" Aove All INations is IHumanity" t .

l~t1 o~nury HRQ-O] O AWAIIANT ISSUE~t'~flS~?Y

fla aw e eao aandih, ~m-Telfeo h ln si

179 ~at f aanCHRNOYo EVETaIlAWII'S HaISTRY173h cenuy -Japaesecjnk ~tuchenthe oasdt ofMai.

1795 - Islads dicoer~edya Getno157- Sanhship wreKckediatoKona, Hawaii.

1~19 arlitoSndwfidoarybhKea.a,1819 Death of Cpai ooKalkkuHaai1792 -Arival of CaptainwhalcouveraKaakka1873 ancouer' eo ndrt vis~eit. noduced ores1894- Vandcvers thid Ovisit.e is gihne e ~~~h1842 - Kaehaoeha Iono nduere Ohu.~ wie $ae18103-- Cesion o acsi t a oehand teGhata1143- Aoition o inndlarybyKae by kea Io~s1849 - Det oof uded wth a 4 t1820 -tArriva of firt haesho ~i. ta~18275--Arrival of )first Catholicnrissonris

1842 L- ecogioofindependiehncedyteUte dSates18873 Proiinaltictsion pofaislndsteGet4rtan183 - IRestotion o' l enedcebyyRAdmiralThomas

1849 Traty onclaued itnited Staten.o1891 -Protctorate offered tlio Unie tts

185 - ArratonMormonrMsseoares1898 Reoiprocity treatyith UtteStae

1900 -Terrinsttira onroclt amu.

18912 - Deaih of KalakauarinSan Franciscolne t1Ini~u18917- Aceasionofqueen Liliokani.

1893 Reatblicof PrHawav aaiietbinod w ita-.ord .ho~e as Presiet

to8-Anee the United State s %.e~~o tet ya~

Official organ or the Publihed twice a monthindiana Chapt3r, 41st at Indiana UniversityCLapter of the .THE; COtO REOCTT throughout the choolCo'inmppolitan Clubs. y a.

Myrtle E. Bush - Andre., e V-ia ranc e EiswT h -

Editors of thi Sass- , oyden Sunumago - Francis Wong.

iH WAIIAN IAM O TACHY, 1732 - 189 3,

Kam.harrha I 1737 1782-1819Kamehameha II 1797 1819-1824Regency of KaahumamD and Kalaimoku 1824-18 3 3Karehameha III 1813 1833-1854Kamehameha ITV 1834 18)4-1863Kamehameha V 1830 133-1872Lunalilo 1835 1873-1874Kalakana 1836 1874-1891-Lilinokalani 1838 1891-1893 (Deposed Jan.17,1893)

-- *-

HIRTO Y O HAT AIIAN 'U IC--- Royd n T. Susumago

Whenever mention in made of the music of Hawaii we naturallyassociate it with the Rteel-guitar and the ukulele. Unfortunatelypeople consider any music played on these inqtrumentn'as Hawaiian.This if a grievous mistake, for the music of Hawaii is just anCharacteristic and unforgetable as the music of an Italian boatmana^ he Rends hip gondola along, or, that of Spain with her falteringduple time,castanete, and the peculiar tune intervals. Hawaiianmu'ic-those beautiful melodies, like sweet eented lowerr, like nectar-han that luring beauty and that inexplicable almost inscrutable,something,more powerful than the lotun-blosom,more atin'ying thanthe water of Lethe,which never fail to charm. It produces pure,unadulterated pleasure which,once tanted,in not easy to forgo.

Any attempt at explanation as to why that music has thosequalities I have enumrated above must end in fruit leddnappointment;it can only b3 confectured. In the writer's opinin-,there aredelineated.in Hawaiian music over-abundance of pptimnism, completesatisfaction, love of nature and all things beautiful languor,sennuousnes,love of peace both mental and physical. The Hawaiianrace has never suffered the yoke of subjugation and pppremsion;hencethe tonality of the music is wholly major. No Art rmiusic has beendeveloped so far, as it in undergoing an evolution to which every

primitive music is subject. A- foreign influence modify or dev op any-thing they touch,so Hawaiian music in rapidly being entuned to themusic of other lands. Today, the scale uned i4 not striclty Hawaiian,but occidental. It may be most zpropon at this point ,t illudidatehow primitive that music was only about fifty years ago when it stillhovered in tdas primary ntagen of its inception.

As yet it is not poritively known wher. the Hawaiian raceoriginated. It is conjectured that the JapaneseFilipino . $d therest of the.peoples who inhabit the Pacific iland- may be the d ecord-ants of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel,and that the Hawaiians are ant f-shoot ofa northward migration,but the r emblanc e and similaritienextant mad"the "hroofs"' discovered are no unc;rtLain that the topic "tillremains a theory. The Hawaiian legend says that the people cae from tsouth,in the following manner:"Long.long ago, there las born in the land

The Cosmo R 2porter Page 3calle Hapakeula a bautiful grinaydPleo Knholn and

Kahinalii. When she ;rew to wmianhood there was norne in that land sobeautiful and.clever as Pelee

t"Wahailoa a sTalart and handsone ung man cast his wyes uponher and fell in.lov;, ;e woned and wna her,and to them three childrenwere born. They li' d very happiLy tog:hter until one day there cameto that land the yurid and beautiful Peickumulani whose beax'uty enticedthe inconstant Whalloa

"Wahailoa ad Pelekumulani eloped, and Pele,with her, threechildren,went in search of tnem so that she might plead with herhusband to return for the sake of their children. In that remote pastthere was no as.. So,Pele's parents,who were all-powerful,cause d theea to spring up in an.attempt to obstruct the flight of the elopers.

