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Holy Faith abc of Social Science Teachers’ Manual hasbeen brought out at the great insistence of teachers andparents to help them in the teaching of Social Science in amore effective and purposeful manner. It contains all therelevant rules, explanations and detailed answers to eachand every textbook questions. No book, however well-written, can cater to the needs of all students alike, sincethere can be tremendous differences in tastes, levels ofcomprehension and intelligence. It is hoped that the manualwill amply satisfy the purpose it has been designed for.

SOCIALSCIENCESOCIAL

SCIENCE

HOLY FAITH

OF

CLASS VII

Price : 48.00

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Teachers’ Manual

HOLY FAITH

SOCIAL SCIENCE

FOR CLASS VII

Contents Developed by :

a team of Editors

HOLY FAITH INTERNATIONAL PVT. LTD.

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H.F. TEACHERS' MANUAL–SOCIAL SCIENCE-VII 1

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Where, When and How ?

I. Multiple Choice Questions :

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c)

6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)

II. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) :

Ans. 1 : The word ‘India’ is derived from the word ‘Indus’.

Ans. 2: The word ‘medieval’ stand for or refers to the

middle age of the Indian History.

Ans. 3 : al-Idrisi (the Arab catograper) prepared the map

of Indian Subcontinent in 1154 C.E.

Ans. 4 : Minhaj-ul-Siraj.

Ans. 5 : Tuzuk-i-Baburi

III. Short Answer Questions (SA) :

Ans. 1 : In early medieval period of Indian history,

manuscripts were written on palm leaves, bark of birch trees

and on animal skins. Paper also began to be used widely by

then and a number of paper manuscripts that exceeded text

had it written on other types of surfaces.

Ans. 2 : Two types of historical sources are :

(a) Archaeological sources (b) Literary sources

Archaeological sources include building and monuments,

inscriptions and coins, etc., while literary sources include

religious works and commentaries on classical works. Accounts

of foregin travellers are also included in literary sources. These

sources provide valuable information about this period.

UNIT–I : (HISTORY)

OUR PASTS–II

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2 H.F. TEACHERS' MANUAL–SOCIAL SCIENCE-VII

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Ans. 3 : Four regional languages which flourished duringthis period were :–

(a) Urdu (b) Hindi (c) Punjabi (d) Persian

(e) Marathi (f) Gujarati (g) Bangla(Any four)

Ans. 4 : During medieval period India had trade linkswith China and Arab countries.

Ans. 5 : The term ‘Manuscript’ refers to handwritten text.These manuscripts are a reliable source for historians since theyare mostly concerned with the economy, polity and society.

Some of the manuscripts that have remained unadulteratedand authentic throughout ages are Babur’s autobiography(Tuzuk-i-Baburi), Jahangir’s (Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri), biography ofHumayun written by his sister Gulbadan Begum (HumayunNamah) and Abul Fazl’s Akbarnamah.

IV. Long Answers questions :

Ans. 1 : It is important for us to study medieval periodbecause :

(i) During the medieval period, many regional languagesdeveloped. In 1318, Amir Khusrau noted that there weredifferent languages in every region.

(ii) Even some of the food that we eat today and the typesof clothes we wear first became known to our forefathers duringthis period.

(iii) This period also saw new administrative policies thathad great implications in the times that followed.

(iv) Some religious beliefs and practices that we followtoday were born during the medieval times. Examples are theBhakti cult and the Islam religion.

(v) This period saw the emergence of an Indian culturesimilar to what we have today.

Ans. 2 : The meaning of the term ‘Hindustan’ has definitelychanged over the centuries. For example, Minhaj-i-Siraj usedthe term ‘Hindustan’ in his chronicle probably to refer to the

present day Punjab, Haryana and the land between the Ganga



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and the Yamuna. In other words, he referred to the areas under

the influence of Sultanate rulers. South India was perhaps not

included in his term. Babur and Amir Khusrau used this term

to refer to the Indian Subcontinent but their meaning was not

related with the present political and national sense.

The term ‘Hindustan’ referred to the whole of Indian

Subcontinent in the proper sense of the term since the days of

the British. They were the first to use this term to refer to the

area we call India today.

Ans. 3 : Salient features of Indian Medieval History :–

(i) We have much more historical materials to help and

reconstruct our past as compared to ancient period of Indian

History.

(ii) In political sphere, the vast empires were now broken

and replaced by small rulers in both northern and southern

India.

(iii) Turk established their firm controll over India. The

Mughal built an empire that was pan-regional, spanning diverse

regions.

(iv) This period also saw the emergence of an Indian

culture which was the combination of Hindu and Muslims

customs and traditions.

