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Impact Factor – 6.261 ISSN – 2348-7143

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RESEARCH JOURNEY International E-Research Journal

PEER REFREED & INDEXED JOURNAL

February-2019 Special Issue – 110 (A)

SWATIDHAN INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS

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Guest Editor : Dr. F. C. Raghuwanshi Principal, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalya, Amarawati

Executive Editors of the Issue : Dr. V. P.Gudadh, Prof & Head Dept. Of Library and information Science SGBAU Amravati

Dr R.R.Khokle, Librarian Shri Shivaji Science College Amravati

Dr.V.R.Shekhawat, Librarian Vidyabharati Mahavidyalya Amravati

Dr A.D.Wankhade, Librarian Mahatma Jotibaphule Mahavidyalya Amravati

Mr V.T. Adlok, Librarian Late Dattatraya Pusadkar Arts College Nandgaopeth Amravati Chief Editor : Dr. Dhanraj Dhangar (Yeola)

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Editorial Board Chief Editor - Executive Editors : Dr. Dhanraj T. Dhangar, Prof. Tejesh Beldar, Nashikroad (English) Assist. Prof. (Marathi) Dr. Gajanan Wankhede, Kinwat (Hindi) MGV’S Arts & Commerce College, Mrs. Bharati Sonawane-Nile, Bhusawal (Marathi) Yeola, Dist – Nashik [M.S.] INDIA Dr. Rajay Pawar, Goa (Konkani)

Co-Editors -

Mr.Tufail Ahmed Shaikh- King Abdul Aziz City for Science & Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dr. Anil Dongre - Head, Deptt. of Management, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon Dr. Shailendra Lende - R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur [M.S.] India Dr. Dilip Pawar - BoS Member (SPPU), Dept. of Marathi, KTHM College, Nashik. Dr. R. R. Kazi - North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. Prof. Vinay Madgaonkar - Dept. of Marathi, Goa University, Goa, India Prof. Sushant Naik - Dept. of Konkani, Govt. College, Kepe, Goa, India Dr. G. Haresh - Associate Professor, CSIBER, Kolhapur [M.S.] India Dr. Munaf Shaikh - N. M. University, Jalgaon & Visiting Faculty M. J. C. Jalgaon Dr. Samjay Kamble -BoS Member Hindi (Ch.SU, Kolhapur), T.K. Kolekar College, Nesari Prof. Vijay Shirsath - Nanasaheb Y. N. Chavhan College, Chalisgaon [M.S.] Dr. P. K. Shewale - Vice Principal, Arts, Science, Commerce College, Harsul [M.S.] Dr. Ganesh Patil - M.V.P.‘s, SSSM, ASC College, Saikheda, Dist. Nashik [M.S.] Dr. Hitesh Brijwasi - Librarian, K.A.K.P. Com. & Sci. College, Jalgaon [M.S.] Dr. Sandip Mali - Sant Muktabai Arts & Commerce College, Muktainagar [M.S.] Prof. Dipak Patil - S.S.V.P.S.‘s Arts, Sci. and Com. College, Shindhkheda [M.S.] Advisory Board - Dr. Marianna kosic - Scientific-Cultural Institute, Mandala, Trieste, Italy. Dr. M.S. Pagare - Director, School of Languages Studies, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon

Dr. R. P. Singh -HoD, English & European Languages, University of Lucknow [U.P.] India Dr. S. M. Tadkodkar - Rtd. Professor & Head, Dept. of Marathi, Goa University, Goa, India. Dr. Pruthwiraj Taur - Chairman, BoS., Marathi, S.R.T. University, Nanded. Dr. N. V. Jayaraman - Director at SNS group of Technical Institutions,Coimbatore Dr. Bajarang Korde - Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune, [M.S.] India Dr. Leena Pandhare - Principal, NSPM‘s LBRD Arts & Commerce Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Nashik Road

Dr. B. V. Game - Act. Principal, MGV‘s Arts and Commerce College, Yeola, Dist. Nashik.

Review Committee - Dr. J. S. More – BoS Member (SPPU), Dept. of Hindi, K.J.Somaiyya College, Kopargaon Dr. S. B. Bhambar, BoS Member Ch.SU, Kolhapur, T.K. Kolekar College, Nesari Dr. Uttam V. Nile - BoS Member (NMU, Jalgaon) P.S.G.V.P. Mandals ACS College, Shahada Dr. K.T. Khairnar– BoS Member (SPPU), Dept. of Commerce, L.V.H. College, Panchavati Dr. Vandana Chaudhari KCE‘s College of Education, Jalgaon Dr. Sayyed Zakir Ali , HOD, Urdu & Arabic Languages, H. J. Thim College, Jalgaon Dr. Sanjay Dhondare – Dept. of Hindi, Abhay Womens College, Dhule Dr. Amol Kategaonkar – M.V.P.S.‘s G.M.D. Arts, B.W. Commerce & Science College, Sinnar.

Published by – © Mrs. Swati Dhanraj Sonawane, Director, Swatidhan International Publication, Yeola, Nashik

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INDEX

No. Title of the Paper Author’s Name Page No

1 Evaluation of Judicial Information System (JUDIS) Dr. Sanjay H. Bhoge Librarian & Dr. Mahendra V. Mete 07

2 A Review of Knowledge Management in Academic Library Dr. Sonali Abhay Deshmukh 10

3 Self Publishing : A new trend in Book Publication Dr. Atul R. Sidurkar 14

4 Impact of Internet on Reading Habits of Political Science Departmentstudents in Savitribai Phule Pune Universityby

Dr. ShilpaGawande & Mr. Rohidas B. Rathod 16

5 Big Data Management in Academic Libraries Dr. Neeta A. Kene 19 6 Knowledge Management in Academic Library Ranjana K. Jawanjal 22

7 Institutional Repositories : A New Platform in Scholarly Communication Dr Sanjay N. Wagh 26

8 Contents of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries Dr. Sanjay Shenmare, 30

9 Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: E-Learning Environment Dr. Mrs. Smita D. Suryawanshi 35

10 Role of INFLIBNET in Development of Academic Library Arvind S. Pazare 39

11 Bibliometrics Study of ―Finance India‖ Journal Dr. Nitesh V. Chore 43 12 Knowledge Management in Libraries Dr. Vilas P. Ubhale & Mr. Manoj Sonone 48

13 Citation Analysis of Doctoral Theses in Social Work Dr. Prince Ajaykumar T. Agashe & Dr. Pritam B. Gedam 52

14 Role of Librarian as NAAC Coordinator While Facing NAAC: A Practical Experience Dr. Sachin G. Mahajan 58

15 Challenges Face to Implement Knowledge Management System : A Survey of Academic Libraries of Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur,

Dr. Sanjay Madhukarrao Salwe 63

16 Information Literacy Assessment of Post Graduation Students of Departments of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati

Swati Sanjayrao Kandalkar& Dr. Vaishali P. Gudadhe 79

17 College and Research Libraries Journal: A Bibliometric Study Mrs. Supriya A. Bejalwar & Mr. Mangesh V. Lad 85

18 Knowledge Management System and Academic Libraries in IT Era Dr. Virendrakumar L. Barde 94

19 Implementing Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries Prof. Sushma R. Mawande 98

20 Knowledge Management in Libraries Dr.Narendra A. Thakare 102 21 Knowledge Management in New Digital Scenario Nitin S. Satpute 104

22 Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries

Dr Pranali M Pete & Mr Ashish Gawande 108

23 Adopting Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries R.H.Wankhade 113

24 An Evaluation of Staffing Pattern of Engineering College Libraries in Rest of Maharashtra Milind B.Anasane 117

25 Knowledge Management System in College Library Sandeep A Lande 124

26 Information Seeking Behavior of Post Graduate Stuents ofsant Gadge Baba Amravati University,Amravati Vrushabh Surendrarao Dahake, 130

27 Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum Library Manglore: A Study 135






Rajendra Pahade

28 Role And Resoposibility of Library Professionals For Knowledge Management R.G.Baheti 140

29 Importance of open Access for Academic Libraries Sangita Vinod Dhandar 143

30 Knowledge Management System in Academic Libraries in 21st Century. Suresh K. Ingle, 146

31 Library and Information Science Education in India: Issues and Trends Prof. Swapnil Haribhau Dandade 150

32 Role of Library in Changing Society Prof. U. J. Gawande 153 33 Knowledge Management in Academic Library Mangesh R.Ubale 157

34 Change Management in Libraries & Information Center to Survive in Technical Age Chetan V. Shirbhate 161

35 Knowledge Management in Academic Library in Present Era Mr. Kamlesh R. Patil 166

36 Knowledge Management System in Academic Libraries Porf. Vandana S. Hiwase (Gawande) 171

37 Use of Libsys for Libraryknowledge Management Mr. Anil .R. meshram 174 38 Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries Ravindrasingh.V.Tomar 176

39 Resource Sharing and Knowledge Management System in Acadamic Libraries Dr. Vishalsingh R Shekhawat 179

40

A Study on Awareness and Access of E-Resources Through N-LIST Programme Among the Students of Vidyapratishthan‘s Arts, Science and Commerce College

Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University Ms. Ghodake Alka R., & Mr. Rathod Rohidas B.B.

183

41 Cloud Computing in Libraries Sanjay Yadav, 188

42 Overview of Plagiarism Checkers and Plagiarism Detection Tools: A Study Dr. Sudhir S. Patil & Dr. Hemant Yeole 193

43 Emerging Trends and Technologies in Library and Information Science Domain Dr. Deepali C. Gaikwad 201

44 Information Literacy Integration in Education System: Role of Academic Libraries In Digital Age Dr.Shirish M. Deshpande 204

45 The Research Productivity At the ‗Researchgate‘ Score on Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University: An Analysis

Dr Rahul K. Deshmukh & Mr. Shivraj B. Deshmukh 210

46 The Blended Librarianship Dr. (Ms) Revati R. Khokale 218 47 Development of E-Learning In India Dr. Nilesh V. Gore 220 48 Smart Library in 21st Century Mangesh P. Deshmukh 225

49 The Impact of Information Techonology on Library Manegement & the Challenges Before Academic Libraries Dr. Vandana R. Khakre 230

50 The Deep Web : An overview Dr. Vijay Ganeshrao Wardikar 235

51 Role of Librarian in the Changing world of Digital Environments Dr. Ravikant N. Mahindkar 241

52 Use of Qr Code Technology in Library Dr. Avinash Uttamrao Jadhao 245 53 Current Trends in Library Science Dr. Dipali Deshmukh 249

54 Application of Social Media in Academic Libraries Dr. Prabhakar S. Mohe, 252

55 Quality Management in Libraries And Impact of ICT Dinesh T. Sakhare 257 56 E-Resources, Concepts and Use: An Overview Dr.Harshal R.Nimbhorkar 261 57 Role of RFID In Library Dr. R. R. Dhuldhule & Dr. Vilas P. Ubhale 265






58 Information Communication Technology in Library Prof. Mahendrasing M. Chavan. 268

59 Soft Skill For Library Professionals in the Modern Era Mr. Laxmikant M. Satpute 272 60 Use of E-Resources in Libraries Pratiksha U. Deshmukh 276 61 Role of Information Literacy in Digital Age Satish K. Chandel, 282

62 Changing Role of Academic Libraries in the E- Learning Process Shubangi P. Ingole 287

63 Current Trend: Role of Librarians in the Virtual Library Environment Prof. Surendra D. Awathare 291

64 Use of Mobile Technology in Library for Providing Library Services Shekhar G Dixit 294

65 Use of Social Networking Sites and it Application in Library Ku. Chhaya A. Khanzode & Dr. Ravindra D. Sarode 300

66 Development of Ict in Library and Information Services Dr. Pallavi D. Chopde 308

67 State of the Art of Library Automation: An Evaluative Study of KRC Solapur and KRC Gondwana University

Rushikumar R. Kuralkar & Dr. Vaishali Praful Gudadhe (Choukhande) 311

68 Online Marketing of Library Services: Effective Types of Digital Marketing Dr. Jugal Eknathrao Maldhure 318

69 Use of E-Resources in College Libraries : A Study Umesh S. Kurhade 322

70 Current Trends in Libraries in the Age of Information Communication Technology Use of Web Tools Dr.Prashant S.Thakare 327

71 Role of E-Resources in Research Libraries Mr.Umesh D. Band 331

72 Digital Document Creation: A Modern Trend of Information Service Mr.Umesh A. Khadse 335

73 Information Literacy and Continuing Education: A Teacher‘sviews Meena Vaidya 341

74 A Challenge to Librarian to Motive Students For More use of Library in Current Era Mr.Rajesh Gedam 344

75 Switch to Smart Education Through Moocs in Knowledge Management Era Pravin Madhaorao Dongare 349

76 The Impact of Internet of Things (Iot) in Academic Library Mr. Ashish V. Chaudhari 359

77 Web Based Library Services : An Overview Anita P. Patil 362

78 Current Trends in Library and Information Science Education and Research in India Jitendra R. Dange 367

79 Recent Trend in N-LIST and NDL

Mr. Manoj P. Waghmare& Mr. Avinash G. Yette 370

80 Impact of ICT on Developing Reading Styles and Habits Among School Students In Amravati Division Mr. Rohidas B. Rathod 375

81 Implementation of Qr Code At Shankar Narayan College of Arts And Commerce, Bhaindar (E) Thane Library: A Case Study Sandesh Madhaorao Dongare 380

82 Open Source Software: Library Automation At Free Of Cost Vikas T. Adlok 386

83 Impact of ICT And Necessity of Information Literacy For Academic Libraries Dr. Atul D. Wankhade 395

84 Uses of Digitazation Transformation of Educational Library And It‘s Resources Niranjan Bhaurao Meshram 398

85 Current Trends in Library and Information Science Prof. Mukund V. Katole 401

86 Application of Mobile Technology in Library Services: A Case Study Mr. Mangesh S. Junghare & Mr. Pankaj Raut+ 405

87 Knowledge Management: Role of Academic Libraries Ms. Savita B. Bonde. 411






Our Editors have reviewed paper with experts‟ committee, and they have checked the papers

on their level best to stop furtive literature. Except it, the respective authors of the papers are responsible for originality of the papers and intensive thoughts in the papers. Nobody can republish these papers without pre-permission of the publisher.

- Chief & Executive Editor

88 Knowledge Management System in Academic Libraries Santosh P.Waghade & Sunil P. Dhage 415

89 Trends in Publication Productivity of Science Faculty, 2010-2013 Sonal D. Utane & Dr. (Mrs.) Vaishali P. Gudaddhe 421






Evaluation of Judicial Information System (JUDIS)

Dr. Sanjay H. Bhoge Librarian

Dr. Mahendra V. Mete Panjabrao Deshmukh College of Law Amravati

Librarian Shri Shivaji Arts & Commerce College Amravati

Judgment Information System: JUDIS is developed by National Informatics Center using the DSpace digital repository

software. Judgment information system (JUDIS) comprising the judgments of the supreme court of India .Several high courts has been designed and developed using an open source software DSpace. It has been launched with 10 years judgment data of Supreme Court of India from JUDIS website and updated on monthly basis. Currently there are more than 126000 records of Supreme Court; several high courts have been uploaded to the server and accessible with free text search facility. The Judgment Information system consists of the Judgments of the Supreme Court of India and several High Courts. In the case of the Supreme Court all reported judgments which are published in SCR Journal, since its inception i.e. 1950 till date are available. The Judgments reported in SCR till 1993 also have head-notes. The Judgments reported in SCR till 1994 and later have only text Judgments without head-notes. Structure of JUDIS:

CAUSELISTS COURT WEBSITE

INDIA CODE

INDIAN COURT

CASE STATUS

Daily Orders

Judgment

Supreme Court

Supreme Court

Supreme Court

Supreme Court

Central Act Indian Judiciary

High Court

High Court

High Court

High Court State Act IT in Judiciary

District Court

District Court

District Court

District Court

Ministry of Law

Tribunals (CAT)

Causelists:

Causelists are scheduling of cases to be heard by the courts on following day. The Causelists of Supreme Court of India and all 21 High Courts are available on NIC web Servers. As the Supreme Court of India and all the high courts and their benches are fully computerized,






all these courts generate Daily and weekly Causelists through the available ICT facilities. This is a near time critical application in all the Courts.

Features: 1. Advocates can generate their own Causelists consisting of his/her own cases. 2. Information retrieval through the name of either petitioner or respondent is possible. 3. Court wise list can be generated. 4. Judge Wise list can be generated 5. Entire Causelist can be printed, if required. 6. Case No. wise access is possible.

Case Status: This site provides the latest status of a case either pending or disposed by the Supreme

Court or any other High Court in the country. The required information is derived from the databases of the concerned courts. It also provides Daily orders & these orders are available as soon as the orders are signed by the court. Cases can be retrieved through:

i. Case No. ii. Title (Petitioner/respondent Name) iii. Advocate name iv. Lower court details

Indian Courts –Causelists: The „Indian courts‟ is a bouquet of Web Sites of the Supreme Court and all 21 High

Courts and their Benches in India. It provides a single point access to information related to the Supreme Court and any High Court in India.

Supreme Court of India The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V,

Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. According to the Constitution of India, the role of the Supreme Court of India is that of a federal court, guardian of the Constitution and the highest court of appeal.

High Courts of India The High Courts are the principal civil courts of original jurisdiction in the state, and can

try all offences including thosepunishable with death. The work of most High Courts consists of Appeals from lowers courts and writ petitions in terms of Article 226 of the Constitution of India.

District Courts of India The District Courts of India are presided over by a judge. They administer justice in India

at a district level. These courts are under administrative and judicial control of the High Court of the State to which the district concerned belongs

Tribunals Tribunal is a generic term for anybody acting judicially, whether or not it is called a

tribunal in its title. For example, an advocate appearing before a Court on whom a single Judge was sitting could describe that judge as 'their tribunal'.






India Code: The India Code Information System contains all Central Acts of Parliament right from

1834 onwards. Each Act includes: Short Title, Enactment Date, Sections, Schedule and also Footnotes. Besides this, Statement of Objects and Reasons (SOR), Table of contents and Status of an Act is also available in India Code.

Conclusion: Judgments Information system is useful for law professionals, students and teachers in

law. It is available in public domain and can be accessed by common layman.

References: 1. Agarwal, Shipra, (2016) ―Legal Research Methodology‖, Allahabad Law Agency,

Faridabad. 2. Agarwala, B.R, (2004) ―our Judiciary, 3rd ed, National Books Trust, India pp. 43-44 3. BharadwajRajkumar and Madhusudhan , M (2013) , "Open Access Legal information

sources and their use by students of National Law University." Annals of Library and Information Studies .Vol.60. P. 314-319.

4. Bharadwaj, R.K. (2012), Online legal information systems in India .A case study from the faculty of law, University of Delhi, legal Information Management, 12(2) 137-150.

5. http://www.judis.in






A Review of Knowledge Management in Academic Library

Dr. Sonali Abhay Deshmukh Librarian

Shri Shivaji Agriculture College, Amravati [email protected]

Abstract— Academic libraries are information centers established in support of the mission of their

parent institutions to generate knowledge, and people equipped with knowledge in order to serve the society. The concept of knowledge based economy has generated remarkable change recent days. Knowledge management is a process of knowledge creation and modernization through an efficient organization and sufficient exploitation of information and knowledge resources. Define Knowledge, Management and Knowledge Management. The main objective of knowledge management in libraries is to promote knowledge innovation. Presented the Role of Library Professional in Knowledge Management framework. Over the past few years, the Web has had a tremendous effect on the growth of information and the speed of transmission Although KM is a useful tool, there are some potential obstacles to implementing this in academic libraries.

Keywords: Knowledge management, Knowledge Management System, Academic Library, Knowledge Centers.

Introduction: Knowledge is generated, classified and modified. It may be indexed and shared.

Knowledge management may be defined as a process of creating, storing, sharing and reusing organizational knowledge to enable an organization to achieve its goals and objectives. The concept of knowledge based economy has generated remarkable change recent days. Knowledge management is a process of knowledge creation and modernization through an efficient organization and sufficient exploitation of information and knowledge resources. Knowledge management in libraries ought to be focused on effective study and development of knowledge, creation of knowledge supports, exchange and sharing of knowledge between library staff members including users, training of library staff, speeding up explicit processing of the implicit knowledge and realizing of its sharing.

Knowledge Knowledge is a product of human experience and it can be defined as the management of

creating, sustaining, applying, and renewing knowledge resources of an organization including its relationship with seeker and service provider. Knowledge can be broadly divided into two types:

1. Tacit knowledge, and 2. Explicit knowledge

Management Management is a mental process. Management as the process of coordinating total

resources of an organization towards the accomplishment of desired goals of that organization






through the execution of a group of inter-related functions such as planning, organization, staffing, directing and controlling

Knowledge Management Knowledge Management is a process, which deals with knowledge creation, acquisition,

packaging and application or reuse of knowledge. It is basically consists of the following four steps:

Knowledge Collection Organization Data protection and presentation

Dissemination of Knowledge Information Knowledge Management is the way to keep knowledge growing through sharing and such sharing is best done either in material or human terms. The relationship between the knowledge and social development can be understood with the help of the following flowing chart: Knowledge Creation Understanding Knowledge Knowledge Processing Pricing for Knowledge Knowledge Enhancement Knowledge Distribution Generating Wealth Development of Human Society

Definitions According to Srinivasan, ―Knowledge Management refers to a collection of process,

technologies and principles that serves to promote a learning environment supportive of the search community goal.‖ Knowledge Management is the process of capturing value, knowledge

and understanding of corporate information, using IT systems, in order to maintain, re-use and re-deploy that knowledge. [Source: OIC Document Management] Knowledge Management is the systematic process of finding, selecting, organizing, distilling and presenting information in a way that improves an employee‘s comprehension in a specific area of

interest. [Source: Knowledge Management Server]

Concepts of Knowledge Management: Data → Information → Knowledge, and → Wisdom The following chart indicates how

knowledge can be transferred as wisdom Connectedness Understanding

Information Understanding

Relations

Knowledge Understanding

Patterns

Wisdom Understanding

Principles

Data






Figure : 1 Conceptual Progression from data to Wisdom. (Source : Filemon A. Uriarte Jr., ―Introduction ot Knowledge Management‖, ASEAN Foundation,2008.)

Objectives of KM The main objective of knowledge management in libraries is to promote knowledge

innovation. The purpose of KM is to deliver the right information to the right person at the right time. Other objectives are;

1. To create knowledge repositories; 2. To promote scientific research; 3. To promote relationship between library and users; 4. To enhance the knowledge environment and 5. To improve Service capability of Faculty and staff of Libraries in the electronic

environment.

Role of Library Professional in Knowledge Management framework: 1. Library professionals seek to accomplish following tasks: 2. Able to deal with new technology. 3. Generating new knowledge. 4. Expert in capturing and transferring of information. 5. Sharing knowledge without any geographical limitation. 6. Manage knowledge as an asset. 7. Representing knowledge in documents and database.

Changing environment and issues facing academic libraries Multiple formats of information

The rapid growth of information and communication technologies (ICTs) are said to be changing the way academic libraries operate today. Academic library collections are no longer collections comprised almost entirely of printed materials but collections comprised almost of materials in multiple formats and media (Budd, 1998). Information technologies such as computers, multimedia and CD-ROMs are bringing unprecedented abilities to academic libraries in providing services and resources to the university community. Over the past few years, the Web has had a tremendous effect on the growth of information and the speed of transmission. The problem with the Web is that, there is no real organisation of information like in the case of libraries. New means to deliver information over the Web places a challenge to academic librarians in terms of helping students make sense of information found on websites.

Another challenge facing academic libraries in the networked online environment is to exploit all forms of digital and telecommunication technologies and find new ways and means to provide feasible forms of collections; services and access to library materials (Foo et al., 2002). These technologies however, require greater responsibility to academic librarians. The challenge for academic librarians is to manage services, which offer users a carefully selected mix of multiple formats and media. Academic libraries should rethink their role in the whole university community. There is a need to support the needs of the users since the teaching and learning patterns in universities have changed. As information and research resources become more varied, this places a challenge to academic libraries. Hazen (2000) argued that the changes in the nature of information, in research strategies and in the structure of higher education are affecting






academic libraries. These changes define much of the shifting context within which academic libraries must operate. The changes brought by electronic media necessitate transformation in the way librarians think about their jobs, the users of information and communication process of which they are part of (Budd 1998, p.270). Academic librarians must strive to remain competent navigators of each medium on order to assist the library users.

Knowledge Management Obstacles Although KM is a useful tool, there are some potential obstacles to implementing this in

academic libraries. The challenge of tacit knowledge has been discussed earlier, but also the challenge of motivating employees must be considered. Mapping of competencies will often also map out lack of competencies. This could, in some cases, even demotivate employees. Also, knowledge is difficult to measure. ―The choice of which KM strategy to pursue is typically based on other strategic thrusts and the value discipline that the enterprise pursues, challenges it faces, and opportunities it wishes to act upon‖ (Wiig, 1997, p. 9). One size does not fit all, and

knowledge management must be adjusted to its settings in order to be of use. This being said, elements of knowledge management will, in all likelihood, be of value when working with knowledge and information enterprises, including academic libraries.

Conclusion Academic libraries are thus playing a vital role in crossing the borders, the key to opening

all gateways to knowledge. Librarians should train themselves and their staff to develop the appropriate knowledge management systems and use information technologies to equipped libraries to provide better, faster and pinpointed services to its clients/ users. Knowledge Management helps library and information professionals in improving the services being rendered to their users. Information professionals have to recast their roles as knowledge professional. The librarian‘s roles should not be limited to being the custodians of information

but they have to acquire skills to keep themselves updated so as to cope intelligently and objectively with the effective and efficient knowledge management in Academic libraries. References :-

a. Raja Md. Wasim (2009) Knowledge Management and Academic Libraries in IT Era : Problems and Positions, ICAL 2009 – POSTER PAPERS

b. Sinha Aruna (2014) Knowledge Management in Academic Library Journal of Indian Research (ISSN:2320-7000) Vol-2, No.-1 January- March,2014,123-125

c. Wiig, K.M. (1993). Knowledge management foundations: thinking about thinking— how people and organizations create, represent, and use knowledge. Arlington, Tex.: Schema Press.

d. Wiig, K.M. (1997). Knowledge management: an introduction and perspective. Journal of Knowledge Management, 1(1),






Self Publishing : A new trend in Book Publication

Dr. Atul R. Sidurkar H.o.D, Library & Inf. Centre.

Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Wardha [email protected]

9890804471 Abstract :

World experience tells us that in the knowledge driven economy of today, only those nations are developed and found to progress faster which have world class universities and colleges. It is mainly because those world class universities and colleges produce quality teaching and standard research publication. Colleges and universities are seriously thinking and implementing many practices to enhance the educational qualities and research. Self publication is one of the major tool which can be very useful in achieving this aim. It has multiple advantages. This paper highlights advantages of self publication in details.

Keywords:- research, publication, e-books, marketing We are living in the techno driven society. It is assumed that habit of reading is drastically

declining due to invention of internet, but new research and survey reveals that it is not true. The readers have been rapidly increasing. The sale of Books and E- Books have been increasing. This has completely broken our myth about reading. The assumption of replacing traditional library with digital library has also been proven wrong. The massive increase in number of reader has given a wide scope for writing and publication.

Nelsen estimates the sector is now worth $6.76 billion. Led by educational books, the sector is set to grow at an average compound annual growth rate of 19.3% until 2020. India‘s

GDP growth of 7.1%—the fastest among major economies—is fuelling a boom in book sales. Indian publishing successes, in return, can help provide insights into the country‘s growth and

consumer confidence. There has definitely been a huge jump in the size of the [publishing] industry in terms of

book sales and the number of books being published,‖ said Mita Kapur, the founder of Siyahi, a

literary agency, who says the number of books published in English is growing by 30 percent a year.‘A Google search on Indian publishing industry will usually reveal all three news reports. Each of them is impressive, leading to a perception that Indian publishing is robust — 30% annual growth rate is astounding for any sector, anywhere in the world, really.

The Nielsen released a report: ‗India is the sixth-largest book market in the world, and currently the second largest for

books in English, behind the United States… Nielsen‘s survey among urban consumers shows

that they buy more educational books than trade books.The educational books sector, which forms 70 percent of the book market in India, is the bulwark for the publishing industry…Out of the

9,037 publishers identified in the Nielsen report, 8,107 publish books for schools, colleges and higher educational institutions. Only 930 are trade publishers…the schoolbooks market in 2013–

14 was worth Rs. 18,600 crore, and the market for books for higher education was valued at Rs. 5,600 crore in the same period.The trade books market was valued at Rs. 1,860 crore, a figure which would no doubt be higher if publishers not covered by BookScan, especially those who


https://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/24/as-book-sales-grow-publishers-flock-to-india/?_r=0




http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reviews-essays/numbers-and-letters-india-publishing-industry














publish books in Indian languages, were added to the count. But educational publishing would still make for a large portion of the entire book market.‘

To publish a book publisher is the one of the important aspect one has to look for. Author has to decide about the copyright and marketing rights. But due to digital screen new trends of writing and reading has emerged. It is widely adopted by the new authors. If anyone has the interest of writing and want to publish the book then self publishing is a best option. But the most important thing one has to keep in mind is the proper planning. Self publishing is not only limited to the publication but also it is can be used for e-books, albums, pamphlets, brousher, and video content. Uploading image on the website is also the part of self publishing. The most important aspect one has to keep in mind that regular writing practice is necessary if someone want to establish as a writer. One can become a successful writer with the quality work. Self publishing requires the assistance of Professionals like Development Editor, Copy Editor, Proof Reader, Cover Designer and promoter who can enhance the quality of the work.

Online Presence :- Author should use the online platform like various social media tool, internet and website

to promote his/ her writing work. Your online presence would make a online network where reader could access your work easily.

Marketing : Use following methods for market your publication. 1. Create Blog 2. Take the help of giveaways 3. Publish series of successful books 4. Use Book Reviews

Knowing the Reader :- Author should constantly take the reviews and feedback form the reader. Online Review

and star rating can give you clear idea of you work.

Use Free Resources : There are many online publishers like Kindle Direct Publishing who help to publish e

books on their site without any charges. They also give you the Royalty.

Helpful Platform in Book Publishing:- 1. Amazon Greatspace 2. Kindles Direct Press 3. Lulu 4. Notion Press 5. Blue Roz Printers

Above mention platform helps in Book Publishing, Selling, Printing, Pro-designing, Copy writing, Top Notch Printing and marketing.

References:- a. https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/CGbcF5G9yLrFLfvahGugcJ/Indias-book-buying-

habits-say-a-lot-about-the-countrys-eco.html b. https://medium.com/@amishmulmi/is-indian-publishing-really-growing-at-30-percent-

per-year-6c092eded80a








Impact of Internet on Reading Habits of Political Science Departmentstudents in Savitribai Phule Pune Universityby

Dr. Shilpa Gawande Mr. Rohidas B. Rathod

Librarian, DIMR, PunePh. E-mail:- [email protected]

D. Research Scholar, S. P. Pune University

E-mail:- [email protected]

Abstract:- The aim of the present study is to know the “Impact of Internet on Reading Habits of

Political Science Department Students in Savitribai Phule Pune University”. It has been carried

out to know the use of library by the Political Science department students of SPPU. The finding shows that 56% students use library only for examine purpose. Most of the students use library for reading newspapers. Most of the students use Jayakar library than Department library. Students are fully satisfied with library services but the working hours of the library should be increase.

Keywords:Reading habits, Internet use, Digital Library, New Media, Unipune, etc.

Preamble:- Reading, nowadaysin 21st century networked society is not just confined to printed

materials reading. The main medium for traditional reading culture was the printed publications. The Internet has become the main aspect that changes the traditional reading habits of the readers. The words of knowledge have been passed on through generations as humans have been reading since ages. Major changes in the fundamentally oral society were brought about by the advent of Gutenberg printing press. It was definitely a great jump in humanity‘s onward march

and the beginning of transformation from oral society to reading society. Today, the emergence of the Internet has created enormous changes in all spheres of the society. Reading is generally accepted as a way of reading new information and new knowledge. Besides, it is an essential language skill for successfully completing all university level courses. A good reading habit is an important tool for the development of personalities and mental capacities. Reading habits means an individual‘s constant reading in a critical manner, as a result of his

considering this activity as a need to be met and source of pleasure.Reading is an art of interpreting printed and written words and it is basic instruments of education. Reading is a particularly information tool for the developments of personalities and mental capacities. Reading is a particularly important in education as well as for unhindered intellectual growth of personal.

Impact of Internet on Reading Habits:- It is supposed that the heavy use of internet by the students will greatly influence their

reading culture. The predictions are made worldwide to such an extent that the next generation students may directly go from oral to digital culture and skip over the traditional reading and book culture. However, it needs to understand that internet is a mixed blessing for reading







culture and it may have positive or negative impact. The easy availability and accessibility to the reading materials on the Internet is considered as a boon for reading culture and at the same time, the Internet services like online games are considered a threat to traditional print reading. Therefore, there is a need to assess the impact of Internet on reading habits. Every new media of information and communication technology (ICT) has been a threat to man‘s interest in reading.

The radio, television, cell phone, computer and the Internet have captured a big slice of time and reading has taken a back seat. It is visible that people have reduced their contacts with the world of books and other reading materials. The children in particular, are carried away by the new media in their leisure time. Therefore, the scholars from all over the world conducted researches to identify how far the new technology has succeeded in effecting/replacing the reading habits. Let us have a look on the scholarly articles of world personalities on this issue.

Nowadays, the easy access to digital media is a big challenge for reading habits. It gives an impact for everyone unexceptionally students. Certainly, students need technology in the form of internet to share, discuss, and process the information simultaneously. Their comfort of using technology e.g. smart phones or tab makes them prefer these devices than printed document. Additionally, it is a new kind of reading habits at which EFL students preferred internet-based reading than paper-based one(Shen, 2006). The notion of reading in the 21st century networked society has changed recently. Adolescents are no longer confined only to the print reading, but its scope has broadened to the Internet resources. The wide spread usage of the ICT tools changed the traditional reading culture of the readers. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) adopted to teach EFL reading occupy complete attention of researchers and teachers.Till the end of 2000 many individuals could not afford to buy cell phones; computers and the internet are new technologies but these are now widely available and easily connectable. Information technology and its convenience has changed human lives and led to deviate in reading quality and reading habits. Today‘s education has changed drastically and there is much

more emphasis put on reading than it was in the past.

Problem of the Study/Need:- The present study focuses on finding out the ―Impact of Internet on Reading Habits of

Political Science Department Students in Savitribai Phule Pune University‖ by listing out of

problems faced in accessing to library services, resources and information and identifies the solutions for the problem through this study.

Objectives:- 1) To find out the length of time spend by Politicalscience students for reading. 2) To know the awareness on library and use of library byPoliticalScience Students. 3) Suggest suitable measures to improve the reading habit of Political Science Students.

Scope & Limitations:- The present study focuses on ―Impact of Internet on Reading Habits of Political Science

Department Students in Savitribai Phule Pune University‖. Methodology:-

The present study used descriptive research method which was used to study in detail Impact of Internet on Reading Habits of Political Science Department Students. Initial detailed literature survey through field work and questionnaire, personal visit, group discussion and observation were used for data collection. Sampling may help to make the research findings






economical andaccurate. The data was collected from a sample of 79 students with a viewto making assumptions or decisions about some wider population.

Findings:- The main purpose of the reading books in Political Science department students is for

preparation in examination of department. 56% student read the booksfor this purpose only.

The second major finding is a 51% Political Science department students read and use English language materials.

31% students use department library for reading. 96.20% student read the newspaper in Political Science department library. 45% students read the newspaper in a Marathi language in Political Sciencedepartment. The 97.46% students use map for the study in Political Sciencedepartment. 62% students read the gazetteers and 38% students not read the gazetteers. 78% students of Political Sciencedepartment read journal articles regularly. Journal of Economics, Political Science and Geographical Journals are popular journals

among Political Science department student. The main hobbies of Political Science department students are reading 94.93% students use Jayakar library. 32% students visit Jayakar library once in a month. 46% students visit to the library only for issue and retain purpose. Most of the students of Political Science department read books in Jayakar library. 62% students of Political Sciencedepartmentspend 1-3 hours per day for reading. 45% students issue only reading materials from Jayakar library. Most of the students are fully satisfied by library services. How to Use OPAC is a major problem face by the students of Political Science

department.

Suggestions:- The library should arrange some innovative programme to attract students towards the

library. The library working hours should be increased so that the students may feel free to utilize

the leisure hours in useful manner. Jayakar library shouldarrange library orientation program for students.It will helpful for

students to search their books and use of library OPAC. Library staff should help to students for their books.

Conclusion:- Reading habits of students are not too poor as they are utilizing library in good manner.

Students are missing their leisure for reading because of limited working hours of library. If the library arrange library orientation programme for students, the students can use library more effectively. References:-

1. ANAN PRAKASH Srivastava (1958). On Reading Habit In Secondary Schools. Indian Librarian. 12, 50 – 56.

2. DEVARAJAN G. (1979). Reading Habits Of Secondary School Students In Trivandrum. ALIS Bulletin. 3, 93 – 100.

3. Shen, L. (2006). Computer Technology And College Students‘ Reading Habits.

Chia-Nan Annual Bulletin, 32, 559-572. Retrieved On May 20, 2016 From: Http://Citeseerx.Ist.Psu.Edu/Viewdoc/Download?Doi=10.1.1.526.1818&Rep=Rep1&Type=Pdf






Big Data Management in Academic Libraries

Dr. Neeta A. Kene Librarian

Shriram Kala Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Dhamangaon(Rly). Dist. Amaravati.

[email protected]

Abstract Libraries play an important role at the intersections of government, universities, research

institutes, and the public since they are storing and managing digital assets. The large amount of data and those data in library need to be transformed into information or knowledge which then be used by researchers or users. Librarians might need to understand how to transform, analyze, and present data in order to facilitate knowledge creation. For example, they should know how to make big datasets more useful, visible and accessible. With new and powerful analytics of big data, such as information visualization tools, researchers/users can look at data in new ways and mine it for information they intend to have. In this work, author discussed the characteristics of datasets in library, also discussed about various big data management tools.