Pele got into a boat with ther children and-aaill northward. Theylanded on an island which she-~naned Kaua-i(The northermost and the ofd-est of the Hawaiian archipelago). Pele hid herself deep down in theground and caused all kinds of disturbance%,'such as volcanic eruptionsearth.uakes, floods, and lava flows, in a further attempt to halt theelopers who wter nearby,and to destroy her rival.

"But as time went on Pelee q children grew and multiplied, form-ing the Hawaiian race.

The old.Hawaiians worshipped Pele as the Goddess of Fire. They

believed that-'she migrated to the island of Hawaii, and dwelt in thepit Halemaumauthouse of Everlasting Fire) of 4 Volcano of Kilade and

each year a human:sacrifice wasn offered to appease her anger.The Hawaiiana have always beenan idol worshipping race and

despite the ardent work of missionaries since 1820 there are some whostill cling to old sunerstitionA. All ceremonies in honor of the

different gods and goddesses were attended with music which can bedivided into thne distinctive types as follows

1.Mele Kof-ihonua,or royal chants2,Mele Olioli,or love songs.3.I ele Hula,or dance songs.

There were other monor divisions, such as the Inoa which wassung at the firth of a chief,and the Kanikau which was sung at thefuneral of A chief. These are modi-f'ications of the above mentionedgroups, and we will lct consider them hera.

The Mele Koihunua was sung only by the High Chiefsand rae

to those not of royal blood who used it,for offenders were severelypunished. This group has almost entirely disappeared. The second andthird groups still exist and are very popular. Thes songs were sungto the accompainment of crude instruments then known.

The ancient Hawaiians u- ed many so-called "instruments". Thesecrude musical instruments are on exhibiton at Bishop-Museum atKamehameha academy in Honolulu.

Rhythm is one of the essentials in the music of any land andthe Hawaiians did not lack in insturments of percussion. One of thesewas the pahn resembling the American Indiana tom-tom. mhls instrumentwas made of wellseasoned wood covered with the skin of a shark ponwhich the player tapped with a stick to mark timen Another type ofpahn was one made of gourd which was dried and covered with shark skin.Several layers of matting made of lauhala\Leaf of the hala) were spreadupon tae ground and the player sjuatted thor on At the waistt portirof this pahn was attached a long handle which the player held in hisleft hand and brought the bottom of th'e gou~rd against the mat while theright hand struck the variations against the body of the pahy. norexample, while the left hand played quarterr heats on the mat the righthand played an eighth and two sixteenths; uoon the dourd or some othersuch variation according to the whim of the player.

An insturment called' the piili was another time-keeper. Thiswas constructed out of bamboo of which one end vas parted into sv ra

The Cosmo Reporter

stripes. The player struck dif' erent pa:tp of his body to keep time,the main thing being the production of a c wi hing sound.

The uliu--li wa,' the mont nnigu of the e rhythmic instummentsThin was a gourd of vi : 1ch thrs ees within -e-, allowed to dry and did-lodge themselves from tone inner utrface. The long stalk protrudingfrom the tip of the gcour. w left intact and bedecked with beautifulfeathers. The player rattled. the dry needq which,when done by an exper,had the effect of "Eggin ano on to dance. The peculiar monotony ofthese percusliven was so intoicating that one danced for hours at atime.

Musical instrumentr,as understood at present,were not-commonamong the old 1Iawaiians. where were only two which can >e placed inthis category. she uke-ke was a crude J'ew s harp made of a slenderpiece of wood eight or ten inches long: $hin instrument was shaped likea bow with a strong fibre called olona(deried from the bark o{ a treebearing that name) was sttetched along its length. One end of theinstrument was held firmly between the teeth, the other, in the left hand

wwhich the player-pulled or related in order to produce the few pitchespossible while with a small piece of wwod in the right hand the stringwas plucked,hard or softly,fast or slowly,as desired.

The hano was a drude flute of bamboo on which holes were burne(The writer is not cert-in as to the' number of holen,but perhaps threeor four.) This flute was played with the nose insted of the mouth.

During the course of the dance varddus effective exclamationswere uttered by the musicians, much as, "wel ekahaut" and "hemot" atdifferent intervals. Hissing sounds were made with the mouth at thatpeculiar sound produced by pressing.the tongue against the roo' of themouth and suddenly letting go.

The ukulele is not an indigenous instrument, and was not knownuntil 1878 or 1879. About this time a Portuguese trading vennel wassighted off the coast of Honolulu(aboutbheetime of the Portugueseemigration from Madeira) ,he natives went out in their boats to tradewith the foreigners. However, the Portuguese people happened to be alittle too shrewd for the trusting native. Instead of giving moneyfor Rand&lwood and various other Hawaiian products the Portuguese gavethe natives a large number of tiniatae guitars which the latter couldnot use. Consequently, the nati-Tes muttered nuku 1I1e" amongthemnelve-on their way back. The word means cBrundt'ed the pay. In that unhappytransaction the Hawai-ian acuired more iaunknown before then, thananything else.

Thus is was that the instrument receive the name of ukulele.Naturally, it was held in disrepuce for sometime. In 1882 King Kalakanawas wriwned king of the Islands He ordered men to solve the mysteryof the ukulli °. d with the help of foreign musicians the occidentalscale and chord construction were employ d for concerted effects at th-.coronation festivities. Since tch-n u:uiles have been uden extensirelyas instruments of accomp i r±ert, Today, there are many expert performs {who can play the melody 'Utidits accompaniment at the same time upon theukulele. The instrument originally was a pur&ly strumming devise.

