Research of 3-D Deceptive Interfering Method for Single-Pass ...

This is a repository copy of Research of 3-D Deceptive Interfering Method for Single-Pass Spaceborne InSAR.

White Rose Research Online URL for this paper:http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/85481/

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Article:

Wu, Z-F., Xu, H-P., Li, J-W. et al. (1 more author) (2015) Research of 3-D Deceptive Interfering Method for Single-Pass Spaceborne InSAR. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 51 (4). pp. 2834-2846. ISSN 0018-9251

https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.2015.140325

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Ã Ô= ⊗ − ∆ −Ä Õ

Å ÖÃ Ô

= ⊗ − ∆ −Ä ÕÅ Ö

""*8+"

yjgtg" G "ku" vjg" lcoogt" ickp" hcevqt." * . +x yσ "ku" vjg"dcemuecvvgtkpi" eqghhkekgpv" qh" vjg" hcnug"rqkpv" vctigv0" Ukoknctn{."vjg"fgegrvkxg"lcookpi"ukipcn"tgegkxgf"d{"vjg"uncxg"cpvgppc"ku"ikxgp"d{"""

* +* . + * . + * . + * + sj a

S r a r r a r a

R tJ t t GJ t t x y t t

cσ δ τ

Ã Ô= ⊗ − ∆ −Ä Õ

Å Ö""*9+"

Ukownvcpgqwun{."vjg"tgcn"gejq"ukipcn"htqo"vjg"rtqvgevgf"vctigv"cpf"tgegkxgf"d{"vjg"ocuvgt"cpvgppc"ecp"dg"gzrtguugf"cu"

24 * +* . + * . + * . + m a

M r a real r a r

R ts t t x y s t t t

cσ δ

Ã Ô= ⊗ −Ä Õ

Å Ö""""""""*:+"

yjgtg" * . +real x yσ "ku" vjg" dcemuecvvgtkpi" eqghhkekgpv" qh" vjg"rtqvgevgf"rqkpv"vctigv0"Eqorctkpi"vjg"vkog"qh"vjg"wpkv"korwnug"hwpevkqpu" kp" dqvj" *8+" cpf" *:+." yg" ecp" fgtkxg" vjg" vkog" fgnc{"

* +atτ∆ "cu"

( )4 * + * +* + m a mj a

a

R t R tt

cτ

−∆ = """""""""""""""""""""*;+"

Uwduvkvwvkpi"*7+"cpf"*;+"kpvq"*9+."vjg"fgegrvkxg"lcookpi"ukipcn"cv"vjg"uncxg"cpvgppc"ecp"dg"tgytkvvgp"cu"

2

"""" * . +* + * +4 * +* . + * . +

S r a

mj a sj am ar a r

J t t

R t R tR tG x y s t t t

c c cσ δ

Ã Ô= ⊗ − + −Ä Õ

Å Ö

"*32+""

Jqygxgt." vjg" tgcn" gejq" ukipcn" htqo" vjg" rtqvgevgf" vctigv" cpf"tgegkxgf"d{"vjg"uncxg"cpvgppc"ku"ikxgp"d{"

2* + * +* . + * . + * . + m a s a

S r a real r a r

R t R ts t t x y s t t t

cσ δ

+Ã Ô= ⊗ −Ä Õ

Å Ö""*33+""""""""""""

Eqorctkpi"vjg"vkog"qh"wpkv"korwnug"hwpevkqpu"kp"*32+"cpf"*33+."yg"ecp"fgtkxg"vjg"vkog"fgxkcvkqp"dgvyggp"vjg"tgcn"gejq"ukipcn"cpf"vjg"tgegkxgf"fgegrvkxg"lcookpi"ukipcn"cv"vjg"uncxg"cpvgppc"cu"

* + * +* + * +* + mj a sj am a s aerror a

R t R tR t R tt

c cτ

−−∆ = − """""""*34+"

Vq"qdvckp"vjg"fkuvcpeg"dkcu"fwg"vq"vjg"vkog"fgxkcvkqp."yg"jcxg"vjg"hqnnqykpi"eqpukfgtcvkqpu"

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

4 4

4 4

4 4

4 4

equ* + ukp* +

equ* + ukp* +

MJ s s

SJ s s

M s s

S s s

R X Z

R X B Z B

R X x Z z

R X B x Z B z

α α

α α

Ê = +ÍÍ = + + +ÍËÍ = − + −ÍÍ = + − + + −Ì

""*35+"

Dgecwug"vjg"u{pvjgvke"crgtvwtg"fwtcvkqp" ku" tgncvkxgn{"ujqtv" hqt"urcegdqtpg" KpUCT." vjg" kpgswcnkv{" [ ]MJ a aR v t>> "cpf"

1 4 1 4a aL v t L≥ ≥ − "jqnfu" hqt" [ ]MJ a aR v t y>> − ." MJR x>> ."

