In Features...

Humanities professor overcomes hardships

to teach the value

of an education

See story on page 6

Volume 101, Number 68

DX1RTAN

LY Puhli.licd tor S.ti) StAtk

In Sports...

SJSU guard rebounds

from cum y to lead league

in scoring

See story on page 6

Tuesday, December 7, 1993

San Carlos closure delayed till June By Kira Ratmansky Spartan Daily Staff Writer

The closure of San Carlos will be postponed to June of ’94 to avoid changing traffic patterns, according to Lori Stahl, director of public affairs.

Starting fall ’94, students will be resting in the shade of trees instead of dodging traffic between Fourth Street and 10th Street.

According to Alan Free-man, director of space man-agement and facilities plan-ning at SJSU, San Carlos Street’s projected closing will take place in June of ’94.

’There’s certain processes we have to go through first," Freeman said.

The university is waiting for the city of San Jose to finish planning the landscape design which will

replace the street. The decision to close San Carlos

Street was made after a series of public hearings between the city of San Jose, SJSU and the Campus Community Association, a neigh-borhood coalition,

With financial help from the city, SJSU plans to develop a pedestrian mall in the closed area, Freeman said.

"We probably will not be able to start construction until the beginning of June ’94," Freeman said.

"We are trying to coordinate the closing of the street with construc-tion."

The pedestrian mall will include benches and up to 900 new trees, according to the campus environ-mental task force report. The clo-sure will ensure safety for the cam-pus community when they cross the

El

street, as well as unification of the campus.

Currently, the campus is broken up by the heavily-traveled San Car-los Street, Freeman said. The new mall will increase the sense of stu-dent community.

The closing of San Carlos Street has met opposition from local resi-dents. They are concerned the clos-ing will congest nearby residential so eets.

April Halberstadt, a member of the Campus Community Associa-tion, said she had mixed feelings about the proposal.

Where I live on 13th Street, the closing turns out to be okay for me," she said. "But I’m a member of the neighborhood and the traffic is a problem for the neighbor-hood."

See CLOSURE. palbse 4

kIONIQUE SC:1-10ENFELD�SP.4RTAN I

Students cross the San Carlos Street intersection in front of the Event Center Monday. San Car-los Street will be closed to traffic in June of 1994.

Polly Klaas remembered by SJSU junior By Gabe Leon Spartan Daily Staff Writer

The tragic ordeal of Polly Maas ended sadly Saturday night, but for one SJSU student, the death was more than a front page head-

line. SJSU Junior Brian Lutz, a

friend to the Klaas family, got involved by becoming a volun-teer the morn-ing after Polly was reported missing.

Lutz, of Sebastopol (about 20 miles north of Petaluma), went home for the weekend when he heard Polly had disap-peared.

Lutz, his father and two of his sisters

Sebastopol during Thanksgiv-ing, the support for Polly had grown tremendously.

"By the time I went home again, the Polly founda-tion had already started and the supeort she had was phenome-nal.

But on Saturday all hopes for Polly’s safe return were shat-

tered when her death was

41 heard the news

about Polly during my shift at Safeway on Saturday. I had a very hard time not breaking down at work’

Brian Lutz SJSU Junior

helped other volunteers distribute flyers of Polly in the Petaluma, Santa Rosa, Sonoma and Sebastopol areas.

Polly’s stepfather Alan Nichol and Lutz’s father are members of the Kiwanis Club, which had a major role in organizing the search for Polly.

’The Kiwanis Club played a huge part in gettini the search off the ground, Lutz said.

"It spread the word to all the Northern California clubs. Flyers were out the next day all over the area. It was so quick, everywhere I went, I saw a flyer of Polly."

When Lutz returned to

announced. "I heard the

news about Polly during my shift at Safe-way on Satur-day," Lutz said.

"I had a very hard time not breaking down at work."

Lutz remembers Polly from his visits to the

Nichol household. "I only met her a couple of

times," he said. "She was well behaved and

she was always smiling." "A person can do all kinds of

weird things but there’s some-thing about killing a 12-year-old girl... It’s so wrong. Tears, rage, questions... That s how I feel," Lutz said while holding the front page of the San Jose Mercury news.

Lutz plans on attending Polly’s funeral and saying his last good-bye to the girl who he, and the rest of the country, have grown to

know. Police have yet to release

details about the case.

Solar science

Aerospace engineering majors Valerie Medina, left, and Felipe Rosendo examine data they’ve gathered from a simulated satellite mission in the electrical power sys-tem laboratory. A solar powered satellite model in the background is rotating and col-lecting energy from quartz lamps. The energy is stored in batteries which are later tested for their discharge rate during a simulated eclipse

Self-study guides campus toward future 1s3xtiamela Cornelison

Daily Staff Writer

While students are wrapping up the semester next week, the SJSU accreditation self-study team will be completing its eval-uations and recommendations of the university’s programs and services.

The Western Association of Schools and Colleges will base its approval or denial of the univer-sity’s bid for accreditation on the team’s report.

According to earlier inter-views with President J. Handel Evans, the self-study serves a dual purpose.

’ ,he process is intended to be an assessment of the universi-ty’s strengths and weaknesses a 1 a tool that will help us plan f ir the future," he said. "It (accreditation) points out at cas that need to be improved, but also areas that need to be applauded."

Fimbel also sees the final self-study document serving as a road map to guide the university in the future.

The 100-member team com-posed of faculty, staff and admin-istrators is organized into six task-force committees, each chaired by a university represen-

tative and dealing with a specific topic. They are:

1. Defining the university � Lidia La Garda Rios, director, Affirmative Action

2. Constituencies served � Lori Stahl, associate director, University Advancement

3. Delivery of the curriculum �Jack Crane, dean, College of Humanities and Arts

4. Supporting the curriculum � Susan Klingberg, librarian

5. Student development � Jim Cellini, director, Student Activities and Services

6. Assessing success � Mina Garman, associate dean, College

of Humanities and Ai ts Elaine Daniels and Adi ’mine

Chang Kwong are the two stu-dents participating in the self study. -Both serve on the com-mittee for supporting the cur-riculum.

Daniels. a jv at. majoring in criminal justi( And psychology, is impressed w ill’ the committee members’ km edge of student issues but ovei whelmed by the complexity of :lir process.

"You can’t ti x one area with-out screwing up another," she said."People have to be more

See ACCREDITATION page 4

Art student could face prison term By Pat Matas

SJSU art student Glen Iwanaga, 29, who was arrested for arson on Nov. 6, will make his plea today in Gilroy Municipal Court.

Originally arrested by the California Depart-ment of Forestry (CDF) surveillance team for setting 26 fires in Gilroy, Iwanaga may face a more strict prosecution based on new informa-tion linking him to additional allegations

"’We actually mapped out a number and found fires unaccounted for," said Steve Barret, investigator for the CDF. "The total count (so far) is 34.

"After going through the process, we’ve given it all to the district attorney," Barret said. ’The DA has not yet made a decision on the number of counts (fires)."

Gilroy District Attorney Thomas Ferry is still compiling information to form the prosecution against Iwanaga.

"He is still in custody as of this moment," said Defense Attorney Mark Becker. ’This looks to be not a particularly easy case."

According to Ferry, the maximum penalty Iwanaga can receive is unclear, pending further investigation.

"(Sc) far) there are three counts � at-son of property, arson of grassland. and a terrorist threat charge," Ferry said.

In addition to setting grassland fires, Iwanaga has also bcen accused of setting fire to a Toyota pickup and sending a threatening letter to a Gilroy neighbor. Ferry refused further comment on the arson of property and terrorist threat charges.

The maximum penalty for arson of property is from 16 months to three years incarceration, while grassland arson is punishable with tip to 6 years in prison.

Compounded with the terrorist threat (�harge, punishable with up to three years in prison, the maximum sentence Iwanaga could serve would be seven years and four months in a state prison. Becker said.

"Bail set at $250,000 has not been changed." FeFIN said. ’They (his family) can put up prop-

k worth twice that or (come up with) cash ilii I igh a hail bondsmen."

cling to Becker, he has compiled infor-Sec ARSON . .,e 4

Relocation of credit union awaits fund-raising efforts By Pat Matas *arum Daih Staff Writrr

SJSU students will he able to borrow money from the Wash-ington Square Federal Credit Union (% SFCU) at its new loca-tion in the student union but l-ing by fall ’94.

"We want to open up two (retail) spaces in the back of the union with doors that open up to the back. One for the (tech( union and the other for maybe a travel agency," said AS President Blair %%juicy

hough plans look hopeful, fundraising for the credit union

still being negotiated. Accord-tug to Whitney, the only obstacle which needs to be dealt with is financing.

’The whole plan would cost $10(),000," Whitney said. "So far we have $75,000 committed, now we have to come up with $25,000 more.

"We’re committed o the pro-ject. We just asked the student union to fund the project and they said no. Now we are looking for other ways to pay for the por-tion they would have covered,"

See CREDIT. page 3 1

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Editorial Bureaucracy falls down

It’s time for politicians to stop talking and start taking action. A homeless woman died last week outside the headquarters of

Housing and Urban Development. As her corpse was being carted away, HUD Secretary Henry Cis-neros was reminding his staff that reducing home-lessness is his agency’s top goal and authorized them to shelter the homeless in the office when possible.

When will it be possible? Would it have been possible last week? Will it be next week?

One wonders how many homeless people will have to die while politicians babble about how to solve the problem of homelessness in the United States.

The homeless woman’s death is an illustration of what can happen under our current system of government by administration. Red tape is strati-glins the people who need help now, not "when passible."

President Clinton is guilty of spewing meaning-less hot air; trying to placate voters while solving nothing. Voters heard Clinton’s campaign brag about the changes he would make if he were elect-ed. Nothing has changed.

"Don’t ask, don’t tell," was not Clinton’s inven-tion � there have always been gays in the military. Gays and lesbians who supported Clinton believed him when he promised a change, but that proved to be just talk.

Nothing has happened with the health care pro-gram he promised. Government doesn’t seem to have been "re-invented" yet, either. Another empty promise.

While politicians waste time chattering and cre-ating ear-pleasing sound bytes for the media, peo-ple are paying outrageous sums of money for health care, denying their sexual orientations to keep their jobs and dying from lack of shelter on the steps of the HUD office.

It’s time for politicians to get something done other than talking.

Forum & Opinion

Forum Page Policies

The SPARTAN DAILY provides a daily Forum

to promote a "marketplace of ideas." Contributions to the page are encour-

aged from students, staff, faculty and others who are interested in the university at large.

Any letter or column for the forum page must be turned in to Letters to the Editor’s box in the SPARTAN DAILY newsroom, Dwight Bentel Hall 209, or to the information booth in the Student Union.

Articles may also be mailed to the Forum Editor, The SPARTAN DAILY, School ofJournalism and Mass Communications, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192.

Articles may be faxed to (408) 924-3282. Articles and letters MUST contain the author’s

name, address, daytime phone number, signature and major. Although not encouraged, names may be withheld upon request.

Contributions must be typed or submitted on a 3.5 inch computer disk using Microsoft Word on the Macintosh. Always bring a printout of your sub-mission.

Submissions become the property of the Spar-tan Daily and will be edited for grammar, libel and length.

DX1Riry

EDITORIAL

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Reporters: Clara Chien. Pamela Cornelison, Bryan Cotton. Daphne Dick. Bill Drobkreivicz. Holly Fmk, Jennder Ikuta, Shari Kaplan. Gabe Leon, Kristin Lomax, Nicole Martin. Pat Matas. Jason Meagher. Jane Monies, Kevin Moore, Carolina Mrs-oder, Kin Rartnansky Kyle Register, Erika Schuman. Ed Stacy.

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MIKE GRAY- SPECIAL TO TT IE DAILY

Why teachers should not care 4What ever happened to

the days when teachers didn’t care about their

students?" John "Shame Train" Marquez asked when I told him a teacher was on my rase.

It’s a question that has been puzzling me ever since he plant-ed that seed in my mind.

The conversation was held earlier this semester here on campus, when I ran into Mar-quez and Tim Westfield. They both dutifully ride the Shame Train twice a week, a term coined by Marquez describing the Highway 17 shuttle bus that runs from Santa Cruz to SJSU.

Marquez and Westfield both are working on their sixth year in college, and like me, have plenty of time to go before they will be unchained from the prison of higher education.

"In the good old days, you could skip class and it would be your own business," Westfield said.

No kidding. In high school, we were prepared for and look-ing forward to the days when teachers wouldn’t be looking over our shoulders.

We would imagine waking up in the morning and saying, "I could go to the beach today instead of class." It was a utopian ideal of what education should be.

Anyone who has attended Cabrillo College can attest to the fact that there are many days in the school year when a beach

run takes precedence over class. So, maybe it can affect one’s

grade point average, and it may take several years longer to get an associate degree than it should. But still, we do compose the top 10% of intelligentsia in the U. S. and we are adults now, right? That’s what they tell us.

Why then, do some professors insist on burning us in front of the whole class about why we haven’t shown up for a few weeks?

"Mister, uhh, what was your name? Are you enrolled in this class?"

’Why then, do some professors insist on burning us in front of the whole class about why we haven’t shown up for a few weeks?’

It would be much more prop-er for them to ignore us, and allow us to attempt to pass the test they will deliver when we don’t expect it.

Since professors aren’t sup-posed to grade you on your attendance, they use the old "class participation" loophole to

nail you. Completely inequitable. No

fair! You know there are times

when we can’t help missing class. Many of us are trying to hold down full-time jobs while we do this school thing. It can be difficult

There are some professors who already know the deal. They’re the ones that don’t pay any attention to you all semester and don’t bother to learn your name. They’re the ones that fill up the classes because every stu-dent that has had the class before recommends it for an easy grade, even though you come to detest the class and the whole learning process.

They’re the ones who make learning completely uninterest-ing.

If you are a teacher that pre-tends to care about your stu-dents, please stop.

I’m sure we’ll all be better off if we can just mosey along through school with no effort.

Matt Smith is a Daily staff columnist. His column appears every other Tuesday.

On Christmas and other subjects Aabahhh, Christmas. It is

finally here. I have the ad luck to be born

early in the new year and haying to wait almost a full year before ripping open Christmas presents like a sex-starved, rabid squirrel.

The only good thing about having a birthday on Jan. 18 is that I do not have to worry about parties and hangovers. Otherwise, I am cursed with delayed-present-opening syn-drome. Oh yeah, Christmas is Jesus Christ’s birthday.

Of course, his birthday is still subject to controversy because the western calendar changed so much. The early western calen-dar was off by many, many days and that forced Pope Gicgory to have a new and more accurate calendar created. We still live by the Gregorian calendar.

That calendar is inaccurate by a quarter of a day but we fix that with leap years. Of course that brings ups question of birthdays on the leap days. Would some-body in his 40 s actually be 10 years old or what? Math geniuses can send me the answer. Back to Christmas.

Every time I Christmas-shop, I go to the fanciest department store in the mall and have them wrap my presents. It is worth five dollars or so per present because the paper is beautiful and some present ornaments look like they should be on the tree, not

on the presents. Plus, my sisters recognize my presents and make appropriate sounds like "whee" and "oohh."

I have four sisters and I am the last child in my family. Therefore, one must buy six pre-sents (one each for parent and sibling) plus three more for two husbands and a nephew. So that eats away at our wallets and purs-es. Of course, one has to buy extra presents for friends and other people in other areas. This year only one sister will fly in.

That sister has a busy Decem-ber. Of course, lam not telling you her name. Never mind, she needs a date so I might as well go ahead and tell you her name. (Name deleted by persons unknown � they respect privacy too much to tell you her name.) She lives in the Dallas area and works for American Airlines.

She is coming to my house to recover from an operation with local anesthesia, a Texan long-neck beer bottle hitting her head.

On other subjects not worth a column, a travel advisory for the traveling students � never fly on any airline with mean and surly stewardesses. If you do, be pre-pared do all the work yourself, including the pre-flight safety and emergency exit speeches to a bored and hostile crowd.

Perth Ambroy, New Jersey, is the foreign designation of the

year. The city has a beautiful New York City skyline and every-thing in New York City London, Great Britain, is the best domes-tic designation for all folks of stu-dent persuasion. London has all of the American inconvenience and almost no American land-marks like malls and fast food.

As for me, I would pick Perth Ambroy over London because nobody ever went there, whereas everybody went to London. So I would go for excitement

Next semester, I am coming back as a full-time columnist! Look for my column every other Wednesdays. The name of the column is "On the Soapbox" and will have a new picture of my face.

Hopefully, the column and picture will have colors like infra-dead, forest fire, radioactive green and other exciting colors.

That is it for today and this semester.

Bill Drobkiewict is a Daily staff writer

SAN losi STAIN Woman SPARTAN DAILY

Letters to the Editor Anyone can ramble

Editor: Several months ago I wrote a letter complaining

about Lynn Benson’s poorly developed thoughts regarding feminism. After reading her final column ("Final musings from a lame-duck columnist," Dec. 1), I feel compelled to write again.

Frankly, I don’t think the faculty adviser is doing a very good job. Adviser, whoever you are: Have stu-dents develop ideas into cohesive pieces of informa-tion whose arguments are supported by history and statistics. Have students define what they believe in and have them express that in their writings. Today, it’s not happening.

Lynn Benson’s column Wednesday is nothing more than a series of ramblings that lead nowhere. The style is dry, disjointed and unfocused. Frankly, it is so poor that I almost feel like it is a waste of time to address the issue. I am very busy and don’t like to waste time but I suspect that I will take more time writing this letter than Lynn Benson did writ-ing her own column. That doesn’t necessarily mean I am a slow writer. It may mean that Lynn Benson hasn’t really developed her ideas.

Anyone can ramble: few can compose. Also, let me remind the staff that precise lan-

guage is extremely important in your field. For example, "We all know what causes AIDS." We do? If so, why no cure? After sifting through the garbage, I discovered that what Benson is really say-ing is that homo- and heterosexual behavior may lead a person to contract the HIV virus from his or her partner. This is a far cry from her claim that we know what causes a person to develop AIDS, a syn-drome which can only develop after the person has already contracted the HIV virus.

I have an idea regarding how the community might improve poorly written columns such as Lynn Benson’s: Maybe we should abstain from reading the SPARTAN DAILY until it cleans up its act. Then maybe they’ll realize that they’re producing more than a stack of by-lines.

David Lyell alumnus, Palo Alto

Santa is a capitalist Editor: A specter is haunting the world - the specter of

Santa Claus. What has been hidden from our eyes for hundreds of years�by lies and a deep reaching conspiracy,� is now painfully clear "Jolly" St Nick is nothing more than a myth meant to legitimize the status quo and the power of the capitalist, elite ruling class. I give you 10 irrefutable reasons why Santa Claus is nothing more that a member of the capitalist oppressor class, guilty of crime against humanity.

Santa is white, european, heterosexual, bour-geoisie and male. He is by all intensive, politically correct standards a clear member of the celebra-tion of "whiteness." Have you ever seen an African-American Santa, or a Hispanic Santa, or a woman as Santa Claus?

Santa controls the means of toy production. He owns interest in all the world’s toy companies and monopolizes distribution during December.

Santa is anti-labor. Elves are clearly a metaphor for child labor. The elves have never been able to form a union, vote, or strike. Santa supported NAFTA because with NAFTA he will be able to get workers that will work cheaper than elves. Elves world under sweat-shop conditions turning out tons of Cabbage Patch dolls and Barney toys. A fate no one deserves.

Santa is guilty of "Phallo-centrism." Mrs. Claus is forced to be a homemaker baking cookies to enlarge Santa’s belly that is constantly seeking new markets. It is Mrs. Claus who does most of the work and Santa gets all of the credit, legitimizing our patriarchal system.

Santa is cruel to animals. Santa wears fur. The reindeer are pumped full of steroids so they can fly and they are required to pull Santa’s weight and tons of presents.The reindeer are also required to make dangerous landings on rooftops in the winter.

Santa demands tribute: what do you think the milk and cookies are for? He also likes spiked eggnog. Where do you think the red nose, cheeks and beer belly come from? If you don’t leave him milk and cookies or eggnog and beer nuts he leaves you coal.

As any other capitalist Santa is out to maximize profits at the expense of the environment His giant toy factories are current sites, spewing waste and filth into sea, land, and sky. Santa also encourages clever cutting by requiring that we all have Christ-mas trees.

Santa is guilty of crimes against indigenous peo-ple. Before Santa discovered the North Pole the Eskimos lived there in harmony.

