ENGLISH TASK

GROUP 1

Agesti MaboyAndreas Hercules Bapa Boleng

Bernadeta BiabiEndang E. M. KawaFrederikus Manehat

Joan MalahereOktaviana UlluRegelinda AnapahRegina Da SilvaTitorino Lakapu

Seran YetriYuan Tassi

Analyst DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHPoltekkes Kemenkes KUPANG

2013

LIST OF FIGURES

 1. Pipette Volume2. Pipette drops3. Pipette Measure4. Beaker glass / glass cup5. Erlenmeyer6. Pumpkin Measure / uku7. Measure Glasses8. Stirring Rods9. Ball Vacuum10. Porcelain saucer11. Porcelain Spoon12. Spoon Horn13. Molasses Plat14. Mortar / muller15. Watches Glasses / Glass Watches16. Krus Tang17. Burette18. Stative19. Clamp20. Tripod21. Bunsen22. Kassa Wire23. Test tube24. Tube Racks25. Staining Rack26. Glass objects27. Petri dish28. Ose / Sengkelit Needle29. Ose Round30. Tube clamp31. Blue Litmus Paper32. Red Litmus Paper

33. PH Indicator34. Paper Filter35. Whatman paper36. Durham tube37. Brush Tube38. Funnel39. Tweezers40. Triangle Porcelain41. Analytical Scales42. Rough Scales43. Lup / Magnifying Glass44. Thermometer45. Torniquet46. Room Count47. Spiute / needles48. Pipette Erythrocytes49. Pipette Leukocytes50. Blood Lancet51. Micropipette52. Blue Tip53. Yellow Tip54. White Tip55. Tube / Pipette Westergren56. Shelves Westergren57. Heparin Tube Mikrokapiler58. Non-Heparin tubes Mikrokapiler59. Hemoglobinometer60. Spygnomanometer61. Stetoscope62. Nessler tube63. Refractometer64. Urinometer65. Colony Counter66. Refrigerator67. Oven68. Water Bath69. Incubator70. Autoclave

CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

Instrumentation is one subject that is very important for the students who sat in higher education, one that students who receive education in the department of Health Analyst, this is because analysts student will not only wrestle with humans only at work but also later with a lot of equipment that can mempernudah their work will, in addition to a lot of very sophisticated equipment before using it where we have to learn how to advance their use. With the instrumentation courses to facilitate students to learn about the tools and infrastructure that can assist students in the learning process going forward.

There are some opinions expressed about the definitionof Instrumentation, but basically lead to the same sense. One definition mengemukkan that instrumentation is a technology in use Instruments (tools) to measure control Physical and chemical properties of a material.

Instruments used in process control systems are not always directly measure and control the properties of the material properties of the process.

Instrumentation of are the tools and devices (device) used for measurement and control in a system larger and more

complex. Instrumentation can mean a tool to generate sound effects, such as musical instruments, for example, but in general the instrumentation has three main functions:

As a measurement tool As a tool of analysis, and As a means of control.

Instrumentation as a tool of measurement instrumentation includes surveys / statistics, temperature measurement instrumentation, etc.. Examples of instrumentation analysis tool often found in chemistry and medicine, for example, while an example of instrumentation as a means of control are found in the field of electronics,and industrial factories. The system measurement, analysis and control of the instrumentation can be done manually (theresults are read and written by hand), but it can also be done automatically by using a computer (electronic circuit).For the second type, the instrumentation can not be separated with the field of electronics and instrumentation itself.Instrumentation as a gauge often the front / beginning of the following sections (control section), and may be a measure of the amount of all types of physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical quantities. Some examples of these are gauges: mass, time, length, area, angle, temperature, humidity, pressure, flow, pH (acidity) levels, radiation, sound, light, speed, torque, electrical properties (electrical current, voltage , electrical resistivity), viscosity, density, etc..

Instrument is an instrument used to collect data in aninvestigation and assessment. Instruments is a measurement tool used to obtain quantitative and qualitative informationabout the variation of the characteristics of the study variables objectively. Meanwhile, according to Djaali and Muljono, the instrument is an instrument that meets the academic requirements, which can be used as a tool to measure an object measuring or collecting data about a variable.