The famous- nteel-u itar did not make its advent until 1913.,this instrument a ste; acr is placed at: the top of its neck, and thestrings are stretched c-ener this bar which plays a double purpose ofraining the strings far enough form the fr tr prevent scratching,and to produce a clear bell-like tone. As the Atrings are picked wi tbeth brass and elluloid pick attacked to the thumab d finger o onhand, a steel bar about four inches long is glided along the tenghtstrings for the desired pitches.

Much cirticinm has hgen hurled against the misic of this: in.strument,such as inacoura y of pitch, the scoop1:igand the lack of 1hading. Such critics will be molli"ied or convinced of their error sorpernpicuous to those of us who know, if they should once hear theartistic performance of an ex-pert. The latter plays the exact pitchaccurately,and then the sliding is made in the form of a portamento-nia groping for the next tone as practiced so extensively by mediocreperformar'-employing nuance with extreme care,asuc as "mesna di voice"-pianinimo,forten, the ninging tone, etc. rphe luring and qennuous toryof the steel-guitar in peculiarly adapted to Hawaiian mu.sic which in of~similar nature,and although almo t any kind of music aan be played onthis instrument,native music is really ita forte. Just ag a violinbadly played is most dinagreeable,but well played in most bea'utiful.~nothe sbeel Quitar.

Page 4.

Tn; Cosmo ao te Page 5

Tra.'nc tong

The king 'i -g-rts' int Haaii Neiis srf- oard riding. Most ofyou) ave undohtly h_ o 1d more or l of this thrilling sport

Burfirg is4 to .i at vr baseball i to Armerica. It is a nativepatie -and sporta It i eaI y surpri:ing tr yee the great number Cfbo rnand gi4l, and- oc r people taking such great d.elight in is socj tThe ptrists!who com t the island always express amazement upon ee-ing the natives riding surf-boards.

Surfing is most popular at that famous Beach of Waikiki. It Ichere that one: finds the expert sur---rider at all times of the year.The enrmous wavesrising to a hight of twelve feet or more, renderthisJsport" full.of- thrills and exciterm.ent, It is quite an art to ridea zsuif-oard,-'but- any one can leai-n to ride it'in a short time with con.stajt- practice and with the correct^ instruc tion.

The surf-board is usually made. of koa wood, but the "ohela" wood( red wood) is also used. .It .is about seven or eight feet in length andabout; two feet at its broadest patted The hind end of the board tapersto a blunt point, while the forward end is rounded off.

In surfing, one-usually rides out .to.deep water on the board, withhis stomach resting on it and paddling along with a sideward motion ofthe arms until they'have reached a distance of almost 400 yards fromshore. Approximately at this distance -from shore, there is a region ofgrowing -corals which is almost parallel to the shore-line. This coralregion ii shallow,, and the highth of. the water varies from four to ninefeet, It ishere that most of the surfers start, for the-tremendouswav'e break just before they reach this shallow part, thus giving thesurfers a good start. The surf-rider gets ready as soon as he sees a bib wave, and begins to ride .toward the shore - lying on his stomach.Af.r riding for- about a hundred yards in this way, he begins to get .pc his feet, and dwith his right foot a little in front of his left

and ith his armsst retohed. out on each side in the ai, he balances ih :i elf on the board_- The surfer' can then be en standing on his surt.boara and gliding along the top of this great wave toward shore at ara .tt f twelve m2e' or more phour.s

Burf-btard riding is- not only thrilling but gives lots of excite-erart and nerves. to anyone, especially if one turns slightly around and

lcks at the enormous and roaring waves that are gliding him along.It is very interesting to see an American -take a surf-board out

and try to learn a few lessons. Before. he gets anywhere out to whatwe call deep water, sthe appearance, the roaring and thundering sound oithe waves drive him back to shore .as fast ac he can get there. This,to the natives is very amusing, and they all greatly delight in watch-:ng the American and European tourists.

Jufing is an all year round sport. The summer and winter monthswill nd more surfers riding on the waves than at any other time of +:year. At this time of the year, the waves are largest and thus givemore thrilled and excitement to the surfers..

UBERR I:MA 'VIDRoyden T. Susumago.

"Ten years ago the Republic sent me on atour of inspection throuthis country so that I might make a repot on its topography and suggthe best place for the laying of a macademized public road. I was toreport whether it would be best to use the narrorw beaten path then usacor to clear some other more suitable ,secoi. Today, 'ne can hardlypiotore the beautiful vegetation whi h origially thrived here', tespeaker swept his hand in the ieti f th. region below. 'I wartwenty-five then; young, ab itious, and entiuii:a.do.

'Really, Anton! You, only thirty-fivo today?s?

lhe Oonmo Re orte

'Yes, my- dear Jules - only thirc-f-i'e", he smiled.And your hair as white as my ;oir ?

Anton nodded in the affiria;vea'fSoul of me! I took you to be at least fifty although your face

appeared too.young for that of a man of' fifty. Another of God, you musi .se, suffered an intend grief sometime in your life, or had a great

h , o inherited t ia .noy of coloring matter in your skull, orerad a mental ickn.n e worry".

4 Ah my frindL QowX e ~ou know the causes! There is a sad taoL

aytwihitdmy' di±'Y.nwouldeehteatp I -. .