When Santa tried to force the Eskimos to make ice cream, the Eskimos were forced to flee to Cana-da. Why else would someone live in Canada? The bigger crime is the Eskimos had to learn to speak French.

Santa promotes loyalty to the fascist state. He only delivers toys to kids who are nice. Clearly this is a way to indoctrinate early conformity. Question your parents or the government and Fet no pre-sent Be naughty, or revolutionary no gift. Be nice, or conformist: lots of gifts. If you’re really good, you get war toys so you can grow up and be a part of the police state.

Beware of a jovial guy in red bearing gifts. Did you ever notice that if you take the name Santa Claus and move the "n" two spaces to the right you get Satan Claus. Let’s have an exorcism against cap-italist oppression. Elves, reindeer, trees, Eskimos, children, adults, and Mrs. Claus unite:you have nothing to do lose but your chains.

Edward Guernica senior, politcal science

SPARTAN DAILY San lose State University Tuesday. December 7. 1993 3

SpartaGuide Credit The San Jose State calendar

TODAY CHILD DEVELOPMENT CLUB: Speaker for Credential Program, 3-4 p.m., Sweeney Hall 311, call Paula 378-5908 or Sylvia 288-6489 COLLEGE OF APPUED SCIENCES AND ARTS: Dean of College search, 11:30 a.m., Business Classroom 002, call 924-2400 CAREER PLANNING AND PLACE-MENT: Coop Orientation, 12:30 p.m., Almaden Room, Student Union, call Career Resource Cen-ter 924-6033 Dina AcnoN &LANCE (DAA): General Body Meeting � Police Abuse Organization, 7 p.m., San Jose Peace Center, Call Juan Haro 297-8445 PRSSA (Ram RnAnoNs Siu-DENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA): RØsumØ Workshop with Lupe Zuniga of Career Planning and Placement, Officers Elections and Canned Food Drive, 7 p.m., Costanoan Room, Student Union, call Jessica Johannes, PR Director, (408) 365-8188 RECITAL HOUR -LIVE CLASSICAL MUSIC: Piano and Voice: Bartok, Mozart and Hayden, 12:30-1:15 p.m., Music Building Con-cert Hall, call Joan Stubbe 924-4631 SCHOOL Of ART & DESIGN: Tues-day Night Lecture Series: "The Art of Politics III: San Jose Mer-cury News Illustrators," 5-6 p.m., Art Building 133, call Andy

Ostheimer 924-4328 SCHOOL Of ART & DESIGN: Stu-dent Galleries Art Receptions, 6-8 p.m., Art and Industrial Studies Buildings, call Marla Novo 924-4330 SCHOOL OF ART & DESIGN: Stu-dent Galleries Art Shows, 10-4 p.m., Art and Industrial Studies Buildings, call Marla Novo 924-4330 SYMPHONIC BAND/WIND ENSEMBLE: Concert, 7.30 p m Concert Hall, School of Music, call Dr. Read 924-4645

WEDNESDAY BSU: Hot Links Sale, 11-5 p.m., Royce Hall, 1st Floor, call Kofi Weusi-Puryear 924-6240 JEWISH CAMPUS OUTREACH: Menorah Lighting for 1st night of Hanukkah and Latkas, 5:15 p.m. In Front of Student Union, call Ester Riva Kok in 263-3246 JEWISH CAMPUS OUTREACH: Shabbas Hanukkah, Friday, 4:15 p.m., 722 Torreya Court, Palo Alto, call Ester Rivo Kokin (408) 263-3246 or Rabbi Levin (415) 494-2737 LATTER DAY SAINTS STUDENT ASSOCIATION (LDSSA): Christ-mas Party, 12-1:30 p.m., LDSSA Student Center, 66 South 7th Street, call 286-3313 SJSU STUDENTS FOR CHOICE: Documentary: "When Abortion was Illegal-The Untold Stories," 7 p.m., Guadalupe Room, Student Union, call (408) 236-3487

News Room (408) 924-3280 Fax 924-3282 Advertising 924-3270 Classified 924-3277

From page I

he said. "We might even ask the student union to reconsider."

The credit union, presently on South First Street, started in 1986 as part of the Business 171C class; management of financial institutions. Students work at the credit union without pay, in exchange for laboratory credit and experience.

"Our customers are SJSU stu-dents and people who work there are all from SJSU." said Bonnie Conway, WSFCU vice president and chief financial officer. "You basically learn how to run a financial institution."

"It’s an excellent internship for learning management skills, problem solving and learning how to work together," she said.

According to WSFCU Mar-keting Director Phil Murphy, having the credit union in the student union building would be of great benefit to students.

"Loans range from $500 to $4,000 which is good because banks don’t finance at $500," Murphy said. "Students don’t understand that credit unions give better rates than banks all around."

According to Conway, the new location would mean great business for WSFCU because most students don’t know about the credit union.

"Our biggest problem is our exposure. We want to be on campus so more people can come to know who we are," Conway said.

Though finances are uncer-tain, the AS board is very opti-mistic.

"It should be on campus," Whitney said. "It would be a great service for students. Every-one is real supportive of the credit union."

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Spartan Daily

Candidates Crowd Virginia Senate Race RICHMOND, Va. (AP) � Vir-

ginia voters don’t much like their choices in next year’s U.S. Senate race.

A senator, a governor and a famous ex-Marine were some of the choices.

So the candidates’ list just keeps growing iLS other hopefuls jump into what could shape up as the country’s hottest Senate race.

Democratic Sen. Charles S. Robb is seeking re-election after a first term marred by a federal grand jury investigation and news reports that he attended drug parties while he was gover-nor and had an affair with a beauty queen.

Gov. L. Douglas Wilder, Robb’s longtime nemesis, is chal-lenging him for the nomination.

On the GOP side, retired Marine Lt. Col. Oliver North of Iran-Contra fame has more name recognition than two other contenders, former U.S. Attorney Jay Stephens and for-mer Reagan budget chief Jim Miller.

But Robb, Wilder and North

are all viessed unfavorably by about half of voters, according to a September poll by The Wash-ington Post.

Any race involving them would be close, said Del Ali, a pollster for Mason-Dixon Politi-cal/Media Research.

it’s going to be a question of the lesser of two evils," Ali said. "It might be the most competi-tive Senate race in the country next year."

Robb, once so politically pow-erful that Republicans feared to oppose him, may face still more rivals from within his party.

Republican George Allen’s landslide victory for governor over Democrat Mary Sue Terry, a Robb ally, has emboldened other Democrats to challenge the incumbent.

The Robb-Wilder feud could also be a factor.

The spat goes back to at least 1982, when as a state senator Wilder threatened to run as an independent against then Gov. Robb’s choice for the Democrat-ic U.S. Senate nomination.

During his first term in the

Senate, Robb was investigated for taping and publicly disclosing a cellular telephone conversa-tion between Wilder and a sup-porter.

Robb was not indicted but three aides pleaded guilty to mirror charges.

We have a senator and a gov-ernor who cannot speak to each other,’ said Sylvia (lute, a lawyer seeking the Democratic nomina-tion.

"I’m concerned they will can-cel each other out and make Oliver North the next senator from Virginia."

Dan Alcorn, a lawyer and activist is exploring his own

"It would be very difficult for either Robb or Wilder to defeat Oliver North," Alcorn said.

Even state Democratic Chair-man Mark Warner has not ruled himself out as a candidate.

Former Gov. Gerald L Balks said he has no plans to run but party activists said they believe he could be drafted in the event of Robb’s withdrawal.

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4 Tuesday. December 7. 1993 SAN lost STATE UNIVERSITY SPARTAN DAILY

Accreditation: Students not aware of services From page I

innovative instead of just telling students about ’the cuts, the cuts’. It is hard to see where the money is going. I don’t see extravagance, anywhere."

One of the issues Daniels addressed during a meeting was the inadequate amount of infor-mation going out to students about available services.

"Students are not made aware of what is available to them," she said.

"The system that is used now doesn’t work. There needs to be one central location of resources and information for students."

Daniels also said the university needs to change its perception of

students. ’The university does not look

at students as customers that you need to make happy to keep here," she said.

"Instead, students are looked at as captive clientele, much like the customers of PG&E or Pacif-ic Bell."

Daniels said the lack of stu-dent involvement in the self-study is a weakness in the process.

"It’s like having the fox watch the hen house," she said.

Maynard Robinson, academic vice president and the university’s accreditation officer, said a real effort has been made throughout the self-study process to involve as many students and as broad a constituency as possible.

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"We are a campus that believes in shared governance," Robinson said.

"We want to use these studies and reports not just to satisfy a requirement, but also for institu-tional improvement", he said. "It is difficult to do, but I like to put the financial issues aside and see what we need, and what we want to do."

Robinson said that with limit-ed resources, the university will have to continue to look for ways to do things better.

"We may have to rearrange how we spend our money or how we can raise money," he said.

Nancie Fimbel, director of business graduate programs, has been coordinating the university

Closure From page I

Some neighbors in the associ-ation felt they would benefit from the closing, but others vehemently opposed it, she said.

"It really trashes the neigh-borhood three blocks away from my house," Halberstadt said.

Despite the opposition, Free-man said the hearings had a positive result on the communi-ty. An experimental closure of San Carlos Street in the winter and spring of ’92 did not create any major re-routing problems.

"Everyone is happy campers now," Freeman said. "When we went for the closure, there was no opposition."

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self-study since spring ’93, when she was appointed by then-Acad-emic Vice President Arlene Oker-lund.

Fimbel and the university Steering Committee will write an overview in the spring to bring all six task force chapters together. The final 200-page document will be submitted to WASC by June 15, 1994.

A WASC team will then visit the campus in October as the final step in the accreditation process.

According to Fimbel, the self-study is right on schedule.

"I am pleasantly surprised that everything is going so well," she said. "Everyone is working so hard."

Arson From page

mation for his own investiga-tion and will make the plea decision, with Iwanaga, later today.

"We need time to digest the material that the DA has given us and see where we stand on the case." Becker said. "At this point nothing’s happening right away because we don’t have all the charges from the district attorney"

"Right now, he is charged with these three crimes. It doesn’t mean that he did them. Mr. lwanaga has had no criminal history before." Beck-er said.

Lawyers accused in drug ring granted separate trial

RENO, Nev. (AP) � A for-mer Washoe County judicial candidate and a prominent San Francisco lawyer will be tried apart from other defendants in an alleged multi-million dollar drug ring, a federal judge ruled Monday.

U.S. District Judge Howard McKibben said Reno attorney Jack Grellman and San Francis-co defense lawyer Patrick Halli-nan should be tried separately from seven other defendants accused of participating in an international marijuana smug-gling ring headed by former Lake Tahoe developer Ciro Wayne Mancuso.

"I have no particular appetite to hear two trials," McKibben said.

He added that having the lawyers tried with other defen-dants posed too many legal problems.

One of the defendants, Michael Sears, once was repre-sented by Hallinan in a previ-ous case.

Lawyers for Hallinan and Grellman also argued that details of the drug charges against the other defendants would overshadow conspiracy and money laundering charges levied against their clients, and that jurors would be prejudiced by testimony against the others.

The ruling came during a daylong hearing on pending motions in the case, which was scheduled to begin Jan. 18.

McKibben said he was unde-cided whether one trial would begin after the other had fin-

ished, or if he would hold two separate proceedings at the same time, with one jury hear-ing testimony in the morning and the other in the afternoon.

McKibben also said that a 25. page plea agreement with Man-cuso would be unsealed before the trial begins.

Grellman, 55, is a former Washoe County deputy public defender who ran unsuccessful-ly for a District Court judgeship in 1990.

Named in three counts of a 19-count indictment, he charged with conspiracy for allegedly helping launder drug money, and obstructing justice.

Hallinan, 59, was named in 13 counts.

The indictment alleges he first aided Mancuso’s smug-gling efforts in 1974 by con-vincing another man to accept blame for cocaine charges to protect the conspiracy and its leadership.

It further alleges Hallinan helped launder drug money for Mancuso, forged signatures and coerced witnesses into give misleading information to a federal grand jury.

Mancuso, 44, pleaded guilty in September 1990 to heading a $250 million criminal net-work that imported marijuana from Mexico, Morocco and Thailand with plans to distrib-ute it on the West Coast

He is expected to testify at the trial.

He has yet to be sentenced on his guilty plea to operating a continuing criminal enterprise.

Supreme court to review California death penalty law

WASHINGTON (AP) � The Supreme Court today agreed to decide whether California’s death penalty law is unconstitu-tionally vague.

The justices said they will hear arguments in separate appeals by Paul Palalaua Tuilaepa and William Arnold Proctor to review the state’s use of a list of the fac-tors juries consider in choosing between life and death.

The court’s decision, expect-ed by July, will affect all of Cali-fornia s 375 death row inmates.

Tuilaepa was convicted of the Oct. 6, 1986, shooting death of Melvin Whiddon during a rob-bery of a Long Beach bar.

The jury that sentenced Tuilaepa to death was asked to consider a number of factors, including the circumstances of the crime and other violent crim-inal acts by Tuilaepa and his age.

Tuilaepa contended those fac-tors were too vague.

In upholding Tuilaepa’s con-viction and death sentence, the California Supreme Court said those factors "are not impermis-sibly vague ... simply because they leave the sentencer free to evalu-ate the evidence in accordance with his or her own subjective values."

In the appeal accepted for review today, Tuilaepa s lawyer contended, "If the standard or guideline is not clear, a jury will be unleashed to exercise its unfettered discretion."

Prosecutors urged the high court to reject the appeal, saying, "It is well settled that the facts and circumstances of the defen-dant, his background and his crime are relevant to the sen-tencing decision."

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Police said Proctor, then 20 and just released from a youth rehabilitation program, had strangled the 55-year-old school-teacher on April 21, 1982.

Lawyers for Proctor argue that the state death penalty law is too vague because it doesn’t specify which factors should be consid-ered aggravating or mitigating. His appeal also attacked the state law because it allows an absence of mitigating factors to be con-sidered as an aggravating factor.

"None of California’s 11 listed aggravating and mitigating fac-tors is adequately defined for purposes of the (Constitution’s) Eighth Amendment," Proctor’s lawyers told the court. The amendment bans cruel and unusual punishment.

Five injured when chemicals fall off truck

TEMECULA, (AP) � Bags of chemicals fell from a truck and ignited after they were run over by cars today at a freeway offramp, setting a vehicle on fire and injuring five people, author-ities said.

Local businesses were evacu-ated because of the 9:15 am. chemical spill and fire at the Winchester Road offramp to Interstate 15, said California Highway Patrol Officer John Canning.

The offramp was closed, but the freeway remained open.

The bags, containing ammo-nium phosphate and sulfur, bounced off the flatbed truck as it left the freeway, and a number of cars ran over the bags, said Joanne Evans of the Riverside County Fire Department.

’The exhaust from one of the vehicles ignited the materials’ packing," said Ms. Evans. "The vehicle burned. They couldn’t put water on it because they didn’t know what kind of mater-ial was burning."

Five people were transported to local hospitals. Their condi-6ons were unknown.

It wasn’t known if the victims were all from one vehicle.

4

SPARTAN DAILY San lose State University Features uesday. December 7, 1993 5

Humanities prof proud he’s a coal miner’s son Nancy 1. Zainani Special Unite Spartan ’lady

It was love for his future wife that brought Eugene J. Bernar-dini to SJSU 35 years ago. But it is other kinds of love, of teaching and learning, that keep him here.

Bernardini, 58, is a professor in the humanities department. He looks like a kinder, gentler Sean Connery. His wife, Genie, describes him as "rational."

The son of Italian immigrants who survived the Great Depres-sion, his father took any job, including that of coal miner. Despite his efforts, however, the family was poor.

Some neighborhood children were so hungry they ate chunks of corn starch trying to fill up their stomachs, he said. An apple would be consumed core, seeds and all.

Bernardini felt luckier than most

"We used to have bananas," he said, "and my father would say, ’you don’t eat a whole banana, it’s too expensive. If you’re going to eat a banana, eat half of one and eat bread with it., "

His immigrant experience shapes Bernardini’s teaching method. Doris Donatelli, the department secretary, said Bernardini can be tough, but his students really like -him and learn much from him.

’There are two sides to Gene," she said. "He has a serious side. When he’s really involved in a project you can’t break his con-centration; he’s so intense. The other side is he can be a lot of fun and laughs."

In 1957, while at the Universi-ty of California at Riverside, Bernardini had a "transforming experience." He had spent a few years socializing with outer stu-dents, instead of learning, but while working to pay his tuition, he began to read.

Realizing books have "a lot of interesting stuff," his hunger to learn began and he returned to Riverside, even repeating some courses for no credit just to get more out of them.

After meeting Genie, he fol-lowed her to San Jose in 1958. He completed his bachelor of arts and masters degrees in his-tory at San Jose State. Then he attended Berkeley, where he received a doctorate in Modern European History.

Bernardini began teaching in the history department at SJSU in 1965, but an opportunity to teach permanently in the humanities department.

He enjoys the humanities broad view of art, philosophy and literature. Bernardini said he cannot believe he gets paid

GLORIA ACt \ BA�SPA I \ IL \

Humanities professor Eugene Bernardini has been at SJSU for 26 years.

for teaching what he loves, made, you know damn well "I found out that you could something is connecting in there

actually make a career of this," that’s good and something that’s he says. "I not only get to learn, I important. So I love tea c hing for get to share with others what I’m that reason." learning and thinking and, to Bernardini does not under-some extent, exchanging. What stand students who seek "easy" could be more wonderful in the teachers. world for somebody who’s inter- He asks, "does an athlete ested in learning than to be able choose a coach who says ’skip to go on doing it?" practice this week?’ "

Bernardini said he loves to "That athlete would not be

’Students who get nothing out of a class are wasting their experience here.’

Eugen J. Bernardini himunittel profrinor

watch the transformation in his students as they learn.

"I really love to see good stu-dents who are going through that same process. It’s a delight to see the reaction you get from students. You can see it on their faces and can read it in their papers.

"You can’t help but believe that it’s made, and is making a difference in their lives. Even in some cases where they don’t realize yet what a difference it’s

able to compete," he said. "Stu-dents who get nothing out of a class are wasting their experi-ence here.

"I like to think I’m fair mind-ed and compassionate toward people who are struggling. \I strictness strictness comes from a se’) s,� that you have to work hard at things and that you’re supposed to work hard at things."

His learning hunger is evi-dent in his book-lined office. A stack of envelopes lays on the floor next to his desk, which is covered with papers and phone messages.

Most people would be happy to have the accomplished of Bernardini. but :en ie said her husband could have done much more with his talents in art, music, and academics.

Bernardini regretfully agrees. "I should have done so much

more, he said. "I’ve wasted a lot."

College students can file harassment complaints

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) � College students who claim sex-ual harassment or discrimina-tion by teachers can file com-plaints for damages with the state, California’s civil rights agency ruled Monday.

The Fair Employment and I lousing Commission ruled that the University of California was covered by the Unruh Act, which forbids discrimination by businesses based on sex, race and other categories.

The commission also ruled 4-3, however, that a UC Berkeley graduate student, Amy L Forga, subjected to a series of sexual comments and an uninvited hug by a teacher, was not sexual-ly harassed.

The commission found "a pattern of unwelcome sexual conduct" that was not serious enough to be illegal harassment.

The commission rejected arguments by UC and the Uni-versity of Southern California, which was not directly involved in the case, that the state civil rights law did not apply to col-lege students.

Under the ruling, students can file complaints with the state Department of Fair Employ-ment and Housing. If the department does not settle or dismiss a complaint, it will rep-

resent the student before the commission, which can award damages and issue orders against future harassment.

One issue the commission did not resolve was under what circumstances a college would be legally responsible for harass-ment by a teacher.

The Department of Fair Employment and Housing had argued for automatic liability.

If a college was responsible for any harassment by a teacher, "the university would practically have to monitor all faculty-stu-dent interactions," said Melvin Beal, a lawyer with UC’s general counsel’s office. "There would be a tremendous interference with the traditional teacher-stu-dent relationship."

He also noted that even before the ruling, students in federally funded colleges could file discrimination complaints with the U.S. Department of Education.

Elizabeth Sandoval, a lawyer with the Department of Fair Employment and Housing, said the departmet it was disappoint-ed that Forga had lost her case but pleased with the ruling that "the Unruh Act applies to sexu-al harassment of students in the university setting."

Forga’s complaint against

John Haves, a lecturer in Neat Eastern Studies, covers a period between May and November 1989.

