shareholders have information content?

Prapaporn Kiattikulwattana

Convergence to IFRS, accounting quality, and the role of regional institutions: evidence from

China

Jun Hao, Minghe Sun, Jennifer Yin


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