B. PURPOSE

1. As the material to follow the referral to the End Semester Examination (UAS)2. As study materials for students

C. BENEFITS

The benefits of making this instrumentation final report so that we can know the functions and procedures for using eachtool will digunkanan at the time working in the laboratory.

CHAPTER IIDISCUSSION

IMAGES, USE OF TOOLS AND FUNCTIONS PROCEDURES

1) Volume Pipette Function: Used to take a certain amount of fluid in the proper procedure: With the help of ball sucking / filler mounted on the

top of the measuring pipette Once installed, measuring pipettes can be used.

2) Drops Pipette Function: Allows you to take fluids in small-scale droplets.Procedure:

By pressing the red rubber pipette Then enter into the solution to be pipetted by

itself the solution will go into the pipette

3) Pipette MeasureFunction: To measure liquids that do not require precision

Procedure: With the help of ball sucking / filler mounted on

the top of the measuring pipette Once installed, measuring pipettes can be use

4) Glass BeakerFunction:1. To measure the volume of solution that does not require a high level of accuracy2. To save the solution still requires a reaction / temporary storage3. Accommodating chemicals4. Media fluid warming 

Procedure: Enter the material to be dissolved Enter aquadest Then stir gently until all ingredients dissolve

5) ErlenmeyerFunction:1. To save and heating solutions2. Accommodating filtrate screening results3. Accommodating titrant (solution titrated) in the titration

Procedure:

Put erlenmeyer on the table Then input material will be dissolved in distilled

water by stirring using a stir or shake slowly to the right and to the left

6) Measure PumpkinFunction: To make a solution with the right volume, thorough and dilute or take the solution thoroughly.

Procedure:solid or liquid is inserted into the flask and added solvent. Prior to calibration mark / mark boundaries, thewall above the calibration mark on the drain and the addition of the solvent followed by very carefully (ditetes with a pipette) until the meniscus reaches tera circle. Closed flask and its contents shaken by invertingthe flask several times.

7) Measure GlassesFunction:1. To measure the volume of the solution does not requirea high degree of accuracy in a certain amount2. Submerge pipette (gross) with an acid wash

Procedure:measuring cup held by hand and thumb into a volume limit at will. Appointed measuring cup at eye level so that thevolume limit and to limit the volume of the liquid is poured.

8) Stirring RodsFunction: To stir the solution to quickly dissolve, generally at the pumpkin trophies, erlenmeyer or raeksi

tube.

Procedure:

Prepare a stir Make sure the rod is clean or sterile Rod ready to stir the solution or suspension, and

help move the solution from one container to another container.

9) Ball SuckerFunction: To assist the process of making liquid, vacuum cleaning, take the air and clear the air.

Procedure:

Prepare balls with suction pipette volume Clear the air in a ball vacuum by pressing the

symbol A (aspirate) Input voleme pipette suction ball into the hole and

press S (suction) to suck up the solution To clear the ball exploiters of the solution is

already in suction press E (empty)

10) Porcelain Saucer Function:

a) Used as a container to vaporize / reacting or changinga substance at a temperature that is not too high, forexample in the oven, on tangs water, steam, sand and porcelain sebagainya.cawan has a capacity of 4 to 2900ml.Sebagian of porcelain bowls can not stand on heating temperatures above 300 C.

b) Used to cremate filter paper, outlining the gravimetric precipitate thus becoming stable form. made of porcelain and is used to vaporize a solution.

Procedure:

Combine ingredients that have been blended into a porcelain cup. Stir with a stirring rod until both aremixed perfectly.

Heat the powder mixed with sand (in a porcelain cup) over the spirit burner flame (do not forget to use a tripod and wire gauze) and cover the top of the porcelain cup by using a watch glass.

Heat until a change in the watch glass! Observe the changes

Turn off the burner flame spirit, porcelain cup and let stand until the watch glass (the lid) to cool. Observe what happens to the watch glass.

11) Porcelain SpoonFunction:The instrument is made of porcelain that function to takesamples / substances in the form of corrosive powder.

Working Procedure:

Prepare a porcelain spoon is clean and dry. Porcelain spoon to take samples / substances which

are corrosive. After use, wash again the porcelain spoon.

12) Spoon HornFunction: To take chemicals in the form of solids or powders, used to stir the solution.

