Sylhet Agricultural University

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Sylhet Agricultural University Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science

Master of Science (MS) in Agroforestry Course Layout

1. Total credits : 42 2. MS course duration : 18 months consists of 3 Semesters, each of 6 months duration (there will be 18 working weeks in each

semester covering instructions, assignments, seminar and examinations in Semester-I and Semester-II and the Semester-III i.e., Research semester will be of 6 months duration).

3. Compulsory courses : 6 compulsory courses from own department of total 18 credits (3 credits x 6 courses =18 credits). 4. Elective courses : 4 elective courses from own and/or other departments of total 8 credits (2 credits x 4 courses=8 credits). 5. Research & Thesis : 16 credits Courses and credits in different semesters

Semester-I (July–December) Semester-II (January– June) Semester-III (July-December)

A. Compulsory course A. Compulsory course Thesis Semester

Course No.

Course title Cr. Course No.


Course title Cr.

AGROF 501

Agroforestry systems and practices

3 AGROF 504

Agroforest Management Technology

3 AGROF 507

Continuation of research & thesis writing

4 (S/U)

AGROF 502

Agroforest Botany

3 AGROF 505

Social Forestry and Rural Development

3 AGROF 508

Thesis evaluation

5

AGROF 503

Agroforestry Research Methodology

3 AGROF 506

Component Interaction in Agroforestry

3 AGROF 509

Thesis defense 3

Sub-total 9 Sub-total 9

B. Elective course (At least 2 courses must be taken)


AGROF 510

Silvicultutural practices in Agroforestry

2 AGROF 514

Wood Quality and Wood Technology

2

AGROF 511

Medicinal Plants and Non-wood Products

2 AGROF 515

Land-use Planning in Agroforestry

2

AGROF 512

Soil Productivity and Conservation in Agroforestry

2 AGROF 516

Environmental Protection in Agroforestry

2

AGROF 513

Pest Management in Agroforestry

2 AGROF 517

Watershed Management 2


C. Research & Thesis C. Research & Thesis

AGROF 507

Research works and Seminar

2 (S/U)

AGROF 507


2 (S/U)

Total credits 15 Total credits 15 Total credits 12

Grand Total Credits = 42

S/U = Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory

Course evaluation system

Sl. No. Topic Marks (%) Comment

1 Assignments 20

2 Class Test 2x20 marks 40

3 Final examination 40

Total 100

*If a student fails to complete his/her MS within 3 normal semesters from the enrollment, additional 2 semesters will be allowed to complete the degree, otherwise his/her enrollment will be cancelled. **Semester –III will be research semester whenever the student enrolls as MS student.

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Syllabus for M S in Agroforestry Course No. AGROF 501

Course Title: Agroforestry Systems and Practices Credit hours: 3

Introduction

Nature, attributes and potential roles of Agroforestry.

Agroforestry systems and practices

Traditional and other relevant agroforestry systems practices & technologies- Agrisilvicultrual systems Sivopastural systems

Agrosilvopastural systems, Aquasilvicultural systems and other Agroforestry systems.

Agroforestry systems practiced in Bangladesh

Agroforestry systems practiced in other tropical countries

India, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Nepal, Srilanka, and Philippines etc.

Agroforestry systems in Temperate regions

Agrosilvicultural Uses of windbreaks & shelterbelts, silvopastoral systems in woodland livestock grazing in managed plantation,

current temperate-zone agroforestry systems and intercropping under hardwood species.

Evaluation of Agroforestry systems

Methodology for evaluating Agroforestry systems, productivity evaluation, Sustainability evaluation and Adoptability evaluation.

References: Huxley, P.A 1999 Tropical Agroforestry Blackwell Sciences

Haque, M.A. (ed) 1996 Agroforestry in Bangladesh. VFFP, BAU, Mymensingh and SDC, Dhaka.

Jha, L.K. 1995. Advances in Agroforestry, APH publishing Corporation, New Delhi

Nair, P.K.R. 1993. An Introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Mellink, W; Y.S. Rao and K.G. Mac Dicken (eds), 1991. Agroforestry in Asia and the pacific, RAPA, FAO and Winrock International,

Bangkok, Thailand.

Zabala N.Q. 1990. Development of Professional Education in the Forestry Sector. IFCU, Chittagong and FAO, Rome, Italy.

Zhaohua, Z; C. Mantang; W. Shiji and j. Youxu (eds.), 1991. Agroforestry Systems in China. The Chinese Academy of Forestry and

IDRC, Canada.

Nair, P.K.R. 1987. Agroforestry Systems Inventory. Agrofortestry Systems 5: 301-317.

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Course Title: Agroforest Botany Credit hours: 3

Introduction

Woody perennials and other Agroforest Species, their classification, Characteristics and uses in various agroforsetry systems.

Multipurpose Trees & Shrubs (MPTS) in Agroforestry

Concept and variable uses of indigenous and exotic multipurpose trees; selection of MPTS and other woody perennials for different

agroforestry systems in different agroecological zones of Bangladesh.

Characteristic features of selected species Morphophysiology adaptability, propagation systems and uses of the selected

species, their root spread, canopy growth, litterfall and phenophases.

Introduction and improvement of selected species

Improvement of varieties through selection procedure, introduction of adaptable exotic species; their production & distribution, tree

improvement through vegetative propagation and grafting techniques.

References Bandyopadhyay, A.K. 1997. A text Book of Agroforestry with Applications. UBS publishers Distributors Ltd. New Delhi. India.

Khan M. S and M. K. Alam. 1996. Homestead Flora of Bangladesh. BARC, IDRC, SDC, Dhaka Bangladesh.

Jha, L.K. 1995. Advances in Agroforestry. APH publishing Corporation, New Delhi.

Mac Dicken, K.G.1994. Selection and Management of Nitrogen-Fixing Trees. Morrilton, Arkansas: Winkrock International and

Bankok: FAO.

Nair, P.K.R. 1993. An Introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Das, D.K.1990 List of Bangladesh Village Tree Species. Forest Research Institute, Chittagong.

Huq, A.M. 1986. Plant Names of Bangladesh. Bangladesh National Herbarium, 220, Green Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka.

.

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Course Title: Agroforestry Research Methodology Credit hours: 3

General discussions on research issues in Agroforestry; Principles of field experiment in Agroforestry.

Problem identification, developing program of research with written study plan.

Implementation of Agroforestry research.

Designing and management of Agroforestry experiment.

Procedure of data collection.

Data analysis and interpretation of results

Orientation to computer system for data analysis with computer package program.

References

Avery, M.E, M.G.R. Cannell and C. Ong (eds.), 1990. Biophysical Research for Asian Agroforestry. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.

Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

Burch. W.R (ed.) 1990. Applications of Social Science: Theory and Methods to Agroforestry Research. Oxford and IBH Publishing

Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

Raintree, J.B. 1986. D&D user’s manual: an introduction to Agroforestry diagnosis and design. ICRAF, Nairobi.

Huxley, P.A (ed.) 1986. A manual of methodology for the exploration of multipurpose tress (MPTs). ICRAF, Nairobi.

Bentley, W.R. 1985. Agroforestry: a strategy for research and action in india. Ford Foundation, New Delhi.

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Course Title: Agroforest Management Technology Credit hours: 3

Structural management of Agroforestry Systems

Brief outline on structural development of important agroforestry system modification and replacement of existing systems in

farmland in farmland and homestead plantations.

