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Syllabus
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering
Specialization in
Power Electronics and Electric Drives(Part Time)
INSTITUTE: Institute of Technology(IOT) DEPARTMENT: Electrical
COURSE: M.Tech (Part Time) (Power Electronics & Electric Drives)
Program Learning Objective:
PO1 To impart education and train graduate engineers in the field of power electronics & Drives tomeet the emerging needs of society.
PO2 To study design, analysis and control of power electronic circuits for variable frequencydrives application.
PO3 To understand and design power electronic and drive systems for different application.
PO4 To facilitate graduates in research activities leading to innovative solutions in interfacing ofpower electronic controllers with renewable energy sources.
PO5 To analyze and design switch mode regulators/Power Converters for various industryapplications.
Program Learning Outcome:
PLO1 Will be able to apply the knowledge of science and mathematics in designing, analyzing andusing the power converters and drives for various applications that meet specific needs.
PLO2 To enable students to develop, construct, operate and test power electronic converters andmachine in the laboratory.
PLO3 Students will understand current and emerging issues to analyze and evaluate the merits anddisadvantages of large power electronic systems.
PLO4 To enable students to design, analyze, model, build and test the operation of drives in a labenvironment.
PLO5 Detailed understanding of the operation, function and interaction between variouscomponents and sub-systems used in power electronic converters, electric machines andadjustable-speed drives.
STUDY & EVALUATION SCHEME(Effective from the session 2017-2018)
S.No.
SubjectCode
Subject L T P CIE ESE Total C
THEORY
1 MHU 1001P Technical Communication 2 0 0 40 60 100 2
2 MEE 1004 PIndustrial Power Electronics
4 2 0 40 60 100 5
3 MEE1003P Electric Drives 4 2 0 40 60 100 5
PRACTICAL/TRAINING/PROJECT
4 MEE1502P Power Electronics Lab 0 0 2 80 20 100 1
TOTAL 10 4 2 200 200 400 13
S.No.
SubjectCode
Subject L T P CIE ESE Total C
THEORY
1 MHU2001P Professional Ethics 2 0 0 40 60 100 2
2 MEE 2004PAdvanced Power Electronics
4 2 0 40 60 100 5
3 MEE2003PAdvance Electrical Drive Systems
4 2 0 40 60 100 5
PRACTICAL/TRAINING/PROJECT
4 MEE 2502PAdvance Electric Drives Lab
0 0 3 80 20 100 2
TOTAL 10 4 3 200 200 400 143
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)Specialization: Power Electronics & Electric Drives
I Year: II Semester
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)Specialization: Power Electronics & Electric Drives
I Year: I Semester
STUDY & EVALUATION SCHEME(Effective from the session 2017-2018)
S.No.
SubjectCode
Subject L T P CIE ESE Total C
THEORY
1 MEE 3004P Modeling & Analysis of Electrical Machines
4 2 0 40 60 100 5
2 MEE 3005PControl techniques in power electronics
4 2 0 40 60 100 5
3 MEE 3006PModeling & Simulation of Power Electronics Systems
4 2 0 40 60 100 5
PRACTICAL/TRAINING/PROJECT
3 MEE3501PPower Electronics Simulation Lab
0 0 2 80 20 100 1
TOTAL 12 6 2 200 200 400 16
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)Specialization: Power Electronics & Electric Drives
II Year: III Semester
STUDY & EVALUATION SCHEME(Effective from the session 2017-2018)
S.No.
Subject Code Subject L T P CIE ESE Total C
THEORY
1 ---- Elective-I 4 2 0 40 60 100 5
2 --- Elective-II 4 2 0 40 60 100 5
PRACTICAL/TRAINING/PROJECT
3 MEE4501P Seminar/Minor Project - - 4 100 - 100 4
TOTAL 8 4 4 180 120 300 14
S. No.Subject
CodeSubject L T P CIE ESE Total C
THEORY1 ---- Elective-III 4 2 0 40 60 100 5
PRACTICAL/TRAINING/PROJECT2 MEE5501P Dissertation-I - - 6 100 - 100 6
TOTAL 4 2 6 140 60 200 11
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)Specialization: Power Electronics & Electric Drives
II Year: IV Semester
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)Specialization: Power Electronics & Electric Drives
III Year: V Semester
STUDY & EVALUATION SCHEME(Effective from the session 2017-2018)
S.No.
SubjectCode
Subject L T P CIE ESE Total C
PRACTICAL/TRAINING/PROJECT
1 MEE 6501P Comprehensive Viva 0 0 0 100 - 100 2
2 MEE 6502P Dissertation-II - - 18 80 20 100 18
TOTAL 0 0 18 180 20 200 20
GRAND TOTAL 44 20 36 1020 780 1800 88
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)Specialization: Power Electronics & Electric Drives
III Year: VI Semester
STUDY & EVALUATION SCHEME(Effective from the session 2017-2018)
List of Electives
S. No. Subject Code Subject
Elective-I (Semester-IV)
1 MEE 4104P Microprocessor Controlled Electric Drives
2 MEE 4105P HVDC
3 MMA 4101P Optimization Techniques
4 MEE 4103P Active Power Conditioners
Elective-II (Semester-IV)
1 MEE 4201P Switched Mode Power Converters
2 MEE 4205P Special Machine
3 MEE 4203P Neural Network & Fuzzy Control
4 MEE 4206P Digital Controllers Architecture and Interfacing
Elective-III (Semester-V)
1 MEE 5101P Power Quality
2 MEE 5102P Power Electronics Applications in Renewable Energy Systems
3 MEE 5108P Digital Signal Processing and its Applications
4 MEE 5105P Electric Traction System
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)Specialization: Power Electronics & Electric Drives
Syllabus
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)
Specialization in
Power Electronics and Electric Drives
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)
Specialization: Power Electronics and Electric Drives
I Year, I Semester
TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION
MHU-1001P L T P C
2 0 0 2
Course Learning Objective:
1. To make them professionally skilled and employable in the present corporate set up
2. To improve their language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) in English
UNIT-I (10Hours)
COMMUNICATION AND PRESENTATION STRATEGY :
Communication: Process, Types, How to make it effective, Barriers to Communication
(interpersonal, intrapersonal, extra personal, cross-cultural), Body Language;Presentation
Strategy: Steps (planning, organization, preparation, and presentation), Types, Motives (general
and specific), Manner (Do’s and Don’ts), Methods (lecture, advertisement, paper presentation,
PPT presentations), and Art (how to make effective presentation)
UNIT-II (12Hours)
TECHNICAL WRITING:
CV and Business letters: CV drafting, Editing, Job application letter, Claim letter, Quotation
letter, Sales letter, Notice, Memo, Agenda and Minutes of Meeting;Proposal: Motives, Types
(solicited and unsolicited), Steps involved in Proposal Writing;Report: Types, Method of
Writing, Various Components; Technical Paper: Abstract, Various Sections (literature review,
methodology, analysis, interpretation, findings and recommendation), Steps involved in
Technical Paper Writing, Bibliography;Project and Dissertation:Motive, Components, Steps
involved in Planning and Drafting
UNIT-III (6Hours)
TEXT BASED READING AND CRITICAL APPRECIATION:
1. The Scientist by R.P.Singh
2. The Financial Expert by R. K. Narayana
Text Books
T1 : Singh,R.P. “The Flea Market and Other Plays”, Authors Press
T2 :Narayana, R. K. “The Financial Expert”
T3: Rizvi, M.A. “Effective Technical Communication”, Tata McGraw Hill
T4:Raman, M. and Sharma, S. “Technical Communication: Principles and Practice” Oxford
University Press.
Course Learning outcome:
1. Students will be aware of various aspects of communication and its importance.
2. They will be proficient in communication.
3. They will be well versed in drafting and editing résumé, report, proposal, and
research papers.
INDUSTRIAL POWER ELECTRONICS
MEE1004P L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To illustrate the fundamentals of power electronics devices & switching characteristics
of different power devices.
2. To apply critical thinking in solving industrial electronic problems.
3. To demonstrate the importance of AC voltage controllers and cyclo- converters for
various industrial applications.
4. To analyze and design switch mode power electronic converters for various applications
including microprocessor power supplies, renewable energy systems, and motor drives.
UNIT-I (09 Hours)
POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES:
Power semiconductor devices, their symbols and static characteristics, specifications of switches,
types of power electronic circuits Operation, steady state & switch characteristics & switching
limits of Power Transistor Operation and steady state characteristics of Power MOSFET and
IGBT
THYRISTOR: Operation V- I characteristics, two transistor model, methods of turn-on
Operation of GTO.
UNIT-II (10 Hours)
POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES (CONTD):
Protection of devices, Series and parallel operation of thyristors, Commutation techniques of
thyristor.
DC-DC CONVERTERS:
Principles of step-down chopper, step down chopper with R-L load, Principle of step-up chopper,
and operation with RL load, classification and application of choppers.
UNIT-III (10 Hours)
PHASE CONTROLLED CONVERTERS:
Single phase half wave controlled rectifier with resistive and inductive loads, effect of
freewheeling diode. Single phase fully controlled and half controlled bridge converters.
Performance Parameters, Three phase half wave converters, Three phase fully controlled and half
controlled bridge converters, Effect of source impedance, Single phase and three phase dual
converters.
UNIT-IV (10 Hours)
AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS:
Principle of On-Off and phase controls Single phase ac voltage controller with resistive and
inductive loads. Three phase ac voltage controllers (various configurations and comparison only)
Single phase transformer taps changer. Basic principle of operation of Cyclo Converters, single
phase to single phase, three phase to single phase and three phase to three phase cyclo converters,
output voltage equation.
UNIT-V (10 Hours)
INVERTERS:
Single phase series resonant inverter, Single phase bridge inverters, Three phase bridge inverters,
Voltage control of inverters, Harmonics reduction techniques, Single phase and three phase
current source inverters.
Linear mode and switched mode power conversion control strategies, Hard and soft switched
converters, UPS and static frequency converters.
