Russian Military Power - illusion & reality

zurab Jvanias saxelobis saqarTvelos

sazogadoebriv saqmeTa institutisamarTlisa da politikis skolis saerTaSoriso

politikis samagistro programa

ruseTis samxedro Zala

iluzia da realoba

(sadiplomo naSromi)

studenti:

tato kvamlaZe

xelmZRvaneli:

daviT TevzaZe

Tbilisi

2010

daviT TevzaZe – aibi evro-kavkasiuri universitetis sruli

profesori,

reqtoris moadgile, universitetis strategiuli

Sefasebisa da marTvis problemaTa institutis

prgoramebis samecniero xelmZRvaneli,

saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa da erovnuli

usafrTxoebis akademiuri programebis lideri,

samxedro wodeba – general-leitenanti

guliTad madlobas vuxdi im adaminaebs,

romlebmac gamiwies daxmareba aRniSnul

sadiplomo naSromis daweraSi:

kote laSxia;

TamTa bokuCava;

Tako geldiaSvili;

Tamuna sifraSvili;

naTia bokuCava.

0

sarCevi

anotacia 2

1 Sesavali 31.2 kvlevis mizani 31.3 kvlevis SekiTxva 31.4 kvlevis hipoteza 31.5 kvlevis meTodologia da naSromis dizaini 41.6 literaturis mimoxilva 4

2 erovnuli saxelmwifo saerTaSoriso sistemaSi 62.1 erovnuli interesebi 8

2.1.1 uzenaesi interesebi2.1.2 sasicocxlo interesebi2.1.3 strategiuli interesebi2.1.4 taqtikuri interesebi

2.2 erovnuli Zala 112.2.1 politikuri Zala 2.2.2 kulturuli Zala 2.2.3 samxedro Zala

2.3 erovnuli usafrTxoeba 132.4 samxedro strategia 172.5 samxedro mSenebloba 182.6 birTvuli iaraRi 202.7 safrTxeebi 212.8 samxedro strategia – dokumenti 212.9 samxedro doqtrina 23

3 SedarebiTi analizi – iluzia3.1 ruseTis erovnuli usafrTxoeba 253.2 ruseTis erovnuli interesebi 263.3 ruseTis samxedro politika 27

3.3.1 samxedro usafrTxoeba3.3.2 samxedro mowyoba

3.4 samxedro doqtrina post sabWoTa periodSi 283.4.1 elcinis era3.4.2 putinis era3.4.3 medvedevis era

4 analizi - realoba 4.1 ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi dRes 344.2 ruseTis sazRvrebi 374.3 birTvuli safrTxe 38

5 daskvna 40

bibliografia 43

danarTebi i - v

ruseTis samxedro Zala tato kvamlaZe

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa instituti 1

`yvela imis mizani, visac ki odesme omi dauwyia,

yovelTvis imaSi mdgomareobda, rom Tavad

gamdidrebuliyvnen, xolo mteri ufro gaeRaribebinaT.

sxva arafrisTvis ar sWirdebaT gamarjveba, xolo

mosaxveWeli ki imitom undaT, rom kidev ufro

gazardon Tavisi Zala da daasuston mowinaaRmdege.

aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom yovelTvis, roca

gamarjvebam ufro Raribi gagxada, vidre manamde iyavi,

xolo dapyrobebma dagasusta, maSin Sen an gascdi im

miznis sazRvrebs, risTvisac omi daiwye, an ver

miaRwie mas~1

nikolo makiaveli

1 makiaveli, nikolo – mTavari, mTarg. baCana bregvaZe, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa

saqarTvelo~; Tbilisi, 1984. gv 97



anotacia

2008 wlis `agvistos omis~ Semdeg aqtualuri gaxda ruseTis samxedro

SesaZleblobebisa da misi strategiis ganxilva qarTul sazogadoebaSi.

aRniSnuli sadiplomo naSromic gankuTvnilia ruseTis samxedro

SesaZleblobaze da mis startegiis ganxilvaze. pirvel TavSi axsnilia

saxelmwifos legitimuri arseboba da misi marTva. aseve, Tu ra

procedurebi aris gasavleli saxelmwifos Zlier qveynad

CamoyalibebisaTvis da ra rols asrulebs samxedro strategia qveynis

erovnuli interesebis ganxorcielebaSi. meore TavSi aRwerilia

ruseTis samxedro doqtrinebi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlidan 2008 wlis

`agvistos omamde~. xolo, Semdeg TavSi ganxilulia ruseTis

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis SesaZleblobani DdRes. Tu ra pirobebSi

cxovrobs da moRvaweobs ruseTis federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

piradi Semadgenloba, aseve misi SeiaraRebisa da teqnikis

qmediTuanrianoba.



1 Sesavali

1.2 kvlevis mizani

sadiplomo naSromis mizania im samxedro transformaciis analizi,

romelic ruseTis federaciam ganaxorciela, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis

Semdeg, sakuTari SeiaraRebuli Zalebis formirebis procesSi.

1.3 kvlevis SekiTxva

ruseTi iTvleba iseT saxelmwifod, romlis azric gasaTvaliswinebelia

saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis ganmtkicebis

uzrunvelsayofad; magram, rac dro gadis miT ufro sustdeba ruseTis

samxedro SesaZleblobebi. Cndeba kiTxva _ Seswevs Tu ara ruseTs imis

unari, rom aRasrulos Tavisi samxedro doqtriniT gawerili qmedebebi

sakuTari interesebis dasacavad? ufro konkretulad, im sagareo

politikis uzrunvelsayofad, romlis ganxorcielebac surs msoflios

masStabiT?

1.4 kvlevis hipoTeza

ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis SesaZleblobebis ganxilva saSualebas

gvaZlevs davaskvnaT, rom ruseTi aRar warmoadgens iseT zesaxelmwifos,

romelsac SeuZlia globaluri sakiTxebi iaraRis ZaliT gadaWras.

Tanamedrove msoflioSi igi aRar ganixileba imdagvar safrTxed,

rogorsac warmoadgenda sabWoTa kavSiri civi omis dros.

dResdReisobiT ruseTi aris mxolod seriozuli regionuli Zala,

romelic evropasa da azias Sorisaa gadaWimuli.

1.5 kvlevis meTodologia da naSromis dizaini

sadiplomo naSromi warmoadgens konkretul sociologiur kvlevas da

ZiriTad meTodologiad gamoyenebulia Tvisobrivi kvelva, sadac

monacemTa Segrovebisa da analizis procesSi mniSvneloba eniWeba

informaciis moZiebis teqnikas. Tvisobrivi kvleva moicavs midgomaTa

mTel rigs. amgvari kvleva xSirad koncentrirdeba erT konkretul

SemTxvevis garSemo da axdens gansaxilveli movlenis siRrmiseul



analizs, e.w. Case Study. Tvisobrivi kvelvis strategiisTvis

damaxasaiTebelia interpretivizmi2.

garda empiriuli ganxilvisa, naSromSi aseve eyrdnoba meoradi

monacemebis analizs: sadiplomo Temis problematikaze arsebuli

samxedro literaturis Seswavlasa da arsebuli samxedro strategiebis

analizs.

Sedegad, naSromi moicavs: Sesavals, sam Tavsa da daskvnas. pirvel TavSi

axsnilia saxelmwifos legitimuri arsebobis mniSvneloba da misi

marTva. aseve, Tu ra safexurebi aris gasavleli saxelmwifo rom Zlier

qveynad Camoyalibdes da ra rols asrulebs samxedro strategia qveynis

erovnuli interesebis ganxorcielebaSi. meore TavSi aRwerilia

ruseTis samxedro doqtrinebi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlidan 2008 wlis

`agvistos omamde~, xolo bolo TavSi, ganxilulia ruseTis

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis drevandeli SesaZleblobani.

1.6. literaturis mimoxliva

sadiplomo naSromze muSaobisas gamoyenebuli literatura moicavs:

samxedro saxelmZRvaneloebs, samecniero publikaciebsa da

monografiebs, normatiul aqtebs, oficialuri iuriduli da samxedro

saxis dokumentebs, analitikur statiebs, internetSi ganTavsebuli

samecniero xasiaTis masalas, statistikur monacemebs. kvelvis ZiriTadi

nawili eyrdnoba sam monografias, esenia:

Cas frimanis wigni `Zalauflebis xelovneba~, sadac aRwerilia

saxelmwifos marTva da misi erovnuli interesebis ganxorcieleba;

viliamson miurei - `strategiis Seqmna~. aq avtori saubrobs

strategiis mniSvnelobaze, mis warmarTvaze da saxelmwifosTvis

sasurveli politikis dasaxvaze;

kolin grei – `Tanamedrove strategia~, sadac ganixilulia

Tanamedrove realobaSi moqmedi erovnuli startegiebis praqtika

da Teoria.

2 Bryman, Alan - Social Research Methods 2nd ed; 2003. pg. 19-24



2 erovnuli saxelmwifo saerTaSoriso sistemaSi

“politikuri mizani aris omis mTavari motivi. igi Seqmnilia mTavari

ganmsazRvreli samxedro miznebis miRwevisaTvis da aseve im ZalebisTvis,

romlebic saWiroa am miznebis misaRwevad”.

karl fon klauzevici

Tanamedrove msoflio wesrigi didad ar gansxvavdeba imisgan, rac iyo

mravali saukunis win. aRsaniSnavia, rom antikur xanaSi berZnul

polisebSi damkvidrebul demokratiasac emuqreboda safrTxe sxva

polisebisa an saxelmwifoebisagan, romlebTaTvisac totalitarizmi da

oligarqia ufro miRebul wyobad miiCneoda. saxelmwifoebi, imperiebi,

regionaluri kavSirebi erTiandebodnen saerTo safrTxis winaSe,

romelic emuqreboda maT erovnul interesebs; magram, aRniSnuli

problemis daZlevisa da maTi gaZlierebis Semdeg, wina planze

gadadioda erovnuli interesebi da aqedan gamomdinare, isini ukve

safrTxes warmoadgendnen erTmaneTisTvis; Tumca, rac yvelaze

mniSvnelovania, yovelTvis daculi iyo wonasworobis principi. erTi

saxelmwifo an imperia, romelic miaRwevda ganviTarebis piks, ukve

iwyebda ngrevas da ukusvlas, radgan mis siZlieres veRaravin egueboda

da erTiandebodnen mis winaaRmdeg. amas Cven vxedavT istoriaSi:

aleqsandre makedonelis uzarmazari imperiis daSla, romis imperiis

aRzeveba da daqucmaceba, Cingis xanis mier naSenebi monRolebis imperia,

espaneTi Tavisi Zlieri flotiT, napoleonis safrangeTi, inglisi,

nacisturi Ggermania da bolos _ sabWoTa kavSiri. siaxleebi,

gansakuTrebiT politikur sferoebSi, arastabilurobis sawindaria.

istoriulad imperia unda iyos statikuri, Tumca ZalTa balansis

sistemac arastabilurobiT xaisaTdeba. mudam arsebuli riski gaxda

sistemis rRvevis mizezi. teqnologiurma cvlilebebma omis Rirebuleba

warmoudgenlad gazarda. samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da demokratiis

ganviTarebam SeuZlebeli gaxada amoraluri azrovneba, romelic

aucilebeli iyo ZalTa balansis sistemis funqcionirebisaTvis.

miuxedavad amisa, realuri alternativis ar arsebobis gamo, igi dRemde

SemorCa; xolo 1945 wlis Semdeg warmoqmnili sistema ufro Zvelis



kulminaciaa, vidre raime axali. evropaSi arsebuli mravalmxrivi ZalTa

balansi msoflio teroris ormxriv ZalTa balansad iqca. Tumca es ar

iyo grZelvadian perspeqtivaze gaTvlili sistema. ZalTa balansi ver

ergeba meoce saukunis bolosTvis damaxasiaTebel moralistur

suliskveTebas. gauTavebeli omebis fonze saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi

evropul saxelmwifeobs Soris wonasworobis principis damkvidrebam

daaregulira. ramdenad samarTliani iyo es regulacia _ sxva sakiTxia3.

(politikaSi samarTlianobaze msjeloba, miT umetes, sagareo

urTierTobebSi, saerTod uadgiloa). XX sauknis meore naxevari iyo ara

marto ZalTa balansis, aramed imperiuli mizanswrafulobis

aRsasrulic. garkveul etapze es ori erTad moiazreba. imperiaTa

umravlesoba daiSala: osmaleTi, germania, avstria, safrangeTi,

britaneTi da sabWoTa kavSiri axla mxolod istoriis nawilia.