Working procedures:

Prepare a horn spoon is clean and dry. Enter a horn spoon to take samples or powder

substances. After use, clean the horn spoon using tissue.

13) Molasses PlatFunction:

a) A place for reacting substances, but in small quantities, for example, to test groups with a substance in powder form or substance spilled indicators usually wear plate drops to more clearly see the changes.

b) Substitute test tubec) Observe the color change of a substance.d) Observing the presence or absence of sediment.

Working Procedure:

Prepare tets plate is clean and dry. Put a drop of the plate place the flat. Pour the solution dropwise to each plate using a

pipette desired size (each hole to accommodate 30 drops).

14) Mortar / muller

Function:Mortar is usually always paired with stamper.Berfungsi togrind or refine chemicals, usually a solid material / tablet.

Working Procedure:

Prepare equipment dry and clean. Enter tablet-shaped substance / solid that would be

mashed with the help stamper. After use, clean the mortir

15) Glasses WatchesFunction:1. In closing beaker while heating the sample2. The place to weigh chemicals3. The place to dry solids in a desiccator.4. Place to determine the crystal, the evaporation of substances.

Working Procedure:

Prepare the watch glass is dry and clean. Place the substance to be weighed on the glass and see

the results shown.

16) Krus TangFunction:To clamp the tube or crucible while heating for upright.

Working Procedure:

Pinch Krush or test tube at the top that contains material that would have reacted, so the tube has not warmed the hands.

17) BuretteFunction: as a tool used to remove the solution with a given volume, typically used for titration.

Working Procedure:

Prior to use, the buret must be rinsed with a solution that will be used

How to fill: Faucet closed then inserted from the top of the solution using a glass funnel. Do not fill the buret with a position higher than the top of our eyes. Lower the buret and statifnya to the floor so that if there is a solution that spilled out of the funnel is not splashed into the eyes. There must be no bubbles are left in the bottom of the burette. If no bubbles, close the faucet

Then fill the burette to zero over the scale and open faucets slightly to set the fluid to be precise on a scale of zero.

18) StativeFunction: Made of iron or steel that serves to uphold theburette, funnel, separating funnel and other glassware during use.

Working Procedure:

Place the stative is fitted with a flat klam on. Give lining (cotton / tissue) in the burette to be

clamped so as not to break

19) KlamFunction:To hold or clamp the burette in titration process.

Working Procedure:

Put Klam the stand.

Then open the clamp / holder burette, buret enter the clamp is then leave .Would it so size Zones ml burettestraight with your eyes, not closed / facing the stand.

20) TripodFunction:Iron that held the ring and is used to hold the heating wire netting. To buffer spirit burner.

Working procedures:

Put your feet on the table three or a flat Then put the incendiary spirit in the midst of

three feet and put gauze on it.21) Bunsen

Function:Spiritus Burner made of heat-resistant materials, serves as a source of fire at the top there is a Heating process. The cover axis and serves to turn off the fire. The spiritus of the spirit burner is methanol.

Working Procedure:

Fill incendiary spirit using methanol. Light the spirit burner. After use, turn off the burner flame directly

closed using rubbing alcohol to cover spirits.

Wire nettingFunction : Wire coated with asbestos, used as a base to spread the heat and placed on three legs

in order to spread the heat evenly.

Working Procedure:

Prepare and place your feet on a flat three. Put wire netting over three feet, so that the

heating process can be carried out.

22) Test tubeFunction: The place for reacting a substance, usually in place on the tube rack.Procedure : Take a test tube, and insert the solutioninto the tube is da place it on the rack tube.

23) Tube RacksFunction: used as a place to put the test tube in the laboratory at the Experiment

Procedure:

Prepare tube rack Put the test tube in a tube rack.

24) Staining RackFunction: used as a place to put preparations or preparations at the time of staining

Procedure :

Made preparations or preparations on glass objects The preparation was then dried After the preparations dried, placed on a shelf

above the tub pengecetan staining Do pengecetan on staining rack After completion of the preparation is dried and

then placed on a shelf preparations. Do it under the microscope

25) Object GlassBenefits : To put preparations or preparations, at the time of observation using a microscope.Procedure : Placed the object or sample to be observed on the object glass and cover with glass deck above board then placed object to be observed in the microscope.