Anton did not begin immediately. He looked at his companion whowas now seated sideways. on his saddle. (Jules was a man of about third.tth rough-features and a strong, square-set face.) After gazing atJules for a minute or so, he turned his face toward the lowlands belownow a'great unbroken field of sugar cane with leaves rustling and blowing in the fresh, healthy breeze. Far beyond the field lay the vast aPacific Ocean as blue as the sky. He could see the white foam df the:reakers dashing against the shore, and the sombre roar of the mightyocean.was ominous and mysterious. The beautiful song of a lark camefloating in the breeze, Anton lifted his eyes toward the sky and thereho could see two black dots silhouetted against the blue canvas. Thesongster and his mate, these harbingers of hapiness, were rapidly dis-appearing farther and farther overhead until only the song betrayed

their 'flight. When he could no longer hear the lark, Anton bit his lipand turned o4ce more toward his friend, silently.

"Well, !nton?""I was just thinking how different everything is today." Then he

r-sumed, "When Pedro and I started on our work ten years ago this regionwas: a veritable jungle. But Pedro took sick down at Makai. He was myassistant. I left him in the care of a good woman - I don't recall hername - and came alone to inspect the land between Makai and Hale outthere', he pointed toward the south. "Pedro did not recover from thestrange malady, so I heard afterwards.

"This road on which your horse stands is where the old path used t"be. I chose it because it seemed to be the best location - I'shalldispense with the reasons, except this, 'Via trita, via tuta' (the beaten<path is the safe path). I stood here and gazed upon the landscape belotwhere existed so many of those plants which are anachronistic today.There was the odoriferous. maile, the clinging vine; there the lehaa,and the aromatic ilima. Above us and further inland grew the mokihana,the itching plant, together with the giant rose which bore flowers sixinches or so in diameter. These roses still exist near the volcano.All along this path thrived different varieties of inahele, the beauti-ful fern, such as fish-tail, rock fern, maiden-hair, and on the sidesof those steep embankments grew the huli, the mysterious air plant.On the branches of the large hau, the fire plant, which grew near thatstr am below. thrived the parasitic giant bird-nest fern.

WFar out there in the north one found the paini, the cactus, andtha kain, the~ tiker-hearing pest. As I rode on I picked and tastedthe fruits of the mohihi, the poha, and the ohia. The guava was not soabundant here then. Don't you see, Jules, these and the green honohono,the bamboo grass, and other varieties of green things including themedicinal and analeptic herbs made this region almost a paradise. Notonly these. As one travelled here he could hear the songs of the lark,the linnet, the ehi, the blue-and-gold feathered songster, or thegarrulous cackle of the noisy minah bird. The oo, iiwi, and the pau,birds of beautiful golden feathers were also frequently founf here.One could sense the grandeur of it all. As I was absorbed in admirationof that scenery it pained me to think that I was to be instrumental inthe destruction of nature's beauty in order to mak way for a more sub-etan+w ally productive industry T i~ wi i2 %or I orgct abotthe tne. When I aweke norr my reer e, 1ay tl '.? wa._- ow in thewese 3:zrn sky.

.-

dCo o Ro'rter _____ ao, r

I ug&~r~ tCar~<m ~T.~ i~.~' ai h ad Riot ao1Ce2

is{ : a f;. e t a .y , L4 :c .Q g to t I.;1 wi , a nstun raed 0. va~ moen yule ftti ~s1 tse t ed~citation, a mongooseed my pah in the n ddrn y friend you can under-

na n ihA .ok r", jni niy y d.I.kne~w thi-eeasilotr2 If~ crto~ced ud~c u~ ed rnv ringy~ About a mile furt

d CO :r areoo am ha wr a ;ra tin that a on az ron1u J ihe" to t' L' 1 L. i= t.xf2 hai eped thrutgh w_, e d JiA tl?

u^^ ':

ii. ?the wy

ot very well. I an aetranger in this part of the country.4 Ayi falibhini eh Etrangeah, eh?' He stared at me cap-a- ie

* "h searching eyes.

sho you,.t he offered You go iil it kela alanui(thishe ,a.ke two alanui. You take nauka'one (the one toward the mountainuk;one go Hale;

e Tta l you, my good managha ddImdsaie.n ild aw rite', heoreted and l t me.' eDroll thing , I saudcto mysel and spurred my horse to a gallop,

f the sun was sinking rapidly pand dark clouds had suddenly come upy c roeamaied the fork as the strangerehad todnme, and took the int

os which I rode for about ten miles withottseeing any signett oa. Je It was alort pitch black now Therefore, let he home t

we - i ill ed. So on Ifsaw a light ahead, and made towards it. Ie a cru e huse tancting against a tleer cliff. 'An odd place

c b id a hoel, I thou he't. A little, middle-aged man was awaitingyrj c.: :vral*

r heard you cmegl he said and took m y horse as I alighteda S how there od man inand spread sonic nood on the tablepwhile

ehis horse' Then, turning to me, sheumst be a mshed.Diae from nakawk I thought S , he remarked when I antPeraed ifl t)'

a He smi ngrasiously andied :y Yhore away as I utrcdtantse withr w d a tso hungry that m mn ediatray set to atin