Introduction: Nowadays, big data has become a significant issue across different areas and received considerable attention in both research and practice. Although scholars in library and information science (LIS) discipline have claimed that big data presents a huge opportunity for library research . As witnessed, big data driven library innovations provide personalized, remote, real-time, and virtualized services to the library users. In addition, the rapid increase in volume, veracity, velocity, and variety of library data generated by different library tools offers innovative ways of understanding interactions with users in the library environment. Big data enables library to be smart and user-friendly by providing personalized and intelligent services. Generally speaking, library big data can be categorized into two groups: catalogue and process/transactional data. Catalogue data mean the inherent data and information of library files, while process data are often generated through the process of library management and service or created by library users. The former group of data generally contains documental, bibliographical, and funding data, while the latter group includes log, user, and record data. The analytics of library big data support tremendous digital library innovations, such as personalized recommendation services and library user behavior/habit analysis, which generate substant ial value and insights for librarian, user, and services. Values for librarian are manifested in the changes and benefits provided by intelligent big data analytical techniques to librarians and digital management processes that enables library to provide competitive products and services with minimal costs. User value is embedded in the improvement of library user experience and satisfaction of users. Service value includes improving service and process quality and efficiency with the analysis of library big data in its varying forms. Big Data:

Big data management refers to the efficient handling, organization or use of large volumes of structured and unstructured data belonging to an organization. Big data management







allows a company to understand its customers better, develop new products and make important financial decisions based on the analysis of large amounts of corporate data. Big data management involves various processes such as the following:Monitoring and ensuring the availability of all big data resources through a centralized

nterface/dashboard. 1. Performing database maintenance for better results. 2. Implementing and monitoring big data analytics, big data reporting and other similar

solutions. 3. Ensuring the efficient design and implementation of data life-cycle processes that deliver

the highest quality results. 4. Ensuring the security of big data repositories and control access. 5. Using techniques such as data virtualization to reduce the volume of data and improve

big data operations with faster access and less complexity. 6. Implementing data virtualization techniques so that a single data set can be used by

multiple applications/users simultaneously. 7. Ensuring that data are captured and stored from all resources as desired.

Libraries are in a unique position to not only use big data for their own purposes, but also to provide services around big data. Many libraries are already offering research data services such as data management planning, data collection, datacuration and data archiving.

Big Data Tools Cassandra:

This tool is widely used today because it provides an effective management of large amounts of data. It is a database that offers high availability and scalability without compromising the performance of commodity hardware and cloud infrastructure. Among the main advantages of Cassandra highlighted by the development are fault tolerance, performance, decentralization, professional support, durability, elasticity, and scalability. Indeed, such users of Cassandra as eBay and Netflix may prove them. Hadoop:

Another great product from Apache that has been used by many large corporations. Among the most important features of this advanced software library is superior processing of voluminous data sets in clusters of computers using effective programming models. Corporations choose Hadoop because of its great processing capabilities plus developer provides regular updates and improvements to the product. Plotly:

Successful big data analytics use Plotly to create great dynamic visualization even in case if the company does not have sufficient time or skills for meeting big data needs. It makes the process of creating stunning and informative graphics very easy using the online tools. Also, the platform enables sharing the findings by transporting the results into different convenient formats. Bokeh:

Similarly to Plotly, this tool is also great for creating easy and informative visualizations. It is used for big data analytics experts to easily and quickly create interactive data applications, dashboards, and plots. Check out the gallery of the example works that were done with Bokeh using the big data. Many experts also say Bokeh is the most advanced visual data representation tool. Neo4j:

The official website of the tool claims that it is the world‘s leading graph database.

Indeed, it is, because it takes the big data business to the next level: it helps to work with the connections between them. The connections between the data drive modern intelligent

http://cassandra.apache.org/

http://www.datastax.com/customers

http://hadoop.apache.org/

https://plot.ly/

https://bigdata-madesimple.com/10-reasons-why-you-should-learn-data-analytics/

http://bokeh.pydata.org/en/latest/

https://neo4j.com/






applications, and Neo4j is the tool that transforms these connections to gain competitive advantage. Cloudera:

Businesses today use this tool for creating a data repository that can be accessed by all corporate users that need the data for different purposes. It was developed in 2008 and still is the most popular provider and supporter of Apache Hadoop. This combination is known to transform businesses and reducing business risks in order to give them a competitive advantage. OpenRefine: This tool allows the businesses to prepare everything for the data analysis. Simply saying, OpenRefine will help to organize the data in the database that was nothing but a mess. As the result, the users can begin to process the data with the computer. Storm:

This tool makes the list because of its superior streaming data processing capabilities in real time. It also integrates with many other tools such as Apache Slider to manage and secure the data. The use cases of Storm include data monetization, real time customer management, cyber security analytics, operational dashboards, and threat detection. These functions provide awesome business opportunities.

Wolfram Alpha: Wolfram Alpha is an awesome tool to look for information about just about everything. Doug Smith from Proessaywriting says that his company uses this platform for advanced research of financial, historical, social, and other professional areas. For example, if you type ―Microsoft,‖ you receive input interpretation, fundamentals and financials, latest trade, price history, performance comparisons, data return analysis, correlation matrix, and many other information. Rapidminer:

A big data specialist needs this open source data science platform, which functions through visual programming. It allows to manipulate, analyze, model, create models, and integrate the data into business processes.

Conclusion The research data are increasing very fast, and more and more researchers wish to use

collections as a whole, mining and organizing the information in novel ways. Without big data analysis, some patterns might not be easily found. The data collected when library users use the service are very helpful in improving the overall user experience, and user's satisfactory of library service. The ability to collect and analyze massive amounts of data will be a competitive advantage across all industries, including library. References

1. Affelt, A.The accidental data scientist: big data applications and opportunities for librarians and information professionals. 2015. Medford, New Jersey.

2. Eliot, S. And Rose, J. A Companion to the History of the Book, Hoboken, NJ. 2009. USA:John Wiley and Sons. pp. 90.

3. Huffine, R. The Next Frontier: Federal Librarians and Data. Information Today. 32,1; 2015. pp. 1

4. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/LHT-09-2018-272 (Accessed on Date 5/01/2019)

5. https://bigdata-madesimple.com/top-10-tools-for-working-with-big-data-for-successful-analytics-developers-2/ (Accessed on Date 9/01/2019)

6. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7550937 (Accessed on Date 1/01/2019) 7. https://www.techopedia.com/definition/29587/big-data-management (Accessed on Date

1/01/2019)

http://www.cloudera.com/

http://openrefine.org/

http://storm.apache.org/

http://www.wolframalpha.com/

http://www.proessaywriting.com/

https://rapidminer.com/

https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/LHT-09-2018-272

https://bigdata-madesimple.com/top-10-tools-for-working-with-big-data-for-successful-analytics-developers-2/

https://bigdata-madesimple.com/top-10-tools-for-working-with-big-data-for-successful-analytics-developers-2/

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7550937

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/29587/big-data-management






Knowledge Management in Academic Library

Ranjana K. Jawanjal (Librarian) Shri Dnyaneshwar M. Burungale science & arts college, Shegaon

[email protected] Phon-9766821902

Abstract Academic libraries are information center established in support of the mission of their

parent institutions to generate knowledge, and people equipped with knowledge in order to serve the society and advance the well-being of mankind. In the digital age, academic libraries face challenges from both within (academia) and without (the business sector). Academic departments, or even faculty and students, may purchase or build their own portals to meet their academic and/or research needs. To prove their relevance and value, academic libraries must strive to provide the right amount of information to the right clientele at the right time with a right expense of financial and human resources. With a stagnant or dwindling library budget, academic libraries have to increase their operational efficiency in order to meet the challenge. One management tool that can help in this regard is Knowledge Management .Knowledge management is a viable means in which academic libraries could improve their services in the present knowledge era. This paper mainly focuses on the concept of Knowledge Management and its role Academic libraries, Objectives of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries

Keywords: Information, Knowledge, Knowledge Management, Knowledge management in academic libraries:

Introduction In recent years, the importance of KM has been widely recognized as the foundations of

industrialized economies shifted from natural resources to intellectual assets. Since 1995 there has been an explosion in the literature surrounding the developing concept of KM. In library and information science, Ranganathan (2011) was the first to advocate that a universe of subjects is synonymous to a universe of knowledge and therefore proposed the concept of knowledge management in libraries. To prove their relevance and value, academic libraries must strive to provide the right amount of information to the right clientele at the right time with a right expense of financial and human resources. Academic Institutions have significant opportunities to apply knowledge management practices to support every part of their mission.

The Concept of Knowledge Managemen The concept --―Knowledge Management‖--was started and popularized in the business

world during the last decade of the 20th century. It was the business world that first recognizes the importance of knowledge in the global economy‖ of the ―knowledge age‖. In the new

knowledge economy, the possession of relevant and strategic knowledge and its unceasing renewal enables businesses to gain competitive advantage. The applications of knowledge management have now spread to other organizations including government agencies, research and development departments, universities and library Information Profession .As early as 1965, Peter Drucker already pointed out.







Knowledge Management Knowledge Management is ―a process, which deals with knowledge creation, acquisition,

packaging and application or reuse of knowledge.‖ It is basically consists of the following four steps:

1. Knowledge Collection 2. Organization 3. Data protection and presentation 4. Dissemination of Knowledge Information Knowledge Management is the way to keep knowledge growing through sharing and such

sharing is best done either in material or human terms

Types of Knowledge Knowledge is classified into two types.

1. Explicit knowledge 2. Tacit knowledge Explicit knowledge: It is formal and easy to communicate to others. It is the knowledge of

rationality. That is, policies, rules, specifications and formulae. It is also known as declarative knowledge. Tacit knowledge: It is complex form of knowledge. It has two dimensions namely technical and cognitive. This is personal knowledge, which is in human mind and difficult to formalize and also difficult to communicate.

Knowledge management in academic libraries: As a learning organization academic libraries are expected to provide strong leadership in

knowledge management. They need to improve their knowledge management in all the key arof articles on knowledge management dealt with the operation of the technical services. (Turvey and Letarte (2002)13argue that‖ the library world is characterized by fast-paced change, and perhaps no other area as much as field of cataloguing and they tried to define cataloguing as very important aspect of knowledge management in as increasingly digital world.

The availability of information in multiple and varied formats, new means and methods of the delivery of information in the networked environments , emphasis on self-directed, independent study, student- centered learning, modularization in teaching and learning pattern, changes in organization structure etc. are the major issues and concerns which urges the academic librarian to implement the knowledge management. Library needs to use new approach to capture web information by cooperative efforts such as Dublin core and metadata and the cooperative online resource catalogue.

Principles of Knowledge Management: Thomas H. Davenport15formulated ten (10) principles of knowledge management as

stated below: 1. Knowledge management is expensive (but so is stupidity!) 2. Effective management of knowledge requires hybrid solutions involving both people and

technology. 3. Knowledge management is highly political. 4. Knowledge management requires knowledge managers.






5. Knowledge management benefits more from maps than models, more from markets than hierarchies.

6. Sharing and using knowledge are often unnatural acts. 7. Knowledge management means improving knowledge work processes.

Objectives of knowledge management in Academic libraries: The main objectives of knowledge management in academic libraries are as follows:-

1. (To promote collection, processing, storage and storage and distribution of knowledge. 2. To promote scientific research. 3. To promote relationship between library and users 4. To protect the intellectual property right, in IT era 5. To create knowledge repositories and manage knowledge as an asset 6. To organize the value of knowledge and improve effective research

Need /importance of knowledge management in Academic libraries: Some of the specific factors that stress the need of knowledge management academic libraries are as follows:

1. Knowledge being the strategic and key resource of an organization likes academic libraries.

2. The threat of being marginalized by internet based information services and students and faculty‟s own information gathering efforts.

3. To fulfillment of dream of library professionals and mission of the academic libraries and their parent institution, that is, to provide right knowledge at the right time to the right person in the right format.

4. Reduction in staff and budget need to replace informal knowledge with formal methods. 5. Quitting job by potential workforce lead to loss of valuable organizational knowledge. 6. Reduced budget, increased demand from the faculty and students and greater expectation

from higher administration.

Expected benefits of implementation of Knowledge management in academic libraries: 1. Following are the benefits that can be derived from knowledge management: 2. (Better coverage of resources and capabilities 3. Better staff utilization. 4. Higher quality of deliverables. 5. Just in time, performance centered learning and training. 6. Collaboration at the norm (no disincentives for collaboration) 7. More user engagements and interactions, both with internal users and with the library‟s

external users, clients, customers and stakeholders. 8. Improved customers/ users/staff satisfaction. 9. Increased libraries operational efficiency and cater to the ever increasing needs of the

users.

Role of Library Professionals in Knowledge Management The conventional role of library and information professionals was to collect, process,

disseminate, store and utilize information to provide multidisciplinary services to the personal and professional needs of the library users. But now their role is not restricted to information






management only. They play major role in knowledge management programmes and identifying, acquiring, developing, resolving, storing and sharing of knowledge. Library and information professionals have to manage relationships with external providers of information and knowledge and should negotiate with them. Knowledge management has created new ground in the field of library and information science. The library professionals should have following types of knowledge:

I. Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries ♦ II. International Journal of Parallel and Distributed Systems

Conclusion Academic libraries are thus playing a vital role in crossing the borders ,the key to opening

all gateways toknowledge. Librarians should train themselves and their staff to develop the appropriate knowledge management systems and use information technologies to equipped libraries to provide better, faster and pinpointed services to its clients/ users. Knowledge Management helps library and information professionals in improving the services being rendered to their users. Information professionals have to recast their roles as knowledge professional. The librarian‘s roles should not be limited to being the custodians of information

but they have to acquire skills to keep themselves updated so as to cope intelligently and objectively with the effective and efficientknowledge management in Academic libraries.

1. Judith Mavodza1 and Patrick Ngulube Exploring the use of knowledge management practices in anacademic library in a changing information environment SA Jnl Libs & Info Sci 2011, 77(1

2. Rajurkar M.U. Knowledge Managementin Academic Libraries International Journal of Parallel and Distributed SystemsVolume 1, Issue 1, 2011, pp-05-08

3. Available online at: http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=107 4. R. Poonkothai Knowledge Management as an important tool in Library International

Journal of Information Technology and Library Science. ISSN 2349-235X Volume 5, Number 1 (2016), pp. 9-14 © Research India Publications http://

5. Asogwa, Brendan E. Knowledge Management In Academic Libraries: Librarians In The 21st Century. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2012. http://www. tlainc. com/articl301. htm (accessed 14. 03. 16).

6. Ciganek, Andrew P. Organizational Culture for Knowledge Management Systems: A Study of Corporate Users. http://www. irma-international. org/viewtitle/41855/ (accessed 14. 03. 16)

http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=107






Institutional Repositories : A New Platform in Scholarly Communication

Dr Sanjay N. Wagh [email protected]

Librarian Sant Gadge Maharaj Mahavidyalaya,Walgaon

Abstract : Paper discuss the concept of Institutional Repository (IR),objectives, benefits of IR,

software‟s required for developing IR and kinds of repositories developed in India are discussed

Keywords : Institutional Repository, Software for Institutional Repository , Kinds of Institutional Repository

Introduction Access, pricing, copyright and host of other monopolies paved the way for open access

initiatives. The core essence of open access initiatives is to make research articles in all academic fields freely available on the internet among these initiatives are the working models of open access journals and institutional repositories.

A digital repository is a mechanism for managing and storing digital content. Repositories can be of subject or institutional. Putting content into an institutional repository enables staff and institutions to manage and preserve the content, and therefore derive maximum value from it. A repository can support research, learning, and administrative processes. Repositories use open standards to ensure that the content they contain is accessible in that it can be searched and retrieved for later use. The use of these agreed international standards allows mechanisms to be set up which import, export, identify, store and retrieve the digital content within the repository.

Digital repositories may include a wide range of content for a variety of purposes and users. Typically content can include research outputs such as journal articles or research data, e-theses, e-learning objects and teaching materials, and administrative data. Some repositories only take in particular items (such as theses or journal papers), while others seek to gather any credible scholarly work produced by the institution; limited only by each author's retained rights from publishers. However, some more complex objects (websites, advanced learning objects, 3D topographical representations and other data sets) do present a technological challenge.

Definitions of Institutional Repositories: According to Lynch (2003) ―a university based Institutional Repository is a set of

services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members‖.

Foster and Gibbons (2004) defined Institutional Repository as, ―an electronic system that

captures preserves and provides access to the digital work products of a community‖. Raym Crow (2004) defined as Institutional Repository as a ―Digital Archive of intellectual

product created by the faculty, research staff, and students of an institution and accessible to end users both within and outside the institution, with few, if any barrier to access. The content is institutionally defined, scholarly, cumulative and perpetual, open and interoperable.‖






Chang (2003) defines an Institutional Repository as a new method for capturing, collecting, managing, disseminating and preserving scholarly works created in digital form by the constituent members of an institution.

Objectives of Institutional Repositories : 1. To create global visibility for an institutions scholarly research. 2. To collect content in a single location. 3. To provide access to institutional research output by self archiving it. 4. To store and preserve others institution‘s digital assets.

Contents of Institutional Repositories : An Institutional Repository may contain a variety of material produced by the researchers of

the institution like- 1. Pre print of articles or research reports submitted for publishing the text of journals

articles accepted for publication. 2. Revised text of published work with comments from academic readers. 3. Conference papers. 4. Teaching material. 5. Student‘s projects. 6. Doctoral thesis and dissertations. 7. Database resulting from research projects. 8. Committee papers, administrative papers. 9. Computer software work of art. 10. Photographs and video recordings.

Benefits of Institutional Repositories : The main primary advantages appear to include:- (a) For users:

1. Expansion of the range of knowledge that can be shared. 2. Opportunities to simplify and extend dissemination.

(b) For institution: 1. Enabling of intellectual property rights to be exploited more effectively at institution

level. 2. Leverage of existing investment in information and content management systems. 3. The highlighting of the quality of intellectual capital.

(c) For all: 1. Opportunities of new forms of scholarly communication. 2. Flexible way to develop existing scholarly communication .

Software for Institutional Repository: There are many world renowned open source software used to create repositories are

EPrints, DSpace, FEDORA, CDSware etc. They are issued either under GNU public license or the BSD license and can be downloaded from their own sites or open source software directories such as SourceForge. Each of the software has a host of features, unique facilities and excellent capabilities, which the users could explore and experiment.

GreenStone Digital library software: The New Zealand Digital library Project at the University of Waikato produces

greenstone digital library software. This project is a research program aiming to develop the






underlying technology for digital libraries and make it available publicly so that other can use it to create their own collections. The main architects of the software are Roger McNab and Stefan Boddie. Greenstone is a suite of software for building and distributing the digital library collection. It organizes the collection digitally for publishing it on the internet or on CD-ROM. This software is developed and distributed in cooperation with UNESCO and the human info NGO. It is a open source software available from http://www.Greenstone.org under the term of the GNU General public license

GNU E-Prints Archiving software (Version 2.2.1): EPrints was created in 2000 and it is an open source software package for building open

access repositories that are compliant with the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. It shares many of the features commonly seen in Document Management systems, but is primarily used for institutional repositories and scientific journals. EPrints has been developed as a part of digital library project at University of Southampton, UK. It is available free under the term of GNU (General public license). It runs under the Linux and creates online archive libraries of electronic prints.

DSpace: The first version of DSpace was released in 2002, following a joint effort by developers

from MIT and HP Labs in Cambridge, Massachusett. DSpace is an open source software package which provides the tools for management of digital assets, and is also commonly used as the basis for an institutional repositories . It supports a wide variety of data , including books , theses, 3D digital scans of objects, photographs, films, videos, research data sets, and other forms of content. The data is arranged as community collections of items, which bundle bitstreams together.

Bepress : Bepress is another major hosted repository platform. This hosted service is licensed by

the Berkeley Electronic Press ( Bepress is taken as its abbreviation). It is used by associations, consortia, universities and colleges to preserve and showcase their scholarly output. Digital Commons is one of their products .

Institutional Repositories and Libraries in India : Indian libraries has adopted the open access model much ahead than other developing

countries. A number of Indian scientific research institutions, universities and corporate R&D produce high quality research accompanied by innumerable scholarly communications published by national and international journals and conference proceedings . A good number of high quality, peer reviewed open access journals are being published by Indian scholars covering a wide spectrum of subjects .Number of academic and research institutions have set up their institutional repositories as indicated by ROAR ( Registry of Open Access Repositories ) such as IISc, IIMK, ISI, NCL, NIO, RRU, NAL,NIT and so on.

Different Kinds of Repositories Developed in India 1. Designed for specific in-house scholars 2. Designed for specific subjects 3. Designed for specific documents






1. Designed for specific in-house scholars : These institutions have established open access Institutional Repositories (IR) that disseminate research outputs of respective institution. Sometimes these are self-archived. Otherwise , administrator of the repositories collects the research documents from different sources and upload the documents to the IR on behalf of the person concerned. 2.Designed for specific subjects :

Few Institutions Repositories in India are designed to store and provide access to specific subject collections of documents . The reason behind organising such a open repositories is that scholar with ample of scholarly output but not affiliated to any specific institutes providing the IR facility can host their research articles which belongs to the respective subject field of interest . For example LDL Librarians Digital library developed by Documentation Research and Training Centre , Bangalore (DRTC). Is a subject specific repository for the library and information professionals . Another subject specific repository designed in India is OpenMed@NIC , maintained by National Informatics Centre , New Delhi. OpenMed@NIC stores and provides access to Biomedical Literature . 3.Designed for specific documents :

This IR is designed to store and provide access to documents pertained to specific type of collections. Shodhganga is an example of document type, specific collection that stores and access to theses and dissertations . Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses is a digital repository of theses and dissertations submitted to Indian universities. It is maintained by INFLIBNET . The full text of all the documents submitted to Shodhganga are available to read and to download in open access to the academic community worldwide. The repository has a collection of 2,10,661 theses and 6123 synopses. It has been observed that Shodhganga is an important Indian initiative and will facilitate open access to Indian theses and dissertations to the world academic community. Online availability of electronic theses through centrally maintained digital repositories will not only ensure easy access and archiving of these but will also help in raising the quality and standard of research

Conclusion : Research output is intellectual asset of parent organization , of nation as well as of

scholar community. It should be digitized and preserved in electronic format so that it will be beneficial in future. Hence institutes should take initiative in setting up Institutional Repositories to make their research output more visible to the outside world. References

1. Kamila , Kanchan (2009).Institutional Repositories Projects in India . 7th International CALIBER – 2009, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, February 25-27, INFLIBNET Centre,Ahmedabad.pp.128-132.

2. Lynch, C(2003). Institutional Repositories : Essental infrastructure for scholarship in the digital age . ARL Biomonthly Report .

3. Manoj Kumar K, Jagdish Arora, and Suboohi S. "Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertations project, Shodhganga, a platform for improving quality of research in Indian Universities". ETD 2016 "Data and Dissertations", 19th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations 11-13 Jul 2016 Lille (France). Retrieved 16 October 2016.

4. Rasmita Mohanty, Ranjit Kumar Das (2014). DIGITAL LIBRARIES: Reshaping Traditional Libraries into Next Generation Libraries Volume 1 of First edition. Allied Publishers. p. 113. ISBN 9788184249019.

mailto:Delhi.OpenMed@NIC

https://etd2016.sciencesconf.org/112049/document



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184249019






Contents of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries

Dr. Sanjay Shenmare, Librarian Shivshakti Arts , Commerce and Science College

Babhulgaon, Dist. Yavatmal – 445 101 E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Knowledge plays an important role in modern world of organization. Knowledge is the new currency. The development of knowledge management in recent years has become the key concern for libraries. This paper will review the development of knowledge management and its sub themes. It will also examine the role of libraries in knowledge management and suggests that libraries in the digital and knowledge age should be incharge of knowledge management in their respective College in order to leverage the intellectual assets and to facilitate knowledge creation. The library will play a very vital & crucial role in the extension and modification of knowledge. Knowledge management requires more effective methods of information handling, speedy transfer of information and speedy way to reach the needed information.

Introduction: Knowledge is the product of human experience and it can be defined as the management of creating, sustaining, applying, and renewing knowledge resources of an organization including its relation with seeker and service provider. Management is a mental process. Management is the process of coordinating total resources of an organisation towards the accomplishment of desired goals of that organisation through the execution of a group of inter related functions such as planning, organisation, staffing, directing and controlling. There are multiple sources of knowledge and the widespread social network and technology platforms have empowered us to initiate discussions, work together with people, and share knowledge from almost anywhere across the globe. Knowledge management in libraries refers to the management of the production, diffusion and transfer of knowledge as well as of the network systems constructed by related institutions.

What is Knowledge Management: Knowledge management is a newly emerging interdisciplinary business model that has knowledge with the frame work of an organization. Knowledge Management involves people, technology and processes in parts. It rests on two foundations first utilizing and exploiting the organization information, second the application of people‘s skill, talents, thought, ideas,

commitments, motivations and imagination.

Need for Knowledge Management: 1. To enhance users satisfaction. 2. To interact and retain new information seeker. 3. To increase user faith in the library to strive meet and manage needs of user community. 4. To be able to justify the spending of funds allocated to the organization library and

information centre by the parent body. 5. •Recruiting the best and most skilled staff for the technical job.

Principles of Knowledge Management-(Thomas H Davenport): 1. Effective management of knowledge requires hybrid solutions of users and







2. technology 3. Knowledge access in only the beginning 4. Knowledge Management benefits more from maps than model, more from markets 5. than from hierarchies 6. Knowledge Management is expensive 7. Knowledge Management is highly political 8. Knowledge Management means improving knowledge process 9. Knowledge Management never ends 10. Knowledge Management requires a knowledge contract 11. Knowledge Management requires knowledge managers 12. Sharing and using knowledge are often unnatural acts

Components of Knowledge Management: The knowledge management environment centred round three components. They are,

1. People: Technology experts, Knowledge professionals, Knowledge managers 2. Process: Creation, capturing, storing, sharing, Application, and 3. Technology: Hardware and software packages.

Knowledge is categorized as tacit explicit, procedural, and cultural. Knowledge management strategies are broadly classified as codification and personalization. The management of information has long been regarded as the domain of librarians and libraries. Librarians and information professionals are trained to be experts in information searching, selecting, acquiring, organizing, preserving, repackaging, disseminating, and serving. However, professionals in information technology and systems have also regarded information management as their domain because of the recent advances in information technology and systems which drive and underpin information management.

It is a set of knowledge management processes. Generating new knowledge.

Accessing knowledge from external sources. Representing knowledge in documents, databases, software and so forth. Embedding knowledge in processes, products, or services.

Transferring existing knowledge around an organization. Using accessible knowledge in decision-making.

Facilitating knowledge growth through culture and incentives. Measuring the value of knowledge assets and the impact of knowledge management.

Stages In Knowledge Management System: 1. Identify Knowledge 2. Collect Knowledge 3. Select Knowledge 4. Share Knowledge 5. Create Knowledge 6. Apply Knowledge

Tools of Knowledge Management: KM tools are mostly categorized on the basis of different KM processes. However, KM tools into two broad categories: (i) Information technology or IT-based KM tools and (ii) conventional or non-IT-based KM tools.






Agents' technologies Data analysis data ware housing Data ware housing: Meta data Electronic document management Groupware Help desk technologies Information retrieval tools Intranet/Extranets Machine learning Mapping tools Ontology‘s (Computer based) Portals

Strategies of Knowledge Management: Knowledge management is as important for libraries as for the businesses minus the competitive, proprietary, and moneymaking concerns. In fact, libraries have had a long and rich experience in the management of information. Many of such knowledge and skills of librarianship can be applied to knowledge management. Knowledge Management Strategy Intro Invest: Organizational Structures Invest: Organizational Culture Change Invest: Knowledge Retention Invest: Manage Core Competencies Invest: Manage External Network Invest: Knowledge Management Systems Knowledge Management Best Practices

Purpose of implementing knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: Academic Libraries are pinched n both sides: reduced budget and increased demand from faculty and students. To implement knowledge Management in academic libraries is mainly driven by its mission rather than by the competition from internet-based reference services or electronic books.

Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: The impetus for embracing Knowledge management in academic libraries is mainly from a combination of library budget shortfall and higher user expectations. Rather than adopting an often trumpeted high-tech approach, it is more practical to utilize the existing staffing, technology and management structure for academic libraries. For any library to succeed in implementing knowledge management will require a strong leadership and vision from the top administration, which can influence the organization‘s

knowledge sharing efforts in a positive way. As libraries enter the knowledge age of the 21st century, we should not take a back seat in the development of knowledge management. Instead, armed with our professional knowledge and experiences, we should be work as a leader.

Role of Library Professionals in Knowledge Management: The conventional role of library and information professionals was to collect, process,

disseminate, store and utilize information to provide multidisciplinary services to the personal






and professional needs of the library users. They play major role in knowledge management programs, an identifying, acquiring, developing, resolving, storing and sharing of knowledge. Library professionals have to manage relationships with external providers of information and knowledge and should negotiate with them. Knowledge management has created new ground in the field of library and information science.

The library professionals should have following types of knowledge: Knowledge about library‘s information sources for assets, products and services. Knowledge about where these sources stored are and what is its use. Knowledge about users including teaching staff, researcher and, who is using

these sources and how to increase its uses. What are the current usage of these sources and how to increase its use? Creativity and ability to learn and adapt the new technologies to provide better

services to its clients and ability to create, share, harness and utilize knowledge Understanding of knowledge creation process and impact of knowledge Information literacy skills creating, finding, sharing and using Understanding of the principles of ―Organization of Knowledge‖

Information technology and systems can provide effective support in implementing knowledge management. Librarians should work together with IT professionals and others to develop the appropriate knowledge management systems. Knowledge management should never be viewed as a way to control the process of knowledge creation. In his book, Enabling Knowledge Creation, Georg Von Krogh et al made a strong argument for supporting knowledge creation rather than controlling it. In the process of knowledge creation, every library should strive to be an enabler and facilitator by mobilizing all its efforts and resources. The best knowledge creators are academics. Knowledge creation is best performed by universities. As a learning and knowledge organization, universities should empower their libraries to develop campus-wide knowledge management systems. It is now time for libraries to reposition themselves in the central stage of and as a leading player in knowledge management.

Conclusion: Knowledge Management is a corporate feature, the environment is changing. Librarians use full potential to accept the new theories and principles. Knowledge Management helps library and information professionals in improving the services being rendered to their users. Information professionals have to recast their roles as knowledge professional. The librarian‘s

roles should not be limited to being the custodians of information but they have to acquire skills to keep themselves updated so as to cope intelligently and objectively with the effective and efficient knowledge management in academic libraries. Knowledge Management can help libraries to develop into more efficient organizations, taking advantage of the new demands of the Knowledge Society leading to the improvement and development of new services to users, in addition to increasing the use, creation and sharing of knowledge among the library staff. Implementing KM in academic libraries leads to perfecting the ability of these organizations to learn, The KM in academic libraries will also lead to the generation of new knowledge, development of new procedures and practices to improve the integration and sharing of knowledge within organizations. A Knowledge Management program tailored specifically to libraries can reduce costs, increase






revenue and staff efficiency, improve the activities, products and services, improving library performance and guaranteeing a position in the knowledge market. Information technology and systems can provide effective support in implementing knowledge management. Librarians should train themselves and their staff to develop the appropriate knowledge management systems and use information technologies to equipped libraries to provide better, faster and pin-pointed services to its users. It is not individualistic but teamwork. Knowledge management is a buzzword turned business phenomenon, in the library world, there is a lesson to be learned from the business world. For any library to succeed in implementing knowledge management will require a strong leadership and vision from the top administration. Information technology and systems can provide effective support in implementing knowledge management. KM will help to increase libraries operational efficiency and later to the ever increasing needs of our Users. Library may play an important role in success of knowledge management for their institution. Library and information professionals develop appropriate knowledge management system in our libraries. Libraries take care of tacit knowledge in a better way for their successful working and satisfy their users. References:

1. Ahmed, P. K., Lim, K. K., & Loh, A.Y.E. (2002): Learning through knowledge management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heineman

2. Chen, Hsinchun. (2001). Knowledge Management Systems: A Text Mining Perspective. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona. p.18.

3. Lawrence, S. and Giles, C.L. (1999). ―Accessibility of Information on the Web,‖ Nature 400:107-109.

4. PSG Kumar, A Students Manual of library and Information Science-2002, pp.503 5. University News, 49(02), January 10-16, 2011.






Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: E-Learning Environment

Dr. Mrs. Smita D. Suryawanshi Librarian

Arts, Commerce & Science College, Kiran Nagar, Amravati

[email protected]

Abstract: The knowledge management (KM) has become an importance‟s guideline for the

Information and Knowledge society as well as for libraries .This has become reality with the advancement in information and communication technology where e-learning and online learning are evolving as a new method for teaching and acquiring knowledge .The libraries role is also changing they are expected to serve as information literacy trainers expert in organizing and providing access to online resources content provides through digitization project and providers of print resource content provides through digitization project and providers of print resource for learners .The development of knowledge management in recent year has become the key concern libraries .If offers academic libraries the opportunity to improve effectiveness and it also examine the role of libraries in knowledge management and suggest that libraries in the digital and knowledge age to facilitate knowledge creation .

Keyword: E-Learning, digital Repositories Institutional, Repository Library, consortia

Introduction : The success of libraries and information centers depends upon their ability to utilize information knowledge of its staff to serve the user community. The IcT has played a significant role in this dynamic. It was the business world that 1st recognize the meaning of knowledge in the Global Economy ―To the knowledge age Knowledge management is newly emerging

approach aimed of addressing today‘s business challenges to increase efficiency and efficacy by

applying many strategies technique and tools in their existing business process. Like other business management trends knowledge management is also a commercial concept emerging find in profit sector (yang & Lynch, 2006 knowledge has been identified as a key resource in all organizations whether non-profit or for profit organizations are beginning to realize that the need for embracing knowledge management in academic libraries is mainly due to a combined impact of library budget shortfall and higher user expectation and staff user ratio (Dimattia 1997)

What is Knowledge management ? College University and their libraries are social organization where workers transform resources for use by consumers through the function of teaching research and services knowledge management may be define as the set of process that create and share knowledge across and organization to optimize use of judgment in the attainment of mission and goal . Knowledge Management is essentially about getting the right knowledge to the right person of right time knowledge management (KM ) is the process of capturing developing sharing and effectively using organizational knowledge management may also include new knowledge creation. Knowledge management is considered as of the most useful solutions for academic libraries that can be adopted in order to improve their service to become relevant for their parent






institution in the present competitive and challenges environment (wen 2005,Thanuskodi 2010) It is an emerging discipline developing on the interstice of organizational psychology library and information science economic and computer science. KM is art of creating value from organization knowledge assets knowledge management is the discipline of enabling individuals teams and entire organization to collectively and systematically create share and apply knowledge to better achieve their objective (Ron Yoang CEO/CKO) knowledge Association International .We can define knowledge management as the collection of process that govern the creation distribution and use of knowledge .It is also described as a collaborative process through which organization generate value for their intellectual assets .Educators generate value ,when they conduct report result and some time develop new product. This is especially true of countries like India with a rapid ally? developing economy . The conventional function of academic libraries is to collect process disseminate store and utilize information to provide service to academic community.

Knowledge Management in Academic college Libraries:- In the knowledge economy era, libraries are very important to vocational training and lifelong education of libraries. It rises their knowledge level and ability in knowledge ability in knowledge acquisition. The main objective of implementing knowledge management in a academic library therefore is to ensure an all round improvement of library staff capacity promotion of relationship between libraries and library user ,it promote knowledge innovation strengthening knowledge internetworking quicker knowledge flow. Every Library ambiance attract the users, the technology and innovation give the institutional libraries a modern view point. Traditional libraries are focusing on the universal perception. Institutional depositories are being changed into digitized form. The modern libraries are now focusing to deliver the information in the digital form through web OPAC via internet. The development of institution store-room by innovation of information technology has strengthened the professional libraries. Modern libraries are now called the knowledge library or knowledge store and the tool to deliver this knowledge is the knowledge management.

Application of knowledge management in academic college libraries. Knowledge resource Management:- Modern Library is also like a digital Library here use library automation (acquisition, cataloging circulation and OPAC) CDs, DVD, Microfilm, E-books, E-Journals, Data base Library co-operations and resource sharing (Inter Library Loan) Networked digital information resource sharing (Web OPAC SPI, CAS Article alert service) etc. college Libraries need to develop their resource access and sharing strategies from printed to electronic and digital resource in concert with their mission and charges. Restricted by limited technology staff, and space libraries must carefully analyze to need of their user the seek to develop co-operative acquisition plan react these needs.

E-Learning - Online learning currently captures current/ popular perception of educational technology E-Learning is a complex system composed of institutional, individual technical social components and change in any one approaches of a higher education are now constructive and interactive with e-learning. E-Learning include a range of electronically networked information and






communication technology by means which learning can take place. Majority of electronic information is now transferred to digital form generally circulation and OPAC) Digital Library (CDs DVDs) microfilm, E-books, E-journals data base Library co-operation and resource sharing (Inter-Library Loan) Networked digital information resource sharing (Inter-Library Loan) Networked digital information resource sharing (web OPAC SDI, CAS, Article alert service) ready reference service E-reference services. All document preserved in the Library in the books from are changing into digital form by scanning in the materials and converted into CD/DVD device.In Academic Libraries the reports/dissertation/project/publications are digitized and they can be viewed online by using the Web OPAC software which is commonly used by student/research/scholar knowledge technologies are serving without

The Current trends:- Library is a vast storehouse of information. Emergency of Internet and communication Technology (ICT) Libraries has been acquiring different approaches of the same and mode of services is changed therefore different type of Library.

Hybrid Library: The hybrid library is a term used to describe libraries containing a mix of traditional print library resources and the growing number of electron is resource Hybrid libraries are mixes of printed books and magazine as well as electronic materials such as down to able audio books , electronic Journals, e-books etc. Hybrid libraries are the new norms in most public and academic libraries.

Automatic Library: A Library where access points and housekeeping operations are computerized is called an automated library the graphic records are still-on paper publications.

Digital Library: A Library in which a significant proportion of the resources are available in machine readable format (as opposed to print or microform) accessible by means of computers.

Inter Library Loan and E-Journals in consortia: Inter-Library loaning is one of the oldest form for sharing resource among the Libraries. The effective electronic transmissions of document demand help quicker inter library Loan and information services distance learners may make the sue of e-journals some electronic journals are freely available other have charging mechanism of different types. Today another from known as consortia (Dhiman and Rani, 2007) is coming out digital environment which provide access of many document to multiple participating libraries INFLIBNET, DELNET, CALLBLET, are making their at most effort in this directions particularly the INFLIBINET is providing free access to more than 6000 journals to participating University and college libraries in India. (Murthy , Kembhavi and Cholin 2007)

Electronic Reference services: Information and communication technologies have also transformed to way academic Libraries provides references services to the student and faculties. The expectation and demand of user is for academic libraries to provide personalized assistance irrespective of location and time (C. Dollah and singh n.d. Mardikion 2007) .The provision of electronic or digital reference services involves the use of networked technologies through which user can ask questions and receive answer online. The services generally include among others face to face reference services. E-mail, reference services interactive reference services using chat technology. Links to






E-resource including free frequently asked for questions (FAQs) feedback from service web form or query form services questions point service video conferencing and collaboration reference services through library consortia (Maharana and panda n.d)

Library Blogs :- Blogs are the extension of what we already to identity organize and make information accessible in libraries. They give us an opportunity to be more responsive to reach out to the faculty and student via our library blogs to high light news, post student/faculty book revises and invite comments, announce events, list new acquisitions etc. Blogs are a simple and efficient way for librarians to stay informed and for libraries to disseminate information. In a timely manner (Dhiman and Stroms 2008) Library blogs can be used in current awareness services to highlights news or resource of interest and to post book reviews from student faculty and staff member.