Management systems for sustainablility and productivity in agroforestry

Sustainable management of different agroforestry systems for increased production; NFTs for soil conservation and fertility

maintenance management of degraded lands for maximizing outputs, byproduct utilization and nutrient recycling.

Tree management technologies in Agroforestry

Plantation, establishment & replacement techniques, nursing and protection of saplings, training and pruning for desired

canopy structures, root & shoot management techniques under different Agroforestry systems.

Harvesting & Processing of agroforestry products

Harvesting of woody perennials, severe branch pruning for forage and fuel woods, lopping, pollarding and tree felling

techniques, harvesting of corps and other non-wood products under different agroforestry systems, post harvest processing of

agroforestry products.

Functional aspects and economics of Agroforestry systems

Inputs, labour utilization, systems dynamics, affective factors, land-man ratio, economic policies and evaluation of individual

systems, marketing of Agroforestry products, risk and remedies.

References Alam, M.K; F.U. Ahmed and S.M.R. Amin (eds.) 1997. Agroforestry: Bangladesh perspective. APAN. NAWG and BARC.

Haque, M.A. (ed.). 1996. Agroforestry in Bangladesh. VFFP, BAU, Mymensingh and SDC, Dhaka.

Nair, P.K.R.1993. An Introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic publishers.

Jha, L.K.1995. Advance in Agroforestry. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.

Mellink, W; Y.S. Rao and K.G. MacDicken (eds), 1991. Agroforestry in Asia and the Pacific. RAPA. FAO and Winrock

International, Bangkok, Thailand.

Zhaohua, Z; C. Mantang; W. Shiji and J. Youxu (eds), 1991. Agroforestry Systems in China. The Chinese Academy of Forestry

and IDRC, Canada.

Pirone, P.P. 1978. Tree Maintenance. Oxford Univ. Press. New York.

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Course Title: Social Forestry and Rural Development Credit hours: 3

Introduction

Concept, Principles of social forestry, criteria and requisites for social forestry, factors of social forestry, ideal social forestry

program, background of social forestry in Bangladesh.

Social Forestry

Elements of social forestry; Physical and socio-economic environment of social forestry; targets, goals and objectives of social

forestry, production systems and appropriate technologies for social forestry.

Social forestry Program and Project development

Planning, designing, monitoring and evaluation of social forestry programs.

Social forestry policy and legislation

Formation of policies and laws for social forestry development in Bangladesh.

Social forestry for rural development in Bangladesh

Gender issues in social forestry; Women’s role and participation in social forestry; Role of NGOs for social forestry

development in Bangladesh.

Tools and Techniques for rural appraisal

Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Participatory Action Research (PAR).

Reference Ahmed, M.R (ed.) 1994. Social Forestry and community Development. Proceedings of a national workshop held at the IFCU,

Chittagong University, Bangladesh on 5-10 October 1991.

Ahmed, M.R. 1991. Social Forestry: Theories, concepts and Applications, Paper Presented at seminar on “Management of

Social Forestry Projects” held on Feb. 17-20, 1991 in Dhaka Organized by World Food Program.

Magno, V.C. 1986. Community Forestry Handbook. Field Document No. 1. ADB Community Forestry Project

(UNDP/FAO/BGD/81/028).

Bandhu. D. and R.Q. Garg. 1986. Social Forestry and Tribal Development. New Delhi: Indian environmental Society.

FAO, 1985, Tree Growing by Rural People. FAO Forestry Paper No. 64. Rome Italy.

FAO, 1985. Monitoring and Evaluation of Participatory forestry Projects. FAO Forestry Paper No. 60. Rome Italy.

Prashad, V.N. 1985. Principal and Practice of Social-cum-community Forestry. Dehra Dun: International Book Distributors.

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Course Title: Component Interaction in Agroforestry Credit hours: 3

Introduction

Concept, nature and type of interactions.

Ecological interactions between Agroforestry components, competition between the components for growth

resources.

Principles of Resource capture and utilization of light, water and nutrients.

Microclimate modification in Agroforestry.

Efficient use of growth resources for maximizing the overall productivity.

Tree-Soil-Crop interaction on slopes.

Root distribution of trees and crops

Competition and/or complementary.

Reference

Ong,C.K. and P.A. Huxley. 1999. Tree-crop Interaction: A Physiological Approach. CABI Publishing.

Huxley, P.A. 1999. Tropical Agroforestry. Blackwell Science.

Alam, M.K; F.U. Farid and S.M.R. Amin (eds.) 1997. Agroforestry: Bangladesh perspectiv, APAN, NAWG and BARC.

Nair P.K.R 1993. An Introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Vandermeer, J. 1989. The Ecology of Intercropping.

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Sylhet Agricultural University

Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science Syllabus for M S in Agroforestry

Course No. AGROF 510 Course Title: Silvicultural Practices in Agroforestry

Credit hours: 2

Introduction

Concepts and basic principles of silviculture, concepts of Bangladesh forest and need for silvicultural practices in Agroforestry.

Silvicultural Systems

clear felling systems, uniform systems, group systems, irregular shelter wood systems, strip system, wedge system and

selection system.

Regeneration, Nursery operation & establishment technology

Natural and artificial regeneration: seed collection, processing and storage; pre sowing treatments, germination and nursery

operation, raising of polybag & bare rooted seedling. vegetative propagation: artificial seed production & micropropagation,

plantation & establishment of sapling, tending operation and protection of planting stocks.

Forest management in Bangladesh

Silvicultural management in forestland Agroforestry with particular reference to hill forest, mangrove forest, sal forest and

homestead forest.

Forest Mensuration

Measurement of trees and forests.

References

Mayhew, J and A.C. Newton. 1998. The Silviculure of Mahogony. CABI Pbulishing.

Srivastava, M.B. 1997. Introduction to Forestry. Vikas Publ. House, Bangalore, India.

Philip, M.S. 1994. Measuring Trees and Forests. 2nd Edition. CABI Publishing.

Dwivedi, A.P. 1992. Agroforestry : Principles and Practices. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co.

Matthew. J.k. C.L. Bruce and D.O. Chaduick. 1992. The Ecology and Silviculture of Mixed-species Forests. Kluwer Academic

Publishers.

Savill. P.S. 1991. The Silviculture of Trees used in British Forestry. CABI Publishing.

Zabala, N.O. 1991. Silvicultural Systems. IFCU, Chittagong and FAO, Rome, Italy.

Zabala, N.O. 1990. Principles and Practice of Silviculture. IFCU. Chittagong and FAO. Rome, Italy.

Shepherd, K.R. 1986. Plantation Silviculture. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Duryea. M. L. and T.D. Landis. 1984. Forestry Nursery Manual: Production of Bareroot Seedling. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Prakash, R. and L.S. Khanna. 1983. Theory and Practice of Silvicultural Systems. International Book Distributions. Dehra Dun.

India.

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Course No. AGROF 511 Course Title: Medicinal Plants and Non-Wood Products

Credit hours: 2

Introduction to common medicinal plants, their role in herbal medical science.

Morpho physiological characteristics, propagation and growth of medicinal plants commonly found in Bangladesh.

General introduction on useful parts of selected medicinal plants used in treating common diseases.

Selection and improvement of medicinal plants regarding its medicinal value.

Accommodation, production and conservation of medicinal plants in different Agroforestry system.

