TEACHER: Lcdo. Antonio Herrera Ch. Semester: Third

11

1

Career: Redes y Telecomunicaciones

TEACHER: Lcdo. Antonio Herrera Ch. Semester: Third

Technical English III.

2

Lic. Antonio Herrera

STUDY GUIDE

Career: Redes y Telecomunicaciones Course of Study: Actual Level: Technical and technological Semester: Third. Academic Year: June 2020 to November 2020. Subject: Technical English III. Cod: RT-S3-TCEN PRE – REQUISITO: CO – REQUISITO Training Component: 54 Practical Component: 18 Alone Component: 40. Total hours: 72. Teacher: Lcdo. Antonio Herrera Chamba

Copyright©2020 Instituto Superior Tecnológico Ismael Pérez Pazmiño. All rights reserved.


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INDEX

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………

2

Syllabus ….................................................................................................... General……………………………………………………………………………. Developing Activities………………………………………………………………

5 16 19

Topics:

Unit 1 ….....................................................................................................

19

Unit 2 …....................................................................................................

44

Unit 3 …....................................................................................................

60

BIBLIOGRAPHY …......................................................................................

74


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INTRODUCTION

The subject of English is considered in the curriculum map it has a special importance because it is a very useful subject in this globalized world. The purpose of this study guide is help to make the task of this semester. The guide of English book introduces English Networks. Tale raid to suit The needs of individual, one-term course modules, it assumes no prior knowledge of the Subject, and presents the basic facts in a straightforward manner, making it the ideal activities For Students are guided step-by-step through the main concepts and techniques Networking’s and aided by concise chapter summaries, suggestions for further reading, and a comprehensive glossary of all the terms introduced. Each chapter is accompanied by an engaging set of exercises and discussion questions, encouraging students to consolidate and develop their learning, and providing essential self-study material. The Guide is accompanied by some activities, featuring solutions to the exercises and useful additional resources. Providing the essential knowledge and skills for those embarking on the study of English, it is Set to become the leading introduction to the field. Now in the next units. GENERAL INFORMATION This subject will be composed of three hours a week. In each class, the skills that the student should develop will be presented; each of the students will be anticipated reviewing the proposed topics for each unit, so that it can be established an exchange of opinions on the topics discussed in class. Each of the students will have bibliographical references where you can find each of the contents as well as the wide range of information found in the virtual pages, taking advantage of the use of technology. In order to keep a record of the work sessions the student must document all the learning activities through a portfolio and the field diaries, each of the workshops held in class will have a score that will contribute to the total score of the subject, those jobs that were not submitted for non-attendance are not justified. The punctuality to the work sessions is of vital importance that is why the work session will be started. The subject will have lectures, as well as practical workshops, these workshops will be individual and group, team activities will explore each of the individual strengths to consolidate in the outcome of the workshop, preparing the future professional cooperative work that It is in the real world. After each topic discussed, the student's knowledge will be evaluated through a written evaluation. The tasks and independent works will be received through the Amauta platform, for this the teacher must open a new task, with an opening date and a maximum deadline, in this task the basic guidelines will be given so that the student can perform the problem; Likewise, a forum will open in the Amauta in relation to the task performed, so that all the questions are answered for the group of students.


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INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNOLÓGICO

ISMAEL PÉREZ PAZMIÑO

SYLLABUS DE LA ASIGNATURA

I. INFORMATIVE DATA

Career: Redes y Telecomunicaciones Course of Study: Actual Level: Technical and technological Semester: Third. Academic Year: June 2020 to November 2020. Subject: Technical English III. Cod: RT-S3-TCEN PRE – REQUISITO: CO – REQUISITO Training Component: 54 Practical Component: 18 Alone Component: 40. Total hours: 72. Teacher: Lcdo. Antonio Herrera Chamba

II. FOUNDATION OF THE SUBJECT Nowadays, the enormous advances that technology has made to the world are the

key to train professionals capable of facing the constant evolution that it requires. In

addition, there is a need to develop the skills of the English language in the professional

future in order to produce knowledge about networks and telecommunications

regarding terminologies, brochures of programs and even reach the meaningful

interaction of basic dialogues that promote communication in the English language.

Also, there is a need to have an environment conducive to the development of

knowledge in students according to the style of network and telecommunication which

is directly related to the English language, whose purpose is framed in providing more

alternatives to the students in the development of their career

A strong foundation of basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career

in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a

strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is

essential to future success. In this semester, you will learn how to identify new

vocabulary to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer,

examine switch and router configurations; perform basic IPv4 addressing and

submitting, and research network security solutions. You will gain an understanding of

basic network functions, standards, and protocols, to prepare you to tackle advanced

networking skills.


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II. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

UNIT 1: Network and data communication

Apply technical terminology in English language for the use of connectivity equipment and programs that allow its manipulation although some examples. UNIT 2: Ethernet and TCP/IP network

Engage in technical and business conversations with foreign managers using technology as a model and comparing with the actual one. UNIT 3: Communication channel technology Utilize the knowledge of the English language to get access to a wider research material available in networking and telecommunication technology comparing the old technology in some examples.

III. CONTENTS

Unit 1: Network and data communication Unit 2: Ethernet and TCP/IP network Unit 3: Communication channel technology General Skills System Unit 1. Identify different networks and data communication through videos and examples in order to share their ideas with whole class in order to improve their knowledge. Unit 2. Characterize the Ethernet and TCP/IP network through the uses each one for elaborate an easy about topic Unit 3: Explore about communication channel technology through critical analysis in order to measure strengths and weaknesses. GENERAL SYSTEM OF VALUES Unit 1: Ethical conduct, social responsibility, confidentiality and transparency in accounting practice in the English language. Unit 2: Give and receive suggestions to express themselves correctly in a conversation. Unit 3: Ethical conduct, social responsibility, confidentiality and transparency in practice of the English language.


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IV. DISTRIBUTION TIME:

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROCESS WITH TIME IN

HOURS

TEMAS DE LA

ASIGNATURA

C CP S CE T L E THP CPA TI THA

Network and

data

communication

4 1 11 - - 2 18 6 13 37

Ethernet and

TCP/IP

Network

3 9 4 - 2 18 6 13 37

Communication

channel

technology

3 1 8 4 - 2 18 6 14 38

EXAMEN FINAL - - - -

Total de horas 10 2 28 8 - 6 54 18 40 112

II. Leyenda: C – Conferencias. S – Seminarios. CP – Clases prácticas. CE – Clase encuentro. T – Taller. L – Laboratorio. E - Evaluación. THP – Total de horas presenciales. TI – Trabajo independiente. THA – Total de horas de la asignatura.

V. CONTENTS OF UNITS SYSTEM Unit 1: Network and data communication Objective I: Apply technical terminology in English language for the use of connectivity equipment and programs that allow its manipulation.

KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM SKILL SYSTEM VALUE

SYSTEM

The impact of networking

on business processes and

user access to knowledge

and services.

To understand the

difference application of

networking in daily life

Motivate students to

investigate about network

and data communication


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A simple view of data

communication.