Mmocemul situaciaSi saxeze gvaqvs qveynis ori axali tipi: pirveli es

aris axlandeli qveynebi _ xSirad yofili koloniebi _ sadac qveyanam

arseboba TiTqmis Sewyvita da warmoadgens premodernistul zonas,

sadac jer kidev aqtualuria hobsiseuli `yvelas omi yvelas

winaaRmdeg~; meore, es aris yofili imperiebi (postmodernistuli

qveynebi), romelTaTvisac usafrTxoeba gamarjvebiT aRar ganisazRvreba;

Mmesame, dResac arseboben tradiciuli, amave dros `Tanamedrove~

qveynebi, romlebic misdeven makiavelis principebs da raison d’état

(iseTi qveynebi, rogoricaa mag: indoeTi, pakistani da CineTi).

postmodernistul msoflioSi aRar aris safrTxe misi tradiciuli

gagebiT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qveynebi ar iWrebian erTmaneTis

teritoriaze da arc intervencias axorcieleben. maSin, rodesac

modernistul samyaroSi, klauzevicis mixedviT, omi iyo polotikis

instrumenti, xolo postmodernistul msoflioSi omi qveynis

warumateblobis niSania da qveynebi saSiSroebas erTmaneTisaTvis aRar

warmoadgenen. orive _ modernistuli da premodernistuli zonebi _

realuri safrTxea. ufro nacnobia safrTxe, romelic modernistuli

msofliodan modis. es aris qveynis klasikuri sistema, romlisganac

postmodernistuli msoflio cota xnis win ganTavisuflda. igi

ucvleli rCeba da agrZelebs imperiis da erovnuli interesebis

3 Sengelia, oTar - evropuli `wonasworoba~, strategiuli kvlevebi #3;

Tbilisi, 2010. gv 89-113



principebidan gamomdinare moqmedebas. Tu aris stabiluroba, is

agresiuli Zalebis balansiT iqneba miRweuli. aRsaniSnavia, Tu ramdenad

cotaa iseTi adgili, sadac ar aris amgvari balansi da ramdenad

aqtualuria zogierT regionSi atomuri elementis arsebobis sakiTxi.

msoflios ramodenime mTavari cvlilebis gaerTianeba – ara Tukidides

droindelis, aramed ukanaskneli aTwleulis – gvaZlevs safuZvels,

raTa avagoT axali saxis saerTaSoriso wesrigi.

msoflio omis dasasruliT miRebuli wesrigis reformirebis

SesaZlebloba, bipolaruli mtrobisa da arastabilurobis dasasruli,

saerTaSoriso organizaciebisaTvis axali gamowvevebi, sivrce farTo

speqtris mqone SeTanxmebebSi samoqmedod da ara erTpirovnuli

diqtatura, demokratiuli normebisa da institutebis gavrceleba – es

yvelaferi erTad aRebuli gviqmnis am axal SesaZleblobas4.

2.1 erovnuli interesebi

politikis sxeuls qmnis saxelmwifoTa erTianoba, romelic gamoixateba

mTavrobebis mier garkveul teritoriaTa marTviT. saxelmwifos

daarsebis mizania konkretuli sazogadoebrivi interesebisa da

miswrafebebis dacva, xolo mTavroba arsebobs, raTa dadasturdes

xalxis suverenuli damoukidebloba, uzrunvelyos maTi keTildReoba

da mSvidoba. am yvelafris misaRwevad aucilebelia pirvel rigSi

davisaxoT mizani, romelsac warmoadgens erovnuli interesebi. igi aris

urTierTobis saxe, romelsac konkretuli mTavroba aRwevs, raTa

sakuTari miznebis ganxorcieleba SeaTavsos sxva saxelmwifos

SesaZleblobebsa da ZalauflebasTan. saxelmwifos erovnuli

interesebi warmoadgens mmarTvelobis ierarqias, romlis meSveobiTac

uwevT sakuTari gadawyvetilebebisa da moqmedebebis saerTaSoriso

arenaze gatana. xalxis norma dgindeba maTi erovnuli kulturiTa da

identurobiT. isini qmnian erovnuli faseulobebis kanons, romelTa

msajuli mxolod eria da mxolod igi wyvets ra aris swori da ra ara,

ra aris miRebuli da ra miuRebeli. sazogadoebis Rirebulebebi maT

erovnul ideologiaSi gamoixateba. es ideologia qmnis maT

saerTaSoriso miswrafebebs da STaagonebs sakuTari qveynis erovnuli

4 Russett, Bruce M. – Grasping the Democratic Peace: principles for a post-Cold War

world, Princeton University Press; New Jersay, 1992. pg 56



interesebis xelSewyobasa da dacvas. ideologiisa da interesebis

erToblioba warmoqmnis erovnul interesebs. isini axdenen erovnuli

yuradRebis fokusirebasa da mxardaWeras. ideologiiT damuxtuli

sakiTxebi aRvivebs emociebs da acocxlebs erovnul nebas, Tumca Tavis

mxriv aseTi sakiTxebi adgenen, Tu rogori mgznebareba eqneba maT

ganxilvas. aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmwifo moxeleebi unda iSveliebdnen

am damuxtul sakiTxebs, raTa STaagonon erovnuli interesebi,

romelTac SeuZliaT gaamyaron qveynis ganviTarebisa da dacvisken

mimarTuli politika. sakiTxebi gansxvavdeba insteresebisagan, Tumca

Sinagani harmoniisa da keTildReobisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania

qveynis erTguleba misi sakiTxebisadmi, romelic swor yofaqcevaSi

gamoixateba, xolo Sinagani harmoniisa da keTildReobis SenarCuneba

nebismieri saxelmwifos erovnuli interesia.5

2.1.1 uzenaesi interesebi

saxelmwifosa da misi warmomSobi wyobilebis gadarCena upirveles

interess unda warmoadgendes da aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmwifo

nebismieri xerxiT da nebismieri interesis fasad unda Seecados daicvas

sakuTari damoukidebloba. saxelmwifosaTvis TviTgadarCena aris misi

uzenaesi erovnuli interesi da misi xelyofa iwvevs oms.6

2.1.2 sasicocxlo interesebi

zogierTi sakiTxi da cvlileba ar emuqreba saxelmwifos gadarCenas,

magram, miuxedavad amisa, isini SeiZleba Seexon sasicocxlo interesebs:

usafrTxoebas, keTildReobas da mSvidobas. gansazRvreba `sasisocxlo~

niSnavs, rom is moicavs im xalxis umniSvnelovanes miznebs, vinc daaarsa

da Seqmna saxelmwifo. sakuTari sasicocxlo interesebis dasacavad

saxelmwifo gawiravs bevr naklebad mniSvnelovan interess da im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu CaTvlis, rom es ar avnebs uzenaes interess –

gadarCenas, didi zaralis miuxedavad igi SeiZleba omis saSiSroebis

winaSec aRmoCndes. sasicocxlo interesad aseve SeiZleba CaiTvalos:

usafrTxo sazRvrebSi erovnuli erTianobis dacva, strategiuli

5 Freeman, Chas W. JR - Arts of Power: Stratecraft and Diplomacy, US Institute of Peace;

Washington DC, 2005. pg. 126 ibid - pg. 9



upiratesobis uzrunvelyofa da potenciuri mtris upiratesobis

daqveiTeba, erovnuli siZlierisa da keTildReobis resursebisadmi

potenciuri agresorebis ar daSveba, imuniteti, diversiuli aqtivobisgan

Tavisufleba da Sida saqmeebSi Caurevloba. sasicocxlo interesebis

mimarT safrTxeebis arsebobisas, saxelmwifos gauZneldeba dacva da

aRniSnul sakiTxSi progresis misaRwevad igi Seecdeba orive –

samxedro da diplomatiuri gziT upiratesobis xelSi Cagdebas. es aris

ZiriTadi STagoneba saxelmwifos arsebobisa.7

2.1.3 strategiuli interesebi

strategiuli interesi gamomdinareobs im sakiTxebisa da cvlilebebidan,

romlebic ar moqmedeben keTildReobasa da mSvidobaze; Sesabamisad, ar

moiTxoven dauyonebliv gadawyvetilebebs saxelmwifos mxridan

usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, magram maTdami uyuradRebobis

SemTxvevaSi isini pirdapir zemoqmedeben am sasicocxlo interesebze, an

maTi dacvisunarianobaze. saxelmwifos ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi, misi

politika da urTierTobebi unda moergos mimdinare strategiuli

tendenciebis gadawyvetas da unda miiswrafodes am tendenciebis

udidesi upiratesobis an naklovanebisaken. moTxovnileba aris

saxelmwifos strategiuli interesi. aseTi strategiuli interesebi

unda gamomdinareobdes mowinaaRmdegis an mokavSiris dasustebidan an

gaZlierebidan, saerTaSoriso arenaze Tanasworobis cvlilebebisa da

gavlenis sferoebidan, resursebis mopovebisa da axali teqnologiebis

Seqmnidan, saerTaSoriso saxelmwifo wyobis sistemaSi cvlilebebisa da

maT farglebSi maregulirebeli reJimebidan, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

da vaWrobis axali modelebis gamoCenisa da aseve, axali doqtrinebisa

da ideologiebis Seqmnisagan, moqalaqeebis da maTi sakuTrebis

statusisa da maTdami mopyrobis axali gamowvevebidan. saxelmwifos

strategiuli interesebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos saerTaSoriso wesrigis

mxardaWerasa da saxelmwifo sistemisa da misi damoukideblobisadmi

pativiscemaSi, mis SesaZleblobaSi iTanamSromlos sxva

saxelmwifoebTan saerTo interesis matarebeli sakiTxebis gadaWraSi an


Washington DC, 2005. pg. 10



sakuTari erovnuli interesebis farTo speqtris efeqturad

xelSewyobasa da maT dacvaSi.8

2.1.4 taqtikuri interesebi

taqtikuri interesi Tavs iCens mTeli rigi aqtivobebidan, romelic

modis saxelmwifosa da mis sazRvrebs gareT myofi Tanamemamuleebis

mxridan. es aqtivobebi moicavs magaliTad: saerTaSoriso an ormxrivi

TanamSromlobis safuZvelze miRebul normaTa uaryofas, vaWrobas,

finansebs, turizms da sxva saxis kerZo warmoebis sferoebSi

ganxorcielebul ama Tu im moqmedebas, sxva qveynebis kanonebis,

dawesebulebebisa da sazRvrebis pativiscemas, saerTaSoriso

satransporto sistemaSi CarTulobas; diplomatTa, samxedroebisa da

saxelmwifo sakuTrebis statuss, mTavrobasa da xalxs Soris

damokidebulebas da urTierTobas an erovnuli Rirsebisa da

suverenitetis pativiscemas. aseTi tipis interesebis dacva warmoadgens

im masalas, romlisganac yoveldRiuri diplomatia aris naqsovi.9

2.2 erovnuli Zala

Zalaufleba aris unari marTo sxvaTa gadawyvetilebani da moqmedebani

romelic miiReba Zalisa da neba-survilisagan. Zala Tavis mxriv modis

resursebis SesaZleblobebSi transformaciisgan, xolo neba-survili –

miznebis gadawyvetilebebTan Serwymaa. strategia aZlierebs

SesaZleblobebs da aiZulebs maT sizusteSi gardasaxvas. saxelmwifos

marTvis xelovneba cdilobs strategiis meSveobiT gazardos

Zalauflebis masa, aqtualoba, biZgi da moudrekeloba. igi

xelmZRvanelobs im gzebiT, romliTac saxelmwifo Slis da iyenebs

sakuTar Zalauflebas10. igi aris mimdinare movlenaTa kontrolis

saSualeba, maT Soris, sxvaTa gadawyvetilebebisa da moqmedebebis. nebis,

potencialisa da Zalis gaerTianeba warmoSobs Zalauflebas.

amavdroulad politikaSi aucilebelia realobis aRqma. diplomatiaSi

sworad aRqmuli Zala aris WeSmariti Zalaufleba, xolo qveynebs Soris


Washington DC, 2005. pg. 119 ibid - pg. 810 ibid - pg. 3



am sworad aRqmuli Zalebis balansi wyvets brZolis Sedegebs omis

gareSe. mxolod omSi gamoicdeba da ganisazRvreba WeSmariti balansi

mowinaaRmdegeebs Soris. omis pirobebSic ki, ormxrivi aRqma qmnis

gadawyvetilebebs da aqedan gamomdinare mowinaaRmdegeTa moqmedebebs.

saxelmwifos Zalaufleba izomeba misi SesaZleblobiT Secvalos da

mimarTos sxva saxelmwifoebis qmedebani. es damokidebulia mis nebaze

gamoiyenos sakuTari erovnuli Zalaufleba da potenciali sxvebTan

mimarTebaSi. sakuTari Zalauflebis Sefaseba exmareba saxelmwifos

gadawyvitos, Tu ra donis zewola gamoiyenos sakuTari Tvalsazrisis

dasacavad da ramdenad gariskos misi gadaWarbebisas. miuxedavad amisa,

saxelmwifos potenciali gauwios winaaRmdegoba oponents saboloo

jamSi SeiZleba Semowmdes mxolod da mxolod omSi11.