Medicinal plants in the development of herbal industry.

Non-wood products in Agroforestry

Cases, bamboos, grasses, fibers, orchids & mushrooms, flowers, fruits & juices, drugs & spices, cutches, dyes & oils, gums &

resins etc.

References

Alam M. K; F. U. Ahmed and S.M.R. Amin (eds.) 1997. Agroforestry: Bangladesh perspective, APAN, NAWG and BARC.

Jha, L. K. 1995. Advance in Agroforestry. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.

Wagner, H and N.R. Famsworth (eds.). 1994. Economic and Medicinal plant Research. Academic Press Limited. U.K.

Ayensu, E.S. 1985. The Healing Plants. Unasylva.

Daster, J.F. 1977. Medicinal Plants of India and Pakistan. D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co Pvt. Ltd, India.

Baquar. S. R. and M. Tasnif. Medicinal Plants of Southern West Pakistan. Central. Laboratories, Pakistan Council of Scientific

and Industrial Research Karachi, Pakistan.

Ahluwalia. K. S. 1962. British Pharmaceuticals Codex Plants and Their Indian Substitutes. Inistry of Health. Govt. of India.

Blatter, E. J. F. Caius and K. S. Mhaskar. India Medicinal Plants. Periodical Experts, D-42. Vivek Vihar. New Delhi.

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Course No. AGROF 512 Course Title: Soil Productivity and Conservation in Agroforestry

Credit hours: 2

Introduction

Role of Agroforestry in soil conservation and sustainability.

Agroforestry practices for soil erosion control.

Agroforestry for maintenance of soil fertility and productivity

Soil fertility and degradation effect of trees on soil, trees and shrubs for soil improvement, Agroforestry practices for soil fertility,

nutrient recycling in Agroforestry system.

Agroforestry for soil conservation

ypothesis for soil-agroforestry research related to soil conservation, management of upland soils of Bangladesh.

References

Young, A. 2000. Agroforestry for Soil Management 2nd Edition. CABI Publishing.

Singh P. P.; P. S. Pathok and M. M. Rov, 1999. Agroforestry for Sustainable land use. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.

Young, A. 1989. Agroforestry for Soil Conservation. CABI Publishing and ICRAF, Nairobi.

Lal, R. (ed.) 1988. Soil erosion Research Methods. Soil and Water conservation Society of North America. Ankeny, IOWA.

USA.

Moldenhauer. W.C. and N. W. Hudson (eds.).1988. Conservation Farming on steep lands, soil and Water conservation Society

of North America, Ankeny, IOWA.

Greenland, D.J. and R. Lal (eds.) 1977. Soil Conservation and Management in the humid tropics. Wiley, Chiehester, UK.

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Course Title: Pest Management in Agroforestry Credit hours: 2

Introduction

Concept and scope of pest management in Agroforestry, importance of insects and diseases in Agroforestry.

Common insects and diseases occurring on important Agroforest species.

Methods of pest management

Cultural, chemical, biological and IPM technologies related to Agroforestry and other forestry systems.

Biology, nature, extent of damage and control of the major insects and diseases of important Agroforestry species.

References Speight. M. R. and F. R. Wylie. 2000. Insects Pests in Tropical Forestry. CABL Publishing.

Rayehaudhuri S. P. 1999. Forest Trees and Palms-Diseases and control. Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Jha. L. K. 1995. Advance in Agroforestry. APH Publishing Corporation. New Delhi.

Browne. F. G. 1968. Pests and Deseases of Forest Plantation Trees. Clarendon Press Oxford.

Findley. W. P. K. 1967. Timber pests and diseases. Pragman Press.

Graham, S.A. and F.D. Knight. 1965. Principles of Forest Entomology. McGraw Hill Book Co.

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Course Title: Wood Quality & Wood Technology Credit hours: 2

Introduction

Concept of soft wood and hard wood, their types, classification and uses.

Wood structures and wood textures

Structural nature of woody plants, sap wood and heart wood at early and later stages of maturity, wood depots, textural

qualities with ageing of the trees, technical properties & timber defects, industrial uses of woods.

Tree abnormalities and Wound healing

Causes of abnormal tree growth and their remedies; non-parasitic injuries, lightening & electric injuries; gas, fire, smoke and

soot injuries, girdling and other mechanical injuries, their remedies through management practices, grafting, wound treatments,

cavity treatments, bracling and cabling.

Harvesting, seasoning and preservation of woods

Tree felling and conversion of woods, wood transporting and processing, different methods of seasoning, preservation and

storing system.

References

Shrivastava. M. B. 1997. Introduction to Forestry. Vikas Publ. House, New Delhi.

Negi. S. S.1986. A Hand Book of Forestry. International Book Distribution. Dehra Dun. India.

Hartman. H. T. and D. E. Kaster. 1978. Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. Prentice Hall. New Delhi.

Pirone. P. P. 1978. Tree Maintenance. Oxford Univ, Press. New York.

Esau, K. 1965. Plant Anatomy. John Wiley. New York.

Fahn, A.1967. Plant Anatomy. Pergaman Press. Oxford.

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Course Title: Land-use Planning in Agroforestry Credit hours: 2

Land and land-use

Ownership use and characteristics of land, combined use as a land management policy, the multiple problem of multiple uses,

land & tree tenure.

Planning & development of land-use systems in Agroforestry

Existing land-use system in Agroforestry, planning and development of wasteland, fallow land, roadsides, riversides &

degraded land, desert land, saline & coastal areas, dry & rocky areas, marshy lands following Agroforest technologies.

Windbreaks and shelterbelts

Designing of windbreaks and shelterbelts, coastal windbreaks and shelterbelts, wind erosion control and shifting sand dunes,

control of ravages of wind in farms, houses, roads &other constructions, increase yield of agricultural & pasturelands.

Agroforestry in institutional premises

Land-use system in the institutions today, future planning and development of institutional models for aesthetic & production

purposes.

D & D and other appraisal tools for agroforestry systems and land-use planning

Prediagnostic & Diagnostic steps, technology design and redesigning of models and their implementations in different farm

categories and other places.

References

Singh, P.; P. P. S. Pathok and M. M. Roy. (eds.) 1999. Agroforestry for Sustainable Land use. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.

Alam, M. K.; F. U. Ahmed and S.M.R. Amin (eds). 1997. Agroforestry: Bangladesh perspective. APAN. NAWG and BARC.

ICRAF, 1990. Agroforestry Research for Development. ICRAF, Nairobi.

Raintree. J.B. (ed.) 1986. D & D users manual: an introduction to Agroforestry Diagnosis and Desigb. ICRAF, Nairobi.

Davidson. D.A. 1982. Soil and Land use Planning. Second Edition, Longman Press, London, U.K.

Davis, P. 1976. Land Use. Megraw Hill Book Company, New Delhi, India.

FAO, 1988. Land resources Appraisal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development. UNDP/FAO Project BGD/81/035.Technical

Reports.FAO. Rome.

FAO. 1988. Land Resources Appraisal of Bangladesh for Agricultural Development. UNDP/FAO Project BGD/81/035.

Technical Reports, FAO, Rome.

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Course Title: Environmental Protection in Agroforestry Credit hours: 2

Introduction

Concepts, principles and objectives of environmental conservation and management.

Nature and major component of environment: physical, chemical, biological and meteorological environment.