Basic data communication

concepts

TCP/IP and other

communication models

The TCP/network model

The OSI network model

Types of networks

Network topology

Local Area Network

Metropolitan Area Networks

Wide Area Networks

especially in creating

products and services.

To distinguish data

communication by

similarity methods using

the input and output

baskets as a

communication channel.

To describe the meaning

of the message by the

protocols recognized

using the cooperating

applications.

To interpret the models

of communications by

TCP/IP using their

information and share

with their partners.

To distinguish the model

of layer through a picture

using their ideas and

describe them.

To categorize the

networks by medium,

protocol group, standard

specification using their

information.

To describe the types of

networks through

examples by using the

information


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Internet Back phones and

the Internet

Pico nets

To analyze the picture

about LAN using the

cooperative learning

to describe MAN through

pictures in order to

identify the places where

they can built this

connection

To describe data

connect links between

widely spread facilities,

organization and

customer by using the

pictures projected.

To identify the links in

two computers or

computer based devices

in the world by using the

routing capabilities of

interconnected networks

To compare the category

of Pico nets or

PANS(Personal Area

Networks using a figure

Unit II: Ethernet and TCP/IP network

Objective II: Design formal presentations to discuss technical subjects related to their field of study.


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KNOWLEDGE

SYSTEM

SKILL SYSTEM VALUE

SYSTEM

Introducing the

process- the

application layer

Domain names and

DNS services

Next steps-TCP and

the transport layer

The network layer, IP

addresses, and ARP

The data link layer

Quality of services

Network security

Alternative protocols

To describe the application

for use a network by

focusing on specific area of

interest,

To analyze the elements of

a Domain name by using

the information about

www.alumni.myschool.ed

To discuss about TCP

sends a packet through the

usual network layers using

the figure “Connection

handshake”

To identify the source and

destination IP address as

well as the transport

protocol and the version of

IP in use.

To introduce two-different

form of wired Ethernet

based on hubs and

switches through

examples in order to

interchange ideas.

To analyze avality of

service through a video in

order to classify the errors

and missing packet

failures.

To identify network

security problems by

Encourage students to use

and study the different

network and services


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providing adequate

protection

To focus primarily on

TCP/IP and Ethernet

through alternative

technologies in use by

carriers providing Wide

Area Network services.

Unit 3: Communications channel technology

Objectives III Utilize the knowledge of the English language to get access to a wider research material available in networking and telecommunication technology.

KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM SKILL SYSTEM VALUE SYSTEM

Communication channel

technology

The fundamentals of

signaling technology

Transmission media and

signaling methods

Wireless networking

Wi-Fi

To distinguish to process

in a model of a

communication channel

through pictures by

using network interface.

To analyze a message

using a combination of

FSK and ASK in order to

represent and draw

waveform of message

To represent with a

graphic the transmission

media and signaling

methods by sharing their

information

To discuss about

wireless networking by

using a video in order to

represent the process

with a picture.

Respect and tolerance for individuals’ differences

To promote the academic honesty in order to avoid plagiarism


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VII. METHODOLOGY STRATEGIES METHODOLOGICAL ORIENTATIONS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE SUBJECT. This subject will be composed of two hours a week. In each class, the skills that the student should develop will be presented; each of the students will be anticipated reviewing the proposed topics for each unit, so that it can be established an exchange of opinions on the topics discussed in class. Each of the students will have bibliographical references where you can find each of the contents as well as the wide range of information found in the virtual pages, taking advantage of the use of technology. In order to keep a record of the work sessions the student must document all the learning activities through a portfolio and the field diaries, each of the workshops held in class will have a score that will contribute to the total score of the subject, those jobs that were not submitted for non-attendance are not justified. The punctuality to the work sessions is of vital importance that is why the work session will be started. The subject will have lectures, as well as practical workshops, these workshops will be individual and group, team activities will explore each of the individual strengths to consolidate in the outcome of the workshop, preparing the future professional cooperative work that It is in the real world. After each topic discussed, the student's knowledge will be evaluated through a written evaluation. The tasks and independent works will be received through the Amauta platform, for this the teacher must open a new task, with an opening date and a maximum deadline, in this task the basic guidelines will be given so that the student can perform the problem; Likewise, a forum will open in the Amauta in relation to the task performed, so that all the questions are answered for the group of students. VIII. DIDACTIC RESOURCES Copies Student´s book The Architecture of Computer Hardware, systems software networking, Irv Englander) Cd Radio Internet Computers Posters. Projector Copies Posters IX. ASSESSMENT LEARNING SYSTEM The evaluation system will be systematic, participatory and permanent with the aim of acquiring the cognitive and investigative skills and abilities that guarantee the quality and integrity of the professional training and the integral valuation of the apprenticeships. For the respective evaluation, the management of learning proposed by the teacher and with the direct and collaborative interaction of the students, the management of the practice and experimentation of the students, and the learning management that the students will propose through the research that will be evaluated will be valued. You will see evidenced in the autonomous work.


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The Regulation of the Internal System of Student Evaluation was taken as reference to proceed to evaluate the subject of English IV, in this way the assessment of the acquired knowledge and skills evidenced within the classroom in each of the evaluations is taken as an evaluation criterion applied to students, demonstrating by means of these that is suitable for professional development. Therefore, from the first day of classes, the didactic units and the evaluation criteria of the final project will be presented, evidenced in the syllabus and calendar plan delivered to the students. In addition, the object of study will be determined, which in this case are the principles, laws and networking theories of and each one of the points that this entails for its approval. It is explained to the students that the semester is composed of two partials with a duration of ten weeks of classes each, in each partial the daily activities of the classes will be evaluated on five points: autonomous works, research works, performances in classes, case studies, practical exercises and workshops; about two points a partial exam that will be taken at week ten and week twenty. In this way, each partial will have a total score of seven points at most. The final exam will be represented by an integrating project of subjects where the subject is accounting processes and has a three-point assessment. Therefore, the student can obtain a total score of ten points maximum. Once the student presents its integrative project and defends the questions proposed by the court, the note obtained will be notified at that moment and the corresponding signature will be made. Within the equivalences of grades are classified as follows:

- 10.00 to 9.50: excellent - 9.49 to 8.50: very good - 8.49 to 8.00: good - 7.99 to 7.00: regular - 6.99 less: poor The students must reach a minimum score of 7.00 points to pass the subject, being the obligatory character the presentation of the integrating project. If the student does not reach the 7.00 points necessary to pass the subject, must present a supplementary exam that is evaluated on ten points and equivalent to 60% of his final grade, the remaining 40% to the grade obtained in the final ordinary ratings. Those students who cannot attend the recovery exam are those who are studying the subject for the third time, and who have not reached the minimum grade of 2.50 / 4 in the final grade, or who are in the street failed by miss 25 % or more in the subject taught. The evaluation parameters of the present project or the linkage activities of the subject are the following:


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GENERAL SCORES Inform - Project structure 0, 30 - Writing 0, 30 - Investigation 0, 15 Exposition - Introduction 0, 50 -Materials 0, 10 - Outfit 0, 15 TOTAL 1, 50 SPECIFIC SCORES - Elaboration of the accounting process 0.50 - Questions to the student 0.50 -coherence and development of Scientific Article 0, 50 TOTAL 1,50 The grade obtained in the subject will be added and averaged the rest of subjects and that will be the note that each student for the presentation of the integrating project. The student is not satisfied with the project note. It can be updated by itself in a period no longer than three days. The teacher will have a period of 72 hours to socialize the improved version, then it will be added to the final minutes and the students' signature will be taken. The projects presented are some improvements or a correction if the case is merited with the purpose of being presented at the fair of scientific projects that the Institute Superior Ismael Pérez Pazmiño will launch every year. X BASIC AND COMPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY

✓ Knurl Sarkar, Tools for teaching Computer Networking and hardware concepts. ✓ NATVVC, Computer hardware technician ✓ IRV ENGLANDER, The architecture of computer hardware, systems software,

networking ✓ HOWSTUFFWORKS, How internet infrastructure Works” (2009). ✓ MURPHY, R. Essential Grammar in Use, Editions Cambridge, University Press,

Second Edition. ✓ STARES Martin “Computer” London Heinemann Educational 2011. ✓ GLENDINING Erich “Based English Computing” Oxford ✓ Consejo de Educación Superior, CES. (2016, Julio). Artículo 8. Recuperated de ✓ http://www.uleam.edu.ec/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reglamento-del-

sistema-de-evaluacion-estudiantil.pdf ✓ Revista de investigación e innovación en la clase de idiomas, 11(1), 141-153 ✓ Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior, LOES. (2018, Agosto). Artículo 124. ✓ Recuperado de http://www.lexis.com.ec/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/LEY-

ORGANICA-DE-EDUCACION-SUPERIOR-LOES.pdf ✓ Long, M. M., and Schiff man, L. G. (2000). Consumption values and

relationships: segmenting

http://www.uleam.edu.ec/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reglamento-del-sistema-de-


http://www.lexis.com.ec/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/LEY-ORGANICA-DE-



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✓ Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Retrieved from https://rm.coe.int/cefr-companion-volume-with-new-descriptors-2018/1680787989

✓ Study guide fourth edition THE AARCHITECTURE OF COMPUTER HARDWARE

REVIEW AND APPROVAL

Elaborad by: Lcdo. Antonio Ángel Herrera

English-teacher

Checked by:

Ing. José Arce Coordinator

Approved by:

Dra. Maria Isabel Jaramillo Deputy Headmaster

https://rm.coe.int/cefr-companion-volume-with-new-descriptors-2018/1680787989



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Orientation guide for the use of study guides

This guide contains information about the contents, the object, general objective,

specific objectives, activities, methodology, evaluation methods and other interesting

parameters for the students of the Third semester taking the Networking’s. Study it

carefully, as it is the key to finding the main points of the topics to deal with the subject

during the semester study. In addition, you should take into account the following:

1 All the contents developed in the subject contribute to your professional

development, research ethics and application in society.

2 The work of the student after the lessons is focused in placing the topics explained

there in the framework of the course, as well as in the resolution

Of practical exercises

3 The final work of the subject will be with the application of the scientific research

methodology.

4 The educational process must provide the value of consistency because it is useless

to have excellent planning and a schedule if you are not persistent

5 To learn this subject do not memorize the concepts, relational with reality and your

context, so you will apply the significant themes in your personal and professional life.

6 You must read the indicated text to later develop the activities individually or in groups

7 Below, include image on it


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ICONS

8 Welcome to this new academic periodic 2020

SUGGESTIONS Teacher recommendations to know the level of understanding of the contents.

WORKSHOP Feedback with workshops on the topics studied.

REFLECTION Teacher recommendations to know the level of understanding of the contents.

HOMEWORKS Reinforce the knowledge acquired, by preparing work at home.

THE KEY POINTS . Important information in the content treated

DISCUSSION FORUM Clear doubts of the students by means of a forum of the subject of the treated class

SUMMARY Summary of the context

EVALUATION Evaluate the level of assimilation of the student.


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Development activities

Unit 1:

Network and data communication

INTRODUCTION

In this first unit, I invite you to learn enormous advances that technology has made to

the world are the key to train professionals capable of facing the constant evolution

that it requires. In addition, there is a need to develop the skills of the English language

examine and introduction of basic terminology. It will analyze the various problems that

arise in the technology area and how to improve our activities. The performance

indicators in the networks and communication will be known together with the planning

and control concepts, and the methods of aggregate planning is directly related to the

English language, whose purpose is framed in providing more alternatives to the

students in the development of their career.

Objective

I: Apply technical terminology in English language for the use of connectivity

equipment and programs that allow its manipulation.

TCP/IP and other communication models

The TCP/network model

Network and data communication

Network topology

Local Area Network

The OSI network model

Types of networksMetropolitan Area

Network

Wide Area Netwworks

Internet Backphones and the Internet

Piconets


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Topic I:

The impact of networking on business processes and user access to knowledge

and services.

Business process management (BPM) is a set of activities designed to assure that the

organization's assets are in harmony, guaranteeing the efficiency of the operation, with

input, transformation and output processes consuming only the resources necessary

to attain the goals. BPM can be applied through radical changes (business process re-

engineering, BPR) or gradual business process improvements (BPI) using approaches

such as benchmarking and process redesign (Business Process Design - BPD)

(Adesola & Baines, 2005). It usually involves activities such as: documentation to

understand process flows; property specification to establish responsibilities;

management to optimize previously established performance measures; and

improvement to increase product quality or process performance.

First, I invite you to conceptualize Networking and business emphasizing the importance in an organization, identifying the user accesses problems

that occur within this area through the following reading


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Introduce your pattern, not the actual guideline. Here are some things to include:

Help in some Activities develop guideline in class

It is use with whole class to engage students to check material


21


Break down the pattern into its individual elements, showing the series of steps a user

has to go through. Include:

The followings activities the students have to research information, dependent

activities given with

The information the student has completed and answer some question

Accessibility

Consider how the activities will be develop in class might work for people with different

skills, using abilities and situations during the semester

2. Why computer are networks an important part of today’s information technology systems?

Today most businesses use networks to deliver information to employees, suppliers, and customers. A computer network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together by communications channels to share data and information. Today’s networks often link thousands of users and can transmit audio and video as well as data.

Networks include clients and servers. The client is the application that runs on a personal computer or workstation. It relies on a server that manages network resources or performs special tasks such as storing files, managing one or more printers, or processing database queries. Any user on the network can access the server’s capabilities.

By making it easy and fast to share information, networks have created new ways to work and increase productivity. They provide more efficient use of resources, permitting communication and collaboration across distance and time. With file sharing, all employees, regardless of location, have access to the same information. Shared databases also eliminate duplication of effort. Employees at different sites can “screen-share” computer files, working on data as if they were in the same room. Their computers are connected by phone or cable lines, they all see the same thing on their display, and anyone can make changes that are seen by the other participants. The employees can also use the networks for videoconferencing.

Networks make it possible for companies to run enterprise software, large programs with integrated modules that manage all of the corporation’s internal operations. Enterprise resource planning systems run on networks. Typical subsystems include finance, human resources, engineering, sales and order distribution, and order management and procurement. These modules work independently and then automatically exchange information, creating a company-wide system that includes current delivery dates, inventory status, quality control, and other critical information. Let’s now look at the basic types of networks companies use to transmit data—local


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area networks and wide area networks—and popular networking applications such as intranets and virtual private networks.

