RHS Qualifications in Practical Horticulture - LEDGE

RHS Qualifications in Practical Horticulture

Plants, Seeds, Pests, Diseases, Disorders and Beneficial Animals, Birds and Insects List

Verification year starting September 2014

THIS DOCUMENT MUST NOT BE USED DURING AN ASSESSMENT

Further Guidance can be obtained from RHS Qualifications Email: [email protected] Phone: 01483 226500 Post: RHS Qualifications, RHS Garden Wisley, Woking, Surrey GU23 6QB

© – The Royal Horticultural Society Q QCF Plants, Seeds, Pests & Diseases 2013-2014 v8 07.08.14 2 RHS Registered Charity No: 222879/SC038262

CONTENTS Page

1.0: Introduction

3

2.0: Deciduous and Evergreen Trees

5

3.0: Conifers

7

4.0: Deciduous, Evergreen and Wall Shrubs

8

5.0: Climbing Plants

14

6.0: Non-woody Herbaceous Plants

15

6.1: Herbaceous Perennials

15

6.2: Grasses, Bamboos and Ferns

19

6.3: Bulbs, Corns and Tubers and Rhizomes

21

6.4: Hardy Annuals and Biennials

23

6.5: Half Hardy and Tender Plants

25

6.6: Ornamental Pot Plants

27

7.0: Alpine and Rock Garden Plants

29

8.0: Aquatic Plants

31

9.0: Weeds

32

10.0: Edible Plants

33

10.1: Vegetables

33

10.2: Top Fruit: Cane/ Soft Fruit

34

10.3: Herbs

34

10.4: Green Manures

34

11.0 : Pests, Diseases, Disorders and Beneficial Animals, Birds and Insects

35

11.1: Pests

35

11.2: Diseases and Disorders

35

11.3: Beneficial Animals, Birds and Insects

36


1.0: INTRODUCTION This document outlines plants, seeds, pests, diseases, disorders and beneficial animals for the following RHS qualifications in practical horticulture:

Level 1 Award in Practical Horticulture (500/9128/1)

Level 2 Certificate in Practical Horticulture (501/0207/2)

Level 3 Certificate in Practical Horticulture (500/9782/9)

The plants named are those which are listed in the RHS Plant Finder 2011 – 2012 (perennial ornamental plants) and/ or the RHS Plant Finder online and are correct at time of print. For the purpose of these qualifications all plants have been grouped under headings which correspond to the assessment criteria within these qualifications. Although plants here have been listed under particular headings for convenience, they may more appropriately be listed under different headings in certain localities or climatic zones. Where common names have been listed these are the preferred common names as found in the RHS Plant Finder online.

Centres will be formally notified if any significant changes are made to plant, seed, diseases, disorders or beneficial animals on this list.

* donotes a new addition to the plant list for this verification year

Where specific cultivars are listed these are of particular merit and widely available, but for many ornamental plants ‘cv.’ is listed; this indicates that candidates should have an awareness that there is more than one widely grown cultivar but that only one cultivar chosen by the centre needs to be assessed. Where the ‘Cultivar’ (cv.) is not specified the candidate MUST record the name of the recognised cultivar chosen by their centre.

Where candidates are required to identify a range of seeds by generic name (level 2) or botanical name (level 3) these specimens can be chosen from any of the plants listed within this document. It is advised that the range of seeds chosen by the centre should not include seeds that they consider could pose a significant health risk to any candidate.

Centres also have some leeway in making teaching relevant to their geographical area, as the full identification list contains many more specimens than the stated number of specimens to be assessed within particular units.

You can search the RHS Plant Finder online at http://apps.rhs.org.uk/rhsplantfinder

Please also refer to the document ‘Assessment Information and Candidate Assessment Pro-formas’ for further details about the assessment of all units for these qualifications.

http://apps.rhs.org.uk/rhsplantfinder


Level 1 Award in Practical Horticulture Unit: Identification of a range of common garden plants, weeds, pests and diseases.

At level 1 learners are expected to be able to outline how the terms genus,

species and cultivar are used in naming plants.

40 live plant specimens to be assessed in the ‘Identification of a range of common garden plants, weeds, pests and diseases’ unit. Learners will be expected to use botanical names (genus, species, cultivar/variety or commercial designates (hybrids) where appropriate). Throughout the course it is anticipated that learners will study a wider range of specimens than those assessed within this particular unit. Please refer to the RHS assessment guidance for details of specimen groupings.

Learners will also be able to identify a range of pests and diseases.

Level 2 Certificate in Practical Horticulture Unit: Identification of a range of common garden plants, weeds, pests and diseases.

At level 2 learners are expected to understand how plants are botanically

named and be able to identify a range of seeds. 110 live plant specimens to be assessed in the ‘Identification of a range of

common garden plants, weeds, pests and diseases’ unit. Learners will be expected to use botanical names (genus, species, cultivar/variety or commercial designates (hybrids) where appropriate. Seeds by generic name). Throughout the course it is anticipated that learners will study a wider range of specimens than those assessed within this particular unit. Please refer to the RHS assessment guidance for details of specimen groupings.

Learners will also be able to identify a range of pests, diseases and disorders

and know a range of beneficial animals, birds and insects.

Level 3 Certificate in Practical Horticulture Unit: Identification of a range of common garden plants, weeds, pests, diseases and disorders. At level 3 learners are expected to identify a range of plants and know their

decorative merits. 115 live plant specimens to be assessed in the ‘Identification of a range of

common garden plants, weeds, pests, diseases and disorders’ unit. Learners will be expected to use botanical names (genus, species, cultivar/variety or commercial designates (hybrids) where appropriate. Seeds by genus only). Learners will also be able to identify certain characteristics of those specimens. Throughout the course it is anticipated that learners will study a wider range of specimens than those assessed within this particular unit. Please refer to the RHS assessment guidance for details of specimen groupings.

Learners will also be able to identify a range of pest and diseases and know

their characteristics and methods of control. Learners will also be able to identify disorders and describe the appropriate treatment.


2.0: DECIDUOUS AND EVERGREEN TREES Genus

Species Family Preferred Common name

Acacia baileyana Mimosaceae Mimosa, silver wattle

Acacia dealbata Mimosaceae Mimosa, silver wattle

Acer davidii Sapindaceae Snake bark maple

Acer griseum Sapindaceae Paper bark maple

Acer platanoides Sapindaceae Norway maple

Acer pseudoplatanus Sapindaceae Sycamore

*Acer rubrum Sapindaceae Red maple

Aesculus x carnea Sapindaceae Red horse chestnut

Aesculus hippocastanum Sapindaceae Horse chestnut

Alnus cordata Betulaceae Italian alder

Alnus glutinosa Betulaceae Common alder

Amelanchier canadensis Rosaceae Snowy mespilus

Amelanchier lamarckii Rosaceae Snowy mespilus

Betula pendula Betulaceae Silver birch

Betula utilis var. jacquemontii Betulaceae Himalayan birch

Carpinus betulus Betulaceae Common hornbeam

Castanea sativa Fagaceae Sweet chestnut

Catalpa bignonioides Bignoniaceae Indian bean tree

Cercidiphyllum japonicum Cercidiphyllaceae Katsura tree

Cercis siliquastrum Caesalpiniaceae Judas tree

Cordyline australis 'Sundance' Asparagaceae Cabbage tree 'Sundance'

Cordyline australis 'Torbay Red' Asparagaceae Cabbage tree 'Torbay Red'

Crataegus laevigata cv. Rosaceae Midland Hawthorn

Crataegus monogyna Rosaceae Common hawthorn

*Crataegus prunifolia Rosaceae Broad-leaved cockspur thorn

Eucalyptus gunnii Myrtaceae Cider gum

Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. niphophila

Myrtaceae Snow gum

Eucryphia × nymansensis 'Nymansay'

Cunoniaceae Nyman's hybrid eucryphia 'Nymansay'

Fagus sylvatica Fagaceae Common beech

Fraxinus excelsior Oleaceae Common ash

Fraxinus ornus Oleaceae Manna ash

Gleditsia triacanthos ‘Sunburst’ Caesalpiniaceae Honey locust

Ilex x altaclerensis cv Aquifoliaceae Highclere holly

Ilex aquifolium Aquifoliaceae Common holly

Juglans regia (F) Juglandaceae Common Walnut

Laburnum x watereri ‘Vossii’ Papilionaceae Voss’s laburnum

Ligustrum lucidum Oleaceae Chinese Lucidum

Liquidambar styraciflua Hamamelidaceae Sweet gum

Liriodendron chinense Magnoliaceae Chinese tulip tree

Liriodendron tulipifera Magnoliaceae Tulip tree

Magnolia x soulangeana Magnoliaceae Saucer magnolia

Malus floribunda Rosaceae Japanese crab

Malus cv. (e.g. ‘Golden Hornet’)

Rosaceae Crab apple

Olea europaea Oleaceae Olive

Platanus x hispanica Platanaceae London plane


Platanus orientalis Platanaceae Oriental plane

Populus nigra ‘Italica’ Salicaceae Black poplar

Prunus avium 'Plena' Rosaceae Gean, wild cherry

Prunus cerasifera 'Pissardii' Rosaceae Purple leafed plum

Prunus serrula Rosaceae Tibetan cherry

Prunus x subhirtella ‘Autumnalis'