MJR y>> ." MJR z>> ." cpf" MJR B>> 0"Ceeqtfkpin{." wukpi" vjg"Vc{nqt"ugtkgu"gzrcpukqp."yg"jcxg"vjg"hqnnqykpi"crrtqzkocvkqp"*Cu"ujqyp"kp"Crrgpfkz"C+"""

4 4

4 4

* + * +* + . " * +4 4

* + * +* + . " * +4 4

a a a amj a MJ sj a SJ

MJ MJ

a a a am a M s a S

MJ MJ

v t v tR t R R t R

R R

v t y v t yR t R R t R

R R

Ê≈ + ≈ +Í

ÍË

− −Í ≈ + ≈ +ÍÌ

"""*36+"

"Ceeqtfkpi"vq"*34+"cpf"*36+."yg"ecp"fgtkxg"vjg"fkuvcpeg"dkcu"

* +error aR t∆ "tgncvgf"vq"vkog"fgxkcvkqp" * +error atτ∆ "cu""* + * + * + * +error a error a M S MJ SJR t c t R R R Rτ∆ = ∆ ≈ − − − """"""*37+"

Htqo" *37+." yg" mpqy" vjcv" vjg" fgegrvkxg" kpvgthgtgpegu" cv" vjg"uncxg" cpvgppc" fgxkcvg" htqo" tgcn" gejqgu" htqo" vjg" rtqvgevgf"uegpg."yjkng" vjgug"cv" vjg"ocuvgt"cpvgppc"eqorngvgn{"eqkpekfg"ykvj" vjg" eqttgurqpfkpi" tgcn" ukipcnu0" Vjg" fkuvcpeg" dkcu"

* +error aR t∆ "fgrgpfu" jgcxkn{" qp" vjg" dcugnkpg" cpf" vjg" tgncvkxg"rqukvkqp"qh"vyq"cpvgppcu."lcoogt"cpf"vjg"rtqvgevgf"uegpg."dwv"pqv"vjg"unqy"vkog" at 0"Wvknk¦kpi"vjg"u{uvgo"rctcogvgtu"nkuvgf"kp"Vcdng" K." vjg" tgncvkqpujkr" dgvyggp" fkuvcpeg" dkcu" cpf" fkuvcpeg"fkhhgtgpeg"qh"lcoogt"cpf"rtqvgevgf"uegpg"hqt"fkhhgtgpv"dcugnkpg"xcnwgu" ctg" ujqyp" kp" Hki0" 4." yjgtg" x∆ "cpf" z∆ "tgurgevkxgn{"tgrtgugpv" uwej" fkuvcpeg" fkhhgtgpegu" cnqpi" /czkux "cpf" /czkuz 0"Vjg" kpetgcukpi"fkuvcpeg"dgvyggp" lcoogt"cpf"rtqvgevgf"uegpg"tguwnvu" kp" nctigt" fkuvcpeg" dkcu0" Rctvkewnctn{" yjgp" 2x∆ = "cpf"

2z∆ = ." vjg" fkuvcpeg" dkcu" ku" pginkikdng0" Vjg" ceewtce{" qh"guvkocvkqp"gttqt"hqt"vjg"dcugnkpg"qh"422o."cu"ujqyp"kp"Hki0"5."knnwuvtcvgu"vjg"xcnkfkv{"qh"crrtqzkocvkqp"kp"*37+0"

Chvgt"kocikpi."vjg"fkuvcpeg"dkcu"ku"ocpkhguvgf"cu"vjg"rqukvkqp"dkcu"qh"vjg"hcnug"rqkpv"vctigv"cnqpi"vjg"tcpig"fkogpukqp0"Kp"qtfgt"vq" cejkgxg" eq/tgikuvtcvkqp" qh" vjg" vyq" fgegrvkxg" uegpgu." vjg"rqukvkqp"dkcu"cnqpi"vjg"tcpig"fkogpukqp"ujqwnf"dg"hct"nguu"vjcp"c" rkzgn" urcekpi" cpf" kv" ujqwnf" ucvkuh{" * + 3 1 *4 +error a rt Bτ <<∆ 0"Vjgtghqtg." x "cpf" z "ujqwnf"ucvkuh{"