2.2.1 politikuri Zala

politikuri Zala izomeba SesaZleblobiT daarwmunos sxva

saxelmwifoebi sakuTari saxelmwifo politikis sisworeSi, sakuTari

mizniT gaaerTianos isini da aseve STaagonos isini daeqvemdebaron

sakuTari mizans. es aris Sedegi rogorc nacionaluri

sicocxlisunarianobisa da erTianobis, aseve prestiJis, romelic

warmoiSva kulturuli sxvaobis da ekonomikuri da samxedro

siZlieridan da aRiqmeba potencialad. politikuri Zala izrdeba

koaliciis da nebismieri farTo saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis

farglebis SemTxvevaSi. mas SeimuSavebs qveynis diplomatiuri da sxva

warmomadgenlobebi. politikuri Zalebi ufro efeqturia, roca maTi

stimulireba xdeba kooperaciisa da TanamSromlobis mier da ara

rogorc damsjelobiTi instrumenti. es yovelive diplomatiis bazisia12.

2.2.2 kulturuli Zala

kultuluri Zala vlindeba eris SesaZleblobaSi STaagonos sxva erebi

sakuTari ideiT, aRafrTovanos miRwevebiT da gamoiyenos sakuTari ena.

kulturuli Zala agebulia sxvadasxva institutebis, xalxsa da

konkretul pirovnebebs Soris pirdapiri kontaqtiT. ekonomikuri Zala


Washington DC, 2005. pg. 1012 ibid - pg. 11



izomeba eris finansuri aqtivebiT, saqonlis warmoebiTa da sabazro

SesaZleblobebiT13.

2.2.3 samxedro Zala

samxedro Zala aris erovnuli Zalauflebis yvelaze calsaxa elementi.

is aseve aris yvelaze ZviradRirebuli da uzrunvelyofs yvelaze

uSualo da sastik saSualebebs, romlis meSveobiTac mTavroba SeZlebs

gavlena moaxdinos sxva saxelmwifoebze. samxedro Zala izomeba saomari

gamocdilebiT da unar-CvevebiT, romlebic Tavis mxriv aris

rekrutirebis, wvrTnis, disciplinis, aRWurvilobis, logistikis da

meTaurobis produqti14.

2.3 erovnuli usafrTxoeba

nebismieri qveynis siZliereze metyvelebs is faqti, Tu ramdenad

Zlieria misi Tavdacvisunarianoba, ramdenad Seswevs gare safrTxis

mogeriebis unari minimaluri adamianuri, Tu samoqalaqo

infrastruqturis ganadgurebiT. aRniSnuli SesaZleblobebi

gansazRvrulia saxelmwifos mTavrobis mier strategiuli donis

dokumentebSi. qveynis erovnuli usafrTxoebis SenarCuneba da

uzrunvelyofa akisria mis SeiaraRebul Zalebs, xolo aRniSnuli

institutis politika gawerilia samxedro strategiaSi. qveynis

strategia erovnuli usafrTxoebis hologramis is segmentia, romelic

Tavis TavSi moicavs mTeli saxelmwifoebrivi sistemis suraTs15.

erovnuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da dacva, Sida Tu gare

safrTxisagan, aris misi arsebobisa da funqcionirebis kredo. amisTvis

mas esaWiroeba Zlieri politikuri da diplomatiuri korpusi, samxedro

Zala, ekonomikuri mowyoba, sainformacio sivrce da yvela saxis

(adamianuri, materialuri Tu inteleqtualuri) resursi, romelic

warmoadgens saxelmwifos siZlieris erTian `jaWvs~, romlis erTi

rgolis amovardnis Sedegad iSleba mTliani sistema. aRniSnuli


Washington DC, 2005. pg. 1214 ibid - 16-1715 kaSia, janri - qarTuli kulturis paradigma da gamowvevebi cvalebad

geopolitikur dafaze, strategiuli kvlevebi #2; Tbilisi, 2009. gv. 5-27



faqtorebis arsebobis Sedegad ukve aucilebelia maTi efeqturad

gamoyeneba, rac SesaZlebelia swori strategiis gamoyenebiT. strategia

gaazrebulia rogorc saxelmwifos mier mis politikur

mizandasaxulobaTa misaRwevad saxelmwifo Zalis instrumentebis

(politikur/diplomatiuri, ekonomikur, samxedro da informaciuli)

koordinirebuli gamoyeneba16. ixileT nax. #1, sadac ganmartebulia

erovnuli interesebisTvis gansaxorcielebeli sqematika da erovnuli

usafrTxoebasTan misi urTierTqmedeba.

naxati # 1: erovnuli interesebis ganxorciebis sqema

yuradReba minda gavamaxvilo saxelmwifos Zalauflebis elementebze,

romlebic warmoadgenen erovnuli usafrTxoebis strategiis

instrumentebs. isini warmodgenilia erovnuli usafrTxoebis

strategiaSi da Tavis mxriv warmoadgens dokuments, romelSic

mocemulia is ZiriTadi saprogramo Tezisebi, romelTa cxovrebaSi

gatareba, e.i. maTi sxvadasxva sferoSi programad qceva, uzrunvelyofs

saxelmwifos usafrTxo arsebobasa da ganviTarebas17.

16 TevzaZe, daviT - momavlis omi globalizaciis WrilSi da saqarTvelos

usafrTxoebis problema, strategiuli kvlevebi #2; Tbilisi, 2009. gv. 37-57

17 mWedliSvili, aleqsandre - erovnuli usafrTxoebis strategiis Seqmnis

principi, strategiuli kvlevebi #2; Tbilisi, 2009. gv. 109-123



geografiuli elementi – igulisxmeba saxelmwifos ganlageba,

teritoriis sidide, sazRvrebi, klimati da topografia. demografiuli

elementi – igulisxmeba mosaxleobis raodenoba, struqtura, eTnikuri

Semadgenloba, gansaxleba, tendenciebi da a.S. am SemTxvevaSi, qveynis

eTnikuri mravalferovneba iwvevs qveynis regionebSi potenciuri

safrTxis gaRvivebas.

naturaluri resursebi da ekonomikuri elementi – resursi kritikulia

omis warmoebisa da ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis, xolo ekonomika

ufro metad socialur faqtorebzea damokidebuli (mosaxleobis

ganaTlebis done, politikuri sistema, kanonmdebloba da a.S.), vidre

naturalur resursebze. saxelmwifoSi sustad ganviTarebuli ekonomika

qveynis erovnuli usafrTxoebisTvis seriozuli gamowvevaa, vinaidan

mdgradi ganviTarebis gareSe qveynis erovnuli usafrTxoebis gareSe,

qveynis ekonomikis konkurentunarianoba dabali iqneba.

samxedro elementi – samxedro Zliereba istoriulad, erovnuli

Zalauflebis yalibsa da sazoms warmoadgenda. brZolis wageba, rogorc

wesi, erovnuli Zalauflebis seriozul degradacias, xSirad ki

saxelmwifos moSlasac iwvevda; omSi gamarjveba ki seriozuli biZgi

iyo eris Semdgomi gaZlierebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis. saxelmwifos

samxedro SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebas esaWiroeba xangrZlivi da

Sromatevadi muSaoba. SeiaraRebuli Zalebi unda gaxdes ufro mobiluri

da ganaviTaros Tavisi SesaZleblobebi maRali teqnologiiT, raTa mzad

iyos meoTxe Taobis omis warmoebisaTvis, romelic efeqturi iqneba Cveni

qveynis teritoriuli simwiris gaTvaliswinebiT.

politikuri elementi – Zalauflebis es elementi ZiriTadad

ganpirobebulia saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis formiTa da xelisuflebis

unariT gardaqmnas eris potenciuri Zala realur Zalauflebad.

amasTanave mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor afasebs sociumi xelisuflebas, an

rogori unda, rom is iyos. Tu xelisufleba ver airCevs swor

politikas qveynis ganviTarebisTvis, Sedegad miviRebT areul da

daubalansebel strategias urTierTgamomricxavi da konfliqturi

miznebiT. diskusiebi Cvens qveyanaSi erovnuli usafrTxoebis



problemebis identificirebisa da klasificirebisaTvis aucilebeli

politikuri procesi unda gaxdes. ufro metic, winaswar unda iyos

gansazRvruli da SeTanxmebuli arsebuli diskusiis terminologia,

sazRvrebi da parametrebi.

fsiqologiuri elementi – arsebuli tradiciis Tanaxmad, warmoadgens

erovnuli nebis, moraluri mdgomareobis, erovnuli xasiaTisa da

erovnuli integrirebulobis rTul nakrebs. qveynis sazogadoebaSi ar

aris erTiani neba, erTiani miswrafebebi, radgan sazogadeoba

daqsaqsulia iseT jgufebad, romlebic gansxvavebulad acnobiereben

sakuTar Rirebulebebsa da faseulobebs.

informaciuli elementi – globalizaciis epoqaSi informaciuli veli

da virtualuri sivrce iseTive realobaa, rogorc fizikuri.

komunikaciis amouwuravi SesaZleblobebi da informacia qmnian faqiz

materias. erTiani saxelmwifo sainformacio politikis da misi

ganmaxorcielebeli infrastruqturis sisustem, aseve saxelmwifo

marTvis arasakmaris da arasaTanado informaciaze dafuZnebam SeiZleba

safrTxe Seuqmnas erovnul usafrTxoebas18. informacia yovelTvis

TamaSobda sasicocxlo rols ama Tu im omis msvlelobaSi da

zegavlenas axdenda mis Sedegebze, rogorc dazvervis mopovebis saxiT,

aseve fsiqologiuri operaciebis saxiTac19.

realoba mWidrod aaxloebs strategiul dagegmarebas, ufro did

konteqstSi. politikuri miznebi sakuTar rols TamaSobs da, ra Tqma

unda, TamaSgare ar rCeba arc diplomatiuri, ekonomikuri, Tu samxedro

resursebi. yvela es elementi aSkaraa, magram strategiul azrovnebaze

zegavlenas axdens aseve sxva, ufro faqizi, magram aranakleb

mniSvnelovani elementebi. geografia gvexmareba imis dadgenaSi, Tu sad

aris mocemuli iseTi saxelmwifoebrivi mowyoba, romelSic safrTxis an

potenciuri mowinaaRmdegis agresiis SedarebiT naklebi albaToba

18 saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefcia; Tbilisi, 2005 -

http://www.mod.gov.ge/?page=-10&Id=9&lang=019 Metz, Steven & Kievit, James– Strategy and the revolution in military affairs: from theory

to policy, US Army War College; 1995. pp. 4-5



iarsebebs. istoriuli gamocdileba gviqmnis uaryofiT Sefasebas omisa

da politikis bunebaze da SeuZlia warmoqmnas mougeriebeli

strategiuli mbrZanebloba, xolo ideologia da kultura

gadawyvetilebebis mimRebTa da maTi sociumis gaazrebuli da

gauazrebeli mimarTulebis formaa. safrTxes iwvevs ara marto iseTi

ideologia da kultura, sadac sxvadasxva perspeqtivebi arafris

momcemia, ufro metic, samTavrobo organizaciis bunebam SeiZleba

mkveTrad gansazRvros sofistikacia saxelmwifo strategiis

Sefasebebisa da im siCqaris, romliTac is SeZlebs upasuxos axal

safrTxeebsa da gamowvevebs.20

2.4 samxedro strategia

samxedro strategia uzrunvelyofs samxedro operaciebis

ganxorcielebas. imperiis generalitetis ufrosi da inglis-aSS-is

gaerTianebuli xelmZRvanelobis erT-erTi ufrosi, TiTqmis mTeli meore

msoflio omis dros, fild marSal vikont alanbruki samxedro

strategiis xelovnebas aRwerda Semdegnairad: - raTa miRweul iqnes

politikuri miznidan rigi samxedro miznebisa, unda gansazRvrul iqnes

es miznebi, im samxedro moTxovnebiT, romlebsac isini qmnian da im

winapirobebiT, romelic saWiroa TiToeuli am miznis misaRwevad. unda

ganisazRvros, agreTve, SesaZlo da potenciuri resursebi moTxovnebTan

Sesabamisad, raTa moxdes momdevno prioritetebisa da moqmedebebis

racionaluri kursis gansazRvra. samxedro strategia politikis

dasaxvewad saWiro samxedro miznebis ganawilebis da SeTanxmebis

xelovnebaa21. Tanamedrove samxedro strategiis mTavari gageba

mdgomareobs SemdegSi: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor moqmedebda da

warimarTeboda strategiis Seqmnis procesi, SeiZleba daexmaros

aRniSnuli procesis warmatebul winsvlas awymosa da momavalSi22.

