Scottish Salmon Farming Industry Research Report

Scottish Salmon Farming

Industry Research Report

April 2012

Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation Limited, Durn, Isla Road, Perth PH2 7HG Tel: 01738 587 000, Fax: 01738 621 454Email: [email protected] Web: www.scottishsalmon.co.uk

Chairman’s Foreword 1Chief Executive’s Overview 2Health & Welfare View 3Background and Objective 4Case Study: Argyll & Bute 5Methodology and Sample 6Case Study: Highland 7Main Findings: Salmon Business Confidence Survey 8Main Findings: Employment by SSPO Member Companies 10Main Findings: Travel to Work 11Main Findings: Average Years with Companies 11Main Findings: Origin of Workforce 11Main Findings: Financial Contribution to Communities 12Main Findings: Levels of Capital Investment 14Main Findings: Expenditure on Suppliers and Services 16 Case Study: Orkney 17Case Study: Shetland 18Overseas Development View 19Case Study: Western Isles 20

Contents Chairman’s Foreword

11

As Scotland deals with the realities of the global economic downturn, erudite economists – always men with perfect hindsight – have a new mantra of ‘a balanced economy’. In plain man’s terms this means creating the essential mix of primary production, manufacturing and service industries that will provide for economic stability even in difficult times.

Scotland has relatively few world class industries, but its salmon farming is in that category. We will never be the largest salmon producer or the lowest cost. Norway and Chile are ahead of us in scale; and by international standards our farm sizes are small and our commitment to high standards of husbandry and management incurs added costs. But Scotland seeks to produce the best and we are immensely proud of our history and tradition. Scottish farmed salmon and salmon products are internationally recognised as the premium product in their class; they are always in-demand at home, and in countries across the world.

Again this year, in this report, we have provided key facts about our industry, both for the interest of the communities in which we farm and for a wider audience. The figures will speak for themselves; but the creation of 506 jobs over the last three years and the capital investment of £205 million in farms and processing are points of note. The vast majority of capital investment has been in the Highlands and Islands: Shetland (33.5%), Argyll & Bute (17%), Highland (23%), Western Isles (15%) and Orkney (4.5%). However, with recent new planning applications and permissions in Orkney, investment there is set to rise.

Under Scotland’s National Marine Plan, farmed fish production will increase steadily year on year, to give an overall increase of 50% by 2020. This plan is fully achievable subject only to continued careful planning and to investors’ confidence in Scotland. The first of these can be virtually assured. But, with a major Aquaculture and Fisheries Bill proposed for later this year, we trust policy makers will avoid measures, which may threaten our competitive position in the investment market. As part of a ‘balanced economy’ there’s nothing better or more future-looking than Scottish salmon farming!

Professor Phil Thomas Chairman, Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation

Scottish farmed salmon and salmon products are internationally recognised as the premium product in their class

32

Chief Executive’s Overview

I am pleased to report that this new official data demonstrates the expanding economic contribution by Scotland’s salmon farmers.

Direct employment within SSPO member companies has increased again, with an impressive 272 jobs created since the previous research findings (December 2010). The 13% increase in direct employment has contributed to a 23% growth in the total gross pay, which has risen to £53.7 million.

With many businesses well-placed to increase capital expenditure spending, a record £47.6 million was invested during 2011. Almost all of the capital investments were made in the Highlands and Islands, with the vast majority injected into Shetland, Argyll & Bute, Highland, Western Isles and Orkney.

This reflects the positive impact of production increasing to its highest level in six years, the value of the total output soaring by 30% and accelerating export growth which is now at record levels.

Against this backdrop confidence has grown somewhat, with 86% of SSPO member companies planning to both increase staff and grow production sustainably over the next five years.

Despite the global economy continuing to struggle to make a recovery, the market conditions for superior Scottish salmon at home and abroad remain very strong. With the positive impact of business confidence and strong investment from the salmon sector, I expect the market conditions for our sector to remain positive.

However, I concur with the Chairman’s caution that any unintended consequences arising from the proposed Aquaculture and Fisheries Bill would quickly undermine confidence levels, potentially resulting in a significant loss of job creation and investment in the Highlands and Islands. We must all work together to maintain a confident industry.