Among other things. Forga said Hayes insisted that she translate in class an Arabic word that meant "vagina," a meaning that was unrelated to the lesson; that he sent her a ceramic object five months later that related to the incident; that he repeatedly complimented her appearance; that he told her about having sex with a girlfriend in his class-room; and that he approached her from behind one day and hugged her just above her breasts before she pushed him away.

Forga complained to the department chairwoman, who offered to help her but also commented that "men will he men," the commission said. Forga confronted Haves later the same day, 10 days after the hug, and the tear het ilpi,logited and engaged in no further offensive behavior, the commis -slot’ said.

Investigations by the universi-ty and the faculty found no sex-ual harassment. Forga. emotion-ally distraught by Hayes’ con-duct and angered at the univer-sity’s response, di ripped tun of school in March 1990,

Prosecutor urges sentence for molester NEW BEDFORD, Mass. (Al’)

� A prosecutor urged today that former priest James R. Porter spend up to 40 years in prison for on &sting children in the 1960s, and one of his victims pleaded that the man "needs to be stopped."

Pouter pleaded guilty Oct. 5 to 27 charges of indecent assault and battery of a child under 14, as well as 14 related charges. As Porter wiped away tears, many of the 28 adults he admitted molesting as children were allowed to speak today.

Addressing Superior Court Judge Robert Steadman, victim Peter Calderone said: "I have no trust in anyone, your honor, including the court system." He said Porter’s crime "is still as serious as if it happened 30 days ago or SO seconds :pi."

’’Ibis individual needs to be stopped." Calderone said. "A strong message needs to be sent.,’

"When I would scream, he would put his hand over my mouth so no one will hear me," said another victim, Daniel Lyons. "Today, I’m heard."

Prosecutor Renee Dupuis urged that Porter, 58, be sen-tenced to two come( ittive 18- to 20-year sentences for the molestatior is in Roman Catholic parishes in Massachusetts in the 1960s.

The maximum sentence could be as much as 200 years in prison.

Defense lawyer Peter DeGelleke recommended Porter be sent for treatment to Minnesota, where he now hr with his wife and four chit&

lear 1) the overall interests of society would be best protect-ed, not by jailing Mr. Porter, but by requiring him to c omplete this rigorous program and by subjecting him to close supervi-sion," DeGelleke wrote in his sentencing recommendation.

If he is sentenced to up to 40 years, Porter would be eligible for par ole after 12 years.

But the Parole Board rarely grants early release to sex ()Reticle’s.

At the time Porter pleaded guilty, prosecutors said as many as 125 men and women had come forward, willing to testify that Porter had molested them when they were children.

Porter was convicted last year in Minnesota of molesting his children’s baby sitter. lit recehyd a six-month jail term.

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Experience San Jose’s Hispanic heritage at this annual holiday celebration. The traditional Los Po.sadas pageant features a candlelight procession of costumed musicians and singers re-enacting Mary and Joseph’s search for shelter. Mariachi groups, folkloric dancers, free children’s goodie bags and Santa Claus will add to the entertainment. South First Street between San Carlos and Post Streets; free; 295-2265, ext. 483.

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Stop by the San Jose Institute of Contemporary Art to discover books as works of art. Eighteen artist have created new books from the unlikeliest of materials in this original exhibit. 45/ S. First Street; Tues. - Sat. noon - 5 p.m; Thurs. until 8 p.m.; 283-8155.

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8 Tuesday, December 7, 1993

PHYSICAL SCIENCE GENERAL EDUCATION LAB

JUST ADDED FOR SPRING 1994!!

METEOROLOGY 110B ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LAB

This one unit laboratory class Is designed for Environmental

Studies _oumaiism Education and Liberal Studies Majors

Meteorology 10 is a pre- or CO-reguisit for this lab.

Metr 1108 Section: Units: Code: Time: Day: Instructor:

Atmospheric Science Lab 31 1.0 20097 1730 - 2015 Thursday Dr. K. P. MacKay

1111 h 1 I DI 1 NION OF SAN JOSE STATE I01s11) state University Auxiliary Organ:�, .

BALANCE SHEETS. law 30. 1993 and 199:

ASSETS

Current aSSCIN Cash and cash equoalents 5 436.048 5 997.749

Shoo tern insestments 1,040.07: 198.000 Accounts receisabie 88.944 99.087 ,-coaol expense, and other current assets 16.548 51599

Total current assets I 581 61’ j.,316.2.25

Total assets 11../IL1112 ’i1.1.34:11 LIABILMES AND FUND BALANCE

Current habthues Accounts parable 362.102 232.987 Accrued patrol and related expenses 330.462 276.279 Deferred resenue current 13.350 24.245 Deposits 32 573

Total current liabilities 738.487

__,7,1.4.13

556.926

Deterred re�enue_ longterm 55,000 66.000

Fund balance 788 l’5 703 109

Total liabilities and fund balance 11.5.11�I:

Note: Complete financial statements are available for review in the Student Union Director’s Office.

NW ....... PPIPP1191.

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IN HONOR OF FINALS WEEK, LET’S HAVE A LITTLE QUIZ

,

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1/ow do you add 10 study hours to an already-full week?

Take the Hwy. 17 Express bus to .chool and study on the way!

( Hwy. 17 Express Late-Night Service to begin Jan. 26 for Spring ’94 semester!

Departing Third & San Fernando Streets at 915 & 10:15 p.m. single fare: 52.25/day pass: 54.50/ monthly pass: $55 at A.S. New schedules are being printed now. For

schedule information, phone 321-2388.

This ad funded by West Valley Charter

Sports THE BIG GUN Guard Terry Cannon rebounds from injury to lead the Spartans

By Pat Matas Spartan flails Sufi Wnter

Terry Cannon, senior guard for the SJSU basketball team, gives God all the credit for his accomplishments.

Cannon has been a Christian for the last six years.

"I would never hide the fact that I am a Christian," Cannon said. ’That’s what gives me hope. It’s my encouragement, my back-bone so to speak."

During his fifth year at SJSU, Cannon has achieved much in his basketball career.

On Saturday, he completed two free throws in the last few seconds of the game, clinching a 69-67 victory for the Spartans against Fresno. Cannon led SJSU in scor-ing with 14 points.

Cannon has led the team in scoring every game this season. He had 19 points against Santa Clara on Dec. 1 and 14 against Mel-bourne Magic on Nov. 16.

Leading the Spartans is nothing new to Cannon. In

There’s not too many things in my life that have made me cry.

"At the time it seemed as though you could never really see the positive," Cannon said. "It took so much effort to get back to this situation now, to be able to play. I can do nothing more than to thank God and glorify Him."

According to Jason Allen, Cannon’s roommate and junior forward for the team ,Cannon used his time in the hospital to reflect on his faith and rethink his priorities.

"He took it (his injury) like God was sending him a mes-sage," Allen said. "I don’t know if

there was a par- ticular lesson.

’I consider my personality to be like a Jekyll and Hyde. When I’m on the court, I’m so consumed by winning, my personality is engulfed. I’m not the same off the court.’

Terry Cannon sisu guard

the 1992 sea-son, he was the team’s leading scorer with a 13.0 average through the first 17 i:unes.

He was fifth in Big West free throw accuracy (82.3 percent) and was named Big West Player of the Week.

During the 1992 season, Can-non suffered a knee injury dur-ing the middle of a game that resulted in a six-hour surgical procedure.

As a result of tendonitis in his left knee, Cannon would over-compensate his moves by shift-ing his weight to his right leg.

While coming down on a rebound, he hyper-extended his right leg and damaged liga-ments. During his two weeks in the hospital, Cannon said he only had one hour of sleep a night because of pain.

"When I was first injured I didn’t even want to play again," Cannon said. "During rehab, the pain was so (bad) that I cried.

If there was, it was an ’I’m not invincible’ lesson."

Despite his career-threat-ening injury, Cannon was determined to make a come-back into bas-ketball.

"He was so down, but his inner-strength character just carried through," said Basketball Coach Stan Morrison. "He was diligent,

determined and came roaring back.*

In 1989, Cannon led his Cren-shaw High School team to the California state high school Divi-sion I championship. He was named "City Player of the Year" by the Los Angeles Times.

"I consider my personality on and off the court to be like a Jekyll and Hyde," Cannon said. "When I’m on the court, I’m so consumed by winning, my per-sonality is engulfed. I’m not the same off the court"

Allen recognizes Cannon’s competitive edge.

"On the court he’s real intense, all business. You may not like him that much," Allen said. "Off the court he’s a nice guy, joking all the time."

According to Morrison, Can-non is back in action and is look-ing forward to a great year in bas-ketball.

"Cannon is an uncanny bas-

CAREER SlARS11CS 8eisa C FerfriA PCt. FTflA Pct. FIFE An. A As Pts. 1980 28 15-152 42.8 37-40 75.5 40 1.9 73 2.8 179 18 1191 27 127-285 47.8 48-68 77.8 78 2.8 82 3.0 338 12.8 1882 17 75-218 34.7 51-82 82.3 52 8.1 45 2.8 221 13.0 1808 Redelirt

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Sports Quiz

Last week’s quiz: A Who was the last

SJSU men’s basket-ball player to score 30 or more points in a game%

Answer: Terry Cannon

He scored 31 points against University of the Pacific on Feb. 14, 1991.

San lose State University SPARTAN DAILY

minus BY MATT WALLIS-SPARTAN DAILY

Spartan guard Terry Cannon stretches before practice Monday in the Event Center. Cannon has led the team in scoring this season.

ketball player," Morrison said. "He has ability to get a shot off against much taller players. He has great instinct for the ball and great hand quickness.

"Terry has gone through a really interesting metamorphosis in his five years at San Jose State," Morrison said. "His intellect has obviously grown. He’s someone with real depth of personality.

"He recognizes that commu-nication is not based on agree-ment, but based on understand-

ing," Morrison said, indicating a major step for Cannon in becoming a strong leader. "As a result, just because we don’t agree on something doesn’t mean that we still can’t be friends.

"He’s still a little rusty from the trauma of his 18-month lay off," Morrison said. "Very few of us had ever heard of a six-hour knee operation. I found him to be very diligent in his rehab work. I m really impressed."

Terry Cannon, right, guards Alfonso De La Nuez during a drill at practice Monday. Cannon, a senior, is a communications major.

Women’s Top 25 announced for week of Dec. 5 (AP) The Top 25 women’s basketball teams as

compiled by Mel Greenberg of the Philadelphia Inquirer based on the votes of 65 women’s coach-es, with first-place votes in parentheses, records through Dec. 5, total points based on 25 points for a first-place vote through one point for a 25th-place vote and previous ranking:

Record Pts Psi I. ’Tennessee (65) 3-0 1,625 1 2. Iowa 3-0 1,540 2 3. Texas Tech 4-0 1,500 3 4. Auburn 5-0 1,421 4 5. La. Tech 3-1 1,265 6 6. Penn Si 2-0 1,258 7 7. North Carolina 3-0 1,130 8 8. Virginia 4-0 1,086 10 9, Colorado 5-0 1,068 11 10. Vanderbilt 3-2 1,061 5 11. Stanford 1-2 928 9 12. Southern Cal 3-0 899 IS

13. Ohio St. 2-1 14. Kansas 4-0 15. (:onnecticut 4-0 16. Alabama 4-() 17. SW Missouri 1-1 18. Geo. Washington 3.0 19. Steph. F. Austin 2-1 20. W. Kentucky 1-2 21. Georgia 2-1 22. Purdue 3-1 23. Maryland 3-1 24. IICIA 3-0 25. Oklahoma Si. 2-1

822 780 651 604 501 430 388 352 322 313 212 157 142

14 15 18 19 20 21 16 12 17 23 24

25

Correction In Monday’s paper, volleyball player Crista Koch was

incorrectly identified as suffering a stress fracture and missing a large part of the season. Cnistin &mum suf

fered the injury during the seaum.

NEIL

A

SPARTAN DAILY San 1os4 State University World Events Tuesday, December 7. 1993 9

a

a

0 Mail terror shatters peace in Austria

VIENNA, Austria (AP) - A mysterious wave of letter bombs, one of which wounded Vienna’s mayor, is wor-rying leaders of this country struggling to absorb an influx of immigrants from unsta-ble eastern Europe.

The tenth such de-vice since late last week injured a young secre-tary last Monday. Three more letter bombs, including ones address-ed to a Cabinet minis-ter and an opposition politician, were detect-ed before being opened and defused.

Police have made no arrests in the bomb-ings. But they said the attacks were the work of one or more right-wing radicals, apparent-ly angered by the refugees in Austria. The letter bombs have been the same size and

carried the same kind of postage stamp.

Peaceful and tidy Austria borders former Yugoslavia, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. Tens of thou-sands of refugees from the Yugoslav war have come to Austria, and thousands from eastern Europe and the Middle East have come for a better life.

While most of the letter bombs have been addressed to promi-nent personalities in politics, the media or relief work, last Mon-day’s explosion occur-red in a downtown attorney’s office.

It was not clear why the office of lawyer Guenther Dallinger was targeted, but he is reported to have spo-ken out for the integra-tion of foreign children into Austrian schools.

Classified The SPARTAN DAILY

makes no claim for products or *Wass advertised below nor Is there any guaranbse Implied. The classified columns of the Spartan Daly consist of paid advertising

and offerings are not approved or verified by the newspaper.

ANNOUNCEMENTS WANTED: Psychology Volunteers Reach out 4 hours per week as a Communrty Friend, providing social support to those who endure mental illness. We train. Call (408)436-0606.

NEW STUDENT DENTAL PLAN: Office visas and mays no charge.

SAVE MONEY and your teeth. Enroll nowl

For brochure see A.S. Office or call (800)655-3225.

100% PURE ADRENAUNE Experience the thrill of free falling from 10,000 feet at the Bay Area’s only skydiving center. Come join us for a tandem jump and enjoy your first skydive with only 45 minutes of training. For the true thrill seek-er, try an accelerated freefall course and find yourself on the fastest road to becoming a certified skydiver, starting with a six hour class and a mile long freefall the same day. Videos of your jump also available. Owned and operat-ed by SJSU students and grads. For more info call (510)634-7575.

MODEL SEARCH MAGAZINE You need exposure to succeed in 8100EUNG. Now you can put your photo and information in front of 100’s of the top advertising agencies NATIONWIDE! Your chance to be seen!!! Call TOM for details. (408)249-9737.

AUTOMOTIVE AUTO INSURANCE

Campus Insurance Service Special Student Programs Serving SJSU for 20 years

"Great Rates for Good Drivers" ’Good Rates for Non-Good Drivers"

SPECIAL DISCOUNTS "Good Student ’Family Mulfi-car"

CALL TODAY 296-5270 FREE QUOTE NO HASSLE

Noci OBLIGATION Also open Saturdays 9-2.

$50.00 STUDENT DISCOUNTI ASTORIA INSURANCE BROKERAGE Auto, Jet Ski. Motorcycle, Boat, Home owners Insurance. ’Alumni" serving "Students" ...Talk to me, I’ll help you. DUI? Accidents? Suspended Lic? Call me, (Don) 408-247-3734. Open cm Sat/Sun with appt. only!

ELECTRONICS QUALITY USE IBM COMPAINIES 286/386/486 Great Low Pnces

Complete Systems / Waaanty Cd 14002002007.

FOR SALE ROYAL-TREK INTERNATIONAL presents fine fragrances from Pans Perfumes. Versions of. Chanel No 5, Obsession, Opium, Beautiful, Joy. Eternity, Shalimar, Oscar de la Renta, Red, Giorgio, Poison, White Linen, Pssion, L’Air du Temps, Holston, Samsara, Realities, Spellbound, Escape & Lauren. 1/2 oz. $15./bottle, 1 oz.-$20. bottle. Great for yourself or gift giving.All perfumes guaranteed to your satisfaction. We challenge you to tell the difference from the original. To order, send your check with sales tax, add $3.00 shipping to: Royal-Trek Intl. 433W. Allen Unit 102, San Dimas, CA 91773. (800) 876.1668.

GREEK � LARK VICTORIAN HOME �

6 bedrooms / 3 full baths, with big IMng room & kitchen.

Plus detached 2 bdmt, 1 bath w/ LR & When.

Recent remodel. Near SJSU. Previously a Fraternity House. Dan: 408/999-5626 x239.

HELP WANTED DELIVERY PERSON NEEDED. THE SPARTAN DAILY is accepting applizatidris for Sprig ’94 semester. � HOURS: 7:00 am -9:00 am. � DAYS: Monday through Friday. � PAY: $10.00/day. Paid monthly. � DUTIES: Deliver the Spartan Daily to distribution locations CC canpus& recycle old newspapers into the campus recycling bins. Cal. License & DMV printout is required, if hired. Apply at the Spartan Daily, Dwight Bentel Hall, Room 203, now through January 19, 1994. For info: call 924-3277 or 9243283.

DRIVES NEEDED for restaurant delivery in the San Jose area. Part-time and evenings available. Earn 58.-$12./hour. Must have own car & clean DMV. Call 408/280-2700.

TYPIST NEEDED. MAR TUESDAIS 49 p.m. only. Must type 75 WPM & have excellent English. grammar & spelling skills. 408,280.7203.

FAST FOOD- NOT FAT FOOD! Pasta Mia is currently seeking outgoing, friendly people with cashier and/or cook experience to join us on the cutting edge of the 90’s health revolution. Contact Dave between 3-5pm. at 435-7300 for further info.

SALES / MANAGEAIENT positions available for career oriented Individual in the health fitness field. America’s Best corporation has had over a 900% growth rate over the past 4 years and has locations throughout the entire bay area. If you are an eager & self motivated individual looking to start off right, we will give you a chance. Salaries, commissions, bonuses, trips & benefits. 14K -31K annual. Please fax your resume to (510) 713-0850 and call 1.800-883-KICK. Ask for Mr. Berryessa.

ACUFACTS, INC. Security Guards / Patrol Officers

Needed Now! Full time / Part time. NI shifts.

Apply Mon.- Fri. 8am. � 6pn. 555D Meridian Ave., San lose.

(408) 286-5880.

�SMALL WORLD SCHOOLS‘ Now hiring teachers & substitutes for school age child care programs arid preschool programs. Teachers and subs must have minimum 6 units in education, recreation, or child development. Full and part time shifts , job sharing and flexk ble hours for students. $6.. $8. per hour. Medical, dental, and eye care benefits for 30+ hours week-ly. Great job for male or female students. Call 408/257-7320.

COUNSELOR / DIRECT CARE staff to work with D.D. adults

in a residential setting. 56.00/hr. 510426450S.

DELIVERY - TAKEOUT TAXI The perfect college job! We deliver dinner from the area’s favorite restaurants. You can expect to earn at least $9.00 per hour. Jobs available in South San Jose and Cupertino. Requirements: Clean D.M.V., own car, insurance, neat appearance & good attitude. � Flexible Evening Hours � Good Environment � Cash Tips daily Call today 369-9400.

BILINGUAL JAPANESE? We urgently seek bilingual Japanese staff to assist with computer SW translations. Send resume, in English, to SimulTrans, 145 Addison Pus Palo NM, CA 94301.

SECRETARY, COMPUTER & communication skills. Depend-able & Professlonal. $9.504 near SJSU. Cell: 998.7399 or Fax resume 998.7398.

e Caldera addresses nation as president elect

CARACAS, Venezuela (AP) - Pres-ident-elect Rafael Caldera promised Mon-day to follow through on a campaign pledge to end an unpopular tax and defended his plan to give himself the power to dissolve Con-gress.

But a day after a nar-row election victory gar-nered him the office he held 25 years ago, Caldera declined to say whether he would par-don military rebels who staged two coups last year that killed more than 300 people.

The coups marred the country’s recent his-tory of democracy. Some feared as recently as two months ago that Sunday’s elections would be postponed or canceled; or would fan social unrest and, possi-bly, a third coup attempt.

WAITPERSON NEEDED. Food & cocktails.

Evenings & weekends. Salary & tips.

Apply in person. BRITANNIA ARMS,

5027 Almaden Expy. San Jose.

Need edam MOIEY trite HOUDAYS? F/T and P/T sales positions avaik able for expanding health and fit-ness company. Cal 408/9883243,

SPORTS AND FITNESS Immediate openings!

(408) 554-945L

POSTAL JOBS AVAILABLE! Many positions. Great benefits. Call 1.800.436-4365 ext. P-3310.