uvargisi strategia Zviri jdeba. cudi strategia, maSin roca saubari

midis gadarCenaze, SeiZleba iyos sasikvdilo; xolo Zalian cudi

20 Murray, William & Knox, MacGregor & Bernstein, Alvin - The making of strategy:

Rulers, states, and war; Cambridge, 1994. pg. 1-221 Murray, William, Knox, Macgregor & Bernstein, Alvin - The making of strategy: Rulers,

states, and war; Cambridge, 1994. pg. 122 ibid - pg. 6



strategia TiTqmis yovelTvis fataluri xdeba. Tanamedrove strategia

aris XX saukunis samyaroSi organizebuli Zalis politikuri

miznebisTvis gamoyenebis Teoria da praqtika da am gamoyenebis

saSiSroeba. misi mizania strategiis arsis aRqmis win waweva im

urTierTkavSiris axsniT, romelic arsebobs Tanamedrove omis

TandaTanobiT mzard sirTuleebsa da omis saerTo Teoriasa da

strategias Soris, romelic swori formulirebis SemTxvevaSi istoriis

specifikasTan mimarTebaSi indeferentuli xdeba23. samxedro strategiis

moTxovnis Sesasrulebad ZiriTadi problemaa, regionaluri

konfliqtebis mosagvareblad saWiro samxedro mosamsaxureebis

ukmarisoba konkretul arealSi, rac ganapirobebs dasaxuli amocanis

Seusruleblobas24. strategia gulisxmobs politikuri miznebis

mxardasaWerad samxedro Zalis gamoyenebas, magram mSvidobianobis dros

politikosebi, generlebi da admiralebic ki, iSviaTad Tu iqnebian

darwmunebulni omSi maTi samxedro instrumentebis SesaZlo

Sedegianobaze.25

2.5 samxedro mSenebloba

samxedro mSenebloba Tavdacvis politikis ganuyofeli nawilia.

aRniSnuli garemoeba rigi uwyebebis TanamSromlobas moiTxovs. am

TanamSromlobaSi monawileobs SeiaraRebuli Zalebis uSualo

marTvisgan ganze mdgomi araerTi uwyebac, romelTac usafrTxoebis

politikaSi garkveuli roli akisriaT. amdenad, pasuxismgeblobaTa

gamijvnis, koordinaciisa da gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis meqanizmis

mkafioeba gansakuTrebiTaa mniSvnelovani umaRles politikur,

intersaagento doneze26. samxedro mSeneblobis mniSvnelovani nawilia

samxedro teqnologiuri da samxedro samcniero ganviTareba. samxedro

revolucia Zlier saxelmwifoSi xdeba maSin, rodesac axali

teqnologia zegavlenas axdens rig samxedro sistemebze, romlebic

23 Gray, Colin S. - Modern Strategy, Oxford University Press; Oxford, 2001. pg. 10224 Shalikashvili, John M. - National Military Strategy of the United States: A strategy of

Flexible and Selective Engagement; Washington DC 1995. pp. ii-iii25 Gray, Colin S. - Modern Strategy, Oxford University Press; Oxford, 2001. pg. 8526 Collins, John M. - Military Strategy: Principles, Practices and Historical Perspectives, Yale

University Press; USA, 2002. p. 7



kombinirebulni arian inovaciur operatiul koncefciebTan da maTi

organizaciuli adaptacia gardauvali xdeba. aRniSnuli cvlilebebi

fundamentalurad cvlis SeiaraRebul konfliqtTa xasiaTs, rac

TavisTavad ganapirobebs saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebas da Tanamedrove teqnologiebis

danergvas27. Cveni istoriis manZilze moxda sul xuTi revolucia

samxedro saqmeebSi, romlebmac Secvales SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa da

konfliqtebis xasiaTi:

1. XVII saukuneSi Tanamedrove erovnuli saxelmwifos Seqmna, romlis

simZlavres amyarebda didi masStabebis mqone Zlieri

disciplinirebuli samxedro manqana;

2. XVIII saukunis bolos franguli revolucia, romelmac masebSi

moaxdina politikisa da samxedro Zalauflebis Serwyma;

3. XVIII saukunis bolos industriuli revolucia da misi Semdgomi

periodi, romelmac xalxisTvis mimzidvelad aqcia SeiaraRebuli

Zalebi, radgan iq isini aRiWurvebodnen, ikvebebodnen, imosebodnen

da gasamrjelosac Rebulobdnen;

4. pirveli msoflio omi, romelmac gaaerTiana franguli da

industriuli revoluciebis memkvidreoba da SemdgomSi nimuSad

daedo XX saukunis omebs;

5. birTvuli iaraRis Seqmna, romelmac evropisa da Crdilo-

aRmosavleT aziis TeatrebSi yvela arsebuli precendentis

sawinaaRmdegod civi omis msvleloba `civad~ SeinarCuna.

es xuTi ZiriTadi Zvra geologiuri metaforidan Semdegnairad aris

gagebuli – es iyo miwisZvrebi. maT Seitanes sistemuri cvlilebebi

politikasa da sazogadoebaSi. isini iyvnen arakontrolirebadi,

araprognozirebadi da gauTvaliswinebelni. es biZgebi dRemde

grZeldeba Cvens civilizaciaSi28.

27 Metz, Steven & Kievit, James– Strategy and the revolution in military affairs: from theory

to policy, US Army War College; 1995. pp. 3-428 Knox, Macgregor & Murray. Williamson - The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-

2050; Cambridge, 2001. pg 6-7



2.6 birTvuli iaraRi

birTvuli iaraRis ganviTareba ganapiroba revoluciam samxedro

saqmeebSi, romelic viTardeba maSin, rodesac axali civilizacia

aRmocendeba da konkurencias uwevs Zvels; rodesac mTliani

sazogadoeba gardaiqmneba da iwvevs yvela doneze samxedro

specialistebis, teqnikisa Tu SeiaraRebis cvlas. aRniSnuli cvlileba

moicavs yvela dones, dawyebuli teqnologiuri Tu kulturuli donidan

fundamentalur cvlas qveynis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi, kerZod mis

organizaciaSi, strategiaSi, taqtikaSi, wvrTnaSi, doqtrinasa da

logistikaSi. aRniSnuli jaWvuri reaqciis Semdgom periodSi

saxelmwifos samxedro politika erTiandeba mis ekonomikasa da

sazogadoebasTan, ris Sedegadac miviRebT Zlier samxedro Zalas,

romelic safrTxes Seuqmnis msoflioSi ZalTa balanss29. birTvuli

iaraRi dagvexmara mSvidobis SenarCunebaSi. diskusia exeba birTvuli

SeiaraRebis Sejibrebas, rogorc omis eqvivalenti, romelic gugunebda

aSS-sa da sabWoTa kavSirs Soris `civi omis~ dros30. birTvuli

strategia politikuri miznebis misaRwevad warmoadgens muqaras, an

Zalis gamoyenebas. am muqaris, an Zalis gamoyenebis gavlena mimdinare

movlenebze aris strategiuli efeqti. faqti imisa, rom 1960-iani wlebis

msxvilmasStabiani ormxrivi birTvuli omi ver moemsaxureboda

gonivrul politikur miznebs ar uaryofs imas, rom birTvuli iaraRi

marTlac erT-erTi WeSmariti strategiuli instrumentia. Tumca, rogori

paradoqsulic ar unda iyos, SesaZlebelia, rom strategiuli birTvuli

iaraRis gamanadgurebeli Zala, Tavis mxriv, aris kidec strategiuli

gavlenis Zlieri wyaro31. birTvuli SeiaraRebiT aRWurvili

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis raodenoba unda iyos didi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es

SeiaraRebuli Zalebi aris `ultima ratio regis~, maSin es ar aris

Tavdacvis Zalisxmeva, romelic zrunavs imaze, Tu romelma unda aiRos

sakuTar Tavze usasyidlo riskebi32.

29 Toffler, Alvin & Toffler , Heidi - War and Anti-War: Survival at the Dawn of the 21st

Century; Boston, 1993 pp. 20-2430 Hantington, Samuel P. – Arms Races: Prerequisites andResults in Carl J. Friedrich and

Seymour T. Harris eds., Public Policy; Cambridge, 1958. pp 40-8631 Jervis, Robert - The Meaning of the Nuclear Revolution: Statecraft and the Prospect of

Armageddon, Cornell Studies in Security Affairs; New York, 1989. pg 32232 Gray, Colin S. - Modern Strategy, Oxford University Press; Oxford, 2001. pg. 346



2.7 safrTxeebi

sabWoTa imperiis daSlam, politikurad araaqtualuri gaxada

aRmosavleT-dasavleTis mesame msoflio omis SesaZlebloba. birTvuli

safrTxe erovnuli da saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebisTvis dRemde

arsebobs, magram is radikalurad gansxvavdeba civi omis periodis

problemisgan33. Tanamedrove omebi ar iqneba konvenciuri, romlebic

safrTxes Seuqmnian saxelmwifos arsebobis fundamentalur principebs.

omi ar iwarmoeba armiebis saSualebiT, isini `gaCaRebuli~ iqneba

mobiluri jgufebis mier, romlebsac dRes veZaxiT teroristebs,

meamboxeebs, banditebsa da yaCaRebs; magram, yvelaze mniSvnelovania is,

Tu rogor vapirebT maT damarcxebas Cven dRes da ra daerqmeva im

qmedebebs, romlebsac gamoviyenebT maT winaaRmdeg34. aqedan gamomdinare

saWiroa ara omis warmoebis strategiuli SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba,

aramed mobiluri (taqtikuri) SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba, raTa

Tanamedrove safrTxis aRmofxvra moxdes maRali profesionalizmiT da

minimumamde dayvanili danakargiT. individualuri dajgufebebi iqnebian

zomiT mcireni, magram Zalian moqnilni da maT SesaZlebloba eqnebaT

daupirispirdnen gacilebiT did da Zlier mowinaaRmdeges35.

2.8 samxedro strategia - dokumenti

dokumenti, romelic garkveuli periodisaTvis gansazRvravs

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis sasurvel struqturas, maxasiaTeblebsa da maTi

miRwevis gzebs da meTodebs warmoadgens saxelmwifos umaRles

samxedro-politikur dokuments, romelic asaxavs fundamentur

sakiTxebs qveynis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gamoyenebis strategiis Sesaxeb

mSvidobis, krizisisa da omis dros. dokumenti, qveynis xelmisawvdomi

resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT, gansazRvravs misi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

ganviTarebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs arsebuli potenciuri safrTxis

maqsimalurad efeqturad gasaneitraleblad. erovnuli samxedro

strategia warmoadgens saxelmwifos Tavdacvis dagegmvis erT-erT

mniSvnelovan komponents, romlis safuZvelzec yalibdeba Tavdacvis

33 ibid - pg. 32434 Cleveld, Martin van - The Transformation of War; New York, 1991. pg 19735 Metz, Steven & Kievit, James - Strategy and the revolution in military affairs: from theory

to policy, US Army War College; 1995. pg.25



sistemis ganviTarebis gegmebi da xorcieldeba ZalTa dagegmvis

RonisZiebebi. dokumenti moicavs iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs,

rogoricaa: samxedro strategiis mniSvneloba, erovnuli samxedro

miznebi da amocanebi, saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis moqmedebis

principebi da ganviTarebis moTxovnebi, saWiro samxedro

SesaZleblobebi. dokumenti gansazRvravs erovnul samxedro miznebs,

qveynis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis ZiriTad amocanebs, ganviTarebisaTvis

saWiro SesaZleblobebs, romlebic gamomdinareoben `safrTxeebis

Sefasebis~ dokumentSi asaxuli safrTxidan, èrovnuli usafrTxoebis

koncefciaSi Camoyalibebuli qveynis usafrTxoebis politikis

ZiriTadi mimarTulebebidan da Tavdacvis politikidan. dokumenti

asaxavs qveynis erovnuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofisa da

ganmtkicebisaTvis SemuSavebul SZ-is gamoyenebis strategias. èrovnuli

samxedro strategia~ iTvaliswinebs SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gamoyenebas

sxva saxelmwifo organoebTan koordinaciaSi, samoqalaqo da

demokratiuli kontrolis pirobebSi. èrovnuli samxedro strategia~

saSualovadiani periodisTvis gansazRvravs SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

amocanebs da warmoadgens saxelmZRvanelos operatiuli dagegmvis

ZiriTadi mimarTulebebisTvis. èrovnuli samxedro strategia~

saxelmZRvanelo dokumentia, ris safuZvelzec SeiaraRebulma Zalebma

unda Seasrulon is ZiriTadi amocanebi, romlebic emsaxureba erovnuli

samxedro miznebis miRwevas36. miRebuli praqtikiT samxedro strategia

ibeWdeba da qveyndeba. amas garda, gamocemas zogjer erTvis

saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Semadgenlobis, struqturis,

misiebis, samomavlo ganviTarebis perspeqtivebis aRweriloba. masSi

yuradReba eTmoba bolo wlebis manZilze saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis

politikis analizsac. rogorc wesi, aRniSnul publikacias TeTr wigns

uwodeben. rig SemTxvevebSi, TeTr wigns Tan axlavs Tavad usafrTxoebis

strategiis SemuSavebis procesis aRweriloba. amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas,

rom TeTri wigni erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefciis ganmartebaa.

xSirad erovnuli usafrTxoebis Tematika iyofa cal-calke dabeWdil

Tavdacvisa da sagareo politikis TeTr wignebad.