Scott Landsburgh Chief Executive, Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation

Health and Welfare View

Freedom Food, the RSPCA’s farm animal welfare and food labelling scheme, was launched in 1994 with a simple remit – to bring RSPCA welfare standards to as many farmed animals as possible.

Participants are subject to annual assessment from our highly trained assessors and subject to monitoring visits from RSPCA Farm Livestock Officers. This dual level of checks makes Freedom Food, in my opinion, the most robust of all the assurance schemes.

After 16 years, we now have over 75 million[1] terrestrial farmed animals in the scheme, including 28%[2] of all UK pig production, 36% of duck production and the vast majority of UK cage free egg production.

Perhaps the area where progress has been most satisfying is our work with Scottish salmon producers. Since the RSPCA launched the first ever welfare standards for farmed Atlantic salmon nine years ago, between 60% and 70% of Scottish salmon in seawater at any given time are Freedom Food approved.

Farming to RSPCA welfare standards has measurable commercial benefits such as improvements in fish health and bio-security, reduction in mortality and an increase in operational efficiency. In transport – also covered by RSPCA welfare standards – positive welfare input results in significant improvements in flesh quality and shelf life.

Freedom Food labelled smoked and fresh salmon is now sold in many of the UK’s major grocery retail outlets, including The Co-operative, Somerfield, Morrisons, Sainsbury’s, Tesco, Booths and many independents. In addition, Marks & Spencer source their Scottish salmon from Freedom Food approved farms.

Despite the economic climate, research shows there is no drop off in consumer interest in ethical food. A recent Institute of Grocer Distribution report (July 2011) shows the trend for higher welfare food continues, with twice as many shoppers in the UK claiming to have bought a higher welfare product, such as Freedom Food, over the past four years. All the signs are that the welfare of animals is now considered to be a ‘quality’ attribute.

As we move towards our 10th year of working with the salmon industry, I am hopeful that demand for higher welfare salmon will continue to grow, as well as continue to deliver a real competitive advantage to Scottish salmon producers who are members of Freedom Food.

Leigh Grant Chief Executive Officer, Freedom Food

[1] All Freedom Food animal number figures quoted correct as at end 2011 [2] Freedom Food market penetration has been calculated against Defra farm census 2008

Since the RSPCA launched the welfare standards for farmed Atlantic salmon nine years ago, between 60% and 70% of Scottish salmon in seawater are Freedom Food approved

86% of SSPO member companies are planning to both increase staff and grow production sustainably over the next five years

Global population growth and a rise in the average consumption per person are driving the increasing appetite for seafood. The rise in demand is not being supported by the state of the world’s fisheries stocks, which have little capacity to improve sustainable yields.

The percentage of seafood derived from aquaculture has increased significantly over the last 30 years. Fish and shellfish farming produced only 9% of seafood in 1980, but now it provides almost half of global supply.[1]

With this proportion predicted to increase and political support within Europe for the sustainable development of the sector,[2] it is encouraging to report that production in Scotland has increased three years in a row.[3]

Scotland’s salmon industry is in buoyant mood. Increased production, improved knowledge, adoption of higher welfare standards and major capital investments have been key determinants of growth, jobs and added value creation over the last year.

Encouraged by the rising market demand for nutritious, superior and sustainable Scottish salmon, the industry has outlined a strategic plan to achieve annual production of 210,000 tonnes by 2020.

This research outlines the increasing economic importance of the sector and promotes the continued need to prioritise sustainable economic development.

[1] The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, published by the UN FAO, http://www.fao.org [2] Strategy for the Sustainable Development of European Aquaculture, 2009[3] Scottish Fish Farms Annual Production Survey 2010, published by the Scottish Government, November 2011

Background and Objective

4

ARGYLL & BUTE • The direct employment provided by members of SSPO has risen from 321 in

2008 to 489

• 67 new jobs were created in the last year

• The increase in direct employment represents a 17% rise on the previous year

• On average, employees remain with their employer for nine years

• Over the last five years SSPO member companies have made £35.7 million capital investments

• 17% of capital investments between 2006 and 2011 in the whole of Scotland were made in Argyll & Bute

• Gross pay has increased year-on-year, rising from £3.7 million in 2007 to £10.3 million

• During the last five years £41.3 million local wage payments have generated over £189 million of economic benefits as money earned locally is spent locally