LEARN TO BE A LOAN OFFICER. Excellent ground floor opportunity. You could be making up to $35,000. your first year! To learn how, call 378.8088 for an appointment or fax 378-8089.

MURRY: FULL OR PART TIME Full training. $7.00- $8.00 /hour. � Weekly Pay checks � Excellent Benefits � Credit Union � Medical/Dental Insurance � Vacation Pay � Referral Bonus Apply: Monday- Friday 8 am.-5 pm. �� Vinguerd Security Services �� 3212 Scott Blvd. Santa Clara, CA 95054. Near 101, at San Tomas Expy. & Olcott. Equal Opportunity Employer.

REED’S SPORT SHOP- looking for retail sales: ski -bike-gun dept. Also looking for experienced cashiers. Contact Jim - 926.3020.

OFFICE ASSISTANT NEEDED for filing, typing, word processing & phones. $7.85 per hour. 10- 20 hours per week. Ability to use Macintosh. Contact Frederick J. Ferrer. 998.1343

ALASKA SU866IER EMPLOYMENT - fisheries. Many earn $2.000+ /mo. in canneries or $3,000.-$6,000+/mo. on fishing vessels. Many employers provide benefits. No exp. necessary! Get the neces sary head start on next summer. For more info. call 1-206-545-4155 ext. A6041.

AA CRUISE & TRAVEL JOBS. Earn 52500/mo + travel the world free! ( Europe, Hawaii, Caribbean, Asia!) Cruise lines now hiring for busy holiday, spring and summer seasons. Listing Service. Call (919) 929-4398 ext. 193.

HOUSING FEMALE WANTED TO SHARE 3 bdrm./2 bath apt. in Willow Glen. $295./mo. with carport. Nonsmoker. Call 923.2769.

� LARGE VICTORIAN HOME � 6 bedrooms / 3 full baths,

with big living room & kitchen. Plus detached

2 bdrm, 1 bath w/ LR & kitchen. Recent remodel. Near SJSU. Previously a Fraternity House.

Dan: 408/999-5626 x239.

� 1 BEDROOM APARTMENTS � Bright & airy with big windows, air conditioned, mini blinds, new hot -point appliances including dish-washer. disposal. Intercom build-ing, covered, gated parking, on site laundry. Quiet, OK for 2 room-mates, nice for staff. 1 block from campus Run $650./rno.21174106.

780 S. 11TH STREET APTS. 2 bedroom./2 bath start $745. 1 bdrm. /1 bath. $595. Walk or ride bike to school. Very clean, roomy & remodeled. Secured entrance. Laundry facilities. Cable TV. Ample parking, Call 288.9157.

STATE HOUSE APARTMENTS. 2 bed/2 bath apt. available now. 4 blocks front campus. Free cable TV, water & garbage. Off street parking available. Several units starting at 5675.00/mo. Call Dan at 295.5256.

The issue is "deli-cate," Caldera said, adding that his task as commander-in-chief is to heal rifts in the ranks.

"I consider the need is to restore the sense of a true democracy ... such as that of Mr. Lin-coln - by the people, with the people and for the people," said Caldera, referring to Abraham Lincoln.

Caldera, who was president from 1969 to 1974, pledged to run an honest government that would look out for the interests of the working poor, a catego-ry that includes most Venezuelans. Caldera has been active in Venezuelan public life for half a century as a congressman, labor activist, author, law pro-fessor and president.

He will be inaugurat-ed on Feb. 2.

ROOMS AVAILABLE ON CAMPUS for fac. staff or grad. students. Very nice. Large. Clean & quiet. Share kitchen & bath facilities. 2931735.

UVE DOWNTOWN in 1 bdrm, full bath. Large skylights & windows over looking 2nd Street, near campus. $575.00 mo. Cats OK. Call Monica 2924783.

QUALITY OF LIVING 8 STUDY Willow Gardens Apartments 1750 Stokes Street. 998-0300. The best in Willow Glen area. Spacious 2 bdrm./2 bath & 3 bdrm./2 bath. Recreation room w/wet bar, fitness center. pool & saunas. For move in special, call 408/998-0300.

STUDIO FOR 1. With sleeping MR. No pets. $490./rro.nci.LO+$300. sec. dep. Parking. Call 259-7040.

GATEWAY APTS. 2 blocks from campus.

2 bd./2 be.. 900-1,000 sq. ft. Ideal for up to 4 students.

Free cable. Underground parking. Security gates. Game room. Laundry room. 4th & William. Rents starting at $750./mo.

Call mgr. 947-0803.

2 BDRM APARTMENT $750/MO. � Security type building � Secure panting � Close in � Modern building � Free Basic Cable service � Laundry room Village Apartments. 576 S. 5th St. (408)295-6893.

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CUSTOM T-SHIRTS IN 44 DAYS! If you are looking for silk screening quality at competitive prices, look no further. Century Graphics prides itself on quality work, quick turn around and a positive happy staff. Call for quotes at 9684351. Thanks!

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WRITING ASSISTANCE any subject. Why suffer and get poor grades when help is just a call away? Harvard Ph.D. (former college teacher) assists with research & writing. Tutorial also avail. Friendly. caring. confidential. Regular visits to your campus. Samples & references available. Foreigners welcome! Call today for free phone consultation: 1.800606.8898 ask for Daniel.

U.S., EC trade chiefs open make-or-break negotiations on GATT deal

BRUSSELS, Belgium (AP) - The United States and the European Community began make-or-break negotiations to-day on agriculture, films and other trade issues that will like-ly decide the fate of world trade talks.

U.S. Trade Representative

Mickey Kantor arrived at the headquarters of the 12-nation trading bloc for what was wide-ly expected to be the final round of bargaining with his EC counterpart, Sir Leon Brit-tan.

He told reporters chances of a deal between the giant trad-

ing partners were "pretty good. ’

An accord on the tough farm problem could pave the way for conclusion of the 116-nation Uruguay Round of trade talks sponsored by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or GATT.

NEED COLLEGE/CAREER INFO? Use counselor, M.A., local college exp. Each call treated as individual appt. Additional info mailed. If I don’t have the answer to your question. I’ll get it and call you back! Call 900-505-CCIS. 95$/m in. Mon.-Thurs. 2-8 pm. Recorded info 24 hours/day. 10% of net profits support local educa-tion programs. College Career Information Services.

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10 Tuesday. December 7. 1993 SAN lost STATE UNIVEUSIry SPARTAN DAILY

Scientist pinpoints time of giant volcanic eruption

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) � A giant volcanic explosion in the South Pacific described in 15th century legends actually occurred in early 1453, affect-ing the siege of Constantino-ple, an astronomer said Mon-day.

The explosion broke a large island in half, creating the islands of Tongoa and Epi, which are now separated by Kuwae in the New Hebrides volcanic arc, about 1,200 miles east of Australia.

It also created a giant sub-merged crater � measuring 7 miles by 4 miles and a half mile deep � and blew about 10 cubic miles of rock and dust into the atmosphere, according to a paper submitted by Dr. Kevin D. Pang to scientists attending the American Geo-physical Union meeting Mon-day in San Francisco.

"The eruption, equivalent to two million Hiroshima-type atomic bombs, changed the world’s climate," Pang said in a telephone interview Monday. He estimated the size of the explosion by calculating the amount of energy needed to blow the material into the earth’s atmosphere.

The explosion impacted a great battle raging half a world away � the siege and fall of Constantinople in the spring of 1453, concluded Pang, a scien-tist at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena.

The Ottoman Turks, led by Sultan Muhammad II, laid siege to the city on April 5, 1453, and conquered the last bastion of the once-mighty Byzantine Empire on May 29.

On May 25, it was impossible to stand up against the hail, and the rain came down in such torrents that whole streets were flooded, according to his-toric accounts.

In narrowing the date of the explosion to early 1943, Pang

cites u Op records from China along with detailed descrip-tions of the weather written by observers during the siege.

He also cites scientific evi-dence of abnormally narrow rings on British portraits from 1453-55 due to stunted wood growth at the time.

The wood damage from frost was also found in Ameri-can, Scandinavian, French and Chinese pine wood starting in 1453, he said.

In addition, Pang said large amounts of volcanic acid dated between 1452 and 1460 have been found in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores.

Pang said the extensive find-ings indicate "the climatic change was probably global."

"The new date is much more precise than previous ones based on tribal genealogy and carbon dating which place the explosion in the middle of the 15th century," Pang said.

In Sweden, corn tithes fell to zero as the crops failed and in China, according to Ming Dynasty history, relentless snow damaged wheat crops in the spring of 1453. Later that year, according to the records, dust obscured sunlight.

"Several feet of snow fell in six provinces; tens of thousands of people froze to death," Pang said.

Historians note Constan-tinople’s gardens produced lit-tle that spring.

Residents during the siege thought there was a strange light due to reflection from a fire set by Turkish attackers. Pang believes, however, the light was an optical illusion due to the reflection of intensely red twilight glow by clouds of volcanic ash high in the atmos-phere.

Many such false fires were reported worldwide after the 1883 Krakatoa eruption in Indonesia. I 12,15, 24, or 36 exposures

Any Size Roll � 3" or 4" prints 4 99 lExpirvs 12/9/93 1. =I I

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Jury orders Zsa LOS ANGELES (AP) � A

jury Monday ordered Zsa /sit Gabor and her husband to pay Elke Sommer $2 million lin. allegedly telling German publi-cations that Miss Sommer is a financially strapped I lollywood has-been.

The Santa Monica Superior Court panel awarded Miss Som-mer $800,000 in general dam-ages for statements attributed to Miss Gabor and $1.2 million in general damages for statements linked to Frederick vim Anhalt.

The jury was scheduled to resume deliberations Tuesday to decide punitive damages.

Miss Sommer’s attorney, Richard Posen, said the award was fair in light of the harm to Miss Sommer’s emotions and career because of the statements in the three publications.

"A lot of people read this stuff," he said. "I don’t think the jury liked this kind of conduct."

Miss Gabor vowed to appeal,

Zsa, husband to pay Elke Sommer $ 2 million ietaining well-known attorney Melvin Belli.

"Her reaction is that they’ll never get a nickel," said her spokesman. Phil Paladino.

The lawsuit pitting the two actresses against each other stemmedm from three 1990 arti-cles, one in the German women’s magazine Freitzeit Review and two in the German newspaper Bild, attorneys said.

In the Freitzeit article, Miss Gabor was quoted as &wit ig Miss Sommer hung out in sleazy bars and suppin tett herself by selling her hand-knit sweaters for $150 apiece.

"That woman is broke," Gabor was quoted as saying. "She had to sell her house in Hollywood and is now living in the worst section of town."

The article quotes Miss Som-mer as denying the jams. NI Sommer insisted in the aril(

kthat she was worth about 30 mil-lion deutsche marks and that

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Miss Galxr made the comments because Miss Sommer once accused Miss Gabor of having a big behind.The Bild articles quote Miss Gabor’s husband as accusing Miss Sommer of lying about her age � claiming to be 49 when she was 62 � and say-

ing that she had almost no hair left on her head and looked like she was 100 years old.

"In Hollywood, nobody rec-ognizes her on the street any-more and she cannot afford a $500 ticket for a benefit party," the article quotes von Ai halt as

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Unlike War and Peace, this revolution will fit in your pocket.

The Revolutionary Newton MessagePad. The Apple Newton " MessagePad I" communications

assistant weighs less than a pound, yet it can turn the chaos and confusion of almost anyone’s life�especially a college student’s�into order and reason. And between that fifteen-hundred-page book on the Russian revolution you have to finish by Friday, the lab report that’s due first thing in the morning, and the statistics model that’s already late, ,,ou could probably use a little order and reason.

For starters, every Newton MessagePad has a built-in address book, a to-do list, and a calendar�all of which work together to make sure you’re in the right place at the right time. It even has an alarm that will remind VI u to do things like call your mom on her birthday.

The Newton MessagePad lets you send a fax or receive a page* NOu can also subscribe to NewtonMail I" and exchange electronic mail with other NewtonMail subscribers, as well as with users of popular electronic services, such as the Internet and CompuServe.

Write On the Newton screen and you’ll witness something else that’s amazing. Not only will it recognize your handwriting

and turn it into polished text, but it will also recognize shapes and turn loose sketches into razor-sharp drawings.

This makes it perfect for saving all the brainstorm ideas you come up with each’ day. Better still, with the Newton

Connection Kit can transfer information stored on your Newton to a PC running Microsoft Windows or a

Macintosh’ computer. In addition, there are a host of applications

available for the Newton that will help you tackle everything from complex math formulas to slide

presentations** There are also a variety of entertainment programs that will help you

spend all of the time you’ll be saving by using your Newton.

So visit your campus reseller and see what the Newton MessagePad can do for

you. And don’t worry, it won’t take you fifteen hundred pages to discover

what this revolution’s all about.

For all of your computer needs visit Spartan Nokstore Computer Department � 924-1809

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ADI Son Jose

SA

or It has become one

U.S. cities, but San Jot big city with a small E

About 50 percent population lives here of the Silicon Valley n

Separating the city valley is futile. Many San Jose work in anot city. The reverse is alt

Valley politics also San Jose’s sovereignty ernment bodies that o boundaries.

In the 1980s, city of revitalizing San Jose ti of international statur was billed as a city "g

Millions of dollars the "redevelopment" area.

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1:’. BARMY IIIRIPSON ER IERIP TuRNER

R 10Th SAN JOSE CAPITOL

DRIVE IN 226,2251

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ADVANCErSiREPORTING Son Jose State University FA111993 DECEMBER 7

SAN JOSE: Growing up Inside:

or just getting bigger? It has become one of the largest

U.S. cities, but San Jose remains a big city with a small shadow.

About 50 percent of the valley’s population lives here in the heart of the Silicon Valley megalopolis.

Separating the city from the valley is futile. Many who live in San Jose work in another valley city. The reverse is also true.

Valley politics also challenge San Jose’s sovereignty with gov-ernment bodies that overlap city boundaries.

In the 1980s, city officials began revitalizing San Jose to make a city of international stature. San Jose was billed as a city "growing up."

Millions of dollars flowed into the "redevelopment" area.

Palm trees lined the streets as night spots and restaurants began catering to the new, "mature" city. A convention center was built.

San Jose acquired the Sharks in 1990, and, this September, the city cut the ribbon on the team’s new home. Although the Sharks have been less than successful on the ice, their underdog status and teal -and-black logo have proven to be a national winner.

The Sharks soon became a San Jose claim to fame. The title "home of the Sharks" began to compete with the "center of Silicon Valley," as the business world prefers to call it.

Does either identity fit the city?

’

Long before the days of silicon,

San Jose was a fast-

growing city, and cultural diversi-ty grew with the city’s population.

Behind San Jose’s palm trees, there are as many ethnic groups as there are computer companies.

Some people came for the Mediterranean climate. Others fled poverty and repression. They all came for a piece of the American dream � San Jose style.

San Jose has a major university and an international airport. There is a symphony and an opera. It has many of its own theater groups.

A massive movie house is planned, and residents in new downtown housing are starting to bring the city’s nights to life.

San Jose also faces big city problems. High housing costs cou-pled with economic hard times have created a burgeoning home-less problem. Gang activity now threatens neighborhoods.

The city and valley have been hit hard by defense cuts and changes in the computer industry.

So, here’s a peek at San Jose 1993 �bigger and all

grown up?

By Bill Erb

Ali Redevelopment

O Flicks: p. 7

U RDA: p.8

U Arena: p. 8

Housing: p. 10

Community

Superfund: p. 11

U Homeless: p. 12

U Multiservice: p. 12

CHAC: p. 13

U Airport: p. 14

U Smoking: p. 16

The People

U Immigration: p. 3

01 Education: p. 3

� Multiculuralism: p. 4

� NAFTA: p.6

II

In search of... an image, identity? By Nancy Fong

The road snakes along the base of the foothills. Cows and old oak trees dot the seemingly endless yellow hillsides. I begin to hum the melody buzzing from the car radio � "You can really breathe in San Jose, they’ve got a lot of space, there’ll be a place where I can stay.

"Do you know the way to San Jose, whoa, whoa, whoa..."

Soon, rows of houses clutter the view of the hills. Traffic slows as homeward-bound commuters clog the roads.

The fabled city of Dionne Warwick’s wistful ode comes into view as landing planes almost touch the downtown skyline. As rush-hour traffic creeps forward, images of sili-con chips frolic with singing prunes and dancing apricots. The highway exit sign reads "San Jose city limits."

Many before have unsuccess-fully sought the defining sym-bol that represents the city known as the capital of Silicon Valley. The symbol that will drum up that special image in peoples’ minds when they hear those two words � San Jose.

Lighting up the city Aside from purple-and red -

streaked sunsets, white foam waves lapping a black sand beach and a Mrs. Field’s peanut butter dream bar, what could inspire and capture the imagi-nation more than streams of light illuminating the skies above the city?

To the north, the city of Oak-land has a necklace of lights ringing Lake Merritt. As one walks or jogs at the lake’s perimeter, one’s thoughts are calmed as lights glimmer and rhythmically bounce off the water.

Further north � in ’The City’ as the locals like to call it � San Francisco has silhouet-ted its Fmbarcadem Center with lights. As you descend onto the city from the Oakland -San Francisco Bay Bridge, look to your right; you’ll catch a glimpse of the famed lights of the Golden Gate Bridge � that is, when it’s not shrouded in fog. The view from the Golden Gate is stunning, and one’s

2 December 7, 1993

thoughts turn to romance and ponder why the famed Golden Gate is not golden but orange.

San Jose wants to don lights of its own. The brainchild of artist Jeri Yasukawa, fiber-optic lights would trace the clover-leaf interchanges of highways 280 and 680 where they meet Highway 101 � the point where traffic seems impenetra-ble every weekday evening.

Could this be it � the defin-ing symbol of San Jose � a lighted freeway interchange? No, not terribly romantic nor calming, but very high-tech. Very apropos for the capital of Silicon Valley.

What does the South Bay’s Herb Caen, Leigh Weimers, think? Fiber-optic lights on the highways 101 and 680 inter-change "would be a nice start, but I’d hate to see San Jose symbolized by a freeway inter-change," he said.

Steve Tedesco, San Jose Chamber of Commerce presi-dent, described another bright idea a group of city representa-tives thought up after a "few too many drinks ... How about a laser-light show beamed down from the Santa Cruz mountains or beamed up from downtown San Jose?"

Weimers thought it might have potential. "It would be wild enough, and it would be more reflective of the city, using a technological symbol. What this area is best known for is the Silicon Valley," he said. So what image do people have of San Jose? According to Weimers, people who visit say "Wow, what a nice, clean, friendly city."

While he does not want that to change, Weimers said he’d like it to improve.

"San Jose does not have an image apart from Silicon Valley; there is no physical or geo-graphically distinct landmark," Weimers said. "Most people enjoy their stay, but I’d like to see San Jose get something identifiable."

The urban-planning experts were also tough to pin down on the matter. Donald Rothblatt, chair of urban and regional planning department at SJSU, said, "Before WWII, San Jose was an agricultural center �

the valley of our heart’s delight. Now, it’s the capital of Silicon Valley."

Finding a landmark Colleague and San Jose resi-

dent Scott Lefavor explained that a city’s image could be viewed from many perspec-tives. It is people, ethnology, psyche, neighborhoods ... But, what’s San Jose’s image?

"It’s Suburbia, USA � it’s a different pace, a different life," Lefavor said. Suburbia, USA; the southern gateway to Silicon Valley from Los Angeles.

What could be more defini-five than a giant silicon wafer or chip at the entrance of our wonderful city? But where exactly is the entrance to San Jose? Is it at Highway 101 at the San Jose International Airport; or is it where highways 680 and 280 meet; or could it be where Highway 17 meets 280? That depends on where you are coming from.

In "Magic Lands," author John Findlay writes that annex-ation, development, growth and an absence of landmarks during the 1960s "so conspired against an accurate sense of the city that many new residents often lost their way home."

In 1993, not much has changed. Without distinguish-ing natural landmarks like the Bay or manmade landmarks like the Golden Gate Bridge, it’s still easy to get permanently lost in San Jose.

Searching for an image Tedesco, who was born and

raised in San Jose, said: "A few years ago, San Jose had an infe-riority complex. The complex came from people who moved here from other areas who were bent on showing that San Jose could compete with San Fran-cisco." But Tedesco added, "San Francisco would like to have our economy."