Connecting Near and Far with Networks

Two basic types of networks are distinguished by the area they cover. A local area network (LAN) lets people at one site exchange data and share the use of hardware and software from a variety of computer manufacturers. LANs offer companies a more cost-effective way to link computers than linking terminals to a mainframe computer. The most common uses of LANs at small businesses, for example, are office automation, accounting, and information management. LANs can help companies reduce staff, streamline operations, and cut processing costs. LANs can be set up with wired or wireless connections.

A wide area network (WAN) connects computers at different sites via telecommunications media such as phone lines, satellites, and microwaves. A modem connects the computer or a terminal to the telephone line and transmits data almost instantly, in less than a second. The internet is essentially a worldwide WAN. Communications companies, such as AT&T, Verizon, and Sprint, operate very large WANs. Companies also connect LANs at various locations into WANs. WANs make it possible for companies to work on critical projects around the clock by using teams in different time zones.

Several forms of WANs—intranets, virtual private networks (VPN), and extranets—use internet technology. Here we will look at intranets, internal corporate networks that are widely available in the corporate world, and VPNs. Although wireless networks have been around for more than a decade, they are increasing in use because of falling costs, faster and more reliable technology, and improved standards. They are similar to their wired LAN and WAN cousins; except they use radio, frequency signals to transmit data. You use a wireless WAN (WWAN) regularly when you use your cellular phone. WANs’ coverage can span several countries. Telecommunications carriers operate using wireless WANs.

Wireless LANs (WLAN) that transmit data at one site offer an alternative to traditional wired systems. WLANs’ reach is a radius of 500 feet indoors and 1,000 feet outdoors and can be extended with antennas, transmitters, and other devices. The wireless devices communicate with a wired access point into the wired network. WLANs are convenient for specialized applications where wires are in the way or when employees are in different locations in a building. Hotels, airports, restaurants, hospitals, retail establishments, universities, and warehouses are among the largest users of WLANs, also known as Wi-Fi. For example, the Veterans Administration Hospital in West Haven, Connecticut, recently added Wi-Fi access in all patient rooms to upgrade its existing WLAN to improve patient access, quality, and reliability. The new WLAN supports many different functions, from better on-site communication among doctors and nurses through both data transmission and voice-over-internet phone systems to data-centric applications such as its Meditech clinical information system and pharmacy management.

file:///C:/Users/Usuario/AppData/Local/Temp/Jason%20Newton%20and%20Jesse%20Gosselin,%20“VA%20Looks%20to%20Install%20WiFi%20after%20News%208%20Story,” WTNH%20News%208,%20http:/wtnh.com,%20February%2020,%202017


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Business knowledge is an important strategic asset. It is a sum of skills,

experiences, capabilities and expert insight, which you collectively create

and rely on in your business. As a shared resource, knowledge shapes

and affects all the activities in and around your business.

Jason Newton and Jesse Gosselin, “VA Looks to Install WiFi after News 8 Story,” WTNH News 8, http://wtnh.com, February 20, 2017.

Worshop:

Homework:

Fórum:

Investigate the importance of the networking process.

The student will be able to explain through a graphic organizer the impact of networking on business processes.

Topic: the impact of networking on business




24


Glossary

Find new vocabulary with the meaning

.

¡Let’s do it!

WORDS MEANINGS

1

2

3

4

5

What impact does knowledge management have on Organizations?

What is the role of knowledge management system in business?

What is the role of knowledge management system in business?


25


Topic 2:

BASIC DATA COMMUNICATION CONCEPTS, TCP/IP AND OTHER

COMMUNICATION MODELS

To discuss computer networking, it is necessary to use terms that have special

meaning. Even other computer professionals may not be familiar with all the terms in

the networking alphabet soup. As is always the case, English and computer-speak are

not equivalent (or even necessarily compatible) languages. Although descriptions and

examples should make the meaning of the networking jargon more apparent,

sometimes terms are ambiguous. A common frame of reference is necessary for

understanding data communications terminology. An architectural model developed by

the International Standards Organization (ISO) is frequently used to describe the

structure and function of data communications protocols. This architectural model,

which is called the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Reference model, provides a

common reference for discussing communications. The terms defined by this model

are well understood and widely used in the data communications community -- so

widely used, in fact, that it is difficult to discuss data communications without using

OSI's terminology. The OSI Reference Model contains seven layers that define the

functions of data communications protocols. Each layer of the OSI model represents a

function performed when data is transferred between cooperating applications across

an intervening network. Figure 1-1 identifies each layer by name and provides a short

functional description for it. Looking at this figure, the protocols are like a pile of building

blocks stacked one upon another. Because of this appearance, the structure is often

called a stack or protocol stack.

docstore.mik.ua/orally/networking_2ndEd/tcp/ch01_02.htm

First i invite you to conceptualize basic data communication concept and tcp and other communication models identifying the user problem that occur within this area through the following reading


26


A Data Communication Model

To discuss computer networking, it is necessary to use terms that have

special meaning. Even other computer professionals may not be familiar

with all the terms in the networking alphabet soup. As is always the case,

English and computer-speak are not equivalent (or even necessarily

compatible) languages. Although descriptions and examples should

make the meaning of the networking jargon more apparent, sometimes

terms are ambiguous. A common frame of reference is necessary for

understanding data communications terminology.

TCP/IP, or the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite

of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the

internet. TCP/IP can also be located used as a communications protocol

in a private computer network (an intranet or an extranet).


27


Workshop:

Homework:

Fórum:

Investigate the importance. A Data communication Model

The student will be able to explain through main ideas. A Data

Communication Model and TCP/IP

Topic A Data communication Model and TCPIP


28


Glossary


.

¡Let’s do it!

What is a data communication model?

What is TCP IP in data communication?

What are the five components of data communication?

What is the main purpose of data communication?

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-role-of-knowledge-management-systems-in-an-organization

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-role-of-knowledge-management-systems-in-an-organization


29


WORDS MEANINGS

1

2

3

4

5


30


Topic 3

THE OSI NETWORK MODEL TYPES OF NETWORKS, NETWORK

TOPOLOGY.

THE OSI

When most non-technical people hear the term “seven layers”, either they think of the

popular Super Bowl bean dip or they mistakenly think about the seven layers of Hell,

courtesy of Dante’s Inferno (there are nine). For IT professionals, the seven layers

refer to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, a conceptual framework that

describes the functions of a networking or telecommunication system.

The model uses layers to help give a visual description of what is going on with a

particular networking system. This can help network managers narrow down problems

(Is it a physical issue or something with the application?), as well as computer

programmers (when developing an application, which other layers does it need to work

with?). Tech vendors selling new products will often refer to the OSI model to help

customers understand which layer their products work with or whether it works “across

the stack”.