TEXT BOOKS:
T1. M.H. Rashid,“Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices & Applications”, Prentice Hall of
India Ltd. 3rd Edition,2004.
T2. M.D. Singh and K.B.Khanchandani, “Power Electronics” Tata MC Graw Hill, 2005
T3. V.R. Moorthy, “ Power Electronics : Devices, Circuits and Industrial Applications”
OxfordUniversity Press,2007.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. M.S. Jamil Asghar, “Power Electronics” Prentice Hall of India Ltd., 2004
R2. Chakrabarti & Rai, “Fundamentals of Power Electronics &Drives” Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
R3. Ned Mohan, T.M.Undeland and W.P.Robbins, “Power Electronics:Converters,
Applications and Design”, Wiley India Ltd,2008.
R4. S.N.Singh, “A Text Book of Power Electronics” Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student
will be able to: On completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CLO Descriptio
n
Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Illustrate, classify, recall the latest electronic devices
available in industry also identify their characteristics and
operation .
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO2 Explain, classify and select an appropriate power
semiconductor device and design a power converter for the
required application also find different commutation
techniques of thyristor and different types of dc-dc converter.
.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing,
CLO3 Explain; analyze and find different types of single phase controlled converters also identify the concept of different three phase converter and dual converters.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Explain; analyze and find different voltage control technique for inverters also make use of linear mode and switched mode power conversion control strategies
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M H H H M L
CLO2 H H H M H M L M
CLO3 H H M M H H M L
CLO4 H H H H H M H M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
ELECTRICAL DRIVES
MEE 1003P
L T P C
4 2 0 5 Course Learning Objectives:
1. To analyze the fundamentals of electric drives, operation and analysis of solid state control
of ac/dc drives and estimation of drive rating for different duty cycle operation.
2. To understand about the adjustable speed electric motor Drives through conventional
methods and various motor load characteristics.
3. To demonstrate the students about the application of power electronics converter for
adjustable speed drives to save the energy.
4. The students should analyze the various power electronics converter used in DC motor drive
and application of voltage source and current source converter in induction as well as
synchronous motor.
UNIT-I (07 Hours)
Introduction
Definition of electric drive, type of drives; Speed torque characteristic of driven unit/loads,
motors, joint speed-torque characteristic; Classification and components of load torque; Review
of power converters used in drives, multi-quadrant operation of electric drive, example of hoist
operation in four quadrant.
UNIT-II (09 Hours)
DC Drives
Single-phase half controlled and fully controlled converter fed dc motor drives, operation of dc
drives with continuous armature current, voltage and current waveforms; Concept of energy
utilization and effect of freewheeling diode; Operation of drive under discontinuous current,
expression for speed-torque characteristic.
UNIT-III (10 Hours)
Chopper fed DC Drives
Principle of operation and control techniques, chopper circuit configurations used in dc drives:
Type A, B, C, D and E; Motoring operation of chopper fed separately excited dc motor, steady
state analysis of drive with time-ratio control.
Closed Loop Control of DC Drives
Drives with current limit control, single-quadrant closed loop drive with inner current control
loop, advantage of inner current control loop in drives
UNIT-IV (12 Hours)
AC Drives
Variable voltage, rotor resistance and slip power recovery control of induction motors, torque-
speed characteristics under different control schemes; Variable frequency control of induction
motor, analysis of induction machine under constant V/f operation, constant flux operation and
controlled current operation.
Inverter fed AC Drives
Voltage source inverter fed induction motor drive in open loop, frequency and voltage control in
PWM VSI; Operation of closed loop slip-speed controlled VSI fed induction motor drive;
Current source inverter, advantage of CSI fed drives, closed loop slip speed controlled CSI fed
drive.
UNIT-V (10 Hours)
Estimation of Drive Motor Rating
Selection of motor power capacity for continuous duty at constant load and variable loads;
Selection of motor capacity for short time and intermittent periodic duty, permissible frequency
of starting of squirrel cage motor for different duty cycles.
Load Equalization by Flywheel
Operation of electric drives incorporating fly wheel under shock loading conditions, load sharing
between drive motor and flywheel, expression for total referred moment of inertia of the drive
system; Drives for different industrial applications
Text Books:
T1. Dubey G. K., “Fundamentals of Electric Drives”, 2nd Ed., Narosa Publishing House, 2007.
T2. Pillai S. K., “A First Course in Electric Drives”, 2nd Ed., New Age International Private
Limited, 2008.
T3. Sen P. C., “Thyristor DC Drives”, John Wiley and Sons. 1991.
Reference Books:
R1. Dubey G. K., “Power Semiconductor Controlled Drives”, Prentice Hall International Edition.
1989.
R2. Murphy J. M. D. and Turnbull F. G., “Power Electronics Control ofAC Motors”, Peragmon
Press. 1990.
R3. Bose B. K., “Power Electronics and Variable Frequency Drives”, IEEE Press, Standard
Publisher Distributors. 2001.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student
will be able to: On completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Illustrate, classify, recall different power electronic converter also identify about multi quadrant and hoist operation of electric drive.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO2 Explain; analyze and find the operation of half controlled and fully controlled operation of dc drives, also build the speed torque characteristics of dc drive.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO3 Illustrate, identify, recall of different chopper fed dc drives also analyze the different inverter fed ac drives.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Explain; analyze and find different motor for power rating also identifies the load equalization for fly wheel.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H H M H M M L
CLO2 H H M H H M M M
CLO3 H H H M H M H M
CLO4 H H M H H H H M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
POWER ELECTRONICS LAB
MEE 1502P L T P C
0 0 2 1
Course Learning Objectives:
1. This course aims to find the characteristics of power electronic devices.
2. To understand the commutation techniques used in power electronics circuits.
3. To test for different power electronics converters.
Note: the minimum of 8 experiments is to be performed
1. Study of sequence control of Thyristor Converter
2. Study of PWM Converter-DC-to-DC Switched Mode Converter
3. Study of Three-phase Full Converter with R-L and R-L-E loads.
4. Study of Half controlled Converter with R-L and R-L-E loads
5. Study of Class - C and Class - D Commutation schemes
6. Study of Single phase Full controlled Converter with R-L and R-L-E loads.
7. Study of Single phase Half controlled Converter with R-L and R-L-E loads.
8. Study of Single phase AC voltage controller feeding R and R-L loads.
9. Study of 1-ϕ inverter with square wave, quasi square wave and SPWM Control.
10. Study Buck Boost Converter for load voltage control using microcontroller.
11. Single-phase fully controlled converter with inductive load.
12. Study of four quadrants separately excited dc motor drive DSP based chopper controller
with dc motor.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student
will be able to: On completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Understand and recall the basic concepts of thyristor
converter and analyze characteristics. 1,2,4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Analyzing,
CLO2 Construct, Recall and Analyze single phase and three phase
half controlled & full controlled rectifier. 1,3,4
Remembering,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO3 Construct, Recall and Analyze class C and class D
commutation techniques. 1,3,4
Remembering,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Understand, analyze and design PWM converter and buck-
boost converter.
.
2, 4,6
Understanding,
Analyzing, creating
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes
(PLOs)
Program
Specific
Outcomes(
PSOs)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M M M H M M M
CLO2 H H M M M H M M M
CLO3 H H M M M H M M M
CLO4 H H M M M H M M M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)
Specialization: Power Electronics and Electric Drives
I Year, II Semester
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
MHU-2001P
Course Learning Objectives:
1. Representing engineering as social Experimentation
2. Safety aspects at Engineers point of view
3. To know Engineers Rights and Responsibilities
4. Introduction to Global issues
Unit I: Engineering Ethics (8 Hours) Senses of ‘Engineering Ethics’, Variety of Moral Issues, Types of Inquiry, Moral Dilemmas,
Moral Autonomy, Kohlberg’s Theory, Gilligan’s Theory, Consensus and Controversy, Professions
and Professionalism, Professional Ideals and Virtues, Theories about Right Action, Self-Interest,
Customs and Religion, and Uses of Ethical Theories.
Unit II: Engineering as Social Experimentation (5 Hours) Engineering as Experimentation, Engineers as Responsible Experimenters, Codes of Ethics, A
Balanced Outlook on Law, The Challenger Case Study.
Unit III: Engineer’s Responsibility for Safety (5 Hours) Safety and Risk, Assessment of Safety and Risk, Risk Benefit Analysis, Reducing Risk, Case and Studies.
Unit IV: Responsibilities and Rights (7 Hours) Collegiality and Loyalty, Respect for Authority, Collective Bargaining, Confidentiality, Conflicts
of Interest, Occupational Crime, Professional Rights, Employee Rights, IPR, Discrimination, etc.
Unit V: Global Issues (7 Hours)
Multinational Corporations, Environmental Ethics, Computer Ethics, Weapons Development,
Engineers as Managers, Consulting Engineers, Engineers as Experts Witnesses and Advisors,
Moral Leadership, Sample Code of Conduct.
Text Book
1. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, Ethics in Engineering, McGraw Hill, New York
1996.
Reference Books
1. Govindarajan, M. Natarajan, S. Kumar, V.S.S. Engineering Ethics, PHI, 2004
Fleddermann, C.D. Engineering Ethics, Prentice Hall, New Mexico, 1999
Course Learning Outcomes: On completion of the course, the student will be able
to: On completion of the course, the student will be able to:
1. Engineers will be prepared for future challenges.
2. Help them in aligning themselves to the needs of Health, Safety and responsible
citizenship.
3. Will be able to address global issues and environmental changes that are posing great
challenges to engineers of today to shift their focus from basic engineering to apply and
ethical engineering solutions.
ADVANCED POWER ELECTRONICS
MEE 2004P L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To define and explain the concept of resonant converter and comparing different
switching techniques.
2. To recall the concept of multilevel inverters and classifying various multilevel inverters
and study their applications.
3. To learn and illustrate the operation, application of matrix converter and make use of
their development.
4. To define the multi-pulse converters and finding the application of power electronics for
renewable energy resources.