Environmental issues, Deforestation & desertification, CO2 and other green house gas emission, global worming, sea

level rise, ozone layer depletion, acid rain etc.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Principles and methods of EIA, ELA guides prescribed by FAO, EIA on natural and plantation forests.

Environmental policies

National Environmental Policy 1992, National conservation strategy 1992, National environmental management Action Plan

(NEMAP) 1995.

Environmental protection and biodiversity management through Agroforestry.

References

Innes I. L. and H. A Hasan (eds.). 2000. Air Pollution and the Forests of Developing and Rapidly Industrializing Countries. CABI

Publishing.

Angelsen A and D. Kaimowitz. 1999. Agricultural Technologies and Tropical Deforestation. CABI Publishing.

Miller G. T. 1999. Environmental Science. Longman Group Ltd. England.

Timothy O’ Riordan. 1995. Environmental Science for Environmental Management. Longman Group LTD. England.

Trivedi R. N. 1993. A Text Book of Environmental Sciences. Anmol Publishing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

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Course Title: Watershed Management Credit hours: 2

Introduction Concepts, Principles and objectives of watershed management; Importance of watershed management in Bangladesh.

Hydrologic Cycle Basic hydrologic processes-precipitation, interception, surface runoff, infiltration, percolation, groundwater, etc; Forests in the hydrologic cycle.

Soil Erosion Geologic and accelerated erosion, types and causes of soil erosion; Agents of soil erosion by water and wind; Estimating rate of erosion; Universal soil loss equation and its validity.

Soil Conservation Techniques Soil conservation measures-agronomic, integrated farming system, soil management and structural; Role of silvicultural operations in soil conservation; Effects and control measures of shifting cultivation.

Forest in Watershed, Management Effects of land use and land capability on watersheds; Impacts of forests on the hydrological aspects of watersheds i.e. rainfall, stream flow, sediment, flood, etc, Forestry practices affecting water quantity, quality and the water balance.

Planning for Watershed Management Need for planning and procedure of watershed management; Data requirements for integrated plan and economic analysis; Preparation of watershed workplan.

Integrated Watershed Management Watershed classification, organization and institutional coordination for watershed management; Background, strategy, conceptual framework for integrated watershed management; Participatory processes in integrated watershed management.

References

Khan, L.R. 1991. Watershed Management. Field Document No. 44, UNDP/FAO-BGD/85/011, Inst.of Forestry, Chittagong University, Bangladesh, 307 pp.

Hewlett, J.D. 1982. Principles of Forest Hydrology. The Univ. of Georgia Press, Athens.

Jha, L.K. 1995. Advances in Agroforestry. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi, India.

FAO, 1976. Soil Conservation for developing countries. Soils Bull No. 30, Rome.

FAO, 1986, Watershed management in Asia and the Pacific: Needs and opportunities for action. FAO: RAS/85/017, Tech. Report, Rome.

Lazell, D. 1982. Soil conservation needs in Bangladesh. FAO, Rome.

Panday, k. and L Wenhua, 1987, Watershed management experience in the Hindukush-Himalayan Region. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal and Commissions for Integrated Survey of Natural Resource, Chinese Academy of Sc, Beijing, China.

UNDP/FAO, 1990. Proc. of the policy workshop on the role of watershed management in integrated rural development and

water resources planning. 19-22 June, Kathmandu, Nepal.

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Master of Science (MS) in Environmental Science Course Layout

1. Total credits : 42 2. MS course duration : 18 months consists of 3 Semesters, each of 6 months duration (there will be 18 working weeks in each

semester covering instructions, assignments, seminar and examinations in Semester-I and Semester-II and the Semester-III i.e., Research semester will be of 6 months duration).

3. Compulsory courses : 9 compulsory courses from own department of total 18 credits (2 credits x 9 courses =18 credits). 4. Elective courses : 4 elective courses from own and/or other departments of total 8 credits (2 credits x 4 courses=8 credits). 5. Research & Thesis : 16 credits Courses and credits in different semesters

Semester-I (July–December) Semester-II (January– June) Semester-III (July-December)

A. Compulsory course A. Compulsory course Thesis Semester

Course No.



Course title Cr.

ENVS 501

Fundamentals of Environmental Science

2 ENVS 505

Air-Water Pollution and Protection

2 ENVS 510

Continuation of research & thesis writing

4 (S/U)

ENVS 502

Advanced Climatology 2 ENVS 506

Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming

2 ENVS 511

Thesis evaluation

5

ENVS 503

Land Degradation and Management

2 ENVS 507

Disaster Management

2 ENVS 512

Thesis defense 3

ENVS 504

Natural Resource Management

2 ENVS 508

Agro-Chemical Pollution and Management

2

ENVS 509

Research Methodology and Scientific Writing

2




ENVS 513

Population and Environment

2 ENVS 518

Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulation

2

ENVS 514

Advanced Ecology 2 ENVS 519

Organic Waste Management

2

ENVS 515

Management of Urban Environment

2 ENVS 520

Boundary Layer Climate

2

ENVS 516

Biodiversity and Conservation

2 ENVS 521

Environmental Toxicology 2

ENVS 517

Micrometeorology and Data Processing

2 ENVS 522

Heavy Metal Pollution 2


C. Research & Thesis C. Research & Thesis

ENVS 510


2 (S/U)

ENVS 510


2 (S/U)

Total credits 14 Total credits 16 Total credits 12

Grand Total Credits = 42

S/U = Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory

Course evaluation system

Sl. No. Topic Marks (%) Comment

1 Assignments 20

2 Class Test 2x20 marks 40

3 Final examination 40

Total 100

*If a student fails to complete his/her MS within 3 normal semesters from the enrollment, additional 2 semesters will be allowed to complete the degree, otherwise his/her enrollment will be cancelled. **Semester –III will be research semester whenever the student enrolls as MS student.

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Syllabus for M S in Environmental Science Course No. ENVS 501

Course Title: Fundamentals of Environmental Science Credit hours: 2

Introduction Concepts of environment and environmental pollution, environmental issues, human impact related issues and related social and managerial issues. Environmental science and its application. Environmental problems Cause, effect and management. Ecosystem

Concepts, matter and energy laws and environmental crisis, limiting factors in ecosystems, humans and ecosystems.

Urban land use

Urbanization and urban growth, urban environment – benefit and stresses.

Agriculture and environment

Sustainable agriculture, environment in relation to soil, water, crop production, livestock and fisheries. Dry and wet land

management.

Hazardous wastes

Concepts, types and disposal.

Economics and environment

The importance of environmental economics, use of desirable resources, risk-benefit analysis, environmental intangibles, policy

instruments, economics and pollution control, cost of environmental improvement

Politics and environment

Politics and social change, environmental law.

Environmental ethics and hopes

Hope, environmental ethics, level of environmental awareness.

References

Botkin, D. B. and Keller, E. A. 2000. Environmental Science – Earth as a Living Planet. Third Edition. John & Wiley Sons, Inc. New

York.

Cunningham, W.P., Cunningham, M.A. and Saigo, B.W. 2003. Environmental Science--A Global Concern. Seventh Edition. The

McGrew-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, USA.

Chiras, D. D. 1985. Environmental Science – A Framework for Decision Making. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.

Miller, Jr., G. T. 2001. Living in the Environment – An Introduction to Environmental Science. Eighth Edition. Wadsworth Publishing

Company.

Nebel, B. J. 1987. Environmental Science – The Way the World Works. Second Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc.