Digital Repositories or Institutional repositories :- Institutional repositories have been pointed as requirement for universities. Many academic institution now a day‘s use. D- Space ,open source software platform for accessing managing and preserving scholarly works, institution can customize the D-Space system for management of their digital material ITSC, IITs (Delhi, Kharagpur) National Institute of Technology (NIT) National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore National Chemical Laboratory Pune, INFLIBINET, Ahmadabad, National Institute of Oceanography Goa, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore etc., have established of open accesses Institutional repositories in India Vidyanidhi of University of Mysore is of document type specific collection of repository which store and provide access to these and dissertation collection.

Conclusion: Information technologies are already in firm part of daily life rather than trying to access how technologies will changes our lives should accept these technologies as another set of tools and proceed to makes the best use of term of Libraryand all of users. e-learning strategies as a part of their teaching reporters and libraries are playing a key role by way of helping to find and organize resource to complete program and course making use of e-learning) and to provide support as student work. e-learning is only to tools and its effectiveness will depend on the quality of the content including the learning resource and use made the communication tools. References:-

1. Dhiman ,A.K.(2003) Basic of Information Technology for libraries and Information scientists. New Delhi: Ess Ess publication

2. Dhiman, A.K. (2010) Institution Repository the Boon for Academic Community ,In K.m.Khan ,V.Gopalkumar and B.K.Vaishala edited ―Empowerment library professional

in managing Digital Resource st. Agnes college (Autonomous) Mangalore pp.52-57 3. Sharma shobha sukriti and krishan Gopal (2006) ―Knowledge management in Digital Era

: A challenge to library professional ‖ ILA Bullentin April-June 2006 pp.10- Sinha,Aruna (2014) Knowledge Management in Academic libraries journal of Indian Research Vol.1 Jan –March pp.123-125

4. Kumar P.S.G(2006) Student manual of library and Information science. Delhi: B.R. publication corporation p.p.500-502

5. Shweta Alok (2012) Library networking and Information Research new. Delhi: Kamal books pp 49-50






Role of INFLIBNET in Development of Academic Library

Arvind S. Pazare Librarian

Bharatiya Mahavidyalay Morshi. 9767337723 [email protected]

Abstract Information Communication Technology (ICT) is the new savior in academic endeavor of

mankind and opening the new vistas for liberation of human spirit in this regard. It has produced a totally changed and remarkable information environment. INFLIBNET (Information and Library Network) is interconnecting various libraries and information centers in the country to improve capability in information handling and use. This Institution mission leveraging on the latest technology, create a virtual network of people and resources in academic institutions with an aim to provide effective and efficient access to knowledge. The paper highlights how the new face of Inflibnet services is evolving as a natural solution to keep pace with the multifaceted technological environment. It discusses about the major services of INFLIBNET include IndCat, UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, N-List, Document Delivery Services, Software development, Open Journals System, Shodhganga, INFLIBNET Regional Training Programme for Library Automation (IRTPLA), annual conventions and so on. The INFLIBNET Centre is a great boon to Indian education system and research activities in satisfying their information needs.

Keywords : Digital repository; IndCat; INFLIBNET; N-LIST; Open Journals System ; SOUL Software; UGC-Infonet.

Inflibnet : An Overview Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre is an Autonomous Inter-

University Centre (IUC) of University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India. It is a major national programme initiated by the UGC in 1991 with its Head Quarters at Gujarat University Campus, Ahmedabad. It has become an independent Inter-University Centre in 1996. The INFLIBNET Centre is involved in creating infrastructure for sharing of library and information resources and services among academic and research institutions. INFLIBNET is little activity of the Centre. It facilitates pooling, sharing and optimization of limited library resources in the country. As a major programme, it helps to modernize libraries and information centres in the country through the application of information technology. INFLIBNET many services and activities are run for the development of Library to the each and every people of India.

Services and Activities INFLIBNET fulfill the objectives are made beginning of the establishment by the UGC and MHRD. It is good signal of development of libraries of India. Following activities and services fulfill the objectives through the library development programme and support to higher education in India.

UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium The UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium was formally launched in December, 2003, by Hon‘ble Dr. Abdul Kalam, the then President of India. In this consortium 419







universities are benefited. More than7500 full text e-resourses are available from 20+ international publishers to member universities and 5+ types of bibliographic database available under the subscription.N-LIST (National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for ScholarlyContent)(http://nlist.inflibnet.ac.in)

The Project entitled ―National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for

Scholarly Content (N-LIST)‖ is jointly executed by: 1. UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, INFLIBNET Centre; 2. INDEST-AICTE Consortium, IIT Delhi. 3. E-resources to Govt./ Govt.- aided as well as non-aided colleges; and 4. National Monitoring Agency at the INFLIBNET Centre to manage access, monitor, promote and impart training to promote optimal usage of e-resources and for monitoring all activities involved in the process of providing effective and efficient access to e-resources to colleges. It provides:

Cross-subscription to e-resources subscribed by the two Consortia, i.e. subscription to INDEST-AICTE resources for universities and UGC-INFONET resources for technical institutions; and access to selected e-resources for colleges. The N-LIST project provides access to e-resources to students, researchers and faculty members from colleges and other beneficiary institutions through server (s) installed at the INFLIBNET Centre. The authorized users from colleges can now access e-resources and download articles required by them directly from the publisher‘s website when they are duly

authenticated as the authorized users.

Software for University Libraries (SOUL) (http://www.inflibnet.ac.in/soul/) Software for University Libraries(SOUL) is a state-of-the-art Integrated Library Management Software(ILMS) designed and developed by the INFLIBNET Centre, and based on requirement of college and university libraries situated in India. It is a user- friendly software developed to work under client-server environment. The software is compliant to international standards for bibliographic formats, networking and circulation protocols. INFLIBNET develop the SOUL library automation software for the each type of libraries. 3352 libraries are used SOUL software in India as on 31st March 2017. And also supported utility software are provides to the libraries for the development of library automation process.

http://nlist.inflibnet.ac.in/






HardwareRequirements Processor Type : PIV or Higher Processor Speed : 1.6 GHz or Higher RAM : Minimum 512 MB (1 GB Recommended) Free Hard Disk Space : 400 MB (Minimum) OS Requirements Windows XP SP3 , *Windows Vista , *Windows 2003 Server, *Windows 2008 Server

Shodhganga(http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/) This project is very important for the researcher. These and dissertations are known to be the rich and unique source of information, often the only source of research work that does not find its way into various publication channels. Theses and dissertations remain an un-tapped and under-utilized asset, leading to unnecessary duplication and repetition that, in effect, is the anti-theses of research and wastage of huge resources, both human and financial. Shodhganga stands for the reservoir of Indian intellectual output stored in repository hosted and maintained by the INFLIBNET Centre.

Open Journal System ―Scholars need the means to launch a new generation of journals committed to open

access, and to help existing journals that elect to make the transition to open access…‖. Open

Journal Systems(OJS) is a journal management and publishing system that has been developed by the Public Knowledge Project through is federally funded effort to expand and improve access to research. It is a highly flexible editor operated journals management and publishing system that has been designed to reduce the time and energy devoted to the clerical and managerial tasks associated with editing a journal.

Inflibnet Regional Training Programme for Library Automation (IRTPLA) This programme is one of the popular training programmes conducted by a group of experts in recent times. It is conducted at different universities to implement automation in nearer colleges and university libraries. The response to this course is very high covering most of the states in our country. Besides the IRTPLA, short-term courses are also conducted. Many more such courses are being planned to cover the remaining areas.

Indcat: Online Union Catalogue of Indian Universities Indcat is unified Online Library Catalogue of books, theses and journals available in

major university libraries in India. This union catalogue contains bibliographic description and location of books, journals and theses, in all subject areas, available in more than 181 university libraries across the country. A web-based interface is designed to provide easy access to the merged catalogues. The INDCAT is a major source of bibliographic information that can be used for inter-library loan, collection development ad well as for copy cataloguing and retro-conversion of bibliographic records.

Database No. of Records No of Universities Books 1,41,27,338 181 Theses 2,71,581 315 Serials 35,248 223






Conclusion In the importance of higher education every library and information centre‘s role is very

important. Because without library and information resources cannot be implementing, develop and grow the education system and policy. So, Indian Govt. decides the setup the INFLIBNET centre in Ahmedabad in 1991. And its objectives are to promote and establish communication facilities to improve capability in information transfer and access, which provide support to scholarship, learning, research and academic pursuit through cooperation and involvement of agencies concerned. Information and Library Network a computer communication network for linking libraries and information centers in universities, deemed to be universities, colleges, UGC imformation centers, institutions of national importance and R&D institutions, etc. All services, activities and sources of INFLIBNET to help the education.

References 1. Arora, Jagdish; and Prakash, P. New initiatives of INFLIBNET for higher education

community. University News, 49(45), 2011, pp. 1-7&13. 2. Chandrakar, Rajesh; and Arora, Jagdish. Open Journals System: an INFLIBNET

Initiative. INFLIBNET Newsletter, 17(2-3), 2010,pp.19-22. 3. Karn, S.K., & Das, B.K. (2009). Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET): A

Boon for Higher Education in India. International Conference on Academic Libraries (ICAL-2009)(p. 698700). Delhi University.

4. Pradhan, Debasish; & Ghosh, Indrani. Participation of INFLIBNET for Academic Excellence in India. Journal of Indian Library Association, 48(1), 2012, pp.28-32.

5. Waghmode, Shivaji. Role of INFLIBNET in Growth and Development of Higher Education in India. University News, 52(06),2014, pp.10-12.

6. https://www.inflibnet.ac.in/ 7. http://www.inflibnet.ac.in/soul (Software for University Libraries). 8. https://lisschool.wordpress.com/2013/08/06/indian-phd-thesis-in-lis/

http://www.inflibnet.ac.in/soul






Bibliometrics Study of “Finance India” Journal

Dr. Nitesh V. Chore Librarian

P R Pote College of Engineering & Management. Amravati. -444602

[email protected]

Bibliometrics is a type of research method used in Library and information sciences. It is an emerging area of research in the Library and information science field. The term ―Bibliometrics‖ was first coined by Pritchard 1969, and its usage and practice can be traced back

to the second decade of this country. It is the statistical analysis of texts and information. It utilizes quantitative analysis and statistics to describe patterns of publication within a given field or body of literature. Bibliometrics is an emerging thrust area of research and has now become a well established part of information research and a quantitative approach to the description of documents. It has grown out of the realization that literature is growing and changing out of a rate with which no librarian or information worker equipped with traditional bibliographic skills and methods could keep abreast.

Imperical Laws of Bibliometrics Brad ford‟s law of scattering:

Brad ford‘s law describes the patterns of scatter of literature on a subject in various

periodicals. This is based on his paper on ‗scatter if paper on applied Geophysics and

lubrication. According to his, if scientific journal are arranged according to decreasing productivity of articles on a given subject, they can be divided into a nucleus of periodicals more particularly devoted to a subject and several other groups or zones containing the same number of articles as the nucleus when zones will be 1:n:n2 For describing the scattering phenomenon, he gave the following relation- F(x) = a +b log x Where F(x) is the cumulative no. of reference as contained in the first x most productive journal

Lotka‟s Law Lotka‘s law related to a study of the productivity of authors. He studied the productivity

of authors of frequency of publication listed in the ‗chemical abstracts‘ for the period 1907 to

1916. He found that the productivity of scientists confirmed to inverse square law such that for every 100 authors contributing one articles, 25 will contribute 2 articles, 11 will contribute 3 articles and 6 will contributes 4 articles. Based on his study of chemistry and physics literatureand a and b are constant.

Zipf‟s Law: Zipf‘s law is based on a study of the relationship of the frequency of occurrence of words

in a tent and their ranking in a descending order. According to his, people often prefer to use familiar words in text more than unfamiliar words. He stated, if words in the text are arranged in a descending order or frequency and then multiplied the numerical value of each rank (r) with its frequency and arrived at a product (c), which was constant for all the works. When a single journal is studied bibliometrically, it creates respective fields. Scientometrics is now used for the application of quantitative methods to the history of science







and overlaps with bibliometrics to a considerable a portrait of the journal, providing a description that offers an insight that is beyond the superficial. It can indicate the quality, maturity and productivity of the journal in any field, in a country or region. It also informs us about the research orientation that it supports to disseminate and its influence on author‘s choice

as a channel to communicate or retrieve information for their research needs. Almost always, the journal being studied is regarded as important or significant in the field, important enough to be studied, to make inferences that the journal speaks for authors who publishes in the field and somehow reflect the activity of research in the field. The journal being studied is often assessed on its quality characteristics, the degree of impact it achieves in a field, its ability to diffuse knowledge, the authorship and collaboration pattern it projects in the field, its national or international standing and its popularity in being the sounding board for certain areas of research in the field. In other words, single journal studies have been undertaken for various reasons transcending across various disciplines and region.

Finance India is a reputed Quarterly journal published during 2011-2017 has been taken as source for the purpose of study. Citation appended in the articles in the source journal of Finance India was collected for the study of bibliometrics.

Objecives of The Study: The study has been carried with the following objectives- 1. To verify the authorship pattern. 2. To find out the scientific productivity of journals. 3. To find out the growth in literature. 4. To find out the quantitative research output.

Scope of study: The research journals are the vehicle for scientific and scholarly communication in the

present study; Finance India is selected for the study as a source journal during the period of 2011-2017.

Methodology: Bibliometric technique was used to analyzed the citation appended in research articles

published in the Finance India. The database of the citation appended in the articles in source journal published during 2011-2017 will be developed and analyzed according to the objectives of the study. The following software will be used to developed database and analyses.

Table 1 Research Output in the form of Papers: Sr. No.

Year Vol. No. No. of Issues No. of Paper Published

Percentage %

1 2011 25 4 88 16.39% 2 2012 26 4 80 14.90% 3 2013 27 4 78 14.52% 4 2014 28 4 81 15.08% 5 2015 29 4 74 13.79% 6 2016 30 4 67 12.48% 7 2017 31 4 69 12.84% 7 28 537 100%






Table 1 and Figure1 show the year wise paper published in Finance India during 2011-2017 in all 28 issues from 7 volumes. 537 papers were published from which the highest number of papers are 88 (16.39%) in volume 25 while the lowest number of paper are 67(12.48%) in volume number 30.

Table 2 Authorship pattern No. of Authors No. of contribution Percentage % One 537 74.06% Two 149 20.56% Three 32 4.41% More than Three 7 0.97% Total 725 100%

Table 2 and figure 2 mirror the authorship pattern of contribution. It is seen that maximum number of contributions are from one author i.e. 537 (74.06%) followed by two author with 149 (20.56%), three authors have contributed 32 (4.41%) papers and more than three authors contributed 7(0.97%) contribution.

Table 3 Year wise Authorship Pattern: Table No.3 and figure 3 highlights year wise authorship pattern of contribution. Out of

contribution made by one author most of the contribution made appear in the year 2011 i.e. 87 (16.20%) while lowest contribution have been observed in 2017 i.e. it is 67 (12.47%). During 2014 to 2017 there seems to be consistency in the contribution of one author however, two author have dominated in their contribution as maximum 28 (18.79%) articles have been contributed by them. Two authors have contributed significant during all years considered for the present study.

Table 4 Distribution of Citations:

Year Vol. No.

No. of Issues

Authorship Pattern

One Two Three More than three

Total

2011 25 4 87(16.20%) 16(10.73%) 4(12.5%) 0(0%) 107(14.76%) 2012 26 4 80(14.89%) 19(12.75%) 8(25%) 1(14.28%) 108(14.89%) 2013 27 4 79(14.71%) 17(11.40%) 3(9.37%) 1(14.28%) 100(13.80%) 2014 28 4 80(14.89%) 28(18.79%) 4(12.5%) 1(14.28%) 113(15.58%) 2015 29 4 74(13.78%) 20(13.42%) 3(9.37%) 0(0%) 97(13.38%)

2016 30 4 70(13.03%) 25(16.77%) 4(12.5%) 0(0%) 99(13.66%) 2017 31 4 67(12.47%) 24(16.10%) 6(18.72%) 4(57.14%) 101(13.93%) Total 537(74.06%) 149(20.56%) 32(4.41%) 7(0.97%) 725(100%)

Sr. No

Year

Vol. no.

No. of. Articles

Issue Wise No. Of. Citations

Total

Cumulative

%

Cumulative %

1

2011

25

88

52

60

85

65

262

262

8.61% 8.61%






537 citing articles have received 3042 citations. Most of the 654 are seen in the year 2017. Followed by 629 in the year 2015. The least number of citations 235 are observed in the year 2012. The cited documents showed how they are related to the citing articles in theory and practice. Graphical display of percentagewise citation is given as below;

Conclusion The considered detail is collected using MS-Excel sheet. The field such author

institutions from which they are belong geographical distribution of author, length of articles. Data is gathered was analyzed which revealed the during result. 537 research papers were published during the period consider for the study maximum 88 articles are published in the year 2011 However there is no significant difference in quantitative research output of the published articles.

As far as authorship pattern is concerned single author have dominated as most of the contribution that is 537 are on their credit, two is 149, three is 32 and more than three is only 7. Authorship pattern indicated that collaborative authorship is gaining ground among the library professional. Never the less two authors are followed by the three authors in terms of contributions. There is a lot of scope of collaborative research in the field of social science when we considered research in science and technology. When we compare authorship pattern for each individual year, maximum contributions from one author appears in the year 2011 as 87 (16.20%) articles appear in this year. From 2011-2017 there seems to be great consistency by research output of two authors. Interestingly two authors have maximum contribution in the year 2011 as 16(10.73%). The contribution by three authors and more than three authors though have less contribution, they are visible with 32(4.41 %) and 7 (0.97%). When compare three authors and more than three with the contribution by one author and two authors they are overshadowed by the formers.

Bibliometrics with popular subject facet found in study. It is also noteworthy. Bibliometric of finance India has published as special issue Eugene Garfield who is concern with bibliometric and its similar discipline.Most of the citations 654 are seen in the year 2017 followed by 629 in the year 2015. The least number of citations 235 are observed in the year 2012.

References 1. Chapter Five Scientometrics/Bibliometrics Laws- Shodhganga Inflibnet.Ac.In/Bitstream/ 2. Devarajan ―Bibliometrics Studies‖ – New Delhi : Ess Ess.

2

2012

26

80

40

75

65

55

235

497

7.72% 16.33%

3

2013

27

78

80

115

90

102

387

884

12.72% 29.05%

4

2014

28

81

125

98

70

117

410

1294

13.47% 42.52%

5

2015

29

74

80

144

189

216

629

1923

20.67% 63.19%

6

2016

30

67

91

139

108

127

465

2388

15.28% 78.47%

7

2017

31

69

171

168

220

95

654

3042

21.49% 99.96%






3. Kalyane, V.L., Prakasan, F.R. And Kumar Vijay, (2001) Scientometric Portrait Of Ranjit Kumar Mitra, Ila Bulletine.

4. Kademani, B.S. And Other, (2006), Scientometric Dimesnions Of Thorism Research In India, Desidoc Bulletin Of Information On Technology, 26(3), P. 9-25.

5. Kalyane,V.L., Kalyane, S.V., (1991), Scientometric Dimensions Of Innovation Communication Productivity System, Annals Of Library Science And Documentation, 38 (1), P.8-29.

6. Gupta, B.M. And Dhawan, S.M.,(2005) Computer Science Research In India : A Scientometric Analysis Of Research Output During The Period 1994-2001, Desidoc Bulletion Of Information Technology, Vol. 25(1) P.3-11.

7. Deshmukh, P. P. (2011). Citation In Annals Of Library And Information Studies During 1997 To 2010: A Study. Annals Of Library And Information Studies, 355-361.

8. Alka, B., Kumari, V., Kumar, And Singh, D. (2015). Journal Of Intellectual Property Rights: A Bibliometric Analysis Of Cited Refer. Desidoc Journal Of Library & Information Technology, 436-442.

9. B.M.Gupta, Kumar, A., Gupta, R., And S.M.Dhawan. (2016). A Bibliometric Assessment Of Global Literature On "Twitter" During 2008-15. International Journal Of Information Dissemination Technology, 199-206.

10. Bansal, A. (2013). Desidoc Journal Of Library & Information Technology: A Bibliometric Analysis. Desidoc Journal Of Library & Information Technology, 412-417.

11. Kumar, M., And A.L.Moorthy. (2011). Bibliometric Analysis Of Desidoc Journal Of Library And Information Technology During 2001-2010. Desidoc Journal Of Library & Information Technology, 203-208.

12. Nagarkar, S., Veer, C., And Kumbhar, R. (2015). Bibliometric Analysis Of Papers Published By Faculty Of Life Science Department Of Savitribai Phule Pune University During1999-2013. Desidoc Journal Of Library.

13. Niscaironline Periodical Repository. (2016, Dec 25). Retrieved From Nopr.Niscair.Res.In/Handle/123456789/66.

14. Jena, K. L., K.Swain, D., And K.C.Sahoo. (2012). Annals Of Library And Information Studies, 2002-2012: A Bibliometric Study. Library Philosophy And Practice.






Knowledge Management in Libraries

Dr. Vilas P. Ubhale Mr. Manoj Sonone

Smt. Salunkabai Raut Arts and Prabhat Kids School, Akola Commerce College wanoja,

Disti. Washim

Introduction Knowledge is an expensive commodity, which if managed properly, is a major asset to the modern library. Knowledge management is concerned with the exploitation and the development of the knowledge assets of an organization with a view to furthering the organization‘s objectives. The knowledge to be managed includes both explicit, documentary

knowledge and subjective knowledge, which resides in the minds of employees. Knowledge management embraces all it is the torch, which illuminates the world. If the knowledge is to be kept radiant, it must have an impact over society. In old paradigm, ―Knowledge was Power‖

must pave way for new motto, ―Sharing Knowledge is Power‖. The demands of education in the

21st century is growing fast and indicates the direction of development towards creation of ―social capital‖ and ―wealth creation‖ through knowledge services. Knowledge Economy is a knowledge- based economy. In the Knowledge Economy era, the management refers to effectively identify, acquire, develop, resolve, use, store and share knowledge, to create an approach to transforming and sharing of tacit and explicit knowledge, and to raise the innovation capability by utilizing the wisdom of the team. Since knowledge has become the driving force for social development, the attention of the society towards information and knowledge is rising and people‘s demands for information and knowledge are increasing step by step. This has provided a good environment for library development. Moreover, as information and knowledge has become important productive knowledge. How to manage knowledge will become important subject facing libraries in the near future. Knowledge management in libraries should be focused on effective research and development of knowledge, creation of knowledge bases, exchange and sharing of knowledge among library staff.

Keyword : Knowledge Management, Knowledge Management In Academic Libraries, Roll of Librarians In Knowledge Management

Knowledge management The term knowledge management (KM) has first introduced in a 1986 key note address

to European management conference .Today there are numerous definition and article of KM found on web as well as printed forms. Knowledge Management is one of the hottest topics today in both the industry world and information research world. In our daily life, we deal with huge amount of data and information.

The growth of KM, both as a research theme and an organizational strategy, has gained significant traction throughout the past decade (Chua 2009). Knowledge management literature has described KM in various ways as ―Justified belief that increases an entity's capacity for

effective action" (Nonaka, 1994, p. 15); and the inherent capacity of organizations to act (Sveiby,






1997). It has also been defined as a ―tool to accomplish our goals faster and more effectively by

delivering the right knowledge to right person at the right time and in the right context" (Ugwu&Ezema, 2010, p. 184). Technology makes it easy to collaborate, reduces both temporal and spatial barriers in transfer of knowledge, and improves the different aspects of KM such as organization, storage, archiving and retrieval (Anantatmula and Kanungo, 2010). Knowledge management defined as a process that identify creating, capturing, organizing storing, representing and reusing knowledge to enhance organizational performance by effective and efficient use of organizational resources.(Hurley and Green, 2005; Hume Anantatmula and Kanungo, 2010). The only sustainable advance a firm has comes from what it collectively knows, how efficiently it useswhat it knows, and how quickly it acquires and uses new knowledge (Davenport and Prusak, 1998).

Knowledge Management In Academic Libraries

Many librarians claim that they alreadyperforms knowledge management activities for along time but KM (1999) said that ―KnowledgeManagement is not about managing or

organizingbooks or journals, searching the internet forclients or arranging for the circulation ofmaterials. However, each of these activities canin some way be part of knowledge managementspectrum and processes. Knowledge managementis about enhancing the use of organizationknowledge through sound practices of knowledgemanagement and organizational learning. Thus,knowledge management is a combination ofinformation management, communication, andhuman resources‖. How to manage knowledgewill become an important

subject facing librariesin near future. Knowledge management inlibraries should be focused on effective researchand development of knowledge, creation ofknowledge base, exchange and sharing ofknowledge between library staffs (including itsusers), training of library staff, speeding upexplicit processing of the implicit knowledge andrealizing of its sharing (Shanhong,2000). In manyways knowledge management incorporatesprinciples that academic librarians have developedand used with scholarly information for manyyears. It then applies these principles, and others,to organizational information in ways that createnew knowledge to improve organizationaleffectiveness (Hirshon, 1999). With the help ofthe knowledge management processes, librariesconvert data and information stored in varioussources into knowledge and deliver only relevant knowledge to users. Knowledge management within librariesinvolves organizing and providing access tointangible resources that help librarians andadministrators carry out their tasks moreeffectively and efficiently (jantz.2001).Knowledge Management is one way to developand apply the organizational knowledge needed toimprove library operations and ultimately, libraryeffectiveness. It also enables libraries to generateorganizational knowledge for higher educationinstitutions (Townely,2002). Thus Knowledgemanagement in the academic library is thecombination of different processes such asacquisition of knowledge from different sources(print, electronic and human) and classification,storing, indexing and dissemination of thatknowledge using people, process and technologyin such a way by which library could fulfill themission of the parent organization in term of user‘ssatisfaction. In academic libraries,

knowledgemanagement is about encouraging library staffand users to communicate their knowledge andexperience by creating environments and systemsfor capturing, organizing,






learning, enhancing andsharing knowledge throughout the library for thebenefit of the organization and its users. Thelibraries are moving for collection management toknowledge management and digital technologiesoffering new information services and products.

Roll of Librarians in Knowledge Management. Role of librarians in KM is not a new role but a continuation of many of the roles that the

librarians have played already with the help of information technologies. Reardon (1998) has stated that ―There is a need for significant changes in thinking, attitudes, education and training

before we can confidently face the knowledge management future that awaits in many important areas of the information and library professions‖

The Librarians should have following type of knowledge: 1. Knowledge about library‘s information sources or assets, products and services. 2. Knowledge about where these sources stored are and what is its use. 3. Knowledge about users including teaching staf and reasearcher and who is using these

information sources. 4. What are the current usage of these sources and how to increase its uses?. 5. Knowledge about the library‘s own competencies and capabilities. 6. Knowledge about the emerging library trends and technologies.

(TPFL,1999) has described following personality Attributes for Knowledge Manager:

Creativity. Ability to learn and adapt

Will and ability to create, share, harness and utilize knowledge Understanding of knowledge creation processes

Understanding the impact of knowledge Information literacy skills – creating, finding, sharing and using: Understanding of the knowledge process;

Understanding of the principles of the―Organization of knowledge‖ is key.

Anyone working in the field of knowledge and information management will require a range of skills, some of which can be grouped in the following categories which are related to knowledge and information management (Webb. 1998)

Knowledge of sources: print/electronic, internal/external, whom to ask, how to look, valuation.

Subject knowledge and understanding. Information and records management: indexing methods, database development,

thesaurus construction, retrieval/delivery methods, electronics storage, retention policy, structuring records, legislation, standards and controls.

Internal and external networks. Users/patterns of usage: needs analysis, satisfaction measures.

Current awareness services: monitoring/updating. Abstracting, new services. User advice and training.

Contribution to knowledge and information strategy.






Conclusion Knowledge Management is concerned with the entire process of discovery,

creation,dissemination and utilizationof knowledge. Librarians can use Knowledge Management to expend the library‘s role in administration and supportservices. They must have strategic goals, involve their users, and recognize technology as a functional tool. KnowledgeManagement can lead to a large role for libraries in broader academic community. Lets us hope that in the coming yearsKnowledge Management would prove a good step in the right direction of every Indian educational institutions.

Reference: 1. Anantatmula, V. S., & Kanungo, S. (2010). Modeling enablers for successful

KMimplementation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(1), 100–113. 2. Auster, E. & Choo, C. W. (1995). Managing Information for the Competitive

Edge.New York, NY: Neal Schuman. 3. Bouthillier, F., & Shearer, K. (2002). Understanding knowledge management

andinformation management: The need for an empirical perspective. InformationResearch, 8(1). Retrieved from http://InformationR.net/ir/8-1/paper141.html.

4. Butler, Y. (2000). Knowledge management if you knew what you knew. AustralianLibrary Journal, 49(1), 31-43.

5. unication and society .New Delhi: Ess-ESSPublication. (Chapter14).

6. Hayes, H. (2004). The role of libraries in the knowledge economy, Serial ,17(3),231-8 7.

Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11, 334.






Citation Analysis of Doctoral Theses in Social Work

Dr. Prince Ajaykumar T. Agashe Dr. Pritam B. Gedam Librarian Librarian

M.S.S. Institute of Social Work B.S.C.S. College of Phy. Edu. Nagpur (M.S.) Chandrapur (M.S.)

[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract Bibliometric method is used for the present study of citation analysis. Citation analysis is

the main branch of Bibliometric. Pritchard defines is Citation Analysis “The application of

mathematical & statistical method of books and other media of communication.” The present

study is confined to analyze the Doctorate Theses. For this study only the doctoral theses awarded by Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur during the period 2000 to 2005 in Social Work discipline were selected. It was a tedious task of collecting all references & citations cited in these Doctorate Theses. The present study understands the information/data need. It is one type of library source study which is used by various researchers & mentioned in the articles. It is use pattern and to analysis the subject wise distribution and authorship pattern in the Doctorate Theses. A total 16 Doctoral theses of 1467 citations have been recorded averaging 91 citations per thesis. Citations belonging to books, journals, newsletters, seminar papers, theses, and reference books containing information like bibliographic form, number of authors has been recorded and studied in Citation analysis.

Introduction Citation analysis is one of the most commonly used forms of Bibliometric studies.

Normally the bibliographical references appended to research communications are considered. Analysis of such references can reveal the relative use of different kinds of document, age of used documents, most frequently used items, preferences of country and language and the scattering of literature. Citation analysis is an activity of analyzing the citations or references. This deals with relationship between the references given by an author to the previous work. The citation have more importance than what does is generally assumed. An important use of citation lies in bibliographical work. Citation analysis study of Doctorate Theses helps to know the literature most used by the scholars and this may be used as an important source of information for selection of materials for acquisition. Citation method is used in this study to understand the information needs, use pattern and use behaviors of research scholars in the field of social work. This assessment will enable the librarian to plan for better information services and better collection development.

Objectives of the Study The present study is aims at the followings:

1. To identify the subject wise distribution of information sources used. 2. To find out the geographical distribution of the cited books. 3. To identify quantum of citations cited in the theses in the subject of social work by

researchers. 4. To find out authorship pattern of Book and Journal citations.








Hypotheses of the Study 1. The Book citations have used/cited by researcher in a exhaustive way. 2. Documents of Indian authors are preferred more in citations.

Scope and Limitation The researcher has studied Ph.D. Theses submitted to and awarded by Rashtrasant

Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur in the faculty of Social Work during the year 2000 to 2005 for the present study.

Data Analysis Citations per Thesis This analysis focuses its attention on the quantum of citations, number of citations contributed by researchers, etc. It also analyses the relation of theses with its number of citations. It is presumed that most of the researchers prefer to cite the references as per the need of the study. The present analysis will examine this presumption. In the following Table 1.1 shows average citations per thesis.

Table No. 1 Average Citations per Thesis

From the above Table it indicates that maximum theses have citations in the category of 51-100 i.e. 43.75% and minimum theses have citations in the category of 151-200 i.e. 12.50%. Trend in Submission of ThesisThis investigation undertakes quantitative bibliometrics analysis on the theses and their citations collected from Theses submitted in Rastrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur from 2000 to 2005 in Social work discipline. The time span of six years of the research in Social work discipline is helpfully the most significant. The Thesis submitted is as follows.

Table No. 2 Year wise Distribution of quantum of Thesis

Sr No.

Year of Theses Submission

No. of Theses

Percentage %

1 2000 2 12.50%

2 2001 0 0.0% 3 2002 4 25%

4 2003 1 6.25%

Sr. No. No. of Citation

No. of Theses Percentage

1 0-50

4 25%

2 51-100

7 43.75%

3 101-150

3 18.75%

4 151-200

2 12.50

Total

16 100%






5 2004 4 25%

6 2005 5 31.25%

Total Theses 16 100% Table No. 1.2 shows the total number of theses according to year of their submission. Maximum 5 theses each in the year 2005 have submitted, followed by 4 in year 2004 & 2002, 2 theses in the years 2000. 1 thesis submitted in the year 2003. There is a gap in submission of thesis during the year 2001.

Types of Documents (Forms) Cited Following Table shows the forms of documents cited by researchers. Table displays a total number of 1467 cited items in number in various physical forms. The forms decided for the investigation are, Books, Journals, Report, Reference Source, Conference/ Proceeding, Websites and Theses/ Dissertations, etc. It may be worthwhile to express the coverage of the terms used: the books include edited publications, multi-volume publications, etc; Ph.D. theses/ dissertations include doctoral research works are collectively covered. It is evident that books are the most preferred medium of all the cited forms; journals are the next highly cited form in the citations.

Table No. 3 Ranking of Forms

Rank Form of Citation No. of Citations

Percentage (%)

1 Books 765 52.15%

2 Journals 320 21.81%

3 Report / G. policy 192 13.09%

4 Reference Source 106 7.23%

5 Conference/ Proceedings 38 2.59%

6 Websites 36 2.45%

7 Theses/Dissertation 10 0.68%

Total 1467 100%

These 16 Ph. D. Theses contain a total of 1,467 citations. The ranking of cited forms shows the highest citations are from the Books. book were cited most frequently (52.15%), followed by journal (21.18%), report & govt. policy (13.09%), reference source (7.23%),conference & proceedings (2.59%), website (2.45%) and Only 10 citations of theses, dissertations were found.

Geographical Distribution of Book Citations In order to understand the geographical distribution of the cited material, one may

attempt to study the form dispersion by countries. Such a country-wise analysis reflects roles; a






country plays in producing literature of any subject of study. In the present context following Table maps the geographical areas which produced the books used as citations by researchers. It is observed that maximum books cited are published in India.

Table No. 4 Geographical Distribution of Book Citations

Sr. No.

Name of Country

No. of Books

Citation %

Cumulative Citation

Cumulative Citation %

1 INDIA

582 76.08 582 76.08

2 U.S.A.

102 13.33 684 89.41%

3 U.K.

38 4.97 722 94.38%

4 USSR

12 1.57 734 95.95%

5 EUROPE

10 1.31 744 97.25%

6 JAPAN

04 0.52 748 97.78%

7 Other One country by one citation

13 1.70 761 99.48%

Place not given

04 0.52 765 100%

Total

765 100% 765 100%

In the Table 1.4 of The country wise analysis of most cited books indicates that out of 765 cited books, 582 (76.08%) are from India, followed by USA representing 102 (13.33%) books, unidentified books are 4 covering (0.52)%.

Authorship Pattern of Book Citations: The trend of specialization in various subject fields has resulted in the exponential growth

of literature. This is also due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of subjects. Thus most of the disciplines being characterized by these factors have encouraged collaborative research. It was the presumption that there is a trend of solo research in the discipline Social Work. To test this presumption, the collected data are explicitly examined regarding the authorship pattern in Book citations.

Table No. 5 Authorship Pattern for Book citations

Sr. No.

No. of Authors

Total Citations

% Indian Authors

% Foreign Authors

%

1 One 629 82.22% 478 62.48% 151 19.74%

2 Two 108 14.12% 82 10.72% 26 3.40%






3 Three 28 3.66% 22 2.88% 6 0.78%

Total 765 100% 582 76.08% 183 23.92%

Table 1.5 indicates the authorship pattern of book citations. A comparative statement of Indian & Foreign authorship pattern has been shown. The findings shows that highest citations are by single author out of 765 citations of books are 629(82.22%), citations are by single author. In the single authorship pattern, the foreign author‘s contribution is 151 (19.74%). In general, the

Indian authors contribute 76.08%, while foreign authors contribute 23.92%.

Authorship Pattern of Journal Citations: The collected data are explicitly examined regarding the authorship pattern in Journal citations.

Table No. 6 Authorship Pattern for Journal citations

Sr. No.

No. of Authors

Total Citations %

Indian Authors %

Foreign Authors %

1 One 263 82.19% 239 74.69% 24 7.50%

2 Two

41 12.81% 31 9.69% 10 3.13%

3 Three

16 5% 9 2.81% 7 2.19%

Total 320 100% 279 87.19% 41 12.83%

The findings shows that highest citations are by single author out of 320 total citations of journal are 263(82.19%), citations are by single author. In the single authorship pattern, the foreign author‘s contribute 24(7.50%).

Conclusion Citation method is used in this study to understand the information needs, use pattern and use behaviors of research scholars in the field of social work. Total 1467 citations from 16 theses were analyzed by using citation analysis techniques and following conclusions. Highest number of citations recorded is from Book Source i.e. 765 (52.15%), Journal Source is the next favored category of the researcher‘s i.e. 320 (21.81%) citations. It is observed from the Geographical distribution of Book citations that the maximum number of Book citations belonged to the INDIA. i.e. 582 (76.08%). It is concluded from the authorship pattern study that the works of single author has been cited frequently in Book citations. i.e. 629 (82.22%). It is concluded from the authorship pattern study that the works of joint author has been cited frequently in Book citations. i.e. 108 (14.12%). In Book citations authorship pattern, overall contribution indicates that Indian author‘s percentage 76.08%, while foreign author‘s percentage is 23.92% as well as

in Journal citations authorship pattern in general, the Indian authors contribute 87.19%, while foreign authors contribute 12.83%. During the six years tenure (2000-2005) 16 theses were awarded by Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur. There are gap in submission of thesis during the year 2001. This assessment will enable the librarian to plan for better information services and better collection development.






