TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS IN THE ARAB WORLD

Gloria Jimena RomoRodrigo MontesSusana Sánchez

HIZBALLAH(HEZBOLA)

• Origins SHIA BLOCK OF LEBANON • EMERGENCE FACTORS •IDENTITY CRISIS AND PERSECUTION: since their independence in 1943 the shiies are politically marginalized.•STRUCTURAL IMBALANCE: government and highest civilians post ocuppied by sunnies-manorites, most of the population were shiites•MILITARY DEFEAT: Israel occupation of the south part of Lebanon• DEMONSTRATION EFFECT: Iran’s revolution influence

They focus in the importance of Arab dignity and honour.

HEZBOLLAH IN SYRIA

• They started defending Bashar al-Assad’s regime• Some people support them but others say it has destabilized Lebanon.

• thousands of Hezbollah men have died in Syria defending the syrian government

• CONSECUENCES: shia neighbourhoods in Lebanon are being attacked by car bombs to show people’s disagreement.

1985 OFICIAL FORMATION OF HEZBOLLA AS AN ORGANIZATION• MODUS OPERANDI• Suicide Attacks

– Car bombs• Attacks against western targets– kidnapping and bombs

MULTIPRONGED TERROR ATTACKS INVENTORS•23/OCT/1983 suicide bombings in Beirut, US Marine Barracks and at the housing of a French peacekeeping contingent at the same time

Some people revere them for the liberation of the

isaeli occupation

Hassan Nasrallah

• Lebanese militia and political leader• Beirut- Lebanon • AMAL paramilitary group with ties to Iran and Syria

• 1975 Israel’s invasion of Lebanon  HE JOINS HEZBOLLAH

Sheikh Abbas al-Musawi•1952-1992•Beqaa Valley in Lebanon •Along with Subhi al Tufayli he spearheaded the formation of Hezbollah movement in the Beqaa Valley in 1982•Israeli Apache helicopters fired missiles at the motorcade of al Musawi

AL-QAEDATHE BASE

• Founded by Usama bin Laden.• helped finance, recruit, transport and train thousands of fighters from dozens of countries to be part of an Afghan resistance to defeat the Soviet Union.

• OBJECTIVE: establishment of a pan-Islamic Caliphate throughout the world by following the jihad ideal.

• Old Members of fighters IN AFGHANISTAN

1988

Osama Bin Laden

• 1957 Saudi Arabia• Sheikh Muhammad bin Laden inherited 80 millions Dollar to Osama

• Islamic awakening university

• 1979 Afghanistan invaded by Russians.– financed tactical operations

– Creates groups to fight– Writes about the occidental world as the enemy

HE DIED: 1/may/ 2011 Abbottabad, Pakistán

TACTICS• Assassination• Bombing• Hijacking• kidnapping• suicide attacks

TARGETS:• American and other Western interests as well as Jewish targets and Muslim governments who according to them dont follow the sharia.

Al-Qaeda And The MediaOsama used media to his favor, he made videos and interviews declaring that the real enemy wasn’t just the governments in middle east who were occidentalized but the main source

of the evil was USA, he encoguraged his followers to focus on that specific target

1º terrorist leader using this kind of strategy

TERRORIST ATTACKS

• Nairobi y Dar es Salam– 1998 with 223 deaths

World Trade Center Twin Towers11/sep/2001

US-Cole Crusier2000 with 17

deaths

Al-Qaeda in the world

references• http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1903301,00.html

• http://www.aljazeera.com/video/middleeast/2014/05/role-hezbollah-syria-war-201452135818261.html