26) Petri dishBenefits: to weigh the material, to store chemicals microbiology.Procedure : pour the agar medium in a petri dish is then covered using a lid, solid media when the media is ready to use for breeding bacteria.

27) Needles OseFunction: To pick up and move the bacteria to stick method.Procedure : Hold the base ose ose sengkelit then movethe needle on the end of the culture and then put it on the back end of the loop preparations or preparations also in bacterial culture media to stick method.

28) Ose RoundFunction: to pick up and move the bacteria to scratch or rub the methodsProcedure : hold the base ose ose sengkelit then movethe needle on the end of the culture and then put it on the back end of the loop preparations or preparations also in bacterial culture media to scratch or rub method.

29) Tube clampFunction: To clamp the test tube when heatingWorking Procedure:

Take a hand clamp commonly used Use your thumb to press the wood to wood mouth open Then take a test tube and inserted into the mouth

of the tube clamp Remove the thumb of the timber in the press Directors prepared in heated tubes

30) Blue Litmus PaperFunction: A paper from chemicals that would change color when dipped into a solution of acid, alkaline or neutral.Blue litmus in acid solution and the color blue in alkaline solution colored red and blue colored in neutralsolution.

Working procedures:

Insert the solution into the drip plate. Dip litmus red and blue litmus into each solution Record the result if litmus blue means base, if red

means sour. If the color of litmus does not change,it means neutral.

31) Red Litmus PaperFunction: A paper from chemicals that would change color when dipped into a solution of acid, alkaline or neutral.Red litmus is red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline solution and a solution of neutral red.

Working procedures:

Insert the solution into the drip plate. Dip litmus red and blue litmus into each solution Record the result if litmus blue means base, if red

means sour. If the color of litmus does not change,it means neutral.

32) PH IndicatorFunction: To determine the pH indicator warna.Untuk test compounds that are acids and bases, which will give an indication of different colors according to the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Working Procedure:

Prepare the indicator paper. Dip the paper indicator on the solution to be known

pH value Observe the changes and compare the color changes

to match it on / with the standard color.

33) Paper FilterFunction : To filter / separate solution.

Working Procedure :Fold the filter paper in the form of flowers, then hang on or Beaker Erlenmeyer glass, give the wedge to allow air to enter.

34) Whatman paperFunction : As kromotografi paper, as a filter solution.Procedure : Paper hanging on the vessel so that the bottom of the paper lies in the solvent submerged vessel basis.

35) Durham tubeFunction : To accommodate the O2 gas which is derived from the fermentation of microorganisms, usually used in a liquid medium

Working procedures : Prepare test tubes Enter durham tube upside down, until the durham

tubes on agar medium into the tube durham Then insert the media into a test tube Wait a while until the gas bubble.

36) Test Tube Brush / Brush TubeFunction : To clean lab equipment such as test tubes. Description: The way of cleansing the rotary brushin the tube. Working Procedure : Enter test-tube into a test tube brush and rub until clean using detergent.

37) FunnelFunction : For shuttling fluids, filter sediment with the aid of filter paper.Procedure : Place the funnel in the upright position on the place that you want to move and then pourthe liquid or solution by mouth funnel.

38) TweezersFunction : To pinch coarse particles, small, mushy

or materials that can cause infection or allergy in humanbodyProcedure :

Take tweezers Use your index finger and thumb to press both sides

to clamp the bias Take the desired object using tweezers, continue to

press all the way down. Remove after in use.

39) Triangle / Triangle porcelainFunction : As a buffer porcelain crucible at pemijaran or heatingProcedure : Porcelain cup on top of the trianglethen pijarkan using Bunsen.

40) Analytical Scales / BalanceFunction : To weigh the substances that need precision in small or micro scale (usually up to 4 decimal 0.0001 g).

Working procedures:

Put the water balance in the flat position with the water pass.

Adjust the attitude of zero by turning the regulator screw weight.

Place the substance to be weighed on the Scales. Read the numbers listed on the balance sheet screen. Once in use nolkan return the balance.

41) Scales Coarse / Triple Bearn

The function of the tool:1. To weigh the material / substance more than 1 gram.2. To weigh materials / chemicals with moderate accuracy (0.01 to 0.001).

Working procedures: Put the water balance in the flat position with the

water pass.