Ohua aPlaced before ine ,Yules, I was struck with herebbeauty. I had known many wlln,

t Butoe, ee udso attractive ,as this little ilip of a har ged indeteen onyears old. yhe was beautiful ian kr u.tex inIwirit,Tcse wore a sintl holoku (mother hubop1 cand her long hai r wih

we, Pow toan Ih.r ne atied wjth a st r i:hr er 7 .d : pu oR eudbybon. o cal dit intrney- t psento mena, dor and el-

t ore as the ni t, as shed watched me devourinfood voracicu y.ver y host came in and introduced g a ails u ohtme, she ngi-e

~This little inn meu:t be a heaven to f'ariished travellers likemalls eyhere', remake omhous

a Ye , indeeA ia podnlookig wat ha a"Many a r ich man has pa: Red this way. You know, pleasure an~d

adventure seekers who spend their idle idonts in travelling1 Iid~ad? But I don't happen to be an Idle rich,'"OL, a man of business, then' Yee Then you nave money.'"'Yes, a man here on bus ine-s, but with little money.'t

"'t? Bt, you do have moneys ,. he say d, pointing to the largediamcen-ring on one of my fingers and tiedirond tiae-pin I woethese luxuries betray you. ot all people can have them; no, not

we, Pua and I.'"Would you call it instrin t, or presentiment, or mental tele-

pathy that feeling that comes to us which cau es us to -feel ater iOntoward some people' I hated the inr'.-ke pt r: . t ehow alt ouri~wsvery attentive to me and exceedingly S0.C ~ ce hn T..1

9. .I: "eessmacked. of a venomous and unll .1rCm. id 3 !" na wt ' 'e . L hihi i'~a> kindness, cmi~l , _t {get e wrdry~, : . iai3 a dif 'e7en t ~pt J".

t w. ic e r in n ,the c ur e of3 '? e eni g1s1t h erehnd st r t e w itb

os ymo P-_porter _ _ _

r not, and I began to weigh di ''erent thoughts in my mind. I wonde>d if I had betrayed my feelings conzrning her fathr. Was she a

psychic who could read others thou4hts? Could she have read minend hated me? I felt uneasy J 1 tr:ed to be more friendly to herfather, but - " the speaker frowned and made a motion with his hands

7ich Jules construed a" .xpreing disgust."'You are bound f -t 1ale? asked my host', he resumed.

"' Yes, Hale,'" repliedu' It is late now, and dark. You will have difficulty in findingyour way, and Hale is about ten miles away. You will rest here to-night? Yes? Very seldom we have travellers staying here through thenight, but we have a guest-room reserved for emergencies like this.We'll make you comfortable,' he winked at his daughter as he said thibut Pua did not respond to it. She only stared at me.

"' I thank you for the kind offer of your hospitality. I accept,"'Good! Pua, go and fix up the guest-room so that my good man

here may rest royally this evening.'".As I followed the young girl withey eyes, my host remarked,

'Pretty girl, she is, my friend.' I nodded and turned to him."'She's clever, she's brilliant, that girl. I taught her to

read and write, and now she outstrips me. But, queer creature she is-talks very little, even to me her own father - and minds her own bus-ness, for she has a mind of her own. Ah, what would I do without her!Ste does the cooking and the washing and the cleaning of the house.And she loves the quiet life, for she spends most of her tie aloneout in the open. She loves the stream where she can swim like a fish,the white fish, and the frogs. Then, too, she romps around in thewco~s like an akua (ghost), She knows every nook and crevice in thiscountry. Flower that she is, she loves the flowers. That girl! Iwant to send her to school in the city, but she won't leave thiscountry. You see, I brought her here when she was that small,I he>>laced his hand near the floor, 'only knee-high to a pup.'

"At this juncture Pua returned with lighted candle which sheLanded to me, And so, I bad good night' to my host and retired to myzoom which was in the north corner of this square, box-like house.South of my room was the kitchen, and in front of the kitchen was thelarge room which served the double purpose of parlor and dining room,in the east corner was my host's room; in the west corner, Pua's, and

i:-teen these two rooms was the narrow hallway that connected thearflor with the outside.

"I examined my room with scrutinizing eyes. There was an oldt E .rudely constructed of ohela (red wood) with dry grass as mattressan a round Ilock of wood wrapped in grass as a pillow. An old horn-I anket was the only covering I had. The window was a hole in the wall

0boun two feet square, the bottom of a cracker-box being used as aIridow-pane. The small table was also made of cracker-box, the three

legR which supported it being guava branches. Upon this table was apitcher of water, a tin cup, and a few old issues of a popular monthlymagazine. The cracks in the walls were stuffed with strips of rice-bags. On the wall, near the foot of the bed I noticed a partitionthat looked like a door. I tried to open it, but it must have beenfastened from the outside for I could not budge it. 'Why have a dooragainst a stone wall'?' I asked myself.

"I sat down on a cracker-box which served as a stool, placed thecandle on the table, and began to read one of the magazines. Wornwith fatigue that comes with a long ride, I soon began to yawn. So,I decided to retire. It was eleven o'clock by my watch. But at themoment I laid down the magazine I heard someone singing very softly inthe darkness below my window. I listened to that sweet voice. Jules,it was such a sweet foice1 I knew it was Pua out thers 2o ehingtold me that it was meant for me. Not onlv that Pua was 1 ying toconme an important messa o to m Howzo you oxvlaia it, uleT Iknew it from the peculiar n;e of anxiety I recognied inu th voice;in the intonation and the - - oh, Jule. her soul, her soul enrapport' with mine. You understand, my friend! Body of -me, how shallI explain it? The nobility of it all - - how sublime she was! Itbeggars words. Well, I listened intently- - to catch the words.