Conceived in the 1970s when computer networking was taking off, two separate

models were merged in 1983 and published in 1984 to create the OSI model that most

people are familiar with today. Most descriptions of the OSI model go from top to

bottom, with the numbers going from Layer 7 down to Layer 1. The layers, and what

they represent, are as follows:

First, I invite you to conceptualize Types of Network emphasizing the importance in an organization, identifying the user accesses problems that occur within this area through the following reading


31


Layer 7 - Application

To further our bean dip analogy, the Application Layer is the one at the top - it is what

most users see. In the OSI model, this layer is the “closest to the end user”.

Applications that work at Layer 7 are the ones that users interact with directly. A web

browser (Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, etc.) or other app - Skype, Outlook, Office -

are examples of Layer 7 applications.

Layer 6 - Presentation

The Presentation Layer represents the area that is independent of data representation

at the application layer - in general, it represents the preparation or translation of

application format to network format, or from network formatting to application format.

In other words, the layer “presents” data for the application or the network. A good

example of this is encryption and decryption of data for secure transmission - this

happens at Layer 6.

Layer 5 - Session

When two devices, computers or servers need to “speak” with one another, a session

needs to be created, and this is done at the Session Layer. Functions at this layer

involve setup, coordination (how long should a system wait for a response, for

example) and termination between the applications at each end of the session.

Layer 4 – Transport

The Transport Layer deals with the coordination of the data transfer between end

systems and hosts. How much data to send, at what rate, where it goes, etc. The best-

known example of the Transport Layer is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP),

which is built on top of the Internet Protocol (IP), commonly known as TCP/IP. TCP

and UDP port numbers work at Layer 4, while IP addresses work at Layer 3, the

Network Layer.

Introduce your pattern, not the actual guideline. Here are some things to include:


32



33


OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It has been developed by

ISO – ‘International Organization of Standardization‘, in the year 1984. It

is a 7-layer architecture with each layer having specific functionality to

perform. All these seven layers work collaboratively to transmit the data

from one person to another across the globe.

Workshop:

Homework:

Fórum:

Investigate the importance of the network topology.

What are types of network topology? What is a network topology? What are the three main network topologies?

The student will be able to talk about Type a of network topology.

Topic: the importance of the network topology.


34


Glossary


.

¡Let’s do it!

WORDS MEANINGS

1

2

3

4

5


35


Topic 4

LOCAL AREA NETWORK WAN, MAN.

A local-area network (LAN) is a computer network that spans a relatively small area.

Most often, a LAN is confined to a single room, building or group of buildings; however,

one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any distance via telephone lines and

radio waves.

Types of area networks – LAN, MAN and WAN

The Network allows computers to connect and communicate with different computers via any medium. LAN, MAN and WAN are the three major types of the network designed to operate over the area they cover. There are some similarities and dissimilarities between them. One of the major differences is the geographical area

First, I invite you to conceptualize local Area Network MAN WAN of Network emphasizing the importance in an organization, identifying the user accesses problems that occur within this area through the following

reading


36


they cover, i.e. LAN covers the smallest area; MAN covers an area larger than LAN and WAN comprises the largest of all. There are other types of Computer Networks also, like: Local, Area Network (LAN) LAN or Local Area Network connects network devices in such a way that personal computer and workstations can share data, tools and programs. The group of computers and devices are connected together by a switch, or stack of switches, using a private addressing scheme as defined by the TCP/IP protocol. Private addresses are unique in relation to other computers on the local network. Routers are found at the boundary of a LAN, connecting them to the larger WAN. Data transmits at a very fast rate, as the number of computers linked are limited. By definition, the connections must be high speed and relatively inexpensive hardware (Such as hubs, network adapters and Ethernet cables). LANs cover smaller geographical area (Size is limited to a few kilometers) and are privately owned. One can use it for an office building, home, hospital, schools, etc. LAN is easy to design and maintain. A Communication medium used for LAN has twisted pair cables and coaxial cables. It covers a short distance, and so the error and noise are minimized.

Wide Area Network (WAN) WAN or Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large geographical area, although it might be confined within the bounds of a state or country. A WAN could be a connection of LAN connecting to other LAN’s via telephone lines and radio waves and may be limited to an enterprise (a corporation or an organization) or accessible to the public. The technology is high speed and relatively expensive. There are two types of WAN: Switched WAN and Point-to-Point WAN. WAN is difficult to design and maintain. Similar to a MAN, the fault tolerance of a WAN is less and there is more congestion in the network. A Communication medium used for WAN is PSTN or Satellite Link. Due to long distance transmission, the noise and error tend to be more in WAN.

WAN’s data rate is slow about a 10th LAN’s speed, since it involves increased distance and increased number of servers and terminals etc. Speeds of WAN ranges from few kilobits per second (Kbps) to megabits per second (Mbps). Propagation delay is one of the biggest problems faced here. Devices used for transmission of data through WAN are: Optic wires, Microwaves and Satellites. Example of a Switched WAN is the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network and Point-to-Point WAN is dial-up line that connects a home computer to the Internet.


37


A computer network is a group of computers connected with each other

through a transmission medium such as cable, wire etc. In this guide, we

will discuss the types of computer networks in detail.


38


Network

1. Local Area Network (LAN)

1. Local area network is a group of computers connected with each other in a small places such as school, hospital, apartment etc. 2. LAN is secure because there is no outside connection with the local area network thus the data, which is shared, is safe on the local area network and cannot be accessed outside. 3. LAN due to their small size are considerably faster, their speed can range anywhere from 100 to 100Mbps. 4. LANs are not limited to wire connection; there is a new evolution to the LANs that allows local area network to work on a wireless connection.

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)


39


MAN network covers larger area by connections LANs to a larger network of computers. In Metropolitan area network, various Local area networks are connected with each other through telephone lines. The size of the Metropolitan area network is larger than LANs and smaller than WANs (wide area networks), a MANs covers the larger area of a city or town.

Workshop:

Homework:

Fórum:

Investigate the importance of LAN MAN WAN.

The student will be able to talk about LAN MAN.WAN.

Topic: the importance of the LAN, MAN, WAN.


40


Glossary


.

¡Let’s do it !

Reflection:

WORDS MEANINGS

1

2

3

4

5

What is local area network with example? Where can you find a LAN? How does a local area network work? What are the types of LAN?

Describe in your own words the importance of Networks technology:


41


UNIT 1 EVALUATION

1. WHAT DO YOU UNDERTAND ABOUT TECHNOLOGY

2. WHY DO YOU CONSIDER NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATION

IMPORTANT?

3. MAKE A SUMMARY ABOUT THE MOST IMPORTANT THING LEARNED?

4. The exercises to work, you can find some examples in the information

given using networking and technology?


42



Unit 2:

ETHERNET AND TCP/IP NETWORK

INTRODUCTION

In this second unit, I invite you to learn enormous advances that technology has made to the world are the key to train professionals capable of facing the constant evolution that it requires. In addition, there is a need to develop the skills of the English language examine and introduction of basic terminology. It will analyze the various problems that arise in the technology area and how to improve our activities. The performance indicators in the networks and communication will be known together with the planning and control concepts, and the methods of aggregate planning is directly related to the English language, whose purpose is framed in providing more alternatives to the students in the development of their career.

Objective II: Design formal presentations to discuss technical subjects related to their

field of study.