Capital Investment between 2006 and 2011

TOTAL £35,689,998

Case Study

2008£12,193,103

2006£3,943,507

2007£6,486,503

2010£4,812,305

2009£3,895,962

45

FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION TO COMMUNITY

• Gross Pay £10,313,986 • Multiplied Income £47,238,057 • Increase 5%

The Scottish Government is confident that in the coming years we can continue to see managed and sustainable growth in the sector, while ensuring high environmental and fish health standards Stuart Stevenson MSP, Environment Minister commenting on the publication of the Scottish Fish Farm Production Survey, November 2011

2011£4,358,618

Methodology and Sample

The research was conducted by means of a self-completion questionnaire created by Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation (SSPO).

With an increasing membership during 2011, SSPO now represents 98% of salmon production, the research continues to be the most authoritative measure of the economic contribution made by Scotland’s salmon farmers. The SSPO membership comprises:

• Finfish Ltd • Grieg Seafood Hjaltland UK Ltd

• Highland Salmon • Landcatch Natural Selection

• Howietoun Fishery • Loch Duart Ltd

• Marine Harvest (Scotland) Ltd • Meridian Salmon

• Migdale Smolt • Scottish Salmon Company

• Scottish Sea Farms Ltd • Torridon Smolts

• Uyeasound Salmon Company • Wester Ross Salmon

The data was gathered at the end of 2011. Details of individual firms’ responses remain confidential and results are reported in aggregate form.

6

98%OF SALMONPRODUCTIONPARTICIPATED INTHE RESEARCH

7

Case StudyHIGHLAND

• The direct employment provided by members of SSPO has risen from 525 in 2008 to 680



• On average, employees remain with their employer for eight years

• Over the last five financial years SSPO member companies have made capital investments in excess of £47.5 million

• Capital investment has increased year-on-year, with £15.4 million made in 2011

• 23% of capital investments between 2006 and 2011 in the whole of Scotland were made in Highland

• Gross pay has increased year-on-year, rising from £11.7 million in 2007 to £17.8 million in 2011

• During the last five years £72 million local wage payments have generated £330 million of economic benefits as money earned locally is spent locally


TOTAL £47,531,312



2008£5,704,516

2006£4,366,657

2007£5,132,798 2009

£8,030,500

2010£8,879,477

2011£15,417,364

Salmon Business Confidence Survey This is the second annual business confidence survey undertaken by SSPO. It is an authoritative insight into the health of the sector and the mindset of senior management running salmon farming businesses in Scotland. The survey covers 14 companies representing 98% of Scottish salmon production.

With salmon production increasing to its highest level in six years, the value of the total output soaring by 30%, a rise in direct employment by 13% during this reporting period and export growth continuing to reach new records since the last survey (December 2010), the already high business confidence levels in the salmon sector have risen further and run counter to the much reported erosion of business confidence in other sectors.

As demand at home and abroad for responsibly farmed, superior salmon remained high during 2011, the market conditions remain favourable for growth. With this in mind, 86% of SSPO member companies have expressed a desire to grow sustainably over the next five years. This represents a 14% increase when compared with the previous year.

With the health of the sector continuing the previously reported upward trend, an increasing percentage of SSPO member companies plan to increase staff over the next five years. With lively public discussion continuing around the prospects of a slowing UK economy and the risk of a double dip recession, an unprecedented 86% of salmon companies are planning to increase employment levels.

86%OF SSPOCOMPANIES PLAN TO INCREASE STAFF OVERTHE NEXT FIVE YEARS

86%

14%

86%

14%

Chart 1: What are your plans for the next five years?

Business Expansion

Keep Business at Present Level

Chart 2: In terms of staffing levels over the next five years what do you plan to do?

Increase Staff

Remain at Present Staff Levels

86%

14%

86%

14%

Chart 1: What are your plans for the next five years?

Business Expansion

Keep Business at Present Level

Chart 2: In terms of staffing levels over the next five years what do you plan to do?

Increase Staff

Remain at Present Staff Levels

Main Findings

The third successive annual increase in production, a rise in direct employment and the increase in value is great news for rural economies and the Scottish economy as a wholeScott Landsburgh Chief Executive, Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation

88 9

In Highland 90 new jobs were created in the last year

Employment by SSPO Member Companies

Direct employment provided by members of Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation, inclusive of farming, processing, sales and marketing, logistics, finance and environmental management, has increased for the second year in a row.