" * + * +4M S MJ SJ

r

cR R R R

B+ −<<− """""""""""""""""*38+"

yjgtg" rB "ku"vjg"ukipcn"dcpfykfvj"qh"vjg"KpUCT"u{uvgo0"

Impact of Jammer Position on Azimuth Processing

Vjg" cdqxg" cpcn{uku" kpfkecvgu" vjcv" vjg" fgegrvkxg" uegpg"fgxkcvgu"htqo"vjg"lcoogf"rctv"kp"vjg"uncxg"kocig"cnqpi"tcpig."yjkng"uwej"fgegrvkqp"eqorngvgn{"eqxgtu" vjg" ucog"ctgc" kp" vjg"ocuvgt"kocig0"Yg"pqy"fgtkxg"vjg"Fqrrngt"htgswgpe{"dkcu"qh"vjg"hcnug"rqkpv" vctigv" kp" vjg" uncxg" kocig"d{"wukpi" vjg" knnwuvtcvkpi"igqogvt{." cpf" fkuewuu" vjg" kphnwgpeg" qh" c¦kowvj" ejktr" tcvg"guvkocvkqp"gttqt"qp"kocig"hqewukpi0""

1) Impact of Jammer Position on Doppler:

Kp"UCT"kocikpi."vjg"4/F"jkij"tguqnwvkqp"ku"cejkgxgf"d{"4/F"ocvejgf"hknvgtkpi"cpf"vjg"nctig"eqortguukqp"ickp"ku"qdvckpgf"d{"wvknk¦kpi"ejktr"ukipcnu0"Vjg"tgncvkxg"oqvkqp"dgvyggp"vctigvu"cpf"vjg"ucvgnnkvg"ngcfu"vq"vjg"Fqrrngt"ghhgev"yjkej"igpgtcvgu"ejktr"ukipcnu"cnqpi"vjg"c¦kowvj"fktgevkqp0"Kp"vjg"c¦kowvj"fkogpukqp."vjg"Fqrrngt"htgswgpe{"ucvkuhkgu"]38_"

* +4* + aa a

a

dR tf t

dtλ= − """""""""""""""""""""""""*39+"


6

yjgtg" λ "ku" vjg" ycxgngpivj0" Ceeqtfkpin{." vjg" Fqrrngt"htgswgpe{" dkcu" *Cu" ujqyp" kp" Crrgpfkz" D+" qh" vjg" fgegrvkxg"lcookpi"ukipcn"cv"vjg"uncxg"cpvgppc"ecp"dg"gzrtguugf"cu""

( )4

33 4

* +3* + error a a a aa a

a

d R t v t v ydf t d d

dtλ λ λ

∆∆ = − ≈ − − + ""*3:+"

ykvj" 33 3M S

dR R

= − "cpf" 43 3MJ SJ

dR R

= − 0" Hki0" 6" ujqyu" vjg"

Fqrrngt"htgswgpe{"dkcugu"hqt"fkhhgtgpv"lcookpi"rqukvkqpu"ykvj"fkhhgtgpv"dcugnkpg"xcnwgu0"Engctn{."vjg"kpetgcukpi"dcugnkpg"xcnwg"tguwnvu" kp" nctigt" Fqrrngt" htgswgpe{" dkcu0" Vjg" Fqrrngt"htgswgpe{" dkcu" yknn" dg" nctigt" cu" y∆ "kpetgcugu." yjkng" kv" ku"dcukecnn{" vjg" ucog" cu" x∆ "ejcpigu0" " Jqygxgt." uwej" Fqrrngt"htgswgpe{" dkcu" ku" uq" uocnn" vjcv" vjg" rqukvkqp" dkcu" qh" vjg" hcnug"rqkpv" vctigv" cnqpi" vjg" c¦kowvj" fkogpukqp" ecp" dg" kipqtgf" kp"rtcevkeg0""

2) Impact of Jammer Position on Limit of Azimuth Resolution:

Hqt" UCT" fgegrvkxg" lcookpi." vjg" lcoogt" kpvgtegrvu" ejktr"ukipcnu"vtcpuokvvgf"d{"vjg"KpUCT"u{uvgo."cpf"vjgp"tgvtcpuokvu"vjgo"chvgt"oqfwncvkqp0"Ukpeg"vjku"rtqeguu"fqgu"pqv"ejcpig"vjg"tcpig" ejktr" tcvg" qh" vjg" fgegrvkxg" lcookpi" ukipcn" cv" dqvj"cpvgppcu" qh" KpUCT." kocig" cnqpi" vjg" tcpig" fkogpukqp" ku"hqewugf0"Jqygxgt."kp"vjg"c¦kowvj"fkogpukqp."vjg"ejktr"tcvg"qh"vjg"fgegrvkxg"lcookpi"ukipcn"ku"nkvvng"fkhhgtgpv"htqo"vjg"qpg"qh"vjg" tgcn" gejq" ukipcn" cv" vjg" uncxg" cpvgppc0" Vjg" gttqt" qh" vjg"c¦kowvj"ejktr"tcvg"ucvkuhkgu"