References 1. Ahuja, Ram (2002) Research Methods. New Delhi, Ravel Publication. P.42. 2. Alan Pritchard (1969) Bibliometrics. In Kumar, P.S.G. (2004) A Students Manual of

Library and Information Science. 2nd ed. New Delhi. B.R. Publishing Co, p. 927. 3. Bandyopadhya, Amit Kumar and Nandi, Amitava (2001) ‗Citation Analysis of

References Used in Doctoral Dissertations of Political Science‘, Herald of Library

Science, Vol.40, No.3-4, Jul-Oct., pp.192-200. 4. Barooah, P.K., Begum D. And Sharma, N.N. (1994) ‗Bibliometric Study of Doctoral

Dissertations in Organic Chemistry Submitted by S&T Workers Of RRL, Jorhat to Evaluate the Utility Factor of the Library‘, Annals of Library Science and

Documentation, Vol.46, No.1, Mar., pp.1-8. 5. Chudamani, K.S.; Sandhya, B.C. (1999) Selection of Journals Based on the Impact

Factors: A Case Study [online], http://hdl.handle.net/1849/261, Available from: https://drtc.isibang.ac.in/handle/1849/261, (Accessed 05 January 2019)

6. Das, Anup Kumar; Sen, B.K., (2001) Indian Journal of Medical Research – an analysis of citation pattern [online], http://hdl.handle.net/1849/205 Available from: https://drtc.isibang.ac.in/handle/1849/205 (Accessed 03 January 2019)

7. Doraswamy M. (2006) ‗Analysis of Citations Cited in Ph.D Theses in Botany‘, Indian

Journal of Information, Library & Society, Vol.19, No.3-4, Jan-Jun., pp.16. 8. Garfield, E. (1970) ‗Citation Index for Studying‘, Science Nature, London, p. 227. 9. Gooden Angela M. (2001) Citation Analysis of Chemistry Doctoral Dissertations: An

Ohio State University Case Study [online], Science and Technology Librarianship, Available from: http://istl.org/01-fall/refereed.html (Accessed 08 January 2019)

10. Pritchard (1969) In David Nicholas and Maureen Ritchie (1975) Literature and Bibliometric. London, Clive Binaley, p.9.

11. Rao, Subba, S.A. and Prasad, K.H.H., (1985) ‗Citation Analysis of Papers of an Indian

Chemical Journal‘, 15th IASLIC Conference; 1985, pp.41-46.

12. Slazenger D. and Stephenson M. (n.d.) In Kothari.C.R. op. cit. p.1 Springerlink.com [online], Available from http://www.springerlink.com/ content/j 670335744317388/ (Accessed 08 January 2019)

13. Vaishnav, A. A. and Dharmapurikar, R.G. (1990) ‗Citation analysis of the Herald of

Library Science‘, Herald of Library Science, 29 (3-4), pp.252-60. 14. White Emile (1958) ‗Bibliometric‘, Special Libraries Vol.76 (1), winter, p.35. 15. Winstock, M. (1971) Citation Indexes in Encyclopedia of Library and Information

Science, Ed. By H. Allenkent, Vol.15, New York, Mancel Decker, p.20. 16. Young P.V. (n.d.) In Girdhari, D.G. (2002) Research methodology in social science.

Aurangabad, Uday Publication, p.109.

http://hdl.handle.net/1849/261

https://drtc.isibang.ac.in/handle/1849/261


https://drtc.isibang.ac.in/handle/1849/205

http://istl.org/01-fall/refereed.html

http://www.springerlink.com/%20content/j%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20670335744317388/

http://www.springerlink.com/%20content/j%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20670335744317388/






Role of Librarian as NAAC Coordinator While Facing NAAC: A Practical Experience

Dr. Sachin G. Mahajan

Librarian, Arts, Science & Commerce College, Chikhaldara [email protected]

Abstract: The author is working as Librarian, coordinator of IQAC and NAAC III Cycle. He has

recently faced the NAAC as per new online submission and AA process. He has tried to summarize the important facts in the new AA process. He has shared his practical experiences and steps designed for the overall preparation of NAAC.

Keywords : NAAC, Library, IQAC, QIF, Steps for NAAC, NAAC preparation

Introduction : There are various questions while going through the assessment process like, how to

start, how to plan, how to arrange, how to file, how to present and how to face. The author has tried to summarize all the important things given in the guidelines of NAAC and prepared systematic steps which may helps to answer all the questions raised while facing NAAC.

It is heartening that National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) has brought in new spirit into its process of assessment and accreditation. The revised process is being adopted from July 2017. The focus of the revision process has been to enhance the redeeming features of the accreditation process and make them more robust, objective, transparent and scalable The accreditation framework of NAAC is thus based on five core values detailed below.

(i) Contributing to National Development (ii) Fostering Global Competencies among Students (iii)Inculcating a Value System among Students (iv) Promoting the Use of Technology (v) Quest for Excellence

Revised Assessment and Accreditation Framework 2018 1. The Revised Assessment and Accreditation (A&A) Framework was launched in July 2017. 2. It represents an explicit paradigm shift making it ICT enabled, objective, transparent,

scalable and robust. 3. The shift is from qualitative peer judgment to data based quantitative indicator evaluation

with Increased objectivity and transparency towards extensive use of ICT confirming scalability and robustness in terms of simplification of the process drastic reduction in number of questions, size of the report, visit days, and so on

4. Introducing pre-qualifier for peer team visit, as 30% of system generated score 5. Introducing System Generated Scores (SGS) with combination of online evaluation (about

70%) and peer judgement (about 30%) 6. Introducing the element of third party validation of data in providing appropriate differences

in the metrics, weightages and benchmarks to universities, autonomous colleges and affiliated/constituent colleges in revising several metrics to bring in enhanced participation of students and alumni in the assessment process






Distribution of Metrics and KIs across Criteria

Type of HEIs Universities Autonomous Colleges

Affiliated/Constituent Colleges

Criteria 7 7 7

Key Indicators (KIs) 34 34 32

Qualitative Metrics (QlM) 38 38 41

Quantitative Metrics (QnM) 99 98 80

Total Metrics (QlM + QnM) 137 136 121

Quality Indicator Framework (QIF)

The criteria based assessment forms the backbone of A&A process of NAAC. The seven criteria represent the core functions and activities of a HEI. In the revised framework not only the academic and administrative aspects of institutional functioning but also the emerging issues have been included. The Seven Criteria to serve as basis for assessment of HEIs are: 1. Curricular Aspects 2. Teaching-Learning and Evaluation 3. Research, Innovations and Extension 4. Infrastructure and Learning Resources 5. Student Support and Progression 6. Governance, Leadership and Management 7. Institutional Values and Best Practices

Institutional Information for Quality Assessment (IIQA) and Self Study Report (SSR) 1. The three level accreditation processes is more ICT enabled with Student Satisfaction Survey

and Data Verification and Validation adding value to the process. 2. The first level is submission of Institutional Information for Quality Assessment (IIQA)

which is more or less similar to the Letter of Intent (LoI) of the earlier process. 3. The AISHE reference number/code is mandatory at the application stage itself and affiliating

Institutions can submit a self declaration with reference to the latest affiliation status. 4. On acceptance of the IIQA, institutions can submit their data /information online in the

formats provided as Manuals for Self Study Report (SSR). 5. There would be no requirement for submission of hard copies of the SSR. 6. The formats for submission of online SSR are available on NAAC website.

Data Validation and Verification (DVV) and Pre-qualifier Score 1. At the second level, data /information submitted in the SSR will be subjected to an online

assessment mechanism/process with Data Validation and Verification (DVV) process after an online evaluation generating a pre-qualifier score.






2. Institutions securing 30% on the quantitative metrics will qualify for onsite peer review/ assessment. The pre-qualifier scores are exclusive of the Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS).

Preparation towards Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS) 1. The introduction of Student Satisfaction Survey (SSS) is an attempt to engage students who

are the main stakeholders in the quality assurance process. 2. The SSS is conducted concurrent to the DVV. 3. The scores obtained in the SSS will be part of the overall CGPA. 4. For taking the Student Satisfaction Survey institutions will be required to submit the details

of all the students enrolled in the institution. 5. NAAC will randomly select students for the survey to be responded on the questionnaire of

NAAC. 6. Response from 10% of the enrolled students qualifies for scoring on the metric.

Onsite Assessment - Peer Review by Visiting Teams The onsite assessment will be a peer review by visiting teams nominated by NAAC and

will focus on the assessment of the information provided on the qualitative metrics. The quantitative and qualitative metrics are distributed in proportion of around 2/3rd and 1/3 rd respectively.Institutions scoring 30% and above qualify for the third level of A&A which would have two sub processes viz. Onsite assessment by visiting Peer Teams and generation of results by the NAAC.

a. An onsite assessment of the qualitative components of the SSR by a visiting team resulting in generation of a qualitative report of the institution identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges(SWOC) and assigning scores as per the performance on each of the qualitative metric.

b. On completion of onsite evaluation NAAC will combine the scores assigned by the teams, the pre-qualifier scores and the SSS to arrive at overall Criterion wise Grade Point Averages CrGPA).

c. The final outcome will be placed for approval of Executive council of NAAC before declaring the Accreditation status and the institutional Grade.

d. Based on the size and scope of academic offerings at the HEIs, the number of days and experts for onsite visit may vary from 2-3 days with 2-5 expert reviewers visiting the institutions.

e. The visiting teams‘ role would be very specific in the revised model limited to

Qualitative Metrics (QlM). The teams would play an important role in reviewing the intangible aspects.

f. Unlike in the past NAAC will not pre-disclose the details of the visiting teams and HEIs will not be responsible for Logistics for the Visiting Teams. NAAC will make necessary logistics.

The Grading Pattern – Introduction of Grade Qualifiers Range of Institutional Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) Letter Grade Status

3.51-4.00 A++ Accredited

3.26-3.50 A+ Accredited






3.01-3.25 A Accredited

2.76-3.00 B++ Accredited

2.51-2.75 B+ Accredited 2.01-2.50 B Accredited 1.51-2.00 C Accredited ≤ 1.50 D Not Accredited

Expectation from Library by NAAC in terms of Qualitative and Quantitative metrics: 1. Section wise arrangement of library like (Acquisition, Circulation, Reference, Reading,

Stack, Digital Library Section, OPAC, etc.) 2. Automation of library with Bar-coding 3. Online library resources, consortium, digital information section 4. Automation of library services 5. Web based library services 6. Per day usage of library, its records of five years 7. MIS reports of library software 8. Funds utilized for procurement of Books, Journal, E-resources and Online resources for

last five years 9. Extension activities carried out to promote library services and to provide library services

to local people 10. Co-curricular activities to promote research, teaching & learning and library use

Systematic Approach to Face NAAC : 1. Formation of NAAC / IQAC committee which will responsible for quantitative data,

qualitative information and all other things mention below 2. Timeline for preparation SSR 3. Study of SSR and Grade Sheet of other Universities which have already faced NAAC in new

online system 4. Distribution of data templates in all related departments 5. Assessment of departments and office to fulfill the NAAC requirements 6. Collection of data as per NAAC templates 7. Collection of various reports, photos, documents of evidences etc. of various porgrammes

and minutes, proceedings, circulars, evidences, photo etc. of various committees formed in the university as supporting information to be uploaded with SSR

8. Preparation of departmental profile and power point presentations supported by various files and display

9. Preparation of documents and files of office section wise 10. IQAC presentation, documentation and display 11. Verification and correction of data and supporting information by NAAC / IQAC committee 12. Scanning of supporting information to upload with SSR 13. Update website as per NAAC requirement 14. List of Links of information uploaded on institutional website as per NAAC guidelines 15. Criteria wise file preparation and indexing 16. Writing of IIQA






17. Writing of Executive Summary (Introductory Note on the Institution: location, vision mission, type of the institution etc., Criterion-wise Summary, SWOC, additional information , Over all conclusive explication)

18. Profile of the University 19. Extended Profile of the University 20. Evaluative report of the Departments 21. Writing of QLM by NAAC / IQAC committee 22. Submission of IIQA and NAAC fee 23. Data feeding in the online templates provided by NAAC 24. Verification of all the above things by NAAC / IQAC committee 25. Attachment of additional information with QLM or QNM as per guidelines of NAAC 26. Opt out the 5% of non applicable metrics, prior to final submission of SSR to NAAC 27. Submission of SSR and NAAC fees 28. Preparation of Hon‘ble Vice Chancellor‘s Presentation 29. Planning of Cultural Programme, Alumni Meet, Parents Meet and Students Meet 30. Planning of actual NAAC team visit as per provided schedule (Hospitality, Local

Transportation, Schedule of Presentation, Schedule of Departmental visit, Document verification, Report writing, etc.)

31. Formation of various committees to look after the items in 30 32. Mock team visit 33. DVV clarifications 34. Students satisfaction survey at list more than 50% for good score 35. Actual NAAC visit 36. After visit always keep in contact of NAAC website Refrences :

1. Institutional Accreditation Manual for Affiliated/Constituent Colleges Effective from July 2017 published by National Assessment and Accreditation Council, An Autonomous Institution of the University Grants Commission, India p. 1-133

2. www.naac.gov.in






Challenges Face to Implement Knowledge Management System : A Survey of Academic Libraries of Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University,

Nagpur,

Dr. Sanjay Madhukarrao Salwe Librarian & Head. Dept. Of LIS,

Shri. Ramrao Sarnaik College of Social Work, Washim Dist. Washim (Mah.)

[email protected] cell No. 9881388873

Abstract: The author tried to study the Challenges face to implements Knowledge Management system in Academic Libraries of RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur. The measure consist two parts related to challenges face to implement knowledge management and Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice. It was having questions like challenges to implements knowledge management systems, challenges of knowledge management, challenges which organization faces in implementing knowledge management practices etc. Form this researcher could find out challenges in implementing proper knowledge management practices in library. A standard questionnaire was designed to collect the required information. The constructs of the study, which were from established scales, were measured on a 5 point Likert type scale 1 to 5 (Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree). And Chi-square test was use to compare an observed group of frequencies with an expected group of frequencies. The respondents agree that through patience, persistence and hard work, one can be a truly effective leader just as long as you make the efforts needed. Good leaders follow their personal values as well as organizational values.

Keyword: Knowledge Management, Academic Libraries KM Challenges, KM Practices

Introduction: Knowledge Management has emerged as a key concern of organizations. Earlier

librarians have been regarded as part of the supportive staff of the organization, working quietly in the background, often uninvolved in any of the critical functions of the organization. Patricia Battin and Brian Hawkins (1998) made the following observation: ―Librarians can no longer

meet the information needs of faculty and students through the traditional avenue of simply adding to their collections.‖ As librarian extends their expertise beyond collection management

to knowledge management, their expertise in selecting, organizing, and preserving information to new forms of less formal, unpublished material, one must be willing to get outside the routines and the walls of the traditional library and work more directly with technologists, faculty, and students. It means librarians will not be merely the custodians of information but they will act as knowledge managers who will work with users in collecting and analyzing strategic intelligence and to act as trainers and consultants to transfer knowledge throughout the organization. In this new role the knowledge managers will be : Knowledge Management Developers, working more closely with faculty and students to

design, organize, and maintain a broader range of digital assets;







Knowledge Management integrators, having a more active role in the educational and research mission of university, integrating information resources and services in course and research projects;

Knowledge Management educators; teaching and training students and faculty information literacy and how to organize, preserve, and share their own information resources;

Knowledge Management : White (2004) defines Knowledge Management as ―a process of creating, storing, sharing

and re-using organisational knowledge (know-how) to enable an organisation to achieve its goals and objectives.‖

nowledge Management in Academic Libraries : The main functions of an academic institute are education and research. To achieve these functions there is a need to use the whole knowledge and information accurately, precisely and systematically. Academic libraries, now days known as information centres, are established in support of the mission of their parent institutions to generate knowledge, and people equipped with knowledge in order to serve the society and advance the well-being of mankind. In the digital age, academic libraries face challenges from both within (academia) and without (the business sector). (Branin, 2004). Implementation of knowledge management enhances the traditional functions of academic library. Academic departments, or even faculty and students, may purchase or build their own portals to meet their academic or research needs.

Objectives of Knowledge Management in Libraries : In the knowledge economy era, the libraries attach importance to vocational training and

lifelong education of library staff to raise their knowledge level and ability of acquiring and innovating knowledge. The main objectives of implementing knowledge management in an academic library are:

An all-round improvement of library staffs. To promote relationships in and between libraries and library users. To promote knowledge innovation.

To strengthen knowledge inter-networking and to quicken knowledge flow. To carry out searches on development and application of information resources.

Rashtra Sant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur At a Glance: Rashtra Sant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur is one of the oldest universities in India established by the underlying ideas of Rao Bahaaddur, V.R. Pandit, Nagpur University Library was set up in the year 1923. The opening ceremony of library building was held on 8th January 1927. The library was regarded as the biggest library in this region. Main library is located at Ramdaspeth and branch library is located at Mahatma Phule University campus. Recently this library has been named after former Vice Chancellor Dr. V. B. Alias Bhausaheb Kolte Library. Library caters to the needs of Post graduate students, teaching and administrative staff of Nagpur and research scholars. The total number of colleges affiliated to the University are 609 including Languages, Fine Arts, Humanities, Science, Social Science, Law, Education, Engineering and Technology, Arts and Commerce






Objectives of the Study The allied objectives are to study the proportion of Knowledge management System

adopted in Academic Libraries. 1. To study the challenges face to implements of Knowledge Management system. 2. To study the Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge

management practice.

Scope and Limitations of the Study : The study was limited to 609 colleges libraries affiliated to RashtraSant Tukdoji Maharaj

Nagpur University, Nagpur including Languages, Fine Arts, Humanities, Science, Social Science, Law, Education, Arts and Commerce, Engineering and technological academic libraries.

Research Methodology: The measure consist two parts related to role of librarian in knowledge management

process and practices. The questions were regarding to the role and qualities of Library and Information Science professionals in KM process. How to do application of KM practices in libraries. A standard questionnaire was designed to collect the required information. The constructs of the study, which were from established scales, were measured on a 5 point Likert type scale 1 to 5 (Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree). And Chi-square test was use to compare an observed group of frequencies with an expected group of frequencies. 609 questionnaires were distributed; out of which 347 were receive from 609 affiliated colleges of Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur. The analysis reveals the response received, out of 302 Colleges from Nagpur 177(61.54%) responded, out of 65 colleges from Bhandara 40 (57.50%) responded, out of 40 colleges from Gondia 23 (55.95%) responded, out of 84 colleges from Chandrapur 47 (46.67%) responded, out of 73 colleges from Wardha 39 (53.42%) responded.

Analysis and Interpretation: Table No. 01: Challenges of knowledge management

Sr.No.

Challenges of knowledge management

Strongly Disagree

Disagree Not Sure

Agree Strongly Agree

df Chiʌ2

1 Intellectual challenge to manage tacit knowledge and pull the relevant information from the overflowing reservoir of information

1.2 (4)

2.3 (8)

22.5 (78)

60.2 (209)

11.5 (40)

4 419.8a*

2 Cultural challenge to develop the right culture and environment of sharing and creating knowledge

1.2 (4)

- 21.6 (75)

57.6 (200)

19.6 (68)

3 232.4b

3 Challenge of - 3.5 11.0 64.6 21.0 3 311.1b






managing central knowledge repositories for the parent organisation by compiling documented explicit knowledge

(12) (38) (224) (73)

4 Challenge of being well equipped in technological know-how to work effectively and efficiently, as well as work collaboratively with IT experts

- 11.5 (40)

18.2 (63)

47.3 (164)

23.1 (80)

3 101.0b

5 Challenge of knowledge editing by refining and re-packaging information in most innovative ways to make it accessible cost and time effectively

5.8 (20)

5.8 (20)

8.6 (30)

59.7 (207)

20.2 (70)

4 365.5a

6 Challenge of being excellent knowledge janitors as subject experts

1.2 (4)

- 17.0 (59)

58.2 (202)

23.6 (82)

3 241.2b

7 Challenge of digitising library resources for and easy access

3.5 (12)

- 16.7 (58)

62.0 (215)

17.9 (62)

3 270.6b

8 Challenge of managing of knowledge as an asset

2.3 (8)

4.6 (16)

8.6 (30)

67.7 (235)

16.7 (58)

4 514.8a

9 Challenge of updating available knowledge regularly in order to remove obsolete information and avail the most updated information

- - 11.8 (41)

66.9 (232)

21.3 (74)

2 180.2c

10 Challenge of time management, proactive attitude and self-confidence to provide quality services to the library patrons

2.3 (8)

3.5 (12)

7.5 (26)

66.0 (229)

20.7 (72)

4 496.1a

11 Challenge of collaboration with teaching faculty and students

- 2.3 (8)

8.4 (29)

68.6 (238)

20.7 (72)

3 376.1b






12 Challenge of developing ability to cope with change management

1.2 (4)

4.6 (16)

7.2 (25)

69.5 (241)

17.6 (61)

4 556.4a

Source: Computed from the survey data, Numbers indicated in round parenthesis. a. The Minimum expected cell frequency is 67.8. Table values of 4df at 5% level of

significant is 9.49. b. The Minimum expected cell frequency is 86.8. Table values of 3df at 5% level of

significant is 7.82 c. The Minimum expected cell frequency is 69.4. Table values of 4df at 5% level of

significant is 9.49. d. The Minimum expected cell frequency is 115.7. Table values of 2df at 5% level of

significant is 5.99. H0 :There is no significant difference between the statement ―Intellectual challenge to

manage tacit knowledge and pull the relevant information from the overflowing reservoir of information‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.

.H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Intellectual challenge to manage

tacit knowledge and pull the relevant information from the overflowing reservoir of information‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.

The calculated value of X2 for the ―Intellectual challenge to manage tacit knowledge and

pull the relevant information from the overflowing reservoir of information‖ and Challenges of

knowledge management is 419.8 and the table value of X2 for 4 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 9.49. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence There is significant difference between the statement ―Intellectual challenge to manage tacit knowledge and pull the relevant information from the overflowing reservoir of information‖ and Challenges of knowledge management. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Cultural challenge to

develop the right culture and environment of sharing and creating knowledge‖

and Challenges of knowledge management. .H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Cultural challenge to

develop the right culture and environment of sharing and creating knowledge‖

and Challenges of knowledge management. The calculated value of X2

for the ―Cultural challenge to develop the right culture and

environment of sharing and creating knowledge‖ and Challenges of knowledge management is

232.4 and the table value of X2 for 3 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Cultural challenge to develop the

right culture and environment of sharing and creating knowledge‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of managing

central knowledge repositories for the parent organisation by compiling documented explicit knowledge‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.






.H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of managing

central knowledge repositories for the parent organisation by compiling documented explicit knowledge‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.

The calculated value of X2 for the ―Challenge of managing central knowledge

repositories for the parent organisation by compiling documented explicit knowledge‖ and

Challenges of knowledge management is 311.1 and the table value of X2 for 3 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of managing central knowledge repositories for the parent organisation by compiling documented explicit knowledge‖ and Challenges of knowledge management. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of being well

equipped in technological know-how to work effectively and efficiently, as well as work collaboratively with IT experts‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management. .H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of being well

equipped in technological know-how to work effectively and efficiently, as well as work collaboratively with IT experts‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management. The calculated value of X2

for the ―Challenge of being well equipped in technological

know-how to work effectively and efficiently, as well as work collaboratively with IT experts‖

and Challenges of knowledge management is 101.0 and the table value of X2 for 3 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of being well equipped in technological know-how to work effectively and efficiently, as well as work collaboratively with IT experts‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of knowledge

editing by refining and re-packaging information in most innovative ways to make it accessible cost and time effectively‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.

.H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of knowledge

editing by refining and re-packaging information in most innovative ways to make it accessible cost and time effectively‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.

The calculated value of X2 for the ―Challenge of knowledge editing by refining and re-

packaging information in most innovative ways to make it accessible cost and time effectively‖

and Challenges of knowledge management is 365.5 and the table value of X2 for 4 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 9.49. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of knowledge editing by refining and re-packaging information in most innovative ways to make it accessible cost and time effectively‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management.






H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of being excellent knowledge janitors as subject experts‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management. .H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of being

excellent knowledge janitors as subject experts‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.

The calculated value of X2 for the ―Challenge of being excellent knowledge janitors as

subject experts‖ and Challenges of knowledge management is 241.2 and the table value of X2 for

3 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of being excellent knowledge janitors as subject experts‖ and

Challenges of knowledge management. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of digitising

library resources for and easy access‖ and Challenges of knowledge management. .H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of digitising

library resources for and easy access‖ and Challenges of knowledge management. The calculated value of X2

for the ―Challenge of digitising library resources for and easy

access‖ and Challenges of knowledge management is 270.6 and the table value of X2 for 3 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of digitising library resources for and easy access‖ and

Challenges of knowledge management. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of managing

of knowledge as an asset‖ and Challenges of knowledge management. .H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of managing of

knowledge as an asset‖ and Challenges of knowledge management. The calculated value of X2

for the ―Challenge of managing of knowledge as an asset‖ and

Challenges of knowledge management is 514.8 and the table value of X2 for 4 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 9.49. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of managing of knowledge as an asset‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of updating

available knowledge regularly in order to remove obsolete information and avail the most updated information‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.

.H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of updating

available knowledge regularly in order to remove obsolete information and avail the most updated information‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.

The calculated value of X2 for the ―Challenge of updating available knowledge regularly

in order to remove obsolete information and avail the most updated information‖ and Challenges

of knowledge management is 180.2 and the table value of X2 for 2 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 5.99. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence There is significant difference between the statement






―Challenge of updating available knowledge regularly in order to remove obsolete information

and avail the most updated information‖ and Challenges of knowledge management. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of time

management, proactive attitude and self-confidence to provide quality services to the library patrons‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.

.H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of time

management, proactive attitude and self-confidence to provide quality services to the library patrons‖ and Challenges of knowledge management.

The calculated value of X2 for the ―Challenge of time management, proactive attitude and

self-confidence to provide quality services to the library patrons‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management is 496.1 and the table value of X2 for 4 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 9.49. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of

time management, proactive attitude and self-confidence to provide quality services to the library patrons‖ and Challenges of knowledge management. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of

collaboration with teaching faculty and students‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management. .H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of collaboration

with teaching faculty and students‖ and Challenges of knowledge management. The calculated value of X2

for the ―Challenge of collaboration with teaching faculty and

students‖ and Challenges of knowledge management is 376.1 and the table value of X2 for 3

degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of collaboration with teaching faculty and students‖ and

Challenges of knowledge management. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of developing

ability to cope with change management‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management. H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of developing

ability to cope with change management‖ and Challenges of knowledge

management. The calculated value of X2

for the ―Challenge of developing ability to cope with change

management‖ and Challenges of knowledge management is 556.4 and the table value of X2 for 4 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 9.49. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Challenge of developing ability to cope with change management‖ and

Challenges of knowledge management. Table No. 01 reveals the results for challenges faced for knowledge management. The responses for ―Intellectual challenge to manage tacit knowledge and pull the relevant

information from the overflowing reservoir of information‖ 4 (1.2%) respondents strongly

disagree, 8 (2.3%) respondents are disagree, 78(22.5%) respondents are not sure, 209(60.2%) respondents agree and 40(11.5%) respondents strongly agree.






The responses for ―Cultural challenge to develop the right culture and environment of

sharing and creating knowledge‖ 4 (1.2%) respondents strongly disagree, 75(21.6%) respondents

are not sure, 200 (57.6%) respondents agree and 68 (19.6%) respondents strongly agree. The responses for ―Challenge of managing central knowledge repositories for the parent

organisation by compiling documented explicit knowledge‖12 (3.5%) respondents disagree,

38(11.0%) respondents are not sure, 224(64.6%) respondents agree and 73(21.0%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Challenge of being well equipped in technological know-how to work effectively and efficiently, as well as work collaboratively with IT experts‖ 40(11.5%)

respondents disagree, 63(8.2%) respondents are not sure, 164(47.3%) respondents agree and 80 (23.1%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Challenge of knowledge editing by refining and re-packaging information in most innovative ways to make it accessible cost and time effectively‖ 20 (5.8%)

respondents strongly disagree, 20 (5.8%) respondents disagree, 30 (8.6%) respondents are not sure, 207(59.7%) respondents agree and 70 (20.2%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Challenge of being excellent knowledge janitors as subject experts‖

4(1.2%) respondents strongly disagree, 59 (17.0%) respondents are not sure, 202(58.2%) respondents agree and 82 (23.6%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―digitizing library resources for easy access‖ 12 (3.5%) respondents strongly disagree, 58 (16.7%) respondents are not sure, 215 (62.2%) respondents agree and 62 (17.9%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Challenge of managing of knowledge as an asset‖ 8(2.3%)

respondents strongly disagree, 16 (4.6%) respondents disagree, 30 (8.6%) respondents are not sure, 235 (67.7%) respondents agree and 58 (16.7%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses ―Challenge of updating available knowledge regularly in order to remove

obsolete information and avail the most updated information‖ 41(11.8%) respondents are not

sure, 232 (66.9%) respondents agree and 74 (21.3%) respondents strongly agree. The responses for ―Challenge of time management, proactive attitude and self-confidence

to provide quality services to the library patrons‖ 8 (2.3%) respondents strongly disagree, 12

(3.5%) respondents disagree, 26 (7.5%) respondents are not sure respondents, 229 (66.0%) respondents agree and 72 (20.7%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Challenge of collaboration with teaching faculty and students‖ 8

(2.3%) respondents disagree, 29 (8.4%) respondents are not sure, 238 (68.6%) respondents agree and 72 (20.7%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Challenge of developing ability to cope with change management‖

4(1.2%) respondents strongly disagree, 16(4.6%) respondents disagree, 25(7.2%) respondents are not sure, 241(69.5%) respondents agree and 61(17.6%) respondents strongly agree.

Respondents agree that knowledge management is challenging job. User‘s changing needs lead to the change in strategy towards achieving the goals of user satisfaction. Meeting the challenges and satisfying the users is difficult in knowledge management.






Table No.02 : Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice

Sr.No

Organisation faces various challenges in implementing its Knowledge management practice

Strongly Disagree

Disagree Not Sure

Agree Strongly Agree

df Chiʌ2

1 Data Accuracy 3.7 (13)

3.5 (12)

6.6 (23)

50.4 (175)

35.7 (124)

4 328.0a

2 Data interpretation -

4.6 (16)

9.2 (32)

50.1 (174)

36.0 (125)

3 196.9b

3 Data Relevancy -

3.5 (12)

13.8 (48)

51.6 (179)

31.1 (108)

3 185.0b

4 Ability of the Data to support / deny hypotheses

- 3.5 (12)

30.5 (106)

41.8 (145)

24.2 (84)

3 107.9b

5 Legitimacy -

6.9 (24)

21.9 (76)

38.5 (134)

32.6 (113)

3 80.401b

6 Electronic Information Resources

- - 9.8 (34)

54.5 (189)

35.7 (124)

2 104.8c

7 Lack of Scalability 1.2 (4)

1.2 (4)

20.7 (72)

45.8 (159)

31.1 (108)

4 260.5a

8 Reality 1.2 (4)

2.6 (9)

15.6 (54)

55.3 (192)

25.4 (88)

4 339.2a

9 Search engines 2.3 (8)

2.3 (8)

13.3 (46)

66.9 (232)

15.3 (53)

4 501.4a

10 Evaluation 2.3 (8)

2.3 (8)

9.8 (34)

60.2 (209)

25.4 (88)

4 412.5a

11 Use of Information 2.3 (8)

2.3 (8)

9.8 (34)

60.2 (209)

25.4 (88)

4 412.5a

12 Choice of Online -

4.6 (16)

12.1 (42)

55.6 (193)

27.7 (96)

3 211.9b

Source: Computed from the survey data, Numbers indicated in round parenthesis. a. The Minimum expected cell frequency is 69.4. Table values of 4df at 5% level of

significant is 9.49.






b. The Minimum expected cell frequency is 86.8. Table values of 3df at 5% level of significant is 7.82

c. The Minimum expected cell frequency is 115.7. Table values of 2df at 5% level of significant is 5.99.

H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Data Accuracy‖ and

Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice.

.H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Data Accuracy‖ and


The calculated value of X2 for the ―Data Accuracy‖ and Challenges faced by organisation

in implementing its Knowledge management practice is 328.0 and the table value of X2 for 4 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 9.49. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Data Accuracy‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in

implementing its Knowledge management practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Data interpretation‖ and


. H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Data interpretation‖ and


The calculated value of X2 for the ―Data interpretation‖ and Challenges faced by

organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice is 196.9 and the table value of X2 for 3 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Data interpretation‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in

implementing its Knowledge management practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Data Relevancy‖ and


H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Data Relevancy‖ and


The calculated value of X2 for the ―Data Relevancy‖ and Challenges faced by

organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice is 185.0 and the table value of X2 for 3 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Data Relevancy‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in

implementing its Knowledge management practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Ability of the Data to

support / deny hypotheses‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in implementing

its Knowledge management practice.






H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Ability of the Data to

support / deny hypotheses‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in implementing

its Knowledge management practice. The calculated value of X2

for the ―Ability of the Data to support / deny hypotheses‖ and

Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice is 107.9 and the table value of X2 for 3 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Ability of the Data to support / deny

hypotheses‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge management

practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Legitimacy‖ and


H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Legitimacy‖ and


The calculated value of X2 for the ―Legitimacy‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in

implementing its Knowledge management practice is 80.401 and the table value of X2 for 3 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Legitimacy‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in

implementing its Knowledge management practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Electronic Information

Resources‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge

management practice. H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Electronic Information

Resources‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge

management practice. The calculated value of X2

for the ―Electronic Information Resources‖ and Challenges

faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice is 104.8 and the table value of X2 for 2 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 5.99. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Electronic Information Resources‖ and Challenges

faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Lack of Scalability‖ and


H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Lack of Scalability‖ and


The calculated value of X2 for the ―Lack of Scalability‖ and Challenges faced by

organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice is 104.8 and the table value of X2 for 2 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 5.99. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant






difference between the statement ―Lack of Scalability‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in

implementing its Knowledge management practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Reality‖ and Challenges

faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice. H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Reality‖ and Challenges

faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice. The calculated value of X2

for the ―Reality‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in

implementing its Knowledge management practice is 339.2 and the table value of X2 for 4 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 9.49. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Reality‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its

Knowledge management practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Search engines‖ and


H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Search engines‖ and


The calculated value of X2 for the ―Search engines‖ and Challenges faced by organisation

in implementing its Knowledge management practice is 501.4 and the table value of X2 for 4 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 9.49. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Search engines‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in

implementing its Knowledge management practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Evaluation‖ and


H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Evaluation‖ and


The calculated value of X2 for the ―Evaluation‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in

implementing its Knowledge management practice is 412.5 and the table value of X2 for 4 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 9.49. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Evaluation‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its

Knowledge management practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Use of Information‖ and


H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Use of Information‖ and


The calculated value of X2 for the ―Use of Information‖ and Challenges faced by

organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice is 412.5 and the table value of






X2 for 4 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 9.49. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Use of Information‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in

implementing its Knowledge management practice. H0 : There is no significant difference between the statement ―Choice of Online‖ and


H1 : There is significant difference between the statement ―Choice of Online‖ and


The calculated value of X2 for the ―Choice of Online‖ and Challenges faced by

organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice is 211.9 and the table value of X2 for 3 degree of freedom at 5 percent level of significant is 7.82. The calculated value of the X2 is much higher than table value, the null hypothesis is rejected. Hence there is significant difference between the statement ―Choice of Online‖ and Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge management practice.

Table No. 02 reveals the result analysed for organization facing various challenges in implementing knowledge management practice,

The responses for ―Data Accuracy challenge‖ 13(3.7%) respondents strongly disagree, 12(3.5%) respondents disagree, 23 (6.6%) respondents are not sure, 175(50.4%) respondents agree and 124 (35.7%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Data interpretation challenge‖ 16 (4.6%) respondents disagree, 32

(9.2%) respondents are not sure, 174 (50.1%) respondents agree and 125(36.0%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Data Relevancy challenge‖ 12(3.5%) respondents disagree, 48(13.8%) respondents are not sure, 179 (51.6%) respondents agree and 108(31.1%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Ability of the Data to support/ deny hypotheses‖ 12(3.5%)

respondents disagree, 106 (30.5%) respondents are not sure, 145 (41.8%) respondents agree and 84 (24.2%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Legitimacy challenge‖ 24(6.9%) respondents disagree, 76(21.9%)

respondents are not sure, 134(38.5%) respondents agree and 113(32.6%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Electronic Information Resources‖ 34(9.8%) respondents are not sure,

189 (54.5%) respondents agree and 124(35.7%) respondents strongly agree. The responses for ―Lack of Scalability challenge‖ 4(1.2%) respondents strongly disagree,

4 (1.2%) respondents disagree, 72 (20.7%) respondents are not sure, 159 (45.8%) respondents agree, 108(31.1%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Reality challenge‖ 4 (1.2%) respondents strongly disagree, 9(2.6%)

respondents disagree, 54(15.6%) respondents are not sure, 192(55.3%) respondents agree, 88 (25.4%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Search engines challenge‖ 8 (2.3%) respondents strongly disagree, 8

(2.3%) respondents disagree, 46 (13.3%) respondents are not sure, 232(66.9%) respondents agree, 53(15.3%) respondents strongly agree.






The responses for ―Evaluation challenge‖ 8(2.3%) respondents strongly disagree,

8(2.3%) respondents disagree, 34(9.8%) respondents are not sure, 20(60.2%) respondents agree, 88(25.4%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Use of Information challenge‖ 8(2.3%) respondents strongly disagree,

8 (2.3%) respondents disagree, 34 (9.8%) respondents are not sure, 209 (60.2%) respondents agree, 88 (25.4%) respondents strongly agree.

The responses for ―Choice of Online‖ 16(4.6%) respondents disagree, 42 (12.1%)

respondents are not sure, 193(55.6%) respondents agree, 96 (27.7%) respondents strongly agree. Respondents agree that knowledge management in organization is challenging job.

User‘s changing needs lead to the change in strategy towards achieving the goals of user satisfaction. Meeting the challenges and satisfying the users is difficult in knowledge management in organisation.

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 8 8 8

0 12 16 12 12

24

0 4 9 8 8 8 16 23

32

48

106

76

34

72

54 46

34 34 42

175 174 179

145 134

189

159

192

232

209 209

193

124 125

108

84

113 124

108

88

53

88 88 96

Strongly Disagree Disagree Not Sure Agree Strongly Agree

Figure No 5.5

1. Data Accuracy 2. Data interpretation

3. Data Relevancy 4. Ability of the Data to support / deny hypotheses

5. Legitimacy 6. Electronic Information Resources

7. Lack of Scalability 8. Reality

9. Search engines 10. Evaluation

11. Use of Information 12. Choice of Online

Challenges faced by organisation in implementing its Knowledge

management practice






Conclusion: It was found that most of the respondents agreed to the statement regarding the barriers

and challenges. The barriers & challenges are different kinds depends on the colleges and institutions. It can be concluded that the respondents face barriers and challenges while implementing Knowledge Management Practices. They face lack of co-operation from the management or from the staff or may be due to lack of tools & technologies, skilled staff or communication skills. Further it can be concluded that the main constraint is due to lack of sufficient budget.

Respondents agree that knowledge management in organization is challenging job. User‘s changing needs lead to the change in strategy towards achieving the goals of user satisfaction. Meeting the challenges and satisfying the users is difficult in knowledge management in organisation.

References: 1. Bouthiller, F. & Shearer, K. (2002).Understanding knowledge management and

information management: the need for an empirical perspective. Information Research, 8(1).

2. Branin, Joseph J. (2003). Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: Building the Knowledge bank at the Ohio State University. Journal of Library Administration, 39(4), 1-17.

3. Battin, Patrica & Hawkins, Brian L. (1998). Mirage of Continuity: Reconfiguring Academic Information Resources for the 21st Century, Council on Library and Information Resources & Association of American University.