UNIT-I (12 hours)
Resonant Converters
Introduction, series resonant converter, parallel resonant converter, voltage control of resonant
converter, zero current switching resonant converter, zero voltage switching resonant converter,
resonant dc link inverters.
UNIT-II (10 hours)
Multi-level Inverters
Introduction, multi-level concept, Diode Clamped, Flying capacitor and Cascaded multi-level
configurations; applications, DC-link capacitor voltage balancing, features of multi-level
converters.
UNIT-III (08 hours)
Matrix converters
Introduction to matrix converter technology, operation and control methods of matrix converters,
commutation and protection issues in matrix converter, application of matrix converters.
UNIT-IV (08 hours)
Multi-pulse converters
Multi-pulse method, harmonics cancellation, multiple transformer basics, double wound multi-
pulse transformers, practical applications.
UNIT-V (10 hours)
Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Resources
Introduction, Power electronics for photovoltaic systems: dc to dc converter type charge
regulators, maximum power point tracking, inverter for standalone PV systems, power
electronics for wind energy systems: Grid connected wind energy conversion system.
Text Books:
T1. “Power Electronics - circuits, devices and applications”- Muhammad H. Rashid
Prentice Hall of India, 3rd ed., 2009.
T2. Power Electronics”, J David Irvin, Academic press series, Canada.
Reference Books:
R1. “Power Electronics – Converters, Applications and Design”, John Willey & sons, Inc., 3rd
ed., 2003- Mohan, Undeland and Robbins.
R2. “Power Electronics converter harmonics”, Dereak A Paice, IEEE Press Piscataway, NJ.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student
will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy
Level
CLO1 Defining and explaining the concept of
resonant converter with comparing different switching
techniques used in resonant converter and finding the
performance of converter by various calculations of different
parameters.
1, 2, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Analyzing
CLO2 Classifying different multilevel inverters and discussing the
operation of converters with a view to outline the features and
applications of multilevel inverters.
2, 3
Understanding,
Applying
CLO3 Defining the concept of matrix converter and demonstrating
the application of matrix converter in industrial works. 1, 2
Remembering,
Understanding
CLO4 Improving student’s ability in learning multi- pulse converter
by defining different methods with identifying and discussing
the application of power electronics in renewable resources.
1, 3
Remembering,
Applying
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes
(PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M M H M L M
CLO2 H L L H H M L
CLO3 H M M L M H M L L
CLO4 H H M M M H M L L
H: High M: Medium L: Low
ADVANCED ELECTRICAL DRIVE SYSTEMS
MEE 2003P
L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To illustrate the concept of DC motor drives.
2. To understand the concept of Induction motor drives.
3. To illustrate the concept of Synchronous motor drives.
4. To understand Vector control of induction motor.
5. To assess the operation and designing of BLDC Motor.
UNIT-I (9 Hours)
Review:
Power electronic converters for ac drive control, voltage source and current source inverters.
LCI-IM Drive:
Drive configuration, commutation at different speeds, mathematical modeling, control structure,
resonance problem and performance
UNIT-II (9 Hours)
FOC-IM Drive:
Drive configuration, mathematical modeling, direct and indirect FOC, influence of parameters, VSI
and CSI fed schemes, adaptive drive control.
UNIT-III (13 Hours)
Brushless DC Drive :
Self-control, CSI with load commutation, low speed commutation, inverter control strategies and
performance.
Permanent Magnet SM Drive:
Principle of operation, converter configuration, synchronization, trapezoidal and sinusoidal
drive control structures and performance.
UNIT-IV (10 Hours)
Vector control of induction motor drives:
V/f control, dq0 model and State space model of 3-Ph IM, Vector control of IM.
UNIT-V (7 Hours)
Advanced Control Techniques:
Application of modern and evolutionary techniques in drives such as fuzzy and ANN control.
Text Books:
T1.Dubey G. K., "Power Semiconductor Controlled Drives", Prentice- Hall International
Editions.1989
T2.Murphy J. M. D. and Turnbull F. G., “Power Electronics Control of AC Motors”, Peragmon
Press. 1990
T3.Bose B. K., "Power Electronics and Variable Frequency Drives", IEEE Press, Standard
Publisher Distributors. 2001
Reference Books:
R1. Krishnan R., “Electric Motor Drives – Modeling, Analysis and Control”, Prentice Hall
of India Private Limited. 2007
R2. Bose B. K., “Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives”, Pearson Education. 2008
R3. Leonard W., “Control of Electric Drives”, Springer Press. 2007
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student
will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Illustrate, analyze, and apply the stability aspects of drive systems, also find the basics of power electronic converters.
1, 2, 3,4,
Remembering,
Understanding
Applying, Analyzing,
CLO2 Make use of various control schemes used in drive by understanding the speed controlling of Induction Motor, also choose and analyze the VSI & CSI fed schemes.
1, 2, 3,4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing,
CLO3 Identify, analyze and select the various control schemes, also faculty explains about the basic idea of BLDC & PMSM converter.
1,2, 3,4
Remembering
Understanding,,
Applying, Analyzing,
CLO4 Classify, test and model the drive for the optimal performance, also find the basic idea of V/f control, dq0 model ,state space model of IM and fuzzy & ANN basics in drives.
1,2, 3,4
Remembering
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs) P
LO
1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M H H M L L
CLO2 H M L H M M L H
CLO3 L M H L M H H
CLO4 L M H H H H H L M
ADVANCE ELECTRIC DRIVE LAB
MEE 2502P
L T P C
0 0 3 2
Course Learning Objectives:
1. Understand the various control techniques of drives.
2. Understand the performances of switched reluctance motor drive.
3. Understand the performances of different PLC based automation for various motors.
List of Experiments:
1. Study & performances analysis of vector control of Induction Motor drive
2. Study & performances analysis of direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor drive
3. Study & performances analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive
4. Study & performances analysis of switched reluctance motor drive
5. Study & performance evaluation of different FPGA based controller for DC motor
6. Study & performance evaluation of DSP based control of AC drives
7. Study of power electronics interface for solar PV based AC system
8. Study and training on PLC based Automation for motor control.
9. Study and training on PLC based automation for AC motor control with
SCADA software.
10. Study and training on PLC based automation for DC motor control with
SCADA software.
11. Study and training on PLC based automation for Stepper motor control with
SCADA software.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student
will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Identify research, development and discuss
the function and implementation of advanced
technologies in the field of Electric Drives
control.
1,2,4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Analyzing,
CLO2 Construct, Recall and Analyze the
comprehensive solutions to issues of power
quality in electric drives.
1,3,4
Remembering,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO3 Recall, demonstrate and Analyze operation
of PLC for various motors. 1,3,4
Remembering,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Understand, analyze and evaluate the different FPGA
based controller.
2, 4,6
Understanding,
Analyzing, Evaluating
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M M M H M M M
CLO2 H H M M M H M M M
CLO3 H H M M M H M M M
CLO4 H H M M M H M M M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)
Specialization: Power Electronics and Electric Drives
II Year, III Semester
MODELING & ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL MACHINES
MEE3004P L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To illustrate about the fundamentals of electrical machines by using transformation theory
based mathematical modeling.
2. To explain the concept of static power converter and sequence reference frame theory.
3. To develop the knowledge about principle of operation and performance of Synchronous,
Induction machines and transformers.
4. To analyze the steady state and dynamic state operation of Synchronous, Induction machines
and transformers.
UNIT-I (10 Hours)
BASICS: Reference frames, Electrical network terminology, Mesh networks, Rotating machines
in quasi holonomic reference frame, Generalized machine, Generated voltage, Impedance matrix,
Inductance and torque matrix, Flux linkage and flux density matrices, Rotation matrix,
Electromagnetic torque, Elimination of axes, Analysis using revolving field theory,
Transformation from the stationary to rotating reference frame and vice-versa.
UNIT-II (10 Hours)
MODELING OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MACHINE: in quasi-holonomic and
holonomic frames, sequence impedances, two phase symmetrical components, model of single
phase induction motor, State model of induction machine.
UNIT-III (10 Hours)
MODELING OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE: Modeling of synchronous machine in quasi-
holonomic and holonomic frames, Elimination of field and damper winding, Two phase
alternator, torque in salient pole machine, determination of d-q axis reactances, under transients,
with and without damper windings, State model of synchronous machine.
UNIT-IV (10 Hours)
SEQUENCE REFERENCE FRAME OF TRANSFORMER: Transformer under sequence
reference frame, Sequence reference frame, Impedance matrix, Δ-Y or Y-Δ transformers,
measurement of positive, negative and zero sequence impedance, model under faults.
UNIT-V (08 Hours)
ANALYSIS OF STATIC POWER CONVERTERS: Modeling of AC-DC thyristorised
converter, DC-DC PWM Converters, AC Voltage controller and single and three phase Pulsed
and PWM inverters (3ph-3 wire and 3ph-4 wire).
TEXT BOOKS:
T1. K. Mukhopadhyay, “Matrix Analysis Of Electrical Machines”, New Age International
T2. Paul C. Krause, Oleg Wasynczuk, Scott D. Sudhoff, " Analysis Of Electric Machinery And
Drive Systems", IEEE Press, John Wiley & Sons.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. William H. Kersting,"Distribution System Modeling and Analysis", CRC Press
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student
will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Explain; analyze and find the theoretical concepts in
modeling of conventional electrical machines and also
identify the concept of reference frame theory and
transformation of axes.
.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO2 Explain; recall the models of three phase induction and build the model of single phase induction motor also analyze the state model of induction machine.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing,
CLO3 Explain, find synchronous machine designing and develop it’s model also analyze the state model of induction machine.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Illustrate; identify, and analyze the different static power converters also find their performance analysis.
1,2,3, 4
Rememberin
g,
Understandi
ng,
Applying,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M H M H M M M
CLO2 H H H H H H H M H
CLO3 H H H H H H H M H
CLO4 H H M H M H H H M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
CONTROL TECHNIQUES IN POWER ELECTRONICS
MEE3005P
L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To illustrate the fundamentals of controlling techniques in power electronics.