36 saqarTvelos erovnuli samxedro strategia; Tbilisi, 2005 –

http://www.mod.gov.ge/?page=-10&Id=3&lang=0



2.9 samxedro doqtrina

samxedro doqtrina fuZemdebluri dokumentia, romliTac samxedroebi

warmarTaven Tavis qmedebas dasaxuli amocanis gadaWris

uzrunvelsayofad. igi im zogadpolitikuri saxelmZRvanelos

safuZvelze miiReba, romlis rolsac koncefcia asrulebs. liberalur-

demokratiul samyaroSi arsebobs Camoyalibebuli praqtika Tu ra unda

eweros saxelmwifoTa usafrTxoebis strategiis amsaxvel dokumentebSi,

raTa man Tavisi funqcia - politikis siRiavisa da legitimurobis

xelSewyoba - ganaxorcielos37. samxedro doqtrina aris lakonuri

gamoxatva imisa, Tu rogor axerxebs SeiaraRebuli Zalebi laSqrobebis,

ZiriTadi operaciebis, brZolisa da sxvadasxva saqmianobis

Sesrulebisas TanamSromlobas. igi SeiaraRebul Zalebs uwesebs saerTo

miTiTebebis CarCoebs. is exmareba operaciebis standartizaciaSi da

samxedro davalebebis Sesrulebis zogadi wesebis saSualebiT aiolebs

mzadyofnas. standartizacia niSnavs, rom jariskaci sxva qvedanayofSi

gadasvlis SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im samxedro davalebebis Sesrulebisas ar

saWiroebs axali wesebis da gzebis povnas. doqtrina aiolebs

komunikacias jariskacebs Soris, xels uwyobs saerTo profesionaluri

kulturis Camoyalibebas da emsaxureba mas rogorc saswavlo gegmebis

fundamenti armiis ganaTlebis sistemaSi. SeiaraRebuli Zalebi swavlobs

organizebas. erTan erTad socialuri cvlilebebis da teqnikuri

miRwevebis saSualebiT, mudam cvalebadi saerTaSoriso viTarebis

pirobebSi, igi ganicdis evolucias. igi mudmivad anaxlebs sakuTar

doqtrinas, raTa angariSi gauwios cvlilebebs, danergos axali

teqnologiebi da ganvlili operaciebidan aiTvisos axali gakveTilebi.

aseve, doqtrina aumjobesebs ganaTlebisa da wvrTnis procesebs, raTa

miawodos samxedro mosamsaxures SesaZlodan maqsimalurad realuri da

gamomwvevi gamocdileba. igi miiswrafis samxedro mosamsaxureebsa da

qvedanayofebs mianiWos individualuri da koleqtiuri unar-Cvevebi,

codna da maTi davalebebis warmatebiT Sesasruleblad saWiro

Tvisebebi. samxedro doqtrina aerTianebs Teorias, istorias,

novatorobasa da praqtikas. misi mizania iniciativisa da kreatiuli

azrovnebis stimulireba. doqtrina warmoiqmneba codniTa da

37 O’Rourke,Ronald - Defense Transformation: Background and Oversight Issues for

Congress; Oxford, 2006. pg 56



gamocdilebiT da ayalibebs oficialur ganacxads imis Sesaxeb, Tu

rogor unda uxelmZRvanelon samxedro operaciebs SeiaraRebulma

Zalebma. amasTanave qmnis saerTo leqsikons maT cxadsayofad. doqtrina

warmoadgens inteleqtualur xelsawyos, romlis meSveobiTac

SesaZlebelia moulodneli moTxovnebis prognozireba38.

@

38 Field Manual No 1 – Headquarters, United States Department of the Army; Washington

DC, 2005. pp 20-21



3 SedarebiTi analizi - iluzia

omia yvela didi saqmis Semoqmedi. yvelaferi mniSvnelovani cxovrebaSi

miRweulia gamarjvebiT an damarcxebiT

heraklite

3.1 ruseTis erovnuli usafrTxoeba

ruseTis federaciis usafrTxoeba ganisazRvreba dokumentiT, romelsac

warmoadgens `erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefcia~, igi aris sagareo da

saSinao safrTxisgan pirovnebis, sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos

Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli SexedulebaTa sistema.

koncefciaSi Camoyalibebulia ruseTis federaciis politikis

umniSvnelovanesi mimarTulebebi. msoflio sazogadoebaSi ruseTis

rolisa da adgilis gansazRvris dros, koncefcia yuradRebas

amaxvilebs or urTierTgamomricxav tendenciaze; - pirveli tendencia

mdgomareobs saxelmwifoebis mniSvnelovani ricxvis ekonomikuri da

politikuri poziciebis gamyarebaSi da gaerTianebaSi, saerTaSoriso

procesebis mravalmxrivi mmarTvelobis meqanizmebis gaumjobesebaSi.

amasTan, sul ufro did rols TamaSobs ekonomikuri, politikuri,

samecniero-teqnologiuri, ekologiuri da informaciuli faqtorebi.

amis safuZvelze ruseTi xels Seuwyobs multipolaruli samyaros

Camoyalibebis ideologias; meore tendencia vlindeba saerTaSoriso

urTierTobebis struqturis Seqmnis mcdelobaSi, romelic emyareba

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi ganviTarebuli dasavluri

saxelmwifoebis dominirebas aSS-is liderobis qveS da gaTvlilia

saerTaSoriso politikaSi ZiriTadi problemebis calmxrivad,

upirveles yovlisa Zalismieri meTodebiT, mogvarebaze, saerTaSoriso

samarTlis yvela normis gverdis avliT. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis

Camoyalibeba dakavSirebulia konkurenciasTan da agreTve rigi

saxelmwifoebis survilTan, gazardon TavianTi gavlena saerTaSoriso

politikaze, maT Soris, masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRis Seqmnis

meSveobiT. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi samxedro aspeqtebi

mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs.39 ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

ricxovnoba msoflios xuTeulSi Sedis sididit (ixileT danarTi # 1).

39 Исаев, Б.А. & Баранов, Н.А. - Политические Отношения и Политический Процесс

в Современной России; Санкт-Петербург, 2003. ст. 234



3.2 ruseTis erovnuli interesebi

ruseTis erovnuli interesebi aris pirovnebis, sazogadoebis,

saxelmwifos dabalansebuli interesebis erToblioba, ekonomikur, Sida

politikur, socialur, saerTaSoriso, sainformacio, samxedro,

sasazRvro, ekologiur da sxva sferoebSi. isini grZelvadian xasiaTs

atareben da ZiriTad miznebs, saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo

politikis mimdinare da strategiul amocanebs gansazRvraven. erovnuli

interesebi ganisazRvreba samTavrobo institutebis mier, romlebic

axorcieleben TavianT funqciebs, maT Soris - urTierTqmedeben ruseTis

federaciis konstituciis da ruseTis federaciis kanonmdeblobis

farglebSi moqmed sazogadoebriv organizaciebTan. pirovnebis

interesebi mdgomareobs konstituciuri uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis

realizaciaSi, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofaSi, cxovrebis donis

amaRlebaSi, adamianis da moqalaqis fizikur, sulier da

inteleqtualur ganviTarebaSi. sazogadoebis interesebi mdgomareobs

demokratiis gamyarebaSi, socialuri da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos

SeqmnaSi, erTiani sazogadoebis SeqmnaSi, ruseTis sulier ganaxlebaSi.

saxelmwifos interesebi mdgomareobs konstituciuri wyobis,

suverenitetisa da ruseTis teritoriuli mTlianobis uryeobaSi,

ekonomikur, politikur da socialur stabilurobaSi, kanonis

uzenaesobis da wesrigis uzrunvelyofaSi, Tanabari uflebebiTa da

urTierTmomgebiani saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis SeqmnaSi.40

3.3 ruseTis samxedro politika

saxelmwifos samxedro politika, qveynis samxedro doqtrinas efuZneba.

ruseTis federaciis samxedro doqtrina warmoadgens oficialuri

Sexedulebebis erTobliobas, romelic gansazRvravs ruseTis

federaciis samxedro usafrTxoebis samxedro-politikur, samxedro-

strategiul da samxedro-ekonomikur safuZvlebs. samxedro doqtrina

TavdacviT xasiaTs atarebs, rac ganisazRvreba misi mSvidobisken

swrafvisa da erovnuli interesebis, ruseTis federaciisa da misi

mokavSireebis samxedro usafrTxoebis dacvis miznebis erTobliobiT.

samxedro doqtrinis iuridiul safuZvels warmoadgens ruseTis


в Современной России; Санкт-Петербург, 2003. ст. 241



federaciis konstitucia, federaluri kanonebi da ruseTis federaciis

sxva normatiuli aqtebi; agreTve, ruseTis federaciis saerTaSoriso

SeTanxmebebi, samxedro usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebiT41.

3.3.1 samxedro usafrTxoeba

ruseTis federaciis samxedro usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofs mis

daqvemdebarebaSi myofi Zalebisa da resursebis erToblioba.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi igi eyrdnoba im mosazrebas, rom nebismier

pirobebSi agresorisaTvis (iqneba es qveyana Tu qveyanaTa koalicia)

sapasuxo Tanaswori dartymis misayeneblad, mas sWirdeba atomuri

iaraRi. amasTan, is atomuri iaraRi, romelic ukve aris ruseTis

federaciis mflobelobaSi, ganixileba am ukanasknelis mier, rogorc

agresiis Semakavebeli faqtori, ruseTis federaciisa da misi

mokavSireebisaTvis samxedro usafrTxoebis garanti, saerTaSoriso

stabilurobisa da mSvidobis SenarCunebis saSualeba. ruseTis

federacia itovebs uflebas gamoiyenos atomuri iaraRi mis da/an misi

mokavSireebis winaaRmdeg atomuri, an sxva saxis masobrivi ganadgurebis

iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, agreTve Cveulebrivi iaraRis

gamoyenebiT ganxorcielebuli farTomasStabiani agresiis winaaRmdeg,

ruseTis federaciis eronuli usafrTxoebisaTvis kritikul

situaciaSi42.

3.3.2 samxedro mowyoba

saxelmwifos samxedro mowyoba Tavis TavSi aerTianebs ruseTis

federaciis SeiaraRebul Zalebs, romelSic aseve Sedian sxva

SeiaraRebuli Zalebi, maTi formirebebi da organoebi, romlebic

gankuTvnilia samxedro usafrTxoebis amocanebis samxedro

saSualebebiT gadaWrisaTvis da agerTve - maTi xelmZRvaneli organoebi.

qveynis samxedro mowyobaSi agreTve Sedis sawarmoo da samecniero

kompleqsebis nawili, romlebic samxedro usafrToebis

uzrunvelyofazea fokusirebuli. centralizebuli xelmZRvanelobis


в Современной России; Санкт-Петербург, 2003. ст. 24242 КОНЦЕПЦИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ - Утверждена

Указом Президента Российской Федерации № 24 от 10.01. 2000 г.



mizniT xdeba ruseTis federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis da sxva

SenaerTebis erTiani strategiuli da operatiuli dagegmva

TavdacvisaTvis, samxedro mSeneblobebis programul-gamiznuli dagegmva,

romelic iTvaliswinebs grZelvadiani (10-15 weli), saSualovadiani (4-5

weli) da moklevadiani (1-2 weli) dokumentebis Sedgenas43.

