SAFETY

INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT

ENGR. MUHAMMAD SAJID LECTURER DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, UOG

Safety: • Accident prevention to loss prevention • Worker safety to whole plant • Loss prevention includes Hazard

identification, technical evaluation and design engineering to prevent loss.

• “ Prevention of accidents via appropriate technologies for identification of hazards in a chemical plant and eliminating before accident happens”

• Hazard: A condition having potential to cause damage to human, environment, property.(Chemical & Physical)

• Risk: A measure of loss either human injury, environmental damage or economic loss

ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT

An accident or a mishap is an unforeseen and unplanned event or circumstance, often with lack of intention or necessity.

Incident: An individual occurrence or event.

Incident: An unplanned, undesired event that hinders completion of a task and may cause injury, illness, or property damage or some combination of all three in varying degrees from minor to catastrophic. Unplanned and undesired do not mean unable to prevent. Unplanned and undesired also do not mean unable to prepare for Crisis planning is how we prepare for serious incidents that occur that require response for mitigation.

Accident: Definition is often similar to incident, but supports the mindset that it could not have been prevented. An accident is the opposite of the fundamental intentions of a safety program, which is to find hazards, fix hazard, and prevent incidents. When we accept that accidents have no cause, we assume that they will happen again.

Near Miss: A subset of incidents that could have resulted in injury, illness or property damage, if given a different set of circumstances, but didn't. Near misses are also known as 'close calls.' Perhaps the better term to consider is 'near hit.'

SAFETY AND HEALTH AT

WORKPLACE

Employer’s responsibilities

Provide a safe and healthy workplace.

Familiar with safety and health standards.

Ensure workplace conditions conform to safety standards.

Employer’s rights

Seek advice from government agencies.

Receive advice on safety and health regulations.

SAFETY AND HEALTH AT

WORKPLACE

Employee’s responsibilities

Follow all employer safety and health rules and regulations.

Report hazardous conditions to the supervisor.

Employee’s rights

Demand safety and health on the job without fear of punishment.

MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

Accidents can be prevented by reducing accident-causing conditions and accident-causing acts.

Safety starts with management commitment.

Management to be personally involved in safety activities.

MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

Give safety matters high priority.

Provide safety training to all workers.

Safety policy

Analyze accidents and take corrective / preventive actions.

ACCIDENTS STATISTICS

Pakistan 17.4 Fatalities per 100000 inhabitants per year

2300.0* Fatalities per 1,00,000 motor vehicles

Road Accident 2013

TYPES OF INDUSTRIES IN PAKISTAN

Agriculture

17,518,204 labor force employed

Manufacturing

6,005,487 workers

Service

10,586,309 working

Statistics as of year 2011

51%

18%

31%

ACCIDENTS – SECTOR WISE

Pakistan Board of Statistics (PSB): Labor Force Report FY 2010-11

49.8

16.8 14

11.3

8.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Agriculture Manufacturing Construction wholesale retail &trade

transport &communicaton

AGRICULTURE – SOME BASIC INFO

Agriculture has an est. 45% of the total work force population 66% are females

25% are children

GDP contribution – 21% (2011-12)

They are made to do work in the most abject of conditions No proper safety procedures are followed

Mostly illiterate so don‟t have awareness of occupational hazards

MANUFACTURING – BASIC INFO

GDP contribution – 25.8% (as of 2011) Employment contribution – 20.1% (2010-11)

Main industries are

Textile Cement Fertilizer Sugar Food processing Oil & Gas

NUMBER OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS BY NATURE

Nature of Accidents

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Total 354 404 415 438 460 449 326

Fatal 32 34 38 50 85 108 45

Serious 103 68 101 106 130 92 62

Minor 219 302 276 282 245 239 219

Source: Report on Labour & Human Resource Statistics 2000 - 2010 Government of Pakistan, Dept. Ministry of labour and manpower (HRD wing)

PAKISTAN LABOR AND HUMAN

RESOURCE STATISTICS

The number of industrial accidents increased from 354 to 449 during 2000 to 2008

In year 2011 alone, the reported number of fatal accidents went up to 101

27%

WHAT CAUSES ACCIDENTS

Three basic causes of workplace accidents:

1. Chance occurrence

Beyond management control.

2. Unsafe conditions

3. Unsafe acts on the part of the employees

UNSAFE CONDITIONS

WHAT CAUSES ACCIDENTS?

Unsafe conditions Improperly guarded equipment

Defective equipment

Hazardous procedures in, on, or around machines or equipment

Unsafe storage—congestion, overloading

Improper illumination—glare, insufficient light

Improper ventilation—insufficient air change, impure air source

High Danger Zones • Forklifts, wheel barrows and

other handling and lifting areas. • Metal and woodworking

machines and saws • Transmission Machinery • Stairs, ladders and scaffolds • Crane Operations

UNSAFE ACTS

Accident can’t happened to me………….

LABOR LAWS

The only legislation on health and safety is the „Hazardous Occupation Rule 1963‟ under the Factories Act 1934.

Practically, the above mentioned laws are obsolete and do not conform to international practices

It does not give coverage to the workers in the agriculture sector, informal/house-based and seasonal workers

THANKS

Questions and Discussion