2. To explain the concept of state space modeling of controllers and implementation of power
electronics controllers.
3. To analyze the concept of multilevel converter & their control.
4. To develop power converters with better performance for challenging applications.
UNIT-I (09 Hours)
INTRODUCTION: Electric Power Conditioning, Switched power converters, Power switching
devices.
SWITCHED POWER CONVERTERS: DC-DC converters, buck, boost, buck-boost, DC-AC
inverters, PWM inverters, PWM rectifier, and matrix converter.
UNIT-II (09 Hours)
ANALYSIS THROUGH CONVENTIONAL CONTROL THEORY: Conventional stability
analysis, Root- locus method, Frequency response analysis, GM, PM, Closed loop frequency
response, bandwidth.
STATE SPACE METHODS: State space Models of Electrical Networks, Average models of
switched converters.
UNIT-III (10 Hours)
DISCRETE-TIME ANALYSIS: Discretization of continuous models, simulation of Power
Electronics converters.
NONLINEAR CONTROL: Variable structure and Sliding Mode control, Phase-plane and
describing function analysis.
UNIT-IV (10 Hours)
CURRENT CONTROLLERS: Hysteresis, Ramp- comparison, Predictive Current controllers.
MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS AND CONTROL: Cascaded, Diode-clamp and Flying
Capacitor multilevel converters.
UNIT-V (10 Hours)
IMPLEMENTATION OF POWER ELECTRONICS CONTROLLERS: Analog controllers,
Computer Control, DSP implementation, ASIC’s and embedded controller, FPGA’s and Virtual
Instrumentation.
TEXT BOOKS:
T1. N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland and W. P. Robbins, Power Electronics, Converters,
Applications and Design, Singapore, John Wiley & Sons. (Asia), 2003.
T2. M. H. Rashid (ed), Power Electronics Handbook, Academic Press, Florida, 2001.
T3. M. P. Kazmierkowski, R. Krishnan and F. Blaabjerg, Control in Power Electronics
(Selected Problems), Academic Press, Elsevier Science (USA), 2002.
T4. H. Sira-Ramirez and R. Silva Ortigoza, Control Design Techniques in Power Electronics
Devices, Springer Verlag, London, 2006.
T5. V. Ramanarayanan, Course Material on Switched Mode Power Conversion, 2nd ed. IISc
Bangalore, India, 2006.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. D. O. Neacsu, Power Switching Converters (Medium and High Power), CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, US, 2006.
R2. Bin Wu, High Power Converter and AC Drives, IEEE Press, John Wiley & Sons., Inc.,
New Jersy, 2006.
R3. Timothy L. Skvarenina, The Power Electronics Handbook, CRC press 2002.
R4. A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich, Power Quality Enhancement using Custom Power Devices,
Kluwer Academic Publisher, Boston, MA, 2002.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student
will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Illustrate; recall and analyze different types of switched power converters also make use of PWM schemes
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO2 Explain, analyze and find the frequency response of closed loop control system also develop the state space model of electric network.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO3 Explain; identify and find discrete time analysis of power electronic converters also analyze the concept of non linear control system.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Illustrate; identify and find the concept of current controllers also analyze different control strategies of power electronic converters.
1,2,3, 4
Rememberin
g,
Understandi
ng,
Applying,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H H H H H H M M
CLO2 H H H H H H M H M
CLO3 H H M M M H H M M
CLO4 H H M M M H M M M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
MODELING & SIMULATION OF POWER ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
MEE3006P L T P C
3 1 0 3
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To recall and discuss the concept of simulation of power electronic converters.
2. To examine and construct the concept of simulation of electric drives.
3. To develop the ability to estimate and analyze the dynamics in power electronic converters/drives
systems.
4. To interpret the background processes related to the numerical solution used in generic simulators.
5. To deduce and simulate the behavior of Power Converters, DC and AC drives.
UNIT I (8 Hours)
INTRODUCTION:
Computer simulation, Its process and mechanics.
UNIT II (8 Hours)
SIMULATION OF POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS:
State-space representation, Trapezoidal integration, M and N method.
UNIT III (8 Hours)
SIMULATION OF ELECTRIC DRIVES:
Modeling with transportation delay, Modeling and simulation of Vector controlled 3-Ph IM.
UNIT IV (8 Hours)
SIMULATION OF SWITCHING CONVERTERS WITH STATE SPACE AVERAGING:
State Space averaging technique and its application in simulation, Design of power converters.
Review of Unit II: MATLAB/Simulink
Text Books:
T1. M. B. Patil, V. Ramnarayanan and V. T. Ranganathan, “Simulation of Power Electronic
Converters” 1st Edition, Narosa Publishers, 2010.
T2. Ned Mohan, T.M. Undeland and William P. Robbins “Power Electronics: Converters,
Applications” 3rd
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student
will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s Taxonomy
Level
CLO1 Distinguish and compare various simulation software to
test the performance of the system.
2, 4, 5
Understanding,
Analyzing,
Evaluating
CLO2 Select the numerical solver to simplify the overall system
to test for the specific conditions to find the optimal
solution.
1, 2, 6, 5
Remembering,
Understanding,
Evaluating,
Creating
CLO3 Able to design the converters using state space techniques to
model the system by various simulation software to evaluate
the performance of converter.
2, 3, 5, 6
Understanding,
Applying,
Evaluating,
Creating
CLO4 Able to identify the convergence problems occurring
during simulation and able to simplify the overall system
to estimate the performance to avoid them.
3, 4, 5
Applying
Analyzing,
evaluating
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course Learning Outcome
s
Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSO
s)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O10
PL
O11
PL
O12
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 M H H H H M M L
CLO2 H M H H L H M M
CLO3 H L M H M H H H
CLO4 H H M H M M H H
H: High M: Medium L: Low
POWER ELECTRONIC SIMULATION LAB
MEE3501P L T P C
0 0 2 1
Course Learning Objectives:
1. The objective of this Power Electronics laboratory is to illustrate the characteristics of switching
devices and its applications in rectifier inverter, chopper and resonant converter.
2. To explain the application of electronic devices.
3. To analyze and interpret the electronics devices for conversion, control conditioning of electric
power.
Note: Minimum of 8 experiments is to be performed.
List of Simulations:
1. Simulation and comparison of single phase half wave converter for different loads.
2. Simulation Studies and performances analysis of single phase full wave converter for different loads.
3. Simulation Studies on performances analysis of three phases half wave converter
4. Simulation Studies on performances analysis of three full wave converters.
5. Simulation Studies on performances analysis of dual converter.
6. Simulation Studies on performances analysis of choppers.
7. Simulation Studies for cyclo-converter.
8. Simulation Studies for PWM.
9. Simulation Studies for AC Regulator for RL load.
10. Simulation Studies for AC Regulator for IM load.
11. Study on Sine-triangle PWM scheme for a 3-phase.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Descriptio
n
Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Understand and recall different types of power semi-
conductor devices and analyze characteristics. 1,2,4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Analyzing,
CLO2 Construct, Recall and Analyze single phase and three phase
half controlled & full controlled rectifier. 1,3,4
Remembering,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO3 Construct, Recall and Analyze single phase ac voltage
regulator and cycloconverter. 1,3,4
Rememberin
g, Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Understand, analyze and design PSPICE/MATLab
simulation model for different power electronic devices.
.
2, 4,6
Understanding,
Analyzing, creating
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M M M H M M M
CLO2 H H M M M H M M M
CLO3 H H M M M H M M M
CLO4 H H M M M H M M M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)
Specialization: Power Electronics and Electric Drives
II Year, IV Semester
Elective-I (Semester-IV)
MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLED ELECTRIC DRIVES
MEE4104P L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1.To develop knowledge of microprocessor-based control system for electrical drives.
2.To recall generation of firing signals for power electronic converters.
3.To develop the knowledge of controlling choppers by Microprocessor.
4.To build the idea of control techniques for converters by Microprocessor.
UNIT I: (10 Hours)
Review of Processor and Peripheral Devices: 8-bit microprocessor, programmable peripheral
interface Intel 8255, programmable Interval timer Intel 8253, programmable interrupt controller Intel
8259.
Review of Power Converters: Phase angle controlled converters, chopper, quasi- square and PWM
Inverters.
Introduction: Overview of microcomputer control of power electronic systems.
UNIT II: (10 Hours)
Microprocessor Controlled Converters: Firing pulse generation of single-phase and three-phase
converters, control techniques.
Microprocessor Controlled Choppers: Firing pulse generation of single-quadrant and multi-quadrant
choppers, control techniques.
UNIT III: (10 Hours)
Microprocessor Controlled Inverters: Firing pulse generation of voltage source PWM inverters,
three-timer and four-timer methods, foreground and back ground calculation, current source inverters.
Feed Back Signal Processing: Measurement of electrical and mechanical variables- current, speed and
position of motor, signal conditioning.
UNIT IV: (10 Hours)
Closed Loop Drive: Control philosophy, closed loop dc drive fed from dual converter and chopper,
VSI, CSI and PWM inverter fed drives.
Modeling: Mathematical modeling, simulation of drives, design of current and speed controllers in
continuous and discrete data system, stability studies.
UNIT V: (8 Hours)
Modern Control Theory Applications: Fuzzy control and ANN control of drives.
Text Books:
T1. Dubey G. K., “Power Semiconductor Controlled Drives”, Prentice- Hall International Editions.
2001
T2.. Bose B. K., “Power Electronics and Variable Frequency Drives”, IEEE Press, Standard Publisher
Distributors. 2001
T3. Bose B. K., “Microcomputer Control of Power Electronics and Drives”, IEEE Press. 1999
Reference Books:
R1. Toliyat H. A. and Campbell S., “DSP Based Electromechanical Motion Control”, CRC
Press. 2004
R2. Kenjo T., “Power Electronics for the Microprocessor Age”, Oxford University Press. 1994
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the
student will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy
Level
CLO1 Recall and analyze various Peripheral Devices and power
electronics converters. 1,4
Remembering,
Analyzing,
CLO2 Identify various control techniques and make use of these
techniques to build various controlled converters. 3, 6
Applying, Creating
CLO3 Categorize various converters to select and implement the control scheme.