ReVelle, P. and Revelle, C. 1981. The Environment – Issues and Choices for Society. Willard Grant Press, New York.

18



Course Title: Advanced Climatology Credit hours: 2

Climate and the atmosphere

The scope of climatology, nature of the atmosphere, origin of the atmosphere, composition of the atmosphere, vertical division of the

atmosphere.

Heat and temperature

The radiation budget, variability of insolation, world distribution of insolation; air temperature, horizontal temperature distribution,

vertical distribution of temperature.

Climate, vegetation and soils

Climatic variations with latitudes, influence of climate on world distribution of vegetation, forests and grasslands; climate of desert

and tundra; climate as a factor in soil formation.

Climate and water resources

Water use, water conservation, sustainability and water management, water budget at the earth’s surface, evapotranspiration, soil

moisture and ground water.

Climate and agriculture

Climatic factors in relation to flora and fauna; phenology, the moisture factor, drought; climate and forestry, forest-fire-weather.

Climatic factor in animal husbandry.

Climate and human comfort

Heat budget of the body, cooling power, clothing and climate, weather and health, sunshine and health, air pollution and health,

climate and disease.

Climate change

Recent climatic trends, climatic cycles, theories of climatic change, forecasting climate.

References

Adrens, C. D. 1982. Meteorology Today – An Introduction to Weather, Climate and the Environment. West Publishing CO., St Paul,

Minnensota 55165.

Critchfield, H. J. 1979. General Climatology. Third Edition. Prentice-Hall of India, Private Limited, New Delhi.

Jackson, I.J. 1982. Climate, Water and Agriculture in Tropics, Longman, London.

Mather, J.R. 1974. Climatology: Fundamentals and Application. MacGraw-Hill Book Company. New York.

Rosenberg, N. J. , Blad, B. L. and Verma, S. B. 1983. Microclimate - The Biological Environment. John Wiley & Sons. New York.

19


Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science Syllabus for M S in Environmental Science

Course No. ENVS 503 Course Title: Land Degradation and Management

Credit hours: 2 Land and Civilization

Babylon, Egypt, China, Mesoamerica, Greek, Roman and modern industrial civilizations.

Land degradation

Concepts of soil degradation, land degradation, and desertification; process – water and wind erosion. Human-induced soil

degradation – causes, rate and extent, impacts, evaluation, models; case study in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Srilanka and

Thailand.

Soil pollution

Concept of soil pollution, difference between soil pollution and soil contamination, soil pollution and land degradation - causes,

classification, types, impacts on agriculture and environment, models; pollution of Bangladesh soils.

Soil conservation

Soil conservation – names, techniques, effects on soils, crops and environment; WOCAT conservation approaches, conservation

case studies in China, Thailand, India; law and policy for sustainable land use and management; conservation and management of

Bangladesh soils including coastal soils.

References

Bridges, M., Hannam, I. D., Oldenman, L. R., deVries, F. W. T. P., Scherr, S. J. and Sombatpanit, S. 2001. Response to Land

Degradation (edited), Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Johnson, D. L. and Lewis, L. A. 1995. Land Degradation-Creation and Destruction. Oxford, Blackwell.

Stegmann, R., Brunner, G., Calmano, W. and Matz, G. 2001. Treatment of Contaminated Soils, Fundamentals, analysis,

Applications. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Vreitas, V. H. De. 2002. Soil Management and Conservation for Small Farmers. FAO Pub. Rome.

20



Course No. ENVS 504 Course Title: Natural Resource Management

Credit hours: 2 Introduction

Natural resource conservation and management: past, present and future - quality of human life on planet earth, a brief history of

resource conservation, environmental and sustainability movements, classification of natural resources, approaches to natural

resource management. Basic reasons of the depletion of natural resources and their conservation.

Soil resources

Value of soil, characteristics of soil, nature of soil erosion, dust bowl, shelterbelt program, soil erosion - factors affecting the rate of

soil erosion by water and its control, alternative agriculture, sustainable agriculture, soil conservation, soil factors affecting the

distribution of flora and fauna.

Water resources

Importance and properties of water, worldwide supply, water supply problems, building dams and water diversion projects, ground

water use, water conservation.

Managing water resources

The water cycle, flooding – problems and solutions, water shortage – issues and solutions, irrigation – issues and solution.

Food resources

Food supply, population growth, and world food problems, human nutrition, world agricultural systems, fish and fish farming;

increasing crop yield.

Plants and wildlife resources

History of plant and animal extinction, saving endangered species – integrated species management, legal solutions.

Mineral resources

Abundance and formation of mineral resources, location, mining, and processing of mineral resources, population, technology and

resources. Key resources: The world situation.

Energy resources

Types of energy resources, brief history of energy resources, fossil fuel. Energy concepts: Energy quality, energy efficiency, and net

useful energy; non-renewable resources - valuating energy resources, conventional and unconventional oil, conventional and

unconventional natural gas, coal; renewable resources- direct solar energy for producing heat and electricity, indirect solar energy

from falling water and ocean waves, indirect solar energy from thermal gradients in oceans and solar ponds, indirect solar energy

from wind, indirect solar energy from biomass.

References

Chiras, D. D. 1985. Environmental Science. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.

Greenwood, N. J. and Edwards, J. M. B. 1979. Human Environments and Natural Systems. Duxbury Press (Wadsworth Publishing

Company, Inc.).

Kaufman, P. B. and LaCroix, J. D.1979. Plants, People & Environment. Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.

Shukla, R. S. and Chandel, P. S. 1985. Plant Ecology. S.Chand & Company. Ram Nagar, New Delhi.

Miller, Jr., G. T. 2001. Living in the Environment – An Introduction to Environmental Science. Eighth Edition. Wadsworth Publishing

Company.

ReVelle, P. and Revelle, C. 1981. The Environment – Issues and Choices for Society. Willard Grant Press.

Owen, O. S., Chiras, D. D. and Reganold, J. P. 1998. Natural Resource Conservation – Management for a Sustainable Future.

Seventh Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey 07458

21



Course Title: Air-Water Pollution and Protection Credit hours: 2

Air pollution

Introduction, sensations, gases and smoke. The atmosphere, sources of air pollution - natural and anthropogenic, meteorology of air

pollution, effects of air pollution on the atmosphere, climate, on human health, damage to vegetation, and injury to animals.

Deterioration of materials, aesthetic insults, air pollution standards and indices. Urban areas and air pollution. Control of air pollution

- legislation, public policy, and strategies in air pollution control, cost of air pollution.

Indoor air pollution

Sources of indoor air pollution, effects on human health, control of indoor air pollution.

Air environment in the work place and the community

Encounters with contaminated and polluted air, toxic gases, vapours, dusts, and fumes producing occupational diseases.

Community air, air movement and air pollutant transport, changes and development, appraisal.

Water pollution

Nature of water pollution, pollutants in water cycle, types of impurities in water, nutrients, microorganisms, and oxygen. Pollution of

inland waters by nutrients, algae and detergents. Effects of water on human health, water purification, economics, social choices,

and strategy in water pollution control. Agricultural impacts on water quality, pollution due to eutrophication. Water pollution control

and environmental law.

Disposal of excreta and wastewater

The need, dilution and pollution, sewage treatment, industrial wastes in water, wastewater treatments, water treatment for domestic

use, disposal of human excreta without sewers, possible changes and developments in managing human excreta, an appraisal of

water management of human excreta and wastewaters.