Rothblatt agreed: "San Fran-cisco does have an image as being the most interesting and beautiful city in North Ameri-ca. It is difficult to develop in the shadow of such a jewel."

Tedesco said San Jose was positioned between two of the best places of the world � San Francisco and the Monterey

Bay region. "A visitor’s vision drives an

image more than anything else," he said. "The image becomes what people think of when they seek a place to visit."

If San Jose conducted a sur-vey asking visitors to name San Jose’s technological, cultural and natural wonders, what would they say?

Tedesco said, "You probably wouldn’t even get 10 answers. But if you ask people about San Francisco, eight out of 10 would probably say the Golden Gate Bridge."

Part of the problem, Tedesco said, is San Jose doesn’t have an attraction like Disneyland.

John Palmer, director of tourism for the state of Califor-nia, said, "San Jose has the same problem that Oakland has � it has no dominant attrac-tion. It’s a great place for medi-um-sized conventions, but it has no dominant attraction like Anaheim � not to say that San Jose wants to be like Anaheim."

But we do have attractions. We have the Winchester Mys-tery House. So what if we don’t have shorelines like San Fran-cisco, Oakland and Monterey? We have Raging Waters. When asked if San Jose will ever be a major tourist center like San Francisco, Palmer said, "Never.

It’s a place you go if you are visiting friends or family. It is a place you go through to get to places like Monterey."

In San Jose’s defense, Tedesco said, "Visitors can spend the night in a more affordable and relaxed setting. Very few people come to San Jose and just stay in San Jose. We’re not a major attraction, but so what?"

Building an identity Comparisons, symbols,

images, Oakland and San Fran-cisco aside, San Jose is an inte-gral part of the Bay Area and the global economy. Whatever image emerges, there is no doubt San Jose has come a long way toward developing its own identity with its own culture and lifestyle.

Tedesco said, although "there is not a singular image for San Jose, it is a dominating part of the South Bay. It is clear-ly identified with Silicon Valley and has a worldwide positive image."

"It’s come a long way," Roth-blatt adds, "for (San Jose) to grow into the llth most popu-lous city in North America was an incredible feat. San Jose is the emerging colossus of the South Bay. This is a young, bur-geoning area � strong, smart, able with a tremendous future �

Each semester, Journalism 135, an advanced reporting class for reporting/editing majors, focuses on a specific in-depth topic. This supple-ment, produced by the class, is an overview of San Jose � its redevelopment, its people and selected community issues.

Jim Batcho Bill Erb

Richard Espinoza Amos Fabian Nancy Fong

Makonnen Gebrehiwot Allan Hovland Jennifer Ikuta

Laura Kleinman

Marcia Lepler Rachel Luther Toni Martinez

Chris McCrellis-Mitchell Debra Myers Jon Solomon Marc J. Spears Brian Wachter

Instructor � Professor David Grey Production managers � Debra Myers & Jon Solomon

With thanks to Richard Espinoza, Amos Fabian, Nancy Fong, Jennifer Ikuta, Laura Kleinman, Marcia Lepler,

Chris McCrellis-Mitchell dr Brian Wachter Cover art � Fred Limpert

Differences in culture, teaching challenge immigrant students

By Toni Martinez

Like many other cities across the country, San Jose must deal with an increasing number of immigrants.

Historically, the easiest route to assimilation has been attained through a solid educa-tion.

But immigrant students have a multitude of challenges that interfere with their learning. Some of the hurdles they must overcome include culture shock, identity con-flicts, differences in lan-guage and teaching styles, as well as their previous educational experiences.

Many of them never make it to the higher educational system.

According to a 1993 lan-guage census conducted by the California Department of Edu-cation, Santa Clara County has 47,073 identified limited-Eng-lish proficiency students.

This gives Santa Clara Coun-ty the second largest popula-tion of Vietnamese in Califor-nia. At SJSU, students original-ly from Vietnam make up the largest immigrant population � 1,558 are currently enrolled according to the Office of Insti-

tutional Research. Vivian Hwang, a senior at

SJSU, had many hurdles to overcome when she arrived from Hong Kong seven and a half years ago.

"I had no one," Hwang said. "It was a total new life. I had to start all over."

She wanted to fit in as soon as possible. Because she was tired of everyone immediately asking where she was from, losing her accent in high school

was her first priority. Now her spoken

English is near-perfect, and she is attempting to get into the graphics design program.

If immigrants arrive here at a young age, problems begin in ele-

mentary and high school. Herb Grossman, director of

the Bilingual/Multicultural Special Education department at SJSU, said, "Too often ... teachers react to their academic difficulties by placing them in low-ability tracks and groups or referring them for special education placement."

Grossman added that one challenge immigrant students faced in entering college was that "professors and adminis-

tration assume to a greater degree than they should that these students have assimilated to mainstream culture. There-fore, the faculty and staff don’t have to consider their cultural and contextual characteristics when they set up programs and teach their classes."

The Student Outreach and Recruitment program at SJSU works with underrepresented students from local high schools and middle schools. There are no statistics available, but they believe many of the students they meet with are immigrants.

"Realize they are coming into the university academical-ly unprepared," said Chris Villa, director of the program. Universities have ended up fill-ing the gaps for students who graduate from high school with inadequate basic skills, he said.

Most professors agree there is a great diversity in terms of styles of learning. "The greatest challenge facing these students is the way classes are present-ed," said Lucia Vega-Garcia, bilingual-education coordinator for Santa Clara County’s Department of Education.

"Language is acquired in dif-ferent ways � visually, through

PHOTO BY DAVID M MARSHALL

Vivian Hwang, a senior majoring in art who immigrated from Hong Kong seven and a half years ago, has been successful in overcoming the many difficulties immigrant students face.

dialogue or brainstorming, hav-ing time to reflect and summa-rizing." She said society memo-rized facts, discouraging inde-

pendent ways of thinking. Garcia said students who

arrived here in their late teens See Students, page 15

Russian ØmigrØs find shelter in Silicon Valley By Amos Fabian

Much of San Jose’s growing population is due to immi-grants who need help in their new environment. Can the Sili-con Valley assist in resettling?

Here’s a seemingly success-ful case study. Natalie and Michael Rumer arrived in Cupertino from St. Petersburg, Russia on Dec. 15, 1992. For the first time, they were able to freely celebrate Hanukkah without fear of persecution.

In Russia, 40-year-old Michael Rumer was a system process engineer. Now, he oper-ates disk-drive equipment for Conner Peripherals in San Jose. His wife studies accounting at De Anza Community College.

Potential immigrants, among them Russian scientists and other skilled workers, no longer consider Silicon Valley an attractive option, according to Konstantin Sorokin, a visiting fellow at the Center for Interna-tional Security and Arms Con-trol at Stanford University.

"Russians are aware of the recession here, and they know they would be the first to be laid off," he said. Today, Russ-ian scientists relocate temporar-ily to make money and go back home, he said.

Despite the recession, the Rumers said they were not deterred by this drop in profes-sional status. Natalie Rumer said they immigrated perma-

nently because they worried about the future of their chil-dren, Masha, 14, and Sasha, 9, during an uncertain era in Russian history.

"Russians are experiencing hardships and hurdles," Natal-ie Rumer said. She said that is why they immigrated to the United States.

Once they arrived, Michael Rurner said they received assis-tance from the Jewish Family Services of Santa Clara County, which helped him find a job and learn English.

Rachel Jarkov, JFS director of emigre services, said since learning the dominant lan-guage is imperative to succeed in the United States, JFS pro-

vides free English-as-a-second-language courses.

Other services provided by JFS, located at the Jewish Com-munity Center in Los Gatos, include social services and Ømi-grØ resettlement programs.

"Our goal is to integrate the newly arrived Russian Jews with the local Jewish communi-ty," she said.

She said JFS was working with congregations in the Greater San Jose area to pro-vide the immigrants with a sense of community.

To teach immigrants about their background, they inte-grate Jewish studies as part of the ESL curriculum and rabbis provide material from Jewish

holidays, Sabbath services and family traditions.

Vlada Gelfond, JFS accultur-ation social worker said rabbis agreed to support the program and operate a joint venture.

Rabbi Daniel Pressman of Saratoga’s Congregation Beth David said they did their best to welcome the immigrants so they felt at home.

While most participants must reserve a place in the syn-agogue during holiday ser-vices, the congregation distrib-utes free tickets for immigrants, he said.

The majority of Soviet Ømi-grØs during the 1970s and 1980s were Jews. Today, more than 80

See Emigres, page Is

December 7, 1993 3

Education seeks to counter discrimination

Tomo Inouye, owner and resident pharmacist, has been in Japantown for 43 years. He said Japantown would continue even after the people of his generation were gone.

By Nancy Fong

The inside could be a scene from "Happy Days," except the customers seated at the counter are not teenagers, they are old-timers. Their faces are serious and impassive � most of them are Asian.

One of the customers, Carl Kinaga, who described himself as an "almost-retired attorney," sat at the counter of the Fourth Street drugstore’s soda fountain on the day of my visit.

The drugstore is a symbol of the resiliency of the Japanese-American community in San Jose. Tomo Inouye, owner and resident pharmacist, has been in business for 43 years. His shop sits at the corner of Jack-son and Fourth streets in San Jose. It is a gathering place for many of the longtime Japan-town residents like Kinaga.

Japantown’s past With some prodding, Kinaga

told of Japantown’s past. "The ties (to the community) aren’t

4 December 7, 1993

that strong now. Before, we all depended a lot more on the Japanese-American communi-ty; the Japanese Americans were a self-sufficient communi-ty."

Self-sufficiency and discrimi-nation were perhaps equal partners in the formation of San Jose’s Japantown prior to World War II. Finding the outside world inhospitable, those who left it usually returned to the familiarity of the corrununitywhere they were raised.

Many of the second genera-tion � nisei� went away to college and got engineering degrees but couldn’t get any-one to hire them after gradua-tion.

"Kids got a degree and came back and ran a fruit stand," Kinaga said.

When World War II erupted, the Japanese Americans were shipped out to internment camps. For many Japanese-

Freuw.r, tai

Harry Miyakusu (left), having lunch at the Fourth Street Pharmacy, said he’d been

American communities this spelled the end. It was different in San Jose.

Many of the residents in the area were sent to the same camps. Three years later, many returned to San Jose to live and raise their families, Kinaga said.

When asked if he personally experienced much discrimina-tion before World War II, Kina-ga said, "San Jose wasn’t too bad."

"For those of us who grew up before the war, there was

discrimination � no violence � but dis-crimination," Kinaga

I said. Kinaga believed the

Japanese Americans had few confrontations "because the Japanese Americans were very

restrained. If someone heard that there could be trouble any-place, most everyone avoided going there. We seldom went downtown. We went to school and always returned home before dark." After World War II broke out, local stores posted signs saying "Japanese not wel-come."

Yet Kinaga recalled that Hart’s department store on Market and Santa Clara streets offered rides to those afraid to shop in downtown.

1 PHOTOS BY GEORGE OH -

going there for too long," but returns daily fo. the fellowship and camaraderie of his friends

He surmised as Jewish store-owners they were more empa-thetic, having experienced their own form of discrimination.

Italian retrospect Several blocks south of

Japantown, the Italian flag flut-tered in the wind alongside the American flag. They adorn the building of the Italian-Ameri-can Heritage Foundation.

"When the Italians first came here, they took the basic jobs and were glad to have them � whether they were picking prunes, cuttinr, apricots, in shoemaking or general laborers in construction," said Tony Zerbo, IAHF public relations coordinator.

Most who came to San Jose settled in "Goose Town" bounded by Delrnas Avenue and Vine, Willow and South First streets. It was swampy marshland at the lower end of town. It got its name from the geese that frequently landed there, Zerbo explained.

Prejudice was prevalent in the early 1900s up to the end of World War II. "lime has changed things � you’re the same generation as me, but in a nicer time," Zerbo said.

"People are more tolerant because they’ve been exposed to different cultures. That

doesn’t mean there isn’t preju-dice, there’s still some Mafia stereotyping, but they’re isolat-ed cases."

Integration "As a young child growing

up in an Italian neighborhood, eating Italian food, hearing Ital-ian spoken, you don’t know that there are other things going on. As you go to school, you find that it’s different. Real-ity starts when you go to school," he said.

Zerbo attended Peter Burnett Jr. High School on Fourth Street in the 1940s which "was one-third Oriental." He remembers that "lots of the kids were com-ing back from internment camp."

For many children of immi-grants like Zerbo and Kinaga, school was their first exposure to outside cultures. In fact, Zerbo went to high school with Congressman Norm Mineta, D-San Jose.

Even in the 1940s, San Jose had a rich cultural past and today is testament to the diver-sity of our larger national eth-nic and cultural heritage. At SJSU, students represent a with

array of nationalities. A cursory flip through the

SJSU fall 1993 Student Organi-zation Directory reveals a mill-

titude of groups formed on the basis of race or ethnicity � from the Afghan Student Asso-ciation to the Vietnamese Stu-dent Association.

Walk a few blocks outside of the main campus and find Viet-namese-owned groceries, beau-ty shops and restaurants along-side American mainstays like Pizza Hut and Lucky super-market. "Pho" has become as commonplace as a "Big Mac."

These pockets of Vietnamese stores cater to the growing Viet-namese population in San Jose offering foods of the homeland and, more significantly, services in their language. Older, insti-tutionalized ethnic enclaves like San Francisco’s Chinatown and San Jose’s Japantown origi-nally sprouted as bulwarks against a hostile society.

But they still endure, rejuve-nating themselves with every influx of immigrants or as older immigrants and their children return for homeland products, services or atmosphere.

Many children of these immigrants have moved on into mainstream society but have not pursued Martin Luther King Jr.’s dream of racial integration. They are in many respects American, but they champion their own heritage rather than integrate.

Antar Jannah, keynote speaker at this year’s Santa Clara County African-Ameri-can Leadership Conference said, "We need to take a mora-torium on taking everyone else’s advice and start taking

our own. African-American consciousness will be extinct if we keep accepting European values."

African-American play-wright Fred Jackson produced "Brother Dap," a play that explores the historical contribu-tions of African Americans through one man’s journey back to his past.

Nationalism needed Blacks, he said, need their

own nationalism, to create their own institutions and groups that serve the black community He feels blacks need to support and buy from their communi-ties, like the Asians have done.

"When Asians and Latinos hit the shores (of America), they had ties back from where they came, but Africans were wholly cut off," he said. In the process, he said, Africans were kept from knowing what they were doing and where they were going because they didn’t have a past from which to draw.

That is being amended. Tiny islands of nationalism are crop-ping up on U.S. campuses. As a multiethnic nation, university students are insisting this fact be recognized in their curricula. SJSU is no different.

Ethnic studies Nicole Padellan, SJSU Asso-

ciated Students director of eth-nic affairs and a member of the multicultural committee, is spearheading a grass-roots effort to implement an ethnic

PHOTO COURTESY OF THE ITAL IAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE FOUNDATION

John Urzi (far left) and other workers in 1915 at a cherry-picking plant at 491 N. Ninth St.

studies graduation requirement at SJSU.

"Most students have been in support of the requirement; the most resistance is from faculty," she said. "The faculty and staff are asking us how this require-ment should be administered, which should be their job."

Maria Alaniz, cultural plu-ralism assistant professor and program coordinator at SJSU said: "It is critical to have an ethnic studies requirement, especially in the United States Limiting students to Western

Jt�

PHOTO COURTESY OF THE ITALIAN-AMERICAN HERITAGE FOUNDATION

Employees of Frank Aiassa’s Drive-in Market march down Market Street in the early 1920s.

civilization is damaging to everyone. It’s not a realistic portrayal of the foundation of the country. Students should learn of contributions of people of color."

In traditional history cours-es, people of color are often portrayed as victims rather than active participants in polit-ical organizing and the labor movement, Alaniz explained.

"This is not a zero-sum game," Alaniz said. "Adding multicultural courses does not mean subtracting Western civi-lization.

"White professors don’t understand what it’s like. Stu-dents need people who have been through the same experi-ences, have similar traditions and values."

Scot Guenter, associate pro-fessor of American studies, acknowledged that the general population has not been sensi-tive to the needs of minority groups.

"I’m part of that struggle," he said. He has grown weary of the criticism that all he does "is teach (about) dead white poets."

Guenter said he had been trained to teach multicultural-ism. Guenter asks that people not assume that because it’s called American studies, that it’s culturally exclusive.

"I certainly support an ethnic studies program. I’m not in

favor of being segregated to one experience," Guenter said. "If all the Armenians are taking Armenian 101, that’s not the answer."

He said he "understands the anger � traditional literature and history has been exclusion-ary. It never hurts people to learn more, but I wouldn’t be so quick to say these needs haven’t been met.

"What many don’t realize is that multiculturalism has been included for 15 to 20 years."

This is not far back enough for a young Kinaga, who said he’s somewhat of a history buff and regrets there were no Asian history courses available when he was in school.

Putting everything in per-spective, there is no doubt col-lege students today have a lot more available to them than the old-timers like Kinaga at the Fourth Street drugstore in Japantown and even more than first-generation Italian Ameri-cans like Zerbo.

The push for ethnic studies is a push for greater mutual understanding of not only our collective but our individual experiences. Students are embracing their ethnic and cul-tural differences in order to more fully understand them-selves and their group’s contri-bution to one of the few mul-tiracial, multiethnic and multi-cultural countries in the world.

December 7, 1993 5

1

NAFTA could spur new era of city growth

By Makonnen Gebrehilvot

The 1990 U.S. Census shows that, in the last four decades, the population of San Jose is made up increasingly of peo-ple born outside of the United States.

Before 1950, only 6,693 immigrants arrived in San Jose, but by 1990, the number had increased to 37,519.

In addition, Georges Vemez, the director of education and human resources program of Rand Corp., testi-fying before the California State Assem-bly Select Committee on Statewide Immigration Impact, pointed out that immigrants had contributed 54 percent of the state’s population growth from 1980 to 1990.

There is concern about the unknown number of illegal immigrants who set-tled in the valley after entering the country without proper documents, as

well as those who came in legally but stayed after their visas had expired.

These figures add more controversy to the existing concerns about job securi-ty, education financing, social benefits to newcomers and immigration restriction.

The U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate last month approved the North American Free Trade Agreement, uniting 360 million people in a $6.6 tril-lion commercial bloc, the largest in the world.

Although NAFTA’s success and shortcomings will be tested beginning next year, the agreement has already created a new era of interest and debate over its impact on illegal immigration in California. Passage of the trade agree-ment comes less than 10 years after Con-gress adopted the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.

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The act provided an opportunity for permanent-resident status to those who came before 1982 and continued to stay without leaving the country.

However, its main objective was to deter the influx of illegal immigration by imposing sanctions on employers who knowingly hire undocumented immigrants and by implementing tough restrictions to qualify for government benefits.

"Over 3.3 million people were given the chance to become legal residents through the act," said Robert L. Acker-man, officer in charge at the Immigra-tion and Naturalization Service in San Jose.

"I think the current issue on immigra-tion has highlighted the need for a new comprehensive policy, and that possibil-ity may be within reach in the coming years."

The Immigration and Naturalization Service has already expressed its strong support for NAFTA.

Shortly before the crucial vote in Con-gress, an internal memo sent to regional administrators, district directors and chief patrol agents confirmed the agency’s belief regarding the trade agreement.

The memo said the agreement would promote economic growth, create jobs and improve wages in the Mexican economy, thus decreasing the tempta-tion of immigrants to cross the border into the United States in search of better work and opportunity.

The INS has adopted the position that NAFTA will make the task of control-ling the borders less difficult.

"The (economic) condition across the border is directly linked with illegal immigration," Ackerman said.

"If opportunities exist and could be attained there as well, the tendency to cross the border would shift down-ward."

Immigrants’-rights advocates chal-lenge the notion that the realization of

the trade agreement alone will have a significant impact on illegal immigra-tion without addressing the question of wage disparity between American workers and the rest of Central Ameri-ca, including Mexico.

Richard Konda, chairman of the Net-work for Immigrant and Refugee Rights and Services, said, "The wage differenct, between the U.S. and Mexico is enor-mous. Limited opportunities and the need for survival place a tremendous pressure on anyone to cross the border."

The Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights and Services is a coali-tion of various groups working on behalf of immigrants.

Konda said, "It will take years to silt cessfully implement what has been described as the positive impact of the trade agreement.

"Looking at the current political, cci

nomic (situation) and the incredibly high number of refugees, which contin ues to grow worldwide, will suffice to illustrate that conditions can get far worse by the time NAFTA’s goals are achieved."