1, 3,4
Remembering,
Applying Analyzing,
CLO4 Identify various modern control techniques and apply in
closed loop system to compare the performance 2,3,4
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing,
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs:
Course Learning Outcome
s
Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSO
s)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O10
PL
O11
PL
O12
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H M L L H L
CLO2 M L M L H L L M
CLO3 M L H L L M M
CLO4 H M H H M M L L H H
H: High M: Medium L: Low
HVDC SYSTEMS
MEE 4105P L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To identify the electrical requirements for HVDC lines and components used in AC to DC
conversion.
2. To recall the history of HVDC conversion and transmission and the operation of HVDC
conversion technology;
3. To develop knowledge of HVDC transmission line design and the insulation requirements for
an HVDC line.
4. To analyze different converters viz.3, 6 and 12 pulse converter.
UNIT - I: (12 Hours)
Converter Operation (Normal and Abnormal):6-pulse and 12-pulse rectifiers and inverters;
Equivalent circuits of rectifier and inverter, relations between ac and dc quantities
UNIT - II: (10 Hours)
Converter Charts: Charts with dc voltage and current as rectangular coordinates, charts with active
and reactive powers as rectangular coordinates and their relation
Harmonics and Filters: Characteristic and non-characteristic harmonics, input harmonics, output
harmonics, problems due to harmonics, ac and dc filters.
UNIT - III: (10 Hours)
HVDC Control Systems: Constant current control, constant excitation angle control, VDCOL,
constant ignition angle control, Individual phase control and equidistant pulse control; Valve, Blocking
and by-passing; Starting, stopping and power flow reversal.
UNIT - IV: (08 Hours)
Mis-operation of Converters: Arc back, short circuit on a rectifier, commutation failure, by-pass
valves.
Faults in HVDC System and their Protection: DC line faults, clearing line faults, converter faults, ac
system faults, rectifier side and inverter side faults; DC circuit breakers, overvoltage protection.
UNIT - V: (08 Hours)
Parallel Operation of AC-DC Systems: Influence of ac system strength on ac-dc interaction,
effective short-circuit ratio (ESCR), problems with low ESCR systems.
DC Transmission Systems: Mono polar, bipolar and homo polar lines, back-to-back HVDC systems,
advantages of dc transmission
TEXT BOOKS:
T1. “Power System Stability: Vol. I: Direct Current Transmission”, Kimbark E. W, Wiley
India.1971
T2. “Power System Stability and Control”, Kundur P., Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited. 2008
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. “HVDC Power Transmission Systems”: Padiyar K.R, New Age
International Private Limited. 2008
R2. “Power Transmission by Direct Current”, Ulmann E., Springer- Verlag. 1975.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the
student will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Recall and analyze working of various inverters. 1,4
Remembering,
Analyzing,
CLO2
Define harmonics and design suitable filters to avoid it.
1, 6
Remembering,
Creating
CLO3 Categorize various Mis-operations of converters in HVDC and summarizing faults.
2,4
Understanding,
Analyzing
CLO4 Define and analyze the transmission of power through
HVDC system.
1,4
Remembering,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs:
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Course Learning Outcomes
Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)
Program
Specific
Outcomes(PS
O
s)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O10
PL
O11
PL
O12
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H M L H L
CLO2 M L L L H M L M
CLO3 M L L L L L L L M M
CLO4 H M M L H M M L L L H
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES
MMA4101P L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To introduce the fundamental concepts of Optimization Techniques;
2. To make the learners aware of the importance of optimizations in real scenarios;
3. To provide the concepts of various classical and modern methods of for constrained and
unconstrained problems in both single and multivariable.
UNIT - I (10 hours)
Linear programming: Statement and classification of optimization problems overview of optimization
techniques standard form of linear programming problems-Definitions and theorems-Simplex method-
Revised simplex method-Duality and Dual simplex method- Sensitivity analysis.
UNIT - II (10 hours)
Unconstrained dimensional optimization techniques: Necessary and sufficient conditions-search
methods (unrestricted Fibonacci and golden)-Interpolation methods(Quadratic, Cubic and direct root
method).
UNIT – III (09 hours)
Direct search methods-Random search-pattern search and Rosen Brock’s hill climbing method- Descent
methods-Steepest descent, conjugate gradient, Quasi Newton and DFE method.
UNIT – IV (10 hours)
Constrained optimization techniques & dynamic programming:
Necessary and sufficient conditions-Equality and inequality constraints-Kuhn-Tacker conditions-
Gradient projection method-cutting plane method-Penalty function method (Interior and
exterior).Principle of optimality-recurrence relation-Computation procedure-continuous dynamic
programming.
UNIT - V (9 hours)
Recent developments in optimization techniques: Rosen brocks Rotating Coordinate Method-Tabu
search-Simulated Annealing-Genetic Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization –Ant colony
Optimization-Bees Algorithm.
TEXT BOOKS:
T1. Pierre, D.A. ‘Optimisation Theory with Applications’ John Wiley & Sons, 1969
T2. Fox, R.L., ‘Optimisation method for Engineering Design’, Addition Welsey,1971.
T3. Hadely,G., ‘Linear Programming’, Addition Wesley, 1962.
T4. Bazaara &Shetty, ‘Non-linear Programming’.
REFERENCES BOOKS:
R1. D.E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithm in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning. Reading,
MA: Addison-Wesly, 1989.
R2.Marco Dorigo, Vittorio Miniezza and Alberto Colorni “Ant System:Optimization by a colony
of Cooperation Agents” IEEE transaction on system man and Cybernetics-Part B:cybernetics,
Volume 26, No 1, pp. 29-41,1996.
R3.Shi, Y. Eberhart, R.C., “A Modified Particle Swarm Optimizer”, Proceedings of the IEEE
International conference on Evolutionary Computation, Anchorage, AK, pp. 69-
Course Learning Outcomes:
1. Formulate optimization problems;
2. Understand and apply the concept of optimality criteria for various type of optimization
problems;
3. Solve various constrained and unconstrained problems in single variable as well as
multivariable.
ACTIVE POWER CONDITIONERS
MEE4103P
L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To study and analyze modern power system characteristics and need of conditioning.
2. To study different power system schemes to improve the power quality and reliability.
3. To provide detailed knowledge of active and hybrid filters along with custom devices.
4. To implement power quality management using power conditioning techniques.
UNIT-I ( 10 hours)
Power Quality Characterization and Analysis: Power quality IEEE 519, IEC standards, Power
electronics application in Transmission and Distribution system, Power acceptability curves, Transients,
Poor load power factor, Load containing harmonics, unbalance loads, Power Quality problems, Custom
Power (CP) and FACTS devices, Harmonic distortion indices, transients, Voltage sag/swell and flicker
indices, , Harmonic reduction.
UNIT-II ( 9 hours)
Active Power Factor Correction: Power factor correction basics, Passive power factor correction,
active power factor correction, Regulator topologies, Integrated circuits for power factor control.
Harmonic filter design, Resonance effect.
UNIT-III (9 hours)
Hybrid and Active Power Filters : Instantaneous symmetrical components, synchronous reference
frame control (d,q, Instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory or pq theory,), Low pass and High pass
filters, Shunt, Series and Shunt-series active power filters, Shunt passive and series active, Shunt passive
and shunt active etc.
UNIT-IV (9 hours)
Custom Power Devices:
DSTATCOM: Structure, Modeling and Control, Current and Voltage control mode, dc capacitor
control.
DVR: Rectifier supported DVR, DC capacitor supported DVR, Structure, Modeling and Control.
UNIT-V ( 9 hours)
Uninterrupted Power Supplies: UPS functions, Power Conditioning, system integration, Static UPS
topologies: double conversion system, line interactive UPS, standby power supplies, Dynamic UPS
Systems, Hybrid Static/Dynamic UPS, Alternate ac and dc sources, Applications.
UNIFIED POWER QUALITY CONDITIONERS: UPQC configurations, right shunt UPQC
characteristics, Instantaneous reactive power control, synchronous reference frame control and
instantaneous symmetrical component control, left shunt UPQC characteristics, structure and control of
right shunt UPQC, structure and control of left shunt UPQC, UPQC application.
Text Books:
T1. A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich, Power Quality Enhancement using Custom Power Devices, Kluwer
Academic Publisher, Boston, MA, 2002.
T2. Timothy L and SK Varenina, Power Electronics Hand Book, CRC Press, New York Washington
DC, 2002.
T3. Keith Billings and Taylor Morey, Switch Mode Power Supply Hand Book, Mc Graw Hill, 2011.
T4. Remus Teodorescu, Marco Liserre and Pedro Rodríguez, Grid Converters for Photovoltaic and
Wind Power Systems, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
References:
R1. C. K. Alexander and M. N. O. Sadiku, Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, Academic Press,
Florida, 2001.
R2. R. C Dugan , S. Santoso, M. F. McGranaghan and H. W. Beaty, Electric Power
System Quality, McGraw-
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s Taxonomy
Level
CLO1 Students will be able to recall, understand need of
power conditioners and their application and to recall,
explain power conditioning and its application to
control active and reactive power.
2, 3
Understanding,
Applying
CLO2 Able to find, explain and analyze different methods of active power factor corrections.
4
Analyzing
CLO3 Define mathematical parameters for identifying filters and their application on different areas.
1,3,6
Remembering, Applying,
Creating
CLO4 Students will be able to recall, understand and describe Custom power devices, DSTATCOM and DVR.
1
Remembering
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning Outcomes
Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)
Program
Specific
Outcomes(PS
Os)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O10
PL
O11
PL
O12
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H L H M M M
CLO2 H H L H M M M
CLO3 H H M L L L H M M M
CLO4 H H L H M M M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)
Specialization: Power Electronics and Electric Drives
II Year, IV Semester
Elective-II (Semester-IV)
SWITCHED MODE POWER CONVERTERS
MEE4201P L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To illustrate the working, analysis and modeling of different types of converters.