An impressive 272 new jobs have been created since the previous survey. With 2,124 direct employees, this represents an increase of 13% on the previous reporting period. 90% of the jobs are on a full time basis.

The majority of employees continue to be located in the Highlands and Islands, with 1,939 (91%) based in Argyll & Bute, Highland, Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles. The vast majority of the jobs created (229 new jobs) have also been located in these five local authority regions.

However, there has also been an increase in employment outwith the Highlands and Islands as 43 jobs were created in other regions during the last reporting period. The geographical split of direct jobs provided by SSPO members is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 – SSPO Member Company Employees by Local Authority Region

Local Authority Region Number of direct employees % increase on in SSPO member companies previous year

Highland 680 +15%

Argyll & Bute 489 +17%

Western Isles 264 +17%

Stirling 44 +28%

Dumfries and Galloway 13 -7%

Shetland 415 +5%

Orkney 91 +18%

North Ayrshire 1 -83%

Other 127 +48%

TOTAL 2,124 +13%

10

Main Findings

272NEW JOBSCREATEDIN THE LAST YEAR

SSPO Member Company Employees by Local Authority Region

Orkney 91

Shetland 415

Argyll & Bute 489

Highland 680

Western Isles264

Main FindingsTravel to WorkOn a national basis 70% of all the employees lived within 10 miles of their place of work. 86% lived within 20 miles. With the majority of employees living and working in local communities, the money earned locally is spent locally, contributing to the wealth and sustainability of local communities.

Average Years of Employment with CompaniesThe average number of years that employees stay with companies remains high when compared with the UK average: the industry-wide average is 8.3 years; the average tenure in the Highlands and Islands is marginally higher at 8.5 years.

Origin of WorkforceOf the 2,124 jobs in SSPO member companies some 289 (14%) were held by non-UK citizens.

11

The vast majority of jobs created have been in the Highlands and Islands

With 2,124 direct employees, this represents an increase of 13% on the previous reporting period

Financial Contribution to Communities The direct economic impact of the salmon farming sector has increased by 23% as total gross pay from SSPO member companies rose to £53.7 million.

The vast majority of the total gross pay continues to be paid to employees in the Highlands and Islands. £46.7 million, representing 92% of the total gross salaries, was paid to employees in remote, rural communities. The total gross pay in the Highlands and Islands also increased by 21% (£8 million) when compared with the previous survey.

When compared with the first survey of this kind undertaken by SSPO (2006/7) the total gross pay represents a massive 90% increase. Over the last five years the total gross pay has almost doubled, increasing from £28.1 million to £53.7 million.

When the Scottish Government’s income multiplier is applied, every £1 that is paid to employees in the fish farming sector in the Highlands and Islands is estimated to generate a further £4.58 in the local economy.

The economic benefits generated by the £46.7 million local wage payments in the Highlands and Islands and the income multiplier totalled £214 million. This represents a 83% increase when compared with 2006/7.

Table 2 provides national and regional breakdowns of the gross pay alongside multiplied income. Table 3 illustrates the increasing contribution from SSPO member companies to the Scottish economy.

Table 2 – National and Regional Breakdowns of Gross Pay and Multiplied Income

MultipliedLocal Authority Region Gross Pay £ Income % Increase

Highland £17,861,816 £81,807,117 35%

Argyll & Bute £10,313,986 £47,238,057 5%

Western Isles £6,098,939 £27,933,141 36%

Shetland £10,429,441 £47,776,840 11%

Orkney £2,031,778 £9,305,544 16%

Rest of UK £6,941,561 45%

TOTAL £53,677,521 23%

Gross salary data is up to the end of the financial year in April 2011.

12

Main Findings

83%INCREASE IN VALUE TOTHE HIGHLANDSAND ISLANDSCOMMUNITIES OVERTHE LAST FIVE YEARS

12

Table 3 – Increasing Economic Contribution from SSPO Member Companies

Year Gross Pay £

2006/07 £28,177,945

2008 £36,195,889

2009 £43,547,149

2010/11 £53,677,521 The gross pay is up to the end of the financial year in April 2011. As there is a small percentage of tonnage outside of SSPO membership, the economic benefits of the whole of the industry will be even greater.