Rosaceae Winter-flowering cherry

Pyrus calleryana ‘Chanticleer' Rosaceae Callery pear

Pyrus salicifolia 'Pendula' Rosaceae Pendulous willow-leaved pear

Quercus coccinea Fagaceae Scarlet oak

Quercus coccinea ‘Splendens’ Fagaceae Scarlet oak 'splendens'

Quercus ilex Fagaceae Holm oak

Quercus robur Fagaceae Common oak

Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Frisia’ Papilionace False acacia

Salix alba Salicaceae White willow

Salix x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma

Salicaceae Golden weeping willow

Sorbus aria Rosaceae Common whitebeam

Sorbus aucuparia Rosaceae Rowan

Sorbus cashmiriana Hedl. Rosaceae Kashmir rowan

Stewartia pseudocamellia Theaceae Deciduous camellia

Stewartia sinensis Theaceae Chinese stewartia

Styrax hemsleyanus Styracaceae Hemsley snowball

Tilia x euchlora Malvaceae Caucasian lime, Crimean lime

Tilia x europaea Malvaceae Common lime

Tilia ‘Petiolaris’ Malvaceae Weeping silver lime


3.0: CONIFERS Genus


Abies concolor ‘Compacta’ Pinaceae Compact white fir

Abies koreana Pinaceae Silver fir

Abies nordmanniana Pinaceae Caucasian fir

Abies procera Glauca Group Pinaceae Noble fir

Araucaria araucana Araucariaceae Monkey puzzle

Cedrus atlantica Glauca Group Pinaceae Atlantic cedar

Cedrus deodara Pinaceae Cedar

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Cupressaceae Lawson’s cypress

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ‘Ellwood’s Gold’

Cupressaceae Lawson’s cypress

Chamaecyparis pisifera ‘Boulevard’ Cupressaceae Sawara cypress

Cryptomeria japonica Elegans Group Cupressaceae Japanese cedar

Cupressus arizonica Cupressaceae Arizona cypress

Cupressus cashmeriana Cupressaceae Kashmir cypress

Cupressus macrocarpa ‘Goldcrest’ Cupressaceae Monterey cypress

x Cuprocyparis leylandii Cupressaceae Leyland cypress

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgoaceae Maidenhair tree

Juniperus horizontalis ‘Blue Chip’ Cupressaceae Creeping juniper

Juniperus x pfitzeriana ‘Pfitzeriana Aurea’

Cupressaceae Creeping juniper

Juniperus scopulorum ‘Skyrocket’ Cupressaceae Rocky mountain juniper

Larix decidua Pinaceae European larch

Metasequoia glyptostroboides Cupressaceae Dawn redwood

Picea abies Pinaceae Common spruce, Norway spruce

Picea breweriana Pinaceae Brewer's weeping spruce

Picea pungens 'Koster' Pinaceae Colorado spruce

Pinus nigra Pinaceae Black pine

Pinus radiata Pinaceae Monterey pine

Pinus sylvestris Pinaceae Scots pine

Podocarpus salignus Podocarpaceae Willow-leaf podocarp

Sequoia sempervirens Cupressaceae Coast redwood

Sequoiadendron giganteum Cupressaceae Wellingtonia

Taxodium distichum Cupressaceae Swamp cypress

Taxus baccata Taxaceae Yew

Taxus baccata ‘Fastigiata’ Taxaceae Irish yew

Thuja occidentalis ‘Rheingold’ Cupressaceae American arbour-vitae, eastern white cedar, white cedar

Thuja plicata ‘Atrovirens’ Cupressaceae Western red cedar

Thuja plicata ‘Zebrina’ (v) Cupressaceae Western red cedar 'Zebrina'


4.0: DECIDUOUS, EVERGREEN AND WALL SHRUBS Genus


Abelia x grandiflora Caprifoliaceae

Abelia mosanensis Caprifoliaceae Fragrant Abelia'

Acacia pravissima Mimosaceae Oven's wattle

Acer palmatum Sapindaceae Japanese maple

Aesculus parviflora Sapindaceae Bottlebrush buckeye

Arbutus unedo Ericaceae Strawberry tree

Aucuba japonica ‘Crotonifolia’ Garryaceae Japanese laurel

Aucuba japonica f. longifolia ‘Salicifolia’ (f)

Garryaceae Long leaved spotted laurel

Berberis darwinii Berberidaceae Darwin’s barberry

Berberis x stenophylla Berberidaceae Barberry

Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea Berberidaceae Japanese barberry

*Berberis verruculosa Berberidaceae Warted barberry

Betula albosinensis Betulaceae Chinese red birch

Brachyglottis monroi Asteraceae Monro’s ragwort

Buddleja davidii Scrophulariaceae Butterfly bush

Buddleja × weyeriana ‘Sungold’ Scrophulariaceae Butterfly bush 'sungold'

Buxus sempervirens Buxaceae Common box

Calluna vulgaris cv. Ericaceae Ling, scotch heather

Camellia japonica cv. Theaceae Camellia

Camellia x williamsii cv Theaceae Camellia

Carpenteria californica Hydrangeaceae Tree anemone

Caryopteris x clandonensis Lamiaceae

Ceanothus ‘Concha’ Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens Rhamnaceae Creeping blue blossom

Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Plumbaginaceae Hardy plumbago

Ceratostigma willmottianum Plumbaginaceae Chinese plumbago

Cercis canadensis ‘Forest Pansy’ Caesalpiniaceae Redbud 'forest pansy'

Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Moerloosei’ Rosaceae Japanese quince 'moerloosei'

Chaenomeles x superba ‘Knap Hill Scarlet’

Rosaceae Flowering quince

Chimonanthus praecox 'Grandiflorus' Calycanthaceae Large Flowed wintersweet

Chimonanthus praecox 'Luteus' Calycanthaceae Yellow wintersweet

Choisya x dewitteana ‘Aztec Pearl’ Rutaceae

Choisya ternata Rutaceae Mexican orange blossom

*Choisya ternata ‘Sundance’ Rutaceae Mexican orange [Sundance]

Cistus × cyprius Cistaceae Common Gum cistus

Cistus x lenis ‘Grayswood Pink’ Cistaceae Rock rose ‘Grayswood Pink’

Cistus x purpureus Cistaceae

Clerodendrum bungei Lamiaceae

Clerodendrum trichotomum var. fargesii Lamiaceae Farges harlequin glorybower

Clethra alnifolia 'Ruby Spice' Clethraceae Common white alder


Clethra barbinevis Clethraceae Japanese Clethra

Clianthus puniceus Papilionaceae Lobster claw

Convolvulus cneorum Convolvulaceae Silverbush

Cordyline australis Asparagaceae Cabbage tree

Cornus alba ‘Sibirica’ Cornaceae Red barked dogwood

Cornus sanguinea Cornaceae Common dogwood

Cornus sericea ‘Flaviramea’ Cornaceae Golden-twig dogwood

Corylopsis pauciflora Hamamelidaceae Buttercup witch hazel

Corylopsis sinensis Hamamelidaceae Chinese winter hazel

Corylus avellana Betulaceae Hazel

Corylus maxima ‘Purpurea’ Betulaceae Purple leaved filbert

Cotinus coggygria Anacardiaceae Smoke tree, Venetian sumach

Cotinus coggygria ‘Royal Purple’ Anacardiaceae

Cotoneaster conspicuus ‘Decorus’ Rosaceae Tibetian cotoneaster

Cotoneaster dammeri Rosaceae Bearberry cotoneaster

Cotoneaster horizontalis Rosaceae Wall cotoneaster

*Cotoneaster lacteus Rosaceae Late cotoneaster

Crataegus persimilis ‘Prunifolia’ Rosaceae Broadleaved cockspur thorn 'prunifolia'

Cytisus x kewensis Papilionaceae Kew Broom

Cytisus x praecox Papilionaceae Warminster broom

Cytisus ‘Zeelandia’ Papilionaceae Broom 'zeelandia'

Daphne arbuscula Thymelaeaceae Shrubby daphne

Daphne mezereum Thymelaeaceae Mezereon

Daphne odora ‘Aureomarginata’ Thymelaeaceae Gold-edged winter Daphne

Deutzia gracilis cv. Hydrangeaceae Japanese snow flower

Deutzia x hybrida ‘Magicien’ Hydrangeaceae

Elaeagnus x ebbingei

Elaeagnaceae Ebbinge’s silverberry

Elaeagnus pungens ‘Maculata’ Elaeagnaceae Spotted Oleaster

Enkianthus campanulatus Ericaceae Redvein enkianthus

Enkianthus cernuus f. rubens Ericaceae Drooping red enkianthus

Enkianthus perulatus Ericaceae Dodan-tsutsuji

Erica carnea cv. Ericaceae Alpine heath/ spring heath

Escallonia illinita ‘Iveyi’ Escalloniaceae Escallonia lveyi

Escallonia organensis ‘Peach Blossom’

Escalloniaceae Escallonia 'peach blossom'

Escallonia rubra var. macrantha Escalloniaceae Chilean gum box

Eucryphia glutinosa Cunoniaceae Nirrhe

Eucryphia × intermedia 'Rostrevor' Cunoniaceae Eucryphia 'Rostrevor'

