Shatibiyyah-english.pdf - The Rightful Recital

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Transcript of Shatibiyyah-english.pdf - The Rightful Recital

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Those words in which imālah takes place due to a kasrah &

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Those imālahs peculiar to ˘Ali ibn Hamzah al-Kisā`ī &

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Those imālahs peculiar to Dūrī ˘Ali W89F&O&$%(-,8%t&O8*1&_4#T&^=*"&@3D,$&(6&"!-*D,.3&&"8&%+,&>9**9F"8E&F9#-$Q&

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4 4 7 5

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