References


York.

Chiras, D. D. 1985. Environmental Science. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, INC.

Cunningham, W.P., Cunningham, M.A. and Saigo, B.W. 2003. Environmental Science--A Global Concern. Seventh Edition. The

McGrew-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, USA.

Nebel, B. J. 1987. Environmental Science – The Way the World Works. Second Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc.

Owen, O. S., Chiras, D. D. and Reganold, J. P. 1998. Natural Resource Conservation Management for a Sustainable Future.

Seventh Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey 07458.

Shukla, R. S. and Chandel, P. S. 1985. Plant Ecology. S.Chand & Company LTD. Ram Nagar, New Delhi.

Slanina, S. 1997. Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances. Springer.

22



Course No. ENVS 506 Course Title: Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming

Credit hours: 2

Introduction to greenhouse gases

Properties, past and present concentrations, and sources of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O),

chlorofluorocarbons (CFxClx), carbon monoxide (CO), tropospheric ozone (O3), anthropogenic gases, & water vapour; greenhouse

gas emissions from power stations; possible ways of reducing emissions of major greenhouse gases.

Capture and storage of CO2

Introduction; power generation, CO2 capture, CO2 storage & utilization, deep saline reservoirs, ocean storage of CO2, assessing the

global impact, enhancing natural sinks, decarbonization of fossil fuels.

Gas exchanges between ecosystems & atmosphere

Carbon dioxide - diurnal, seasonal, and annual trends of CO2 over crop field, forest, grassland and over tundra vegetation. Methane

emissions and mitigation in rice field, mechanisms of methane transport through rice plants, CH4 production in ruminants, CH4

emission from waste disposal facilities, factors controlling CH4 emissions, impact on global warming. Nitrous oxides - importance,

sources- industrial facilities and arable land, limiting N2O emission in fertilized soils, estimated global source distribution of nitrous

oxide, N2O emission from industrial facilities, impact on global warming.

Global warming

The earth’s atmosphere, global warming, the global warming controversy, potential effects of global warming, adjustments to

potential global warming.

Depletion of ozone layer

Ozone, ozone depletion and CFC, the Antarctic ozone hole, tropical and mid-latitude ozone depletion, the future of ozone depletion.

Greenhouse effect

Concept, mechanism, role of chemical screen, climate change, adverse effect, remedies.

Measurements of gas fluxes

Instrumentation, chamber techniques, aerodynamic methods and eddy covariance technique.

References


York.

Minami, K., Mosier, A. and Sass, R. 1994. CH4 and N2O – Global Emissions and Controls from Rice Fields and Other Agricultural

and Industrial Sources (Edited). NIAES Series 2.Yokendo Publishers, Tokyo.

Rosenberg, J. R., Blad, B. L. and Shashi, B. V. 1983. Microclimate – The Biological Environment. John Wiley & Sons.

Slanina, S. 1997. Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances. Springer.

23



Course Title: Disaster Management Credit hours: 2

Disaster

Concept, classification and importance of disaster management.

Disaster preparedness planning

General principles, contingency plans, rehabilitation programme procedures, remedial measures.

Rainfall and drought

Causes and hazards of severe rainfall and drought and their management.

River erosion

Concept, major eroding rivers, river characteristics in Bangladesh, river erosion, hazards, management.

Flood

Concept, history of hazards, causes, hazards and management – preventive, precautionary, rehabilitation and relief measures.

Cyclone

Concept of cyclone, tornadoes, and storms, cyclone characteristics in Bangladesh, November 1970 cyclone disaster in Bangladesh

– causes, hazards and management.

Earthquake

Concept, causes, hazards and management.

Other natural disasters

Bush fire, thunderstorm, hailstorm, kalbaishakhi, acid rain - concept, causes, hazards, and management.

Regulations

Disaster management regulations in Bangladesh.

References

Brammer, H. 1999. Agricultural Disaster Management in Bangladesh. The Univ. Press, Dhaka.

Rahman, A. A., Haidor, R., Haq, S. and Jansen, E. G. 1994. Environmental and Development in Bangladesh (Edited). Univ. Press

Ltd, Dhaka. Vol. 1.

Sattar, A. 1984. Ecological Checks and Spatial Population Dynamics in Bangladesh. Dept. of Geography. Helsinki Univ. Finland.

24



Course No. ENVS 508 Course Title: Agrochemical Pollution and Management

Credit hours: 2 Agro chemical

Importance, types, uses, effects and management.

Pesticides

History, importance, classification, growth and world and Bangladesh requirements of pesticide; routes and models, effects, toxicity

and hazards, pollution, persistence, residues, resistance, effect on microorganisms. Pesticide situations in Bangladesh, safe

handling and management of pesticides; pesticide regulations and registration.

Fertilizers

Effects on soils, crops and environment. Toxicity and hazards models. Organic matter and other nutrient depletions in soils and their

management.

Pesticides- fertilizer interactions

Soils, crop, water and other environments.

Radio-active materials

Sources, hazards and management.

References

Herris, E. 1999. Pesticides, Pollutants, Fertilizers and Trees. Research Studies Press, Baldock.

Kuhr, R. J. and Motoyama, N. 1998. Pesticides and the Future (Edited). IOS Press, Amsterdam.

Sattar, M. A. 1983. Pesticide Use and Solutions of Pesticide Tragedy in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Pesticide Sc. Research Series,

Report No. 1.

Sattar, M. A. 1984. Introduction to Pesticides. Bangladesh Pesticide Sci. Research Series, Report No. 4.

Sattar, M. A. 1984, Routes of Pesticides in the Environment. Bangladesh Pesticide Sci. Research Series, Report No. 5.

Somerville, L. and Greaves. M. P. 1987. Pesticide Effects on Soil Microflora. Taylor & Francis, London.

25



Course No. ENVS 509 Course Title: Research Methodology and Scientific Writing

Credit hours:2

Developing Research Concept

Concept of research, development of hypothesis, collection of facts for testing hypothesis through experimentation.

Implementation of Research in Environmental Science in Bangladesh

Gradual development of research in Environmental Science in Bangladesh, its present status and future strategies.

Steps in Experimentation

Identification of research problems, prioritization of problem, experimentation for testing hypothesis experimental designs

determination of treatments and fixation of replications for simple and factorial experiments, factors determining selection of

experimental design, experimental layout, shape and size of plots, procedure of carrying out field and laboratory experiments.

Collection and Analyses of Data

Collection, tabulation and analysis of data, interpretation of results in light of the hypothesis.

Reporting Results

Principle and procedures of writing Scientific Reports/Thesis/Dissertation.

References Cochran W G and Cox G M. 1961. Experimental Design. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, London, Sydney. Gomez K A and Gomez A A. 1984. Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Research. John Wiley and Sons .Inc. New York. Singapore. Steel R G D and Torrie J H. 1960. Principles and Practices of Statistics. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc, New York. Zaman S M H, Rahim K and Howlader M. 1982. Simple Lessons from Biometry. The Art press & Bangla Bazaar, Dhaka.

26



Course Title: Population and Environment Credit hours: 2

Population dynamics

Factors affecting population change, birth and death rates, migration, demography transition model for developed and developing

nations, Bangladesh models. Environmental issue: How many people can earth support?

Population and environmental sources

Impacts on agriculture, water, forest losses, atmosphere and climate, energy and species extinction.