2. To develop the knowledge of operation of chopper, voltage waveforms and control principles.
3. To explain the concept SMPS, its principle operation and application.
4. To demonstrate the students about the concept of resonant converters.
UNIT I (10 hours)
Introduction to DC-DC converter:
Review of Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost topologies, Basic Operation, Waveforms, modes of operation-
voltage mode control principles. Push-pull and Forward converter, Basic Operation, Waveforms,
modes of operation- Transformer design-voltage mode control principles.
UNIT II
Isolated Bridge Converters (09 hours)
Half and Full Bridge Converters- Basic Operation, Waveforms, modes of operation-voltage mode
control principles. Fly back Converter - Basic Operation, Waveforms, modes of operation-voltage
mode control principles.
UNIT III
Switch mode power supply-I (08 hours)
Voltage Mode Control of SMPS , Loop gain and Stability Considerations , Shaping the Error Amplifier
gain versus frequency characteristics , Error amplifier Transfer function , Transconductance Error
amplifiers. Current Mode Control of SMPS ,Current Mode Control Advantages, Current Mode versus
Voltage Mode Control of SMPS – Current Mode Deficiencies - Slope Compensation.
UNIT IV
Switch mode power supply-II (10 hours)
Modeling of SMPS ,Basic AC modeling Approach, Modeling of non ideal fly back converter ,State
Space Averaging, basic state space averaged model, State space averaging of non ideal buck boost
converter, Circuit averaging and averaged switch modeling, Modeling of pulse width modulator
UNIT V
Resonant Converters (11 hours)
Introduction to Resonant Converters, Classification of Resonant Converters, Basic Resonant circuit
concepts, load resonant converters ,resonant switch converters , Zero voltage switching, clamped
voltage topologies ,resonant DC Link inverters with zero voltage switching, High frequency link
integral half cycle converter
Text Books:
T1..Ned Mohan ,Power Electronics ,John Wiley & Sons
T2..Abraham I Pressman , Switching Power Supply Design , McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Reference Books
R1. .R. W. Erickson , Fundamental of Power Electronics , Chapman & Hall Publishers
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s Taxonomy
Level
CLO1 Identify and explain the basic operation, waveforms and
modes of operation of Transformer design and voltage
mode control principles also analyze various converters
and show their characteristics.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
CLO2 Illustrate, identify, recall of different half and full
bridge converter connections also analyze flyback
converter and voltage control principles.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
CLO3 Explain; analyze and find the principles of switch mode power conversion and its modeling techniques also identify to design any SMPS
1,2,3, 4,6
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing,
Creating
CLO4 Illustrate analyze and tell the concept of resonant converters also develop the state space model of different converters.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
) P
LO
1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M H H M M M
CLO2 H H M M H M H M
CLO3 H H H M H H M M
CLO4 H H H M H H M H
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Issue
No.
Date Compiled
By
(Faculty)
Checked
By
(Dean)
Ref. BOS
Meeting
Approval
V.C Academic
Council
SPECIAL MACHINE
MEE4205P
L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To explain the various special type of DC machines like Series booster, Shunt booster, Armature
excited machines, Rosenberg generator etc.
2. To analyze the concept of Stepper motor.
3. To illustrate about working of variable reluctance motor.
4. To understand the concept of brushless DC motor and switched reluctance motor
UNIT-I: (9 hours)
Special Types of D.C Machines-I
Series booster, Shunt booster, Non-reversible booster, Reversible booster
Special Types of DC Machines –II:
Armature excited machines, Rosenberg generator, The Amplidyne and metadyne, Rototrol and
Regulex-third brush generator-three-wire generator-dynamometer
UNIT-II: (10 hours)
STEPPER MOTORS:
Introduction, synchronous inductor (or hybrid stepper motor), Hybrid stepping motor, construction,
principles of operation, energization with two phase at a time- essential conditions for the satisfactory
operation of a 2-phase hybrid step motor, very slow speed synchronous motor for servo control,
different configurations for switching the phase windings, control circuits for stepping motors,an open-
loop controller for a 2-phase stepping motor.
UNIT-III: (10 hours)
VARIABLE RELUCTANCE STEPPING MOTORS:
Variable reluctance ( VR ) Stepping motors, single-stack VR step motors, Multiple stack VR motors-
Open-loop control of 3-phase VR step motor-closed-Loop control of step motor, discriminator ( or
rotor position sensor ) translator, major loop characteristics of step motor in open-loop drive
,comparison between open-loop position control with step motor and a position control servo using a
conventional ( dc or ac ) servo motor, Suitability and areas of application of stepping motors,5- phase
hybrid stepping motor , single phase stepping motor, the construction, operating principle torque
developed in the motor.
UNIT-IV: (10 hours)
SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR:
Introduction, improvements in the design of conventional reluctance motors, Some distinctive
differences between SR and conventional reluctance motors, principle of operation of SRM, Some
design aspects of stator and rotor pole arcs, design of stator and rotor and pole arcs in SR motor-
determination of L(θ)-θ profile, power converter for SR motor, A numerical example ,Rotor sensing
mechanism and logic control, drive and power circuits, position sensing of rotor with Hall problems,
derivation of torque expression, general linear case.
UNIT -V: (9 hours)
BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR:
Types of construction , principle of operation of BLDM, sensing and switching logic scheme, sensing
logic controller, lockout pulses drive and power circuits, Base drive circuits, power converter circuit,
Theoretical analysis and performance prediction, modeling and magnet circuit, d-q analysis of BLDM
,transient analysis formulation in terms of flux linkages as state variables. Approximate solution for
current and torque under steady state ,Theory of BLDM as variable speed synchronous motor (
assuming sinusoidal flux distribution ),Methods or reducing Torque Pulsations, 180 degrees pole arc
and 120 degree current sheet
Text Books:
T1. Rakosh Das Begamudre “Electro Mechanical Energy Conversation with Dynamics of Machines”,
New Age International, 2003.
T2. Hughes, A. (1994). Electric Motors and Drives. Newnes.
T3. . Leonhard,W. (1990). Control of Electrical Drives. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg NewYork,
Tokyo, 2 edition.
T4. . K.venkataratnam, “Special electrical machines” - University press.
T5. V.V. Athani,“ Stepper motor : Fundamentals , Applications and Design”- New age International
pub.
Reference Books:
R1. R.k. Rajput ,“Electrical machines”-5th edition.
R2. Ned Mohan, Tore. M. Undeland and William. P Robbins, “Power Electronics: Converters,
Applications and Design”, John Wiley and Sons.
R3. Boldea I., Nasar S.A., Electric Drives, CRC Press.
R4. Bimal K. Bose, Power Electronics and Motor Drives, Elsevier, 2006.
R5. P. C. Sen, Principles of Electrical Machines and Power Electronics, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York,
1997.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Descriptio
n
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Level
CLO1 Illustrate, identify, recall of types of DC machines like Series booster, Shunt booster also analyze the various dc machines like Armature excited machines, Rosenberg generator etc
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
CLO2 Explain; analyze and find the model of various stepper motors also identify about different configurations for switching the phase windings, control circuits for stepping motors.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
CLO3 Illustrate; identify, and analyze different variable reluctance stepping motors also find their open loop and closed loop control.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
CLO4 Explain; analyze and find the techniques used in switched reluctance motor and BLDC motor also apply different technique for modeling it.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M M M H M M M
CLO2 H H H H H H M H M
CLO3 H H M M H H H M M
CLO4 H H H H H H H M H
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Elective-II (Semester-IV)
NEURAL NETWORK & FUZZY CONTROL
MEE4203P
L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To illustrate the knowledge of Neural Networks and use these for controlling real time systems.
2. To develop the knowledge of back propagation networks, its architecture solution and application.
3. To explain the basics of Fuzzy logic theory operation and conversion.
4. To analyze neural network in pattern recognition, forecasting, control, clustering, data mining and
decision making engineering problems.
UNIT-I (12 Hours)
Neural Networks-1(Introduction & Architecture)
Neuron, Nerve structure and synapse, Artificial Neuron and its model, activation functions, Neural
network architecture: single layer and multilayer feed forward networks, recurrent networks. Various
learning techniques; perception and convergence rule, Auto-associative and hetro-associative memory
UNIT-II (10 Hours)
Neural Networks-II (Back propagation networks)
Architecture: perception model, solution, single layer artificial neural network, multilayer perception
model, back propagation learning methods, effect of learning rule co-efficient ,back propagation
algorithm, factors affecting back propagation training, applications.
UNIT-III (8 Hours)
Fuzzy Logic-I (Introduction)
Basic concepts of fuzzy logic, Fuzzy sets and Crisp sets, Fuzzy set theory and operations, Properties of
fuzzy sets, Fuzzy and Crisp relations, Fuzzy to Crisp conversion.
UNIT-IV (9 Hours)
Fuzzy Logic –II (Fuzzy Membership, Rules)
Membership functions, interference in fuzzy logic, fuzzy if-then rules, Fuzzy implications and Fuzzy
algorithms, Fuzzyfications & Defuzzificataions, Fuzzy Controller, Industrial applications.
UNIT-V (9 Hours)
Fuzzy Neural Networks:
L-R Type fuzzy numbers, fuzzy neutron, fuzzy back propagation (BP), architecture, learning in fuzzy
BP, inference by fuzzy BP, applications.