Main Findings

Orkney £9.3 million

Shetland £47.7 million

Argyll & Bute £47.2 million

Highland£81.8 millionWestern Isles

£27.9 million

Multiplied Income by Region in 2010/11

13

£214MILLION OF BENEFITSFROM DIRECT SALARIESIS INJECTED INTOTHE HIGHLANDSAND ISLANDS

The total gross pay has increased by a massive 90% between 2006 and 2011

Over the last five years the total gross pay from SSPO member companies has increased from £28.1 million to £53.7 million

Levels of Capital InvestmentThe pace of capital investment in the salmon sector increased dramatically during 2010 and 2011. With export growth accelerating, reflecting the increasing market demand and competitive level of sterling, many companies have been well placed to increase investment spending.

Two successive record years of investment have been achieved, with £44.4 million and £47.6 million invested by SSPO member companies in 2010 and 2011 respectively as businesses increased the capital investments in remote, rural economies. The total investment over the last five years is £205.5 million.

Almost all of the £92 million capital investments during the last two years were made in the Highlands and Islands, with 96% injected into Shetland, Argyll & Bute, Highland, Western Isles and Orkney.

The vast majority of the £205.5 million capital investments between 2006 and 2011 have been made in the Highlands and Islands: Shetland (33.5%), Argyll & Bute (17%), Highland (23%), Western Isles (15%) and Orkney (4.5%). Table 4 highlights capital investments by region over the last five years.

Main Findings

£205MILLIONCAPITAL INVESTMENT

BETWEEN2006 AND 2011

2006 - 09 2010 2011 RegionalLocal Authority Region Capital Capital Capital Totals Capital Investment Investment Investment Investment as %

Highland £23,234,471 £8,879,477 £15,417,364 £47,531,312 23%

Argyll & Bute £26,499,449 £4,812,305 £4,358,618 £35,670,372 17%

Western Isles £8,736,039 £12,561,191 £9,696,439 £30,993,669 15%

Stirling £280,000 £136,276 £210,000 £626,276 0.3%

Dumfries and Galloway £1,805,202 £78,562 £322,000 £2,205,764 1%

Shetland £41,767,167 £14,501,267 £12,768,943 £69,037,377 33.6%

Orkney £4,414,052 £2,524,782 £2,431,000 £9,369,834 4.5%

Rest of UK £427,759 £90,000 £1,927,923 £2,445,682 1.2%

Other £6,348,458 £797,204 £509,000 £7,654,662 4.4%

TOTALS £ £113,512,597 £44,381,064 £47,641,287 £205,534,948

Table 4 – Capital Investment Between 2006 and 2011

14

A record £47.6 million was invested in 2011 as businesses strengthened their commitments to the communities and economies in which they operate

15

Expenditure on Suppliers and Services The expenditure on suppliers and services by the salmon sector increased significantly during 2011, leaping by 22% to £435.7 million. This follows a 24% increase in 2010.

With many supplier businesses reliant on a successful, sustainable and profitable salmon sector, other key findings during 2011 include:

• Spending in Scotland was over £320 million, an increase of 24%

• Expenditure in the Highlands and Islands was £144 million, an increase of 50%

• Spending in the rest of Scotland was £176 million, an increase of 8%

• Expenditure in the rest of the UK was £76 million, an increase of 8%

• Spending overseas was £40 million, an increase of 38%

Expenditure on suppliers and services from Scotland’s salmon farmers over the last four years (2008 - 2011) has now injected almost £1.4 billion into suppliers and services (Table 5). Scotland continues to be the major beneficiary with the vast majority (74%) of the industry’s annual expenditure on suppliers and services being made in Scotland (Table 6). This positive supply chain picture contrasts with the sluggish growth rate in the wider UK economy.