Ans. 4 : Significances of Archaeological sources with

examples are as follows :–

(i) Building and monuments built during this period throw

much light on the art, architecture and lifestyle of that period.

(ii) Inscriptions carved on the stones, pillars, walls of

temples give us valuable information about the contemporary

languages.

(iii) Coins and seals give us vivid and detailed information

about the rulers and their administration.

Ans. 5 : Before the invention of paper, manuscripts were

written on palm leaves, bark of birch tree or skin of animals.

With the invention of paper manuscript began to be written

on paper. Paper became popular surfaces for those writing



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petitions chronicles, judical records, etc. Sometime valuable

original manuscripts were copied by scribe on paper. This

process changed the original text upto some extent, due to

errors or omissions.

These changes in the textual revision at different points of

time led to drastic changes over the time. If there was no

invention of paper at that time, it could posed many problems

to take care of original manuscript written on palm leaves,

skins of animals, etc.

V. Define the following terms :

Ans. 1 : A person who makes map is known a

cartographer.

Ans. 2 : A person who maintains a chronicle, i.e., a

periodic record of events is called a chroniclers.

Ans. 3 : Hand written accounts of the past are known as

manuscript.

Ans. 4 : A social evil prevailing in the society, according

to which a woman has to jump alive or is burnt alive in the

pyre of her husband.

VI. Match the columns:

1. (e) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a)

VII. Fill in the blanks:

1. Ziyauddin Barani 2. handwritten

3. 8th 4. Kalhana

5. Coins, seals



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New Kings and Kingdoms


1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b)

6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (b)


Ans. 1 : Harsha granted large estates to their senior officersin lieu of salary.

Ans. 2: Hiranya Garbha yajna was performed byDantidurga, the Rashtrakuta chief (ruler).

Ans. 3 : Somnath Temple was famous for its wealth.Ghazni attacked it to plunder wealth.

Ans. 4 : The villages enjoyed a self government underthe chola kings. All the powers were given to village assembly,Ur or sabha. During this time the landlords of the villages werealso bestowed with many titles such as muvendavelan.

Ans. 5 : Rajendra Chola, the Chola ruler assumed thetitle of Gangikonda Chola.

III.Short Answer Questions (SA) :

Ans. 1 : al-Beruni was a person scholar. He came to Indiawith Muhmud of Ghazni during one his compaigns.

He lived in India for many years he wrote a book named,Kitab-al-Hind or Tahqiq-i-Hind. This historical accounts ofal-Beruni provides us valuable information about that time.

Ans. 2 : The word prashasti is derived from Sanskrit whichmeans ‘in praise of’. They were written by court poets in thepraise of the king or ruler and engraved on pillars.

Or

A Prashasti gives us information about the various activitiesof the King such as wars, victories, title, etc. It is written in the

praise of king.

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Example: A Prashasti written in Sanskrit found in Gwalior

describes the exploits of Nagabhatta, a Parthian king.

Ans. 3 : Initially, the Before the establishment of Chola

dynasty, the Chola were the subordinate to Pallavas Kings of

Kanchipurams. These Chola feudal lord to Pallavas were called

Muttaraiyah.

Ans. 4 : The provinces of Tamil Region were known as

Mandalams and each mandalam was divided into a number

of Nadus or Valanadus. Each Nadu (Valanadu) was further

divided into Kottamas (villages).

Ans. 5 :

Chola Rulers Their Capital

1. Vijayalaya Tanjore

2. Raja Raja-I Tanjore

IV. Long Answers questions :

Ans. 1 : Chola administration was highly systematised

and well organised. The empire was very vast and was divided

into six Mandalams (Provinces), which were governed by a

viceroy. The Mandalams (Mandals) were further divided into

Nadus (Districts). Each Nadu was again sub divided into

Kottams, consisting of a number of villages. Villages carried

out their day to day adminstration themselves through Sabha.

The king was the head of the entire administration, who kept

a number of high officials in charge of various departments.

No doubt, due to vastness in size, the Chola administration

was well organised at each level.

Ans. 2 : Contribution of Chola rulers in the field of art

and architecture are as follows :

(i) They developed the Dravidian style of art and

architecture.

(ii) They were the greatest builders and had built many

temples and monuments. Raja Rajeshwara Temple at Tanjore

is the vast example of their architectural skill.



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(iii) The making of bronze images was the most distinct

feature of the Chola art and architecture skill. Bronze images

of dancing Shiva or Natraj is best example of this skill.

(iv) Gangaikondacholapuram Temple built during the

reign of Rajendra-I is similar in the style of those temples built

at Tanjore.

Ans. 3 : The main sources of income of the Chola empire

was land revenue. It was 1/6th of the total agricultural products.