Euonymus alatus Celastraceae Winged spindle

Euonymus fortunei cv. Celastraceae Winter creeper

Euonymus phellomanus Celastraceae Spindle tree

Euryops pectinatus Asteraceae Grey-leaved euryops

x Fatshedera lizei Araliaceae Tree ivy


x Fatshedera lizei 'Annemieke' (v) Araliaceae Tree ivy 'Annemieke'

x Fatshedera lizei 'Variegata' (v) Araliaceae Variegated tree ivy

*Fatsia japonica Araliaceae Japanese aralia

Forsythia x intermedia ‘Lynwood Variety’

Oleaceae

Forsythia

Fuchsia magellanica cv. Onagraceae Lady’s eardrops

Garrya elliptica Garryaceae Silk tassel bush

Gaultheria mucronata 'Bell's Seedling' (f/m)

Ericaceae Prickly heath 'Bell's Seedling'

Gaultheria mucronata 'Crimsonia' (f) Ericaceae Wintergreen 'Crimsonia'

Gaultheria mucronata 'Mulberry Wine' (f)

Ericaceae Wintergreen 'Mulberry Wine'

Genista lydia Papilionaceae Lydian broom

Genista tinctoria ‘Royal Gold’ Papilionaceae Dyer's greenweed 'Royal gold'

Griselinia littoralis Griseliniaceae New Zealand broadleaf

x Halimiocistus sahucii Cistaceae Sahuc rock rose

x Halimiocistus wintonensis 'Merrist Wood Cream'

Cistaceae Rockrose 'Merrist Wood Cream'

Halimium x pauanum 'Susan' Cistaceae Rock rose 'Susan'

Hamamelis x intermedia cv. Hamamelidaceae

Hamamelis mollis cv. Hamamelidaceae Chinese witch hazel

Hebe ‘Midsummer Beauty’ Plantaginaceae Hortensia

Hebe ochracea ‘James Stirling’ Plantaginaceae Hebe ‘James Stirling’

Hebe pinguifolia ‘Pagei’ Plantaginaceae Disc leaved hebe

Helianthemum nummularium cv. Cistaceae Rock rose

Hibiscus syriacus 'Hamabo' Malvaceae Rose mallow 'Hamabo'

Hibiscus syriacus 'Meehanii' (v) Malvaceae Rose mallow 'Meehanii'

Hibiscus syriacus 'Oiseau Bleu' Malvaceae Rose mallow 'Oiseau Bleu'

Hoheria sexstylosa 'Stardust' Malvaceae Ribbonwood 'Stardust'

Hydrangea arborescens ‘Annabelle’ Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea ‘Annabelle’

Hydrangea aspera Villosa Group Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea villosa group

Hydrangea macrophylla cv. Hydrangeaceae

Hypericum ‘Hidcote’ Hypericaceae St John’s wort ‘Hidcote’

Hypericum x moserianum ‘Tricolor’ Hypericaceae

Ilex crenata ‘Golden Gem’ (f/v) Aquifoliaceae Japanese holly 'Golden Gem'

Indigofera heterantha Papilionaceae Himalayan indigo

Itea ilicifolia Iteaceae Holly-leaved sweet spire

Jasminum nudiflorum Oleaceae Winter jasmine

Kalmia angustifolia f. rubra Ericaceae Red sheep laurel

Kalmia latifolia 'Olympic Fire' Ericaceae Mountain laurel 'Olympic Fire'

Kerria japonica ‘Pleniflora’ Rosaceae Japanese rose

Kolkwitzia amabilis Caprifoliaceae Beauty bush

Laurus nobilis Lauraceae Bay laurel, sweet


bay, bay tree

Lavandula angustifolia Lamiaceae English lavender

Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote’ Lamiaceae English lavender hidcote

Lavandula ‘Willow Vale’ Lamiaceae French Lavender 'Willow Vale'

Lavatera x clementii cv. Malvaceae Clement’s mallow

Leptospermum scoparium (Nanum Group) 'Kiwi'

Myrtaceae Tea tree 'Kiwi'

Leptospermum scoparium 'Red Damask' (d)

Myrtaceae Tea tree 'Red Damask'

*Leycesteria Formosa Caprifoliaceae Himalayan honeysuckle

Ligustrum ovalifolium Oleaceae Garden privet

Lonicera nitida Caprifoliaceae Box leaved honeysuckle

Lonicera pileata Caprifoliaceae Wilson’s honeysuckle

Magnolia grandiflora Magnoliaceae Bull bay

Magnolia stellata Magnoliaceae Star magnolia

Mahonia aquifolium Berberidaceae Oregon grape

Mahonia japonica Berberidaceae Japanese Mahonia

Mahonia x media ‘Charity’ Berberidaceae

*Nandina domestica Berberidaceae Sacred bamboo

Olearia x haastii Asteraceae Daisy bush

Olearia macrodonta Asteraceae New Zealand holly

Osmanthus × burkwoodii Oleaceae Burkwood osmanthus

Osmanthus delavayi Oleaceae Delavay osmanthus

Osmanthus heterophyllus cv. Oleaceae Holly osmanthus

Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius Asteraceae Sea rosemary

Pachysandra terminalis Buxaceae Japanese spurge

Parrotia persica Hamamelidaceae Persian ironwood

Perovskia ‘Blue Spire’ Lamiaceae Perovskia ‘blue spire’

Philadelphus ‘Belle Etoile’ Hydrangeaceae mock Orange 'Belle Etoile'

Philadelphus coronarius cv. Hydrangeaceae Common mock orange

Philadelphus coronarius ‘Variegatus’ (v) Hydrangeaceae Varigated mock orange

Phlomis chrysophylla Lamiaceae Golden-leaved Jerusaleum Sage

Phlomis fruticosa Lamiaceae Jerusalem sage

Phlomis russeliana Lamiaceae

Phormium cookianum subsp. hookeri ‘Cream Delight’ (v)

Hemerocallidaceae mountain flax 'cream delight'

Phormium ‘Sundowner’ (v) Hemerocallidaceae Flax lily 'Sundowner'

Phormium tenax Hemerocallidaceae New Zealand flax

Photinia x fraseri ‘Red Robin’ Rosaceae

Phygelius aequalis ‘Yellow Trumpet’ Scrophulariaceae Cape figwort 'yellow trumpet'

Phygelius x rectus cv. Scrophulariaceae Cape figwort

Physocarpus opulifolius 'Dart's Gold' Rosaceae Ninebark 'Dart's Gold'

Physocarpus opulifolius 'Diabolo' PBR Rosaceae Ninebark 'Diabolo'


Pieris ‘Flaming Silver’ (v) Ericaceae Pieris 'Flaming Silver'

Pieris ’Forest Flame’ Ericaceae Pieris ‘Forest Flame’

Pittosporum eugenioides ‘Variegatum’ (v)

Pittosporaceae Varigated tarata

Pittosporum ‘Garnettii’ Pittosporaceae

Pittosporum tenuifolium Pittosporaceae Kohuhn

Potentilla fruticosa cv. Rosaceae Shrubby cinquefoil

Potentilla × tonguei Rosaceae staghorn cinquefoil

Prostanthera cuneata Lamiaceae Alpine mint bush

Prostanthera rotundifolia Lamiaceae Round-leaved mint bush

Prunus laurocerasus ‘Rotundifolia’ Rosaceae Cherry laurel

Prunus lusitanica Rosaceae Portugal laurel

Pyracantha rogersiana Saphyr Orange Rosaceae Asian firethorn

Pyracantha ‘Teton’ Rosaceae Firethorn 'teton'

Rhododendron ponticum Ericaceae

Rhododendron ponticum ‘Variegatum’ Ericaceae

Rhus typhina Anacardiaceae Stag’s horn sumach

Ribes sanguineum Grossulariaceae Flowering currant

Ribes speciosum Grossulariaceae Fuchsia flowered gooseberry

Rosa glauca Rosaceae Red-leaved rose

Rosa cluster-flowered cv. (Floribunda)

Rosaceae Floribunda roses

Rosa large-flowered cv. (Hybrid Tea)

Rosaceae Hybrid tea roses

Rosa rugosa Rosaceae Japanese rose

Rosmarinus officinalis Lamiaceae Rosemary

Salix ‘Boydii’ (f) Salicaceae Willow 'boydii'

Salvia officinalis Lamiaceae Common sage

Sambucus nigra Adoxaceae Common elder

Sambucus nigra f. porphyrophylla ‘Eva’ or ‘Black Lace’

Adoxaceae

Sambucus racemosa ‘Sutherland Gold’

Adoxaceae

European Rde Elder 'Sutherland Gold'

Santolina chamaecyparissus Asteraceae Lavender cotton

Santolina rosmarinifolia cv. Asteraceae

Sarcococca confusa Buxaceae Sweet box

Sarcococca hookeriana var digyna Buxaceae

Schizophragma hydrangeoides var. hydrangeoides 'Roseum'

Hydrangeaceae Pink Japanese hydrangea vine

Schizophragma integrifolium Hydrangeaceae Chinese hydrangea vine

Skimmia × confusa ‘Kew Green’ Rutaceae Skimmia 'Kew Green'

Skimmia japonica ‘Fragrans’ (m) Rutaceae Skimmia 'Fragans'

Skimmia japonica subsp. reevesiana

Rutaceae

Skimmia japonica ‘Rubella’ (m) Rutaceae

Spartium junceum Papilionaceae Spanish broom

Spiraea ‘arguta’ Rosaceae Bridal wreath

Spiraea japonica ‘Goldflame’ Rosaceae Japanese spiraea ‘goldflame’

