Simultaneous investigation of galactic cosmic rays on aircrafts and on International Space Station

Simultaneous Investigation of Galactic Simultaneous Investigation of Galactic Cosmic Rays on Aircrafts and on Cosmic Rays on Aircrafts and on

International Space StationInternational Space Station

T. Dachev(1), F. Spurny(2), G. Reitz(3), B.T. Tomov(1), P.G. DimT. Dachev(1), F. Spurny(2), G. Reitz(3), B.T. Tomov(1), P.G. Dimitrov(1), itrov(1), Y.N. Matviichuk(1)Y.N. Matviichuk(1)

(1)(1) SolarSolar--Terrestrial Influences Laboratory, Bulgarian Academy of sciencesTerrestrial Influences Laboratory, Bulgarian Academy of sciences, Sofia, , Sofia, Bulgaria, ([email protected], ([email protected] http://www.stil.acad.bghttp://www.stil.acad.bg

(2) Nuclear Physics Institute(2) Nuclear Physics Institute--Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Czech Academy Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republicof Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

(3) DLR, German Aerospace Research, Cologne, Germany(3) DLR, German Aerospace Research, Cologne, Germany

Simultaneous ...Simultaneous ... WRMISS, September 2004WRMISS, September 200422

OutlookOutlook

ll International Space Station GCR Radiation International Space Station GCR Radiation EnvironmentEnvironment

ll Aircraft instrumentation and resultsAircraft instrumentation and resultsll LongLong--term variations of aircraft doses and term variations of aircraft doses and

fluxesfluxesll Forbush decrease study on aircrafts and Forbush decrease study on aircrafts and

on International Space stationon International Space stationll Future space experimentsFuture space experimentsll ConclusionsConclusions


International Space Station GCR Radiation International Space Station GCR Radiation EnvironmentEnvironment


LiulinLiulin--Mobile Dosimetry Unit (MDU)Mobile Dosimetry Unit (MDU)at ISSat ISS

External view of MDUExternal view of MDU Internal view of MDUInternal view of MDU

Detector Detector + preamp+ preamp..

BatteryBatterycompartmentcompartment

ElectronicsElectronics

SPECIFICATIONS OF MDUSPECIFICATIONS OF MDU-- Dose range: 0.093 nGy Dose range: 0.093 nGy –– 1.56 mGy;1.56 mGy;-- Flux range: Flux range: -- 0.01 0.01 -- 1250 part/cm1250 part/cm22s;s;-- Energy loss range: Energy loss range: -- 0.0407 0.0407 –– 20.83 MeV;20.83 MeV;-- Pulse height analysis range: Pulse height analysis range: -- 19.5 mV 19.5 mV –– 5.0 V; 5.0 V; -- LET range: 0.27LET range: 0.27-- 69.4 keV/69.4 keV/µµ ;;-- Temperature range: 0Temperature range: 0°°C C -- +40+40°°C;C;-- Power consumption: typically 72 mW;Power consumption: typically 72 mW;

--Size (including 70x38x20 Size (including 70x38x20 mm battery pack of SONY mm battery pack of SONY NPNP--F550 type): 100x64x24 F550 type): 100x64x24 mm;mm;--Total mass (including 0.08 Total mass (including 0.08 kg battery pack): 0.23 kg. kg battery pack): 0.23 kg. -- Operation time 5 daysOperation time 5 days


Configuration of ISS and CSA aircraft orbitsConfiguration of ISS and CSA aircraft orbits

-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10 0 10 20Longitude (deg)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Lati

tud

e (d

eg)

ISS 28 May 2001

ISS 30 May 2001

ISS 2 June 2001

CSA 1 June 2001


Oulu Neutron Monitor Data Oulu Neutron Monitor Data


Presentation of the ISS data Presentation of the ISS data

1 2 3 4 5L value

1

10

Dos

e (u

Gy/

h)Fl

ux (c

m-2

s-1

)D/F

(nG

y cm

2/pa

rt.)

1

10

1

10

ISS Liulin-E094 MDU#$ Descending orbits -80°<Long<20°

2-3 June 2001

28-29 May 2001

22-23 May 2001

Dose

Flux

D/F


Variations of the GCR in dependence of L value Variations of the GCR in dependence of L value as observed by MDU#4 on ISS.as observed by MDU#4 on ISS.