4. Branin, J.J. (2004).Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: Building Knowledge Bank at the Ohio State University. Journal of Library Administration, 39(4), 41-56.

5. Gayatri, D. (2011). Opportunities for Librarians / Information Managers in Managing explicit knowledge in the internet era. IMA IICT, Hyderabad,13-21.

6. Gupta, Sanjay, Kumari Vasundhra & Negi Anukampa (2007). Knowledge Management in Academic Institute and Role of Knowledge Managers. Conference on Recent Advances in Information science & Technology (READOT), 153-160.

7. Mizumori, Roger (1999). Knowledge Management 5 ws and I.H. in Electronic Messaging: Best Practices Series, Nancy Cox, Ed. Auerbach Publication, New York, 9-22.






Information Literacy Assessment of Post Graduation Students of Departments of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati

Swati Sanjayrao Kandalkar CHB Teacher

Department of Library & Information Science Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati

[email protected]

Dr. Vaishali P. Gudadhe Professor and Head


[email protected]

Abstract: The present study regarding to the information literacy of post graduation students of five

departments of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati was conducted by the researcher and survey method was adopted through questionnaire and interview tools. Chemistry, Marathi, Microbiology, Botany and Library Science department students were selected and focused on the information literacy competency. The researchers also presented ALA and IFLA standards of Information Literacy. The students found aware about the e-resources and have skill of searching information.

Introduction: The beginning of the 21st century has been called the Information Age because of the

explosion of information output and information sources. It has become increasingly clear that students cannot learn everything they need to know in their field of study in a few years of college. Information literacy equips them with the critical skills necessary to become independent lifelong learners.

As the American Library Association Presidential Committee on Information Literacy (January 10, 1989, Washington, D.C.) says ―Ultimately, information literate people are those who have learned how to learn. They know how to learn because they know how knowledge is organized, how to find information and how to use information in such a way that others can learn from them. They are people prepared for lifelong learning, because they can always find the information needed for any task or decision at hand.‖ Information literacy forms the basis for lifelong learning. It is common to all disciplines, to all learning environments, and to all levels of education. It enables learners to master content and extend their investigations, become more self-directed, and assume greater control over their own learning. To become lifelong learners, one needs to know not just how to learn, but how to teach ourselves. We must acquire the skills necessary to be independent, self-directed learners. An information literate person should be able to: Identify information needs and determine the extent of information needed.

Clearly and concisely define the question to be answered, and realize that the question may evolve.







Locate and retrieve appropriate sources of information. Understand the structure of information how is it produced, disseminated,

organized, cataloged, stored, and retrieved, and how these factors vary by discipline. For example, how do scholars or professionals keep up to date in and contribute to their field.

Use indexes and other search tools effectively and efficiently to find specific resources (e.g., select appropriate tools, formulate search strategies, use appropriate search techniques, evaluate results)

Evaluate information and its sources critically. Understand different types of sources and formats, and how to use them. Evaluate the relevance and reliability of the information retrieved. Synthesize the information retrieved, integrate it into one's current knowledge base, and

successfully apply it to the original information need. Present this newly acquired knowledge so that others can use it. Determine the audience's needs and the best presentation format; know the standards and

criteria for presenting information in the relevant subject/field/discipline. Properly cite sources: direct the audience to sources of further information and

acknowledge one's sources. Translate these abilities and concepts to new projects and disciplines.

What is information literacy? Traditionally, Literacy means the ability to read and write. But there seems to be various

types of literacy. Such as audiovisual literacy, print literacy, computer literacy, media literacy, web literacy, technical literacy, functional literacy, library literacy and information literacy etc. Nominal and active literacy too focuses on making people aware to read and write in their day to day activities. Information literacy is quite different to the above. It is a combination of all these concepts but goes beyond them. Information Literacy is the set of skills needed to find, retrieve, analyze, and use information. Due to information explosion it has become increasingly clear that students cannot learn everything they need to know in their field of study, within a few years, at school or the university. Information literacy equips them with the critical skills necessary to become independent lifelong learners.

Who needs Information Literacy? Information literacy skills are helpful to everybody, especially students, in order to

succeed academically and in their future job opportunities. Teachers and lecturers are greatly in need of information literacy skills, in order to carry out their occupations efficiently and successfully. Basically, everybody in the society is in need of information literacy skills. Information literate individuals improve the society's quality of life in general and academically. Information literacy helps us in our day to day life such as buying a house, choosing a school, making an investment, voting for the election, and many more. Information literacy skills are of prime importance in order to achieve every body's academic goals. Truly information literacy is the foundation of the democratic society. A society that is capable to access, evaluate, use and communicate information in an effective and efficient manner is called an information literate society. When we educate our children with the necessary information literacy skills, consequently, the society becomes information literate. What is learning? Information Literacy






Skills are linked with learning and learning theories. Therefore, to implement a successful information library programme basic learning concepts need to be studied.

Types of Information Literacy: There are several types of Information Literacy including i) Media Literacy ii) Research

& Library Skill iii) Critical Literacy iv) Information Ethics as shown in figure 1.

Figure No.1: Types of Information Literacy

IFLA Information Literacy Standards

The IFLA standards are grouped under the three basic IL components. Access –

The user access information effectively and efficiently Definition and articulation of need

Defines or recognizes the need for information

Decides to do something to find the information Express and defines the information need Initiates the search process

Location of Information Identifies, and evaluate potential sources of information Develop search strategies

Access the selected information sources Selects and retrieve the located information

Evaluation – The user evaluates information critically and competently Assessment of information






Analyses and examines, extracting information

Generalizes and interprets information Selects and synthesizes information Evaluate accuracy and relevance of the retrieved Information

Organization of information Arrange and categorized information Groups and organizes the retrieved information

Determines which is the best and most useful information Use – The user applies/uses information accurately and creatively

Use of information Finds new ways to communicate, present and use information

Applies the retrieved information Learn for personal knowledge Presents the information product

Communication and ethical use of information Understands ethical use of information Respects the legal use of information

Communicates the learning product with acknowledgement of intellectual property

Uses the relevant acknowledgement style standards

Objectives of the Study: The allied objectives were as following:

a. To identify the competency level of information literacy among the Post Graduate students.

b. To find out the status of information literacy programmers offered by the University library.

c. Examine student‘s ability to locate useful information. Scope of the Study:

The scope of the present study was confined to the Post Graduate students of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati from the departments of Marathi, Chemistry, Microbiology, Botany and Library & Information Science. Research Methodology:

Survey method was adopted as research methodology in which questionnaire and interview tools were used to collect data. A random sampling technique was adopted and distributed 50 questionnaires out of which 32 students responded for survey. The collected data was presented in tabular form as following:

Table No.1: Subject wise of Response Sr. No Subject

Questionnaire distributed

Questionnaire Response %

1 Chemistry 10 6 18.75

2 Library & Information Science 10 8 25






3 Microbiology 10 4 12.5 4 Botany 10 9 28.13 5 Marathi 10 5 15.63

Total 50 32 100

Table no. 1 shows that subject wise Questionnaire distribution of respondents, out of 32 respondents, 9(28.13%) students were from Botany department followed by 8(25%) from Library and Information Science department , 6(18.75%) students responded from Chemistry department followed by 5(15.63%) and 4(12.5%) from Marathi and Microbiology departments. Botany department students‘ response found more than other department students.

Table No.2 : Information literacy program offered by the university library

The table no. 2 shows that 29(90.63%) students has attended the information literacy programme offered by the university, while 3 (9.3%) students didn‘t attended the IL programme.

It can be concluded that 90.63% Post Graduate students have been benefitted with the IL programme.

Table No. 3: Tools using to locate information

The table no. 3 shows that the students locate information through Internet i.e 11(34.37%)students. 8(25%) students consult library staff for information, followed by OPAC access by 7(21.88%) students, 5(15.62%) students refer Abstracts & Indexes for information and only one student found accessing library catalogue for library material. It can be concluded that Post Graduate students most browse Internet for information and access OPAC for searching sources from the library.

Conclusion The results suggest that students lack in library competency skills to locate, search

information from appropriate sources of information. The students should take benefit of the literacy programme in the university so that they can use the resources of the library effectively and efficiently.

There must be a link between information literacy skills and the use of electronic information resources. Therefore, there is the need for universities to introduce programs such as

Sr .No Information literacy program Response Percentage 1 Yes 29 90.63 2 No 03 9.37 Total 32 100

Sr.No. Tools Response Percentage

1 Library Catalogue 1 3.12 2 Internet 11 34.37 4 Abstracts & Indexes 5 15.62 5 OPAC 7 21.88 6 Library staff 8 25

Total 32 100






information literacy that would increase information literacy skills of students to ensure effective and efficient utilization of electronic information resources. References:

1. http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11884153.pdf. 2. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2532.20.s1.3.x/full 3. http://skil.stanford.edu/intro/research.html 4. http://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/standards/standards.pdf 5. http://www.cilip.org.uk/cilip/advocacy-campaigns-awards/advocacy-

campaigns/information-literacy/information-literacy#sthash.dE4pMe6i.dpuf 6. http://www.cilip.org.uk/cilip/advocacy-campaigns-awards/advocacy-

campaigns/information-literacy/information-literacy 7. http://www.plattsburgh.edu/library/instruction/informationliteracydefinition.php 8. https://www.google.co.in/search?q=information+literacy+types&espv=2&biw=1366&bi

h=623&tbm=isch&imgil=2A1SDy-aIfGFaM%253A%253BnWlsUHFP26Ra0M%25 9. Kathalkar, Sneha. (2015). Information literacy assessment of post graduate students of

Arts and Humanity Colleges in Amravati city (Unpublished Research Project). Deptt. Of Library and Information Science, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University ,Amravati.

http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11884153.pdf

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2532.20.s1.3.x/full

http://skil.stanford.edu/intro/research.html

http://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/standards/standards.pdf

http://www.cilip.org.uk/cilip/advocacy-campaigns-awards/advocacy-campaigns/information-literacy/information-literacy#sthash.dE4pMe6i.dpuf

http://www.cilip.org.uk/cilip/advocacy-campaigns-awards/advocacy-campaigns/information-literacy/information-literacy#sthash.dE4pMe6i.dpuf

http://www.cilip.org.uk/cilip/advocacy-campaigns-awards/advocacy-campaigns/information-literacy/information-literacy

http://www.cilip.org.uk/cilip/advocacy-campaigns-awards/advocacy-campaigns/information-literacy/information-literacy

http://www.plattsburgh.edu/library/instruction/informationliteracydefinition.php

https://www.google.co.in/search?q=information+literacy+types&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=623&tbm=isch&imgil=2A1SDy-aIfGFaM%253A%253BnWlsUHFP26Ra0M%25

https://www.google.co.in/search?q=information+literacy+types&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=623&tbm=isch&imgil=2A1SDy-aIfGFaM%253A%253BnWlsUHFP26Ra0M%25






College and Research Libraries Journal: A Bibliometric Study

Mrs. Supriya A. Bejalwar Librarian

Prof Ram Meghe College of Engineering & Management Badnera-Amravati

Mr. Mangesh V. Lad

Assistant Librarian Prof Ram Meghe College of Engineering & Management

Badnera-Amravati

Abstract This is a bibliometric study of College and research libraries journal from 2009 to 2018.

From this period 391 papers are analyzed from volume 70 to 79. It is a very important journal for the academic library users. This bibliometric study focuses on various aspects of journal such as authorship pattern, year wise distribution, degree of collaboration, subjectwise distribution of articles, citation analysis etc. This Bibliometric study may be helpful to those who wish to map the Bibliometric patterns of library journals.

Keywords: Bibliometric analysis; Authorship pattern; Degree of collaboration.

Introduction: The term ‗biblio‘ is derived from the Greek word ―biblion‖ meaning for book and

―metrics‖ is derived from Greek word ―metrikos‖ meaning measurement. Bibliometrics is the

quantitative explanation of literature that aids in measuring the patterns of forms of recorded information and their producers (Shilbury,2011). Researchers can use Bibliometric methods of evaluation to identify the effect of a single writer or to define the relationship of two or more writers or works. This type of analysis would be useful to monitor growth of literature and patterns of research(Jacobs, 2001). Now a days, Bibliometrics is one of the interdisciplinary research field applied to almost all the scientific fields. This paper describes the Bibliometric analysis of the literature published in the College and Research Libraries Journal.

Objectives: The objectives of this study are given below: 1. To make an analysis of articles published in C&RL Journal from 2009 to 2018. 2. To identify Category wise classification. 3. To determine the authorship pattern of the papers. 4. To find out the degree of collaboration and collaborative index of the journal. 5. To find subject wise distribution. 6. To identify the country wise distribution of articles. 7. To analyse the length of articles. 8. To analyse the year wise citation pattern.

Literature Review Alan Pritchard(1988) explained the bibliometrics as ―the application of mathematical and

statistical methods to books and other media of communication‖ The first review of

bibliometric Empirical Laws was written by Fairthorne (1969). The second important one was published by Hjerppe (1980) which contains more than 200 items on bibliometrics. For conducting this study, the authors have reviewed many related research articles. Gupta and Hasan( 2018) performed bibliometric analysis of 200 research article published in the journal






metamorphosis: a journal of management research from its debut year 2002 to 2016. The study shows that most of the papers, 114 out of 200(57 percent) were published by single authors whereas 86 out of 200(43 percent) were contributed by joint authors. Overall average degree of collaboration, average collaborative index and average citation per paper were 0.43, 2.35 and 25.59 respectively. Remarkable collaborative contributors are from India with 81.5 percent sharing.

Abdi, Idris, Alguliyev & Alguliyev(2018) conducted a bibliometric analysis of the journal titled ―Information processing & management (IP&M)‖ for the period from 1980 to

2015. The analysis showed that 2,913 papers were published in journalfrom 1980 to 2015. The highest percentage was articles (67.15%) among the published document types. Researchers from USA have made the most percentage of contributions(50.88%). we have also identified that from the period 1980-85 to the period 2010-2015. It is observed that Degree of collaboration is increased 3 times during the period of 1980-85 to 2010-2015.

Verma, Devi & Brahma(2017) studied DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology for the period of 12 year (2005-2016) in which 553 article were published. The study revealed that India contributed highest publications with (88.95%). The authorship pattern of articles was maximum by two authors with (41.41%) followed by single author with (36.88%)and three authors with (15.18%). NewDelhi(23.44%) emerged at top most position with maximum number of contributions, which is followed by Karnataka(12.75%) and Maharashtra(10.86%) more than (63.11%) articles published in the DJlLIT were on co-authorship pattern.

Source of Journal College & Research Libraries is renowned library science journal, published by

Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL), a division of American Library Association (ALA). It is the official, bi-monthly online scholarly research journal publishing original research contributions as full research articles on academic librarianship. All articles from 1939 to the present are freely available online.

Methodology: The data presented in this research article has been taken from the website of ―College &

Research Libraries‖(https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/index). Specifically, the study concentrated

on the bibliometrics analysis is one of the most widely used methods in library and information science research. The present study is an attempt to make it update by studying volume 70 to 79, 2009-2018. Sixty three issues of ten volumes have been selected for the study. The analysis included 384 research articles. Information about each contribution such as author, author‘s

affiliation, length of contributions, citations of articles are checked and examined carefully.

Results And Discussion Category wise classification of papers Table 1: Category wise classification of papers

Category Year

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total % Article 31 33 30 30 33 40 57 42 49 45 390 53.94 Book Reviews

30 35 34 33 33 4 21 28 29 22 269 37.20

Editorial Material

6 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 7 8 64 8.85

Total 723






Fig 1: Category wise classification of papers

Table 1 provides category wise distribution of articles. Out of 710 papers 390 journal articles are present comprising of 53.94%, While 269 book reviews are published comprising of 37.20% and finally 64 editorial materials with only 8.85%.

Year-wise Distribution of Articles Table-2: Year wise distribution of articles

This section is about year wise No. of distribution of papers. Table No. 1 shows that total 390 papers have been published during 2009 to 2018, in which maximum No. of Papers are published in the year 2015 i.e. 57(14.61%). Equal number of papers are published in 2011 & 2012 i.e.30(7.69%), similarly in 2010 & 2013 i.e.33(8.46%) and minimum 30 papers published in 2012 i.e. 7.69%.

Fig 3: Year wise distribution of articles

Sr. No.

Year Vol No. of Issues

No. of Papers

%

1 2009 70 6 31 7.94 2 2010 71 6 33 8.46 3 2011 72 6 30 7.69 4 2012 73 6 30 7.69 5 2013 74 6 33 8.46 6 2014 75 6 40 10.25 7 2015 76 7 57 14.61 8 2016 77 6 42 10.76 9 2017 78 7 49 12.56 10 2018 79 7 45 11.53

Total 390 100






Table no.1 and adjacent figure shows that volume 76(year 2015) has the highest number of papers and volume 72 & 73 (year 2011 to 2012) has least number of papers 6.3 Authorship pattern

Table 3: Authorship pattern

Fig 3: Authorship pattern Table 3 and Fig. 3 shows complete authorship pattern of the articles published in C&RL during the period of 2009-2018 . Out of 390 contributions, 137(35.12%) were contributed by single authors followed 136(34.87%) by three author, 71(1.82%) by fourth author, 26(0.65%) According to analysis of papers in C&RL maximum no. of authors have contributed in volume 76 with 57(15.57%) no. of articles and least no. of authors have contributed in volume 72 with 30(7.65%) no. of articles. IV. Degree of collaboration The degree of collaboration is defined as the ratio of the number of collaborative research papers to the total number of research papers to the total number of research papers in the discipline during a given period of time. To determine the extent of collaboration in quantitative terms, the formula given by K. Subramanyam is used. The formula is as follows C= Nm/Nm+Ns

Where C is Degree of Collaboration in discipline, Nm is Number of multi authored contributions published during a year, and Ns is Number of single authored contribution in the discipline published during a year.

Sr. No.

Year/Vol One Author

Two Author

Three Author

Four Author

Five & Above

Total Authors

%

1 2009/70 12 9 7 1 2 31 7.65 2 2010/71 17 9 5 2 - 33 9.01 3 2011/72 9 14 3 2 2 30 8.02 4 2012/73 13 11 4 1 1 30 7.92 5 2013/74 9 16 3 3 2 33 9.01 6 2014/75 13 12 9 4 2 40 10.38 7 2015/76 23 19 10 3 2 57 15.57 8 2016/77 13 15 10 2 2 42 10.38 9 2017/78 14 17 12 3 3 49 12.29 10 2018/79 13 15 8 5 4 45 9.56

136 (34.87%)

137 (35.12%)

71 (1.82%)

26 (0.66%)

20 (0.51%)

390 100

Table 4: Degree of Collaboration






In the present study the value of C is: 254/390=0.65 Table 4 shows that the degree of collaboration is highest in volume 71(0.041) observed in the year 2010 and lowest in volume 78(0.089) observed in the year 2017. 6.5 Subject wise distribution

Table 5: Subject wise distribution Name of Subject Number of

papers Rank %

Academic Library 221 1 56.72 Information Literacy 76 2 19.79 Digital library 54 3 14.06 Library Management 26 4 6.77 Library Assessment 14 5 3.64

Table-5 displays that among the various fields of subjects in library and information science, Academic library dominating over other subjects.

Fig 5: Top Five Dominating Subjects

Figure 5 show the top five most dominating subjects under this study. These are Academic library with 221 (56.72%) papers, Information literacy 76 (19.79%) papers, Digital library 54 (14.06%) papers, Library management 26(6.77%) Library assessment 14(3.64%) papers respectively. 6.6 Geographical distribution

Table 6: Geographical distribution Name No. of Papers Rank %

Volume (Year) Degree of Collaboration 70(2009) 0.048 71(2010) 0.041 72(2011) 0.053 73(2012) 0.043 74(2013) 0.061 75(2014) 0.069 76(2015) 0.087 77(2016) 0.074 78(2017) 0.089 79(2018) 0.082






USA 334 1 95.25 Canada 9 3 2.60

UK 3 4 0.86 Egypt 1 5 0.45

England 1 6 0.42 other 1 - 0.42

Fig 6: Top Five Geographical distribution Table- 6 and the adjacent graph depicts the geographical distribution of contribution of the journals under study out of 391 contributions, the highest number i.e. 334(95.25%) has been contributed by USA, Second number Canada 9(2.60), third number UK 3(0.86), fourth number Egypt 1(0.45), fifth number England (0.42) other all Percentage (0.42%) contribution respectively.

6.7 Length of Article Table7: Length of Article

Fig 7: Length of Article

Sr. No. Year/Vol 1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 13-15 15 & Above

Total No. of articles

%

1 2009/70 0 0 3 2 10 16 31 7.94 2 2010/71 0 0 6 5 8 14 33 8.46 3 2011/72 1 0 0 7 6 16 30 7.69 4 2012/73 1 0 0 3 8 18 30 7.69 5 2013/74 0 0 1 5 9 18 33 8.64 6 2014/75 0 0 0 2 6 32 40 10.25 7 2015/76 0 5 3 5 10 34 57 14.61 8 2016/77 0 1 1 4 12 24 42 10.76 9 2017/78 0 0 0 5 13 31 49 12.56 10 2018/79 0 0 0 7 7 31 45 11.53

2 0.51%

6 1.53%

14 2.82%

45 11.79%

89 23.58%

234 54.61%

390 100






According to analysis of length of articles, maximum papers from C&RL during 2009 to 2018 are 15 above pages(54.61%) in length followed by 13-15 pages 92(23.58%) and minimum no. of paper length found 1-3 pages 2(0.51%). 6.8 Citations Analysis

Table 8: Citation Analysis

Fig 8: Citation Analysis It can be seen from the table 9 & adjacent graph that there are 6757 citations provided over ten years for the total contributions of 391 papers. The above figures also show that volume 79 has highest number of citations(0.13%) in the total citations i.e. 6757 received during the study. While least citations has been recorded in volume number 70 with 6.89% citations. 6.9. Average Citations per Paper (ACP)

Table 9: Average citations per paper Year Volume No. of

references No. of Papers

ACP

2009 70 466 31 15.03 2010 71 496 33 15.03 2011 72 513 30 17.01 2012 73 485 30 16.16 2013 74 520 33 15.75 2014 75 836 40 20.09

Year/Vol Issue No.1

Issue No.2

Issue No.3

Issue No.4

Issue No.5

Issue No.6

Issue No.7

Total %

2009/70 77 67 83 87 75 77 - 466 6.69 2010/71 68 87 82 88 89 82 - 496 7.12 2011/72 82 67 87 109 84 84 - 513 7.37 2012/73 83 81 85 71 87 78 - 485 6.97 2013/74 89 89 80 90 89 83 - 520 7.47 2014/75 104 134 161 188 117 132 - 836 12.01 2015/76 109 114 155 142 131 127 137 915 10.24 2016/77 127 96 124 143 100 123 - 713 10.55 2017/78 106 129 124 138 148 121 121 887 12.74 2018/79 136 133 133 112 186 126 300 1126 1.66

Total 6957






2015 76 915 57 16.05 2016 77 713 42 16.97 2017 78 887 50 17.74 2018 79 926 45 20.57

Fig 9 : Average Citation per paper In the table 8 & adjacent figure 9, it can be seen that the average number of citations per contribution is 17.04 which is very good.

Results The followings are some interesting facts observed after the analysis of the journal ‗College and Research Libraries (2009-2018)‘ such as: The analysis of journal shows 55.07% of research articles, 37.88% of book review and

9.01% of editorials published during 2009 to 2018. This study shows average number of contributions per volume is 38.

Authorship pattern reveals that maximum no. of articles are single authored (36%) followed by double authors(35.51%) and triple authors(1.2% ).

The Degree of collaboration is highest in volume 71(2.6%) in the year 2010 and lowest in volume 78(1.40%) in the year 2017.

Most of the contributions are on Academic Library (56.72%). Information Literacy (19.79) Digital Library (14.06%), Library Management (6.77%), Library Assessment (3.64%) has too good share in the papers published during 2009-2018.

Most of the contributions in this journal are from United state America (95.25%), Canada(2.60%) UK(0.86%), Egypt(0.45%), England(0.42%)and other(0.42%) respectively. Maximum authors (57.56%) prefer to write long articles ranging more than 15 pages and only 0.54% authors prefer to write articles ranging from 13-15 pages.

Average citations per contribution for the journal is 17.04.

Conclusions The present work presents analysis of College & Research Libraries Journal literature over a ten year period(2009-2018). The journal has published 390 papers during the period of study. The analysis shows that maximum number of papers and citations were from volume 76(57 papers and 917 references) and overall citation per paper is 17.04. Maximum papers are published are on academic libraries. The study shows that there is irregular growth in no. of






articles. The Bibliometric study is effective way to find out the trend in increase or decrease in publication of research papers. References :

1. Shilbury,D. (2011). A bibliometric nalysis of four sport management journals. Sports Management Review. 14(4), 434-52.

2. Jacobs,D. (2001). A bibliometric study of the publication patterns of scientists in South Africa 1992-96, with special reference to gender difference, In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Scientiometrics and Informetrics.2001. 275-85.

3. Pritchard, Alan. (1988). Statistical bibliography or Bibliometrics. Journal of Documentation. 1988, 25, 179-191.

4. Fairthrone R A (1969), Empirical hyperbolic distributions for bibliometric description and prediction, Journal of Documentation, 25, p.319. http://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/djlit/article/viewFile/671/287

5. Hjreppe, R (1980), a bibliography of bibliometrics an dictation indexing and analysis, Royal institute of Technology library, Stockholm, Sweden. Located at http://www.gslis.utexas.edu/~palmquis/courses/biblio.html#Laws and http://www.netugc.com/librametric-bibliometric-scientometrics-informetrics accessed on 01.01.2019.

6. Gupta, S. and Hasan, N. (2018). Scientiometric analysis of Metamorphosis: a Journal of Management Research, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, vol 38(4), 254-258.

7. Abdi,A., Idris,N., Alguliyev,R. M. & Alguliyev, R.M.(2018). Bibliometric analysis of IP&M Journal(1980-2015). Journal of Scientiometric Reaearch, vol7(1), 54-69.

8. Verma, D., Devi, K. & Brahma, K.(2017). Bibliometric study of DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology during 2005-2016. International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology, vol7(3), 162-169.

9. Singh, K.P.(2018)Indian journal of Chemistry –Section A : a Biliometric Study. IASLIC Bulletin63(4),195-206.

10. Roy, Sanku(2013) Journal of Documentation : a Bibliometric study, University of Nebraksha-Lincoln.1-10

11. Saha, Payel(2018) Scientometric analysis of D-Lib Magazine Journals 201-2016, IJLIS. 56-61

12. Batcha,Sadik M DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, Vol. 38, No. 4, July 2018, pp. 266-270

13. Verma, Manoj Kr. Internationa journal of information dissemination and technology, 7(3),162-169

http://www.gslis.utexas.edu/~palmquis/courses/biblio.html#Laws

http://www.netugc.com/librametric-bibliometric-scientometrics-informetrics%20accessed%20on%2001.01.2019

http://www.netugc.com/librametric-bibliometric-scientometrics-informetrics%20accessed%20on%2001.01.2019






Knowledge Management System and Academic Libraries in IT Era

Dr. Virendrakumar L. Barde Librarian ,

Indira Gandhi Kala Mahavidyalaya, Ralegaon, Dist. Yavatmal

[email protected]

Abstract The paper explores how information technologies and the associated automated systems can help librarians strive to better implement knowledge management. Provision of adequate budgetary support, Professional training and a proactive attitude are essential Facts for effective knowledge management strategy.

Keywords Knowledge, Management, Knowledge Management, Knowledge Manager, Technology, Information Technology, Library, Academic Library, Library Professional.

Introduction In the present era of Information Technology (IT) both information and knowledge have become essential elements due to multidimensional use and application in the society. They are also playing an important role in changing and improving the present society for future vision. Knowledge management is an emerging area, much more Toned or hipped since late 1990s. Knowledge Management is a complex process that deals with it Applications of construction, acquisition, packaging and Knowledge. It is systematic, clear and deliberate Applications related to construction renewal and knowledge Returns from effectiveness and its knowledge assets. Library & Information Science professional and Knowledge Manager have realized the importance of knowledge management.

Knowledge Knowledge is a product of human experience and can be defined as the management of making it, Maintaining, applying and renewing knowledge resources of an organization, including its relationship with the seeker and service provider. Knowledge can be broadly divided into two types: Tacit knowledge, and Explicit knowledge Management Management is a mental process. Through the execution of a group of inter-related tasks such as planning, organization, staffing, direction and control, management as a process of coordinating the total resources of an organization in the direction of achieving desired goals of that organization.

Knowledge Management Knowledge management is a process that deals with Knowledge creation, acquisition, packaging and It is basically reuse of application or knowledge The following are four steps:

Knowledge collection Organization

Data Protection and Presentation Dissemination of knowledge information

Knowledge Management growing through and sharing either in material or human terms The relationship between the knowledge and social development can be understood with the help of following chart






Knowledge Creation Understanding Knowledge Knowledge Processing Pricing for Knowledge Knowledge Enhancement Knowledge Distribution Generating Wealth Development of Human Society Definitions According to Srinivasan, "Knowledge Management Refers to a collection of processes, technologies and Principles that serve to promote an education Environmental Assistant of the Search Community Goals " Knowledge Management is the process of capturing Value, knowledge and understanding of corporate Information, use of IT systems, to maintain, Re-using that knowledge and re-deploying

Principles of Knowledge Management Thomas H Davenport has formulated ten principles of knowledge management as listed below:

Knowledge Management is expensive. Effective management of knowledge requires mixed solutions of people and

technology Knowledge Management is highly political Knowledge Management needs knowledge managers

Knowledge Management benefits more from maps than model, more from markets than from hierarchies

Sharing and using knowledge are often unnatural acts

Knowledge Management means improving knowledge process Knowledge access in only the beginning l Knowledge Management never ends

Knowledge Management requires a knowledge contract

Objectives of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries The main purpose of knowledge management is to make sure right person appropriate decision The aims are as follows

To promote collection, processing, storage and distribution of knowledge To promote scientific research

To promote relationship between library and users To protect the intellectual property right, in information technology era To create knowledge repositories and manage knowledge as an asset

To organize the value of knowledge and improve effective research

Benefits of IT in Knowledge Management Combination of computers, databases and Telecommunication, especially the Internet, provide Manager Options with an incredible number for Improve the way organizations work. Whenever, IT provides a systematic and professional approach For managing information technology services Provision. By adopting its guidance, users get a bigger advantage Limit of benefits including:

Reduced service costs






Save the time of users as well as staffs

Quality and quantity improvement Improved user services Improved customer/user satisfaction through a more professional approach to service

delivery Improved productivity Information Technology helps to maximizes the benefits

Provides confidence to managed and cover risk to achieve the organizational goal Faster and easier recovery of data and disseminate the information

Reducing risks and errors

Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries Davenport explains that in the form of knowledge management one process is about acquisition, construction, packaging and application of knowledge reuse. In someone organizations are the backbone of libraries Information dissemination and various services the libraries offered are mainly designed to be completed organization's Goals / Mission the main purpose The right information for the library is to provide The user at the right time. Librarians deserve a central role in the development of processes and policies organization's knowledge base As keepers and disseminators of information within organization, librarians make substantial contributions to the Successful implementation of knowledge management projects Academic libraries are information centers set up institutes to generate knowledge, and people equipped with and the well In the digital age, academic libraries face challenges within (academia) and without (the business sector). Implementation of knowledge management enhances The traditional functions of academic library Academic departments, or even faculty and students, may buy or build academic and / or research needs.Academic libraries reduced budget and increased demand from faculty and students The implementation of Knowledge Management in academic by its mission Internet-based reference services or electronic books.

Role of Library Professionals in Knowledge Management Traditional role of library and information The professionals had to gather, process, propagate, Collection and use of information to provide multidisciplinary services for personal and professional Library users Limited to information management only They play Major role in knowledge management programs And identify, acquire, develop, resolve, store And sharing of knowledge Library and information Professionals external providers of information and knowledge should negotiate with them has created new ground in the library and Information science The library professionals should have following types of knowledge:

Knowledge about library‘s information sources for assets, products and services.

Knowledge about where these sources stored are and what is its use. Knowledge about users including teaching staff, researcher and, who is using these

sources and how to increase its uses. What are the current usage of these sources and how to increase its use? Creativity and ability to learn and adapt the new technologies to provide better services

to its clients and ability to create, share, harness and utilize knowledge






Understanding of knowledge creation process and impact of knowledge Information literacy skills creating, finding, sharing and using Understanding of the principles of ―Organization of Knowledge‖

References:

1. Himanish Roy, ―Knowledge Management and the Role of Academic Libraries‖

International Journal of Research in Library Science Volume 1 Issue 1(Jan-June 2015) 2. Lucy Marshall, ―Facilitating Knowledge Management and Knowledge Sharing : New

Opportunities for Information Professionals,‖ Online 21 (Sept./Oct. 1997): 92–98 3. Dhiman, A. K. ― Knowledge Discovery in Database and Libraries‖. DESIDOC Journal

of Library & Information Technology, (20017) 31, 446-45. 4. Richard Y. Wang, Yang W. Lee, Leo L. Pipino, and Diane M. Strong, ―Manage Your

Information as a Product,‖ Sloan Management Review 39 (summer 1998): 95–105. 5. Peter Drucker, ―Managing Oneself,‖ Harvard Business Review 77 (Mar.–Apr. 1999):

65–74. 6. Khan, M. H. (2008). Knowledge Management: A New Challenge for Libraries &

Information Centres. -, 2(2), 53






Implementing Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries

Prof. Sushma R. Mawande LIBRARIAN

Late Madangopal Mundhada Arts, Commmerce & Science college, Chandur Rly.

E-mail [email protected]

Abstract: Knowledge management (KM) is an emerging field, However, due to the complicated

nature of knowledge per se and its consequent management, it is often difficult to estimate or demonstrate the value of knowledge management. Academic libraries, with limited budget and human resources, may hesitate to follow the business sector and plunge into the uncharted sea of knowledge management. This paper suggests to the implementation of Knowledge Management for academic libraries: utilizing the existing staffing, technology, and management structure.

Introduction Academic libraries are information centers established in support of the mission of their

parent institutions to generate knowledge, and people equipped with knowledge in order to serve the society and advance the well-being of mankind. In the digital age, academic libraries face challenges from both within (academia) and without (the business sector). Academic departments, or even faculty and students, may purchase or build their own portals to meet their academic and/or research needs. Will that marginalize the services provided by academic libraries? Commercial companies have entered the field of information services. Will that encroach upon or erode into the territory of academic libraries?Academic libraries must strive to provide the right amount of information to the right user at the right time with a right expense of financial and human resources. With a stagnant or dwindling library budget, academic libraries have to increase their operational efficiency in order to meet the challenge. One management tool that can help in this regard is Knowledge Management (KM).Knowledge Management is a new-emerging field in academia and the business sector have shown unprecedented interest in Knowledge Management and conducted much research in underpinning its theories and ventured in its implementation.

Knowledge is an expensive commodity, which if managed properly, is a major asset to the modern library. Knowledge management is concerned with the exploitation and the development of the knowledge assets of an organization with a view to furthering the organization‘s objectives. The knowledge to be managed includes both explicit, documentaries Knowledge and subjective knowledge, which resides in the minds of employees. Knowledge management embraces all it is the torch, which illuminates the world. If the knowledge is to be kept radiant, it must have an impact over society. In old paradigm, Knowledge was Power ―must pave way for new motto, ―Sharing Knowledge is Power‖. The

demands of education in the 21 century is growing fast and indicates the direction of development towards creation of ―social capital‖ and ―wealth creation‖ through knowledge

services. Knowledge Economy is a knowledge- based economy. In the Knowledge Economy era, the management refers to effectively identify, acquire, develop, resolve, use, store and share knowledge, to create an approach to transforming and sharing of tacit and explicit knowledge,







and to raise the innovation capability by utilizing the wisdom of the team. Knowledge has become the driving force for social development, the attention of the society towards information and knowledge is rising and people‘s demands for information and knowledge are increasing

step by step.

Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries Role of knowledge management in libraries have become more and more important along

with the development of knowledge economy. As a new method Knowledge Management in libraries leaves much to be desired in its theoretical system .Knowledge Management in libraries should include such aspects as followers-

Knowledge Innovation Management- Knowledge Innovation Management in libraries refers to the management of the

production, diffusion and transfer of knowledge as well as of the network system constructed by related institution and organization. It includes three aspects- i) theoretical, ii) technical and; iii) organization innovation management. Theoretical innovation management is to enrich and enlarge the theoretical and practical research constructed by institution. It supports the evolution from conventional libraries to electronic or digital libraries. Organizational innovation management supports to create an effective management system adaptable to the operation procedures of libraries.

Knowledge Dissemination Management - Libraries may play the part of knowledge pool, and use diverse media and channels to

disseminate various new knowledge. Dissemination or communication of knowledge is an integral part of KM. Technology helps libraries to share knowledge recourses and expertise. Availability of open resources on internet and www and online education has made knowledge multi -sourced in ―anywhere, anytime‖ requirements, strengthen management of different library

staffs by applying contingency management approach.

How to improve the efficiency of library operations As how to present library materials to users is focused in library Knowledge Management

research, little effort has been devoted to the study of how to improve library operations through Knowledge Management. As a matter of fact, the lion‘s share of a library‘s budget is allocated to

its staff and the acquisitions and cataloging of library materials. How to effectively use our staff (human resources) and how to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our technical services operations should be the real focus of Knowledge Management in academic libraries.

How to implement Knowledge Management in academic libraries Most researchers consent that Knowledge Management consists of two components:

human factor and technology.

Human Factor Knowledge Management is a new paradigm in academic libraries in the sense that

concerted efforts need to be exerted to manage knowledge systematically. (Ahmed, Lim, & Loh, 2002) Instead of establishing a new network of Knowledge Management managers under a Knowledge Management tsar or CKO (Chief Knowledge Officer), it is more practical to utilize the current management structure. Managers at all levels shall be charged to implement






Knowledge Management in their respective units so that a network of Knowledge Management managers is in place. In addition to managing staff and workflow in their units, each manager is responsible for managing knowledge pertaining to their unit‘s goals and operations. This calls for not only gathering knowledge existing currently in their units but also knowledge relevant to their operations from other units/departments and even other libraries or professions.

The same shall be true for managers at higher levels. They need to look both within and beyond their departments or libraries and see what workflows, organizational structures, services, technologies, etc. out there that may be imported or adapted to better serve their own clientele.

Technology Professionals of Knowledge Management stress the importance of using advanced

technology to store and retrieve knowledge. They centralized turnkey Knowledge Management software product or system. Theoretically, a Knowledge Management system could encompass anything. In reality, no such systems exist. A centralized Knowledge Management product entails a pricy initial capital investment whether purchased from the market or developed in-house. Besides, subsequent and on-going maintenance and upgrades of hardware and software may not be affordable with the ever-shrinking library budget. More importantly, such an approach overlooks the technology competence and preference of individual Knowledge Management managers. It would be costly and unrealistic to train all staff to use such a Knowledge Management system. To prevent the loss of knowledge at a staff turnover, all operational documentations should be stored on a library network or in a shared space. In additional to the Microsoft Office Suite, discussion lists, online help desk, virtual reference desk, web portals, etc. can all be employed to implement Knowledge Management in academic libraries.