Spiraea thunbergii Rosaceae Thunberg Spiraea

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Caprifoliaceae Coralberry


Syringa × josiflexa ‘Bellicent’ Oleaceae Lilac Bellicent

Syringa pubescens subsp microphylla ‘Superba ‘

Oleaceae Daphne Lilac

Syringa vulgaris Oleaceae Lilac

Tamarix tetrandra Tamaricaceae Four-stamen tamarisk

Teucrium fruticans Lamiaceae Shrubby germander

Teucrium x lucidrys Lamiaceae Wall germander

Thymus ‘Doone Valley’ Lamiaceae Thyme ‘doone valley’

Thymus ‘Silver Queen’ Lamiaceae

Ulex europaeus ‘Flore Pleno’ Papilionaceae Double-blossomed furze

*Viburnum x bodnantense ‘Dawn’ Adoxaceae Arrowwood 'Dawn'

Viburnum x carlcephalum Adoxaceae Fragrant snowball

Viburnum davidii Adoxaceae David viburnum

Viburnum farreri Adoxaceae Farrer viburnum

Viburnum opulus Adoxaceae Guelder rose

Viburnum tinus Adoxaceae Laurustinus

Vinca major cv. Apocynaceae Greater periwinkle, quater

Vinca minor cv. Apocynaceae Lesser periwinkle

Weigela ‘Florida Variegata’ Caprifoliaceae

Weigela middendorfiana Caprifoliaceae

Weigela ‘Praecox Variegata’ Caprifoliaceae Weigela 'Praecox Variegata'

Yucca filamentosa

Asparagaceae Adam’s needle variegated Spanish dagger

Yucca gloriosa ‘Variegata’ Asparagaceae


5.0: CLIMBING PLANTS

Genus


Actinidia kolomikta Actinidiaceae Kolomikta

Akebia quinata Lardizabalaceae Chocolate vine

Campsis radicans cv. Bignoniaceae

Campsis x tagliabuana ‘Madame Galen’

Bignoniaceae

Clematis armandii Ranunculaceae Armand clematis

Clematis large flowered Group cv. Ranunculaceae

Clematis montana cv. Ranunculaceae Mountain clematis

Clematis tangutica Ranunculaceae Golden clematis

Clematis viticella cv. Ranunculaceae Purple clematis

Eccremocarpus scaber Bignoniaceae Chilean glory flower

Fallopia baldschuanica Polygonaceae Russian vine

Hedera algeriensis ‘Gloire de Marengo’ (v)

Araliaceae Algerian ivy 'Gloire de Marengo'

Hedera colchica ‘Sulphur Heart’ (v)

Araliaceae Persian ivy

Hedera helix cv. Araliaceae Common English ivy

Humulus lupulus ‘Aureus’ Cannabaceae Golden hop

Hydrangea anomala subsp petiolaris Hydrangeaceae Climbing hydrangea

Jasminum beesianum Oleaceae Red jasmine

Jasminum officinale Oleaceae Common jasmine

Lathyrus latifolius Papilionaceae Broad-leaved everlasting pea

Lonicera japonica ‘Halliana’ Caprifoliaceae Japanese honeysuckle

Lonicera periclymenum cv. Caprifoliaceae Common honeysuckle

Parthenocissus henryana Vitaceae

Parthenocissus quinquefolia Vitaceae Virginia creeper

Parthenocissus tricuspidata Vitaceae Boston ivy

Passiflora caerulea Passifloraceae Blue passion flower

Rosa Rambler Group e.g. ‘Albertine’

Rosaceae Rambler rose

Rosa filipes ‘Kiftsgate’ Rosaceae

Rosa Climbing Group e.g. ‘New Dawn’

Rosaceae Climbing rose

Solanum crispum ‘Glasnevin’ Solanaceae Potato tree ‘Glasnevin’

Solanum laxum ‘Album’ Solanaceae Potato vine

Trachelospermum asiaticum Apocynaceae Asiatic Jasmine

Trachelospermum jasminoides Apocynaceae Star jasmine

Vitis coignetiae Vitaceae Crimson glory vine

Vitis vinifera ‘Purpurea' Vitaceae Tenturier grape

Wisteria floribunda Papilionaceae Japanese wisteria

Wisteria sinensis Papilionaceae Chinese wisteria


6.0: NON-WOODY HERBACEOUS PLANTS 6.1: Herbaceous Perennials

Genus


Acanthus mollis Acanthaceae

Acanthus spinosus Acanthaceae Spiny bear’s breech

Achillea millefolium Asteraceae Common yarrow

Aconitum carmichaelii (Arendsii Group) ‘Arendsii’

Ranunculaceae Monk's hood

Aconitum napellus Ranunculaceae Monk’s hood

Actaea racemosa Ranunculaceae Cohosh bugbane

Actaea simplex (Atropurpurea Group) 'Brunette'

Ranunculaceae Baneberry 'Brunette'

Ajuga reptans cv. Lamiaceae Bugle

Alchemilla erythropoda Rosaceae Dwarf lady's mantle

Alchemilla mollis Rosaceae Lady’s mantle

Alstroemeria cv. Alstroemeriaceae Peruvian lily

Anaphalis triplinervis Asteraceae Pearly everlasting

Anemone hupehensis ‘Hadspen Abundance’

Ranunculaceae Japanese anemone ‘Hadspen Abundance’

Anemone x hybrida ‘Honorine Joubert’

Ranunculaceae

Aquilegia vulgaris cv. Ranunculaceae Common columbine

Artemisia absinthium ‘Lambrook Silver’

Asteraceae Common Wormwood

Artemisia lactiflora Asteraceae White Mugwort

Artemisia ludoviciana ‘Silver Queen’

Asteraceae Western mugwort ‘silver queen’

Aster ericoides cv. Asteraceae Heath aster

Aster x frikartii ‘Mönch’ Asteraceae

Aster novi-belgii cv. Asteraceae New York aster

Astilbe x arendsii cv. Saxifragaceae

Astilbe ‘Sprite’ (simplicifolia hybrid) Saxifragaceae

Astrantia major cv. Apiaceae Masterwort

Astrantia maxima Apiaceae Largest Masterwort

Bergenia cordifolia Saxifragaceae Elephant’s ears

Bergenia ‘Silberlicht’ Saxifragaceae Elephant Ear Silberlicht'

Brunnera macrophylla 'Hadspen Cream' (v)

Boraginaceae Siberian bugloss 'Hadspen'

Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack frost' Boraginaceae Siberian bugloss 'Jack Frost'

Campanula glomerata Campanulaceae Clustered bellflower

Campanula persicifolia Campanulaceae Bell flower

Centaurea montana Asteraceae Perennial cornflower

*Cerastium tomentosum Caryophyllaceae Dusty miller

Coreopsis verticillata Asteraceae Tickseed

Cynara cardunculus Asteraceae Cardoon

Delphinium cv. Ranunculaceae Delphinium

Diascia 'Lilac Belle' Scrophulariaceae Twinspur 'Lilac Belle'

Diascia rigescens Scrophulariaceae Stiff twinspur

Dicentra cv. Papaveraceae Bleeding heart

Echinacea purpurea cv. Asteraceae Purple cone flower


Echinops ritro Asteraceae Small globe thistle

Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Lilafee’ Berberidaceae

Epimedium x rubrum Berberidaceae Red barrenwort

Epimedium × versicolor ‘Sulphureum’ Berberidaceae Bishops' hat 'sulphureum'

Erigeron karvinskianus Asteraceae Fleabane

Eryngium bourgatii cv. Apiaceae Sea holly

Eryngium x tripartitum Apiaceae Tripartite eryngo

Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum Group

Asteraceae Joe-pye weed Atropurpureum Group

Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii Euphorbiaceae Mediterranean spurge

Euphorbia polychroma Euphorbiaceae Many-coloured spurge

Filipendula rubra ‘Venusta’ Rosaceae Meadowsweet ‘venusta’

Gaura lindheimeri Onagraceae White gaura

Geranium endressii Geraniaceae Endres’s crane’sbill, crane’sbill

Geranium ‘Johnson’s Blue’ Geraniaceae Crane’sbill ‘Johnson’s Blue’

Geranium macrorrhizum cv. Geraniaceae Big-root crane’sbill

Geranium wallichianum Geraniaceae

Geum ‘Lady Stratheden’ Rosaceae Avens ‘lady stratheden’

Geum ‘Mrs J Bradshaw’ Rosaceae

Hedychium gardnerianum Zingiberaceae Kahili ginger

Hedychium ‘Tara' Zingiberaceae Ginger lily 'Tara'

Helenium autumnale cv. Asteraceae Sneezeweed

Helenium ‘Moerheim Beauty’ Asteraceae Sneezeweed ‘Moerheim Beauty’

Helenium ‘Sahin’s Early Flowerer’ Asteraceae Sneezeweed ‘Sahin’s Early Flowerer’

Helleborus foetidus Ranunculaceae Stinking helleborus

Helleborus x hybridus cv. Ranunculaceae Lenten rose

Helleborus niger Ranunculaceae Christmas rose

Hemerocallis cv. Hemerocallidaceae Daylily

Hesperantha coccinea 'Jennifer' Iridaceae Crimson flag lily 'Jennifer'

Hesperantha coccinea 'Major' Iridaceae Crimson flag lily 'Major'

Hesperantha coccinea 'Sunrise' Iridaceae Crimson flag lily 'Sunrise'