2. Set zero attitude view of manggunakan sikrup weight control.

Put the weigh paper / parchment on top of the section.

Consider the material above the paved section of parchment paper.

Determine the weight of the sample.

42) Lup / Magnifying GlassFunction : To enlarge the vision or to see small objects that seem obvious to use a convex lens (+)Working Procedure :

Clean the glass first so as not to affect vision Grasp the handle of LUP and position just above the

object to be were subjected

43) ThermometerFunction : The thermometer is a device used to measure temperature (temperature), or changes in temperatureWorking Procedure : Take a thermometer, place the armpitthen flops with arms, let a few minutes, take the thermometer and see temperatures.

44) TourniquetFunction : To stem the upper arm in the process of making visible veins venous.Procedures for use : Tie a tourniquet on the arm firmly at the time of blood collection.

45) Room CountTool to calculate the number of blood cells diluted in a given volume.

Working procedures:

Suck blood (capillaries, EDTA, oxalat) with erythrocyte pipette until 0.5 proper markings.

Eliminate excess blood attached to the pipette tip. Lar input into the pipette tip. Hayem while holding

blood in this line. Pipette is held at an angle of 45

° and lar. Hayem sucked gently until the markings 101.Do not let any air bubbles

Lift dropper of liquid; cap pipette tip with your fingertips and then remove the rubber suction. Beat for 3 minutes it was pipette

Remove liquid from the pipette 3-4 drops and immediately touch the tip of the pipette at an angle of 30 ° to the surface of the room count by touching the edge of the cover glass. Let the count room was filled with fluid power.

Leave the room count was 2-3 minutes on Petri dishes containing wet cotton that has been precipitated leukocytes.

Count the number of erythrocytes by using small Objectif 40x in 5 small fields

Dilution that occurs is 200x. wide each small area of 1/400 mm ², high room count 1/10 mm while the erythrocyte count regards small field 5x16 = 80 the number of small areas of the extent of 1/5 mm ². Factor to get the number of erythrocytes per mL of blood into 5x10x200 = 10,000.

46) SyringeFunction : as a simple rotary pump to inject or suckliquids or gases

Procedure :

Prepare a clean and sterile syringes Spuit is control to withdraw or insert the piston Put the needle on the syringe. Attach tourniquet Perform venous sampling by piercing parts of the

vein Pull piston sehinggah blood can get into Open tornlavet, remove the syringe that had been

filled with blood.

47) Pipette erythrocytes (Color Red)Pipette Throma red erythrocytes, scale figure 0.5; 1; 101. To thin the blood to count the number of cells of erythrocytes and platelets.

Working procedures

Suck the blood capillaries (capillary, EDTA, or oxalat) to the line marked "0.5" right. and diluting solution samapa mark "101

Remove excess blood attached to the pipette tip. Insert the pipette tip into the solution while maintaining TURK blood was still on the tan lines. pipette is held at an angle of 45 degrees and a solution TURK inhaled slowly to the line marked "11" right. Be careful not to place air bubbles.

Lift dropper of liquid; pipette tip lid with fingertips and remove rubber suction.

Shake the pipette last for 15-30 seconds. if not immediately be counted put the pipette in a horizontal position.

48) Pipette Leukocytes (White Colour)Pipette Throma Leukocytes are white, the scale of the numbers 0.5 - 11. For dilution blood leukocyte count and eosinophil counts.

Working Procedure Suck the blood capillaries (capillary, EDTA, or

oxalat) to the line marked "0.5" right. Remove excess blood attached to the pipette tip Insert the pipette tip into the solution while

maintaining TURK blood was still on the tan lines. pipette is held at an angle of 45 degrees and a solution TURK inhaled slowly to the line marked "11" right. Be careful not to place air bubbles.

Lift dropper of liquid; pipette tip lid with fingertips and remove rubber suction.

Shake the pipette last for 15-30 seconds. if not immediately be counted put the pipette in a horizontal position.

49) Blood LancetFunction : Be used as a measure of the depth of the puncture according to the desired use blood lancet

Procedure :

Put into autoclic blood lancet holder and then replace the lid and turn autoclic holder to determine the depth based on the number or scale that is written on cover

Open the cover and put the patient's finger and press the button on the wall autoclic holder will automatically be blood lancet needle out and stab into the desired fit.