Conclusion Knowledge Management is concerned with the entire process of discovery, creation,

dissemination and utilization of knowledge. Librarians can use Knowledge Management to expend the library‘s role in administration and support services. They must have strategic goals,

involve their users, and recognize technology as a functional tool. Knowledge Management can lead to a large role for libraries in broader academic community. Lets us hope that in the coming years Knowledge Management would prove a good step in the right direction of every Indian educational institution

References 1. Ahmed, P. K., Lim, K.K., & Loh, A.Y.E. (2002). Learning through Knowledge

Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. 2. Alavi, M. & Leidner, D. (1999). Knowledge Management Systems: Issues, Challenges

and Benefits. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 1, Article 7.

3. Albert, S., & Bradley, K. (1997). Managing Knowledge: Experts, Agencies and Organizations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.






4. Branin, J.J. (2003). Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: Building the Knowledge Bank at the Ohio State University. Journal of Library Administration, 39(4):41-56

5. Burton-Jones, A. (1999). Knowledge Capitalism: Business, Work, and Learning in the New Economy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

6. Corrall, S. (1998). Knowledge Management: Are We in the Knowledge Management Business?‖ Adriad, 18. URL: http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue18/knowledge-mgt/

7. Dahlman, C.J. & Aubert, J. (2001). China and the Knowledge Economy: Seizing the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The World Bank.

8. DiMattia, S. & Oder, N. (1997). Knowledge Management: Hope, Hype, or Harbinger? Library Journal, 122(15):33-35.

9. Ghosh, M. & Jambekar, A. (2003). Networks, Digital Libraries and Knowledge Management: Trends & Developments. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology 23(5):3-11.

10. Helmstadter, E., (2003). (Ed.). The Economics of Knowledge Sharing: A New Institutional Approach. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

11. Holsapple, C. W. (2003). (Ed.). Handbook on Knowledge Management. Berlin: Springer. 12. Jantz, R.C. (2001). Knowledge management in academic libraries: special tools and

processes to support information professionals. Reference Services Review, 29(1):33.

http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue18/knowledge-mgt/






Knowledge Management in Libraries

Dr.Narendra A. Thakare M.S.P. Arts, Science & K.P.T. Commerce College, Manora

Mail Id- [email protected] Abstract : This Paper mainly focuses on the concept of knowledge management and the role of library and information professionals in managing the knowledge. The concept of document management has been changed to information management and again the entire scenario of information management has started its change to knowledge management it also highlights the importance of knowledge management in libraries.

Key Words : Knowledge management, Library.

Introduction : The concept Knowledge Management was started and popularized in the business world, during the last declare of 20th century. It was the business world that first recognizes the importance of knowledge in the global economy of the knowledge age. Economy can be divided into three parts, first agriculture economy, second industrial economy, and in the modern era we have knowledge economy. In the new knowledge economy the possession of relevant and strategic knowledge and its unceasing renewal enables business to grain competitive advantage. The application of knowledge management have now spread to other organizations including government agencies research and development departmental universities and others. In the present information and knowledge era, knowledge has become a key resource, the role of librarian is to collect, process, dissertate, store and utilize information to provide service to its users. knowledge management is a viable means in which libraries called improve their services in knowledge economy. This can be achieved through creating an organizational culture of sharing knowledge and expertise within the library.

Knowledge : Information combined with users ability and experience that is used to solve a problem or to create new knowledge. The following example will make clear the ideas.

Data is cotton.

Information is yarn. Knowledge is cloth.

Knowledge Management : Knowledge management may be defined as the set of processes that create and share knowledge across an organization to optimize the use of judgment in the attainment of mission and goals. the basic goal of knowledge management within Libraries is to leverage the available knowledge that may help academic librarians to carry out their tasks more efficiently and effectively. knowledge management is also aimed to extending to role of librarians to manage all types of information and take it knowledge for the benefit of library. Knowledge management







can help transform the library into a more efficient knowledge sharing organization knowledge management process involves the creation, capturing sharing and utilization of knowledge. According to Rowley's there are for broad types of prospective for knowledge management.

To create knowledge repositories. Which store both knowledge and information often in documentary form.

To improve knowledge access and transfer. To enhance the knowledge environment.

To manage knowledge as an asset.

Knowledge Management in Libraries : Knowledge management as a process is about acquisition, creation, packaging and application of reuse of knowledge. In any organization, the libraries are the backbone of information dissemination.

Objective of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries : The main objective of knowledge management is to ensure that right information to the right user at the right time, in order to take the most appropriate decision. The objectives are as follows.

To promote collection, processing, storage and distribution of knowledge. To promote relationship between library and users.

To promote scientific research. To promote the legal issues i.e. intellectual property right in information technology era.

To create knowledge repositories and manage knowledge as an asset and the different services offered by the librarians are mainly designed to the goals of the organization. The main aim of library is to provide right information to the right user at the right time.

Conclusion : Knowledge management and the sharing of knowledge can help libraries with the improvement of the quality of their services as well as the creation and maintenance of a learning culture. Knowledge management has became a powerful tool for promoting innovation and realizing reengineering the various walks of life. It occupies vary outstanding position in the creation of the knowledge innovation systems of a country. How for the library circles to meet the challenges of knowledge economy and to build the knowledge management systems of libraries is subject that demands our urgent study the solution. References :

1. Aswal, R.S., ed.(2003). Information Networks in India. New Delhi : Ess Ess Publication . 2. Avad Elias and Ghaziri Hassan M. (2007) Knowledge Management, New Delhi, Pearson

Education. 3. Shukla. A & Shrinivasam. R(2002) Designing knowledge management architecture. How

to Impliment successful knowledge management programs, New Delhi, India. 4. Tripathi S.M.and C. Lal(2008) Discriptive Questions in Library and Information

Science, New Delhi, ESS Publication .






Knowledge Management in New Digital Scenario

Nitin S. Satpute Librarian,

Shri. Gadge Maharaj Mahavidyalaya, Murtizapur, Dist. Akola

Introduction: Knowledge management is basically a business concept aimed at enhancing and

improving operations to gain profits and competitive advantage. However, the tools and techniques of knowledge management can also be applied to non-profit organization such as libraries to improve their services to meet the changing user need. The environment in which today‘s libraries operate, has drastically transformed due to the arrival of e-resources and digitized documents and the internet. The basic function of a academic library are to collect, process, organize, disseminate the information to its user community. In this digital scenario the academic library is a treasure house of knowledge. However, the knowledge management should never be viewed as a way to control the process of knowledge creation.

To facilitate the implementation of knowledge management, a well-defined and operational knowledge management system should be in place. New information technology should be used in the libraries. In this regard, the librarian should consider himself as the chief knowledge officer of the entire organization and should work together with the chief information officer. Such knowledge management system should be built on the existing computer and information technology infrastructure including upgraded intranet, extranet, internet and available software programs to facilitate the capture, analysis, organization, storage and sharing of internal and external information resources for effective knowledge exchange among users, resource persons (faculty, researchers, subject experts etc.). Library and information centers should be developed / modified based on the perfect environment for new media applications.

Knowledge: Knowledge is the full utilization of information and data, coupled with the potential of

people's skills, competencies, ideas, intuitions, commitments and motivations. Knowledge is an intellectual capital when people out of creation, add value to Information. In dictionaries, the meaning of knowledge is ―familiarity gained by actual experience, practical skill and acquaintance or ―intellectual experience with perception of truth‖ or merely ―acquaintance with

facts Dr. Ranganathan has defined the Knowledge as ―totally of ideas conserved by humans‖. (sood, 2011)

Knowledge is classified into three types. • Explicit knowledge • Tacit knowledge • Cultural knowledge

Explicit knowledge It is formal and easy to communicate to others. It is the knowledge of rationality. That

is, policies, rules, specifications and formulae. It is also known as Declarative knowledge.






Tacit knowledge It is complex form of knowledge. It has two dimensions namely technical and Cognitive.

This is personal knowledge, which is in human mind and difficult to formalize and also difficult to communicate.

Cultural knowledge Assumptions and beliefs, it is used to understand, describe and explain the reality as well

as conventions. It is also useful to form the framework among orgazational members, recognize the new information and evaluate alternative interpretations and actions.

Knowledge management is an audit of "intellectual assets" that highlights unique sources, critical functions and potential bottlenecks which hinder knowledge flows to the point of use.

It protects intellectual assets from decay, seeks opportunities to enhance decisions, services and products through adding intelligence, increasing value and providing flexibility. (Saha, 2015)

Information Management: Information management is the gathering and management of information from one place

to another and the allocation of that information to one or more persons. The relevance of the principles of management to the acquisition, organization, control and use of information in the libraries and information centres is called information management.

Knowledge Management: Knowledge management is essentially about getting the right knowledge to the right

person at the right time. Knowledge management is the process of capturing, developing, sharing and effectively using organizational knowledge. Knowledge management is the systematic management of an organization‘s knowledge assets for the purpose of creating value

and meeting tactical and strategic requirements.

Knowledge management in modern libraries: The main objective of implementing knowledge management in an academic library

therefore, is to ensure an all round improvement of library staff capacity, promotion of relationship between library and library users. The modern libraries are now focusing to deliver the information in the digital form through web via internet.

Modern libraries should be developed customized based on the perfect environment for new media applications. Due to impact of globalization, economic competition and revolution of ICT, the libraries are undergoing great change in its environment. ICT tools and techniques, knowledge management system, internet, web resources, social media, digital libraries have made drastic change in the existing library systems and services. (Rao, 2018)

Knowledge Media Managament: Modern libraries need to develop their resources access and sharing strategies from

printed to electronic and digital resources in concern with their mission. Libraries must carefully analyze the needs of their users and seek to develop co-operative acquisition plans to meet these needs. Social Media is the most eminent media to fulfill the need of users group of library. i.e.






Whatsapp, Facebook, Blogs, You Tube Channel, Educational Portals, Google Forms, E-learning Module etc.

Formation of E-club through New ICT based application as e-mail & Whatsapp: WhatsApp is the one of the most interesting Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM)

applications on the market today. It is a cross-platform instant messaging application for smart phones. It enables users to send and receive location information, images, video, audio and text messages in real-time to individuals and groups of user at no cost. Create a group of contacts of the users of library as a E-club.

Starting Facebook page of the library and forming initiative reader and librarian rapport: Facebook has surpassed all other social networking opportunities in attractiveness while

reaching out to a seemingly never ending user-base. And students, Teachers, and parents are using Facebook. Libraries have contain certainly taken notice and deemed Facebook resource worthy of attention. Library Facebook pages are used to exposes library events, news updates and encouraging library services, information and resources.

Starting a blog of Library: In a blog, blogger can share unlimited information where anybody can read and write

their comments without changing the original content. Libraries can use the blog as a platform for its in-house publications, new arrivals, journal content pages, current news. Therefore it is advisable to use social media tools such as blogs to promote library activities and to deliver the information to its user.

Formation of Youtube channel having critical review of books by eminent person in video format:

Library can start a youtube channel and publish video on books review about newly published and newly arrived books. A subscriber base should be made to ensure that these new arrivals will reach to the reader as early as possible. Feedback should be taken from the comments on the video to make further improvement.

Giving wide publicity to knowledge content on educational portals such as „Sakshat‟ and

„Gnyan Darshan‟: There are so many online web portals and knowledge and learning still there is a large

group of reader which is not covered under it rather they are unaware of it. If the library register readers on such portals they can be provided with vast knowledge base available on the web. Many such portals such as poemhuntar.com, Sakshat the official portal of knowledge.

Formation of the learning module with the help of experience faculty using books and other online resources:

Library should form small learning module for readers by minglining web base resources and available books. It will boost the reading of the readers and cultivate reading habits in the neophyte.

Formation reading feedback system using google forms: Library should form reading feedback system on Google forms. It can also be used to

know the particular reading trend of the reader time to time questionnaire should be sent to the reader and their feedback should be sought for making strategic changes in the purchasing of






books regarding particular field. Analysis of such feedback become very useful for the purchasing policy of the library.

Services which can be delivered through media management: 1. Current Awareness Service 2. Reference service 3. Selective Dissemination of Information 4. User Discussion Forum 5. Abstract Service 6. Reminder and Notifications 7. Library news In the present age of information, the use of internet increases rapidly. The future of the internet depends upon the mobile and online technology because of the rapid increase of mobile users. It is the golden opportunity for the libraries and other information institutions to implement mobile based services. There are many tools and techniques through which libraries can easily provide services through mobile technology and there are many individual and institutions that are engaged in developing, monitoring and using mobile technologies. All the media which is mention above can be used in libraries for delivering various services. It has many features like, multimedia sharing, instant message delivery, real-time audio etc.

References:

Rao, M. K. (2018). Application of Knowledge Management in Libraries . (pp. 22-23). Hyderabad: University of Hyderabad.

Saha, T. (2015). Application of Knowledge Management in Modern Academic Libraries . International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Management Studies , 3.

sood, C. (2011). Knowledge Management and its Applications in Library Sciences. International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences , 5.






Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries

Dr Pranali M Pete [email protected]

Mr Ashish Gawande

Dr Sau KGIET, Darapur [email protected]

Abstract: The paper explores how information technology and related automated systems can

support librarians‟ Endeavour towards better implementation of knowledge management.

Provision of adequate budgetary support, professional training and a pro-active outlook are key factors for an effective knowledge management strategy.

Key words: Concept of KM, KM in Academic Libraries, Tools for KM, Role of Librarian in KM

Introduction : The word information is derived from Latin verb, informare‟ which connotes meaning, to

give shape or form to the mind. Information is a fact told, heard or discovered about factual practices. It is a piece of knowledge that can be received collected, provided and transferred for making its use (Peasal, 2002). Sarada (1997) considered information to be fundamental resource for social development and for the progress of information is the key to avoid uncertainty, to eliminate the degree and number of problems. An individual therefore can generate facts and opinions which cannot be restricted to natural language but can be communicated through art, facial expression, gesture, inform of instructions, documents, media outfit and other personal responses. The information has therefore become complex, essential and extensive in our daily life. The information organized according to some logical sequence is referred to as body of knowledge and the body of knowledge is known as a structural form of information. According to Kumar (2002), the society has gone through four stages namely: pre-industrial society, industrial society, information age was of its highest between 1960 and 1990s and has been superseded by knowledge age. Druker (1993) further buttressed that we are entering the knowledge society as the basic economic resources is no longer capital or natural resources or labour but will be knowledge and where knowledge will play a central role. He also stressed that current development which started around 1960 will continue up to 2010 or 2020. The present society can be labeled as knowledge society. Development in our society is depended upon the ability to capture, share, distribute and manage knowledge. This is equally applicable to individuals and organizations which plays a significant role for development. The age-old dictum like knowledge depreciates when no used are becoming part Dr. Adebayo A. Bello, The Library, University Of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria and parcel of the behavior of people and institutions alike (Binwal,2001) The paper highlights the evolution of knowledge management, role and objectives. The challenges posed to academic libraries and librarians for effective service delivery were also discussed.

Concept of Knowledge Management: Although the concept of KM emerged from the business sector, its practices are now

being applied in the domain of non-profit and public sector organizations including academic institutions. Increasingly, library practitioners are acknowledging the importance of KM for libraries. In response to the growing interest of KM among the LIS community, a KM section was created by International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions 4 (IFLA) as a separate unit in December 2003 . Since its inception, LIS professionals have expressed a need for








a deeper understanding of KM's many dimensions and its relevance throughout the library and information environment. According to working definition of IFLA, KM is 'a process of creating (generating, capturing), storing (preserving, organizing, integrating), sharing (communicating), applying (implementing), and reusing (transforming) organizational knowledge to enable an organization to achieve its goals and objectives . Further, IFLA clarifies that the term knowledge is not limited to published information; it also covers tacit knowledge (expertise), implicit knowledge, explicit knowledge, and procedural knowledge. There is an ongoing debate among the LIS community on whether KM is a completely new discipline or simply re-branding of librarianship or Information Management (IM). Librarianship is a discipline which deals with the collection, organization and insemination of recorded or explicit knowledge which, according to Townley has been the primary focus of libraries. They have also developed and applied new principles and techniques in reference, cataloguing and other library services to encourage 8 the creation and use of knowledge. According to Sarrafzadeh librarians operate as intermediaries between people who have knowledge and those who need to know. There seems a considerable overlapping of the tools, terminology and techniques used in librarianship, IM and KM as emerged from the review of literature. This overlaps include in the use of tools (databases, internets, collaborative tools, etc.) and concepts (information audit vs knowledge audit, information mapping vs knowledge mapping, etc.). Thus, from this point of view, KM cannot be considered different from librarianship and IM. There is also a strong view expressed within the LIS literature that KM is a distinct field from both librarianship and IM, because the focus of KM is on managing tacit knowledge which embedded in employees in the form of their experience, know how, insight and expertise. According to Owen the focus of IM is on information as an object and on explicit and factual information which is managed through the support of IT systems to facilitate the internal processes and ensures the quality of business operations. While the focus of KM is on knowledge as a concept and on tacit knowledge embodied in employees and in the organization as a whole to facilitates knowledge-rich relations and to ensure ongoing development and innovation. The difference between KM and IM in the context of libraries was explained by Broadbent, who describes KM in libraries as not about managing or organizing books or journals, searching the Internet for clients or arranging for the circulation materials, but rather these activities may be considered as parts of the KM spectrum and processes. Due to the increased focus of KM on people and their expertise, some researchers highlight the importance of creating social knowledge networks such as online forums, discussion groups and communities of practice for sharing of knowledge. But according to Kebedethese these tools and practices are not much in practice among LIS professionals and they are reluctant to use them in their profession. In spite of different opinions and perceptions of LIS community towards KM, there appears a widespread recognition within the LIS literature that KM is relevant to the interests of the LIS profession. Most authors consider KM from more positive viewpoints and call for full involvement of LIS professionals in KM.

Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: Davenport explains that Knowledge Management as a process is about acquisition,

creation, packaging and application of reuse of knowledge. In any organization, the libraries are the backbone of information dissemination and the different services offered by the libraries are mainly designed to fulfill the goals/missions of the organization. The main aim of library is to provide right information to the right user at the right time. Librarians deserve a central role in the development of processes and policies that harness an organization‘s knowledge base. As

keepers and disseminators of information within organization, librarians make substantial contributions to the successful implementation of knowledge management projects. Academic libraries are information centers established in support of the mission of their parent institutions to generate knowledge, and people equipped with knowledge in order to serve the society and advance the well-being of mankind. In the digital age, academic libraries face challenges from






both within (academia) and without (the business sector). Implementation of knowledge management enhances the traditional functions of academic library. Academic departments, or even faculty and students, may purchase or build their own portals to meet their academic and/or research needs. Academic libraries are under pressure from two sides: reduced budget and increased demand from faculty and students. The implementation of Knowledge Management in academic libraries is mainly driven by its mission rather than by the competition from Internet-based reference services or electronic books.

Tools for Knowledge Management: Key types of knowledge related tools are given below which is effective in managing

and handling information and knowledge and thereby maintaining the knowledge base organization:

Intranets/Extranets Electronic Document Management Data Analysis Data Warehousing Help Desk Technologies Mapping Tools Machine learning Workflow management systems Groupware l Information Retrieval Tools Data Warehousing: Metadata Portals Agent Technologies Ontology‘s (Computer based)

Role of Librarian in knowledge Management: Librarians have important role to play in overcoming the digital divide, and making

reference and sharing global knowledge. Information and knowledge are expanding in quantity and accessibility. In many fields future decision-makers will be presented with unprecedented new tools for development. In such fields as agriculture, health, education, human resources and environmental management, or transport and business development, the consequences could be revolutionary. With the vision2020, the Malaysian government hopes to create within the next twenty years a developed nation with an information and knowledge-rich society. Librarians and Information Professionals (IPs) are trained to be experts in information searching, selecting, acquiring, organizing, preserving, repackaging, disseminating, and serving. However, professionals in information technology and systems have also regarded information management as their domain because of the recent advances in ICT and systems (Lee, H. W. 2005). The freely accessible information on the web, in conjunction with the escalating costs of library materials, threatens the traditional mission of libraries to create and sustain large, self-sufficient collections for their patrons (Troll, 2002). Libraries need to reposition or enhance themselves to act as KM centre‘s for small businesses, providing both KM and competitive

intelligence (CI) services. An increasing number of corporate libraries are managing their knowledge by archiving information in document form, maintaining dynamic databases and data warehouses of corporate knowledge, and mapping human knowledge within the organization. Recording the tacit knowledge and converting it into explicit knowledge becomes a new challenge for librarians involved with KM.

Lee, H. W. (2005) suggested that libraries can participate in enhancing their knowledge management functions in some critical areas and services, such as, knowledge resources management; resources sharing and networking; information technology development; user services; and human resources management (tacit knowledge). Librarians need to move forward in line with the new shifts toward KM, if they do not want to become obsolete. With the






involvement with KM, librarians should have got higher profile. In companies for example, the realization of the value of KM realize leads to increased realization of the need for libraries to be involved directly in the KM. There seems to be a correlation between the progress of KM and the importance of libraries, especially the corporate libraries. In reality all businesses need to be competitive if they want to stay in business. There is now urgent competition for knowledge other then funding within own organization. KM helps libraries to survive in their competitions. Librarians can contribute in their traditional ways, such as by providing access, working in partnership, structuring knowledge, imparting skills, preserving heritage, and inspiring trust.

Need /importance of knowledge management in Academic libraries: Some of the specific factors that stress the need of knowledge management academic

libraries are as follows: Knowledge being the strategic and key resource of an organization likes academic

libraries. The threat of being marginalized by internet based information services and students and

faculty‘s own information gathering efforts. To fulfillment of dream of library professionals and mission of the academic libraries and

their parent institution, that is, to provide right knowledge at the right time to the right person in the right format.

Reduction in staff and budget need to replace informal knowledge with formal methods. Quitting job by potential workforce lead to loss of valuable organizational knowledge. Reduced budget, increased demand from the faculty and students and greater expectation

from higher administration. Knowledge Management in Academic Library: A need based approach

Products and services are increasingly becoming complex and they demand new skill set and competency

Technological advancement and rate of innovation is rising. The need for lifelong learning is an inescapable reality.

Barriers to Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: Every library professional who works in academic, public or any special library wants to

use the techniques of knowledge management to achieve the organizational goal and provide better service to its users but due to some following barriers they are not able to use that:

Every library cannot participate in terms of modern technology and its management. Lack of communication skills. Lack of staff training. Lack of sufficient budget / funds Lack of tool and technologies Lack of Centralized policy for Library Cess

Conclusion : Knowledge Management helps library and information professionals in improving the

services being rendered to their users. Information professionals have to recast their roles as knowledge professional. The librarian‘s roles should not be limited to being the custodians of information but they have to acquire skills to keep themselves updated so as to cope intelligently and objectively with the effective and efficient knowledge management in Academic libraries.

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8. Owen, J.M. (1999). Knowledge management and the information professional. Information Services and Use, 19(1), 7-16.

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http://www.earlytimes.in/newsdet.aspx?q=210001






Adopting Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries

R.H.Wankhade Librarian

Arts & Commerce College Jarud

We are Living in the Information Knowledge Era (IKE) Which is fast changing. In this rapidly changing IKE, Knowledge & Information are the most vital resources for the growth and development of both individuals and organizations. These resources are assets, which are available in the form of databases, knowledge bases and in the minds of people and organizations. Very often one part of the organization repeats the work of another part, simply because, they are not aware of what is going on in the other parts of the organization. In the age of IKE librarian‘s role is also changing and they are posed with many challenges. The paper will assess the preparedness of the library in adopting latest tools and techniques of knowledge management to further enhance its role and purpose in effective dissemination and consolidation of research information and preserving the knowledge base. There are three aspects for adopting KM in libraries, viz, documenting library procedures, creating knowledge bases, and supporting knowledge management of the parent institution.

Introduction : The importance of KM has received considerable attention in the last few years. KM is not a new term, over the past few years it has become a generic term used by business organization, academic institution and government organization. Knowledge economy is a knowledge based economy era the management refers to effectively identify, acquire, develop, resolve, use, store and share knowledge. KM can also be applied to nonprofit organization. Thus the concept of knowledge management can also be used in Academic libraries to promote their services. Knowledge management has also received considerable attention in the library and information community. The academic libraries have applied knowledge management principles to provide effective library services. The arrival of information technology(IT), Which bring new possibilities to the knowledge management processes in academic libraries and enhanced traditional knowledge management methods and sources by new models and methods such as digital library, internet, library consortia and expert system. What is Knowledge Management ? Knowledge Management (KM) is an audit of intellectual assets that highlights unique sources, critical functions and potential bottlenecks which hinder knowledge flow to the point of use. It protects intellectual assets from decay, seeks opportunities to enhance decisions, services and products through adding intelligence, increasing value and provide flexibility.

Managing Knowledge :- KM as the word implies is the ability to manage Knowledge. We know the term

Information management. Information is a resource that needs to be managed to be useful in an organist ion. When one considers knowledge as recourse, one needs ways for managing the Knowledge in Libraries. One can use techniques and methods, developed as part of knowledge






technology to analyze knowledge sources in an organization. Using this techniques one can perform knowledge analysis and Knowledge planning.

Contents of Knowledge Management in Libraries : Knowledge Management in Libraries should include such respects as follows

Knowledge innovation management : Knowledge innovation management in libraries refers to the management of the production.

Diffusion and transfer of knowledge as well as of the network systems constructed by related institutions and organizations. It includes three aspects, namely, theoretical innovation management of knowledge, technical innovation management and organizational innovation management. Theoretical innovation management is to enrich and enlarge the theoretical and practical research fields of library science and information science through pursuing the latest development trends in library science the world over.

Technical innovation management is to manage the network systems constructed by institutions and organizations that relate to the full course of technical innovation. In their evolution from conventional libraries to electronic libraries, or digital libraries, Libraries should make technical breakthroughs and progress and build up technical facilities to support knowledge management. Organizational innovation management is to create a set of effective organizational management Systems adaptable to the requirements in the electronic library era to support and strengthen knowledge management activities by optimizing the functional departments and operation procedures of libraries. In these systems, it firstly requires that leaders who take charge of knowledge management activities should undertake to formulate the management plans and coordinate all knowledge management related activities should undertake to formulate the management plans and coordinate all knowledge management related activities. Secondly, it requires establishment of special leading groups of knowledge flow for accomplishing all tasks relating to knowledge management activities. Electronic resources committees are established composed of various types of specialists to take charge of evaluating, procuring and creating the electronic resources on the one hand and coordinating activities of business departments and spurring them on to close cooperation in such fields as procurement and organization of the electronic information resources as well as providing services on the other hand.

Knowledge Dissemination Management: Knowledge dissemination is of equal importance as compared to knowledge innovation. Knowledge creators do not have much time and energy to look for knowledge users. Though there are a multitude of knowledge users, it is very difficult to acquire knowledge that already exists in the minds of knowledge creators as restricted by various objective and subjective conditions. Therefore, libraries may play the part of knowledge tosses, use diverse media and channels to disseminate various new knowledge. In the 21st century, the internet, with its mass information and extensive contents, will provide people with the main approach to searching knowledge and acquiring information. But now there emerge absurd, salacious, false and uncivil information resulting from seeking for commercial profits and political objectives on the Net. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen knowledge dissemination management in libraries as follows.






a. Uninterruptedly strengthening the creation of libraries‘ own document resources and deepening the development of document information resources.

b. Continuously raising the quality of libraries‘ staffs and strengthening continuous

engineering education of working staffs. c. Giving full play to the special role of the expert system in knowledge dissemination. d. Making a comprehensive utilization of all media to ensure security of operation of

networks. And prevent online criminal activities and online dissemination of inappropriate information.

Knowledge Application Management Knowledge services based on high speed information networks should be carried out by Setting up virtual libraries or information centers for enterprises, government, public organization and scientific research institution. It is difficult for an enterprise or a social organization to put sufficient manpower, material and financial resources on information gathering, organizing and developing It is also impossible and necessary to spend a large amount of funds on information resources for their own use. Libraries can create virtual libraries or information centers for these organs separately according to their respective information requirements by using abundant information resources on the high speed information networks.

Setting up digitized knowledge services which is actually a department trend of librates in the 21st century. This presupposes creating step by step the users oriented information services systems such as information service systems such as information dissemination, information search and special supply of information, quickening the creation of digitized libraries studying the methods, means and techniques of information distribution and search with the internet as the base and WEB technique as the core.

Digitizing libraries resources. The electronic libraries or digitized libraries are the technical modes and development trends of libraries in the knowledge economy era. The knowledge services of libraries in the future will start with creation of databases comprising electronic journals and books in different languages that have discipline features and can operate on high speed information networks. Great efforts should be made to transform all existing large non electronic information resources into electronic information and integrate them into electronic libraries.

Human Resources Management in Library: Human resources management takes it as its basic starting point to train high quality specialized talents and to revitalize the library undertaking. In practice, we should pay full attention to diversity and variation of library staffs requirements, strengthened management of different library staffs by applying contingency management approach. That is, to some people, rigid management method, and quantity and quality requirements of work according to regulation and procedures are made clear. And, to the rest of people, more flexible management method is applied to let them participate in decision making and consultation and undertake more jobs so as to bring their management abilities into full play and realize organizational and personal objectives. Doing well in continuous engineering education of specialized staffs, which should not only focus on the theory of library science and related disciplines but also cover the latest technical knowledge. And strengthening professional ethics education.

Information Technology: Knowledge acquisition I the starting point of knowledge management in libraries. The application of information technologies enlarges the scope of knowledge acquisition speed and reduces knowledge acquisition cost. It is possible to link closely knowledge sources and knowledge workers by computer networks, thus constructing knowledge networks in libraries. The knowledge acquired must be accumulated and covered into knowledge warehouses of libraries. Information technology functions as a source and tool for knowledge innovation.






Step in knowledge management : Different knowledge management (km) activities require inveterate of money or labor. Knowledge capture ie. Creation of document and moving document into computer

systems. Adding value to knowledge through editing packaging. Developing knowledge categorization approaches and categorizing new contribution to

knowledge. Developing information technology infrastructures and application for the distribution of

knowledge and application for the distribution of knowledge.

Tool and technologies for knowledge management : Some of the tools and technologies that support knowledge management include knowledge repositories, expertise access tools, e-learning application, discussion and chat technologies, synchronous instruction tools and search and data mining tools [santosus and surmacz] Key ingredients of knowledge management : a useful framework for describing the key ingredients of knowledge management success is the ‗8 cs‘ frame work, connectivity

(adequate employee access to knowledge management tools), content (user friendly work oriented content), community (communities of practice), culture (a culture of knowledge), capacity (learning capacity), co-operation (a spirit of co operation), commerce (commercial and other incentives) and capital (carefully measured capital investments and returns) [Rao].

Conclusion : Every library should develop their own knowledge management systems. An efficient knowledge management system is one that will enable libraries to store information source manually or electronically and facilitate the process of retrieving, sharing, tracking, revising and distributing this information sources efficiently with their user. Knowledge management and the sharing of knowledge can help libraries with the improvement of quality of their services as well as the creation and maintenance of a learning culture. Libraries should adopt some practice of knowledge management from successful companies and reward library staff for seeking, sharing and creating knowledge.

References : 1. Gulati Anjali. Knowledge management: an information technology prospective.

DESIDOC Bulletin of information technology, vol. 19;1999. P 3-7. 2. Bansal Alka. Knowledge management : a review. DESIDOC Bulletin of information

technology. Vol.20 ; 2000. P.3-9. 3. Khode Subhash and Umeshkumar Singh : knowledge management and academic

libraries, ILA Bulletin, vol. 42 ; no. 1 ; 2006. P. 27-31. 4. Nattar, S. and satavkumar M. knowledge management in libraries, ILA Bulletin. Vol 45 ;

no. 1-2 ; p 14-17. 5. Neela Meghan, a knowledge resource management. Information Studies, vol.6 ; 2000 p.

203-204.






An Evaluation of Staffing Pattern of Engineering College Libraries in Rest of Maharashtra

Milind B.Anasane

Librarian HVPM,s College of Engineering

and Technology, Amravati-444605 [email protected],

8275395360

Abstract: The present study focused on the degree engineering college libraries in Rest of

Maharashtra. It is compared the AICTE norms with the present status of library staff pattern of engineering college libraries in Rest of Maharashtra. Four traditional Universities namely University of Mumbai , Mumbai, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Solapur University Solapur are imparting education in this region. Total 175 engineering colleges are affiliated to these Universities. However, in the study the researcher has considered the 59 engineering college libraries of Rest of Maharashtra.

Key words:- AICTE norms, Library space, library staff pattern and library timing etc.

Introduction: Library is the intellectual property and the heart of education system. Hence library

should be imparted as a dynamic instrument of engineering education, without a good library it is impossible to taking a technical education. An Academic library is the important part of the educational institution, it becoming the knowledge hub for learning and teaching process of educational institution. Libraries have supporting to the teaching, learning, and research by their traditional and technical library service and developing collection. However In order to provide reasonable level of services to the users, availability of sufficient staff will be essential in the library. AICTE has suggested one Librarian, one Assistant Librarian and four Library Assistants through its norms and standards.

However it would be interested to see how many persons are being appointed on all these post in various categories of colleges. The information collected through questionnaire in this regards is highlighted in the study. For this study researcher has covered only engineering colleges in Rest of Maharashtra, which offer degree level courses in the field of engineering and technology. While achieving the objective of the study the researcher has considered only those colleges that are established before 2003, approved by AICTE and run under the control of Directorate of Technical Education (DTE) of Maharashtra State.

Objectives:- To study the staffing pattern of engineering college libraries in Rest of Maharashtra in

terms of AICTE norms and standards.

Methodology:- For the purpose of collecting data questionnaires were circulated to each institution under

study. For the objective researcher has analyzed the received data from questionnaires and







Personal interviews methods. Based on this analysis, the findings of the study are submitted in the form of conclusion.

Norms and standards of AICTE with special reference to library staff:- AICTE has setup various norms and standards for library development i.e. library space,

library reading room capacity, library books and periodical, library working hours, library staff, digital library section as well as number of computer and library furniture etc. It has framed first norms, standards and guidelines for technical institutions including libraries in 1990 which are subsequently amended to till now i.e. 2017-18.

Table 1: Year-wise distribution of establishment of colleges Sr. No.

College Status Number of college established during the period

Total

Before- 1983

1983-1989

1990-1996 1997-2003

1 Government 01 -- -- -- 01 2 Government Aided 01 -- -- -- 01 3 Government Autonomous 01 -- -- -- 01 4 Government Aided

Autonomous 01 -- -- -- 01

5 Un-aided -- 20 12 23 55 Total 59

According to the received 59 questionnaires, table 1 represented the growth of technical colleges in the Rest of Maharashtra. From the table 1, it is observed that, engineering education in Rest of Maharashtra began with only four engineering colleges i.e., 01 Government, 01 Government Aided, 01, 01 Government Autonomous and 01 Government Aided Autonomous College, all these Colleges established before 1983. After 1983, private organizations take interest in promoting knowledge in engineering education by establishing un-aided colleges. Hence the growth of establishment of colleges in Rest of Maharashtra is increased. During the period of 1983 to 1989, twenty un-aided engineering colleges were started on permanent non grant basis. Subsequently, twelve un-aided engineering colleges was grow in the year 1990 to 1996, and twenty three un-aided engineering colleges during the period of 1997 to 2003 were started by various organizations. There are 59 engineering colleges in Rest of Maharashtra which are run by Government, University and Private organizations.

In order to provide reasonable level of services to the users, the sufficient staff should be provided to the library. AICTE has suggested one Librarian, one Assistant Librarian and four Library Assistants through its norms and standards. Table-2 shows present status of designated post of library personnel in various college libraries in Rest of Maharashtra. During the study, it has been found that, all of the college authorities shown their interest in recruiting the person on the post of Librarian. 48 libraries have appointed full-fledged Librarian. For the posting of Assistant Librarian, 43 college libraries have filled-up this post and in the remaining 16 college libraries, the Assistant Librarian‘s post is lying vacant whereas 37 of the college libraries have Library Assistant. In the remaining 22 colleges including one Govt., Govt.-Aided and one Government Aided Autonomous College libraries, this post is not being filled up. It is also observed that 40 college libraries have filled-up the post of Library Attendant. So far as






administrative staff is concerned, it is depicted that in 38 libraries the post of clerk is recruited in 46 libraries the Peons are appointed.

Table 2: Designation-wise availability of library personnel Sr. No.

Designation Number of colleges having status

Total

Percentage Govt. Govt. aided G.A. G.A.A. Un-aided

1 Librarian 01 01 01 01 54 58 98.30% 2 Assistant Librarian 01 01 01 01 39 43 72.88% 3 Library Assistant -- -- 01 -- 36 37 62.71% 4 Library Attendant 01 01 01 01 36 40 67.79% 5 Library Clerk -- 01 01 01 35 38 64.40% 6 Peon 01 01 01 01 42 46 77.96%

*G.A. -Govt. Autonomous, G.A.A. - Govt. Aided Autonomous As discussed above, AICTE in its norms and standards has recommended Librarian,

Assistant Librarian and Library Assistant in the library. The post of Library clerk, Peon and others are not being recommended in norms, even though in majority of the college libraries the persons on these posts are being recruited. After examining the data highlighted in table-2, it is observed that in certain post, the deficiency is observed. However, as stated earlier in many cases more staff is being appointed. Table 3: Deficiencies regarding the availability of post in libraries

Sr. Designation Number of colleges having deficiencies in the post

Percentage

1 Librarian 01 01.69

2 Assistant Librarian 16 27.11%

3 Library Assistant 23 38.98% The deficiencies in the post highlighted in table-3. The expected posts to be appointed in

the library as per the norms and standard are Librarian, Assistant Librarian and Library Assistant. In this regard from the table 3 it is observed that all categories of institute have appointed the Librarian, but on the contrary one library has handover the charge to in-charged librarian. It is against the norm hence researcher has considered this appointment in deficiency. So far as the posts of Assistant Librarian and Library Assistant are concerned, in 16 colleges have no person on the post of Assistant Librarian is not being appointed. Similarly in 23 colleges the ignorance is observed in the appointment of Library Assistant. In the table-2 and table-3 the information regarding the designation-wise availability of post and its deficiencies is highlighted respectively. However it would be interested to see how many persons are being appointed on all these post in various categories of colleges is highlighted in table-4. Table 4: Distribution of designation-wise number of post in various categories institute Sr. No.