Hesperis matronalis Brassicaceae Dame’s violet

Heuchera cv. Saxifragaceae Alum root

Hosta fortunei cv. Asparagaceae Funkia, plantain lily

Hosta sieboldiana cv. Asparagaceae Funkia, plantain lily

Hypericum ‘Rowallane’ Hypericaceae St John's wort

Iris Tall Bearded Group (e.g. ‘Dancer’s Veil’)

Iridaceae

Bearded iris

Iris foetidissima Iridaceae Stinking iris

Iris sibirica Iridaceae Siberian flag

Kniphofia cv. Asphodelaceae Red hot poker

Lamium galeobdolon ‘Hermann’s Pride’

Lamiaceae

Lamium maculatum cv. Lamiaceae Deadnettle

Lathyrus vernus Papilionaceae Spring Pea

Leucanthemum x superbum cv. Asteraceae Shatsa daisy


Liatris spicata Asteraceae Button snakewort

Ligularia dentata ‘Desdemona’ Asteraceae

Ligularia przewalskii Asteraceae Przewalski’s golden ray

Liriope muscari Asparagaceae Big blue lily turf

Lupinus arboreus Papilionaceae Tree Lupin

Lupinus Russell hybrids Papilionaceae Lupin

Lychnis chalcedonica Caryophyllaceae Maltese cross

Lychnis coronaria Caryophyllaceae Rose campion

Lychnis flos-jovis Caryophyllaceae Flower of Jove

Lysimachia ciliata ‘Firecracker’ Primulaceae

Lysimachia clethroides Primulaceae Gooseneck loosestrife

Lysimachia nummularia Primulaceae Creeping jenny

Macleaya x kewensis cv. Papaveraceae Plume poppy

Macleaya microcarpa ‘Kelway’s Coral Plume’

Papaveraceae Plume poppy 'kelway's Coral Plume'

Mimulus ‘Highland Red' phrymaceae Monkey flower 'Highland Red'

Monarda 'Gardenview Scarlet' Lamiaceae Bergamot 'Gardenview Scarlet'

Monarda ‘Violet Queen' Lamiaceae Bergamot 'Violet Queen'

Nepeta x faassenii Lamiaceae Catmint

Nepeta grandiflora ‘Dawn to Dusk’ Lamiaceae

Nepeta racemosa Lamiaceae Dwarf catmint

Omphalodes cappadocica Boraginaceae Cappadocian navelwort

Omphalodes linifolia Boraginaceae Venus's navelwort

Ophiopogon planiscapus ‘Nigrescens’ Asparagaceae Black mondo

Origanum ‘Kent Beauty’ Lamiaceae Dittany

Osteospermum jucundum Asteraceae African daisy

Osteospermum ‘White Pim' Asteraceae African daisy 'White Pim'

Paeonia cv. Paeoniaceae Peony

Papaver orientale cv. Papaveraceae Oriental poppy

Penstemon cv. Plantaginaceae

Persicaria affinis ‘Darjeeling Red’ Polygonaceae

Persicaria bistorta 'Superba' Polygonaceae Red bistort ‘superba’

Persicaria vacciniifolia Polygonaceae Rock knotweed

Phlox maculata ‘Alpha’ Polemoniaceae Meadow phlox 'Alpha'

Phlox paniculata cv. Polemoniaceae Perennial phlox

Platycodon grandiflorus Campanulaceae Balloon flower

Polygonatum x hybridum Asparagaceae Solomon’s seal

Potentilla recta cv. Rosaceae Sulphur cinquefoil

*Primula auricula Primulaceae Auricula

Primula denticulata Primulaceae Drumstick primula

Primula vulgaris Primulaceae Primrose

Pulmonaria cv. Boraginaceae Lungwort

Ranunculus aconitifolius ‘Flore Pleno’ Ranuculaceae White bachelor’s buttons

Rodgersia aesculifolia

Saxifragaceae Chestnut-leaved rogersia

Rodgersia pinnata cv. Saxifragaceae

Rudbeckia fulgida var. deamii Asteraceae Deam’s coneflower

Rudbeckia laciniata ‘Herbstsonne’ Asteraceae Coneflower 'Herbstsonne'


Salvia nemorosa cv. Lamiaceae Woodland sage

Salvia x sylvestris cv. Lamiaceae Sage

Scabiosa Caucasica cv. Caprifoliaceae Garden scabious

Sedum Herbstfreude Group Crassulaceae Stonecrop Herbstfreude Group

Sisyrinchium striatum Iridaceae Pale yellow-eyed grass

Solidago × luteus ‘Lemore’ Asteraceae Golden rod 'Lemore'

Solidago rugosa ‘Fireworks’ Asteraceae Rough-stemmed golden rod

Stachys byzantina Lamiaceae Lamb’s ear

Stachys macrantha ‘Superba’ Lamiaceae Betony 'Superba'

Symphytum ‘Hidcote Blue’ Boraginaceae Comfrey

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium Ranunculaceae Meadow rue

Thalictrum delavayi Ranunculaceae Chinese meadow rue

Thalictrum flavum subsp. glaucum Ranunculaceae Glaucous-leaved yellow rue

Tradescantia Andersoniana Group Commelinaceae Spiderwort

Trillium erectum Melanthiaceae Birthroot

Trillium grandiflorum Melanthiaceae American wake-robin

Trillium luteum Melanthiaceae Yellow wood trillium

Verbascum olympicum Scrophulariaceae Olympian mullein

Verbena bonariensis Verbenaceae Purple top

Veronica spicata cv. Plantaginaceae Spiked speedwell

Viola cornuta Alba Group Violaceae Horned pansy Alba Group

Viola riviniana Purpurea Group Violaceae Viola 'Nellie Britton'


6.2: Grasses, Bamboos and Ferns

Genus


Agrostis tenuis Poaceae (turf grass)

Asplenium nidus Aspleniaceae Bird's nest fern

Asplenium scolopendrium Aspleniaceae Hart’s-tongue fern

Asplenium trichomanes Aspleniaceae Maidenhair spleenwort

Athyrium filix-femina Woodsiacea Lady fern

Blechnum penna-marina Blechnaceae Alpine water fern

Blechnum spicant Blechnaceae Hard fern

Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Overdam’ Poaceae Feather reed grass

Carex buchananii Cyperaceae Leather leaf sedge

Carex elata ‘Aurea’ Cyperaceae Bowles' golden sage

Carex oshimensis ‘Evergold’ (v)

Cyperaceae

Cortaderia richardii (Endl.) Zotov Poaceae Toe toe

Cortaderia selloana ‘Pumila’ Poaceae Pampas grass

Cynosurus cristatus Poaceae (turf grass)

Deschampsia cespitosa ‘Bronzeschleier’

Poaceae

Tufted hair grass

Dicksonia antarctica Dicksoniaceae Soft tree fern, Australian tree fern, Tasmanian tree fern, woolly tree fern

Dicksonia fibrosa Dicksoniaceae Golden tree fern

Dicksonia squarrosa Dicksoniaceae New Zealand Tree fern

Dryopteris affinis ‘Cristata Angustata’

Dryopteridaceae Scaley male fern 'cristata'

Dryopteris erythrosora Dryopteridaceae Copper shield fern

Dryopteris filix-mas

Dryopteridaceae Male fern autumn fern

Eragrostis curvula Poaceae African love grass, weeping love grass

Fargesia murielae Poaceae Umbrella bamboo

Fargesia robusta Poaceae

Fargesia rufa Poaceae

Festuca glauca ‘Elijah Blue’ Poaceae Blue fescue

Festuca rubra Poaceae (turf grass)

Gymnocarpium dryopteris Woodsiacea Oak fern

Gymnocarpium dryopteris 'Plumosum'

Woodsiacea Oak fern 'Plumosum'

Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola' Poaceae Golden hakonechloa

Helictotrichon sempervirens Poaceae Blue oat grass

Lolium perenne Poaceae (turf grass)

Matteuccia struthiopteris Onocleaceae Shuttlecock fern

Miscanthus sinensis cv. Poaceae Eulalia

Osmunda regalis Osmundaceae Royal fern

Pennisetum alopecuroides cv. Poaceae Chinese fountain grass


Pennisetum villosum Poaceae Feathertop

*Phalaris arundinacea ‘Picta’ Poaceae Gardener’s garters

Phleum bertolonii Poaceae (turf grass)

Phyllostachys aurea Poaceae Fish pole bamboo

Phyllostachys nigra Poaceae Black bamboo

Phyllostachys vivax f. aureocaulis Poaceae Golden Chinese timber bamboo

Pleioblastus variegatus (v) Poaceae Dwarf white-striped bamboo

Pleioblastus viridistriatus Poaceae Kamuro-zasa

Poa pratensis Poaceae (turf grass)

Polypodium glycyrrhiza 'Longicaudatum'

Polypodiaceae Licorice fern

Polystichum polyblepharum Dryopteridaceae Japanese tassel fern

Polystichum setiferum Dryopteridaceae Soft shield fern

Polystichum tsussimense Dryopteridaceae Korean rock fern

Pseudosasa japonica Poaceae Arrow bamboo

Sasa veitchii Poaceae Veitch’s bamboo

Stipa gigantea Poaceae Golden oats

Stipa tenuissima Poaceae Mexican feather grass


6.3: Bulbs, Corns and Tubers and Rhizomes

Genus


Agapanthus cv. Agapanthaceae African blue lily

Anemone blanda Ranunculaceae Windflower

Anemone nemerosa Ranunculaceae Wood anemone

Chionodoxa forbesii Asparagaceae Glory of the snow

Colchicum speciosum Colchicaceae Giant meadow Saffron

Colchicum tenorei Colchicaceae Tenore autumn crocus

Colchicum ‘Waterlily’ (d) Colchicaceae Meadow saffron ‘waterlily’