Beside land revenue, other sources of income of land revenue

were salt tax, custom duties, water cess, fines, professional

taxes, etc.

Ans. 4 : Tripartite struggle was for mastry over Kanauj.

A number of northern and central kingdoms were engaged in

struggle with each other so that control over the city of Kanauj

could be gained. Since, there were mainly three kingdoms

involved gaining control over the city of Kanauj, it was known

as Tripartite struggle. The main three kingdoms which were

involved in the Tripartite struggle were Rashtrakutas, the

Gurjara-Pratiharas and the Palas. They often attacked each

other to gain control over Kanauj.

Ans. 5 : Rashtrakutas were earlier subordinates of the

Chalukya rulers. Dantidurga, overthrew the last ruler

Chalukyas in 715 C.E. and established his capital at Malkhed.

Soon, Rashtrakutas dominated the entire northern

Maharashtra.

Rashtrakutas patronised Shaivism, Jainism, Vaishnavism,

Buddhism and Islam. The magnificent Kailash Temple at Ellora

was built by Krishna III in the 9th century.

Ans. 6 : Prithviraj Chauhan was the greatest ruler of the

Chauhan dynasty. He was a very courageous warrior. His

achievement and exploits have been described by his court

poet, Chand Bardai in his famous book ‘Prithivirajraso’.

He fought two wars with turkish invader Muhammad Ghori

in the battle field of Tarain. In the first battle of Tarain which

was fought in 1191 C.E., Ghori was defeated and had to flee



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from battle field. Next, Ghori again invaded India. During his

this invasion he defeated Prithviraj Chauhan in the 2nd battle

of Tarain which was fought in 1192 C.E. The defeat of Prithviraj

at the hands of Ghori changed the fate of India.

V. Define the following :

Ans. : 1. Ur : Ur were the assembly of the people during

Chola empire, which carried out day to day administration.

2. Valanadu : The Mandalams (Province) during Chola

empire were divided into smaller units knowns Valanadu

(Districts).

3. Mandalams : In Tamil region, provinces were known

as mandalams. The whole Chola empire was divided into six

mandalams.

4. Agnikulas : According to tradition, Parmaras,

Pratiharas, Chauhan and Chalukyas were the four Rajput clans

that were said to have been born from fire altars. They are

called as agnikulas.

VI. Fill in the blanks:

1. Chauhans 2. 1191 C.E. 3. Tanjore

VII. Match the columns:

1. (e) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (f) 5. (d) 6. (b)

VIII. Founders of dynasties/places

1. Dantidurga

2. Mayurasharman (Trilochana Kadamba)

3. Nagabhatta–I

4. Gopala

5. Guvkut

6. Alaptgin

7. Shihab–ud–din Muhammad Ghori

8. Vijayalaya



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The Sultans of Delhi


1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b)

6. (b) 7. (d) 8. (c)


Ans. 1 : Qutub-ud-din Aybak was known as ‘Lakhbaksh’.

Ans. 2 : Lodi dynasty was founded by Bahlol Lodhi in1451.

Ans. 3 : Ibrahim Lodi was the last ruler of Delhi Sultanate.

Ans. 4 : Two famous generals of Ala-ud-din Khalji are asfollows :

(a) Ulugh Khan

(b) Malik Kafur

Ans. 5 : Raziyya Sultana. She ruled from 1236–1240C.E.

Ans. 6 : The Tomaras built the city of Dhillika (Delhi).Coins, Delhiwal were minted there during this time.

III. Short Answer type Questions :

Ans. 1 : During Sultanate period, Indian society wasdivided into four classes or groups. These were – aristocracy,priests, the town people and the village people or peasants.The upper class or aristocracy comprised of the ruling class, i.e.,the Sultan, the nobles, the landlords and Hindu rajas or princes.

The second group consisted of Ulemas, Maulvis, Qazis,the Pandits, etc. They advised the rulers about the mattersrelated to administration. The third section or group was thepeople living in the towns and included the shopkeepers,merchants and traders, etc. Farmers and peasants or the peopleliving in the villages formed the four or lowest ladder of thesociety. They paid high land revenue and led a miserable life.

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Ans. 2 : Ibrahim Lodi was the son of Sikandar Lodi. He

became the Sultan of Delhi in 1517.

The Governor of Punjab Daulat Khan Lodi turned against

him and declared himself practically independent. So, he

invited Babur to invade India in 1526.

Ans. 3 : Mongol Policy of Ala-ud--din Khalji: Ala-ud-din

Khalji took following steps to check any invasion of the

Mongols:

(i) He strengthened his army and made it more efficient.

(ii) He repaired the forts enroute of the Mongols and built

new forts at strategic locations.