Not even the politicians nor the experts know, with any certainty, the impact NAFTA will have on illegal immigration.

Vemez reasoned that the failure of understanding and the mistake of underestimating the magnitude of immigration’s impact made past laws ineffective.

"Immigration is not an issue that can be resolved once and for all as we had hoped as in the past by overhauling our immigration laws every 20 years or sn," Vemez said.

Vemez stressed that the views and policies on immigration should be re-examined.

"It is an issue that has to be managed just as we manage foreign policy through frequent adaptations to chang-ing circumstances � both international and domestic."

Beating plowshares into chips By Jim Batcho

When the seeds of Silicon Valley were first planted in the ’60s, its development as the country’s techno-logical leader was the result of the allure of the California lifestyle, said Manuel Rossell, vice president of operations at one of the area’s high-tech companies.

This continued success, according to many technological spokespeople, depends on how the quality of life in the Bay Area evolves over time.

But with favorable climate and cul-ture comes an influx of people mov-ing into the area, bringing a multi-tude of problems, said Annie Gladue, corporate communications manager for Chips and Technologies.

"...it’s becoming a very expensive place," she said. "A lot of my peers are saying, ’No matter how long I work, I still can’t buy a house.’"

Rossell, whose silicon pressure sensor company makes products for medical purposes, said cost of living will affect manufacturing plants more than the technological, creative aspects.

"Yes, rising costs and population will hurt," Rossell said. "But research and development will still be here.

"It gets to the point where ... man-ufacturing costs are so high, you have to move to other areas."

Rossell said this is why certain plants have moved to places like Texas, Arizona and Colorado, as well as overseas.

He said Silicon Valley-based Intel

Corp.,the largest semiconductor pro-ducer in the U.S., worked up a deal to put a plant in Colorado Springs, Colo., mostly due to tax incentives.

Despite the movement of manufac-turing plants, Rossell said Silicon Val-ley would continue to be a strong-hold of technological activity. He said the computer business was uncertain, but semiconductors, which conduct electrical currents in computers, are growing in technological advance-ment.

"Our company has a growth rate of about 20 percent each year, and that’s pretty general for sensor com-panies," he said. Chips and Technolo-gies, however, has had to develop its company in order to survive. When it started, it was the only one making logic chip sets for computers, Gladue said. But other companies started using the same technology.

At its peak in June 1990, the com-pany had 700 employees. It currently has scaled down to 200. But after three years of losing money, the com-pany posted its first increase last year, Gladue said.

"We made some tough changes," Gladue said." We finally figured out what markets we could play in. This industry is so competitive."

Gladue said she wasn’t optimistic about the future of Silicon Valley because the high housing and living costs were going to have a big effect on start-up companies.

"If you want to appeal to the next generation of people, you might have

to move to an area where it’s more conducive to thinking about design rather than paying the bills," she said.

John Hamburger, director of corpo-rate communications for Cypress Semiconductor, agreed high living expenses were a problem for the future of Silicon Valley. But like Rossell, he said it would primarily affect manufacturing, not innovation.

"Silicon Valley over the past five years has continued to grow from a technological standpoint," he said.

"Manufacturing can take place anywhere."

Hamburger said the Silicon Valley was still the "intellectual hub" of technology in the United States. mainly due to the local universities.

"The development of Silicon Valley has been the result of the great uni-versities here," he said. "San Jose State, Stanford and UC Berkeley have provided a talent pool that has made it possible to have this kind of cre-ative atmosphere."

The formation of venture capital to help new companies will be a big boost. Already, over half of its firms have been formed in the area.

Hamburger said the semiconduc-tor business has become much more global since the company started 11 years ago and it will continue to grow.

"We’re on the verge of something that people will likely look back on as the next electronics revolution," he said.

Executives rank San Jose eighth for business climate

In the Nov. 15 issue of Fortune magazine, a survey of the cities best suited for business ranked San Jose eighth in the nation, based on corporate executive input.

The magazine asked approximately 1,000 executives in the 60 largest metropolitan areas where their own cities and others ranked in terms of innovative potential, costs, quality of work force and access to cap-ital.

"San Jose, Calif., remains the premier global center for high-tech electronics of all sorts," the article said.

Raleigh/Durham ranked first in the sur-vey. But San Jose beat it out in the categories of innovative firms, number of patents issued and percentage of people over 25 years old with bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

One of the main reasons Raleigh/Durham topped the ranking was the presence of three elite universities � Duke University, Univer-sity of North Carolina and North Carolina State.

San Jose also ranked near the top in the category of university atmosphere. Stanford and Berkeley were noted as churning out "hundreds of whiz-kid graduates into the action every year," the Fortune survey said.

But it was the area of innovation that mostly caught the attention of those polled.

The magazine stated about 1,500 of the nation’s 2,500 biggest electronics companies are centered in the San Jose area.

The drawbacks to San Jose, the article said, are "legendary" traffic problems and high housing costs.

AMC theater developers clash with Camera Cinemas By Allan Hovland

To be or not to be � that is the question.

As San Jose grows, so does its downtown. As a result, a battle rages between the Cam-era Cinemas and developers about whether to build a 16-screen AMC theater multiplex in downtown San Jose.

The proposal before the Redevelopment Agency of San Jose is to allow Melvin Simon & Associates Inc. to build a the-ater multiplex adjacent to the Pavilion Shops at First and San Carlos streets.

The theater is expected to bring approximately 10,000 people to the Pavilion each week and rescue an otherwise-doomed downtown economy.

"Absent the theater addition,

we have been informed that additional tenant closures will occur and no new leasing will be possible, which inevitably leads to a total closure of the complex," wrote Herb Simon, president of Simon & Associates Inc. in a letter to the Redevelopment Agency.

On the other side of the argument is Councilman David Pandori, representing down-town San Jose. "One project cannot either create or destroy our downtown," he said.

The opposition to the theater complex’s construction stems mainly from the Camera Cine-mas in San Jose. Camera own-ers Jim Zuur and Jack Nyblom said they feared they would be

driven out of business by a larger AMC complex, which might draw moviegoers away from the Cameras.

The Camera Cinemas, which screen art and foreign films in its three the-aters, may be outbid by AMC on the most lucrative of such films, causing a drastic loss of

revenue. When asked if they would

promise not to screen such films and leave them solely to the Camera Cinemas, officials at AMC Theater’s regional headquarters refused, citing possible future antitrust action.

To sweeten the deal for the Camera owners, Redevelop-ment Chief Frank Taylor planned to pour $200,000 in

agency money into the Cam-eras for renovations and addi-tional cash if the AMC complex cut into the Camera’s profits. The total cost of the project is $8 million, $4.3 million of which would be contributed by the Redevelopment Agency. That portion would go toward the purchase of the Twohy Build-ing at First and Paseo de San Antonio streets, the proposed site for the theater, and parking rights at the Fairmont Hotel.

A report released by Eco-nomics Research Associates stated the AMC movie complex would create up to 65 theater and 211 construction jobs and inject $33,000 in annual sales tax from the theater complex into the city.

The report added the corn-

plex would lure an additional 600,0(X) people downtown annually, which would create greater potential traffic to the Pavilion, strengthen downtown retail, attract new businesses and increase light rail use.

The popular opinion in the City Council is the proposal might just fall through the cracks. The agency’s calendar is so full right now, a decision can’t even be scheduled.

Councilman Jim Beall said, "My concern is that right now, the plate’s pretty full. We’ve got the Fox Theater, the Rep, the Teatm and now this? I’d put this at the tail end."

Councilwoman Blanca Alvarado is in opposition as well, saying the agency already had too many things to do.

December 7, 1993 7

Arena draws crowds, puts city on map

By Marc Spears

The Golden Gate Bridge, Fisherman’s Wharf, Chinatown, professional sports and many other attractions make San Francisco one of the world’s top tourist spots. But what about San Jose?

San Jose, the capital of "Sili-con Valley," is the most popu-lous city in Northern Califor-nia, third largest in the state and llth in the nation. San Jose is also the safest of the 49 most populous U.S. cities, based on information from the San Jose Convention & Visitors Bureau.

However, if you were to ask somebody from a different state which city is the largest in the Bay Area or in Northern Cali-fornia, more often than not San Jose wouldn’t be mentioned.

For years, San Jose has been in the shadow of San Francisco even though it is much more populated than "The City" But now, with the San Jose Arena and many changes and addi-tions to downtown San Jose, the shadow may be taking a permanent leave of absence.

Sports Editor Mark Purdy wrote in the San Jose Mercury News Arena guide: "San Jose has enough big city problems, but until lately, it hasn’t had much big city stuff. Finally, we get to start our own major league traditions instead of vis-

iting other traditions in San Francisco and Oakland, those quaint smaller towns to the north who can now send their citizens south to spend money here."

The arrival of the San Jose Sharks professional hockey franchise could bring bigger and better things to San Jose. Now, every time people read the sports page or watch sports on the news during hockey sea-son, the name "San Jose" will appear.

In a recent college basketball game between Santa Clara and California at the Arena, San Jose was given national expo-sure as the game was broadcast live on ESPN.

SJSU Director of Athletics Tom Brennan said, "The Arena is very important for the city of San Jose because it is a venue that offers many different types of entertainment, and our first pro franchise adds to our sta-tus.

"The pro identity in the media is big, and now that we have a sports team, we are mentioned. This is not the last step in building city identity, but having a pro team estab-lishes San Jose as a major city."

Not only does San Jose have a presence in professional hock-ey, but San Jose will be host to some of the top sports events in

Sharks’ player Sandis Ozolinsh (left) and Johan Garpenlov helped the team in a recent 1-0 win against the Mighty Ducks.

8 December 7, 1993

PHOTOS BY CHRISTINA MACIAS

A remote-controlled Shark takes a "swim" around the Arena as a crowd of roughly 17,000 watches during a game against the Anaheim Mighty Ducks.

the near future. Some of the sports events

coming to the Arena include top collegiate basketball games, the Association of Tennis Pro-fessionals tournament, the Tommy Collins’ 1994 Tour of World Figure Skating Champi-ons and the 1995 NHL All-Star Game.

The Arena will also become the site for the 1997 NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournament Regionals if the NCAA Executive Committee approves the basketball com-mittee’s recommendation today.

In addition, San Jose is bid-ding for the U.S. Gymnastic tri-als for the Olympics in 1996. Each of these events could bring more national exposure to San Jose than the city has ever had.

The Oakland Alameda County Coliseum Arena will soon be the smallest in the NBA, which will mean that the Warriors will move out for a season or two during renova-tion. This could mean a possi-ble move to San Jose for a short term or permanent basis.

Stan Morrison, SJSU men’s head basketball coach, said: "I thought that we did get a first-class venue in every regard for events that bring 20,000 or less people in. It’s the finest arena of its kind in America.

"It gives us a second beauti-ful place to play if the demand is great enough, and it is a nice carrot to dangle in recruiting. We sell the fact that we’re a

downtown university, and there is a convenience factor of being able to do many things without getting in a car."

Roy Hammonds, a junior transfer student, was courted by many of the top schools in the nation for his basketball tal-

ents, but he chose SJSU with the Arena as a major factor in his deci-sion.

"When I came back from my recruiting

trip," Hammonds said, "they asked me about San Jose, and the first thing I told them about was the Arena. Every big city has an arena like that. The Event Center is too small for some events, and the Arena brings those bigger events to San Jose."

Since some major events will be held at the Arena, driving to the Cow Palace or the Coliseum Arena may no longer be neces-sary. For family entertainment, upcoming events include the Harlem Globetrotters, Disney On Ice and Sesame Street Live.

The Ringling Bros. and Bar-num Sr Bailey Circus, Nick-elodeon and Ice Capades have already visited the Arena

Furthermore, Bill Graham Presents is using the Arena as one of its primary indoor venues for bigger tours, which include gymnastics, ice skating and children’s shows. Record-ing stars James Taylor and Depeche Mode already have made appearances.

Although San Tocp is making strides toward the lop, there

were roadblocks along the way. When voters turned down a

move to build a stadium that would move the San Francisco Giants to San Jose, the city lost out in jumping quickly into national prominence.

The San Jose Convention & Visitors Bureau President Mari-on Holt felt the addition of the Giants would have helped San Jose grow tremendously.

Morrison said, "I think the Arena is pretty important but not earth-shaking. It will not override that San Jose turned down the Giants. That would have put San Jose on the map �big time."

Another problem is that the relatively new Convention Cen-ter is too small for most of the events that could come to San Jose. Also, there is a lack of hotel space in downtown San Jose to fit the need for huge conventions.

Holt said: "Another hotel or two is needed because the Con-vention Center is well-booked, and with more hotels, we can bring in more things.

"There are only 1,400 total rooms, and if you take off the corporate clients and other reserved rooms, that brings it down to 900. We need to expand the Convention Center because it is one of the smallest in the Western United States."

Despite these problems, San Jose has a symphony, opera and ballet. San Jose also has muse-ums. In addition, there are more than 30 nightclubs in the downtown area.

New attractions help local appeal By Chris McCrea’lis-Mitchell

Imagine a city flooded with litter and graffiti, a downtown area dominated by boarded-up businesses and abandoned cars, a place where every corner seems to be occupied by prostitutes and flashy drug dealers at night.

Would you want to visit a place like that? Most people wouldn’t.

Although this may sound like a Hol-lywood description of South Central Los Angeles, this used to be downtown San Jose. And this was the problem San Jose’s city developers were facing in the late ’70s and early ’80s. Few people wanted to visit downtown San Jose because there was little here worth visit-ing.

In 1984, a group of 50 individuals gathered around a conference table in downtown San Jose to discuss the future of the city. The group consisted of busi-ness leaders, community leaders and the City Council, with the mayor acting as chairperson. This group consisted of optimists and is still known as the Rede-velopment Agency of San Jose.

According to one of the Redevelop-ment Agency’s many pamphlets, its pri-mary function, when it was established in 1956, was to look at ways of "assist-ing city and county government in elim inating blight from a designated area, and to achieve desired development, reconstruction and rehabilitation of resi-dential, conunercial, industrial, and retail." Hence, the name "redevelop-ment."

In 1984, the agency was faced with the biggest challenge in its 28 years of existence.

In roughly under a year, the agency hammered out a plan it hoped would radically improve San Jose. Included in the 10-year strategy were plans for a convention center, first-rate hotels to serve conventioneers, arts facilities and a sports facility where the Center for Performing Arts currently stands.

In 1984, these 50 individuals probably looked like a group of loonies.

"Probably one-third of the people sit-tiAg around that conference table had little or no confidence in the plan they had drawn up," said Pat Dando, assis-tant to the executive director for the Redevelopment Agency. "I mean, how could they, looking around at the city in the terrible shape it was in?"

San Jose now has its own convention center � The San Jose McEnery Con-vention Center � which opened in 1987. Although not large enough to draw such high-billing conventions as the Democratic or Republican National Conventions, it can and has facilitated many gatherings, some with as many as

Teammates share a group hug after the only goal of the team’s 1-0 win. 8,000 conventioneers.

San Jose has not one, but two nation-ally recognized "class" hotels. Not only did the city get the Fairmont Hotel in 1987, but the $42 million Hilton Hotel and Towers opened up in the fall of 1992 to support the travelers visiting the con-vention center. The $20.5 million renova-tion of one of the city’s historic hotels, the Hotel St. Claire was also completed earlier this year.

As far as arts facilities, the city has its own San Jose Museum of Art, which cel-ebrated the opening of it $14 million addition in 1990. There are also the San Jose Institute of Contempo-rary Art, the Center for Per-forming Arts and the Chil-dren’s Discovery Museum, all in the downtown area.

On Sept. 7, the $132.6 mil-lion San Jose Arena opened, giving San Jose a 20,000-seat, multipurpose event center. It also gave the San Jose Sharks, the city’s professional hockey franchise team, a permanent home. With the opening of the San Jose Arena, the agency succeeded in completing the bulk of the 1984-85 plan. A sports facili-ty, hotels, arts facilities and a convention center could all be found downtown. Amazingly enough, the 12-year plan was completed in only eight years.

"There are many agencies like us in

different cities, but most of them get lost in political gridlock or waste," Dando said.

Richard Rios, one of the agency’s two deputy directors, agrees.

"If you have any form of government that wants to drag its feet, you’ll get nothing done," Rios said.

He credits the current successes of the agency not only to the volunteers and administrators, but to former mayor Tom McEnery, and the current mayor, Susan Hammer. He said without strong efforts of the Redevelopment Agency’s Executive Director Frank Taylor to get

things done quickly the first time, it would have made "the whole process more sluggish and less successful."

Human dedication is one thing, but how does the Rede-

velopment Agency pay tor all of these multimillion-dollar protects’ According to the agency’s biannual report, the agency "uses redevelopment tax rev-enues in combination with federal, state and private capital sources to fund its capital program’

Most of the money comes from spe-cial tax increment revenues on the land owned by the agency and the city that is being redeveloped. In other words, as a project is finished, its property value increases and the extra taxes gained on

this land is then reinvested into other redevelopment projects.

Since this is not enough money to pay for all the projects the agency is involved in, the agency also issues bonds. These bonds are paid off with the tax-increment revenues from completed projects.

There is also some money that is donated by local business leaders and communities that will benefit from any one of the projects the agency is under-taking. Eventually, a lot of the money becomes a recycling of redevelopment project cash.

According to the agency’s 1990-92 biannual report, the agency’s total assets and other debits in 1992 came to $1.08 billion. This may seem like an astronom-ical number, but after all outgoing bills were paid, the 1992 balance was just under $152 million, which will then be reinvested in next year’s projects.

The Redevelopment Agency is not perfect however. Some projects have failed, and others have had to be dropped, whether it be lack of money or opportunity. Most notable was the stadi-um for the Giants voted on by the local citizens.

The agency is also not without its opponents, but it’s not quick to name names. "There is no one group or indi-vidual who has been a thorn in our side, but you could find the names of people who have spoken out against us," Dando said.

Perhaps the most obvious failure of the Redevelopment Agency has been its inability to convince retail businesses to come into the downtown area. The great shining example of this, which is like a permanent sore, is the Pavilion.

While the multimillion-dollar shop-ping facility is still one of the cleanest outdoor mall-like venues around, it can’t keep its store spaces leased. The Redevelopment Agency will not let the current and possible future of the Pavil-ion bring it down. Rios said.

As far as the future of the city, the Redevelopment Agency is working on a multitude of projects

There’s the new Tech Museum of Innovation that will be adjacent to the Children’s Discovery Museum. There’s the renovation of the historic Fox Cali-fornia Theater and a new San Jose Repertory Theater.

There are also many projects involv-ing creation of low- and moderate-income housing in and around the city, and even more involving the improve-ment of some of the city’s old business storefronts and neighborhoods. And of course. they are already working on a plan for the year 2010.

December 7, 1993 9

Developers, officials seek key to thriving downtown By Marcia Lepler

The Paseo Plaza Condomini-ums will soon rise across from SJSU on Fourth Street with six stories of one-, two- and three-bedroom units. Scheduled for completion in the summer of 1995, each will cost between $190,000 and $305,000.

Up First Street, a few blocks south of City Hall, Ryland Mews condominiums and townhouses will be ready in February, starting at $115,000.

City officials hope such high-density housing projects, financed with private money and Redevelopment Agency public funds, will entice down-town workers and suburbanites downtown. Throughout the next two decades, the agency aims to increase the downtown stock of housing from roughly 900 units to about 8,000.

"Housing is the missing link in the city’s goal of creating a 24-hour downtown � one where the sidewalk does not roll up after 5 p.m.," said Daniel Gaff an SJSU urban and regional planning professor who specializes in housing issues.

The question is whether this kind of housing can succeed. Will enough of it be affordable to the largest segment of down-town workers � nonprofes-sionals? And will professionals choose downtown San Jose over other options?

Extra tax revenue According to Bob Leninger,

deputy executive director of the Redevelopment Agency, if plans are successful, downtown will gain the critical mass of people it needs to support existing businesses and attract new ones. That retail base will add sales-tax revenues to the city’s coffers � revenues that Gaff said are needed to finance local services to residents.

In 1992, increased business activity from Redevelopment projects infused more than $6 million into the general fund, according to agency statistics.

10 December 7, 1993

But some affordable-housing advocates are angry, saying the city has no business promoting upscale housing when units for low- and very low-income peo-ple are in such short supply.