Convallaria majalis Asparagaceae Lilly-of-the-valey

Crinum x powellii Amaryllidaceae

Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora cv. Iridaceae Montbretia

Crocosmia ‘Lucifer’ Iridaceae Montibretia 'Lucifer'

Crocosmia masoniorum Iridaceae Giant montibretia

Crocus cv. large flowered Iridaceae

Crocus chrysanthus Iridaceae Golden crocus

Crocus tommasinianus Iridaceae Early crocus

Crocus vernus cv. Iridaceae Dutch crocus

Cyclamen coum Primulaceae Eastern cyclamen

Cyclamen hederifolium Primulaceae Ivy-leaved cyclamen

Eranthis hyemalis Ranunculaceae Winter aconite

Erythronium californicum 'White Beauty'

Liliaceae Fawn lily 'White Beauty'

Erythronium dens-canis Liliaceae Dog's tooth violet

Erythronium tuolumnense Liliaceae Tuolumne dog's tooth violet

Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt. Asparagaceae Autumn pineapple lily

Eucomis bicolor Asparagaceae Two-coloured pineapple lily

Eucomis comosa Asparagaceae Pineapple flower

Fritillaria imperialis cv. Liliaceae Crown imperial

Fritillaria meleagris Liliaceae Snake’s-head fritillary

Fritillaria pallidiflora Liliaceae Siberian Fritillaria

Galanthus elwesii Amaryllidaceae Greater snowdrop

Galanthus nivalis Amaryllidaceae Common snowdrop

Gladiolus cv. Iridaceae

Habranthus robustus Amaryllidaceae Argentine rain lily

Habranthus tubispathus Amaryllidaceae Barbados snowdrop

Hyacinthoides non-scripta Asparagaceae English bluebell

Hyacinthus orientalis cv. Asparagaceae Hyacinth

Ipheion ‘Alberto Castillo' Alliaceae Starflower 'Alberto Castillo'

Ipheion uniflorum 'Froyle Mill' Alliaceae Spring starflower 'Froyle Mill'

Ipheion uniflorum 'Wisley Blue' Alliaceae Spring starflower 'Wisley Blue'

*Iris gemanica Iridaceae Bearded iris

Iris reticulata cv. Iridaceae Bulbous iris

Iris unguicularis Iridaceae Algerian iris

Lachenalia aloides var. quadricolor

Asparagaceae Four-coloured opal flower


Lachenalia contaminata Asparagaceae Wild hyacinth

Leucojum aestivum Amaryllidaceae Summer snowflake

Lilium cv. Lilaceae Lily

Lilium regale Lilaceae Regal lily

Muscari armeniacum Asparagaceae Armenian grape hyacinth

Muscari azureum Asparagaceae Azure grape hyacinth

Muscari latifolium Asparagaceae Broad-leaved grape hyacinth

Narcissus cv. Amaryllidaceae Wild daffodil

Nectaroscordum siculum Alliaceae Sicilian honey garlic

Nerine bowdenii Amaryllidaceae Bowden Cornish lily

Nerine sarniensis Amaryllidaceae Guernsey Lily

Ornithogalum nutans Asparagaceae Drooping star of Bethlehem

Scilla bifolia Asparagaceae Alpine Squill

Scilla mischtschenkoana Asparagaceae Misczenko squill

Scilla siberica Asparagaceae Siberian squill

Tulbaghia violacea Alliaceae Society garlic

Tulipa Darwin Hybrid Group Liliaceae

Tulipa Greigii Group Liliaceae

Tulipa tarda Liliaceae Latetulip


6.4: Hardy Annuals and Biennials Genus


Alcea rosea cv. Malvaceae Hollyhock

Calendula officinalis Asteraceae Pot marigold

Campanula medium Campanulaceae Canterbury bell

Centaurea cyanus Asteraceae Bluebottle, cornflower

Clarkia unguiculata Onagraceae Clarkia

Consolida ajacis Ranunculaceae Larkspur

Cosmos bipinnatus Asteraceae Cosmea

Dianthus barbatus Caryophyllaceae Sweet william

Digitalis grandiflora Plantaginaceae Large yellow foxglove

Digitalis × mertonensis Plantaginaceae Strawberry foxglove

Digitalis purpurea Plantaginaceae Foxglove

*Dipsacus fullonum Caprifoliaceae Teasel

Echium candicans Boraginaceae Pride of Medeira

Echium plantagineum Boraginaceae Purple viper’s bugloss

Echium wildpretii Boraginaceae Tower of jewels

Eryngium giganteum Apiaceae Miss Willmott’s ghost

Erysimum Cheiri cv. Brassicaceae Common wallflower

Eschscholzia californica Papaveraceae California poppy

Helianthus 'Lemon Queen' Asteraceae Sunflower 'Lemon Queen'

Helianthus 'Loddon Gold' Asteraceae Sunflower 'Loddon Gold'

Helianthus 'Miss Mellish' Asteraceae Sunflower ' Miss Mellish'

Lathyrus odoratus cv. Papilionaceae Sweet pea

Limnanthes douglasii Limnanthaceae Poached-egg flower

Lobularia maritima Brassicaceae Sweet alyssum

Lunaria annua Brassicaceae Honesty

Matthiola incana Brassicaceae Brompton stock

Moluccella laevis Lamiaceae Bells of Ireland

Myosotis sylvatica Boraginaceae Forget-me-not

Nicotiana sylvestris Solanaceae Flowering tobacco

Nigella damascena Ranunculaceae Love-in-a-mist

Oenothera biennis Onagraceae Evening primrose

Oenothera macrocarpa Onagraceae Missouri primrose

Onopordum acanthium Asteraceae Cotton thistle, Scotch thistle

Papaver nudicaule Gartenzwerg Group

Papaveraceae Iceland poppy

Papaver somniferum Papaveraceae Opium poppy

Primula Polyanthus Group Primulaceae Polyanthus

Primula vulgaris Primrose Group

Primulaceae Primrose


Tropaeolum majus Tropaeolaceae Garden nasturtium

Tropaeolum speciosum Tropaeolaceae Flame Nasturtium

Tropaeolum tuberosum var. lineamaculatum ‘Ken Aslet’

Tropaeolaceae Nasturtium 'Ken Aslet'

Verbascum bombyciferum Scrophulariaceae Mullein

Viola x wittrockiana cv. Violaceae Pansy


6.5: Half Hardy and Tender Plants

Genus


Abutilon 'Kentish Belle' Malvaceae Abutilon 'Kentish Belle'

Abutilon megapotamicum Malvaceae Trailing abutilon

Abutilon x milleri hort. Malvaceae Miller abutilon

Ageratum houstonianum cv. Asteraceae Floss flower

Antirrhinum majus cv. Plantaginaceae Snapdragon

Argyranthemum frutescens cv. Asteraceae Marguerite

Argyranthemum maderense Asteraceae Madeira marguerite

Begonia semperflorens Cultorum Group

Begoniaceae

Begonia x tuberhybrida (e.g. Nonstop Series)

Begoniaceae

Bidens ferulifolia Asteraceae Fern-leaved beggar-ticks

Bougainvillea glabra cv. Nyctaginaceae Paper flower

Brachyscome iberidifolia Asteraceae Swan river daisy

Canna indica cv. Cannaceae Canna

Correa backhouseana Rutaceae Backhouse Australian fuchsia

Correa 'Dusky Bells' Rutaceae Australian fuchsia 'Dusky Bells'

Correa pulchella Rutaceae Australian fuchsia

Cyperus involucratus Cyperaceae Umbrella plant

Cyperus papyrus Cyperaceae Papyrus

Dahlia ‘Bishop of Llandaff’ Asteraceae

Dahlia Dwarf Bedding Group

Asteraceae

Fuchsia ‘Thalia’ Onagraceae Fuchshia ‘thalia’

Glechoma hederacea Lamiaceae Ground ivy

Grevillea ‘Canberra Gem’ Proteaceae Spider flower 'Canberra Gem'

Grevillea robusta Proteaceae Silky oak

Helichrysum petiolare Asteraceae Liquorice plant

Heliotropium arborescens Boraginaceae Heliotrope

Impatiens walleriana cv. Balsaminaceae Busy lizzie

Lobelia erinus cv. Campanulaceae Trailing lobelia

Lobelia × speciosa ‘Fan Tiefrot’ (Fan Series)

Campanulaceae Lobelia 'Fan Tiefrot' (Fan series)

Mimulus aurantiacus phrymaceae Bush monkey flower

Nemesia denticulata Scrophulariaceae Toothed aloha

Nicotiana alata Solanaceae Sweet tobacco

*Pelargonium fragrans ‘Variegatum’

Geraniaceae Geranium Scented 'Fragrans Variegatum'