3.4 samxedro doqtrina post sabWoTa periodSi

samxedro doqtrinaSi aRniSnulia is safrTxeebi, romlebmac

SesaZlebelia safrTxe Seuqmnas qveynis erovnul usafrTxoebas. masSi

aseve gansazRvrulia is pirobebi, romlis safuZvelzec unda moxdes

armiis reorganizacia, raTa maT SeZlon qveynis usafrTxoebis

uzrunvelyofa. samxedro doqtrinaSi ganxilulia, agreTve, samxedro-

strategiuli da samxedro-ekonomikuri safuZvlebi, romlebic

gansazRvraven omis an SiaraRebuli konfliqtis xasiaTs, ruseTis

federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebisa da sxva SenaerTebis gamoyenebis

safuZvlebs, samxedro usafrTxoebis samxedro-ekonomikur

uzrunvelyofas, saerTaSoriso samxedro da samxedro-teqnikur

TanamSromlobas.44 ZiriTadi samxedro terminebis sabWoTa leqsikoni

gansazRvravda samxedro doqtrinas Semdegnairad: `saxelmwifos mier

oficialurad miRebuli sistema, romelic eyrdnoba Tanamedrove

omebTan da SeiaraRebuli Zalebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebul

samecniero mosazrebebs... samxedro doqtrinas aqvs ori aspeqti:

socialur-politikuri da samxedro-teqnikuri~. socialur-politikuri

mxare aerTianebs omis meTodologiasTan, ekonomikasTan, socialur

safuZvlebTan da politikur miznebTan dakavSirebul kiTxvebs. es aris

ganmsazRvreli da ufro stabiluri mxare. meore, samxedro-teqnikuri

mxare, unda iyos politikur miznebTan SeTanxmebuli. igi moicavs

samxedro struqturis Seqmnas, SeiaraRebuli Zalebis teqnikur aRWurvas,

maT gawvrTnas, Catarebuli operaciebisa da saerTod - omis formebisa

da mniSvnelobebis gansazRvra. doqtrina ar aris strategia. stategiis

nato-seuli ganmarteba mdgomareobs SemdegSi: strategia aris imis

warmoCineba, Tu rogor unda ganviTardes da gamoyenebul iqnes samxedro


в Современной России; Санкт-Петербург, 2003. ст. 26544 ibid - ст. 268



Zala, raTa miRweul iqnas saxelmwifos, an saxelmwifoTa jgufis

miznebi. aSS-is Tavdacvis saministros strategiis oficialuri

ganmarteba _ strategia aris keTilgonivruli idea, an ideebi, Tu

rogor gamoiyeno saxelmwifo Zalis instrumentebi sinqronizirebulad,

raTa miaRwio erovnul da multierovnul miznebs. sabWoTa xedva

samxedro doqtrinasTan dakavSirebiT sruliad gansxvavebulia aSS-is

xedvisagan. sabWoTa kavSiris Tavdacvis ministri greCko 1975 wels

doqtrinas gansazRvravda, rogorc mosazrebaTa sistemas omis bunebis

da misi warmoebis meTodebis Sesaxeb da rogorc qveynisa da jaris

momzadebas omisaTvis. es mosazreba oficialurad iyo damtkicebuli

sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZRvanelobis mier.

3.4.1 elcinis era

riseTis suverenul saxelmwifod Camoyalibebisa da sakuTari

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Seqmnis Semdeg, qveynis prezidentma boris

elcinma 1993 wels miiRo dokumenti ,,ruseTis federaciis samxedro

doqtrinis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb”, rac warmoadgenda momavali ruseTis

federaciis saxelmwifos usafrTxoebis koncefciis erT-erT ZidiTad

nawils. doqtrina mowonebul da damtkicebul iqna qveynis uSiSroebis

sabWosa da prezident elcinis mier. unda aRiniSnos rom, doqtrina

atarebda TavdacviT xasiaTs da masSi asaxuli iyo rusuli samxedro

politikis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi da gadmocemuli iyo ruseTis

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis reformebis axali mimarTulebebi. miRebuli

doqtrina Sedgeboda sami nawilisgan: politikuri, samxedro da

samxedro-teqnikuri, romelic ZiriTadad moicavda or periods. pirveli

iyo winasareformo-mosamzadebeli 1996 wlamde, romlis mTavari mizani

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis restruqturizacia da aseve raodenobis

Semcireba iyo, anu armiis Semadgenloba unda gansazRvruliyo mTliani

mosaxleobis 1%-iT (ixileT danarTi #2), es ki unda yofiliyo

daaxloebiT 1,3 milioni samxedro mosamsaxure, da aseve, im samxedro

danayofebis ukan gamowveva, romlebic imyofebodnen sxva qveynis

teritoriaze, garda im qveynebisa, sadac specialuri xelSekrulebis

safuZvelze dadgindeboda am qveyanaSi dislocirebuli jarebis

statusi. xolo meore periods warmoadgenda 1996-2000 ww. - am periodSi

unda momxdariyo rusuli jaris gadayvana Sereuli kompleqtaciis



sistemaze, unda danergiliyo jarSi sakontraqto samsaxuri Dda aseve,

unda Seqmniliyo axali, Tanamedrove samxedro infrastruqtura.

aRniSnul doqtrinaSi gansazRvruli iyo, Tu unda aRiqvas ruseTis

federaciam, mis teritoriaze warmoqmnili SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi,

romlebic Tavs iCens nacionalizmisa da religiuri umciresobebis

agresiuli qmedebebis safuZvelze; arsebuli da potenciuri omebi da

SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi, gansakuTrebiT mis mezobel qveynebSi

arsebuli dapirispirebebi; ucxo qveynis jarebis Seyvana ruseTis

mezobel da mokavSire qveynebis teritoriaze gaeros dadgenilebis

darRveviT; mcdeloba ruseTis Sida saqmeebSi Carevisa da

destabilizaciis gamowveva; mcdeloba moiSalos arsebuli

konstituciuri sistema Zalis gamoyenebiT; aralegaluri SeiaraRebuli

Zalebis formireba; organizebuli kriminalisa da kontrabandistuli

qmedebebis zrda, romelic safrTxes Seuqmnis sazogadoebas; SeiaraRebis

aralegaluri distribucia ruseTis teritoriaze sabotaJis an

teroristuli aqtis mowyobis mizniT; sxva saxelmwifoSi ruseTis

moqalaqeebis uflebebis, Tavisuflebisa da legitimuri interesebis

xelyofa da saerTaSoriso terorizmi45. ori mniSvnelovani garemoeba,

romelic aRiniSneboda ruseTis federaciis doqtrinaSi, aris is, rom

masSi gansazRvruli iyo ruseTis aqtiuri monawileoba agresiisa da

SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, maTi Tavidan

acilebis mizniT da aseve, ruseTis mzadyofna gaeros egidiT

samSvidobo operaciebis Casatareblad msoflios nebismier mxares da

gansakuTrebiT `demokratiul saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis~ (СНГ)

masStabiT; Dda meore mniSvnelovani punqti - ruseTis federaciis

doqtriniT atomuri iaraRi ganisazRvreboda ara rogorc samxedro

moqmedebis iaraRi, aramed rogorc SesaZlo agresiis Semakavebeli

politikuri atributi. dokumentis mixedviTYruseTi kisrulobda

valdebulebas daecva 1968 wlis ivlisis xelSekruleba atomuri

iaraRis mflobeli qveynebis mier misi argamoyenebisa da strategiuli

iaraRis Semcirebis Sesaxeb. Tumca ukve 2000 wlis doqtrinaSi,M ruseTis

federacia itovebs uflebas gamoiyenos atomuri iaraRi mis wiinaaRmdeg

atomuri an sxva masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi

45 ВОЕННАЯ ДОКТРИНА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ - Утверждена Указом Президента

Российской Федерации от 2 ноября 1993 г.



da aseve gamoiyenos atomuri iaraRi farTomasStabiani agresiis

winaaRmdeg Cveulebrivi SeiaraRebis dros, kritikul momentSi erovnuli

usafrTxoebisaTvis. ruseTis federacia ar gamoiyenebs atomur iaraRs im

qveynebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic arian atomuri iaraRis gauvrcevlebobis

Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiis monawileebi, da arc im qveynebis winaaRmdeg,

romlebic ar floben atomur iaraRs, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ar

moxdeba Tavdasxma ruseTis federaciaze da safrTxis winaSe ar dadgeba

ruseTis erovnuli usafrTxoeba. erT-erTi mTavari momentia is, rom

ruseTs ar hyavda gare mtrebi an mowinaaRmdegeebi. nuTu dResac ki,

ruseTis samxedro manqana ar emzadeba SeiaraRebuli

dapirispirebisaTvis? realoba ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom ukve didi

xania, rac moskovis samxedro olqi aRar aris ruseTis Tavdacvis wina

xazi, romlis gamoc ruseTis administraciuli da industriuli

Suaguli mudam imyofeboda yvelaze mcire taqtikuri safreni aparatebis

sabrZolo radiusSi46.

3.4.2 putinis era

elcinis momdevno prezidentis vlademer putinis saTaveSi mosvlis

Semdeg ruseTis federaciaSi uSiSroebis sabWos mier 2000 wlis 11

agvistos miRebul iqna rigiT meore samxedro doqtrina. es doqtrina

moicavda gegmas, romelic unda miRweuliyo 2010 wlamde da romelic

iTvaliswinebda ruseTis federaciis samxedro struqturis

gaumjobesebas. igi agerTve aseve moicavda ruseTis SeiaraRebuli

Zalebis gaZlierebasa da ganviTarebas 2001-2005 wlebis periodSi47. 2003

wels aRniSnul doqtrinaSi iqna miRebuli danamati, radgan msoflio

politikaSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis gamo, ruseTis federaciis

winaSe dadga axali amocanebi. 2003 wels ruseTis federaciis

imdroindelma Tavdacvis ministrma - sergei ivanovma warmoadgina

dokumenti, romelic iyo ruseTis samxedro doqtrinis danamati. masSi

gansazRvruli iyo moulodneli safrTxeebi ruseTis federaciis

46 Sergunin, Alexander – In Search of a New Paradigm: the Russian Nationl Security

Concept of 1997 in Peace and Security, GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences;

Mannheim, 2000. pg 2447 ВОЕННАЯ ДОКТРИНА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ - Утверждена Указом Президента

Российской Федерации от 21 апреля 2000 г.



usafrTxoebisa da interesebisaTvis. ra unda moimoqmedos ruseTis

federaciam moulodneli safrTxeebis Tavidan asacileblad?

strategiuli atomuri SeiaraRebis mzadyofna mtris dasasuteblad

nebismier dros, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi; SeiaraRebuli Zalebis wvrTna,

iaraRiT aRWurva da mzadyofna, raTa mtris Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi

SeZlos mobilizacia; lokaluri Tavdacvis saTanado doneze

organizebuloba; aqtiuri saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis damyareba

mosalodneli safrTxis Tavidan acilebis mizniT. ekonomikuri da

politikuri kuTxiT ruseTis moqalaqeebis dacva, romlebic cxovroben,

an stumroben konfliqtur zonebs; biznes organizaciebis usafrTxoebis

uzrunvelyofa ruseTis federaciis kanonis farglebSi; saxelmwifos

erovnuli interesebis dacva Sida wylebSi, kontinetur Selfze, savaWro

ekonomikur zonebSi da msoflio okeaneebSi. mokavSire saxelmwifoebTan

erTad erToblivi sawrTvneli operaciebis Catareba; teroristebis,

politikuri eqstremistebisa da separatistebis winaaRmdeg brZola;

samSvidobo operaciebSi monawileoba gaerosa da dsT-s egidiT;

bunebrivi katastrofebis Tavidan acileba; SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

gamoyeneba ruseTis usafrTxoebis dasacavad. maT unda daicvan ruseTis

federacia mtris mier SeiaraRebuli konfrontaciis SemTxvevaSi,

romelic iyofa oTx kategoriad: SeiaraRebuli konfliqti, lokaluri

omi, regionuli omi da farTomasStabiani omi. aqve gansazRvruli iyo

isic, rom ruseTis federaciis armias unda SeZleboda saWiroebis

SemTxvevaSi erTdroulad or frontze brZola. unda aRiniSnos isic,

rom 2000 wlis doqtrinaSi aSS, nato da evropa ukve aRar ganixileboda

ruseTisTvis, rogorc bunebrivi mokavSire. aSS da gansakuTrebiT nato

(da ra Tqma unda misi gafarToeba) ganixileboda rogorc safrTxe

ruseTis erovnuli usafrTxoebisaTvis.

3.4.3 medvedevis era

2008 wlis agvistos TveSi ruseTis mier saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg

ganxorcielebulma qmedebebma cxadyo, rom ruseTis armia garkveul

modernizebas saWiroebs48. swored am omis Semdeg, ruseTis federaciis

prezidentma dimitri medvedevma ganaxorciela reformebi ruseTis

48 The Military Balance 2009-10 - International Institute for Strategic Studies, London:

Oxford University Press, 2010. pg 212



samxedro sferoSi, romlebic moicavda Semdegs: yvela qvedanayofi

gadavida mudmiv sabrZolo mzadyofnis mdgomareobaSi da nebismier

dros unda iyos mzad sabrZolo operaciebSi Casabmelad umaRlesi

mTavarsardlis - anu ruseTis federaciis prezidentis brZanebis

safuZvelze; SeiaraRebuli Zalebis marTvisa da kontrolis

efeqturobis gazrda; samxedro swavlebis gaumjobeseba; SeiaraRebuli

Zalebis xelaxali SeiaraReba Tanamedrove da maRalteqnologiuri

sabrZolo iaraRiT; socialuri sargeblis gazrda samxedro da

samoqalaqo pirebisaTvis, ris safuZvelzec moxdeba sabrZolo

motivaciis zrda.