Population and biogeochemical cycles

Role of population on hydrogen, carbon, sulphur, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles.

Man-made environmental pollution

Man-works, man-gathering and burning works.

Population and deforestation

Deforestation concepts, causes, and effects on human life and environment, afforestation.

Population and social environment

Impact on social environment.

Population policy and planning

Policy implications of population growth and density, migration, urbanization, agricultural innovations, and technology transfer,

directions for the future, strategies and options. Family planning, involvement of population in environmental development and

management, role of government, NGOs and donor agencies on human resource development, comparative study of population

utilization of Bangladesh with India and China.

References


York.

Bhatt, H. P. and Bhatt, S. 1992. Environment Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (Edited), Galgotia Pub. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Rahman, A. A. Haidor, R., Haq, S., and Jansen, E.G. 1994. Environment and Development in Bangladesh. Univ. Press Ltd., Vol. 1.

ReVelle, P. and Revelle, C. 1981. The Environment – Issues and Choices for Society. Willard Grant Press, New York.

Southwick, C. H. 1985. Global Ecology (Edited), National Geographic Society, USA.

27



Course Title: Advanced Ecology Credit hours: 2

Introduction

Ecological concept, their application in the assessment, conservation and management of ecological systems, relation to other

sciences and relevance to human civilizations. Ecosystems and natural balance of biota.

Biogeochemical cycles

Introduction, chemical elements cycling – biological, geological, atmospheric and hydrological questions. Biogeochemical cycles and

life, general aspects of chemical cycles. Chemical cycling and the balance of nature, some major global chemical cycles.

Ecosystems respond to disturbance

Restoration of damaged lands, patterns of interaction – facilitation, interference, tolerance; some classic cases of ecological

succession and their influence on local and global environment.

Terrestrial ecology

Human ecology - concept, human and environment, humans and ecosystems, impacts of overpopulation on environment, human

population and the earth’s carrying capacity. Animal ecology - concept, animals and environment, animals and ecosystems. Plant

ecology - plants and environment, distribution of major biomes and their influence on regional and global environment.

Freshwater ecology

Concept, fresh water environment, freshwater biota (Flora & fauna), causes of environmental imbalance and solution.

Resource ecology

Conservation of natural resources, mineral resources, agriculture and forestry, wildlife management, aquaculture, range

management, desalination and weather modification, land use. Concept of ecovillage and ecopark.

Remote sensing for study and management of ecosystems

Concept, physical basis for remote sensing and GIS, process of information extraction, role of remote sensing in ecological and

environmental research.

References


York.

Deshmukh, I. 1986. Ecology and Tropical Biology. Blackwell, Oxford.

Dimond, J. and Case, T.J. 1980. Community Ecology. (Edited). Harper & Row, New York.

Harper, J.L. 1977. Population Biology of Plants. Acad. Press, New York.

Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. Saunders, Philadel.

Turk, A.; Turk, J.; Wittes, J. T. and Wittes, R. E.1978. Environmental Science. Second Edition. W. B. Saunders Company.

28



Course Title: Management of Urban Environment Credit hours 2

Introduction

Concept of urban environment, components of urban environment, growth and impact on urbanization on modern life.

Urban environments

City life, the city as a system, site and location – cities and the fall line, a brief history of city planning. The city as an environment

and city design – design with nature; bringing nature to the city. City environmental issue.

Management of urban pollution

Air, soil and water pollution - causes, effects, routes, health hazards; sound pollution; case study of high ways linking Narita-Tokyo.

Management of infrastructure

Urban planning – roads, buildings, playground, park, lakes and water bodies, greens.

Degradation of urban environment

Causes, effects and protection.

Urban wastes

urban waste disposal, industrial wastes disposal, management of other contaminants.

Tourism

Facilities, information and impacts.

Urban squatters and slums

Concept, physical characteristics, social characteristics legal characteristics, development process of a squatter settlement, future

role of squatter settlements in urban housing. Environmental issue: Rehabilitation of people lives in slums of Dhaka city.

References

Ahmed, M. F. , Tanveer, S. A. and Badruzzaman, A. B. M. 2002. Bangladesh Environment. Bangladesh Paribesh Andolon, Vol. 1-2,

1170.


York.

Payne, G. K. 1977. Urban Housing in the Third World. London: Leonard Hill.

29



Course Title: Biodiversity and Conservation Credit hours 2

Introduction

Concepts and classification of biodiversity – genetic, plant, animal and microbial diversity; species, taxa, biological evolution.

Environmental factors influencing diversity, loss of biodiversity, causes of loss of biodiversity in modern time. Environmental issues

related to biodiversity.

Depletion of biodiversity

IUCN Red List Categories of biological resources, status of rare and endangered species, causes and trends in species extinction,

threats from the loss of species, trades in endangered species, CITES lists of rare and endangered plants and animals.

Conservation of biodiversity

Biodiversity conservation and preservation, factors contributing to sustainable use of wild resources, principles of sustainable use,

adaptive management, human factors, wild harvests.

Biodiversity indicators

Indicators of wild species and genetic diversity, community diversity and domesticated species diversity, use of biodiversity indicator

for conservation training and policy framing, global biodiversity conservation strategies.

Global Biodiversity conservation strategies

Conservation strategies, policy and mandates of major international biodiversity, conservation bodies (IPGRI, FAO, UNEP, CBD and

IUCN), legal frameworks and trade regulations of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna

and Flora).

National biodiversity Conservation strategies

Strengthening strategies and action plans for conserving species and species groups, developing monitoring and early warning

systems for loss of genetic resources, constructing comprehensive information system on biodiversity, networking and promoting

awareness on the value of biological resources and use. Status of conservation activities of Bangladesh.

Intellectual property rights and biodiversity prospecting

Intellectual property and public policy, trade secrets and trade marks, utility patents, breeder’s rights, copyright, intellectual property

management, Sui generis biodiversity prospecting rights, equity and indigenous rights.

Collection and management

Genetic resources, exploration, collection, documentation and evaluation.

References

Arora, R. K. and Rao, V. R. (edited). 1995. Proceedings of the South Asia National Coordinators Meeting on Plant Genetics

Resources. 10-12 January, 1995. BARC, Dhaka.

Baily R. 1995. The True State of The Planet. The Free Press. New York.


York.

Chowdhury, Q. I. 2001. Bangladesh State of Biodiversity (Edited). Forum of Environmental Journalists of Bangladesh (FEJB),

Dhaka.

Glowka, L. and others. 1994. A Guide to the Convention on Biological Diversity. IUCN, Switzerland.

Owen, O. S., Chiras, D. D. and Reganold, J. P. 1998. Natural Resource Conservation – Management for a Sustainable Future.

Seventh Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey 07458.

Shukla, R. S. and Chandel, P. S. 1985. Plant Ecology. S.Chand & Company Ltd. Ram Nagar, New Delhi.

30



Course Title: Micrometeorology and Data Processing Credit hours 2

Introduction

Scope of micrometeorology, micrometeorology versus microclimatology, Importance and applications of micrometeorology.

Energy budget near the surface

Energy fluxes at an ideal surface, Energy balance equations, some examples of energy budget.

Radiation balance near the surface

Radiation laws and definitions, shortwave and longwave radiations, radiation balance near the surface, radiative flux divergence.

Soil temperatures and heat transfer

Surface and subsurface temperatures, theory of soil heat transfer.