Topic I:

Ethernet and TCP/IP network

Introducing the process-the application layer

Domain names and DNS services

Next steps-TCP and the transport layer

The network layer, IP addresses, and ARP

Quality of services

Network security

Alternative protocols


43


INTRODUCING THE PROCESS- THE APPLICATION, LAYER DOMAIN

NAMES AND DNS SERVICES

DNS is a host name to IP address translation service. DNS is a distributed database implemented in a hierarchy of name servers. It is an application layer protocol for message exchange between clients and servers.

Requirement Every host is identified by the IP address but remembering numbers is very difficult for the people and also the IP addresses are not static, therefore a mapping is required to change the domain name to IP address. So DNS is used to convert the domain name of the websites to their numerical IP address.

Domain: There are various kinds of DOMAIN:

1. Generic domain: .com (commercial) (educational) .mil (military) .org (non-profit organization) .net (similar to commercial) all these are generic domain.

2. Country domain .in (India) .us .uk 3. Inverse domain if we want to know what is the domain name of the website. I to

domain name mapping’s DNS can provide both the mapping for example to find the ip addresses of geeksforgeeks.org then we have to type lookup www.geeksforgeeks.org.

Organization of Domain

First, I invite you to conceptualize Introducing the process- the presentation emphasizing its importance in an domain identifying the services problems that occur within this area through the following reading

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/


44


Monika Singh contributes this article

Workshop:

While we will get to AWS’s Route53 Domain Name System (DNS)

service in the second part of this series, I thought it would be helpful

to first variety sure that we properly understand just how DNS works

in general. Once we are comfortable with the DNS process and

terminology, we will explore migrating existing domains to Route53.

The student will be able to talk about Domain Name System

https://cloudacademy.com/blog/route53-dns-migration/


45


Homework:

Fórum:

Summary

Investigate and make a graphic organizer about the importance of

Domain Name System.

Topic: the importance Domain Name System.

TCP/IP vs. OSI: What is the Difference between the Two Models? When we are talking about layer 2 switches and layer 3 Ethernet switch,

we are actually referring to the layers of a generic protocol model—Open

Source Interconnect (OSI) model. It is a commonly used in describing

network communications. The data communications between different

networks are not possible if there are no common rules for transmitting

and receiving the packets of data. These rules are known as protocols,

among which the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol

(IP) is one of the most widely used. The TCP/IP model is generally used

in network description and is older than OSI model. They both have many

layers, what is the difference between them?

javascript:;

https://www.fs.com/c/ethernet-switches-3079


46


Glossary


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¡Let’s do it!

WORDS MEANINGS

1

2

3

4

5


47


Topic III:

QUALITY OF SERVICES, NETWORK SECURITY

Quality of Service (QoS) is a set of technologies that work on a network to guarantee

its ability to dependably run high-priority applications and traffic under limited

network capacity. QoS technologies accomplish this by providing differentiated

handling and capacity allocation to specific flows in network traffic. This enables the

network administrator to assign the order in which packets are handled, and the

amount of bandwidth afforded to that application or traffic flow.

Measurements of concern to QoS are bandwidth (throughput), latency (delay), jitter

(variance in latency), and error rate. This renders QoS of particular importance to

high-bandwidth, real-time traffic such as voice over IP (VoIP), video conferencing,

and video-on-demand that have a high sensitivity to latency and jitter. These

applications, with minimum bandwidth requirements and maximum latency limits,

are called “inelastic.”

The QoS mechanisms for ordering packets and allotting bandwidth are queuing and

bandwidth management respectively. Before they can be implemented however,

traffic must be differentiated using classification tools. The classification of traffic

according to policy allows organizations to ensure the consistency and adequate

availability of resources for their most important applications.

First, I invite you to conceptualize Quality of services, Network security

with the importance identifying the addresses problems that occur

within this area through the following reading

https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/pan/en_US/documentation/80/pan-os/pan-os/quality-of-service


48


Network security is a broad term that covers a multitude of technologies, devices

and processes. In its simplest term, it is a set of rules and configurations designed

to protect the integrity, confidentiality and accessibility of computer networks and

data using both software and hardware technologies. Every organization,

regardless of size, industry or infrastructure, requires a degree of network security

solutions in place to protect it from the ever-growing landscape of cyber threats

in the wild today.


49


https://www.forcepoint.com/resources/industry-analyst-reports/2018-gartner-magic-quadrant-enterprise-network-firewalls Workshop:

Homework:

Fórum:

Summary

Investigate and make a Word map about network security quality

services

The student will be able to talk about network security

Topic: quality of service Network security

Why do you consider important?

Today's network architecture is complex and is faced with a threat environment that is always changing and attackers that are always trying to find and exploit vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities can exist in a broad number of areas, including devices, data, applications, users and locations. For this reason, many network security supervision riggings and applications in use today address individual threats and exploits and regulatory non-compliance. When just a few minutes of downtime can cause widespread disruption and massive damage to an organization's bottom line and reputation, it is essential that these protection measures be in place.

How does quality of service work? Why is quality of service important in networking? What are the quality of service parameters? What is quality of service in telecommunication?


50


Glossary


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¡Let’s do it!

WORDS MEANINGS

1

2

3

4

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51


Topic IV:

ALTERNATIVE PROTOCOLS

Two protocol alternatives have been specified for the S2b interface: a PMIP-based

variant and a GTP-based variant. The protocol stacks for the GTP-based alternative

are described in Section 15.3. The protocol stacks for the PMIP-based variant are

shown in Figures 15.28 (control plane) and 15.29 (user plane). The ePDG acts as an

MAG for PMIPv6 and the PDN GW acts as an LMA. The user plane is tunneled using

GRE. The key field extensions of GRE are used (IETF RFC 5845), where the key field

value is used to identify a PDN connection.

A layer two forwarding table is a look-up table indexed by destination MAC address,

where the table entry indicates which port on the switch should be used to forward the

packet. In the case of early, stand-alone bridges, when a frame was first received from

a device on a given interface, the switch could learn the sender’s MAC address and

location and populate its forwarding table with this new information. When a frame

arrived destined for that address, it could then use the forwarding table to send that

frame out the correct port. In the case that an unknown destination address was

received, the bridge could flood this out all interfaces, knowing that it would be dropped

on all attached networks except the one where the destination actually resided. This

approach no longer worked once bridges were interconnected into networks of bridges

as there were multiple paths to reach that destination, and unless a single one was

chosen predictably, an infinite loop could be created. While a static mapping of MAC

addresses to ports was an alternative, protocols were developed that allowed the

bridge to learn MAC addresses dynamically, and to learn how to assign these to ports

in such a way as to automatically avoid creating switching loops yet predictably be able

to reach the destination MAC address, even when that required transiting multiple

intermediate bridges. We discuss some of these MAC-learning protocols below to

illustrate ways that the legacy layer two switch’s forwarding table can be built up

automatically.