50) MicropipetteFunction : a tool for moving fluids or sample accurate in small sizes (≤ 1000 mL)

Procedure :

Press the thumb knob to confirm the pipette Turn the scale according to the needs of the

required volume Insert tip on or tip minopipet nozle appropriate

volume (blue 1000 ul, 500 ul, 100 ul yellow - 1 ul) Press thumb knob put the tip in solution deep

vertical 2-3 mm Clear with the remaining portion of tissue fluid

outside tip Moving in the space provided press thumb knob

51) Blue TipFunction : Take a small quantity of fluid and accurate. Used on a scale of 100-1000 microliter micropipette.

Procedure :

Select the tip according to the desired volume allocation

Pair the micropipette to start taking fluids.

52) Yellow TipFunction : Take a small quantity of fluid and accurate. Used on a micropipette with a scale of 5-50

microliters.

Procedure :

Select the tip according to the desired volume allocation

Pair the micropipette to start taking fluids

53) White TipFunction : Take a small quantity of fluid and accurate. Used on a scale of 0-10 microliter micropipette.

Procedure :

Select the tip according to the desired volume allocation

Pair the micropipette to start taking fluids.

54) Pipette WestergenFunction : To examine erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR). Procedure : Fill the tube with blood that had been given na2 3.8% - line marks zero. Pipettes should beclean and dry, Put the tube on the shelf and noticed thatwestergen correct position - right upright at room temperature, and after 1 hour reading results with units of mm / hr.

55) Shelves WestergenFunction : To put or keep wetergen pipette during inspection

Procedure :

Place the rack in place of a flat and flat Attach the rubber bottom of the rack (the holes are

already available Place the pipette in an upright Raise a little top flops with clamp pipette and

there.

56) Heparin Tube MicrokapilerFunction : to measure hematocrit values in venous blood using mikromethodProcedure :

Ends added dumpul (kreosol). Take ¾ blood tubes. Dicentrifuge.

57) Non-Heparin tubes MicrokapilerFunction : To measure hematocrit values in arterial blood anti-coagulant is added by using the mikrometode.Procedure :

Ends plus dumpul (kreosol) Take ¾ blood tubes. Dicentrifuge.

58) HemoglobinometerFunction : to measure the levels of hemoglobin or red blood

Procedure :

Put 0.1 N HCl until the mark on the measuring tube 2 (2gr%)

Pipette with less blood sample pipette HB by sucking the aspirator to 0.02 ml

Remove or bersikan residual blood on the outside with wet wipes

Put samples in tubes containing 0.1 N HCl and distilled water rinse cdengan

Whisk gently until the color turns brown blood (acid hematin)

Put in standard HB, compare the color with the comparison by adding aqudes leveled with the help of stirrer

If the color has the same read HB levels in yellow estates with unit g%.

59) SphygnanometerFunction : To measure blood pressure

Procedure :

Wear cuff on the upper arm (left hand) Position with a cuff and stethoscope on the pulse

cesth pice cap ventil Pump up the scale by pressing Buib 200 mmHg off slowly by opening the first beats ventil and a

decrease in systolic and beats the scale as recently as the diastolic pressure.

60) StethoscopeFunction : To detect or hear sounds in the body. Usually to hear the heartbeat, pulse, respiration, detection of the fetus in pregnancy

Procedure :

Perform payroll tranquility and comfort room Put ear tip to ear-fitting and comfortable Ensure that the longitudinal axis of the outer ear

to the ear pit right – right Choose the right diaphragm Place the ear pit on the object to be

61) Tube NesllerFunction : For water analysis kalorimetr such as determination of Cu, nitrite and iron. Description : There are 2 kinds of Nessler tubes are: Size 50 ml and 100 ml. Procedure: insert the solution into a Nessler tube and then compare the color with the color reference solution

62) RefractometerFunction :a. Calculate levels of solute in the solvent or the concentration of a solution.b. To measure the specific gravity of the urine

Procedure :

Shifting light refractometer that mirror and the scale on the refractometer gets lit (open valve diaphragm)

Clean the surface of the cover glass prism with cotton or tissue

Used as drops with liquid to a glass prism box Set the field of view with a small screw so it

stayed black and white and a large screw that blackand white balance

Record the results of each% refractive index fluids Reopened areas prisma cleaned carefully and

thoroughly and rinse with water and dry with cottonor tissue

63) UrinometerFunction : Measure specific gravity of the urine carefully.Procedure :

Pour urine should be room temperature in a glass urinometer. Possible foam removed by using a piece of filter paper or a drop of ether.