Pelargonium Zonale group cv. Geraniaceae Geranium

Petunia cv. Solanaceae Petunia

Plectranthus argentatus Lamiaceae Silver spurflower

Plectranthus forsteri Lamiaceae

Polygala × dalmaisiana Polygalaceae Sweet pea shrub

Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Caster-oil-plant

Salvia splendens cv. Lamiaceae Sage

Solenostemon cv. Lamiaceae Coleus

Tagetes erecta Asteraceae African marigold


Tagetes patula Asteraceae French marigold

Verbena cv. Verbenaceae Florist’s verbena


6.6: Ornamental Pot Plants

Genus


Adiantum raddianum Pteridaceae Delta maidenhair

Aeonium haworthii Crassulaceae Pinwheel

Aeonium 'Zwartkop' Crassulaceae Aeonium 'Zwartkop'

Agave americana Asparagaceae Centuary plant

Agave filifera Asparagaceae Thread agave

Agave victoriare- reginae Asparagaceae Royal agave

Aloe arborescens Asphodelaceae Varigated candelabra aloe

Aloe brevifolia Asphodelaceae Short leaved aloe

Asparagus densiflorus Sprengeri Group

Asparagaceae Emerald feather

Asparagus setaceus Asparagaceae Asparagus fern

Aspidistra elatior Asparagaceae Common aspidistra, cast iron plant, bar room plant

Begonia Rex Cultorum Group

Begoniaceae King begonia

Chamaedorea elegans Arecaceae Dwarf mountain palm, parlour palm

Chlorophytum comosum Asparagaceae Spider plant

Chlorophytum comosum ‘Vittatum’ (v)

Asparagaceae Spider ivy 'vittatum'

Chlorophytum ‘Variegatum’ Asparagaceae

Clivia miniata Amaryllidaceae Natal lily

Clivia nobilis Amaryllidaceae Green-tip forest lily

Cyclamen persicum Primulaceae Persian cyclamen

Dracaena marginata Asparagaceae Madagascar dragon tree

Echeveria elegans Crassulaceae Mexican snow ball

Echeveria setosa Crassulaceae Mexican firecracker

Euphorbia pulcherrima Euphorbiaceae Poinsettia

Ficus benjamina Moraceae Weeping fig

Ficus elastica Moraceae Indian rubber tree, rubber plant

Ficus pumila Moraceae Creeping fig

Gardenia jasminoides Rubiaceae Cape jasmine, common gardinia

Howea forsteriana Arecaceae Sentry palm

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Crassulaceae Flaming Katy

Kalanchoe pumila Crassulaceae Dwarf kalanchoe

Maranta leuconeura Marantaceae Prayer plant

Monstera deliciosa Araceae Swiss cheese plant


Nephrolepis exaltata Lormariopsidaceae Sword fern

Peperomia caperata cv. Piperaceae Emerald ripple pepper

Plumbago auriculata Plumbaginaceae Cape leadwort

Saintpaulia cv. Gesneriaceae African violet

Sansevieria trifasciata cv. Dracaenaceae

Sinningia speciosa Gesneriaceae Florist’s gloxinia

Solanum pseudocapsicum Solanaceae Jerusalem cherry

Stephanotis floribunda Asclepiadaceae Bridal wreath

Strelitzia reginae Strelitziaceae Bird of paradise

Streptocarpus cv. Gesneriaceae Cape primrose

Tradescantia fluminensis Commelinaceae Small leaf spiderwort

Yucca elephantipes Asparagaceae Spineless yucca


7.0: ALPINE AND ROCK GARDEN PLANTS

Genus


Achillea × lewisii ‘King Edward’

Asteraceae Yarrow King Edward

Aethionema grandiflorum Brassicaceae Persian Stone Cress

Aethionema 'Warley Rose' Brassicaceae Stone cress 'Warley Rose'

Androsace lanuginosa Primulaceae Woolly rock jasmine

Armeria juniperifolia Plumbaginaceae Juniper-leaved thrift

Aubrieta cv. Brassicaceae Aubretia

Aurinia saxatilis Brassicaceae Gold dust

Campanula carpatica Campanulaceae Tussock bell flower

Celmisia semicordata Asteraceae

Chiastophyllum oppositifolium Crassulaceae Lamb’s tail

Convolvulus sabatius Convolvulus Blue rock bindweed

Corydalis flexuosa Papaveraceae Blue corydalis

Corydalis malkensis Papaveraceae Alexeenkoana of gardens

Corydalis solida subsp. solida 'George Baker'

Papaveraceae Fumewort 'George Baker'

Dianthus alpinus Caryophyllaceae Alpine pink

Diascia barberae 'Ruby Field'

Scrophulariaceae Twinspur 'Ruby Field'

Dionysia aretioides Primulaceae Artioid dionysia

Dodecatheon dentatum Primulaceae Toothed American cowslip

Dodecatheon meadia f. album Primulaceae White-flowered American cowslip

Dodecatheon pulchellum Primulaceae Dark-throated shooting star

Draba aizoides Brassicaceae Yellow whitlow grass

Draba longisiliqua Brassicaceae Long-podded whitlow grass

Dryas octopetala Rosaceae Mountain avens

Dryas x suendermannii Rosaceae Suendermann dryad

Erodium x variabile cv. Geraniaceae

Euryops acraeus Asteraceae Mountain euryops

Gentiana acaulis Gentianaceae Stemless gentian

Gentiana asclepiadea Gentianaceae Willow gentian

Gentiana septemfida Gentianaceae Crested gentian

Geranium subcaulescens Geraniaceae

Helianthemum ‘Amy Baring’ Cistaceae Rock rose 'Amy baring'


Helianthemum ‘Rhodanthe Carneum’

Cistaceae Rock rose 'Rhodanthe Carneum'

Iberis sempervirens Brassicaceae Perennial candytuft

Juniperus chinensis ‘Stricta’ Cupressaceae Chinese juniper

Leptinella squalida ‘Platt’s Black’

Asteraceae

Lewisia cotyledon Portulacaceae Siskiyou lewisia

Lithodora diffusa 'Heavenly Blue'

Boraginaceae Purple gromwell 'Heavenly Blue'

Lithodora oleifolia Boraginaceae Olive-leaved gromwell

Meconopsis quintuplinervia Papaveraceae Harebell Poppy

Origanum amanum Lamiaceae Amanus Oregano

Oxalis adenophylla Oxalidaceae Sauer klee

Oxalis enneaphylla Oxalidaceae Scurvy grass

Oxalis ‘Ione Hecker' Oxalidaceae Wood sorrel 'Ione Hecker'

Phlox subulata cv. Polemoniaceae

Platycodon grandiflorus Apoyama Group

Campanulaceae Balloon flower Apoyama Group

Polygala calcarea 'Lillet' Polygalaceae Milkwort 'Lillet'

Pulsatilla alpina subsp. apiifolia

Ranunculaceae Parsley-leaved pasque flower

Pulsatilla vernalis Ranunculaceae Lady of the snow

Pulsatilla vulgaris Ranunculaceae Pasque flower

Raoulia hookeri Asteraceae

Rhodohypoxis baurii cv. Hypoxidaceae

Saponaria ocymoides Caryophyllaceae Tumbling Ted

Saxifraga cv. Saxifragaceae

Saxifraga x urbium Saxifragaceae London pride

Sedum cv. Crassulaceae Stonecrop

Sempervivum arachnoideum Crassulaceae Houseleek

Sempervivum ‘Commander Hay’ Crassulaceae Houseleek 'Commander Hay'

Sempervivum tectorum Crassulaceae Common house leek


8.0: AQUATIC PLANTS Genus


Acorus gramineus ‘Variegatus’ Acoraceae Slender sweet flag

Aponogeton distachyos Aponogetonaceae Cape pondweed, water hawthorn

Butomus umbellatus Butomaceae Flowering rush

Caltha palustris Ranunculaceae Kingcup, marsh marigold

*Ceratophyllum demersum Ceratophyllaceae Rigid hornwort

Elodea canadensis Hydrocharitaceae

Canadian pond weed

*Geum rivale Rosaceae Water avens

Gunnera magellanica Gunneraceae

Gunnera manicata Gunneraceae Chilean rhubarb, giant rhubarb, prickly rhubarb

Hottonia palustris Primulaceae Water violet

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Hydrocharitaceae Frogbit

*Iris ensata Iridaceae Japanese iris

Iris laevigata Iridaceae (beardless) Japanese iris

*Iris pseudacorus Iridaceae Yellow flag iris

Juncus effusus f. spiralis Juncaceae Corkscrew rush

Lobelia cardinalis Campanulaceae Cardinal flower

*Lysimachia nummularia Primulaceae Creeping Jenny

Mentha aquatica Lamiaceae Water mint

*Mimulus aurantiacus Phrymaceae Yellow monkey musk

*Myosotis scorpioides Boraginaceae Water forget-me-not

*Nuphar lutea Nymphaeaceae Brandy bottle lily

Nymphaea cv. Nymphaeaceae Water lilly

Nymphoides peltata Menyanthaceae Finged water lily

*Orontium aquaticum Araceae Golden club

Pontederia cordata Pontederiaceae Pickerel weed

Potamogeton crispus Potamogetonaceae Curled pondweed

*Primula beesiana Primulaceae Pink candelabra primuls

*Primula bulleyana Primulaceae Orange candelabra primuls

Primula japonica Primulaceae (candelabra primula)