At the time of the 1990 cen-sus, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Develop-ment evaluated San Jose’s exist-ing living units and found a

shortfall of roughly 26,000 units afford-able to households earning less than 50 percent of the medi-an income.

"We are in a peri-od of time when our communi-ty has to pick and choose � to set pnorities for its limited resources," said Billie Wachter, a 75-year-old affordable-hous-ing advocate. "All public money should be for the provi-sion of very low- and low-income housing."

Very low- and low-income

’With homeless people and drug addicts under my window, it’s added a real balance. You can get buried in Saratoga and forget there are people without much money’

Billye Ericksen Downtown Trident

people earn less than 67 percent of the county median; moder-ate-income earners about 68 percent to 120 percent of the median; and upper income exceeds 120 percent of the median. In May, Santa Clara County’s median income was $41,500 for one person, $47,450 for two people and $59,300 for a family of four.

City officials insist that resi-dents with disposable income will balance downtown, where roughly two-thirds of house-holds are classified as low or

very low income by the Depart-ment of Housing. And they say lower-income housing exists in San Jose � just not downtown.

"People with more money naturally spend it more often, and that will support the retail-ers who have invested time and money here," said Francine Principe, retail marketing direc-tor for the Downtown Associa-tion. She anticipates new resi-dents might soon see a drug-store chain, a new supermarket and some discount stores.

From 1981 through 1992, the city financed more than 3,000 lower-income units and 400 emergency shelter and transi-tional-housing beds. Funds come from the Redevelopment Agency, which by California law must set aside 20 percent of its revenue for the rehabilita-tion and construction of very low- and low-income housing.

Luring developers To achieve the city’s down-

town-housing goals, the agency must help with financing and land purchase, Leninger said. Otherwise, housing developers look to build where land is cheaper and more plentiful, easier to buy and where ameni-ties are already in place.

As property is redeveloped, its value increases and its prop-erty taxes rise. The extra money is funneled into the agency.

For the Paseo Plaza Condo-minium project, the agency is contributing roughly $15 mil-lion for land, parking, retail space and public improvements like curbs and sidewalks. The developer and bank are fur-nishing more than $35 million.

As detailed in the Down-town 2010 Strategy Plan of 1992, high-density housing will be concentrated in one of eight clusters scattered throughout the downtown area west of SJSU.

With downtown facilities and a public-transportation net-work, city leaders hope people will seek urban living in greater numbers. "Empty nesters" from the suburbs whose chil-dren are grown, couples with-

San Jose’s Redevelopment Agency is working with developers to create a "24-hour" downtown of residences and businesses.

out children, singles with white-collar jobs, gay singles and couples will come, said John V. Pinto, a downtown real estate broker.

After her divorce four years ago, 57-year-old Billye Ericksen gave up 5,000 square feet of beautiful Saratoga real estate to move into the St. James Place Condominiums.

"I’ve always been curious about urban living. I wanted to get out of the suburbs and be near theaters and restaurants," she said, adding that living downtown has helped her put her own values in perspective. "With homeless people and drug addicts under my win-dow, it’s added a real balance. You can get buried in Saratoga and forget there are people without much money."

Brynn Dockstader moved downtown to be near work. As a court reporter, she walks to law offices for depositions and is close to the courthouse. She especially likes having the ath-letic club right across the street, as well as art galleries, coffee houses and movie theaters within walking distance.

But Bob Rucker doubts

downtown will become the housing magnet the city hopes to create. Three years ago, the SJSU School of Journalism and Mass Communications associ-ate professor moved into the Colonnade apartments across from campus.

But in those three years, he said he had put up with noise, "gangs of drunken students" and crime. And he is just about ready to move out. "We’ve had motorcycles stolen and cars vandalized," Rucker said. "You’re paying a lot of money, but you’re not really secure."

Ron Johnson, president of the Affordable Housing Net-work in San Jose, is more wor-ried about who will be exclud-ed from downtown living than who might decide to come.

According to the Downtown 2010 Strategy Plan, more than 13,000 office and retail employ-ees are expected to fill the busi-ness space scheduled for devel-opment within 20 years.

"Where will the city’s future employees live� the janitors, the hotel and restaurant work-ers and office clerical staff?" he said. "They can’t afford this stuff."

EPA findings prompt superfund-site cleanup By Rachel Luther

Are you living near a toxic dump site? If you’re living in Santa Clara County, you probably are. In fact, the valley of silicon has more superfund sites per mile than any other place in the country; 32 in the South Bay alone with 29 of those in Santa Clara County.

Most of these sites are locat-ed in Sunnyvale, Santa Clara and Saratoga � many of them near Highway 101.

When a piece of land is considered to be one of the worst-contaminated sites in the nation, it is put on the National Priorities List. Money from a superfund is then used to begin cleanup while companies or individuals responsible for the contamination are found and required to reimburse the superfund.

The most notable superfund site in San Jose has been at the Lorentz Barrel & Drum Co., which originally consisted of 10.5 acres at the south corner of South 10th Street and Alma Avenue.

Nearly seven years after the LB&D site was permanently closed, the Envi-ronmental Protection Agency found new documents leading to the discovery of other companies that had done busi-ness with LB&D.

These latest developments came in June when the EPA was alerted to approximately 1,000 new records of Pos-sible Responsible Parties. These PRPs are companies that sent contaminated drums to the LB&D site to be cleaned and prepared for reuse. Some of the PRPs included military bases, research laboratories, county agencies and semi-conductor companies. The seven new PRPs, along with the original 11 parties, are now negotiating with the EPA for superfund reimbursement.

The seven PRP companies currently are looking for a dump site to take the old materials still on the LB&D land.

These materials include structures, sumps (underground pits which collect liquids) and other debris left behind after the more heavily contaminated soil and most of the old drums were removed when the business was perma-nently shut down in 1987.

The EPA initially removed 3,000 cubic yards of highly contaminated soil and more than 26,000 drums. The remainder of the old materials are supposed to be removed by mid-1994.

But most of the activity in the past few years on the LB&D site has been from the original 11 PRPs, which have built a ground-water treatment plant.

The plant has been extracting contami-nants from a shallow ground-water toxic plume that lies in the area under SJSU housing and Spartan Stadium.

According to EPA reports, there is vir-tually no hazard to residents living near or directly over the plume. When the site was closed, tests showed high lev-els of volatile organic com-pounds, including pesticides, were in the ground water. But since the toxins are constantly

being treated with solvents in the plant, someone would have to experience long-term direct contact with the water for it to have a negative effect, said Joe Healy, EPA’s remedial project manager.

Rising toxic vapors Another concern was migration of

vapors into the topsoil from the water. Healy said the EPA was on top of it.

He explained even a worst-case sce-nario (a house built directly over the shallow ground-water plume with a dirt basement), rising vapors would "still be within the EPA’s acceptable risk range, meaning risk is so low that action is not required."

"People who are bringing their dry-cleaning home are probably supplying more vapors to the air than the Lorentz 6r Barrel site ever could," Healy said.

Another decision recently made by the EPA was to cap or pave over most of the site with special materials designed to contain the contaminants in the soil.

These contaminants include volatile organic compounds, pesticides and PCBs. Although community meetings were held on whether to cap or remove the soil completely, there was not a large amount of community action.

"We didn’t have a huge turnout from the community," Healy said.

Part of that low turnout included a few students from SJSU. But the prob-lem was, and still is, most students know nothing about the LB&D site, said Duncan Egan, SJSU Associated Stu-dents director of environmental affairs.

And to worsen matters, the EPA held a special meeting at SJSU to make a final decision about capping the site. The meeting was held just prior to finals week, making it difficult for students to attend.

"Ideally, we wanted it cleaned up," Egan said. But although Egan favored excavation and removal of the contami-nated soil, he realized it was not eco-nomically feasible.

Ted Smith, executive director of the

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This map shows the shallow underground toxic plume that is currently being treated with solvents. All of the wells in the immediate area have been closed since the treatment plant began operation in 1991.

Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, thinks differently. The decision to cap was "clearly selected with the pocketbook in mind instead of the environment in mind," Smith said. "It was a disappoint-ing solution to a complicated situation."

Pushing for removal Some residents who spoke out were

also against the paving and in favor of complete removal of the soil. In an EPA-published report, a resident who lives on 12th Street said, "I feel as a home owner residing in the immediate area and as a resident of Mother Earth there is clearly only one solution, and that is ... excavation and off-site disposal."

But that procedure costs several mil-lion dollars more. "It’s just not cost-effective," Healy said.

The EPA is required by law to deter-mine possible treatment of superfund sites, in part by cost effectiveness.

The cost to the EPA investment in the LB&D site to date is approximately $7 million, and the approximate total cost of the site when finished will be $23 mil-lion, according to EPA figures. And under superfund regulations, the money the EPA has spent on the site will be

reimbursed by the PRPs. The final capping is scheduled to be

done by mid-1996, but the site will never be used for housing or residential development. If for some reason it wasn’t restricted for residential develop-ment, it would take at least a couple of hundred years before it would be acceptable for housing, Healy said.

But the soil is "not all that contami-nated," Healy said, adding EPA indus-trial-site standards were conservative.

Healy said, "A person would have to be ingesting a little soil every day for 30 years before they would notice a differ-ence." He added, "It’s not toxic in the sense of ’Wow, I got some on my hand,’ or ’Wow, I breathed something.�

The city of San Jose has expressed interest in using it as a parking lot for the new ice rink on Alma Avenue.

Since Lorentz died while facing a two-year jail sentence on charges of haz-ardous-waste violations, the land is in probate court. And since Lorentz’s wife is dead and their daughter shows no interest, the land is available. However, whoever does acquire the land will not be financially responsible for toxic cleanup, Healy said.

December 7, 1993 11

Helping the homeless may be hurting, too By Brian Wachter

Some of the people who bat-tle homelessness in Santa Clara County feel their work serves only to solidify the problem.

"We’re perpetuating this sys-tem by providing these hand-outs. We’re institutionalizing homelessness," said George Berhitoe, resource coordinator for InnVision, a Santa Clara Val-ley shelter operator. Inn Vision provides 247 beds to homeless men and women at its seven Santa Clara County shelters.

At an InnVision board meet-ing Wednesday, Berhitoe, who is considering leaving InnVi-sion, proposed the formation of a task force to address institu-tionalization. He envisions a committee composed of home-

less people, Inn Vision staff and community activists. He said the Inn Vision board of directors would decide the task force’s fate today.

Sister Rosemary Statt is a Catholic nun who runs InnVi-sion’s Georgia Travis women’s service center, which offers classes and counseling. She feels homelessness is a problem of societal morality that service providers are contributing to rather than solving.

"Until our country chooses to change the values taught in schools, until politicians pro-mote honest values, until we recover something that looks like a family system, the indus-try of homelessness will main-tain people in the cycle of

poverty and dependency while providing jobs for those who run these agencies," she said.

Sister Statt donates her pay-checks to charity She continues

It’s not support. It is condescension, compulsion � guilt.’

Sister Rosemary Statt T nvis Women’. 0,0111.

to take part in the system she condemns because she feels she can be effective as an educator, rather than just as a service provider.

"I teach women to go for the

High-tech assistance for homeless By Jon Solomon

The Santa Clara Valley Mul-tiservice Center was started in the late-’80s with the intention of becoming a true multiservice center for the homeless � a kind of one-stop shopping, said Murrie Zlotziver, the center’s executive director.

"What it really has evolved into is to try to link agencies electroni-cally using technology to assist agencies in working with the home-less and working poor," he said.

The Homeless Overview Study Task Force’s 1989 report entitled "Homelessness in Santa Clara County," pointed out several ways to curb home-lessness. The study recom-mended setting up a way to track bed availability in shelters around the county.

Another recommendation was to network and create a better communications and coordination system among the agencies that deal with the homeless and working poor.

The downtown-based center was designed to respond to those recommendations with three services: Project SHARE (Santa Clara County Homeless Alliance and Resource Exchange), a community voice-mail project and a shelter-bed hot line. The multiservice cen-ter is funded by the city of San

12 December 7. 1993

Jose’s Housing Department and United Way with funds also generated from the county and from various private corporate foundations.

Project SHARE is a computer network that links together var-ious agencies providing ser-vices to the homeless. LnriVision

and other service providers are linked through an electronic bulletin board system. Case managers of agen-cies can match homeless people with available

shelter space, find food and clothing and schedule appoint-ments with clinics, training cen-ters and other agencies.

Project SHARE was devel-oped by Jerry Burstein, an SJSU professor of management information systems, and SJSU students. hi the spring 1990, a group of students in his infor-mation systems, analysis and design class looked at the problem of homelessness, Burstein said. The students surveyed shelters and inter-viewed people to get some of the information required to set up the system, he said. They also helped design the informa-tion referral software the pro-ject distributes to agencies.

"Our goal for the network would be an easy way to use the network that wouldn’t require a lot of hurdles for peo-ple to work (within the net-

work)," Burstem said. Currently, the software is

being tested at Inn Vision’s Georgia Travis women’s and children’s center. Kerry Luoma, administrative assistant at the center, said she doesn’t use the system much.

"It’s easier to look something up in the Rolodex," she said.

In addition to having a net-work of various agencies, Burstein would eventually like to set up kiosks around the city that provide homeless people with shelter, bed and other information.

"It could be out at a light-rail station," Burstein said.

’What it really has evolved into is to try to link agencies electronically using technology to assist agencies...’

Morrie Moteiver (lora % glen Molt:m.1,4ov Cower

Burstein has a student team looking into the kiosk possibili-ties asking, "What will it take physically to create a pretty strong kiosk that’s accessible to people with a range of reading skill levels, computer literacy

See Multiservice, page 14

jugular in their daily quest to meet their needs," she said while talking about empower-ing women. She tries to teach homeless women, whom she refers to as "women in transi-tion,’ that their "home is in their hearts" and in the support of the women around them.

As for what the social service industry provides, "It’s not support. It is condescension, compulsion � guilt."

Cecelia Warner coordinates Community Inns, an InnVision-run program to house the homeless, which rotates between area churches. The program has been successful at assisting 75 percent to 80 per-cent of the "employed or employable" men in the pro-gram with finding permanent housing.

But she has her doubts about the system she supports.

"You can’t swing a dead cat in this county without hitting a social service agency," she said. "There is a duplication of ser-vices."

County Human Relations Commissioner Jim McEntee disagrees:

"There are a number of agen-cies that provide the same ser-vice, just like there are a num-ber of gas stations available � but we don’t call that duplica-tion."

Warner said there were peo-ple taking advantage of ser-vices � such as working peo-ple who stay in shelters to avoid paying rent � but wasn’t sure what could be done about it.

"How do you dictate when to turn them away? We can’t say, ’You are still homeless after five years � go to hell!"

InnVision’s motto is "A World Without Homelessness." Warner said, "This is not possi-ble until each individual takes responsibility" for his other sit-uation.

Berhitoe agrees. He said self-sufficiency needed to be, but wasn’t always, the goal of those trying to help the homeless.

He decries the "schizo-phrenic existence" of shelter operators who want to end homelessness but "have to keep up the numbers (of homeless clients) or next year, funding gets cut."

About 50 percent of InnVi-sion’s funding comes from state and local government sources and is based on the number of clients served, according to Christine Burroughs, InnVi-sion’s executive director.

Burroughs acknowledges that institutionalization is a hazard facing some homeless. "We have to be careful about that."

The men at InnVision’s Montgomery Street shelter in downtown San Jose are allowed to stay for 60 days free, during which time they are asked to work with an employ-ment counselor, Burroughs said. Those who don’t respond to counseling efforts are asked to leave.

Burroughs gets frustrated when she encounters homeless who "can’t even see their way to grasp the tools we can pro-vide for them."

McEntee said that in provid-ing support to the homeless: "You are always going to get some people who will take advantage of the system. It takes a long period of time to build self-esteem and get peo-ple off aid."

He tells the story of one man who was "employed too quick-ly" through the commission’s help. "He drank his first check. But we didn’t give up on him, and he still has the next job we got him."

When it comes to the hard core of homeless people who reject the system’s guidance, many in the field are reconsid-ering the unqualified support once offered.

"It may be that we are going to have to reevaluate our role" as service providers to the homeless, said Judy Nusbaum, director of resource develop-ment for the Emergency Hous-ing Consortium, which runs the valley’s cold-weather shelters.

McEntee agrees. "Sometimes we do too much hand-hold-ing," he said.

Nusbaum said, "We have a parental instinct to huddle and cuddle them." But Gov. Pete Wilson recently gave the con-sortium an ultimatum � find local funding for its shelters, or shutdown. Nusbaum said local funds were scarce, and beds

Sec Homeless, page 14

CHAC provides alternatives to gangs By Amos Fabian

As youth gangs continue to grow throughout the Silicon Valley, some communities are proposing solutions.

Mountain View is an exam-ple of one of the few cities in the nation to provide counsel-ing to actual or potential gang members, said Capt. Tom Neal from the city’s police force.

"For once, this is something we didn’t copy," Neal said.

Former gang member Bernie Quintero understands the lure gangs provide � cliques form friendships and maintain self-identity.

Armed with this insight, 48-year-old Quintero was hired as an intern by the Community Health Awareness Council to address gang issues in the Mountain View School District. the district serves Slater, Bubb avd Castro elementary schools and Graham Middle School, in addition to Mountain View, Shoreline and Los Altos high schools.

CHAC Development Direc-tor Eileen Protz said they hired Quintero in January to counsel families on alternatives to gang involvement with a six-month, $22,000 grant from the Santa Clara County Bureau of Alco-hol and Drugs.

Protz said the grant was not renewed. Quintero, however, said he still cared about "his" kids at Graham Middle School.

"I can’t let the kids down," he said. "Money is secondary to me."

SJSU’s Michelle Miller, a marriage, family and child counseling graduate student, said she decided to intern at CHAC as a counselor because of the supervision and emphasis on group, individual and fami-ly counseling.

Parents, teachers and coun-selors work together, as a team, to show the kids there is anoth-er way, Miller said. "Kids want to be cool without belonging to a gang," she said.

"Group counseling shows kids they are not alone strug-gling with this pressure."

Quintero said he experienced

PHOTOS BY CHRISTINA MACIAS

Above: Bernie Quintero, right, and a Mountain View police offi-cer discuss the program of helping gang members at the Com-munity Health Awareness Council in Mountain View. A former gang member. Quintero is a counselor at CHAC. Right: A Graham Middle School student shows pride for his country of Mexico by writing a "tattoo" on his arm with a pen.

such pressure firsthand. He grew up in the same East San Jose barrio, Sal si puedes (Span-ish for "get out if you can"), as the late United Farm Workers leader Cesar Chavez

Sharing from experience He said he lacked opportuni-

ties during the early 1960s and older kids taught him and his friends to steal "necessities," such as bicycles and cars. Quintero said he was kicked out of school after speaking Spanish

and eating a burrito in class. Quintero said he used his

background to help the kids. "In the long run, the danger of being shot, stabbed or wound-ed by a rival gang member or even one of your own, as well as the inevitable police records, are not worth it," he said.

CHAC’s Executive Director Janet Goy said the majority of

Mountain View’s identified gang members are Hispanic.

Goy said several factors con-tribute to this majority, includ-ing "crowded living conditions, low family income, lack of supervision after school, lack of after-school activities, parent’s lack of knowledge of communi-ty resources and limited Eng-lish-speaking abilities of both parents and children."

Creating awareness Quintero said one of his

duties as a counselor was to "inform the families, who are usually unaware about commu-nity services."

As a coach in many team sports, Quintero said the best way to pull potential or actual gang members from the street was to get them involved in other activities, especially ath-letic ones.

"A hard game of basketball is a good way to discharge energy, enjoy healthy competi-tion and form new alliances,"

he said. Gay Krause, the principal of

Graham Middle School in downtown Mountain View, said many children expressed feelings of alienation, were vic-timized in school and felt pres-sure to join gangs.

Because many kids are friends of those involved in gangs, Krause said, "It is hard to differentiate between a gang member and a ’wanna-be’ gang member."

Krause said the community was proactive, making sure no clique becomes a "serious" gang � "those kids involved with drugs, weapons and intimidation, followed by acts of harmful violence."

Some of those on-campus community activities include the presence of staff, parents or volunteers, increased aware-ness of the staff regarding gang activities, bilingual workshops for parents on gang activities

and the ban on gang-style clothing, Krause said.

"At this age level, students are not at a stage to freely exer-cise First Amendment rights without possibly causing prob-lems," she said.

Goy said local community members, concerned by the growing number of minors using drugs and alcohol, founded CHAC in 1973.