1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5L value

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

MDU#4

Flu

x (c

m-2

s-1

)

Fit 2 June

Fit 30 May

Fit 28 May

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

MDU#4

Dos

e (u

Gy/

hour)

2 June

30 May

28 May

Liulin-E094ISS US Lab


1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0L value

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

ISS

MD

U#1

Flu

x (c

m^-

2s^-

1)

2 June 2001

30 May 2001

28 May 2001

Same as previous for MDU#1, which is less shieldedSame as previous for MDU#1, which is less shielded


Aircraft instrumentation and resultsAircraft instrumentation and results


LiulinLiulin--SpectrometerSpectrometer for more than 100 days for more than 100 days monitoring of the space radiation at aircraft altitudesmonitoring of the space radiation at aircraft altitudes

External view of LSExternal view of LS

SPECIFICATIONS:SPECIFICATIONS:-- Dose range: 0.093 nGy Dose range: 0.093 nGy –– 1.56 mGy;1.56 mGy;-- Flux range: Flux range: -- 0.01 0.01 -- 1250 part/cm2s;1250 part/cm2s;-- Energy loss range: Energy loss range: -- 0.0407 0.0407 –– 20.83 MeV;20.83 MeV;-- Pulse height analysis range: 19.5 mV Pulse height analysis range: 19.5 mV –– 5.0 V; 5.0 V; -- LET (Si) range: 0.27LET (Si) range: 0.27-- 69.4 keV/m;69.4 keV/m;-- Temperature range: 0oC Temperature range: 0oC -- +40oC;+40oC;-- Power consumption: typically 52 mW;Power consumption: typically 52 mW;

-Size: 100x100x50 mm;-Total mass: 0.33 kg. (including 2x 0.1 kg SAFT LSH20 3.6 V Li-ion batteries); - Operation time 110 days

Internal view of LSInternal view of LS

D-size Li-ion Batteries

Electronics

Detector + preamp.


Long term variations including Forbush decreases and GLE#60 Long term variations including Forbush decreases and GLE#60 as seen on Liulin data on CSA aircraft for the mean doses and as seen on Liulin data on CSA aircraft for the mean doses and fluxes on Prague Newfluxes on Prague New--York routes for 22 March York routes for 22 March –– 7 May 20017 May 2001

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

Dos

e R

ate

(uG

y/ho

ur)

5000

5500

6000

6500

Oul

u N

M c

orre

cted

Cou

nt ra

te

0.8

1.0

1.2

Eve

nt R

ate

(cm

^-2

s^-1

)

5000

5500

6000

6500

Dose

Oulu NM

Event rate

82 87 92 97 102 107 112 117 122Day number in 2001

27 March 7 April 17 April 27 April


Aircraft data Aircraft data


Variations of the CSA aircraft dose and flux data for 30 May Variations of the CSA aircraft dose and flux data for 30 May

and 2 June 2001 on the route Pragueand 2 June 2001 on the route Prague--New York and backNew York and back

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Number of measurements

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Dos

e (u

Gy/

hour

)

Dose 30.05.02

Dose 02.06.01

Prague-New Yourk and back

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Flux

(cm

^-2

s^

-1)

Flux 30.05.02

Flux 02.06.02


Simultaneously plotted Flux data from MDUs on CSA and on Simultaneously plotted Flux data from MDUs on CSA and on ISS from 21 May to 10 June 2001ISS from 21 May to 10 June 2001

1

2

MD

U#4

Flu

x (c

m^-

2s^-

1)

5600

5800

6000

6200

Oul

u N

M c

orre

cted

cou

nts

20.05 25.05 30.05 04.06 09.06May 2001 June 2001

Oulu NM counts

MDU#5 Ave. Flux on CSA

MDU#4 Flux on ISS

Aver. MDU#4 Flux on ISS


Cl KOTC

Comparison of ISS and Comparison of ISS and aircraft dose and NM dataaircraft dose and NM data

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Ne

utr

on

mo

nit

or

cou

nts

1

2

3

4

5

6

GC

R D

ose

Ra

te (

uG

y/h

ou

r)

Oulu

Kiel

Thule

MDU on Aircraft (aver.)

MDU-2 on ISS aver.

May 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 June

2001

Normal to Forbush Normal to Forbush RatiosRatios

On CSA aircraft: N/F=1.29On CSA aircraft: N/F=1.29

On ISS: N/F=1.21On ISS: N/F=1.21


Comparison of the spectra obtained on ISS and on CSA Comparison of the spectra obtained on ISS and on CSA aircraft for the time before and after Forbush Decreaseaircraft for the time before and after Forbush Decrease

1E-2 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2Deposited energy in Si (MeV)

1E-5

1E-4

1E-3

1E-2

1E-1

1E+0Flu

x (c

m2

s-1

)Y = pow(X,-2.62117) * 0.00268503 CSA

Y = pow(X,-2.35256) * 0.0090629 ISS

CSA 30.05

CSA 02.06

Fit CSA

ISS 28.05

ISS 02.06

Fit ISS


Dose to flux calculations according to Heffner, 1991Dose to flux calculations according to Heffner, 1991


Fitting curves of the Dose, Flux and dose to flux ratio from Fitting curves of the Dose, Flux and dose to flux ratio from MDU#4 on ISS for 3 different periods before, during and after MDU#4 on ISS for 3 different periods before, during and after

the Forbush decrease on 27 May 2001the Forbush decrease on 27 May 2001

1 2 3 4 5L value

1

10

Dos

e (u

Gy/

h)

Flux

(cm

^-2

s^-1

) D

/F (n

Gy

cm^2

/par

t.)