Air temperature and humidity in the PBL

Factors influencing air temperature and humidity, basic thermodynamic relations and definitions, static stability, mixed layers and

inversions, vertical temperature and humidity profiles, diurnal variations.

Wind distribution in the PBL

Factors influencing wind distribution. geostrophic and thermal winds, effects of friction, the effect of stability, observed wind profiles,

diurnal variation.

Micrometeorology on crops & grasslands

Introduction, microclimate - physical basis, fluxes & profiles within the canopy, analysis of fluxes above the canopy, water vapour

flux, carbon dioxide flux.

Data processing

Introduction to Campbell Scientific datalogger, computer programming for data retrieving and processing. Micrometeorological

parameters - applications, problems exercises and instrumentations.

References

Arya, S. P. 2001. Introduction to Micrometeorology. Second Edition. Academic Press, Great Britain.

Chang, J.H. 1971. Climate and Agriculture. Aldine Pub. Chicago.

Jackson, I.J. 1982. Climate, Water and Agriculture in Tropics, Longman, London.

Landsberg, J. J. and Cutting, C.V.1977. Environmental Effects on Crop Physiology (Edited). Academic Press.


31



Course Title: Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulation Credit hours:2

Introduction

Significance and nature of environmental impact assessment (EIA), origin and development of EIA. Relationship between

development and environment. Relation of EIA to sustainable development.

EIA progress

Stages of EIA progress. Identification, prediction, evaluation, utilization, documentation, review, monitoring, auditing and others.

Quality of EIA

Guidelines – utility, effectiveness, quality.

Case study of EIA

Bangladesh, Thailand, China, India, UK, Netherlands, Australia, USA.

Farm environment assessment

Farm environment degradation in Bangladesh, cause and effect relationships. Environmental impact of agro-technology.

EIA regulation

Regulations in agriculture, industry, health and sanitation, energy and fuel, water development and flood control, land, forest,

wildlife, biodiversity, transport, communication, housing and urbanization, population.

Public awareness

Education, publicity through mass media.

References

Wood, C. 1997. Environmental Impact Assessment. Longman Publication.

Faroque, M. and Hassan, S. R. 1996. Laws Regulating Environment. Environ. Lawyers’ Association in Bangladesh. .

Donnelly, A. 1998. A Directory of Impact Assessment Guidelines. Second Edition. International Institute for Environmental

Development.

32



Course Title: Organic Waste Management Credit hours: 2

Organic waste

Concept, type, importance of waste management. Early concepts of wastes disposal, modern trends.

Farm waste

Crop residue, animal excreta and management.

Household waste

Kitchen waste, homestead waste and management

Sewage

Sludge treatment, biogas production and disposal.

Municipal wastes

Stabilization, biogas production and disposal.

Industrial wastes

Treatment and disposal.

Effluents

Treatments and disposal.

Radioactive wastes

Sources, impacts and disposal.

Ocean dumping

Conflict, dredge spoils, sustainability, global perspective, values, waste disposal in ocean – positive and negative aspects.

References


York.

Chanlett, E. T. 1979. Environmental Protection. Second edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Turk, A., Turk, J., Wittes, J. T. and Wittes, R. E.1978. Environmental Science. Second Edition. W. B. Saunders Company.

33



Course Title: Boundary Layer Climate Credit hours 2

Climate of simple non-vegetated surfaces

Sandy desert - energy and water balance, and climate. Snow and ice - radiation budget, energy and water balance, and climate.

Water - radiation budget, energy balance, and climate.

Climate of vegetated surfaces

Special features - energy and water storage in vegetation systems, photosynthesis and carbon dioxide exchange, effects of stand

architecture. Leaves - radiation budget, energy balance and climate. Plant covers and crops - mass balances, radiation budget,

energy balance, and climate. Orchards and forests - mass balances, radiation budget, energy balance, and climate.

Intentionally modified climates

Surface control - albedo control, geometry control, mulching control and moisture control. Frost protection - radiation control, soil

heat control, latent heat control, sensible heat control, and direct heating. Fog clearance - control of warm fog, control of super-

cooled fog, and control of ice fog. Shelter effects - wind and turbulence effects, energy and water balances and climatic effects and

applications.

References

Arya, S. P. 1988. Introduction to Micrometeorology. Academic Press, Inc.

Chang, J.H. 1971. Climate and Agriculture. Aldine Pub. Chicago.

Oke, T. R. 1987. Boundary Layer Climate, Second Edition. Routledge, University Press, Cambridge.


Seemam, J., Chirkov, Y.I., Lomas, J. and Primanlt, B. 1979. Agro-Meteorology. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.

34



Course Title: Environmental Toxicology Credit hours: 2

Metabolism of toxic substances by animals

Uptake, metabolism, synergistic and antagonistic effects.

Metabolism of toxic substances by plants

Uptake, translocation, metabolism, plants as toxicant sources.

Toxic substances released by microbes

Clostridium botulinum toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxins, mycotoxins, and algal toxins.

Toxic metals

Be, Hg, Ba, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sn, V, Zn, As, Cr, Fe, Se and their toxic effects.

Atmospheric toxicants

Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, sulpher dioxides, particulates, nitrogen oxides, fluorides.

Assessment of environmental risk

Toxicants in the soil, toxicants in natural waters, distribution of toxicants in the biosphere, monitoring environmental toxicants.

References

Chanlett, E. T. 1979. Environmental Protection. McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Duffs, J. H. 1980. Environmental Toxicology. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, London.

Raychaudhury, S. P. and Gupta, D. S. 1977. Environmental Pollution and Toxicology (Edited). Today and Tomorrow’s Publishers,

New Delhi.

35



Course Title: Heavy Metal Pollution Credit hours 2

Heavy metals

Sources, distribution in soils, crops, water, foods, vegetables; cycles, toxicity and hazards to human health.

Arsenic

Source, distribution standards, health hazards and diseases, situations in Bangladesh; arsenic contamination in soils, waters, crops

foods and vegetables in Bangladesh, models of arsenic pollution, management of arsenic problems, public awareness.

Lead

Source, distribution, standards pollution in urban environment; toxicity and health hazards; models of lead pollution in the

environment; situations in Bangladesh management of lead problems, public awareness.

Mercury

Source, distribution standards pollution toxicity and hazards cycles in the environment; terrestrial and aquatic environments;

management of mercury problems, situations in Bangladesh.

Cadmium

Source, distribution standards pollution toxicity and hazards cycles in the environment; situation in Bangladesh; management of

cadmium problems.

Nickel

Source, distribution standards; pollution; toxicity & health hazards cycles management.

Chromium

Source, distribution; standards; pollution; toxicity and hazards; cycles and management.

References

Andriano, D. C. 2001. Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments, Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability and Risks of Metals. Second

Edition. Springer-Verland, New York.

Aubert, H. and Pinta. M. 1988. Trace Element in Soils. Elsevier Sci. Pub. Company, New York.

Duffs, J. H. 1980. Environmental Toxicology. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, London.

Prasad, M. N. V. 2001. Metals in the Environment. Marcel Dekker, Basel.

Sattar, M. A. 1996. A Text Book of Environmental Science.

Selim, H. M. and Sparks, L. D. 2001. Heavy Metals Release in Soils. Lews Publishers, CRC Press, London.

Sylhet Agricultural University

Documents

Transcript of Sylhet Agricultural University