The organization serves as a training ground for counseling interns who are training for licensing, she said. CHAC’s 52 interns provide free daily coun-seling for schools in the area.

Krause said programs such as CHAC were invaluable. "As long as programs are supported by the police department and the community, I foresee con-tinual success," she said. "If the programs disperse, we will have major problems, including serious gang activities, in our community’

December 7, 1993 13

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Southwest’s arrival is on time for consumers By Richard Espinoza and Debra Myers

In the past, air travel almost always meant hot meals and having your luggage ferried from gate to gate. Now, air travelers’ comfort comes increasingly from knowing how much money they’ve saved on their tickets � even if it means packing snacks and haul-ing their own luggage to connecting flights.

Instead of relying on big airlines that offer a host of unnecessary, but expected, amenities, the San Jose com-muter and Silicon Valley vaca-tioner can now look forward to

Homeless

basic, standard cattle-call air travel, which business travelers avoid whenever their bosses allow.

Business travelers make up almost half of San Jose’s travel-ers � one of the highest per-centages of any U.S. airport.

Lori Bell of Gateway Travel in San Jose said busi-ness travelers were especially particular about seat assignments.

"When you fly as much as they do, they like to know they can

get an aisle or they like to know they can get a window. And Southwest doesn’t pre-assign, and that bugs them."

While business travelers may

miss the lost amenities, the cor-responding cheaper fares are exactly what leisure travelers want.

"The consumer is gaining in all this," said David Ulmer, vice president of planning for Roberts & Associates, a trans-portation consulting firm.

Since American Airlines cut its San Jose service from 67 to 27 flights a day, Southwest Air-lines and RenoAir have moved in and more than made up for the reduction in flights with a combined total of 57 flights, a 43 percent increase in service.

The increase mirrors the effect Southwest had at Oak-land Airport when the airline introduced service there in

1989. Oakland Airport served 2.5 million more customers in 1991 than it did in 1987, before Southwest’s entry.

’You’re not going to die if you have to eat peanuts on your way to Dallas.’

Lori Bell Gomm, Tnna4

In contrast, when American first built its hub in San Jose, the airport saw an annual increase of only 200,000 passen-gers during the same time pen-

od that Oakland’s passenger load skyrocketed, according to an independent report by Roberts & Associates.

During this period, Oakland took over San Jose’s ranking as the second largest Bay Area air-port, behind San Francisco International Airport, for origin and destination passengers � passengers who either begin or end their journey in the Bay Area.

According to Ulmer, South-west has the same growth potential available at San Jose, and he predicts the airport will see a lot more local passengers and fewer long-haul passen-gers.

See Airport, page 15

From page 12

might have to be reserved for people who were willing to move toward self-sufficiency.

Even at the technological forefront of assistance, there is second-guessing.

Murrie Zlotziver, who runs the new Multiservice Center that provides voice mail for job hunting and a toll-free bed hotline number to the valley’s homeless, said, "We may have to make a decision when to take (hard-core homeless) out of the system."

The foremost barriers to accepting help for the homeless are mental illness and addiction. A 1988 Rand Corporation study estimated that 30 percent of Cali-fornia’s homeless were afflicted with

Multiservice From page 12

levels, things like that?" The second area of the multiservice

center is the voice mail system, in which homeless individuals get their own phone number that they can access from anywhere and listen to their messages, Zlotziver said.

They can put that number down on applications for jobs or housing " so the individuals get a place to call and they’re not getting a message center at a shelter," he said.

Currently, 11 agencies are participat-ing in the pilot project that started in July. The system is being used with some success, though it is only four months old.

"It’s worked really well," Luoma said. She also said she’s had seven to 10 peo-ple use the system successfully.

14 December 7, 1993

mental illness. Inn Vision operates Santa Clara County’s only shelter for mentally ill homeless.

Berhitoe said if our society wanted to end homelessness, developing an ade-quate mental health system would be a first step.

A 1988 national study found 34 per-cent of homeless people to be substance abusers. Walter Shannon, director of the county-funded Odyssey recovery house, said that his 62-bed facility could fill 200 beds if the funding was there.

Every addict and alcoholic must enter a detoxification facility before entering a recovery home. There are only 16 beds available countywide.

Burroughs sees an ever-increasing

number of addicts and alcoholics on the street and is alarmed at the county’s efforts to reduce the numbers of beds available for residential treatment.

Don Dunlap, facilities manager of Odyssey, said the county wanted to implement a "central intake unit." Here the county, rather than the recovery home, would determine the level of care required by each client.

Unfortunately, Dunlap said, the coun-ty wants to turn the emphasis from resi-dential to outpatient care. Without a 24-hour-a-day clean-and-sober environ-ment, "some of these people don’t have a prayer at staying sober," he said.

He said long-term sobriety was usu-ally achieved through a 12-step recovery

In addition to being a place to pick up messages, the systems encourage per-sonal growth.

"It’s been found that it really enhances an individuals self esteem because it’s something they have that’s their own," Zlotziver said of the voice mail.

The multiservice center’s project was based on one done in Seattle. One of findings of the Seattle project was increased self esteem.

The Seattle project discovered that the time it takes to find a job or housing has decreased from nine months to three to five months.

"That’s a pretty dramatic turn around," Zlotziver said. He hopes to see the same results in San Jose.

"The ultimate goal is shortening the length of time people need to stay sup-ported by the social service system," he

said. "The goal is to make them as self sufficient as we can in the shortest time."

About 28 people have used the system so far as participants in a pilot program. "We’ve had 20 success stories where peo-ple have found housing or employment or both who have been connected with social services," he said. "We’ve also had people just disappear."

The third area in the multiservice cen-ter is a toll free 24-hour shelter hot line, which people can use to find out which agencies have beds available. After dial-ing 1 -800-7-SHELTER, people can choose to hear a recording in English or Span-ish.

From the main menu, they can choose the type of shelter sought, whether it be for single men, single men and women, women, women with children, or fami-lies and youths.

program � but that it was hard to "get people involved in 12-step programs in a short period of time."

The homeless have an even more acute need for inpatient treatment, Dun-lap said, because after "maybe one hour a day" of outpatient treatment, they return to a homeless environment per-meated by substance abuse.

Inn Vision’s alcohol counseling was reduced from six days a week to one because of to cuts in funding, Burroughs said.

One of the things that irks Berhitoe about the fund-raising efforts of InnVi-sion is "they never talk about drug addiction or estrangement from family" when soliciting funds.

A 1989 County Board of Supervisors task force on homelessness issued a report that found 62 percent of the coun-ty’s homeless had family in the area. This infuriates Berhitoe:

"I would close (InnVision’s) men’s shelter and tell them to go home.

"I talked to one man who has a sister living here. I asked him why he didn’t move in with her. He said, ’It would be inconvenient.’ Another woman with a sister in the area said, ’Two women can’t get along.’"

"In any other country in the world, you just don’t see this," said Berhitoe, who returned recently from a two-year Peace Corps assignment in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

McEntee doesn’t see closing shelters or limiting access to services as a solu-tion.

"What that says is that anyone who hasn’t made a decision not to be home-less, let’s let them die on the street," he said.

5

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Students From page 3

didn’t do well because of lan-guage inefficiencies and were put in remedial classes.

Garcia’s dream is to have more bilingual education in the higher education system. Some immigrant students, she said, spend three years in Eng-lish-as-a-second-language pro-grams and end up dropping out of college because they have to work to support them-selves.

Villa agrees. "We need to hire teachers who are truly bilingual" and speed the rate in which students complete ESL, he said. "ESL shoots down a lot of their time."

However, bilingual-educa-tion programs are opposed by many, such as Rep. Toby Roth, R-Wis., who believes English is the bond that unites Ameri-cans.

He asks the question, "How can new immigrants assimilate into American society if they can perform so many basic functions only in their native languages?"

Patricia Nichols, professor

of linguistics and language development, started teaching at SJSU in the early ’80s. She began noticing an increase in the numbers of students whose native languages were not English. Nichols said there were adequate classes to teach foreign-born students reading and writing skills, but that the university should offer a pro-gram of speech classes specifi-cally designed for accent reduction, a program the state doesn’t fund.

In a language study of SJSU students written in part by Nichols last year, 27 percent were estimated to be bilingual based on their country of ori-gin.

The "biggest predictor of success in college classes was if students had extensive expo-sure to written English � used in and outside composition classes.’

Nichols encouraged stu-dents to use English at home, as well as with friends. But many immigrant students tend to hang out with people who speak their native lan-guage. Villa said an added

problem was their parents usually did not speak English, so they didn’t get the practice needed at home either.

Hien Do, professor of soci-ology at SJSU, said the lan-guage barrier was the biggest problem with inunigrant stu-dents. He said it was difficult to balance the lecture between immigrant students and those who were born in the U.S.

"They look up every word and do not really understand the whole context of the read-ings you assign them," Do said. "Immigrant students need more time to read, understand and analyze.

"Also, many immigrant stu-dents have to work, help out with their families and spend extra time studying, so they don’t have the opportunity to be involved in social activi-ties.’

A challenge in the home environment of immigrant stu-dents is their parents have a tremendous amount of expec-tations in terms of how well they should do, he said. They are usually persuaded toward more technical fields � math,

sciences and engineering. "Their hearts may not be in

the physical sciences," Do said, "but they are driven that way. Their opportunities are limited in that sense."

Do added that children had a sense of obligation to do well and become what their parents wanted them to be. He said the instant gratification of monetary rewards in these types of careers was another reason they fell into these fields.

As tuition and fees increase, many immigrant families must choose which of their children can go to school.

"On one hand," Do said, "you have this dilemma of having to go to school in order to better your lives. On the other hand, you find this prob-lem of having to pay for that because you don’t have the necessary resources."

Do added that immigrant students rarely had professors who could serve as role mod-els for them. These students need mentors before there can be a change in the culture of American education.

He suggested workshops for faculty members to give them alternatives to avoid the tunnel vision of getting a degree in "X, Y, Z." Many studies indicate that whether or not a person succeeds in school has a lot more to do with "what kind of mentor that person has, as opposed to how smart that person is."

The shortage of minority teachers stems from the low numbers of minorities earning advanced degrees. In the Unit-ed States, only 708 Hispanics earned advanced degrees in 1991, according to the Nation-al Research Council in Wash-ington. By contrast, doctorates were awarded to 21,859 whites that year.

Most experts agree that higher education is a vehicle for upward mobility. "People who come to the U.S. do want to contribute to the society," said Garcia, who is an immi-grant herself. According to the National Center for Education statistics, the ability of adults to effect change or improve their economic status is direct-ly linked to the literacy rate.

From page 14

"As far as people traveling on their own money, they shop for price," Bell said. "They could care less if they have to bring a snack. You’re not going to die if you have to eat peanuts on your way to Dallas."

Ulmer agreed, saying low fares are a driving factor.

"In short-haul mar-kets, consumers are look-irg to get from one place to another," he said.

And big airlines, with their high pay and low productivity, find it difficult to compete in short-haul markets, he added.

"San Jose Airport will see a lot more local passengers and fewer long-haul passengers," Ulmer said.

SJSU economics Professor Roger Folsom said the smaller companies’ airplanes, which often have no galleys to restock, spend far less time on the ground than those of the bigger

airlines � a crucial factor in the short-haul market.

"There’s no question South-west is driving the rest of the industry bananas," Folsom said.

The changing face of San Jose’s airport is reminiscent of

the days when PSA’s airplanes sported broad smiles � before USAir bought the regional air-line in 1987.

Today, the smaller airlines try to present a

fun, friendly atmosphere with flight crews dressed more like their leisure passengers.

"Southwest tries to have a fun atmosphere, but I think it tends to look less professional," Bell said. "People who are trav-eling for leisure tend to get a kick out of the fact that they wear shorts and things like that.

"But I’ve heard some people say that they don’t like that, because if there was an emer-

gency and you’re looking around for a flight attendant, you’re going to see somebody standing there in shorts. You’re not going to see somebody with a professional uniform saying, ’Go to this exit.’"

The resurgence of the small-er airline has not had the antici-pated impact on the airport’s finances. Even though Ameri-can provided 70 percent of the airport’s business, the airport has refinanced revenue bonds, cut full-time jobs and has begun charging for the first half-hour of airport parking.

Southwest and RenoAir may also be able to compensate by generating comparable landing fees for the airport.

With low fares designed to attract more travelers, South-west and RenoAir can bring in the same amount of money as bigger airlines because the landing fees are based on the weight of the planes.

In addition, low fares may

stimulate traffic, thus increas-ing revenue earned by a $3 per passenger charge levied on the airlines.

The traveler may not experi-ence a big loss. Rather, flying in

En

and out of San Jose will change, with upstarts taking over the north-south routes that Ameri-can abandoned and American still providing long-haul, east-west routes.

Frompage 3

percent granted refugee status (as suffering political persecu-tion) by the U.S. State Depart-ment are Jews, with the rest being Pentecostal Christians.

Other groups, such as ethnic Russians of Orthodox Christian background, are not eligible, as they are not deemed to have been persecuted in Russia.

In 1992, for the second year in a row, more people immi-grated from the former Soviet Union to the U.S. than from any other nation, according to INS statistics. About 20,000 Russian immigrants, Jews and non-Jews, have arrived in the Bay Area in recent years.

Most have settled in San Francisco’s Richmond District and, to a lesser extent, Berkeley and Silicon Valley. Many of the recent Russian immigrants to the San Jose area are Jewish. Since 1977, JR.; has helped near-ly 3,000 Soviet immigrants, mostly Jews, to resettle in the South Bay, according to Jarkov.

With funding from the Jew-ish Federation of Greater San Jose, they have settled into apartments and have been offered English lessons.

Michael Rumer said his chil-dren would know the Jewish traditions and be proud of their heritage, while in Russia they couldn’t have done so.

December 7, 1993 15

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EPA warning clears out valley smokers By Laura Kleinman

The only sucking sound Ross Perot might hear this January will come from the faces of Silicon Valley smokers standing outside workplaces and restau-rants to inhale tobacco smoke � fumes that the Environmental Protection Agency classified as a toxic substance even when received secondhand.

In spite of dumping more than $1 million in the state’s political ring last year, the tobacco industry is losing its footing in California. Since publication of the EPA findings, the state govern-ment can’t ban smoking fast enough to meet local anti-smokers’ needs.

Rather than hold their breath for a comprehensive state ban, cities across the state are removing smokers � butts and all � independently. At last count, 59 cities and counties in California, in-cluding Los Angeles and San Francisco, had passed ordinances banning smok-ing in restaurants and all workplaces.

Among them are Berkeley, Burlin-game, Fremont, Los Gatos, Oakland and San Mateo, with Santa Clara and San Jose poised to pass the latest restrictions.

Efforts at local level "’here is the potential that the state

could pass alternate legisla-tion that could pre-empt local ordinances," said Andrea Leiderman, assis-tant to San Jose City Coun-cilman Jim Beall. "By taking action now, it shows the state that we’re serious."

Beall’s support of a smok-ing ban resulted in San Jose City Coun-cil’s approval of a preliminary recom-mendation in October to create an anti-smoking ordinance banning smoking in all public places, with the exception of card clubs, bingo haIN and bars that are physically separated from restaurants. The new ordinance, passed last month, will take effect Dec. 30.

Taking a stricter stance, the Santa Clara City Council voted 6-1 last month on a proposal that would ban smoking in every public building, including bars, bowling alleys, bingo halls and private banquet rooms. Outdoor restaurants are the only exception.

According to Bob Azlauskas, an assis-tant in the city clerk’s office, the Council will hear from the public today before a final vote to adopt an ordinance.

Ken DeHart and his wife Vicky have managed a Santa Clara bingo hall for three years. They said their club and the five charities it supports would be adversly affected by the proposed ban.

"Thousands of homeless people who are influenced by our bingo will be hurt

16 December 7, 1993

drastically because of it," DeHart said. If the ordinance goes into effect,

DeHart said it would probably close down bingo in Santa Clara. "As you can see," his wife pointed out, "75 percent of our people are sitting in the smoking area."

So where will the customers go? The DeHarN said they would go to San Jose, where bingo halls have been made exempt. "They’ll drive as far as they have to so that they can smoke and play bingo," his wife said.

Mike, a volunteer at the DeHarN’ bingo hall who would only give his first name, said the proposal should take patrons’ activities into account.

"I don’t smoke, and I think in restau-rants it’s disgusting," he said. "But, when it comes to recreation, I think that’s a little private and personal. If people want to go some place for recre-ation, I think they should be allowed to smoke.

"As far as a restaurant, it takes you 20 minutes to a half an hour to eat, and if you can’t live without a cigarette for 20 minutes then you’re going to die any-way, so what difference does it make?"

Gail Guerrera, a Watsonville resident who smokes while playing bingo at the

Santa Clara bingo hall, said the proposal was too strong.

"It’s getting so you’d better give up smoking because you can’t smoke anywhere. I feel like I’m in high school where we had to hide in the bath-room to smoke."

University campuses are also banning smoking. SJSU’s campus, along with the other 19 CSU campuses, will have to comply with legislation that will take effect on Jan. 1.

Assemblywoman Jackie Speier, D-Burlingame, introduced legislation that turned an executive order, issued by Gov. Pete Wilson last January, into law and expanded it to include state univer-sities. Under the new law, smokers will have to stand at least five feet from building entrances.

This year’s wave of smoking bans was set off by an EPA report released in January that declares secondhand smoke a toxic substance with no safe threshold.

According to Steve Heilig, director of public health and education for the San Francisco Medical Society, 37,000 non-smokers die of heart disease caused by environmental tobacco smoke, and an additional 12,000 deaths are caused by other ETS-linked diseases each year.

Several tobacco companies intend to contest the EPA findings. Steve Parrish, senior vice president of Philip-Morris

PHOTO BY CHRISTINA MACIAS

Dina, a bartender at Club Oasis on North First Street, has a busy Saturday night. This club, like others in San Jose with bars physically separated from restaurants, will be exempt from the city’s new nonsmoking ordinance slated to go into effect Dec. 30.

USA, announced last June that the EPA’s risk assessment of ETS as a Group A carcinogen was invalid.

R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Philip-Morris and several others have filed suit in US. District Court for the middle district of North Carolina to have that EPA risk assessment declared null and void, Parrish said.

The tobacco industry’s contribution of more than $1.2 million to the state Legislature in 1991-92, a contribution topped only by the California Medical Association, has resulted in a lucrative war for local politicians.

Efforts at state level State Assembly Bill 13, originally a

comprehensive statewide anti-smoking bill introduced in February by Assem-blyman Terry Friedman, D-Encino, will be considered by the Senate Judiciary Committee next month.

What started out as a bill to ban smoking at all indoor workplaces statewide, has been amended to exclude hotels, motels, retail or wholesale tobac-co shops, private smoker’s lounges, cabs or motor trucks or truck tractors, bars and taverns, warehouse facilities, gam-ing clubs, public convention center facil-ities, theatrical production sites and research or treatment sites.

"The ban still covers more than 90 percent of California workplaces," said Cathy Leonard, assistant to Friedman. "It will still supersede anything that’s less than a total ban."

According to Leonard, AB 13 is better than an alternative bill supported by the

tobacco industry. AB 996, introduced to the Legislature in April by Curtis R. Tucker, D-Inglewood, proposed limited statewide smoking restrictions. For instance, it would not affect restaurants with fewer than 50 seats.

According to Friedman, the purpose of Tucker’s bill was to undermine AB 13. A statement issued by Friedman said the "measure was a political ploy to derail his own, stronger bill. AB 996 is a tobacco-industry Trojan horse.

It has the exterior appearance of restricting smoking, yet upon examina-tion, it is a ploy by the tobacco industry to stop the momentum for the total workplace smoking ban."

Although AB 996 survived the 80-ni2mber Assembly by a vote of 43-33 on June 3, 1993, the Senate never voted on it. Had it passed, any local ordinances passed after April 1, 1993, would have been reversed, including a tentatively approved ban in nearly 7,000 eateries in Los Angeles.

According to Laurie Ellis, Tucker’s legislative aid, their office will not pur-sue AB 996 any further and has no plans to introduce any additional limited anti-smoking legislation.

Leonard said, "AB 996 could still be resurrected."

The struggle to pass any strong anti-smoking law at the state level typifies an assertion by researchers at the UCSF School of Medicine: California has become the "busiest and costliest battle-field in the war between the nation’s cig-arette manufacturers and anti-smoking interests."