( )2

4 4

3 44

* +3 2a

error a aa

a t t

d R t vK d d

dtλ λ=

∆∆ = − ≈ − − ≈ """""*3;+""

yjgtg" 2t "tgrtgugpvu" vjg" vkog" eqttgurqpfkpi" vq" vjg" pgctguv"fkuvcpeg" dgvyggp" vjg" cpvgppc" cpf" vjg" tgcn" rqkpv" vctigv" cpf"ucvkuhkgu" 2 1 at y v= 0"Gswcvkqp"*3;+"kpfkecvgu"vjcv"vjg"fghqewukpi"qh" vjg" hcnug" rqkpv" vctigv" kp" vjg" uncxg" kocig" ku" pginkikdng0"Vjgtghqtg." vjg" lcoogt" rqukvkqp" fqgu" pqv" chhgev" vjg" c¦kowvj"rtqeguukpi"qh"vjg"hcnug"rqkpv"vctigv0""

Interferometric Phase of SAR Deceptive Jamming

Cu"vjg"lcoogt"vtcpuokvu"vjg"UCT"fgegrvkxg"lcookpi"ukipcn"vq"KpUCT."vjg"fgegrvkxg"uegpgu"yknn"dg"igpgtcvgf"kp"vyq"UNE"kocigu0"Ukpeg"vjg"kpvgthgtqogvt{"ku"cejkgxgf"d{"ogcuwtkpi"vjg"rjcug"fkhhgtgpeg"dgvyggp"fwcn"UCT"kocigu."vjg"kpvgthgtqogvtke"rjcug" qh" vjg" fgegrvkxg" uegpgu" yknn" hwtvjgt" kphnwgpeg" rjcug"wpytcrrkpi"cpf"gngxcvkqp"kpxgtukqp0"Kh"vjg"rqukvkqp"dkcu"qh"vjg"eqttgurqpfkpi"fgegrvkxg"uegpgu"ku"dg{qpf"qpg"rkzgn"cnqpi"vjg"tcpig"fkogpukqp."vjg"eq/tgikuvtcvkqp"qh"vjgug"hcnug"rctvu"yknn"pqv"dg" cejkgxgf" cpf" vjg" fgegrvkxg" ctgc" kp" vjg" kpvgthgtqitco" ku"ujqyp"cu"rjcug"pqkug0""

Yg" pqy" eqpukfgt" vjg" urgekcn" ektewouvcpeg" yjgtg" vjg"rqukvkqp" dkcu" qh" fgegrvkxg" uegpgu" ku" kipqtgf" cpf" vjgug" hcnug"rctvu" ctg" ceewtcvgn{" eq/tgikuvgtgf0" Kp" qtfgt" vq" qdvckp" vjg"kpvgthgtqogvtke" rjcug" qh" vjg" hcnug" rqkpv" vctigv." vjg"eqttgurqpfkpi" kocikpi" tguwnvu" ctg" fgtkxgf" vjtqwij" 4/F"ocvejgf" hknvgtkpi0" Ceeqtfkpi" vq" *8+." vjg" kocigf" hcnug" rqkpv"vctigv"kp"vjg"ocvgt"kocig"ecp"dg"qdvckpgf"cu"

"

a

2

"""" * . +

4 6* . +ukp ukp * +gzr

M out r a

Mr a M

J t t

RGA x y c t c t t j R

c

πσ

λÃ Ô Ã Ô

= − − −Ä ÕÄ ÕÅ ÖÅ Ö

*42+"

yjgtg" A "tgrtgugpvu" vjg" eqortguukqp" ickp0" Kipqtkpi" vjg"rqukvkqp"dkcu"cnqpi"tcpig."vjg"kocikpi"qwvrwv"qh"vjg"fgegrvkxg"lcookpi"rctv"kp"vjg"uncxg"kocig"ecp"dg"gzrtguugf"cu"

( )

a 2

2 2

* . + * . + ukp ukp * +

6 4""""""""""""""""""""" gzr gzr

M SS out r a r a

M MJ SJ

R RJ t t GA x y c t c t t

c

j R j R R

σ

π π

λ λ

+Ã Ô≈ − −Ä Õ

Å ÖÃ Ô Ã Ô

⋅ − −Ä Õ Ä ÕÅ Ö Å Ö

"*43+"

ykvj""4 4 4

2MJ s sR X y Z= + + """"""""""""""""""""""""*43c+"