Entered the urinometer into the glass. So that it is free floating urinometer read when there should be enough in a glass of urine benyak earlier.

Before reading the specific gravity of the shaft urinometer, urinometer it must be separated from the glass wall, to release urinometer rotate it using the thumb and forefinger.

By lap was urinometer be floating in the middle of the glass and does not stick to the wall again. Read it now without paralax high density miniskus below.

64) Counter colonyFunction : To count colonies of bacteria growing in a petri dish after incubation media

Procedure :

Turn on the device Put the above ingredients

Then count the number of colonies on the scale indicated

65) RefrigeratorFunction :1. To prevent mold growth on the media and the odor2. To preserve the media at a certain temperature

Working Procedure :

Refrigerator cable plugs on the power source Fridge / freezer ready to use.

66) OvenFunction : remedy dry and sterilization equipment that is not easily brokenProcedure :

Press the ON button to turn on the oven Set the desired temperature Then enter the appliance or equipment to be

sterilized After completion reaches a certain temperature,

turn off by pressing the OFF And open the oven door to mengabil tool has

finished sterilized tools.

67) WaterbathFunction : to create a stable or constant temperature appropriate temperature required for the reaction process that requires a certain temperature

Procedure :

Add water (preferably distilled water) into a waterbath (Container)

Turn on the device and adjust the temperature as desired

Enter the sample / reagent / media to be conditioned on the temperature

Switch off after use

68) IncubatorFunction : Used for incubation / pengeramaman microbes at temperatures 35-37 0C in a certain time

Procedure :

Media that have been created or inoculated incubated in an incubator in a position behind the media

Then set the temperature and time according to the desired temperature

Let the media in an incubator for 24 hours until the media can be cultured.

69) AutoclaveFunction : to sterilize culture media, tools and media destruction beending the bacterial.

Prosedur to use :

Fill enough water into the vessel. Install the heater. Enter the equipment / materials to be sterilized or

didestruksi into the vessel above the plate / perforated metal shelves and lockable robust autoclave is strong. opened valve / safety valve until all the air in the vessel were driven out.

Close the safety valve and let some time until the temperature and pressure are expected is success. Write the time and wait time for the desired heating.

Turn off the heat, let the temperature go down while safety valve is opened so that the pressure in the vessel down. Once the temperature shows a zero, a new The cover of autoclave is open.

CHAPTER IIICLOSING

A. CONCLUSION

From the above definition, it can be an understanding of the basic principles and the instrumentation

consists of two main activities, namely measuring and controlling. Both are closely related to each other, which greatly determines the quality of the measurement results of a control.In line with the development of science and technology, the instrument was berkembanga and have a broad understanding of the scope. One of them is an instrument of the process (process instrumentation) are more ignored pegukuran insttrumen instruments usedin the measurement and pengengendalian to cultivate, multiply and handle the process.

And after the lab-lab for 1 semester then the student can find a wide range of instrumentation tools that were once only be seen but now students can know what kind of tools, functions and how to use it and not only that the students can use the knowledge that has been acquired for using that on other subjects.Of all the types of tools that are above it can be concluded, that the laboratory equipment consists of:• Equipment that is non-glass petri dish, stir sticks,measuring cups, pipette volume, durham tubes, test tubes, Erlenmeyer etc..• Instrument instrument, namely oven, incubator, LAF, centrifuge, balance / scales, autoclave, spectrophotometer etc..• Other equipment that is straight ose, ose round etc..

B. ADVICE

Instruments play an important role in determining the quality of a research and assessment. Therefore we as students and Mahasiwi need to know how to use a tool that will be used in the laboratory and also we must know each function of the tool to be in the works in the laboratory of one of us not using a tool.And in doing health checks on the field of laboratory work must be in accordance with the procedures appropriate tools in order to get the results as expected.Health of the world's success in improving quality of

care and health care is in the hands of future students analysts and other health service workers.

REFERENCES

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