Designation

Number of post Number of colleges having status

Total Govt

. Govt. aided

G.A G.A.A

Unaided

1 Assistant Librarian

One 01 01 -- 01 35 38 Two and more than two -- 01 04 05






2 Library Assistant

Less than four -- -- -- -- 32 32 Four and more than four -- -- -- -- 04 04

3 Library Attendant

One -- -- 17 17 Two 01 -- 01 11 13 Three and more than three 01 -- 01 08 10

4 Library Clerk

One -- 01 14 15 Two 01 -- 10 11 Three and more than three -- -- 01 11 12

5 Peon One -- 01 20 21 Two 01 -- 14 14 Three and more than three 01 -- -- 01 08 10

*G.A. -Govt. Autonomous, G.A.A. - Govt. Aided Autonomous Table-4 displays the designation -wise number of post available in the libraries in various

colleges in Rest of Maharashtra. During the study 59 institutions were responded including 55 un-aided colleges, one Government, Govt. Aided, one Government Autonomous and Government Aided Autonomous College. From the table it is confirmed that the libraries of Government, Govt. Aided, Government Autonomous and Government Aided Autonomous College and 39 un-aided college libraries have fulfilled the norms and standards of AICTE for the post of Assistant Librarian. Out of 43 college libraries, one Government Autonomous and 04 Un-aided college libraries have appointed two Assistant Librarians; hence 16 colleges are not being appointed a single post of Assistant Librarian. Regarding the post of Library Assistant, the Government, Govt. Aided, Government Autonomous and Government Aided Autonomous College libraries have not carried out the AICTE norms, because these libraries have not being appointed the post of Library Assistant. So far as the post of Library Assistant is concerned, nineteen un-aided colleges are not being appointed any person on the post of Library Assistant. Whereas in remaining 36 colleges the post of Library Assistant is filled-up, but out of this only four colleges is recruit the person on same post as per AICTE norms, other 32 colleges have not materialized the AICTE norms because its number is less than 4, which is against the norm, where the 4 Library Assistant in each college is recommended in AICTE norms. Table 5: Deficiencies in total number of staff in library

Table-5 represents the deficiencies in total number of staff in libraries of colleges affiliated to Rest of Maharashtra. From the table it revealed that, only four un-aided college libraries has fulfilled the prescribed norms of AICTE for total number of library staff. Eight college libraries have deficiencies between 1 to 20 %. Six college libraries have deficiency in range of 20 to 40%. Sixteen libraries are ranging between 40 to 60 % and twenty libraries

Sr. No.

Deficiencies in percentage

Number of colleges having deficiencies in library staff Percentage

1 1 to 20 08 13.55% 2 20 to 40 06 10.16% 3 40 to 60 16 27.11% 4 60 to 80 20 33.86% 5 80 to 100 05 8.47% 6 Not Deficiency 04 6.77% Total 59 100%






ranging in 60 to 80 % in terms of deficiency. Five libraries are ranging between 80 to 100 % deficiency. It shows that the percentage of deficiencies in total number of staff in library is various from library to library. It is observed that 55 (93.22%) college libraries are deficited in library staff. While calculating the deficiency, the post recommended in the norms i.e. Librarian, Assistant Librarian and Library Assistant are taken into consideration. However, from table-4 it revealed that most of the colleges have created the new posts in the library, which are not being recommended by AICTE. Total six staff is recommended in norms and standards. So, if the total staff appointed by the colleges, ignoring with the designation, is considered then from table-6 it is observed that 40 libraries are appointed total staff six or more than six. Remaining 19 (all un-aided) colleges are not appointed total six persons on various post in its library. Table 6: Number of staff available in library of various categories of institute

Sr. No.

Number of staff in the range of

Number of colleges having Status Total

Govt. Govt. aided

Govt. Autonomous

Govt. Aided Autonomous

Un-aided

1 Less than 6 -- -- -- -- 19 19 2 6-10 01 01 -- -- 26 28 3 11-15 -- -- 01 01 09 11 4 16-20 -- -- -- -- 01 01 Total 01 01 01 01 55 59

Simply appointed the Librarian is not sufficient to render the services effectively to the users. The person should be well qualified as per the norms. AICTE has fixed the required qualifications for the post of Librarian and therefore it would be interested to see the present status of the colleges in terms of the appointment of the qualified Librarian. The result is given in table 7. It reveals that total 58 college libraries have appointed Librarians, out of which 35 Librarians are Master degree holders in Library and Information Science. 9 of them are having M. Phil degree and only two Librarian is possessing PhD in Library and Information Science. Further, ten Librarians have passed the SET/NET examination. On other hand three persons are only Graduate in Library and Information Science i.e. BLISc. It seems that, three colleges have not appointed qualified persons on the post of Librarian as laid down by AICTE in its norms. Table 7: Educational qualification of librarian

*G.A. -Govt. Autonomous, G.A.A. - Govt. Aided Autonomous Observations

Sr. No.

Librarian with the Qualification upto

Number of colleges having status Total

Percentage Govt

. Govt. aided

G.A. G.A.A. Un-aided

1 BLISc -- -- -- -- 03 03 5.08% 2 MLISc 01 01 01 01 30 35 5084%

3 M. Phil In Library Science

-- -- -- -- 09 09 15.25%

4 PhD In Library Science

-- -- -- -- 02 02 3.38%

5 SET/NET

10 10 16.94% Total 01 01 01 01 55 59 100%






After carefully going through all the norms of AICTE, it is observed that the norms published from 2010-11 onwards the point regarding staff is not being mentioned. However, in the very first norm published in 1990, the provision was made that every college library must have one Librarian, two Assistant Librarians, four Library Assistants and two Library Attendants. In 1999, one post of Assistant Librarian and two post of Library Attendant were dropped. Moreover, the norms published in 2004-05 and 2006-07 only one post of Librarian is mentioned. After that from 2008-09 point regarding post of Librarian is also not being mentioned. From this work it is found that 55 engineering college libraries do not appointed adequate staff as per the AICTE norms and standards. Only 04 college libraries have appointed total number of library staff as per the prescribed norms and standard of AICTE.

Regarding the post of Librarian it is observed that 58 (98.31 %) college authorities shown their interest in recruiting the person on the post of Librarian. The researcher has studied 59 libraries. However, for the posting of Assistant Librarian, the result of this survey shows that 43 (72.88 %.) libraries have filled-up this post. Out of these, 05 libraries have appointed two Assistant Librarians as per norms and standard. Regarding the posts of Library Assistant only 4 college libraries have fulfilled the norms and standard, whereas, in 32 colleges are having less than four post of Library Assistant.

If the qualification of Librarian is examined it reveals that only 03 persons are not having Master degree in Library and Information Science. Out of 58, 35 college Librarians completed the Master degree in Library and Information Science and 09 are having M. Phil degree and 02 Librarians possessing PhD in Library and Information Science. Further, 10 Librarians have cleared the SET/NET examination.

Conclusions On the basis of above observations researcher has came across certain conclusions as given

below. 1. Staffing pattern suggested in the norms is very old, which is not sufficient to fulfill the

present needs of libraries as well as its users. 2. Engineering college libraries in Maharashtra did not appointed adequate staff (excluding

Librarian) as per the AICTE norms and standards. Therefore, Libraries are unable in providing efficient and better services to its users.

3. Due to the variation of norms, some libraries have appointed persons on the posts of Library clerk and Peon but it is not recommended in norms.

4. Due to the in-adequate library staffs, libraries are unable to work as per the AICTE norms and standard.

Select Bibliography 1. All India Council for Technical Education (1987). The All India Council for Technical

Education Act 1987. Retrieved from www.aicte-india.org/downloads /aicteact.pdf 2. All India Council for Technical Education (1999). Technical Education in Independent

India-1947-1997. New Delhi: All India Council for Technical Education. 3. All India Council for Technical Education (2003-04). AICTE Handbook-2003-04.

Retrieved from http//www.aicte-India.org/download/ Approval process 2003-04.pdf






4. All India Council for Technical Education (2004-05). AICTE Handbook-2004-5.Retrieved from http://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/ APPROVALPROCESS 2004-05-OTHER.pdf

5. All India Council for Technical Education (2005-06). AICTE Handbook-2005-06. Retrieved from www.aicte-india.org/downloads/ Approval Process2005-06.pdf

6. All India Council for Technical Education (2006-07). AICTE Handbook-2006-07. Retrieved from www.aicte-india.org/downloads/ Aicte Approval Process(part-II).pdf

7. All India Council for Technical Education (2008). AICTE Handbook-2008. Retrieved from http://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/ Aicte Approval Process _2008.pdf

8. All India Council for Technical Education (2010-11). AICTE Handbook-2008. Retrieved from http://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/ ApprovalProcessHandbook9Jan2010.pdf

9. All India Council for Technical Education (2011-12). AICTE Handbook-2011-12. Retrieved from http://www.aicte-india.org/downloads / final_approval_process_241210.pdf

10. All India Council for Technical Education (2012-13). AICTE Approval Process Handbook 2012 –13. Retrieved from //www.aicte-india.org/ downloads/ approval_process12_13 pdf

11. All India Council for Technical Education (2013-14). AICTE Approval Process Handbook 2013-14. Retrieved from http://www.aicte india.org/downloads/Approval_ Handbook .pdf

12. All India Council for Technical Education (2016-17). AICTE Approval Process Handbook 2016-17. Retrieved from http://www.aicte india.org/downloads/Approval_ Handbook .pdf

13. All India Council for Technical Education. (1990). Norms and Standards for engineering colleges (Degree Programmes). New Delhi: AICTE.

14. All India Council for Technical Education.(1999).Norms and Standards. New Delhi: AICTE.

15. All India Council for Technical Education. (1999). AICTE 1947-1997. New Delhi: All India Council for Technical Education.

16. Anasane, Milind.( 2016) . Status Of Engineering College Libraries In Vidharbha Region: A Survey . Journal of Indian Library Association, 52(4), 133-140.

17. Availability of ICT Facilities In Academic Libraries In Anambra State. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319645305_ [Accessed Dec 31 2018].

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19. Bisen, R. S. (1999). Effects of personnel standards of AICTE in engineering college libraries in Haryana. In J. Saradana (Ed.), 45th ILA Conference on Library Vision 2010: Indian Libraries and Librarianship in Retrospect and Prospect (pp. 688-694). Hisar: ILA

20. Fernandes, J. (2008). Planning, designing and setting up of a technical college library with respect to infrastructure, collection development, automation and e-resources: A study. In M. Koganuramath (Ed.), IlA-TISS International Conference on Knowledge for All: Roll of Libraries and Information Centers (pp. 819-829). Mumbai: Sita publication.

http://www.aicte/

http://www.aicte/






Knowledge Management System in College Library

Sandeep A Lande Librarian

Sahakar Maharshi Late Bhaskarao Shingne Arts College, Khamgaon, Buldana

Abstract Knowledge management system in a college library has not a vital important unless the

library provide the competitive advantage to the students & professor for their respective field of study. Knowledge management in a college library transform the users in professionals to survive in local as well as global marketplace in their choice of career. Librarian has to play very dramatic role in knowledge management scenario so his skills should be effectively transform the students & professors to achieve their common individual objective.

Keywords: - knowledge management system, knowledge management, college library.

Introduction: - In today‘s fast changing technology era the knowledge management has a huge

importance in the context of college library management. We are experiencing the huge technological growth in the recent decades. As outcome to those change we need to implement change in our college library so we can preserve & share the knowledge in available form to its user. As a result in this paper we are going to share that how knowledge management system help to those activity in college library.

Meaning of knowledge: - 1. knowledge is a facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education;

the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. 2. Awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation is called as

knowledge.

Concept of knowledge management: - Knowledge Management may be defined as follows:

1. Knowledge management is a process of acquiring, generating, accumulating and using knowledge for the benefit of the organization to enable it to gain a competitive edge for survival, growth and prosperity in a globalized competitive economy.

2. Knowledge management is collection of processes that govern the creation, dissemination, & utilization of knowledge.

Features of knowledge management in college library:- 1. Human resource development is the core of knowledge management in college library. 2. The objectives of knowledge management in college libraries is to promote knowledge

innovation. 3. Information technology is a tool for knowledge management in college library.

Objectives of knowledge management in college library: 1. Knowledge resource management 2. Resource sharing & networking






3. Information technology development 4. User services 5. Human resource development 6. Knowledge innovation management 7. Knowledge dissemination management 8. Knowledge application management

Role of library professional in knowledge management:- Library professional enable to accomplish the following task: Able to deal with new technology Generating new knowledge Expert in capturing & transferring information Sharing knowledge without any geographical limitation Manage knowledge as an assets. Representing knowledge in document database.

Implementation of knowledge management in college library:- Implementation of knowledge management system has include several dimensions as are follows:-

Strategy: the objective is to manage, share & create relevant knowledge asset that will help to meet tactical & strategic requirement.

changing culture of college library:culture influences the way of people interact, the context within which knowledge is created, the resistance they will have towards certain changes, and ultimately the way they share (or the way they do not share) knowledge.

Organizational Processes: The right processes, environments, and systems that enable KM to be implemented in the organization.

Technology: The systems, tools, and technologies that fit the organization's requirements - properly designed and implemented.

Tools for knowledge management system in college library In this section, let‘s see an overview of the IT-based tools and systems that can help

knowledge management (KM) fulfill its goals. Groupware systems & KM 2.0 :- Groupware is a term that refers to technology designed to help people collaborate and includes a wide range of applications. Wikipedia defines three handy categories for groupware:

Communication tools: Tools for sending messages and files, including email, web publishing, wikis, file sharing etc.

Conferencing tools: e.g. video/audio conferencing, chat, forums, etc.

Collaborative management tools: Tools for managing group activities, e.g. project management systems, workflow systems, information management systems, etc.

The best known groupware system is Lotus Notes. If designed and implemented properly, groupware systems are very useful when it comes to supporting knowledge management (KM). They can greatly facilitate explicit knowledge sharing through publishing and communication






tools. They can support the knowledge creation process with collaborative management tools - although this process is still very much about people interacting and experimenting. Finally, they have some limited benefit to tacit knowledge transfer by supporting socialization through tools like video conferencing and informal communication. Expert finders are also beneficial for facilitating the location of tacit sources of knowledge (i.e. the right expert).

Web 2.0, Enterprise 2.0, & KM 2.0 In recent years, the term web 2.0 has appeared to describe the increasingly popular tools

that promote two way communication on the internet. These social tools include blogs, wikis, social bookmarking, commenting, shared workspaces, micro blogging and polling (Bebensee et al. 2010). They differ from traditional publishing in that they ―put the knowledge sharing power in the hands of the users themselves‖ (Gurteen, 2012).

The web 2.0 tools that have been applied within organizations have been called enterprise 2.0 (Bebensee et al., 2010), and even more recently, the mapping of these principles to KM has been dubbed KM 2.0 (Gurteen, 2012). It is fair to say that KM 2.0 is very much in its early stages. For this reason, I will discuss it separately from the very general groupware subsections below.

The value of KM 2.0: According to Cronk (2011, p. 84), web 2.0 tools ―facilitate the development of social capital through knowledge sharing, which in turn increases the potential to create intellectual capital.‖ The author defines social capital as the total resources existing across

social networks. Wright et al. (2010) find that the adoption of social media is not being championed by KM to the extent that one might expect, representing a missed opportunity.

Limitations of KM 2.0: Enterprise & KM 2.0 systems can suffer from the same failure factors as other KMS (more on this in the sections below). A failure example is presented by Garcia-Perez & Ayres (2009), who outlined the failure of an enterprise wiki. The study found that time needed to access & contribute to the wiki as well as the achievement of critical mass (i.e. having an adequate ratio of contributors) were failure factors. Furthermore, the authors warn that just because when asked employees claim that they will share knowledge that does not actually mean they will do so when the system is implemented.

Considerations for Groupware Acquisition/Design When acquiring or developing groupware it is important to establish the functions that

best match the organization's needs (further considerations for IT implementation can be found in the knowledge management system subsection). Remember, these are not solutions, they are at most enablers of KM. Determine the processes that take place in the organization as well as how knowledge is currently stored and distributed, and establish how certain functions would improve them.

Focus on the informal - both in terms of communication as well as the organizational networks and communities - so as to enhance rather than stifle creativity and innovation, and to increase the probability of acceptance.

Cheah (2007) points to the fact that many off the shelf groupware solutions could be greatly improved. For instance, email clients are designed in such a way so as to focus on the current email, but generally have limited functions for drawing knowledge and information from past mails. Document management systems also can be limited in their ability to extract knowledge from old documents. In both cases he suggests improved utilization of user-input

https://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/knowledge-management-systems.php

https://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/document-management-systems.php






metadata (including keywords that are weighed by importance) and categorization mechanisms, which would allow for effective knowledge mining in the future. The point I am making by including this is that all groupware is not equal, and one should consider the functions from the perspective of long-term knowledge reuse (when applicable). For this to be possible, the intermediary knowledge packaging/sanitizing/categorizing process must be done in light of future expectations and requirements

The Intranet & Extranet: The intranet is essentially a small-scale version of the internet, operating with similar

functionality, but existing solely within the firm. Like the internet, the intranet uses network technologies such as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). It allows for the creation of internal networks with common internet applications that can allow them to communicate with different operating systems (Newell et al 2000). Although it need not be, the intranet is usually linked to the internet, where broader searches are implemented. However, outsiders are excluded through security measures such as firewalls.

The Role of the Intranet: The intranet can be a very useful tool in the knowledge management process. It allows

for the integration of multimedia communication and can act as a platform for groupware applications and publishing. It is intended to enhance collaboration, productivity, and socialization, but also to influence organizational culture and to act as a repository for embedded knowledge. Robertson (2009) identifies seven key roles of the intranet homepage: news navigation key tools key information community and culture internal marketing collaboration The focus is to provide a useful site that enhances work practices, communicates key information, provides the right navigation tools, and helps define organizational culture. Many factors have to be balanced to create the right homepage, including quality of content, site design, site navigation, site & content maintenance and updates, and the application of tools that are directly useful to the business processes and networks. The objectives of the intranet will also vary depending on the individual business, and may focus more on certain aspects than others. Perhaps the most important function of the intranet is knowledge sharing and collaboration. The main functions supporting this are (Damsgaard & Scheepers 1998 in Newt et al 2000):

Publishing: E.g. homepages, newsletters, documents, employee directories.

Searching: The intranet can integrate different search functions, e.g. through a search engine or using a system of categorization.

Transacting: Allows user to make transactions with other web/intranet homepages.

Interacting: Collaborative applications and other groupware, expert finders, directories, etc.

Recording: It can be used as storage medium for such elements as procedures, best practices, and FAQs (embedded and explicit knowledge).

Successful Intranet Implementation Naturally, the implementation of the intranet must be done in line with organizational needs, processes, and objectives, as outlined in the section on implementation of knowledge management systems.

https://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/knowledge-reuse.php

https://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/

https://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/organizational-culture.php

https://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/different-types-of-knowledge.php


https://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/knowledge-sharing.php







One specific and key concern is the selection of the search engine. Google offers an option for on-site search, which you can read more about here. In his article, "The Ten Best Intranets of 2011", Jakob Nielsen (2011) indicates that the best intranets implemented solutions in the following areas: Knowledge sharing: This aspect is very similar to what I have discussed so far on this site and includes the sharing of all manner of explicit knowledge, but also connecting people that require assistance to experts that can help them.

Innovation management: By incorporating tools that support the recording and management of new ideas.

Comments: This is an easy way to allow users to contribute with their insight. This type of loose, unstructured communication can provide some limited tacit knowledge transfer and can encourage participation.

Ratings: An even quicker, albeit shallower, way for people to point to good sources of knowledge.

Participation rewards: Point systems, badges, and other symbolic rewards actually increase participation. Sometimes non-symbolic rewards (i.e. actual prizes) were used.

Customized collections: By allowing users to customize content collections, one can bypass the shortcoming of never being fully able to predict a user's knowledge and information needs.

The Extranet The extranet is an extension of the intranet to the firm's external network, including

partners, suppliers and so on. The term is sometimes used to refer to a supplementary system working alongside the intranet or to a part of the intranet that is made available to certain external users. The extranet provides a shared network with limited, controlled access to organizational information and knowledge resources, and uses security protocols, such as authentification, to limit access. An extranet can enhance collaboration and information transfer with partners in the external network. Security is a key concern, and a firm must protect its crucial knowledge and information resources. This can be done using firewalls, use of encryption, and simple or strong authentification. Simple authentification involves usernames and passwords, while strong authentification makes use of digital certificates. The content of both intranets and extranets is usually managed with a content management system. The following are various other KM Tools which plays an important role in Knowledge management system.

1. Data warehousing, data mining, & OLAP 2. Decision Support Systems 3. Content management systems 4. Document management systems 5. Artificial intelligence tools 6. Simulation tools 7. Semantic networks

Conclusion:- The knowledge management system in college library is based on the information technology tools as well as the human resource management in college library so today we need to adopt the

http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/webmaster/set-up-a-google-custom-search-engine-for-your-website/1995


https://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/knowledge-information-data.php

https://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/external-knowledge-network.php






change the college library scenario by adopting the knowledge management system in our college to fulfill the needs of prospective users of the library as well as innovation management of the college library. Today we are experiencing that college library are using their potential by adopting knowledge management system as well as information communication technology tools which are the most important in today‘s fast changing technology world. References :-

1. Shukla, A & Shrinivasam, R(2002) Designing Knowledge Management Architecture. How to Implement Successful knowledge Management Programs, New Delhi, India.

2. Avad Elias and Ghaziri Hassan M.(2007) Knowledge Management, New Delhi, Pearson Education.

3. Asogwa, Brendan E. Knowledge Management In Academic Libraries: Librarians In The 21st Century. Journal of Knowledge Management Practice, Vol. 13, No. 2, June 2012. http://www. tlainc. com/articl301. html (accesse14. 03. 16).

4. Gandhi, S. (2004), Knowledge management and reference services. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 30(5), 368-381.

5. Kumar, P.S.G. (2006). Student manual of Library and Information Science, Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation, pp. 500-502.

6. Garg, Suresh (2011). ―Role of ICTs in knowledge Management,‖ University News,

Nov.21-27, pp.1-6. 7. Sharma, Shobha, Sukriti and Krishan Gopal(2006). ―Knowledge Management in Digital

Era: A challenge to Library Professionals,‖ ILA Bulletin, April-June, 2006,pp. 10-11.






Information Seeking Behavior of Post Graduate Stuents ofsant Gadge Baba Amravati University,Amravati

Vrushabh Surendrarao Dahake,

M.LISC Student Department of Library and Information Science, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati

[email protected]

Keywords: Information seeking behaviour, information needs, KRC, information seeking behaviour,

user study, SantGadge Baba Amravati University, Knowledge Resource Centre Amravati (KRC).

Abstract: A study of information seeking behaviour of P.G. students of SantGadge Baba Amravati

University, Amravati, was conducted using a questionnaire method in order to assess their various information needs, their information seeking behaviour and the resultant level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction regardingto the library resources and services for fulfilment of their informational needs. The findings of the study indicated that academic informational need was at higher priority followed by employment and carrier regarded needs, and they mostly use text books and references for fulfilment of their needs. The library users were generally satisfied with their current services, best infrastructure, reading environment etc. The respondents suggested that the need for promoting the resources, increasing the copies of books for the improvement of the services.

Introduction The books, E-resources, institutions, resource persons are the pure and widely used

reference sources of all time having wide scope covers almost all kinds of information. Library or Knowledge Resource Centre is the place where you get all resources mentioned above.

―Users‖ are on the other side of the sources and they are the important part of library and services. There is a need to constantly modify and keep doing changes in the pattern of the services according to user‘s demand. Thus user study is the most important part of the library

services. Determination of Information seeking behaviour is one of the best ways for determinations of the user‘s needs and their satisfaction level about sources and service provided.

Information seeking behaviour is the process of determining and analysing of the information searching behaviour of the users. There are different patterns and practices of the different users.

Information Seeking Behaviour: Concept and Ideology It is the prompt user study method in which the searching or seeking patterns of the users are determined. Mostly following factors are included in the process of information seeking behaviour i.e.

User‘s information needs Tools for the seeking

Sources for the seeking Sortation and grasping of information






Feedback related to acquired information

Sant GadgeBaba Amravati University (SGBAU) and Knowledge Resource Centre KRC: At a Glance:

Amravati University is situated geographically at western region covers five district i.e. Amravati, Akola, Washim, Yavatmal and Buldhana of Maharashtra state. The university mainly offer post-graduation courses under the different faculties such as Arts, Commerce, Science, Medicine, Education, Social Science, Law, Home Science and Engineering Technology with great research culture. Amravati University is associate member of Association of Common Wealth Universities, London (U.K.).

Knowledge Resource Centre came into existence on 1st may 1983 with establishment of Amravati University.KRC is located in the middle of the University campus having 8094 sq. meter well planned building area. KRC has rich collection on science and technology, Social Science, Management, Education, Physical Education and Home Science. It covers books, E-books, thesis, dissertation, reference collection, competitive books, journals, online databases, reports and back holdings etc.

Objectives of the study: The following objectives have been set in this study:

1. To study the information needs of the P.G. students of SGBAU, Amravati. 2. To identify the kind of information sources and use for searching information. 3. To study the satisfaction level regarding to services avail by them. 4. To study the suggestions for improvement of library services.

Research methodology and tools: There are about 28 departments under the SGBAU, Amravati itself and contains more than two thousands of students admitted for post-graduation. Methodology:

For the study of Information seeking behaviour of the users, there is need to know some important factors like their needs, purpose to visit library, tools and sources used by them. Also there is need to know common factors about all users equally, so the researcher found „Survey

Method‟as the most beneficial for this kind of studies. Research Tool:

It was the biggest task to approach the all possible departments and meet the almost all admitted students and literate them about library services and tell them about survey. To save time, the researcher chooses the ‗Questionnaire method‘ for the collection of data and survey.

The sample size of 120 students was randomly selected from the total population of the students for the user study purpose and 100 fully filled chosen for this research. Questionnaire was mainly focused on the information needs of the users and the sources used by them for the fulfilment of need and their satisfaction level about KRC services. Data Analysis and interpretation:

Here is the interpretation of all the data derived and statistical representation of the informational needs, sources for fulfilment of needs and the resultant satisfaction level about KRC.






Analysis of the various informational needs of P.G. students

Sr. No.

Information needs Frequency of Students

Rank

1. Academic information 49 01 2. Current News regarded with

your field 16 03

3. Competitive examination 12 04 4. Business related information 03 05 5. Employment and career related 17 02 6. Global information 01 07 7. Entertainment 00 08 8. Personality development 00 09 9. Other 02 06 Total 100

Table No. 1: Frequency of Information Needs of P.G. Students

Figure No. 1: Informational Needs of P.G. Students Analysis of the various sources used by the P.G. students for fulfilment of the informational needs

Sr. No.

Sources of Information Frequency Rank

1. Text Books 57 1 2. News papers 01 8 3. Printed journals 04 6 4. e-journals 07 3 5. Web portals 02 7 6. Reference sources 18 2 7. Sources from the competitive

sections 06 4

8. Directly asked to 05 5






Librarian/Assistant Librarian/Library staff

9. Other 00 9 Total 100

Table No. 2:Kind of sources of information used for fulfilment of informational needs

Figure No. 2: Sources used by P.G. Students

Analysis of the satisfaction level of P.G. students regarded with the KRC services.

Figure No. 3: Satisfaction Level of P.G. Students of KRC services and Portal

Findings& Conclusion: 1. Information Need: Major type of information required by the students of SGBAU is

regarding to academic information followed by current news related to their field and the employment and career related information are at higher priorities.

2. For fulfilment of this need of information, various resources used by students out of which Text Books found as leading source followed by Reference Sources, while few found using competitive sources. The students directly approach to library staff for information and group of very less students uses periodicals, newspapers and web portals in the KRC.






3. More than 50% students admitted the need for academic information and for that they choose Text Books and Reference sources respectively.

4. Above all, there are 5% students who agree that, asking the Librarian/Library staffs is much easy way to get information instead of searching for themself.

5. Only 6% P.G. students found fully satisfied, majority of students i.e. 58% found satisfied with the services of the KRC, while 20% found dissatisfied and 2% were highly dissatisfied.

6. Students alsogave the suggestions for the areas of improvement in the library services, in which expressed regarding to the absence of multi copies of books, illiteracy about library resources and services was recorded by many users.

Recommendations: 1. There should be more literacy programmes and marketing of the library services needed

for increasing the users and their literacy about KRC. 2. There must be mandatory use of e-resources subscribe by KRC in order to gain more

quality knowledge in research point of view and for that there must be efforts taken by the

References 1. Choukhande, V. G. (2008) Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour:

Library and Information Science Research. Amravati: Shivneri Publishers, p.294. 2. Khatri, Deepti and Walia, Paramjeet K. (2018) Information seeking behaviour of

undergraduate students in digital environment: A case study of ShashhedSukhdev College of Bussiness studied (SSCBS), University of Delhi. SRELS Journal of Information Management. 55(2). p.108-113.

3. www.sgbau.ac.in (accessed on 05th Jan 2018)

http://www.sgbau.ac.in/






Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum Library Manglore: A Study

Rajendra Pahade Librarian

S.B. Jain Institute of Technology, Management and Research

Nagpur. [email protected]

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum

library Manglore, Karnataka and its historical importance. This paper also gives a brief knowledge of library management system of of Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum library. The main purpose of this study is to find out the present status of of Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum library. This paper may be useful the research scholars in getting the knowledge about of Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum library. Further this paper may be useful for LIS professionals to improve its services and status to maintain in their library.

Keyword: Museum, Museum Library, Cultural Resource Information, Information Age

Introduction The museum libraries have still attained aspects of traditional libraries, but it follows other characteristics unlike public or academic libraries. Museum libraries are often associated with a public museum or institution whose main purpose is to provide historical and educational information to the masses. Irrespective of traditional libraries, many museum libraries are undergone more private and hidden from the public intervene due to their main purpose as a research library for museum staff and professional researchers. Keeping this purpose in mind users need to attend often appointments and they required special access through the channel of library staff or other museum staff. Though this is not considered regarding all museum libraries are unattainable to public users. Museum of Modern Art of New York accessed to public visit during open hours. The museum libraries‘ study areas especially focus on following faculties like

Art, History, Science, and other more specific fields. Museums and Libraries collaboratelly work in hand in order both to function properly. In absence of one the other could not survive.

Definition of Museum Library The Encyclopedia of Libraries of Russia, a museum library is, "a part of the museum collection with an importance of its own." Meanwhile, neither the uniqueness of the libraries, nor the richness of their book stocks receives any special mention. Museum libraries should not just refer to rare book departments of museums, but special collections of visual materials as well.

Role of Museum Libraries Museum libraries play an important role in the functioning of museum. The role of the museum library is to collect, manage and make available the bibliographic resources required by the museum staff to fulfill its function in preserving, interpreting and displaying the material heritage of concerning field .Research services must be provided by the museum library to the researcher .







In the 20th century with the development of industrial, technological and scientific advances the concept of museum libraries came to play a vital role in the expansion of museum libraries.

Importance of Museum Libraries Museum libraries provide a unique interactive experience to their users

Museum library ensure that historically significant records are systematically described and wherever possible, available for a variety of research users, including teaching purposes, building plans, publications, television and radio programs and legal proceedings.

Museum library serve as society‘s collective memory. They provide evidence of the past

and promote accountability and transparency of past actions. Museum library help people to understands their history and the role of particular

organizations , individuals and movement in shaping the past actions

Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum library A small reference library is located inside the museum. A well maintained museum library is an important attraction of this museum. The library is having total area 1800 sq. ft. out of which 800 sq. ft. is available for reading and 800 sq. ft. for stack room .Library building is constructed with good ventilation and proper arrangement of lighting also. The library is well furnished. The Library is just start computerization and purchased SUCHIKA software. All the activities of library work being through this software .All the library staff are aware IT services. IT awareness programmes were organized by the library for the faculty members.

Library Services /Facilities 1. Circulation of books for the members only. 2. Reference and information services. 3. Periodicals and Journals service 4. Newspaper Clipping Service. 5. Reprographic Services. 6. Internet Service. 7. Inter library loan 8. Printing facility

Collection The library is belonging 12400 books, besides this e-books, audio video cassettes, newspapers, magazines, Periodicals, national and international journals are available in the library .The library annual budget requires one lac for its proper functioning This Library has exclusive collection of books on varied subjects such as Art, Archaeology, Architecture, Religion, Culture, History, Indology and also other subjects like Iconography, Numismatics, Museology, Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. The uniqueness of this library is that it houses books of interest for every age that is from students to research scholars to retired persons who will find books of their interest.

Library Collection A. Books

Sr. No. Resources ( Type of Library Materials )

Total

01 Total number of Text books 11350






It is observed from the above table, Twelve thousand four hundred books (text and reference) are available in Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum library. B. Others

It has been observed that Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum library.has subscribed five hundred quality journals. Fifty CDs & DVDs are also available in the library for the users. Twelve newspapers are available for readers in various languages. The library also has been subscribed thirty three well known magazines for their esteemed members. In one year six periodicals are subscribed for the library.

Details of Library Automation

02 Total number of reference book 1050

Sr. No. Resources (Type of Library Materials) Total

01 Total number of national journals 500 02 Total number of CDs / DVD 50 03 Newspaper 12 04 Magazines 33 05 Periodicals 06

0100200300400500600

Total numberof national

journals

Total numberof CDs / DVD

Newspaper Magazines Periodicals

Resources (Type of Library Materials)

Resources (Type of LibraryMaterials)






Hardware Available

It has been observed that four computers are available in the library for handling the daily activities of library. Three client workstations are available in the library and attached it to main severer. Two UPS are supported to the computers for breakdown of electric. Two laser printer are attached to the computers for essential printing documents. One server machine is attached to three clients and all data of library saved in this server machine. . One dot matrix computer is also available for printing. One pen-drive is used in library for carry the necessary data transformation.

Objectives The main objective of this study is to find out the present status of the Seemanthi Bai

Memorial Government Museum library and give some suitable suggestions for its further improvement in the collection and services for the benefits of the library

1. To study the use of collection and services of Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum

2. To identify the status of present staff. 3. To identify the actual strengths & weakness of library resources & services. 4. To identify the kinds of users and their needs.

Scope of the study

Methodology Questionnaire was prepared for the librarian of Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum library.for this study. In this study, primary data have been collected through questionnaire and secondary data from the records of the library, books and journals etc. The

Sr. No. Hardware Items Available Total

i Server Machine 01 ii Client Workstations 03 iii Laptop / Computers 04 iv UPS 02 v Dot Matrix Printer 01 vi Laser Printer 02 vii Pen drive 01






collected necessary data was analyzed, tabulated, interpreted and presented in the form of tables and figures.

Conclusion Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum library has procured the software for computerization but there is no any technical staff working on it. Due to lack of funds and staff, the library is not able to improve the IT services. A lot of things, which should be considered by the government and appropriate steps, should be taken for its further improvement in order to provide the best services to the users. It should be maintained by the government in the proper way so that the library could attract number of users and plays a vital role in their research work.

Suggestions The following suggestions/recommendations are set forth on different aspects of research library of Seemanthi Bai Memorial Government Museum library., on the basis of the study. These recommendations, if implemented, are likely to solve the existing problems and make the system more effective in future

1. There should be digitization of available manuscripts and rare books. So, that these valuable

2. sources not only become the showcase item of the library but also become approachable 3. information source also. 4. There should be given a chance to research scholars for becoming the member of this

library. So 5. that they can also borrow the books. 6. There should be a website of this library & museum also. So that people from all over the

world 7. can be able to aware about its rare collection and able to utilize it. 8. Library management should take the guidance and support of advisory body for the

Institute of 9. Museum and Library Services 10. Donated books also should be displayed properly. So that everyone can use them too.

References

1. Esdaile, A., The British Museum Library. London: George Allen and Unwin 1946. 2. Gupta, K.R., Directory of libraries in India. New Delhi: Atlantic Publisher and

Distributors, 2001. 3. Gupta, S.P., Cultural tourism in India: Museum, Monuments and Art. New Delhi : D.K. 4. Print world, 2002. 5. Harris, P.R., A History of the British Museum Library 1733-1973. 6. Kaul, H.K., Library Resource Sharing and Networks. New Delhi: Virgo Publication

1989. 7. Kenyon, Frederic., Libraries and Museums/Frederic Kenyo London: Ernest Benn, 1930. 8. Mathura: Govt. Museum. International Journal of Information Dissemination and

Technology | 9. July- September 2013 | Vol. 3 | Issue 3 229 10. Sivaramamurti, Directory of Museums in India, New Delhi: Ministry of Scientific

Research and 11. Sharma, R.C. (1976). Mathura Museum and Art. (2nd ed.).






Role And Resoposibility of Library Professionals For Knowledge Management

R.G.Baheti Librarian,

Smt. R.D.G. College for Women, Akola

Abstract New trends and technological developments has tremendous impact on libraries and its knowledge management. Knowledge management is one of the primary asset of library and information centres. The flow of knowledge, into, within and out of libraries and the embedding of critical knowledge into the organization is a process that can be optimized through resourcing by library professionals as a full time role. This paper deals with impact of technological developments on libraries, role and responsibility of library professionals for Knowledge Management (KM).

Introduction Now a days technological developments and its changes has been changes the methods of KM and role of library professionals. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has profound effect on the library and information centres. Due to revolution of ICT increased tremendously KM. Library professionals are facing many challenges to managing massive volume of information for storage, process, retrieve and disseminate of information. The ICT has improved the capabilities of managing this explosive growth of information and knowledge. The application of ICT developments for KM such acquisition, technical processing are very essential to delivered various services to users. For KM the role of library professionals very crucial. To provide various ICT based services such as digital services, online services, network services and full text services effective KM is very much important. KM in any type of libraries is the systematic process of creating, maintaining and nurturing the organization to optimum use of the knowledge available in the libraries. KM provides an opportunity for achieving the goals and objective of the library and information centres. It can be helpful to enhance the quality of library services as well as the capabilities of library professionals. The various technological developments and exponential growth in knowledge in various formats has led libraries to develop their resources, access and share strategies from print to electronic and digital resources. To achieve the goals of libraries and to satisfy the user requirement KM is very much needed. For the same an effective KM programme is long term work in libraries and also required micro planning to deliver the services. KM can be define as ―Effective networking with all the key stakeholders of organization to help you

understand the bigger picture and decide how position the KM; understand the origin and flow of knowledge to drive cultural change on ongoing basis.‖ Library professionals need to adopt

holistic approach towards KM that successfully combines the knowledge at all the level of organization. KM is a discipline that promotes and integrated approach to identify, managing and sharing all of knowledge resources available in the libraries.