( ) ( )4 44

2 equ* + ukp* +SJ s sR X B y Z Bα α= + + + + """*43d+"

Chvgt" eq/tgikuvtcvkqp."yg" fgtkxg" vjg" rjcug" fkhhgtgpeg" qh" *42+"cpf"*43+"vjtqwij"eqplwicvg"ownvkrnkecvkqp"cu"

( ) ( )2 24 4

MJ SJ MJ SJR R R Rπ π

φλ λ

∆ = − − ≈ − − """"""""*44+"

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"

5/F"FGEGRVKXG"LCOOKPI"CNIQTKVJO""Kp" ugevkqp" KK." kv" jcu" dggp" ujqyp" vjcv" vjg" UCT" fgegrvkxg"

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Constant Terms for the Two Jammers

Yg" pqy" eqodkpg" vjg" vyq" lcoogtu" 3J "cpf" 4J "vq" rtqfweg"5/F" fgegrvkxg" uegpg0" Uwrrqug" vjcv" vjg" fgegrvkxg" lcookpi"ukipcnu" qh" vjg" vyq" lcoogtu" ctg" ownvkrnkgf" ykvj" fkhhgtgpv"


7

eqorngz"eqpuvcpvu0"Ceeqtfkpi"vq"*42+." vjg"4/F"ocvejgf"hknvgt"qwvrwv"hqt"vjg"fgegrvkxg"lcookpi"ukipcn"vtcpuokvvgf"d{" 3J "cpf"tgegkxgf"d{"vjg"ocuvgt"cpvgppc"ecp"dg"gzrtguugf"cu"

a

2

* . + * . +

4 6ukp ukp * +gzr * . +

M out r a

Mr a M

J t t GA x y

Rc t c t t j R U x y

c

σ

π

λ

=

Ã Ô Ã Ô⋅ − − − ⋅Ä ÕÄ Õ

Å ÖÅ Ö

""*45+"

yjgtg" * . +U x y "ku" vjg" eqorngz" eqpuvcpv" igpgtcvgf" d{" 3J 0" Cu"vjg" lcoogt" 3J "ku" rncegf" wpfgt" vjg" eqpfkvkqp" qh" *38+." vjg"rqukvkqp" dkcu" qh" vjg" hcnug" vctigv" kp" vjg" uncxg" kocig" ecp" dg"kipqtgf0"Vjgp."ceeqtfkpi"vq"*43+." vjg"hcnug"rqkpv" vctigv" kp" vjg"uncxg"kocig"ku"ikxgp"d{"

( )

a 2

2 2

* . + * . + ukp ukp * +

6 4gzr gzr * . +

M SS out r a r a

M MJ SJ


c

j R j R R U x y

σ

π π

λ λ

+Ã Ô≈ − −Ä Õ

Å ÖÃ Ô Ã Ô

⋅ − − ⋅Ä Õ Ä ÕÅ Ö Å Ö

*46+"

Ukoknctn{."hqt"vjg"ucog"rtqvgevgf"vctigv."vjg"kocigf"fgegrvkxg"lcookpi"htqo" 4J "hqt"fwcn"cpvgppcu"ctg"tgurgevkxgn{"gzrtguugf"cu"

a

2

* . + * . +

4 6ukp ukp * +gzr * . +

M out r a

Mr a M

J t t GA x y

Rc t c t t j R V x y

c

σ

π

λ

′ =

Ã Ô Ã Ô⋅ − − − ⋅Ä ÕÄ Õ

Å ÖÅ Ö

"*47+"

( )

a 2

2 2

* . + * . + ukp ukp * +

6 4gzr gzr * . +

M SS out r a r a

M MJ SJ


c

j R j R R V x y

σ

π π

λ λ

+Ã Ô′ = − −Ä ÕÅ Ö

Ã Ô Ã Ô′ ′⋅ − − ⋅Ä Õ Ä ÕÅ Ö Å Ö

"*48+"

Vjgtghqtg."yg"jcxg""

( )

a a a

2

"""" * . + * . + * . +


""" * . + * . +

M sum r a M out r a M out r a

Mr a M

J t t J t t J t t


c

U x y V x y

πσ

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Analysis of Position Bias

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SAR Deceptive Effects on Imaging and Interferometry

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3-D Deceptive Jamming Based on Three-Step Processing

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Research of 3-D Deceptive Interfering Method for Single-Pass ...

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