Table 6 – Expenditure on Suppliers and Services in Scotland only 2008 -2011

Total expenditure in the Highlands and Islands 2008 -2011 £484,339,732

Total expenditure in the rest of Scotland 2008 -2011 £579,197,314

Main Findings

16

2008 2009

£304,229,283 £296,037,923 £357,931,302 £435,728,223 £1,393,926,731

2010

TOTAL

Case Study

17

ORKNEY • The direct employment provided by members of SSPO has risen from 56 in

2008 to 91


• The increase in direct employment represents an 18% rise on the previous year

• On average, employees remain with their employer for six years

• Over the last five years SSPO member companies have made £9.36 million capital investments

• Nearly £5 million was invested in Orkney in the last two years

• 4.5% of capital investments between 2006 and 2011 were made in Orkney

• Gross pay has risen from under £1 million in 2008 to over £2 million

• During the last five years over £8 million local wage payments have generated £37 million of economic benefits as money earned locally is spent locally

2008£1,094,144

2006£496,405

2007£1,486,503

2009£1,337,000

2010£2,524,782




TOTAL £9,369,834

Table 5 – Expenditure on Suppliers and Services 2008 -2011

2011 2011£2,431,000


TOTAL £69,037,377

Case Study

18

SHETLAND

• The direct employment provided by members of SSPO is 415


• On average, employees remain with their employer for 12 years

• Over the last five years SSPO member companies have made over £69 million capital investments

• 33.5% of capital investments between 2006 and 2011 were made in Shetland

• Gross pay has risen from £5.1 million in 2007 to £10.4 million

• During the last five years almost £43.7 million local wage payments have generated over £200.4 million of economic benefits as money earned locally is spent locally

2008£12,325,381

2006£8,398,631

2007£14,653,064

2010£14,501,267

2009£6,390,091

OverseasDevelopment View

Food exports from Scotland reached record levels in 2010, breaking the £1 billion barrier for the first time. Early indications for the last 12 months are that 2011 has been another great year.

The seafood sector was the single largest contributor to food exports in 2010, with international sales hitting £620 million, representing an annual value growth of 12%.

Thanks to an increasing global appreciation for the product’s premium taste and quality, fresh salmon from Argyll & Bute, Highland, Western Isles, Orkney and Shetland enjoyed a 20% increase in export volumes. With high demand in many of the world’s major cities, from Paris to New York, through to Dubai and Shanghai, seven of the top 10 export markets grew in volume.

With worldwide demand for fish from aquaculture growing fast and an increasing reputation for producing high quality products, Scotland is well placed to meet rising demand across established markets, such as the USA and France, as well as emerging markets, such as the Middle East, Russia and China.

Scottish Development International is wholly committed to supporting the salmon industry’s development in overseas markets and to helping to deliver the Scottish Government’s ambitious target to deliver a 50% increase in exports by 2017.

In Europe, the Middle East and North America, for example, we are focussed on building and strengthening links between producers and buyers for the luxury retail and catering sectors.

Perhaps the greatest opportunity for expediting export performance is in Far East markets, as outlined in The Scotland Food & Drink Strategy for Asia, launched by the First Minister while on a visit to China in December 2011. The strategy aims to help provide Scottish food and drink companies with the resources, knowledge and networks to develop significant sales in the Asia Pacific region.

With a supportive Government, collaborative effort across the industry and an ambitious company base, there is no doubt that sales of Scottish salmon will continue to enjoy sustained growth.

Anne MacColl Chief Executive, Scottish Development International

19



Scottish Development International is wholly committed to supporting the salmon industry’s development in overseas markets

2011£12,768,943


TOTAL £30,993,669

20

WESTERN ISLES • The direct employment provided by members of SSPO has risen from 163 in

2008 to 264



• On average, employees remain with their employer for 7.5 years

• Over the last five years SSPO member companies have made almost £31 million capital investments

• £22.2 million was invested in the Western Isles in the last two years

• 15% of capital investments between 2006 and 2011 in the whole of Scotland were made in Western Isles

• Gross pay has risen from £3.4 million in 2007 to £6.1 million

• During the last three years £21.5 million local wage payments have generated almost £98.8 million of economic benefits as money earned locally is spent locally

2008£3,004,399

2006£1,351,932

2007£329,698

2010£12,561,191

2009£4,050,010

21

Case Study



Between 2008 and 2011 there has been almost £1.4 billion expenditure on suppliers and servicesScott Landsburgh, Chief Executive, Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation

2011£9,696,439

Scottish Salmon Farming Industry Research Report

Documents

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