4 analizi - realoba

eri, romelic ver Seinaxavs Tavis jars – Seinaxavs sxvisas

napoleoni

4.1 ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi dRes

ruseTis samxedro Zala Zalauneburad iwyeba sabWoTa kavSirisgan

memkvidreobiT miRebuli organizaciebiT, koncefciebiT, samxedro

SenaerTebiTa da aRWurvilobiT. es memkvidreoba ki dakavSirebulia im

drosTan, rodesac moskovis samxedro Zala iseTive Zlieri iyo, rogorc

danarCeni msofliosi. dRes ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi - odesRac

Semzaravi wiTeli armiis gadmonaSTi – krizisSi imyofeba. sabWoTa armia

iyo didi da efeqturi Zala, sul mcire - didi intensivobis

konfliqtisTvis Seqmnili. mas gaaCnda valdebulebis grZnoba,

urTierTSeTanxmebis maRali xarisxi da hqonda Warbi raodenobiT

aRWurviloba. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam es yvelaferi gaanadgura49.

dResdReisobiT ruseTis generaliteti doqtrinis problemebis,

cocxali Zalis Sevsebis da ucxoeTis samxedro samsaxurebis

mxardaWeris Sesustebis winaSe dgas. ruseTis ekonomikis

warumateblobis da misi politikuri liderebis meryevi mxardaWeris

fonze am problemebis gadawyvetis gzebi saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi saeWvoa.

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis reabilitaciis mTavari programis gareSe,

romelic unda daiwyos maTi mniSvnelobis naTeli warmosaxviT da

gagrZeldes operatiuli cvlilebebisTvis da misi mosamsaxureebisTvis

sabazo sasisocxlo pirobebisTvis aucilebeli finansuri mxardaWeriT,

es krizisi gaxdeba ufro mkacri da ruseTis sazogadoebis

stabilurobaSi warmoqmnis mniSvnelovan safrTxeebs50.

civi omis dasasrulis Semdeg, ruseTis samxedro manqana ibrZoda

sakuTari TavisTvis axali rolis gansasazRvrelad da ganicdida

naklebobas rogorc resursebSi, aseve ucxo mtris siaSkaraveSi.

odesRac erisgan sayvareli, amJamad ganicdis identurobis dakargvas da

aris yvelasgan saZageli da kuTxeSi momwyvdeuli. oficerTa korpusis

49 Dick, Charles J. – A Bear without Claws: The Russian Army in the Nineties, Research

Paper C89, CSRC (RMA Sandhurst); June 1996. pg 150 Duggleby, Robert W. - The Disintegration of the Russian Armed Forces, The Journal of

Slavic Military Studies; June 1998. pg 15



motivaciisa da moralis daqveiTebis ramodenime mizezi arsebobs da am

mizezebs Soris gansakuTrebulad ikveTeba da mravali socialuri

problemis safuZvelia prestiJis dakargva, romelic Tan daerTo

oficerTa statuss. ruseTis samxedro prestiJis daknineba daiwyo

avRaneTis omis periodSi pirveli warumateblobebis etapebze da

dRemdec ki ar kargavs Tavis aqtualurobas qaotur ekonomikur da

politikur klimats Soris, romelic nebismieri pozitiuri cvlilebis

pirveli mteria. ruseTis federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis piradi

Semadgenloba mimdinare periodSi, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, yvelaze saSinel

jurRmulebSi an satanko fardulebSi cxovrobs, maTi ar arsebobis

SemTxvevaSi karvebSic ki uwevT cxovreba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi iqac ki,

sadac dabinaveba ar aris problema, iseTi sabazo komponentebi,

rogoricaa wyali an eleqtrodeni, ar aris xelmisawvdomi.

sacxovrebeli pirobebis umetesoba ar moicavs iseT sabazo saWiroebebs,

rogoricaa bavSvebze zrunva, skolebi, hospitlebi da maRaziebi. xSir

SemTxvevaSi sayofacxovrebo problemebs gadawonis xolme sakvebis

ukmarisobis problemebi51. rusuli armia ara marto ganicdis sakmarisi

piradi Semadgenlobis naklebobas, aramed yvelaferTan erTad kargavs im

mcireoden kompenteturobas, romelic mas gaaCnda. Tavdacvis

saministros samxedro-sawvrTneli institutebi ver uzrunvelyofen

rusuli armiisTvis sakmarisi oficrebis raodenobas. savele

aRWurvilobis SekeTeba da remonti SeuZlebelia, radgan SesakeTebeli

da saremonto dawesebulebebi, saTadarigo nawilebi da saremonto

teqnikosebis didi deficitia. zemoTqmuli exeba rogorc sahaero

Zalebsa da armias, aseve sazRvao flotsac. ruseTis SeiaraRebuli

Zalebi, agreTve, ganicdian sabrZolo sawvrTneli sistemebis,

Tanamedrove simulatorebis da kompiuteruli teqnikis simcires.52 bolo

8 weliwadis ganmavlobaSi SeiaraRebis sistemebis damzadebis da SeZenis

dafinansebam seriozuli dacema ganicada. sahaero da sazRvao

xomaldebisTvis, saxmeleTo aRWurvilobisa da komunikaciebisTvis

damzadebis grZelvadiani programebis mxolod erTeulebi arsebobs,

romlebmac ukve miaRwies wina-dasamzadebel statuss, magram ar

51 Isby, David C. - The Hungry Army”, Jane’s Intelligence Review; February 1993. pg 5152 Marshall-Hasdell, Dennis J. - The Russian Air Force – Prospects for the Future”, Jane’s

Intelligence Review; December 1993, pg 532



SeuZliaT winsvla manam, vidre ar ganxorcieldeba maTi normaluri

dafinanseba. dResdReisobiT ruseTis mTavroba ar akmayofilebs yvelaze

aucilebel saWiroebebs: xelfasebs, kvebas, sacxovrebel adgilebs da

adekvatur samedicino momsaxurebas, romelic esaWiroeba ruseTis

samxedro mosamsaxureebs. Sedegad isini ewirebian moralur

degradacias, dezertirobas, samxedro samsaxurisgan Tavis daRwevas da

rac yvelaze SemaSfoTebelia, dabal sabrZolo mzadyofnas53.

SeiaraRebuli Zalebis reabilitaciis mTavari programis gareSe,

romelic unda daiwyos maTi mniSvnelobis naTeli warmosaxviT da

gagrZeldes operatiuli cvlilebebisTvis da misi mosamsaxureebisTvis

sabazo sasisocxlo pirobebisTvis aucilebeli finansuri mxardaWeriT,

es krizisi gaxdeba ufro mkacri da ruseTis sazogadoebis

stabilurobaSi warmoqmnis mniSvnelovan safrTxeebs. ruseTis

SeiaraRebuli Zalebi dRes dReisobiT ver uzrunvelyofen warmatebul

brZolas, gansakuTrebiT Tanamedrove aRWurvilobis da ukanaskneli

teqnologiuri miRwevis mqone mowinaaRmdegesTan, magaliTad iseTTan,

rogoricaa nato an SeerTebuli Statebi. ruseTis armia faqtiurad

kolapsis piras dgas da misi nebismieri mcdeloba mimarTulia ruseTis

aucilebeli usafrTxoebis zomebis gadarCenisa da dacvisaken.

adekvaturi, gawvrTnili, xarisxiani cocxali Zala udavod nebismier

sabrZolo davalebaSi misaRwevi warmatebis safuZvelia. ruseTis mier

gamoqveynebuli samxedro Zalis moTxovnebze dayrdnobiT igi cocxali

Zalis danakliss ganicdis da misi samxedro mosamsaxureebis xarisxi

bevr SekiTxvas badebs sxvadasxva instanciaze. ruseTis samxedro

SenaerTebis umravlesoba Sefasebulia rogorc araefeqturi da

ganuviTarebeli; amasTan resursebi, romlebsac isini moixmaren SeiZleba

sxva ufro mniSvnelovan sferoSi daixarjos. ufro metic, saxalxo

mobilizacia, romelic mimdinare gawvevasTan aris dakavSirebuli,

pirdapir kavSirSia evropaSi sabWoTa kavSiris nato-sTan

dapirispirebasTan. ruseTma aseve memkvidreobiT miiRo profesional

oficerTa uzarmazari korpusebi, romlebic SeCveulni iyvnen

privilegirebul statuss, dasaqmebas cxovrebis bolomde, sakmaod

mdidar resursebs da usityvo morCilebas mis qvemoT mdgomTagan.

53 Duggleby, Robert W. - The Disintegration of the Russian Armed Forces, The Journal of

Slavic Military Studies; June 1998. pg 2



moskovs arc sWirdeboda da arc SeeZlo Seenaxa oficerTa es

raodenoba, magram armiidan daTxovnis procesis dawyebam warmoSva

pensiebis, gansaxlebisa da xelaxla dasaqmebis problemebi. im

oficrebisaTvis ki, romlebic SemorCnen ruseTis armias Sokis

momgvreli aRmoCnda cvlilebebi samxedro sferoSi, sadac statusi aRar

iyo sakmarisi; ar arisebobda araviTari resursebi; SenaerTebi

savalalo mdgomareobaSi iyo, xolo kariera praqtikulad ararealuri

gaxda.

4.2 ruseTis sazRvrebi

ruseTis mimdinare sazRvrebi sakmaod aramdgradia da ruseTis

mosaxleoba ergeba da eZebs sakuTar Tavs sruliad axal saerTaSoriso

garemoSi. ruseTis dasavleTiT da samxreTiT dominireben yofili

sabWoTa respublikebi, romlebic maRali xarisxis politikur-

ekonomikuri da socialuri arastabilurobiT gamoirCevian da am

arastabilurbis wyalobiT sakmaod ioli samizneebi xdebian iseTi

gavlenis sferoebisTvis, rogoricaa magaliTad radikaluri islamuri

fundametalizmi. zogierTs ki sruliad safuZvliani dava aqvs

erTmaneTsa da ruseTis federacias Soris. moskovis sabWoTa stilis

armia SeuTavsebeli aRmoCnda ruseTis demokratiul transformaciasTan.

politikur reformas rogorc wesi mosdevs samxedro reforma, magram

ruseTis demokratizacia iyo Seferxebuli, aradamajerebeli da

dausrulebeli54. ruseTis politikuri sistema ar aris arc

srulfasovani diqtatura da arc Camoyalibebuli demokratia, aramed

warmoadgens raRac Sualedurs am ors Soris. igi moZraobs

avtokratiulobisaken. ruseTma aseve memkvidreobiT miiRo

Camoyalibebuli Tavdacvis saministro da mTavarsardloba, romelic

SeCveuli iyo samoqalaqoebsa da samxedroebs Soris urTierTobis

totalitarul sistemas, daubrkolebel saSvs saxelmwifo resursebze,

politikur gavlenas da socialur sxvaobebs. am samxedro wyobam erT

dRes Tavisi Tavi demokratiis Senebis procesis centrSi aRmoaCina. misi

avtoriteti kiTxvis niSnis qveS dadga; resursebze xeli ar miuwvdebaT,

socialuri statusi daeca da aRmoCnda, rom isini pasuxs ageben

54 Miller, Steven E. - Moscow’s Military Power: Russia’s Search for Security in an Age of

Transition in Anne Read ed., The Russian Military; Boston, 2004. pg 103



samoqalaqo maRalCinosnebis winaSe, Tavdacvis saministros samoqalaqo

maRalCinosnebis CaTvliT.