7 (C~ Pe-coter P______

~. 0:;, C e .Xe dcan' in a heap;c rcIed a t istening their Fangs.

Lr toy ?Tre l A J poo:r. ln31y "heepo "Ihi vice became fa t r nd fainter a it rece-ded into the

e in th direct i'n o ) ma I i the ap i, ,words hoing over to th ppo-ite wall £coad hear the TuZ 3l7 2- zwow of the grinding whettone I aw through a little Thi

t> figures in the kitchen. One had his back to1wrard me. The +herwa my hoot. It was impossibl to hear their words, but I was certainQ'hey were talking about me. A little later the inn-keeper pointed inthe direction- of my rvomandathe oth-r, who way .Whetting a knife, noddeda d chuckled.

I extinguished the -camdle and went.to bed without. undreni ng. Youcan imagine the numerous thought that cam to oppre 4 me How manyhallucinations they produced: Different p-lan- came and 'ritenonermateriali ing. Was it death that I feared? Did -I love my 'life, this-cr ld, aind y asocia.tions so well that I a loathe to leave themsudiantly?~ If I. should be. murddered what .effect would: it have upon my

riand+, my parent-, my relatives? I, a'raid.of death? What wrong hado aNo, not death i-tself,but th a knowledge o' its nearness. N tdeath, but the uncerta-inty -of the future. .QOh, waell,_ I thought- 'I

-am ouly a link in a long -chain. When I am gone -nomeone elne will cmc,t,. +ill the nacaricy. A few .-tears ar sheld, and-. then-:I:.am cant i t+oibliion .' But,, there gnawed on my mind orie great thought. I .could no

thedeath of a pagan here. I mu have a Ch--istian.burial. I rn~escape somehow, but how? To dash out would be risking too inuch. If

my horse were gone'?---other of Godi How I sufnerd Iwa deepy noLongart --- And my good,good host. I thought as much from the very begin

tur es on h i soul Who could that other. one be? There might be therW ides them. Must take heed. 'Av ari ora pro mihi u'ttr

1 It.seemed an-age -that I-«lay there in s01 agony ard wory -vercertain' fate, The night was as black and a silent a dath cni y

an occasional chirp of- a cricket disturbed it, and -even that a t cc.,, .rain like thunder. No breeze without to stir the lea eurgling brook was hushed to me, for I must have lived ina a t t of

'-ntalaberation during Those breahleaa moments. My heart boat,uunded upon my breast and I trembled furiously

Then, I heard sot footfalls n-ear th door o myoom '.

Nas slowly lied, and the door creaked < nd oe-nced utt r d a e aand tur-nd in my bed.. The-doorodlosed and I hear someonee rzter r

execration in a lo1, tone and th soft ot% di d a y bcalf auethour later, T°again hea chf ta ad ncing toa rro om. omeonenfumbled with the latch'n.opene- tdhe door At thi-

Ssychclig;ical moment I stretcheid my arm-,nd made a -,humping riceagainst the wall. Ag.in, the door closed, nd I heard the fnti~

receding 'W-llI won't b e distrubed again, .I thought, but T wasmistaken in my conjectures

About one hour later, I heard a noice -not at my door this timebut at the wall near the foot of the bed s'o:he is going to come nanyhow, I said to myself and softly got up I clu-ched a Stilottofirmly in-my hand and waited. 'IfI am attacked :fom oth dc: ectu-then waht ?' There was a faintchuck-'behind the a ' ceasesuddenly, and I heard a distinct'groan. What could that be'?ryself' and waited with bated breath and up--tetcd arm

With a sudden crash the door opened, arid ua da hed to 1mShe carried a lighted candle in one hand and allo stainedthe other I held back ny arm just in tim. io-± ud nav -

her d: d. not recogniz-ed ?a dr-: t e;r t -

bad: r- Jollow.ha e had reached-a th I. :-redw, h 1 ~~-~ -y ~o'~ ur-c

sad 2ad' to me. Ior a moamen could -ot :n Tori ~ Q0.~ Thnv

len~ I ,managed, Pua ~hat have you don-er SYa potn :d h orne an.said, Xleefmy fT'iend'

N1o t alon-e;you mus t come wi th ne .'tI? No, not-I, my friend; I nmust stay hae~.tYou have not explained wha.t you have done nor -why you ar-c help

ing me to escape.'You will never understand nevTer know, so pleas, pleas go

immediately-

lCor moReporter Pa

eTot alone; you must c o(} wi rh rrI? No, not I, ; must tay m

'You have not explafind what : w{. a din; no why you ar lme'to excape.

'You will never und stan :erC~ ow sh1 replied, o pleansease go immediately!

'And you--what will mto ytu? Your ather- ha Will Yil

'My fatherl-- -That thing? No, my stranger, he i not my r:father is--will, h- isnt!

'Then there is more cause for me to worry about you.I'Nothing--no one can injure me. Akua, the Godden of Death, in my

protector. I shall be af e. But, 'you must 46',, she said and turned tco herself.

' Pua I entreated. She stopped. 'Yell me Jihy you are doing thick tne, a stranger, and a foreigner.'

'she wheeled about suddenly and looked me c4uarely in the eyes. Ah,Tuleq, I shall never forget her look. It shot electric sparks through

'Are we not just the same,you and I? There is one soul. You haveo e part; I have the other. Oh,waht's the use? You don't understand'

'Yes, I do;but what makes you say -that?''Oh, Hina told me. Do you know Hina? There in the stream is a litil

.ataract. Many times when I swam therm, .and when La, the sun, was shin-ing brightly, I waw her. She is a beautiful goddess with many brightcolors.'