*Ranunculus flammula Ranunculaceae Lesser spearwort

*Schoenoplectrus ‘Zebrinus’ Cyperaceae Zebra rush

Stratiotes aloides Hydrocharitaceae Water soldier

Thalia dealbata Marantaceae Powdery alligator-flag

*Typha angustifolia Typhaceae Lesser reedmace

Veronica beccabunga Plantagenaceae Brooklime

Zantedeschia aethiopica Araceae Arum lily

Zantedeschia elliottiana Araceae Golden Arum Lily

Zantedeschia rehmannii Araceae Pink Arum Lily


9.0: WEEDS

Genus


Aegopodium podagraria Apiaceae Ground elder

Bellis perennis Asteraceae Daisy

Calystegia sepium Convolvulaceae Hedge bindweed

Capsella bursa-pastoris Brassicaceae Shepherds purse

Cardamine hirsuta Brassicaceae Bitter cress

Cerastium holosteoides Caryophyllaceae mouse ear chickweed

Cirsium arvense Asteraceae Creeping thistle

Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulaceae Field bindweed

Dactylis glomerata Poaceae Cock’s-foot, orchard grass

Elymus repens Poaceae Couch grass, twitch

Equisetum arvense Equisetaceae Common horse tail, mare’s tail

*Euphorbia Peplus Euphorbiaceae Spurge

Galium aparine Rubiaceae Sticky weed

Holcus lanatus Poaceae Yorkshire fog

*Lamium purpureum Lamiaceae Purple deadnettle

Plantago lanceolata Plantaginaceae Ribwort plantain

Plantago major Plantaginaceae Large leaf plantain, greater plantain

Poa annua Poaceae Annual meadow grass

Prunella vulgaris Lamiaceae Selfheal

Ranunculus bulbosus Ranunculaceae Bulbus buttercup

Ranunculus ficaria Ranunculaceae Buttercup, lesser celandine

Ranunculus repens Ranunculaceae Buttercup

Rhododendron ponticum Ericaceae

Rumex obtusifolius Polygonaceae Field dock, broadleaf dock

*Sagina procumbens Caryophyllaceae Birdeye pearlwort

Senecio vulgaris Asteraceae Groundsel

Stellaria media Caryophyllaceae Chickweed

Taraxacum officinale Asteraceae Dandelion

Trifolium repens Papilionaceae White clover

Urtica dioica Urticaceae Perennial nettle, nettle

Urtica urens Urticaceae Annual nettle

Veronica chamaedrys Plantaginaceae Germander speedwell

*Veronica persica Plantaginaceae Speedwell


10.0: EDIBLE PLANTS Vegetable seeds specifically for seed activities in levels 1 and 2 units; and reference for edible plants and herbs in the level 3 optional unit - Management of green spaces, landscaped areas and ornamental gardens; and level 2 optional unit Practical Skills in vegetable growing techniques.

10.1: Vegetables

Genus


Allium officinalis Alliaceae Garlic

Allium porrum Alliaceae Leek

Allium cepa Alliaceae Onion

Allium cepa (Aggregatum Group) Alliaceae Shallot

Apium graveolens var. rapaceum Apiaceae Celeriac

Asparagus officinalis Asparagaceae Asparagus

Beta vulgaris Amaranthaceae Beetroot

Brassica napus(Napobrassica Group)

Brassicaceae Swede

Brassica oleracea (Botrytis Group) Brassicaceae Cauliflower

Brassica oleracea (Capitata Group) Brassicaceae Cabbage

Brassica oleracea (Gemmifera Group)

Brassicaceae Brussels sprout

Brassica oleracea (Italica Group) Brassicaceae Calabrese (Broccoli)

Brassica rapa (Rapifera Group) Brassicaceae Turnip

Capsicum annuum var. annuum Solanaceae Sweet pepper

Cichorium intybus Asteraceae Chicory

Cucurbita cv. Cucurbitaceae Courgette

Cucurbita cv. Cucurbitaceae Marrow

Cucurbita cv. Cucurbitaceae Pumpkin

Cucurbita cv. Cucurbitaceae Squash

Daucus carota Apiaceae Carrot

Lactuca sativa Asteraceae Lettuce

Pastinaca sativa Apiaceae Parsnip

Phaseolus coccineus Papilionaceae Runner bean

Phaseolus vulgaris Papilionaceae French bean

Pisum sativum Papilionaceae Pea

Raphanus sativus Brassicaceae Radish

Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae Tomato

Solanum melongena Solanaceae Aubergine

Solanum tuberosum Solanaceae Potato

Spinacia oleracea Chenopodiaceae Spinach

Vicia faba Papilionaceae Broad bean

Zea mays Poaceae Sweet corn


10.2: Top Fruit: Cane/ Soft Fruit

Genus


Citrus limon Rutaceae Lemon

Ficus carica Moraceae Fig

Fragaria x ananassa Rosaceae Strawberry

Malus domestica Rosaceae Apple

Pyrus communis Rosaceae Pear

Prunus avium Rosaceae Cherry

Prunus domestica Rosaceae Plum

Prunus persica Rosaceae Peach

Ribes nigrum Grossulariaceae Blackcurrant

Ribes rubrum Grossulariaceae Redcurrant

Ribes uva-crispa Grossulariaceae Gooseberry

Rubus fruticosus Rosaceae Blackberry

Rubus idaeus Rosaceae Raspberry

Rubus x loganobaccus Rosaceae Loganberry

Vaccinium corymbosum Ericaceae Blueberry

Vitis vinifera Vitaceae Grape vine

10.3: Herbs

Genus


Allium schoenoprasum Alliaceae Chives

Mentha spicata Lamiaceae Mint

Ocimum basilicum Lamiaceae Sweet Basil

Origanum vulgare Lamiaceae Oregano

Petroselinum crispum Apiaceae Parsley

Rosmarinus officinalis Lamiaceae Rosemary

Salvia officinalis Lamiaceae Common sage

Thymus vulgaris Lamiaceae Common thyme

10.4: Green Manures Specifically for the level 2 optional unit - Sustainable Garden Practice

Genus Species Family Preferred Common name

Borago officinalis Boraginaceae Borage

Fagopyrum esculentum Polygonaceae Buckwheat

Lolium multiflorum Poaceae Italian rye grass

Lupinus angustifolius Papilionaceae Bitter lupin

Medicago sativa Papilionaceae Alfalfa

Phacelia tanacetifolia Boraginaceae Phacelia

Secale cereale Poaceae Winter grazing rye

Sinapis alba Brassicaceae Mustard

Symphytum x uplandicum 'Bocking 14'

Boraginaceae Comfrey

Trifolium repens Papilionaceae Clover, white

Vicia faba Papilionaceae Winter field beans

Vicia sativa Papilionaceae Winter tares


11.0: PESTS, DISEASES, DISORDERS AND BENEFICIAL ANIMALS, BIRDS AND INSECTS 11.1: Pests

Adelgids Gooseberry sawfly

Aphids Horse chestnut leaf miner

Apple sawfly Leaf hoppers

Bark beetles Lily beetle

Big bud Leatherjacket

Birds Mealybug

Brown tail moth Oak moth

Cabbage root fly larva Nut weevil (curculio nucum)

Cabbage white butterfly larva Pear midge

Cane beetle Plum sawfly

Capsid bug Raspberry beetle

Carrot fly Scale insect

Caterpillars (Moth and Butterfly) Sciarid fly

Chafer grub Slug

Codling moth Snail

Cushion scale Suckers (Psyllids)

Cutworms Stem/bulb eelworm

Earwig Thrips

Flea beetle (Phyllotreta) Two spotted/ red spider mite

Frog hopper Vine weevil (adult and larvae)

Fruit tortrix moth Whitefly (brassica and glasshouse)

Gall midges (except Aphidoletes Aphidomyza)

Winter moth

Gall wasps Wireworm

11.2: Diseases and Disorders

American gooseberry powdery mildew Fungal leaf spot on a named plant

Apple canker (fungal) Fungal (apple) canker

Apple scab Fusarium red thread (laetisaria fuciforms)

Ash die back Ganoderma

Bacterial canker Green Algae

Bitter pit Honey fungus

Black spot Iron deficiency and lime induced chlorosis

Bracket fungi Inter-veinal chlorosis

Blossom end rot Magnesium deficiency

Blossom wilt Mosaic virus

Bolting Nitrogen deficiency

Botrytis (grey mould)(brown rot) Oedema

Box blight Peach leaf curl

Clubroot Pear rust

Coral spot Phytophthora

Damping off Plum canker (bacterial)

Downy mildew Potato or tomato blight

Effects of drought Powdery mildew

Effects of hail *Rhododendron bud blast

Effects of heat/ sun scorch A named common rust

Effects of herbicide damage Sclerotinia diseases

Effects of frost Silver leaf

Effects of mechanical damage Starcrack virus


Effects of shade Strawberry mildew

Effects of waterlogging Verticillium wilts

Fasciation A common named plant virus

Fireblight Water damage

Foliar scab on a named plant Wilting

Fruit split Wind damage

11.3: Beneficial Animals, Birds and Insects

Blue tit Parasitized aphids

Brandling worm Red spider mite predator (Phytoseiulus persimilis)

Brown Centipede Shrew

Bumblebees Snake centipede

Carabid beetles Solitary wasps

Earthworm Song thrush

Flower bugs (Anthocorid bugs) Starling

Frog Staphylinid or rove beetles

Hedgehog Tachinid flies

Honeybee Tiger beetle

Hoverfly Toad

Lacewing Violet ground beetle

Ladybird Whitefly parasite (Encarsia Formosa)

Mealybug predator (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri)

Wolf spiders

Parasitic wasps

RHS Qualifications in Practical Horticulture - LEDGE

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