First, I invite you to conceptualize Alternative protocols With the importance in the technology that occur within this area through the following reading


52


As we explained earlier, the Ethernet switch’s role is to bridge multiple layer two

networks. The most simplistic concept of such a device includes only the ability to

maintain a forwarding table of MAC addresses such that when a frame reaches the

switch it understands on which attached layer two network that destination MAC

address exists, and to forward it out on that layer two network. Clearly, if the frame

arrived on a given port, and if the destination is reachable via that same port,

the Ethernet switch need not be involved in forwarding that frame to its destination. In

this case, the frame was dropped. The task of the Ethernet switch is considerably more

complex when multiple Ethernet switches are connected into complicated topologies

containing loops. Without taking care to prevent such situations, it was possible to

accidentally construct forwarding loops where a frame is sent back to a switch that had

forwarded it earlier ad infinitum. The performance impact of such switching loops is

more exaggerated in layer two switching than layer three, since the MAC header has

no analog to the layer three TTL field, which limits the number of times the packet can

transit routers before it is dropped. Thus, an unintentional loop in a layer two network

can literally bring the network to a halt, where the switch appears frozen, but is actually

one hundred percent occupied forwarding the same packet over and over through the

loop.

Magnus Olsson, Catherine Mulligan, in EPC and 4G Packet Networks (Second

Edition), 2013

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/ethernet-switch

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/ethernet-switch

https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780123945952

https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780123945952


53


Workshop:

Homework:

Fórum:

The second layer consists of a single protocol—the Internet Protocol (IP). ... TCP

and UDP provide alternative logical channels to application programs: TCP ...

the Internet as a whole; for an excellent summary on Internet history, refer to

Investigate and make a summary about the importance alternative

protocol

The student will be able to talk about alternative protocol

Topic: alternative protocol.

Why do you consider important?

What is protocol in simple words? What are the seven layers of TCP IP?

https://www.plixer.com/blog/network-layers-explained/

https://www.plixer.com/blog/network-layers-explained/


54


Summary

Glossary


.

¡Let’s do it!

Reflection:

WORDS MEANINGS

1

2

3

4

5

Connectionless protocol used for moving data around a network.

Describe in your own words the importance of networks security:


55


UNIT 2 EVALUATION

1. WHAT DO YOU UNDERTAND ABOUT QUALITY AND SERVICES

2. WHY DO YOU CONSIDER IMPORTANT SOCIAL NETWORK?

3. MAKE A SUMMARY ABOUT THE MOST IMPORTANT THING LEARNED

4 The exercises to work, you can find some examples in the information given

IN THE UNIT 2


56



Unit 3:

COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

In this third unit, I invite you to learn enormous advances that technology has made to

the world are the key to train professionals capable of facing the constant evolution

that it requires. In addition, there is a need to develop the skills of the English language

examine and introduction of basic terminology. It will analyze the various problems that

arise in the technology area and how to improve our activities. The performance

indicators in the networks and communication will be known together with the planning

and control concepts, and the methods of aggregate planning is directly related to the

English language, whose purpose is framed in providing more alternatives to the

students in the development of their career

Unit 3:

COMMUNICATIONS CHANNEL TECHNOLOGY

Objectives III Utilize the knowledge of the English language to get access to a wider

research material available in networking and telecommunication technology.

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

s ch

ann

el

tech

no

logy

Communication channel technology

The fundamentals of signaling technology

Transmission media and signaling methods

Wireless networking

Wi-fi


57


Topic I:

INTRODUCING COMMUNICATION CHANNEL TECHNOLOGY, THE

FUNDAMENTALS OF SIGNALING TECHNOLOGY

14.0 INTRODUCTION

In Chapter 12, we introduced the concept of a communication channel. We noted that

communication channels are fundamental to modern technology, whether we are

discussing wired networks, wireless networks, a backbone of the Internet, cell phones,

satellite television, or even your TV remote control. The discussion of channels

in Chapter 12 presents features of the channel, introduces channel media and shows

how communication channels and channel segments—or links—are interconnected to

build networks. Chapter 14 extends the discussion by introducing the fundamental

technology of communication channels.

First, in Section 14.1, we review some of the characteristics and features of the channel

that are governed most directly by the technology. We have carefully differentiated

between end-to-end channels and channels that are links. Since the technology can

differ from link to link, we note that the emphasis in this chapter is almost entirely on

channels that are individual links. The major topics of interest include the signaling

methods used to represent data, the relationships between the signaling methods and

the choice of media, and the characteristics of channels.

Fundamental signaling techniques and the general characteristics of channels...

First, I invite you to know about communication channel The services

problems that occur within this area through the following reading

https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/the-architecture-of/9781118322635/23_chapter12.html#chap12



https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/the-architecture-of/9781118322635/25_chapter14.html#sec14.1


58


Get The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software, & Networking: An

Information Technology Approach, fifth Edition now with O’Reilly online learning.

Workshop:

Homework:

Importance of Communication

A breakdown in the communication channel leads to an inefficient

flow in information. For example, if employees are unaware of what

the organization expects of them, this could cause employees to

become suspicious of motives and changes in the company. This

could negatively affect productivity in the workplace. If productivity

decreases, eventually this will harm the organization as a whole.

Investigate and make a graphic organizer about the importance the

fundamentals of signaling technology

The student talk about importance of communication


59


Fórum:

What are the five channels of communication? What are the types of communication channel? What is communication channel used for? What are the two main channels of communication?

Summary

Topic: the importance the fundamentals of signaling technology

Transmission Media & Types

In network communications, a transmission medium is a physical connection or an interface

between the transmitter and the receiver. There are two major categories of transmission media,

namely guided and wireless (or unguided). Let us take a walk through the types of transmission

media and connectors in detail in this lesson.

Let us first take a closer look at the different types of guided transmission media one at a time.

https://smallbusiness.chron.com/communication-channels-within-organization-61447.html



60


Glossary


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¡Let’s do it!

WORDS MEANINGS

1

2

3

4

5


61


Topic II:

TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND SIGNALING METHODS, WIRELESS

NETWORKING

Transmission Media & Types

In network communications, a transmission medium is a physical connection or an interface between the transmitter and the receiver. There are two major categories of transmission media, namely guided and wireless (or unguided). Let us take a walk through the types of transmission media and connectors in detail in this lesson.

Let us first take a closer look at the different types of guided transmission media one at a time.

1. Twist Ed Pair Cable

Twisted pair cables have been around for a long time. They were mainly invented for voice transmissions. Twisted pair is a widely used medium in networking because it is lighter, cheaper, more flexible, easy to install, and provides greater speeds than coaxial cables. There are two types of twisted pair cables: the unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and the shielded twisted pair (STP). Let us take a closer look at each of them.

The unshielded twisted pair cable has 4 pairs of copper wires that are present inside a plastic sheath. These wires are twisted to protect them from interference. The only protection available for a UTP cable is a plastic sheath that is thin in size.

First, I invite you to know problems about transmit ion media signal

method wireless networking that occur within this area through the

following reading


62


Dinesh Thakur holds a B.C.A, MCSE, MCDBA, CCNA, CCNP, A+, SCJP certifications. Dinesh authors the hugely popular Computer Notes blog.

Wireless networking in the Developing World is a free book about designing, implementing, and maintaining low-cost wireless networks. ... Its primary goal is to help expand access to the Internet and to expand the deployment of community networks where there is currently no infrastructure to enable this to happen.