'The rainbow, is it?'.'No, she is a goddess.''Goddess of the Rainbow, then.''Oh,good. Well, she told me of your coming. She told me we are orLc

and she showed me your face--long before.you cama. I looked in thewater and saw you, and when you came, I recognized you. I'looked and'ooIed at you. I felt something qiueer in here,' she said p~m pointing

o her heart. 'I don' t know what is is. Each time I look at you, each'ime you speak to me, it burns inside,

'It is love, Pua-~and I too, love you.''Love? What is it?''It is the call of a soul to its mate.'Oh!' she said and turned around. I caught her in my arms, pras ed

h r to my heart and kissed her dearly, Whna I released her she PtoodThere speechless, and stared at me with her large eyes.

'You have burned me,' she uttered softly. They made me happy, Jfuljust )those words.

'Now, will you come w th me ' I asked.'No, I must not. You do not understand me. Still you doubt me.

shall be sage. Akua is with me always. So please go.tAt that moment we saw two eyes glare from among +h e bushed. Pua

4auddered.'Wh t is it?''A--oat!' she replied and.bit her lip.'A cat?' I asked. pua answered, in the affirmative, but I knew they

were human eyes. And yet, I was afraid to contradict.her. She againadmonished me to leave, and with nut waiting for an an-wer vanished asnnoislessly and as swiftly as a shadow.

I jumped upon my horse and rode furiously toward Hale where Iarrived at about five o ' clock in the morning And related my tale to thesheriff. Three officers and I were, shortly, retracing the way I hadcome.

When we readhed the house of ill-omen we straightway went to myroom. I called,'Pua! Pua!, but therewwas no answer. I ran out intothe yard and called and listened without avail. Ah, the an iety thatdrove rie on! When I returned to the room had ocou'pied T oed oaeofficer examining the secret door that 1 ad fl g ('pen

into a cave which we entered with light handle.Not far from the mouth of te cave we stuTtd upon a corpse lying

i U<L] r t'A~j ~ i- v J~CT$ ~ < FT

~dI~i2.c~~ i '-t--~~ W. v~vzw ~ V3c :,E Phu ~ W -' -' f -L}'. c3 ~ t@ ~7~ jA ~

J c ~ ~~~t~~A rru 4 f ~~r xtat'~~aT~i

Imo. . ., J.... pacc _. -.J " 2 - \ Ol_ -4 l t:1r_ o.._ _ ( _tt:< r' _ _ l ;. rnJ

_ O Y u31y kn I f G _ -T rA_ r it '-'~ pi 1 _ ~c3 " by_ th - r)i , , -- -;a i ._ Bc,°dcw -it lay ths dy of ny L " t ' i l1cioc 1 12 + t li._

Y' G n atokn o fit' p w 1,' !)n i tm) ouy Anc -.n i Ci"n att Yt1v I%. ot r o h a c nt C ta~~ ~wottr°~ra~

ir froAk ha i myborJ1'. l lc t n-C1G 2y' u ricna yeou 0 'h~n -tha-t Jwv v ' aek arid T1.j T3 rr1n d° U:i ° t wel l 1tl n;t" 0 t

a 11t fi e' , C t'h ) ,fa.t fr apihtd: woeuldr ~e out t s ry~

4 V - ht inizt -ha t?' -

awaywi ldpetyu v ma-2ioue~d sr -ad ~she- cJ ciis n~ h~~~t atn. h0-1,- L n0~ SU~o~ b~ ofuinth

~, t in the Cthi c j~it Qth' xiri. or, it + ~-> Y

phcv sncp I c a C tobe ; , "6at71 icir for 3 t ca o dn ar n v O u

cticl t ou any a-blaic'in'w"-the 2com 4;) endfY-or ofacSup re

a F s-e1- w thm _ hi t ,- t ytC '?' . 4 y ~ I~t.L X -

bi~l edhni a1, concri.'1-th I c (Yxr~d--, , t - :in- 1 which PuTcal von

'n : ytQ 11 ' c r is pet.s c 2 cr>) a rc~ ~ t wu.Lrt otv

2, -r te~'rpi-dJlsa funiln ocn~d.Tsew~~~hor eil~ncr1 t ul ^ , I hav 9irin. "n . ici.cLv~ie O li

I~poian~in Ith~vr~ -n .y on~cc-:c~,~'fic L) sid uto brakig ta iile n c e

t Ij j c m w t y -

the r o'b yt1 Y) t 1 ao,.r ! R7 eldt-m X1 Yo- lccc, ;o L ha r oc 1 - nu_'

C at zr u ay w2uk-C) .,b't f'c ~l\IvbcJa itoery ."azmA 1a t ry :l3ir1, ycbr u~ rt z4%

Tu idmandact~se epne a n f~r ic h rt~moomm J nw to th -: a yoiLt_1

(.1: o r _) 0c t ) £ r YU 5U' l'~ar "~

. a 3.u.?ti1..1 - .L )z v .c an.. :. iany other - a

reducing area of trie ldIn the cultivation o' the cane the First operation in the plow

an-d the preparation of the soil for planting. Hug steam engines woaing in pairs, one on each side of the field, pull back and forth bety

'hems great gang-plows which stir up the soil toa depth of two. feet. Tthe initial operation in cultivation. It is followed by further plo'n d 'harrowing in which-all eeds are turned and the soil is thoroughl irred. Double plows-cut furrows about five feet apart and two feet

deep, thus opening-up'paths inlvhich the seeds are laid.Seeds for the plantin; are harvested in- the ripe cane fields.