1

10

1

10

ISS Liulin-E094, Descending orbits -80°<Long<20°

2-3 June 2001

28-29 May 2001

22-23 May 2001

Dose Polynomial Fit

D/F Linear Fit

Fit 10: Polynomial

Note:Note:

-- Dose/Flux ratio being Dose/Flux ratio being almost constant about almost constant about

1.08 [mGy cm1.08 [mGy cm22 pp--11];];

-- Average Dose L>2,5 Average Dose L>2,5 is 5.28 [is 5.28 [µµGy/h];Gy/h];

--Average Flux isAverage Flux is1.62 [cm1.62 [cm--2 2 ss--11]]


Dose and dose to flux ratio from MDU#5 Dose and dose to flux ratio from MDU#5 on CSA for 2on CSA for 2--10 June 200110 June 2001

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3Flux (cm^-2 s^-1)

0.1

1

10

Dos

e (u

Gy/

hour

)

Do

se/F

lux

(nG

y cm

^2 p

art.^

-1)

MDU#5 on CSA aircraft 2-10 June 2001 Dose > 1.0 [uGy/hour]

Dose

Dose/Flux

Linear fit

Note:Note:

-- Dose/Flux ratio being Dose/Flux ratio being almost constant about almost constant about

0.63 [mGy cm0.63 [mGy cm22 pp--11];];

-- Average Dose isAverage Dose is1.68 [1.68 [µµGy/h];Gy/h];

--Average Flux isAverage Flux is0.95 [cm0.95 [cm--2 2 ss--11]]


Comparison between Liulin MDUs and TEPC dataComparison between Liulin MDUs and TEPC data

1E-2

1E-1

1E+0

1E+1

Dos

e R

ate

(uG

y/m

in)

UT (HH:MM:SS)

Spe

cifi

c D

ose

(nG

y/pa

rt)

MDU#1

MDU#2

MDU#3

MDU#4

TEPC

TEPC SD

MDU#4 SD

19:37:30 19:42:30 19:47:30 19:52:30 19:57:30 20:02:30


Future space experimentsFuture space experiments


LiulinLiulin--ISS Instrument is a part of Russian segment service dosimetric sISS Instrument is a part of Russian segment service dosimetric system ystem and will work on ISS for 15 years since beginning of 2004and will work on ISS for 15 years since beginning of 2004

LiulinLiulin--ISS, MDU DIMENSIONS:ISS, MDU DIMENSIONS:

WeightWeight: : 22229 9 g incl. 80 g batteryg incl. 80 g batterySizeSize: : 110110x80x25 mmx80x25 mm

ConsumptionConsumption: : 8484 mWmW


R3DR3D--B instrument for ESA BiopanB instrument for ESA Biopan--4 facility outside of 4 facility outside of Foton M1 satellite. On 15 October 2002 it was unsuccessfully lauFoton M1 satellite. On 15 October 2002 it was unsuccessfully launched. The nched. The

mission will be repeated in 2005 and 2006. The spectrometer is mmission will be repeated in 2005 and 2006. The spectrometer is mutually utually developed with the University in Erlangen, Germany. developed with the University in Erlangen, Germany.

PAR channel

UV-A channel

UV-B channel

UV-C channel

256 ChannelsLET spectrometer

R3DR3D--B DIMENSIONS:B DIMENSIONS:

WeightWeight: 1: 1229 9 ggSizeSize: : 8282x57x25 mmx57x25 mm


BiopanBiopan--4 Facility4 Facility

After the After the crashcrash


R3D instrument for EXPOSE facility outside of Columbus on ISS. TR3D instrument for EXPOSE facility outside of Columbus on ISS. The he spectrometer is mutually developed with the University in Erlangspectrometer is mutually developed with the University in Erlangen, Germany en, Germany

and is expected to be launched and is expected to be launched in 2004/2005.in 2004/2005.

R3D DIMENSIONS:R3D DIMENSIONS:

WeightWeight: 1: 1889 9 ggSizeSize: : 7676x76x36 mmx76x36 mm


Quick look data Quick look data analysis panelanalysis panel

PAR channel

UV-A channel

UV-B channel

256 ChannelsLET spectrometer

Flight unit mounted in the Flight unit mounted in the EXPOSE facility (May 2003)EXPOSE facility (May 2003)

EXPOSEEXPOSE

ColumbusColumbus

UV-C channel


ConclusionsConclusions

ll Liulin spectrometers proved its possibility Liulin spectrometers proved its possibility to characterize complex radiation fields to characterize complex radiation fields and their variations in the International and their variations in the International space station and on aircrafts;space station and on aircrafts;

ll Future experiments in space are under Future experiments in space are under development and will be performed up to development and will be performed up to 2019;2019;

ll Additional efforts are needed to present Additional efforts are needed to present and analyze all the obtained results.and analyze all the obtained results.


Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

Simultaneous investigation of galactic cosmic rays on aircrafts and on International Space Station

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