Text Books
T1. Kumar Satish, “Neural Networks” Tata Mc Graw Hill
T2. S. Rajsekaran & G.A. Vijayalakshmi Pai, “Neural Networks,Fuzzy Logic and Genetic
Algorithm:Synthesis and Applications” Prentice Hall of India.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. Siman Haykin,”Neural Netowrks” Prentice Hall of India
R2. Timothy J. Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications” Wiley India.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Illustrate, identify, analyze the concepts of feed
forward neural networks also define the Various learning
techniques; perception and convergence rule.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing,
CLO2 Explain; analyze and find the back propogation neural networks also make use of different modes of operation in artificial neural network.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO3 Illustrate, identify, recall of fuzziness involved in various systems also analyze about adequate knowledge of fuzzy set theory.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Explain; analyze and find the comprehensive knowledge of fuzzy logic control, adaptive fuzzy logic also develop the fuzzy control using genetic algorithm.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H H M M H M M H
CLO2 H H H M M H M M M
CLO3 H H H H M H H M M
CLO4 H H M M M H M H M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Elective-II (Semester-IV)
DIGITAL CONTROLLERS ARCHITECTURE & INTERFACING
MEE4206P
L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To understand the introduction of embedded system.
2. To develop the concept of Processor and memory organization.
3. To illustrate the concept of real time and real time operating system.
4. To analyze controller & CPU Architecture and discuss about description of timing and control
units, Assembly level programming & Timers.
UNIT I (10 Hours)
Introduction to Embedded System:
An embedded system, processor, hardware unit, soft ware embedded into a system, Example of an
embedded system, OS services, I/O, N/W, O/S. Real time and embedded OS, Co-design operating
system, efficient I/O testing and debugging, Hardware Architecture for embedded systems, Embedded
Applications.
UNIT II (10 Hours)
Processor and Memory Organization:
Structural unit in a processor, processor selection for an embedded system. Memory devices, memory
selection for an embedded system, allocation of memory to program statements and blocks and
memory map of a system. Direct memory accesses, Pipelining and Cache Memories, Paging and
Segmentation, Fragmentation.
UNIT III (10 Hours)
Real Time System:
Types, Real Time Computing, Design Issue, Sample Systems, Hardware Requirements- Processor in a
system, System Memories, System I/O, Other Hardware Devices (A/D, D/A, USART, Watchdog
Timers, Interrupt Controllers). Device Drivers, Interrupt Servicing Mechanism & Interrupt Latency.
UNIT IV (10 Hours)
Real Time Operating System:
Fundamental Requirements of RTOS, Real Time Kernel Types, Schedulers, Various Scheduling
modules with examples, Latency (Interrupt Latency, Scheduling Latency and Context Switching
Latency), Tasks, State Transition Diagram, Task Control Block. Inter-task communication and
synchronization of tasks.
UNIT V (8 Hours)
Micro chip PIC Microcontroller:
Introduction to 18cxx controller, CPU Architecture, Description of timing and control units, interfacing
memory & I/O devices, Addressing modes, Instruction set, Assembly level programming, Timers, I/O
port expansion, Interrupts, ITC Bus operation, Serial EEPROM, ADC, UART, DAC using PWM,
Serial Programming/Parallel slave port, I2C Bus for Peripheral Chip Access, Applications.
Texts Books:
T1. Rajkamal, “Embedded System Architecture: Programming & Design”, TMH Edition.
T2. H.-W. Huang, “ PIC Microcontroller:An Introduction to Software & Hardware Interfacing”
T3. John B. Peatman “Design with PIC Microcontrollers”, Prentice Hall.
Reference Books:
R1. Jane W.S. Liu, “Real Time Systems”, Pearson Education.
R2. Philip. A. Laplante, “Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis- An Engineer’s Handbook”- Second
Edition, PHI Publications.
R3..K.V.K. Prasad,“Embedded Real Time Systems: Concepts Design and Programming”, Dreamtech
press.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Illustrate; identify, and analyze hardware Architecture for embedded systems also find it’s applications.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
CLO2 Explain; analyze and find the interfacing of external devices to the micro-controller also analyze memory to program statements hence memory map of a system
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
CLO3 Explain; analyze and find real time computing, design of sample systems also make use of of hardware devices of real time controller.
1,2,3, 4,6
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing,
Creating
CLO4 Illustrate, identify, find the interfacing of external devices to the micro-controller also analyze microchip & micro-controller ,interfacing memory ,I/O devices etc.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding, Applying,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M M M H M M M
CLO2 H H M M M H M M M
CLO3 H H M M M H M M M
CLO4 H H H M M H M M M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
SEMINAR/ MINOR PROJECT
MEE4501P
L T P C
0 0 4 4
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To discover and develop the concept to improve the professional competency and research
aptitude.
2. To motive and energize talent to cope up with the real world scenario.
3. To improve presentation skills.
4. To develop an aptitude to deliver commitments and manage time and stress pressures.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student
will be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 After successful completion of the seminar presentation, the students will be able to assess, analyze and develop technological and research topics more effectively.
4, 5, 6
Analyzing,
Evaluating,
Creating
CLO2 The minor project is designed to develop practical ability and knowledge about practical tools/techniques
3, 6
Applying,
Creating
CLO3 Develop, infer and plan the concept in order to solve real life problems related to the industry, academic institutions and engineering research.
3, 4, 6
Applying,
Analyzing,
Creating
CLO4 Develop and improve an aptitude to deliver commitments and manage time and stress pressures
3, 6
Applying,
Creating
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H H H
H H M M M
CLO2 H H M L
H H M H M
CLO3 H H M
M M
M H H M M
CLO4 H H M M M
M H M M M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Elective-III (Semester-V)
POWER QUALITY
MEE5101P
L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To analyze the power quality problems and their effects on power supply systems.
2. To explain the aspects of power quality in distribution system and various indices.
3. To demonstrate about the source of harmonics, various power quality problems and corresponding
remedial measures through filtering and static controller, advanced multi-level controller.
4. To discuss about elimination of harmonics using active and passive filters.
5. To analyze electro-magnetic compatibility to improve power quality.
UNIT I (09 hours)
POWER QUALITY OVERVIEW: Impact of power quality problems on end users, Power quality
monitoring, Power Quality terms and definitions, poor load power factor, loads containing harmonics,
dc off set in loads, unbalanced loads, disturbances in supply voltage.
UNIT II (11 hours)
HARMONICS: Definition of harmonics, odd and even order harmonics, causes of voltage and current
harmonics, harmonic signatures, effect of harmonics on power system devices, guidelines for harmonic
voltage and current limitation, harmonic current mitigation, active and passive Harmonic Filters.
UNIT III (08 hours)
POWER QUALITY STANDARDS
Players That Influence End-Use Power Quality, characteristics of customer loads and systems,
Important categories for these investigations: modeling ,case study and analytical tools.
UNIT IV (10 hours)
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION AND POWER QUALITY: DG Technologies, Interface to the
Utility System, Power Quality Issues, Operating Conflicts, DG on Distribution Networks, Siting DG
Distributed Generation, Interconnection Standards.
UNIT V (10 hours)
POWER QUALITY MONITORING: Historical perspective of power quality measuring
instruments: Power line disturbance analyzer, Power quality measurement equipment: harmonic
spectrum analyzer, flicker meters, disturbance analyzer.
TEXT BOOKS:
T1. C Shankaran, “ Power Quality”- CRC Press London, 2002.
T2. Arindam Ghosh “Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices”, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 2002.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. Roger.C.Dugan, Mark.F.McGranagham, Surya Santoso, H.Wayne Beaty, “Electrical Power
Systems Quality”, McGraw Hill, 2003.
R2. Angelo Baggini, “Electric Power Quality”, John Wiley & Sons,2008
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Illustrate; identify, and analyze also find solution for minimizing it.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO2 Explain; analyze and find the effect of harmonics on power system devices and make use of filter to eliminate them.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing,
CLO3 Illustrate; identify and find the use of equipment for improvement of power quality also analyze about the various power quality phenomenon, origin, monitoring and mitigating methods.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Explain; identify and find the monitoring techniques and
preventive measures of different Power quality issues in
electrical systems also analyze the distributed generation
technologies and it’s power quality issues.
1,2,3, 4
Rememberin
g,
Understandi
ng,
Applying,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H H H H H M M M
CLO2 H H H H H H M M M
CLO3 H H M M M H M M M
CLO4 H H M M M H M M M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Elective-III (Semester-V)
POWER ELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY
SYSTEMS
MEE5102P
L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To illustrate the concept different power electronics devices for Renewable Energy Systems.
2. To understand the basics and need of alternate energy sources, their current status at national and
regional level.
3. To explain the concept of wind energy, working of wind turbines and their types etc.
4. To discuss the control strategies with the application of power electronics devices for different
Renewable Energy Systems.
5. To analyze wind and photovoltaic energy conversion in detail.
UNIT-I (12 Hours)
HIGH POWER DEVICES AND THREE PHASE CONVERTERS: High power devices for power
system controllers – Characteristics - Converters configurations for large power control. Properties of
three phase converters, Current and voltage harmonics, Effects of source and load impedance, choice of
best circuit of power system.
UNIT-II (08 Hours)
CONVERTER CONTROL: Gate control - Basic means of control - Control characteristics – stability
of control- Reactive power control.
UNIT-III (09 Hours)
HVDC SYSTEMS: Application of converters in HVDC system - Static VAR control - Sources of
reactive power -Harmonics and filters.
UNIT-IV (10 Hours)
WIND ENERGY AND PV ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM: Basic components - Generator
control – Harmonics - Power factor improvement. Different schemes for PV energy conversion - DC
and AC power conditioners - Synchronized operation with grid supply - Harmonic problems.
UNIT-V (09 Hours)
POWER FLOW ANALYSIS: Component models - Converter model - Analysis of converter -
Transient and Dynamic stability analysis - Protection.
TEXT BOOKS:
T1. Padiyar.K.R.,”HVDC Power Transmission System”, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 2011.
T2. . Rai.G.D., “Solar Energy Utilization”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2005.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. Daniel, Haunt.V, “Wind Power-A Handbook of WECS”,Van Nostrand Co.,New York, 1981.