A

System and method are provided for controlling the gain of signals transported over

transmission media in a distributed antenna network. The system includes a plurality of

remote antenna units where each remote unit includes a signal level comparator for comparing

the level of the signals received by, the respective antenna unit with a predetermined reference

level, and a gain controller for reducing the gain of the remote antenna unit when the signal

level comparator determines that the level of the received signal exceeds said predetermined

orientation level. The system may accommodate TDMA systems when a gain controller is

castoff that is fast enough to respond within the time slots of the received signals. As a result,

the signal levels output from the remote antenna units are prevented from exceeding a

maximum signal level.


63


Workshop:

Homework:

Fórum:

What do you understand by transmission media discuss all types of transmission media?

Summary

A wireless network allows devices to stay connected to the network but roam untethered to

any wires. Access points amplify Wi-Fi signals, so a device can be far from a router but still be

connected to the network. When you connect to a Wi-Fi hotspot at a cafe, a hotel, an airport

lounge, or another public place, you are connecting to that business's wireless network.

Investigate and make a summary using the information given with your

own words.

The student will be able to talk about transmit ion media and types

What are the three types of guided media? What are the categories of transmission media?

Topic: the importance of transmit ion media and types



https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/small-business/networking/wireless.html

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/small-business/networking/routers.html

https://www.geektonight.com/guided-wired-transmission-media/

https://www.geektonight.com/guided-wired-transmission-media/


64


Glossary


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¡Let’s do it!

WORDS MEANINGS

1

2

3

4

5


65


Topic III:

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

Is a family of wireless networking technologies, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access? Wi-Fi is a trademark of the non-profit Wi-Fi Alliance, which restricts the use of the term Wi-Fi Certified to products that successfully complete interoperability certification testing.[2][3][4] As of 2010, the Wi-Fi Alliance consisted of more than 375 companies from around the world.[5] As of 2009, Wi-Fi-integrated circuit chips shipped approximately 580 million units yearly.[6][needs

update] Devices that can use Wi-Fi technologies include desktops and laptops, smartphones and tablets, smart TVs, printers, digital audio players, digital cameras, cars and drones.

Wi-Fi uses multiple parts of the IEEE 802 protocol family, and is designed to interwork seamlessly with its wired sibling Ethernet. Compatible devices can network through wireless access points to each other as well as to wired devices and the Internet. The different versions of Wi-Fi are specified by various IEEE 802.11 protocol standards, with the different radio technologies determining radio bands, and the maximum ranges, and speeds that may be achieved. Wi-Fi most commonly uses the 2.4-gigahertz (120 mm) UHF and 5 gigahertz (60 mm) SHF ISM radio bands; these bands are subdivided into multiple channels. Channels can be shared between networks but only one transmitter can locally transmit on a channel at any moment in time

. Wi-Fi's wavebands have relatively high absorption and work best

for line-of-sight use. Many common obstructions such as walls, pillars,

home appliances etc. may greatly reduce range, but this also helps

minimize interference between different networks in crowded

environments. An access point (or hotspot) often has a range of about

20 meters (66 feet) indoors while some modern access points claim up

to a 150-metre (490-foot) range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can be as

small as a single room with walls that block radio waves, or as large as

many square kilometers using many overlapping access points

with roaming permitted between them. Over time the speed and

spectral efficiency of Wi-Fi has increased. As of 2019, at close range,

some versions of Wi-Fi, running on suitable hardware, can achieve

speeds of over one Gbit/s (gigabit per second).

First, I invite you to know about WI fi that occur within this area through the following reading

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Alliance

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoperability_Solutions_for_European_Public_Administrations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi#cite_note-2



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi#cite_note-alliance-5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi#cite_note-Happich-6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_TV

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_(computing)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_protocol

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_access_point

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_high_frequency

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISM_band

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line-of-sight_propagation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotspot_(Wi-Fi)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaming

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabit


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Workshop:

Homeworkk:

Fórum:

Do you consider this Wireless important? Tell me about do you learned

Summary

Investigate and draw a picture using WI fi at home using your creativity.

The student will be able to talk about Wi-Fi

Topic: the importance of WI fi

Wi-Fi is an essential part of many of our lives. We have passed the point at which wireless was

simply “nice-to-have”, and now expect it to be a mandatory component of our environment— in

our homes, places of work, and even while we are out shopping or on vacation. Despite how

much we rely on wireless technology, a majority of its users have no idea how Wi-Fi actually

works! Very Wi-Fi stays completed up of stations that transmit and receive data. Wireless

transmissions are made up of radio frequency signals, or RF signals, which travel using a variety

of movement behaviors (also called transmission behaviors).communication starts when radio

waves are caused from an RF transmitter and particular up, or “heard” by a receiver at another

location. In order to understand how these signals actually work, we must start with the basics of

waves as they relate to the principles of data transmissions.


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Glossary


.

Reflection:

WORDS MEANINGS

1

2

3

4

5

Describe in your own words the importance of WIFI:


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UNIT 3 EVALUATION

1. WRITE YOUR MAIN IDEA ABOUT COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

2. WHY DO YOU CONSIDER IMPORTANT WI FI?

3. MAKE A SUMMARY ABOUT THE MOST IMPORTANT THING LEARNED

4 WRITE AN ESSAY WITH A PICTURE WITH THE TOPICS GIVEN IN UNIT 3

EVALUATION

I will evaluate all the activities in the unit 3 with the portfolio and abstract.


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X BASIC AND COMPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY

✓ Knurl Sarkar, Tools for teaching Computer Networking and hardware concepts. ✓ NATVVC, Computer hardware technician ✓ IRV ENGLANDER, The architecture of computer hardware, systems software,

networking ✓ HOWSTUFFWORKS, How internet infrastructure Works” (2009). ✓ MURPHY, R. Essential Grammar in Use, Editions Cambridge, University Press,

Second Edition. ✓ STARES Martin “Computer” London Heinemann Educational 2011. ✓ GLENDINING Erich “Based English Computing” Oxford ✓ Consejo de Educación Superior, CES. (2016, Julio). Artículo 8. Recuperated de ✓ http://www.uleam.edu.ec/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/reglamento-del-

sistema-de-evaluacion-estudiantil.pdf ✓ Revista de investigación e innovación en la clase de idiomas, 11(1), 141-153 ✓ Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior, LOES. (2018, Agosto). Artículo 124. ✓ Recuperado de http://www.lexis.com.ec/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/LEY-

ORGANICA-DE-EDUCACION-SUPERIOR-LOES.pdf ✓ Long, M. M., and Schiff man, L. G. (2000). Consumption values and

relationships: segmenting ✓ Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Retrieved from


✓ Study guide fourth edition THE AARCHITECTURE OF COMPUTER HARDWARE

REVIEW AND APPROVAL

Elaborad by: Lcdo. Antonio Ángel Herrera

English-teacher

Checked by:

Ing. José Arce Coordinator

Approved by:

Dra. Maria Isabel Jaramillo Deputy Headmaster







TEACHER: Lcdo. Antonio Herrera Ch. Semester: Third

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