(iii) Army was stationed at the frontier provinces of Multan,

Samana and Dipalpur to prevent their entry into his kingdom.

Ans. 4 : ‘‘Art and architecture flourised during the

sultanate period’’ To justified the statement following examples

are given:

(i) The Adina Masjid at Pandua by Sikandar Shah is the

one of the largest mosques in the muslim world.

(ii) The Ala-ud-din Khalji built the city of Siri, and Ghiyas

ud-din Tughluq built the city of Tughluqabad.

(iii) Sikandar Lodi build the most important monument

of Lodi dynasty, i.e., Moth Ki Masjid.

Ans. 5 : (i) He prohibited the nobles from intermarriages

so as to prevent them from making alliances against him.

(ii) He prohibited them from holding social gatherings or

drinking at parties.

(iii) He also extracted surplus money from the nobles by

imposing heavy taxes on them.

(iv) He established an official spy system. These spies were

called Khufia Navis. They listened to the daily market gossips

and reported them to the Sultan. In this way, the Sultan could

have an idea of the activities of the nobles.

(v) He maintained a very strong army to check any internal

rebellion.



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III. Long Answer type Questions :

Ans. 1 : Mamluk Sultans : After the death of

Muhammad Ghori in 1206 CE, his Indian possessions come

under the control of his General Qutab-ud-Aybak, with whose

reign began the Mamluk (slave) dynasty). Qutub-ud-din made

no fresh conquests as he was busy in consolidating his rule in

the conquered territories. He died in 1210 C.E. and was

succeeded by Iltutmish, the Governor of Badayun. He devoted

first ten years of reign to securing his power and position. He

faced serious problems from his rival Turkish nobles. Very

tactfully he saved his empire from the powerful Mongol’s

invasion.

Before his death he had nominated his daughter, Raziyya

as his successor. She was the first woman ruler in the history

of Mamluk dynasty and ruled from 1236 to 1240 C.E. After

her death, two Mamluk rulers, Bahram Shah and Masud came

to the throne. They both were incapable rulers. Taking the

advantage of this situation, Nasir-ud-din Mahmud was raised

to throne who ruled from 1246-1266 C.E. He died in 1266

and after his death, Balban became the Sultant of Delhi.

Kaiqubad was the last mumluk sultan. He was murdered by

Jalal-ud-din Khalji in 1286 C.E.

Early Mamluk Sultans Their Reign

Qutab-ud-din Aybek 1206–1210

Shams-ud-din Iltutmish 1210–1236

Raziyya Sultana 1236–1240

Nasir-ud-din Mahmmud 1246–1266

Ghiyas-ud-din Balban 1266–1286

Ans. 2 : The term Iqta means the land assigned by the

ruler to an individual on certain conditions. In the beginning,

the Turkish administration was essentially military. The sultans

divided the empire into a number of tracts known as Iqtas

which were assigned to the military leaders. The person who

holds an Iqta was called Iqtadar.



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He maintained law and order in the Iqta and collected theland revenue. Out of the land revenue thus collected, theIqtadar met the cost of administration. He was allowed a partof the income for his own use.

Ans. 3 : Administrative Reforms of Ala-ud-din-Khalji–Ala-ud-din-Khalji was a capable ruler. In order to checkinternal revolt and check the powers of nobles, he took severalstrict measures. He established an efficient spy system to watchthe activities of nobles and to check what was going in hissultanate.

He had kept a strong and well equipped army to checkexternal and internal revolts.

Economic Reforms : Ala-ud-din Khalji was the first Delhisultan who took interest in the fiscal and economic reforms.He introduced the following economic reforms to increase hisincome–(i) He issued regulations to control the prices of allcommodities of common use such as wheat, barley, rice, cloth,sugar, ghee, etc. (ii) He also introduced uniform weights andmeasures throughout the country. (iii) All the local producerswithin 100 miles of Delhi were asked to keep only 10 maundsof grain with them and sell the surplus to the government.(iv) The food grains were supplied to the people at very lowrates in times of scarcity. (v) He appointed high officials calledShahna-i-Mandi (superintendents of the market) to supervisethe markets and enforce market regulations. (vi) He introducedthe system of rationing whenever droughts or famines occurredin any area of his realm.

Ans. 4 : Muhammad -bin-Tughlaq is famous in Indianhistory for his visionary plans. He had done a number ofexperiments, which failed due to lack of experience. All hisschemes failed, such as transfer of capital, raising of taxes inGanga-Yamuna doab and token currency which createdcomplications. In foreign affairs, his scheme to conquerKhurasan was abandoned, while his conquest of Karajaladversely affected the military strength. Though he failed as a

ruler, but enjoyed a prominent place among the rulers of the

Sultanate period.


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