R2. Rakesh Das Bagamudre, “Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering”, New Age
International Ltd.,
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Explain; identify and find the basic converters used in
solar and wind system also analyze current and voltage
harmonics, effects of source and load impedance etc.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO2 Illustrate; identify and analyze different types of converter control and find their characteristics.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing,
CLO3 Explain; identify and find the electrical machines and converters used in renewable energy conversion also analyze the application of converters in HVDC system.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Illustrate; identify and find different ways to restore stability of the renewable energy system also analyze the wind and PV systems and its hybrid operation is successfully studied.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
) P
LO
1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M H H H H M M
CLO2 H H H H H H M H M
CLO3 H H H M M H M M M
CLO4 H H M M H H M M M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Elective-III (Semester-V)
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND ITS APPLICATION
MEE5108P
L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To explain the concept of Z transformation and stability analysis and filters.
2. To analyze the basic concepts and techniques for processing signals on a computer.
3. To discuss the concepts of Model reference control systems and write Assembly Language
Programs for the Digital Signal Processors.
4. Configure and design Digital Input / Output lines ,ADCs and use Interrupts for real time control
applications.
UNIT I (12 hours)
REVIEW OF DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS AND Z—TRANSFORMS: Z- transfer function (Pulse
transfer function), Z- Transforms analysis, sampled data systems, Stability analysis (Jury’s Stability
Test and Bilinear Transformation), Pulse transfer functions and different configurations for closed loop
Discrete-time control systems.
UNIT II (8 hours)
REVIEW OF DSP FUNDAMENTALS: FIR filter design by windowing; Adaptive filtering
techniques; Fourier analysis of signal using FFT.
UNIT III (10 hours)
INTRODUCTION TO REAL TIME DSP AND MS320F2407/TMS320C6XXX/ADMC401:
Architecture,; Instruction set; Addressing modes; Simple Assembly programs; Real time digital FIR
filter; Real time LMS adoptive filers; Real time frequency domain processing.
UNIT IV (12 hours )
STATE SPACE MODEL: State model for continuous time and discrete time systems, Solutions of
state equations (for both continuous and discrete systems), Concepts of controllability and observability
(For both continuous and discrete systems), Pole Placement by state feedback (for both continuous and
discrete systems), Full order and reduced order observes (for both continuous and discrete systems),
Dead beat control by state feedback, Optimal control problems using state variable approach, State
Regulator and output regulator.
UNIT V (06 hours )
MODEL REFERENCE ADAPTIVE CONTROL: Concepts of Model reference control systems,
Adaptive Control systems and design.
TEXT BOOKS:
T1. Oppenheim and Schafer, “Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall.
T2. Proakis J, “Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall.
T3. Rulph Chassaing and Donald Reay, "Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the
TMS320C6713 and TMS320C6416 DSK", John Wiley and Sons.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. . Samuel Stearns, “Digital Signal Processing with examples in MATLAB”, CRC Press.
R2. Ogata K “Discrete time Control Systems”, PHI
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Illustrate; recall the discrete-time signals analytically and utilizes them in the time domain also find Pulse transfer functions and different configurations for closed loop Discrete-time control systems.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO2 Explain; identify and find the meaning and implications of the properties of systems and signals also analyze different DSP fundamental techniques.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO3 Illustrate; identify and find the Transform domain and its significance and problems related to computational complexity and analyze the different types of real time DSP techniques.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
CLO4 Explain, analyze and find any digital filters using MATLAB. Configure and make use of Interrupts for real time control applications.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
) P
LO
1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M M M H M M M
CLO2 H H M M M H M M M
CLO3 H H M M M H M M M
CLO4 H H H H H H M H M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Elective-III (Semester-V)
ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEM
MEE5105P
L T P C
4 2 0 5
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To understand the fundamentals of electrical railway systems.
2. Understand functions of both AC and DC rail vehicle propulsion systems and AC and DC railway
power supply systems.
3. To design an electric line for traction services.
4. To develop braking mechanisms for traction drives and to achieve efficient battery management.
5. To design protection schemes for electrical equipment.
UNIT–I: (09 hours)
TRACTION SYSTEMS AND LATEST TRENDS: Present scenario of Indian Railways – High
speed traction, Metro, Latest trends in traction- Metro, monorail, Magnetic levitation Vehicle, Steam,
diesel, diesel-electric, Battery and electric traction systems, General arrangement of D.C., A.C. single
phase, 3phase phase, Composite systems, Choice of traction system - Diesel or Electric.
UNIT–II: (10 hours)
MECHANICS OF TRAIN MOVEMENT: Analysis of speed time curves for main line, suburban and
urban services, Simplified speed time curves. Relationship between principal quantities in speed time
curves, Requirement of tractive effort, Specific energy consumption and Factors affecting it.
UNIT-III: (10 hours)
TRACTION MOTORS AND THEIR CONTROL: Features of traction motors, Significance of D.C.
series motor as traction motor.
A. C. TRACTION MOTORS- Single phase, three phases, Linear Induction Motor.
Comparison between different traction motors, Series-parallel control Open circuit, Shunt and bridge
transition, Pulse Width Modulation control of induction motors, Types of electric braking systems.
UNIT-IV: (10 hours)
ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT: Important features of electric
locomotives, Different types of locomotives, Current collecting equipment, Coach wiring and lighting
devices, Power conversion and transmission systems, Control and auxiliary equipment.
UNIT-V: (09 hours)
FEEDING AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: Distribution systems pertaining to traction
(distributions and feeders), Traction sub-station requirements and selection, Method of feeding the
traction sub- station.
TEXT BOOKS:
T1. Modern Electric Traction- H. Partab Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New Delhi
T2. Electric Traction - J. Upadhyay ,S. N. Mahendra Allied Publishers Ltd., Dhanpat Rai and Sons,
New Delhi
REFERENCE BOOKS:
R1. Electric Traction Hand Book- R. B. Brooks. Sir Isaac Pitman and sons ltd.
R2. Electric Traction- A.T. Dover- Mac millan, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New Delhi
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Illustrate; identify, find different traction systems and
latest trends in traction systems also analyze the choice of
traction system - Diesel or Electric.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
CLO2 Illustrate; identify, analyze speed time curves for main line, suburban, urban services and find Relationship between principal quantities in speed time curves
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
CLO3 Explain; identify, find the services of traction system based
on speed time curve also analyze to control different types of
traction motors.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying, Analyzing
CLO4 Explain; identify, find the distribution system of a traction
system and analyze to use various traction system auxiliaries.
1,2,3, 4
Remembering,
Understanding,
Applying,
Analyzing
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
) P
LO
1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H H M M H M M M
CLO2 H H M M H M M M
CLO3 H H M M H M M M
CLO4 H H M M H M M M
H: High M: Medium L: Low
DISSERTATION-I
MEE5501P L T P C
0 0 6 6
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To generate the reading capability for publication or literature survey.
2. Comparative study and find the suitable model and methodology.
3. Discussion of tool to be used for data analysis.
4. Develop the solution methodology.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the student will be
able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Identify, examine, develop and distinguish problem
suitable to carryout dissertation work through literature
survey.
3, 4, 6
Applying,
Analyzing,
Creating
CLO2 Formulate the problem and identify suitable modeling
paradigm Analyze the problem and design the solution based
methodology.
3,4, 6
Applying,
Analyzing,
Creating
CLO3 Discus and Analyze the problem and identify the solution
methodology.
3,4, 6
Applying,
Analyzing,
Creating
CLO4 Conclude the result based on their analysis and improve the
model.
4, 5, 6
Analyzing,
Evaluating,
Creating
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H M H M M M H
CLO2 M H H H M H H M
CLO3 M L H L L M M M M
CLO4 H M H L M M H H
M. Tech.: Electrical Engineering (Part Time)
Specialization: Power Electronics and Electric Drives
III Year, VI Semester
COMPREHENSIVE VIVA
MEE6502P
Course Learning Objectives:
1. To understand the subjective knowledge.
2. Correlate the subjective knowledge in modern system
3. Improve the thoughts in various applications for renewable energy and energy audit.
4. Correlation of subjects to make a modern design.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the students will
be able to:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy Level
CLO1 Develop the thought to apply in modern RE&EA system. 3, 6
Applying, Creating
CLO2 Defend the subjective knowledge and give the solution in
practical. 5, 6
Evaluating,
Creating
CLO3 Understand and discus for modern trends.
2,6
Understanding,
Creating,
CLO4 To understand the various courses and comprehensively
correlate them in design and operation of modern trends in
renewable energy and energy audit.
6
Creating
L T P C
0 0 0 2
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
H: High M: Medium L: Low
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H M H M M M H
CLO2 M H H H H H H M
CLO3 H H L M M M M M
CLO4 H M H L H M H H
DISSERTATION-II
MEE6501P L T P C
0 0 18 18
Course Learning Objectives:
1. Application of theory knowledge in practical design.
2. To understand the publication writing skill.
3. To understand the different modern tool for data analysis.
4. Comparative study in modern trend publication and their contribution for enhancement.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO): On completion of the course, the students will
be able:
CLO Description Bloom’s
Taxonomy
Level
CLO1 Simulate, develop and analyze using modern tool sets and
validate through experimental methods wherever feasible.
4, 6
Analyzing,
Creating
CLO2 Validate, justify, and analyze the results using multiple case
studies.
4, 5
Analyzing,
Evaluating,
CLO3 Examine the data analysis and reused for validation, to
make use of publication. 3,4
Applying,
Analyzing,
CLO4 Elaborate the conclusions and draw inferences worthy of
publication 5, 6
Evaluating,
Creating
Mapping of CLOs with PLOs & PSOs
Course
Learning
Outcomes
Program
Learning
Outcomes (PLOs)
Program Specific
Outcomes(PSOs
)
PL
O1
PL
O2
PL
O3
PL
O4
PL
O5
PL
O6
PL
O7
PL
O8
PL
O9
PL
O1
0
PL
O1
1
PL
O1
2
PS
O1
PS
O2
PS
O3
PS
O4
CLO1 H M H M M M H
CLO2 M H H H H H H M
CLO3 H H L M M M M M
CLO4 H M H L H M H H
H: High M: Medium L: Low