4.3 birTvuli safrTxe

dasavleTis SeSfoTebisa da yuradRebis koncentraciis erT-erTi

ZiriTadi mizezi sabWoTa kavSirSi arsebuli atomuri iaraRisgan

gamowveuli safrTxe iyo. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg aRmoCnda,

rom msoflios udidesi atomuri iaraRis rezervebi ruseTis xelSi

gadavida. es warmoaCens moskovis ambicias iyos zesaxelmwifo. ufro

metic, ruseTis tradiciuli SesaZleblobebis Semcirebam, romelic

ekonomikuri situaciiT iyo gamowveuli, TvalSisacemi gaxada qveynis

atomuri arsenali, romelsac ruseTSi sakuTari usafrTxoebis

uzrunvelyofisaTvis idealur saSualebad miiCneven. yvelafris

miuxedavad, CineTis strategiuli birTvuli potenciali 2010-2015 ww-Si

SeiZleba gaizardos misi amJamindeli 300 erTeulidan 600-900 erTeul

birTvul qobinamde. es sagonebelSi Caagdebs ruseTis birTvul

SesaZleblobebs. dRevandeli ruseTisTvis, Tavisi amJamindeli

taqtikuri birTvuli arsenalis gamoyeneba CineTTan samxedro

dapirispirebaSi kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas, radgan ruseTis yvela

ZiriTadi qalaqi da samxedro Stabi uSualo siaxloveSi imyofeba

CineTis sazRvarTan. arastrategiuli birTvuli SeiaraRebis gamoyeneba

SesaZlebeli gaxdeba mxolod maSin, Tu oficialuri moskovi

gadawyvets Sori manZilis taqtikuri birTvuli SeiaraRebis gamoyenebas

da daemuqreba CineTis siRrmiseul teritorias da ZiriTad qalaqebs,

romlebic ruseT-CineTis saerTo sazRvars miRma imyofebian. potenciuri

aRmosavluri frontidan Tavdacvis am dilemebis amocnobiT ruseTma

unda ganaviTaros axali Taobis taqtikur birTvuli SeiaraReba da

dabali dazianebis mqone sabrZolo maragebi, romlebic mizans miaRweven

orive – taqtikuri da strategiuli - miznis miRwevis sistemebiT;

magaliTad iseTiT, rogoric aris axali iskander 400 km mokle manZilis

raketa55.

55 Arbatov, Alexei G. – The transformation of Russian Military Doctrine: Lessons Learned

from Kosovo and Chechnya in The Marshall Center Papers No.2, The George C. Marshall

European Center for Security Studies, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 2000. pp 16-23



ruseTi ar iyenebs e.w. iaraRs masiuri TavdacvisTvis, romelic

warmoadgens eleqtromagnitur, kinetikur da ara-sasikvdilo qimiur

elementebs, aRniSnuli iaraRi aris ufro humanuri vidre sxva

saSualebebi. mas iyeneben diplomatiis mxardasaWerad, rom ar gamoiyenon

agresiuli qmedebebi da ar gaurTuldes saxelmwifos iaraRis

gamoyenebis gamarTlebis mcdelobisaTvis rTuli da xangrZlivi

argumentacia. aseve, misi mizania msxverplis minimumamde dayvana rogorc

samxedro da samoqalaqo mosamsaxureebis, aseve garemosi56.

manam, sanam agresiuli, pozitiuri zomebi ar iqneba miRebuli sabazo

sakiTxebis gamosasworeblad, romlebic Tavisi mdgomareobiT Wirs

aCenen ruseTis samxedro birTvze, SorsmWvreteli reformebi ver

daeuflebian situacias da ruseTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis

SesaZlebloba - efeqturad CaerTos sabrZolo moqmedebebSi - eWvqveS

iqneba.

56 Morris, Chris, Morris, Janet & Baines, Thomas - Weapons of Mass Protection:

Nonlethality, Information Warfare and Airpower in the Age of Chaos, Airpower Journal, vol.

9, #1 Spring; 1995. p. 5



5 daskva

istoriis bu Ramis frinvelia. warsuli mTlianobaSi Seucnobelia da

mxolod dRis bolos Tu gamoavlens is Tavis mkrTal konturebs.

momavals verasdros gansazRvrav da mxolod warsuli Tu gvikarnaxebs,

rom cvlileba xSirad radikaluri da gauTvaliswinebeli ufroa, vidre

mzardi da gansazRvruli. Tumca, amdeni gaurkvevlobis miuxedavad,

istoriuli gamocdileba rCeba erTaderT xelmisawvdom megzurad

orivegan, awymosa da alternativebis rigTan, romelsac Tan axlavs

momavali.57

kargi strategia ar cnobs permamentuli gamarjvebis cnebas. aseTi

gamarjvebebi ubralod ar arsebobs, arsebobs mxolod fazis garkveuli

monakveTebi permamentul brZolaSi, raTa xeli SevuwyoT da davicvaT

Cveni erovnuli interesebi. yoveli fazis monakveTze safrTxeebi unda

damarcxdnen an maT ukan daixion. saerTaSoriso sistema icvleba imis

mixedviT, Tu rogor eSveba Zveli Zalebi da Cndebian axlebi; da saxlSi

resursebi gadanawildeba axali prioritetebis mxardasaWerad.

dokumentebis umetesobas, romelsac iReben ruseTSi, maleve iviwyeben da

aranair gavlenas ar axdenen politikaze. Zalian cotas Tu axsovs ra

ewera Zvel koncefciaSi, an saerTod arsebobda Tu ara igi. ar aris

gamoricxuli, rom aseve umniSvnelo iqneba bolo dokumentic.

ruseTisa da nato-s urTierTobebze saubrisas sifrTxilis gamoCena

gvmarTebs. am urTierTobebis status-qvo mudmivad icvleba da amitom

maTi grZelvadiani prognozireba moklebulia saR azrs. Tumca es

urTierTobebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben ruseTis samxedro

reformisTvis: Tu aSS (an nato) ar aris oponenti, maSin ruseTs

dasWirdeba armiis aRmSenebloba iq, sadac strategiuli seqtori

Semcirebuli iqneba mis minimumamde, xolo ZiriTadi yuradReba daeTmoba

profesionaluri, kompaqturi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis ganviTarebas,

romelTac ar gauWirdebaT efeqturi sabrZolo moqmedebebis warmoeba

ruseTis federaciis farglebSi da mis gareT. Tu ruseTi gaxdeba

57 Knox, MacGregor – What History Can Tell Us About “New Strategic Environment” in

Williamson Murray ed., Brassey’s Mersbon American Defense Annual, 1995-1996;

Washington DC, 1996. pp 1-25



dasavleTis grZelvadiani partniori, ar iarsebebs axali masiuri

xomaldmSeneblobis programis saWiroeba58.

mxolod erovnuli interesebi rCeba SedarebiT mudmiv cnebad da axali

pirobebsa da garemoSi, axali gamowvevebis winaSe strategebisa da

kompetenturi pirebisagan xelSewyobasa da dacvas moiTxovs.

ruseTis samxedro Zala ukve aRar warmoadgens saSiSroebas

saerTaSoriso sazogadoebisaTvis da msoflioc aRar aris mxolod

moskovis mokavSire da mowinaaRmdege banakebad gayofili. ruseTi

ZiriTadi samxedro Zalaa evraziaSi, Tumca mis mniSvnelobas

mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs atomuri iaraRis qona.

ruseTi ar aris mxolod axali saxelmwifo; igi imyofeba fondamenturi

politikisa da socialuri transformaciis centrSi, romlis mizania

demokratizacia, Ria da gamWvirvale sazogadoeba da sabazro ekonomika.

ruseTs dasWirdeba Seqmnas axali samxedro aparati, romelic upasuxebs

mis axal adgilobriv politikur realobas. sabWoTa kavSirisgan

memkvidreobiT miRebuli samxedro organizacia da Tavdacvis

biurokratia erTmniSvnelovnad aRar gamodgeba demokratiis gzaze

mdgomi ruseTisaTvis. es mZime administracia aris im totalitaruli

warsulis gamoZaxili, romlis daviwyebas cdilobs rusebis

umravlesoba. sabWoTa kavSiris Tavdacvis saministros hqonda farTo

avtonomiuri struqtura, romlis moTxovnebsa da saWiroebebsac

emsaxureboda qveyana da sazogadoeba. misi moqmedebebi ar

kontrolirdeboda arc sazogadoebis arc politikis mier. es sqema aRar

aris misaRebi demokratiuli ruseTisaTvis.

ruseTma ver Seqmna memkvidreobiTi samTavrobo struqtura, raTa

gaetarebinaT efeqturi, an racionaluri Tavdacvis politika. man ver

ganaxorciela efeqturi, samoqalaqo, demokratiuli kontroli samxedro

SenaerTebze, paramilitarul da personalurad kontrolirebad

samxedro Zalebze. man ver Seqmna da verc ganaviTara ruseTis erovnuli

58 Lt. Col. Skelton, Jill S. - National Defense Fellow, Institute for the Study of Conflict,

Ideology and Policy, Boston University; 2000. pg 34



interesebis koncefcia, an strategia maTi dacvisaTvis ruseTis realuri

potencialisa da Zalebis gaTvaliswinebiT; ar Seuqmnia arc ruseTis

erovnuli interesebis safrTxeebis sapirwone Zala, arc ganusazRvria

erovnuli interesebi an safrTxeebi. arc qveynis SigniT politikuri

transformacia, arc saerTaSoriso cvlilebebi, arc biujetis

katastrofuli kleba, arc omSi marcxi ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi ruseTSi

Zirfesviani samxedro reformis dasawyebad. Sesabamisad, ramdenadac

Zlierad ar unda Candes ruseTSi reformebis survili, faqtiurad

SeuZlebelia mis win arsebuli winaaRmdegobebis daZleva.

ruseTis samxedro SesaZleblobebis gansazRvraze muSaoba Cemi

molodinebisgan gacilebiT gansxvavebuli aRmoCnda ori ZiriTadi

mizezis gamo: upirveles yovlisa, am konkretul sakiTxze informaciis

raodenoba imdenad didia, rom nebismieri daikargeboda am did

informaciul morevSi, xolo meores - mxriv aRniSnul sakiTxze sruli

analitikuri namuSevris mopoveba, romelSic ganxilulia ruseTis

samxedro manqanis aqtualuri problemebi, praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.

unda aRiniSnos, rom ruseTis SeiaraRebul Zalebs SesaZleblobebi jer

kidev did gza aqvs gasavleli im armiidan, romelic man memkvidreobiT

miiRo, im armiamde, romelic upasuxebs ruseTis saSiano da sagareo

mdgomareobas.



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http://www.mod.gov.ge/?page=-10&Id=9&lang=0;

Field Manual No. 1 – Headquarters, United States Department of the Army;

Washington DC, 2005. pp 20-21

ВОЕННАЯ ДОКТРИНА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ - Утверждена Указом Президента

Российской Федерации от 2 ноября 1993 г.

ВОЕННАЯ ДОКТРИНА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ - Утверждена Указом Президента

Российской Федерации от 21 апреля 2000 г.;

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ -

Утверждена Указом Президента Российской Федерации № 24 от 10.01. 2000 г.

publikaciebi:

The Military Balance 2009-10. 2010 - International Institute for Strategic Studies,

Oxford University Press; London.

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa instituti i

danarTi # 1

suraTi # 1: msoflioSi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis raodenoba saxelmwifos mixedviT 2008 wlis monacemebiT

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa instituti ii

danarTi # 2

2,629.6

4,823.2

7,305.6 8,943.2

10,830.5

13,283.2

17,048.1

21,624.6

25,882.9

32,998.9

1.4 19.0 171.5 610.7 1,428.5

2,007.8 2,342.5

41,660.0 40,510.0

39,310.0

-

5,000.0

10,000.0

15,000.0

20,000.0

25,000.0

30,000.0

35,000.0

40,000.0

45,000.0

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

diagrama # 1: ruseTis federaciis mTlaini Sida produqti (pSp) rusul rublSi 1991-2010 wlebSi

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa instituti iii

0.960

2,803C C C P

2,376C C C P

1.500 1.450

1.400 1.300

1.200

0.960

1.195

1.195

1.195 1.162

1.162

1.207

1.207

1.027 1.027 1.027

1.027

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

diagrama # 2: ruseTis federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis raodenoba 1991-2010 wlebSi

SeniSvna: 1992 wlis 7 maiss Seiqmna ruseTis federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa instituti iv

5,86%C C C P

4.50%

4.20%

4.67%

3.45%

3.18%

3.47%

2.85%

2.29%1.96%

2.45%

2.43%

2.46%

2.53%

2.45% 2.48%

2.48% 2.41%

3.17%

3.87%

0.00%

1.00%

2.00%

3.00%

4.00%

5.00%

6.00%

7.00%

8.00%

9.00%

10.00%

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

diagrama # 3: ruseTis federaciis Tavdacvis biujetis wili msp-dan procentebSi 1991-2010 wlebSi

SeniSvna: 1992 wlis 7 maiss Seiqmna ruseTis federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa instituti v

0.82 9.01 72.03 406.26

495.69 801.85

814.00

817.65

1,345.67

2,140.54

2,852.88 3,379.12 3,445.23

4,114.72

6,573.88 6,660.26

8,214.80

10,409.00

12,119.00

12,532.00

-

2,000.00

4,000.00

6,000.00

8,000.00

10,000.00

12,000.00

14,000.00

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

diagrama # 4: ruseTis federaciis Tavdacvis biujeti rusul rublSi 1991-2010 wlebSi

SeniSvna: 1992 wlis 7 maiss Seiqmna ruseTis federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zale

IN HOC SIGNO VINCES

zurab Jvanias saxelobis

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa

instituti

www.gipa.ge

Russian Military Power - illusion & reality

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