Then the cane is out it is topped", which leaves the top portion o-' tuntasseled cane stalk cut off. This top is used as seed. The sacksseed'are carried byniul.es and.-distributed along the rows in the fielImmediately after planing; irrigation water is turned' into the 'rows,and about a week later the green shoo begin to appear,

Sugar-cane matures in Hawaii dn from eighteen to twenty-fourmonths. Flowering or tasseling indict es.the approach of-maturity.

T.e burning of the leaves, while the ripe cane is ttill stand.i-n the fields, takes place 'This eliminated the'heavy labor of strip

iem and causes no -damage to the cane if it is went to the mill withoutdelay-.

The loading of cane differs somewhat. In regions of dood-watersupply thecane is flumed directly to the mill by water which carries

cane in elevated troughs. In dry or level regions, temporary railwaystracks are laid in the'fitlds, at convenient'int arvals and the carstro'gght directly into the centers of opert ion. 'When the train of c:is loaded it is hauld by a'small plantation locomo ive to the millthes manufacturing process begins. Two engines can manage about one I

'red nd twenty carsManufacture of waw sugar from cane requires -i*edistinct process

They are as follows:The extraction of the juice

2 The purification of thd juice3. The evaporati on of the juice to make a syrup4. The crystal action of the syrup5 'The preparation of the crystals for the market

in the sugar mill a careful h ck is maintained through out theire process of manufI acturn ar eful7ly trined laboratory w rkers

onsaged.When the carloads of cane are drawn up to the mill the cane is

weighed, samples taken cut, and sent ot the laboratory and careful armade of the quality and quantity of the juice in the cane.

A huge rake mechanically operated by c.aThn claws -the cane frocars, and deposits i't on an inclined carrier which taken it to thecrushers and then to the roller:,

The fibrous portion of the cane which is left after the cane hapassed through the series crushers is carried away over a.moving &on-to the boiler room and used as fuel. The a-hes are in turn used asfertilizer in the plantation fields,

AS the cane passes through'the mills, the juice is collected injuice tank. It .is desirable- to separate -from the fuice such impuritas fire fiber, salt, wax, albumenand dirt frc'm tie fields, ;thus preving fermentation which takes place at oce

The juice of the can i now !en to ta toilers 'and then sentthe mixers and into braes outainern gh; h are aut three feet in

diameter and two feet in des; in : ~nran corn'alners, there arecentrifugal- which whirl at a tremendou isto of.speed, thus allowing

The Cosmo Reporter Page 13

CRYSTALLIZED RAW RUGA TO DROP I'T0 EIrR Aw T Om there conveyed to theSacking room where it is placed into :ac s each containing 125 pounds r

sugar. After sacking, each sack ifn ar : with its weight and the namehe plantation from which it cam.± Most c' -h sugar pro duced in theHawaiian Islands is refLed at C cket Cali'nrnia.

Rtw sugar as it c }r. ; ror. t e ills is licht golden-brown incclar, somewhat sticky to the touch and on the whole has the appearanceof the brown sugar us d in t'he kitchen,

Tthe operations in refining are complicated, in which the brown uis based through nine or more different processes. During the courseof the refining operations table syrup and molasses are also derived.

It is said that the average refinery in the United Statesobtains 100 pounds of refined whie t sugar from each 107 pounds of 96 degreeraw suzar melted. This indicates the great ef-iciency in the operationof the refinery. The loss of sucrose is placed at a very lw value andcovers all losses from the time when the suge is weighed into thewarehouse till it is sold to the consumer.

THE SONG OF ANTON.

--- Royden T. Susumnago.

Dark is the night and sombre,0'ercast with a canopy of clouds!Dead is our song within my heat

Torn with grief asunder!

Sad is the night and dre arAs over our path I tread,Memories bring bact to me

Visions of you, so dear.

Comes to my soul a son;More sombre thn Death and hopeless.

to hr a cr4vinag;far thy preseeethar t, lyingbeneath thy tombs

Shorn of thy charm and thy bloom.

Lone in the world am IFriendless, sad, de ser tdCheerless my steps to our trysting place,

Under the Eastern sky.

p41

o1

I- :5y I Z atrK $ e _ e r at 73 e ou a g..iop

ta- J Y 4crio olay on

ap. a eQ t-.on of the :e tive Com tee.hld tas eveningrn th y Y t. e Wx t. A" office :; a:DAi. tele w~as ta . o r us

e ive earyi .>i& L .ssx inh ler is a t reet aga.

ioin Uin al eLib.~l t eOr e:

rd tpso.f h _ct v en~i ry b e }oflofth Cl, . e nn e, an ot e St~de nt J~~h r . .i on qt .L C am. u in 1ou y c ll o1

-b~jthei ftu.i Ainte ' L1 2r- t ?~,G~ r t. C'oma. . i '_V %G1

9 ,4 u r t o f v ' r I 7 g i t ' t 1ofte tdnthBidn t. 3: n g 'd o h tesSuis

Ta e±h rl r v: y ': , 1 ot ''S'ui da veni g e peri n t - _ E, ah an th

en~ ~ ~ ~ o. aby orin.,.r

dafeteia at5; 35

Mrs Alic Pa Noto of< the - -c l}o'i sr riE_

spe k on "Tuke an -,satnp ' Mc a a _y+ar I 11