Need Of Various Compentecies For Library Professionals For effective KM library professionals following competencies

1. Confident and effective communication






2. Excellent influencing skills 3. Interpersonal relationship 4. Good networking and sharing 5. Clear and up to date understanding of knowledge and process of KM 6. Ability to thing strategically in term of culture and behavior 7. An understanding of principles of KM

Need Of Various Skills For Library Professionals The specific task of any libraries, library professionals will depend on the needs of user

and knowledge resources available in the library. Some library professionals will manage that things at large scale with the help of the teams while others will be one person department. There are some skills for library professionals which can be helpful to them to deliver the effective library services to its user. 1. Promoting knowledge sharing in appealing way 2. Personally connecting with stakeholder on their knowledge need 3. Processing factual and theoretical knowledge 4. Finding and accessing information 5. Ability to apply ICT 6. Motivation and communication skill 7. Intellectual and learning skills 8. KM experience and strategic skills

Role Of Libarary Professionals For Km 1. Library professionals will perform the following roles for effective KM 2. Promote knowledge capture and reuse through operational and library processes 3. Capture and distill experience and insight for reuse to improve performance 4. Facilitate Knowledge Management strategic planning 5. Facilitate knowledge transfer sessions 6. Provide internal training and consulting on KM concepts and methodologies 7. Plan, develop, stand up, support, and promote collaborative tools and techniques such as

communities of practice to facilitate sharing of ideas and work among internal teams and external partners Help disseminate information about the organization's knowledge sharing program to

internal and external audiences, maintaining communications on knowledge sharing across the organization, participation in orientation and training sessions, and preparation of brochures/presentations

Resoponsibility Of Libarary Professionals For Km The responsibilities of the library professionals will evolve as KM is developed within the

organization. The responsibilities are grouped according to the three stages of KM application. Getting the Organization Ready

The library professionals should perform the following functions to facilitate KM readiness for the organization: Create awareness in the organization of the principles of knowledge management and

how they can impact the performance of the organization Work with library professionals to establish KM as a priority for the organization and

develop means to legitimize and motivate the seeking and sharing of knowledge Create an awareness of the behaviors and culture needed to promote KM and guide and

support both individuals and teams in embracing a change in behavioral style, moving from data/information push to knowledge pull and sharing

Work to ensure appropriate IT enablers for KM






Managing the Knowledge Base The library professionals should have the following responsibilities in managing the

knowledge base: Identify the knowledge critical to the organization; looking beyond technical knowledge

(‗know-how) to strategic, people and other knowledge categories (‗know-why‘, ‗know-who‘ etc.)

Identify the individuals in the organization with knowledge in specific areas which are critical to the performance of the organization and enroll them in the process of managing that knowledge

Coach the organization in the use of KM processes and tools As necessary, develop a suite of process tools for learning before, during and after and a

means of integrating these within the normal working practices of the organization As necessary, develop processes for capture, storage, validation and retrieval of

knowledge; both within the organization and externally with others. Prompt for, and facilitate, the capture of learning after all significant projects Ensure the knowledge generated within the organization is made easily visible, available

and useful to seekers Monitor the effectiveness, maintenance and use of the IT tools and systems as they apply

to KM, and implement improvements

Leveraging Expertise The library professionals should have the following responsibilities in leveraging

expertise: Prompt for, and facilitate, the sharing of knowledge while doing the work Help new ideas from the workforce survive and thrive inside and outside the team Identify the individuals within the team or organization with critical knowledge for the

organization and enroll them in the process of applying that knowledge within the organization Monitor the behaviors and culture within the organization as they impact KM and

prompt for recognition when and where necessary

Conclusion Changes in ICT has brought a tremendous developments in libraries. New technological

developments has provide various opportunities to library professionals to achieve their goals and objective of the organization. This paper investigate that the roles and responsibilities of library professionals for obtaining the goals of the organization. The role and responsibilities of library professionals will depend on the organization structure and knowledge of its users. The role of library professionals are changing day by day due to the explosion of information, changes in the knowledge and the requirement of the user.

References

1. Bansal, A.(2000) Knowledge Management : A review. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology.20(4): 3-9p

2. Vyas, S.D. and Singh, D.K. (2003) Knowledge Management: Challenges for Library and Information Professionalism the 21st Century. Library Herald 41(1):20-21p

3. https://www.knoco.com/knowledge-management-roles.htm 4. http://www. kmsa.org

https://www.knoco.com/knowledge-management-roles.htm

http://www/






Importance of open Access for Academic Libraries

Sangita Vinod Dhandar ( Librarian)

B B College Lonar Dist Buldana

Abstract:- Although many authors believe that their work has a greater research impact it is freely available, studies to demonstrate that impact are few. This study looks at articles in four disciplines at varying stages of adoption of open access philosophy, political science, electrical and electronic engineering and mathematics‟ to see whether they have a greater

impact as measured by citation in the ISI Web of science database when their authors make them freely available on the internet.

Introduction Academic Libraries are in a transitional phase now. The impact of information and communication technology has been very high on academic library functioning. Today, users are highly specific in their needs and are also aware of other alternatives which provide information. Hence libraries are tapping all possibilities to keep the user community satisfied. Is an academic setup research is a very important component Current information is very essential to researcher for being updated their field. Hence they depend on scholarly journals to meet their information requirements. Library being the information provider have been subscribing journals in various disciplines in accordance with the thrust of the parent institution. But with the tremendous growth of specialization in various disciplines the number of journals to be subscribed has increased. The prohibitive factor for the library is the escalating cost of the journals and the stringent library budget. This has led to a phenomenon called ―scholarly Crisis‖ where the libraries on one hand have to meet the user growing

demands and the journal prices(be it print/or electronic) are shooting up and on other hand the library budgets are shrinking. At this juncture ―Open Access‖(OA) resources have dawned as

boon to both the academic users and the library managers.

Open Access: Meaning and definition Open Access is free, immediate, permanent online access to the full text of research articles for anyone, web wide. OA helps to ensure long term access to scholarly articles. OA mean that electronic scholarly articles are available freely at any point of use. In general, OA publication are those made freely available online to anyone anywhere, with no charges imposed for access. According to` Budapest Open Access Initiative` (BOAI) the concept of open Access refers to ; ―World-wide electronic distribution of the peer-reviewed journal literature, completely free and unrestricted access to it by all scientist, scholars,teachers,students, and other curious minds.‖

Directory Of Open Access Journals The Directory of Open Access journal (DOAJ) is a free service, a librarian vetted list of over 2800 fully Open Access, and peer-reviewed scholarly journals.DOAJ is growing at a .rate of more than one title a day.The DOAJ home page provides an overview of the DOAJ






service, an up-to-date count of journals listed in DOAJ, how many articles be searched at the article level through DOAJ, and how many articles can be retrieved through such a search. DOAJ is currently used primarily by libraries and serials support services (such as serials Solutions, SFX, researchers).

Characteristics of OA: 1. Some of the main characteristics of OA are: 2. It is free availability of scholarly publication 3. It is free of copyright and licensing restriction 4. Materials are available online or on the internet 5. Efficient archiving and availability. 6. Metadata can be harvested 7. Guaranteed sustainable storage and accessibility 8. Provision to link publication to any research dataset used in producing the paper. 9. Material is full text. 10. Material can be accessed by anybody from anywhere without any discrimination 11. Material can be freely used by anyone. 12. Open Access contents can be in any format from texts and data to 13. Software audio, video, and multimedia, scholarly articles and their preprints 14. access journals perform peer review like their conventional counter parts and 15. Then make the approved contents freely available to the world .

Benefits of OA Open Access provides numerous benefits including:

1. Society as a whole benefits from an expanded and accelerated research cycle in which research can advance more effectively because researchers have immediate access to all findings they need.

2. The visibility, usage and impact of researchers own finding increase with OA, as does their power to find access and use the findings of others.

3. For teachers, open access means no restrictions on providing articles for teaching purpose. Only the URL need be provided, OA takes care of the rest. Publishers likewise also benefit from the wider dissemination, greater visibility and higher journal citations impact of their articles.

Impacts of OA The most remarkable impact of OA on libraries is the increased access to scholarly

material without affecting the library budget. As a result, the research output of the parent institution will get increased and thereby enhance the value of the organization.

Peter, suber.(2004) identified few main aspect of open access. They are: Authors: OA gives them a worldwide audience larger than that of any subscription based journal, no matter how prestigious or popular, and demonstrably increase the visibility and impact of their work. Readers: OA gives them barrier-free access to the literature they need for their research, unconstrained by the budgets of the libraries where they may have access privileges. OA






increase reader reach and retrieval power. OA also gives barrier free access to the software they use in their research. Free online literature is free online data for software that facilitates full text searching, indexing, mining, summarizing, translating, querying, linking, recommending, alerting and other forms of processing and analysis. Teachers and Students: OA puts rich and poor on an equal footing for these key resources and eliminates the need for payments or permissions to reproduce and distribute content. Libraries: OA solve the pricing crisis for scholarly journals. It also solves what is called the permission crisis. OA also serves library interests in other, indirect ways. Librarians want to help users find the information they need, regardless of the budget enforced limit on the library‘s own

collection. Academic librarians want to help faculty increase their audience and impact, and help university raise its research profile. Universities: OA increase the visibility of their faculty and research, reduces their expanses for journals, and advances their mission to share knowledge. Journals and Publishers: OA makes their articles more visible, discoverable, retrievable, and useful. If a journal is OA then it can use this superior visibility to attract submission and advertising, not to mention readers and citation. If a subscription-based journal provides OA to some of its content (e.g. selected articles in each issue, all back issues after a certain period, etc.), then it can use its increased visibility to attract all the same benefits plus subscriptions. If a journal permits OA through post print archiving, then it has an edge in attracting authors over journals that do not permit post print archiving. Of course subscription-based journals and their publishers have countervailing interest as well and often resist or oppose OA. But it oversimplifies the situation to think that all their interests pull against OA.

Conclusions Libraries should promote OA and also by adopting OA can give more visibility to users. Many journals which it cannot afford to subscribe are made available under OA. The easy and wide spread availability of high quality of educational resources will improve the quality of education institution. The noble objective of OA has to be realized and the librarian has to encourage the users not only to be active consumer of OA but also active contributors to it, only then the OA will fulfill its motto of free to scholarly literature.

References: 1. http://digitalcommon.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1811&context=libphilprac 2. http://digitalcommon.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1913&context=libphilprac 3. http://ec.europa,eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/open-access-

handbook_en.pdf 4. http://eprints.rclis.org/11355/1/caliber_1.pdf 5. http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/files/scienceeditors/v36nlp11-12.pdf 6. http://www.white-clouds.com/iclc/cliej/c133IO.pdf 7. Singh, D.K. and Nazim, Mohammad. Impact of information Technology and role of

Libraries in the Age of Information and knowledge societies. Available

http://digitalcommon.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1811&context=libphilprac

http://digitalcommon.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1913&context=libphilprac

http://ec.europa,eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/open-access-handbook_en.pdf

http://ec.europa,eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/open-access-handbook_en.pdf

http://eprints.rclis.org/11355/1/caliber_1.pdf

http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/files/scienceeditors/v36nlp11-12.pdf

http://www.white-clouds.com/iclc/cliej/c133IO.pdf






Knowledge Management System in Academic Libraries in 21st Century.

Suresh K. Ingle, Librarian

Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Nerparsopant Dist – Yavatmal- 445102 (Maharashtra) Email Id :- [email protected]

Abstract : In this era Academic libraries are based on knowledge management system in 21st century. The evolution of information and knowledge has impacted on all organizations, including academic libraries. Knowledge management is very essential for academic libraries. Knowledge Management has drawn the attention of LIS professionals for past decade. This paper discusses the various components of knowledge management system in academic libraries.

Introduction : This is an era of information and knowledge explosion. The growth of knowledgeand information has impacted libraries. Libraries are the integral part of education. Libraries have long history, now days libraries use latest technology for providing information through various services. Knowledge management system in academic libraries has played a significant role in 21st century. Knowledge management system has led to remarkable innovation that have been of great benefit to the society for future vision. Rapid advancement in knowledge management have brought the tremendous changes in the academic libraries in 21st century.

Knowledge : Knowledge is a universal concept. Through information we get knowledge. Scientific analysis of any information is knowledge. Knowledge is power knowledge is an important asset. The capacity of using information is knowledge. There are five types of knowledge.

i. Explicit knowledge ii. Implicit knowledge

iii. Tacit knowledge iv. Procedural knowledge v. Declarative knowledge

Management : Management is a distinct process, consisting of planning, organizing and controlling. The performance to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources. Management is the process of getting things done. Management involves decision making.

Knowledge Management : Knowledge and Management of knowledge are regarded as increasingly important feature of an organisational survival. Application of knowledge resources successfully helps the organisation to deliver creative products and services. Knowledge management has been identifiedas a key resources in all organisation.

Definitions : Knowledge management has been defined as ―A discipline that promotes an integrated

approach to identifying, capturing, retrieving, sharing and evaluating enterprises information assets.‖






There information assets may include databases, documents, policies and procedures as well as the unrecorded tacit expertise and experience resident in individual workers.

Types of Knowledge Management : There are two types of knowledge management. They are listed as below.

Explicit knowledge

Tacit knowledge

Explicit Knowledge : It is the visible knowledge available in the form of letters memos, literatures, reports etc. Explicit knowledge can be embedded inobject, rules, systems, methods, etc.

Tacit knowledge : It is highly invisible and confined in the mind of a person. It is hard to formalise and therefore, difficult to communicate to others. Transformation of knowledge from tacit to explicit form increases its usability and visibility. A few other ways to define knowledge management are, Capturing, storing, retrieving and distributing tangible knowledge assets such as

copyrights patents and liceness. Creating an interactive learning environment where people readily transfer and share

what they know, internalise it and apply it to create new knowledge.

Principles of Knowledge Management : According to Thomas H Davenport principles of knowledge management as listed below.

1. Knowledge Management is expensive. 2. Effective management of knowledge requires hybrid solutions of people and technology. 3. Knowledge Management is highly political. 4. Knowledge Management requires knowledge managers. 5. Sharing and using knowledge are often unnatural acts. 6. Knowledge Management benefits more from maps than model, more from markets than

from hierarchies. 7. Knowledge Management means improving knowledge process. 8. Knowledge access in only the beginning. 9. Knowledge Management requires a knowledge contract. 10. Knowledge Management never ends.

Tools of Knowledge Management : Knowledge Management tools go beyond electronic or paper-based data repositories. They include communities of practice as through which people create personally meaningful knowledge networks. Typical knowledge management tools include knowledge warehouses and enterprise resource planning system. The major tools of knowledge management are as follows. E- learning tools and applications. Staff and expertise directories; Yellow page. Document or knowledge repositories. Calendars, personal portals. Tools for knowledge capture, distillation and presentation.






Collaboration tools for community building and networking, shared documents, conversations.

Technologies for knowledge Management : Technologies for knowledge management are typically designed to ease the burden of work and to allow resources to be applied efficiently to the tasks for which they are most suited. It is important to note that information management tools are a subset of knowledge management tools. Technology plays an important role in knowledge management, and it facilitates the process of transmitting and exchanging information. Where knowledge management is concerned technology is a necessity in order to expand access to valuable information and codified knowledge on a timely basis. Many technology options are available for knowledge representation, artificial intelligence documents management, legacy systems, Data mining, decision support, Data warehousing, groupware, the internet, knowledge bases, intranets, web conferencing expert systems and multimedia.

Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries : Academic libraries are information centers established in support of the mission of their parent institutions to generate knowledge, equip people with knowledge in order to serve the society and advance the well being of mankind. The primary objectives of academic institutions of higher education is advancement of learning and acquisition of knowledge. Today librarians are connected to a vast ocean of network-base services. Academic libraries are the never centers if academic institutions need to support teaching, research and other academic programs. The primary objectives of academic institutions of higher education is advancement of learning and acquisition of knowledge. Academic libraries are under pressure from two sides : reduced budget and increased demand from faculty and students. The implementation of knowledge management in academic libraries is mainly driven by its mission rather than by the competition from Internet – based reference services or electronic books.

Need for Knowledge Management System in Academic Libraries : The exponential growth in human knowledge in a variety of formats has led libraries to develop their resources, access and share strategies from print to electronic and digital resources. In fact, the lion‘s share of the library budget is allocated to its staff and acquisition cataloguing of library materials. Effective use of staff and improvement of efficiency and effectiveness of technical services operations are the real focus of knowledge management in academic libraries.

Components of Knowledge Management : The knowledge management environment centered round three components. People - Technology experts knowledge professionals. Process - Creation, capturing, storing, sharing, application. Technology - Hardware and software package.

Significance of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries : Knowledge Management may be defined as a process of identification, capturing, storing and exploiting knowledge (both tacit and explicit)






To determine the value of Internet as a knowledge management tool at university libraries in Karnataka, small survey has been conducted to know their understanding of knowledge management. Their understanding of knowledge management is a process of identifying, acquiring organizing and sharing of information packages among the user groups. It also refers to effectively identifying, acquiring, developing, resolving, using, storing and sharing knowledge, to create an approach for transforming tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge.

Conclusion : Through knowledge management so for a corporate feature, the environment in which academic libraries operate is changing. Academic libraries have not yet been fully realized the potential of knowledge management. It is not individualize but teamwork. They have the knowledge of information organization along with certain amount of expertise in ICT application too. But, they are poor in integration of work and individual skills. This is very essential as knowledge is considerate as serviceable good and insures continued viability of libraries in the ever changing environment. References : Ahmed, P.K., Lim, K.K., and Loh, A.Y.E. (2002). Learning through knowledge

management. Oxford : Butter worth – heineman. Susarla, A. Liu, D, and whinston, A.B. (2003). Peer-to-peer Enter prise knowledge

management. In handbook on knowledgement. Knowledge Directories, Berlin : springer. Branin, J.J. (2003). Knowledge management on Academic Libraries : Building the

knowledge bank at the Ohio State university. Journal of library Administration, 39(4). Kim, Seonghee (2000). The roles of knowledge professionals for knowledge

management. INSPEL, 34(1), 1-8 Robertson, Shaunagh and Brun, Caroline De (2005). Developing the knowledge

Management environment. NLH knowledge Management. Specialist Library. Available at :https://www.library.nhs.uk/knowledgemanagement/view Resources.aspx






Library and Information Science Education in India: Issues and Trends

Prof. Swapnil Haribhau Dandade

Raje Chhatrapati Kala Mahavidyalaya Dhamangaon Badhe. Buldana

Abstract Present paper traces the emergence of library and information science education in India

before and after independence. Describes the current status, the different patterns and levels of LIS education as well as the research programmes being offered by various universities, Provides an overview of the institutions providing LIS courses at various levels through regular courses and open schools. It emphasizes the need for having a national level accreditation body to maintain uniformity and standards in LIS education. Discusses the problems affecting the status of LIS education and suggests ways to solve these problems and the approaches to prepare the LIS professionals to face the growing challenges of the job market.

Historical Background India have slow and steady growth of Library and Information Science education.

W.A.Borden an American disciple of Melvil Dewey, for the first time started a short term training programme in library science at Baroda under the patronage of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad of Baroda. In 1915, another American Asa Don Dickinson., the then librarian of Punjab University, started a three-months apprentice training programme for working librarians. After independence, new colleges, universities, educational institutions and learned societies were emerging and the need for professionally qualified personnel to manage their libraries was realized. As a result, the number of library science schools started to increase. Dr Ranganathan started certificate course at Madras Library Association in 1929 which was taken over by the University of Madras, was converted into PG Diploma in Library Science. University of Delhi was the first university to establish a full-fledged Department of Library Science just before independence in 1946, and started admitting students for Master degree in LIS. Between 1956 to1959, six new LIS departments were established at Aligarh Muslim University, M.S.University of Baroda, Nagpur University, Osmania University, Pune University and Vikram University. Such institutions played important role for the development of LIS education. University of Madras started its first PG Diploma in library science. University of Delhi contributed starting of Master in Library Science in 1951, was renamed Master in Library and Information Science. The course on ‗Computer Applications in Libraries‘ was introduced for the first time in the

MLIS programme in 1972. The M.Phil programme started in1978. The first Ph.D. was awarded to D B Krishna Rao in 1957, under the guidance of Dr. Ranganathan. At that time it was the only university in the whole of the British Commonwealth conducting Ph.D programme in LIS.

Present Era At present LIS has grown and developed into a full-fledged discipline; courses are being

impacted by university departments, institutions, library associations and specialized institutions. Data about these institutions was gathered from published sources shows the current status of these courses. Analysis of the data reveals that 85 universities and 32 colleges and institutions affiliated to universities are offering regular courses, whereas 27 universities are conducting these courses through distance education. However, the certificate and diploma courses are not taken into account. The number of universities, offering LIS programmes is as follows: 120 universities are offering bachelor‘s degree, 78 are offering master‘s degree, 21 are offering two-year integrated course, 16 universities are offering M.Phil degree, and 63 are offering Ph.D. degree. In addition, NISCAIR New Delhi and DRTC, Bangalore are offering a two-year Library and Information Science Education in India 3 Associateship in Information Science, which is






recognized by some universities as equivalent to Master‘s degree. India maintains its Third World leadership in library research in library education and literature . The University Grants Commission and Indian Council of Social Science Research are promoting LIS research programmes by awarding scholarships to doctoral students. The National Commission on Science and Technology New Delhi, Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation Calcutta, and ICSSR are also providing research grants for non-doctoral research.

Need For Redefining Lis Objectives The LIS education aims at providing trained manpower to manage different types of

libraries, information and documentation centers which, over a period of time have undergone changes in terms of needs, functions, types and range of services offered, as well as tools and techniques being used when offering the services. The students need to be more practical oriented and should be equipped with intensive and extensive knowledge on the use of IT in libraries. Application of technology has opened up new vistas so needs to re define LIS systems.

Levels Of Lis Education The LIS education in India is progressed at various levels such as certificate, diploma,

degree, Associateship in Information Science, M.Phil and Ph.D. These programmes are offered on regular basis as well as through correspondence courses or distance education.

Problems Of Lis Education Library Science programmes at the university level have existed for more than six

decades and have strong roots, but the profession still suffers from many problems, which are affecting the status of LIS profession ie a) Accreditation to achieve academic excellence. b) Mushrooming of Library Schools, c) Inadequate Faculty Strength, d) Lack of Library Facilities in school Libraries, e) Information Technology, f) Curriculum Revision In many universities, g) Admission Procedures and Intake Admission criteria, h) Students‘ Selection Criteria.

Verious Emerging Trends 1. .Departments are carefully viewing their curriculum to put more emphasis on emerging

areas like computer and communication technologies, and reducing emphasis on traditional techniques like classification and cataloguing.

2. Departments have started establishing their own computer labs and are emphasizing upon practical training on the use of IT, making the students competent to work effectively and efficiently in the electronic information environment. Library and Information Science Education in India 11

3. The trend of offering two-year integrated courses is emerging to eliminate duplication of course contents at BLIS and MLIS levels and providing sufficient time for teaching computer and communication technologies, and relating it to library work through practical training.

4. The beginning of PG Diploma courses in some specialized areas, like Archival and Documentation Management, Library Automation, Networking and Information Technology, etc.

5. With the introduction of Information Science curricula, there is greater emphasis on teaching LIS related to information organizations that offer specialized services. As a result, Data Banks, Information Analysis Centers, Translation Centers, Patent Libraries have marked the beginning of a new milestone in the global view of information activities.

6. Like industrial and production management, quality standards are also now being applied to libraries, leading the trend of emergence of ISO certified libraries in India. Therefore, LIS departments are also introducing components of total quality management in curriculum.






7. More LIS departments are getting independent status and privileges like other departments of the university in terms of full-time teachers and full-time head.

8. To face the technological challenges, more existing faculty members are engaging themselves in computer and IT related courses. New faculty positions are created and filled up with the LIS professionals having computer and IT related qualifications.

9. More Continuing Education Programmes (CEP) are being organized in the field of computer and related technologies and LIS departments are playing an active role inorganizing such courses.

10. A growing number of LIS departments are developing their own websites to provide information about themselves. With the growing impact of the Internet on LIS, new areas such as digital libraries, electronic publishing, online resources, metadata and information architecture are reckoning as nascent fields of LIS research.

Conclusion Today, the LIS profession has attained the status of a full-fledged discipline in India.

However, it has low recognition and has not been regarded at par with other well-known professions. As a result, most students do not opt for librarianship as a first choice of study. National bodies such as ILA, IATLIS and IASLIC should give serious thinking to find the timely solutions for the problems prevailing today. There should be a National Accreditation Body to apply rigorous parameters before granting accreditation to a library school. This will help to establish quality control in LIS schools. Attention should focus on Singh, S.P. 12 the adoption of relevant and up-to-date curricula, high quality faculty, willing students and good infrastructure in needed in every school. This is necessary to improve the quality of the products, creating better job opportunities for graduates and raising the social status of the LIS profession. References

1. Association of Indian Universities. 2003. Handbook on Library and Information Science, 2003. New Delhi: Association of Indian Universities.

2. Baba, Abdul Majid, 1999. Accrediting agencies for library and information science education. Paper presented at the 45th All India Library Association Conference, Dec 1999, Hisar, India.

3. Dutta Bidyarthi and Das, Anup Kumar. 2001. Higher Education in Library and Information Science in India. ILA Bulletin, Vol 37, no.1: 25-30.

4. Kumar, P S G.1998. Doctoral studies in Library and Information Science in India : A critical study. Desidoc Bulletin of Information Technology, Vol.18, no.1: 5-8.

5. Mangla, P. B.1998. Library and Information Science Education: Trends and issues, In: Jain, M K, ed. Fifty years of Library and Information Services in India. New Delhi: Shipra:285-293.

6. Patel, Jashu and Krishan Kumar. 2001.Libraries and Librarianship in India. London: Greenwood Press.

7. Satija, M. P. 1998.Whom do we serve? : Doctoral research in Library and Information Science in India. Desidoc Bulletin of Information Technology, Vol.18, no.1: 19-24.

8. University Grants Commission (India). 1965. Review Committee Report on Library Science in Indian Universities (Chairman: S R Ranganathan). New Delhi: University Grants Commission.






Role of Library in Changing Society

Prof. U. J. Gawande Librarian

Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj Art College Borgon (Manju)

[email protected]

Abstract Global economy, the development of information and communication technologies, new

customer requirements for the quality of products and services encourages organization to expand their practices to make innovations to use creative solution & to perform new functions – to take on new roles. In this changing environment together with other organizations we have information institutions – libraries. They serve the society; therefore they have to correspond the society needs.

The article describes that the role of library in changing society. The traditional library has transferred the digital library. The development of Information & communication Technology play role as every day library activities of the world. The library changes the role of user of the library and society. The society has followed in many ways and using the libraries‟. The use of internet as on import role as a development of the society\. The library professions are training and various skills are using the recent tread are learned and up to date in the digital environment.

Introduction A society or human society has several different meanings. It refers to people living

together in a community sharing community interests and may be having distinctive customs and institution. The term society may also be used to refer to various distinctive cultural groups of people. Put simply we view society as an aggregate of individuals living together as interdependent members in a highly structured system of communities.

Psychologically, people identify themselves with the idea of being part of an organized group for Unity strength. The purpose of forming people into societies Is therefore to pr5oinde protection continuity security and identity.

The libraries play a fundam3ental role in our society. They are the collectors and stewards of our heritage they are organizers of the knowledge in the book they collect-adding value by cataloguing, classifying and describing them; and, as public institutions they assure equality of access for all citizens. They take the knowledge of the past and present and lay it down for the future.

Global economy and the development of Information and communication technologies together with economic and technological fasters which stimulated those changes allow discussing about the formation of an a new society. The changing society is examined through Manurl castells Network society theory and frank Webster‟s explanations of modern attitude to society origination from generation theory in demographical sciences as well as marc prensky‟s concept of digital Native and Digital Immigrants. The change of society is analyzed in several dimensions, according to environment. (i.s. technological, economic, social, cultural)and turns in information infrastructures.






Library Definition-

The word „library‟s is derived from the Latin word ―library‖ meaning „a book place‟. It originates from the term „liber‟ which means „a book‟ According to the oxford companion to the English LOanguage- Library is a collection of book, periodical and \and other materials, primarily written and printed. Harrods Librarians Glossary and Refer hence Book defines „Library‟ as:

1. A collection of books and other literary material keep for reading study and consultation. 2. A place, building, room or room set apart for the keeping and use of a collection of

books, ect. 3. A numbers of book issued by one publisher under a comprehensive title as the „Loeb

classical Library, and usually or typography. 4. A collection of films, photographs and other nom-book materials, plastic or metal tapes,

disks and programs.

Collection of the Library materials: Today collection of library materials is digitization of digital library, virtual library and

hybrid library. The change of library collections of electronic, E-journals, E-papers and E-archives ect. The trend has changed into traditional library had been Digital library. The electronic publishing are development and various formats of the library materials.

The roles that libraries play society- The roles that libraries play in supporting modern societies can be grouped under five

major categories below: 1. Higher education 2. User education 3. Recreation 4. Library as a places and 5. Societal and cultural.

The societal roles that- libraries have come to play include democratization of

information and knowledge, linking people to knowledge and information sources, information and awareness services to communities for empowerment. Library as a place has an attraction in itself as library is used to run and organize academic, social and cultural activities. Libraries serve as community centers with creative spaces suitable for a number of activities such as organizing cultural activities to promote social harmony. Libraries collect, preserve and conserve document relating to socio-cultural aspects of the society for future generations. The following tape gives in brief functional roles of library in the society.

The role of the Higher education- Sporting education the following roles are of below Teaching research, and training in the society by providing access to knowledge

resources, and materials and by providing referrals. Dissemination and distribution of information. Knowledge stored in such document to stakeholder‟s ion education.






Serving as gateways to the collection of global libraries

Supporting informal self education and learning Roles of User education

Building good reading habits

Information literacy, computer literacy Encouraging use of library collection and services

The roles of the Recreation Supporting the educational, civic, and services Activities of groups and organization

The role of the library as a place Information commons- a library model for learning Offering architecturally designed building as a place that inspires interest in every one for

academic pursuits The role of the Societal and cultural

Democratization of information and knowledge in the society Linking people to knowledge and information sources

Giving under-privileged section of the society awareness about opportunities available in the society for their social and economic development

Community information resources Community awareness about State programmes such as mass literacy Organizing cultural activities to promote social harmony such as book discussion,

Lectures on important topic Supporting the civic and cultural activit6ies of group and organization Knowledge preservation traditional knowledge and

Serving as a gateway to local and national government

The knowledge society- The concept of a ―knowledge society‖ is of ten been misinterpreted or confused with that

of ―information be more limited as the application of knowledge of data creates information and

information has to be activated or generated by knowledge. Information according to him is the codified result of observation while knowledge entails the capacity to act. According to Burch (200 6) knowledge societies includes dimension of social, Cultural, economical, Political and institutional transformation and a more pluralities and developmental perspective regarded as a human process. The Wikipedia on the other hand refers to a knowledge society as a society where knowledge is the primary production resource instead of capital and labor. It may also refer to the use certain society gives to information. A knowledge society creates shares and uses knowledge for the prosperity and well being of its people. For us to be able to understand the concept properly or adequately there is the need to look at the characteristics that makes up a knowledge society. ―Lord and Brit 2‖ defined knowledge society as a society that operates

within the paradigm of the economic of information it values human capital as the primp input to production and innovation. Dik(2007) enumerated five features of knowledge societies as thus:

1. Knowledge societies are pluralistic and culturally diverse. 2. Knowledge societies are democratic societies for all and by all.






3. Knowledge societies ;earning societies. 4. Knowledge societies foster full human development. 5. Knowledge societies build better future.

The change of society- The library users are different types of children, Adult, Teenagers, Seniors citizens ect.

The use of interment accesses the online sources of Electronic book, E-journals, E-thesis, E-papers etc. The communication shared the Electronic mail, social Network of face book twitter, Linked in etc. The save the theme of the reads in the library a get it time the information. The library change of the society has cultured Readers circle Readers forum etc.

Conclusion- Analysis of scientific publication reveled the relationship between the changing society

and rules of the library .The change of society is related with its changing environment while analyzing societies technological, economic, social it is notable that not any quantitative changes or happening but also qualitative change. Labor markets requirement coming of new professions, changes of the attitude to word family and social relationship.

The library professionals are to use of Information and communication technology in various activities of the libraries. A library is a services oriented organization created to facilities access to learning resources, propagation of basic knowledge, preservation and dissemination of information, human culture and civilization. The develop the various skills are using the library roles. The internet has connected with may computers and development the network technology is right time the right information of the reader. Reference

1. Khanna, J.k (1987) Library and society. New delhi : Ess Ess publication. 2. Unesco (2005) Towards knowledge societies. Unseco world Report paries; UNESCO. 3. Shera.J.H. 1976 . the library and society ,Introduction to library science basic element of

library service Library Unlimited. ISBN 0872871738 4. White Ben (2012) Guaranteeing Access to knowledge. The role of libraries WIPO 5. Nuut, Anu (2004) ―The role of libraries in a knowledge – Based society Estonian and

European Experience Diversity in unity Baltic libraries in the Libraries in the European Union: proceeding of the 7th congress of Baltic librarians, September 30 –October 2, 2004 Jumurda modona region Latina. .






Knowledge Management in Academic Library

Mangesh R.Ubale Librarian

Shri R.L.T College of Science,Akola

Abstract Today knowledge has become the driving force for social development and people‟s

demand for more information and knowledge are increasing day by day. Therefore in knowledge based society library has become a treasure house of human knowledge, participate in knowledge innovation and become an important link in the knowledge innovation chain. This paper highlights the concept, practice and application of Knowledge Management in the libraries. Also focuses the librarian‟s role as a knowledge manager

Introduction Academic libraries are information centers established in support of the mission of their

parent institutions to generate knowledge, and people equipped with knowledge in order to serve the society and advance the well-being of mankind. In the digital age, academic libraries face challenges from both within (academia) and without. Academic departments, or even faculty and students, may purchase or build their own portals to meet their academic and/or research needs. Will that marginalize the services provided by academic libraries? Commercial companies have entered the field of information services. Will that encroach upon or erode into the territory of academic libraries?

The concept and name ―Knowledge Management‖ was started and popularized in the business world during the last decade of the 20th centure.It was the business world that first recognizes the importance of knowledge in the ―Global economy‖ of the ―Knowledge age‖. In

the new knowledge economy the possession of relevant and strategic knowledge and its unceasing renewal enables business to gain competitive advantage. The applications of knowledge management have now spread to other organizations including government agencies, research and development departments, Universities and others. To prove their relevance and value, academic libraries must strive to provide the right amount of information to the right clientele at the right time with a right expense of financial and human resources. With a stagnant or dwindling library budget, academic libraries have to increase their operational efficiency in order to meet the challenge. One management tool that can help in this regard is Knowledge Management (KM).

Academic Libraries Academic libraries are information centers established in support of the mission of their

parent institutions to generate knowledge, equip people with knowledge in order to serve the society and advance the well being of mankind. The primary objective of academic institutions of higher education is advancement of learning and acquisition of knowledge. Academic libraries are part of the university and its organizational culture. Whatever affects universities also has an impact on their libraries too. As a result the role of university libraries is changing to provide the competitive advantage for the university. And today librarians are connected to a vast ocean of network based services. Academic libraries are the nerve centers of academic institutions and are mandated to support teaching, research and other academic programs.

Changing environment and issues facing academic libraries Multiple formats of information

The rapid growth of information and communication technologies (ICTs) are said to be changing the way academic libraries operate today. Academic library collections are no longer collections comprised almost entirely of printed materials but collections comprised almost of materials in multiple formats and media. Information technologies such as computers,






multimedia and CD-ROMs are bringing unprecedented abilities to academic libraries in providing services and resources to the university community. Over the past few years, the Web has had a tremendous effect on the growth of information and the speed of transmission. The problem with the Web is that, there is no real organization of information like in the case of libraries. New means to deliver information over the Web places a challenge to academic librarians in terms of helping students make sense of information found on websites. Another challenge facing academic libraries in the networked online environment is to exploit all forms of digital and telecommunication technologies and find new ways and means to provide feasible forms of collections; services and access to library materials These technologies however, require greater responsibility to academic librarians. The challenge for academic librarians is to manage services, which offer users a carefully selected mix of multiple formats and media. Academic libraries should rethink their role in the whole university community.

Changing user needs As universities‘ market demands are changing in terms of improving students learning

outcomes, this has a direct impact on academic libraries and their delivery of services. Due to societal and technological developments, traditional teaching changes increasingly in creating learning environments. Students participate in flexible learning processes via more ‗indirect‘

contacts with teachers and facilities, including scientific information In addition, the teaching and learning patterns have developed towards greater modularization and place an emphasis on self-directed, independent study and student-centered learning, This places greater demands on the library, which is increasingly being used for group work, and librarians face increased pressure on the enquiry service and a greater need for user support and education. Academic libraries have to provide information services for users acting in the changing academic environment. Academic librarians need to liaise with library users, faculties and schools to support the effective teaching, learning and research

Knowledge management in Libraries As a learning organization, libraries should provide a strong leadership in knowledge

management. Unlike those business organizations whose goal for knowledge management is for competitive advantage, most public, academic, and research libraries, with the exception of company libraries (which may be known or called corporate libraries, special libraries, or knowledge centers), have a different orientation and value. Instead of competition, internal use only, and little sharing of knowledge with others outside, the most important mission of public, academic, and research libraries is to expand the access of knowledge for their users. Charged by this mission, libraries should aim their knowledge management goal high. Below are examples of what libraries can do to improve their knowledge management in all of the key areas of library services.

Application of Knowledge Management in Libraries 1. With the help of the Knowledge Management processes, libraries convert data and 2. Information stored in various sources into knowledge and deliver only relevant 3. Knowledge to users. Knowledge Management within libraries involves organizing and 4. Providing access to intangible resources that help librarians and administrators carry 5. Out their tasks more effectively and efficiently. Knowledge Management in libraries is 6. The combination of different processes such as acquisition of knowledge from different 7. Sources (print, electronic and human) and classification, storing, indexing and 8. Dissemination of that knowledge using people, process and technology in such a way by 9. Which library could fulfill the mission of the parent organization in term of users‘ 10. Satisfaction. It is to promote relationship in and between libraries, between library and

user, to strengthen knowledge internetworking and to quicken knowledge flow. The 11. Libraries are moving from collection management to knowledge management and digital






12. Technologies offering new information services and products. The application of 13. Information Technology (IT) enlarges the scope of knowledge acquisition, rises 14. Knowledge acquisition speed and reduces knowledge acquisition cost. IT is indispensable

in the application and exchange of knowledge and other fields. It functions as a source and tool for knowledge innovation.

Knowledge resources management Because of the exponential growth in human knowledge in a variety of formats, libraries

need to develop their resources access and sharing strategies from printed to electronic and digital resources in concert with their mission and charges. Restricted by limited funding, technology, staff, and space, libraries must carefully analyze the needs of their users and seek to develop cooperative acquisition plans to meet these needs. The changing concept from ―ownership‖ to ―access‖ and from ―just in case‖ to ―just in time‖ should be the goal of a sound

resources development strategy. An integrated online public access catalog (OPAC) with both internal and external

resources as well as printed and other formats of knowledge should be developed and maintained. Useful websites and knowledge sources should be regularly searched and selected from the Internet and included in OPACs by hard links. A system for the reviewing and updating of these resources should be performed.

Changing role of academic librarians In an age of great change in information formats, delivery models and technologies, an

important new role emerges for the academic librarian. argued that knowledge workers will be the most important profession in this century. There is no doubt that they are librarians. One of the major roles of academic librarians in the knowledge economy is that of knowledge managers. It is evident that academic librarians can no longer meet the information needs of the university community through the traditional avenue of simply adding to their library collections. Academic librarians need to go an extra mile. They need to understand the information and knowledge needs of users. They should be in a position to map internal and external knowledge that would assist them in increasing their efficiency. In other words, academic librarians should extend their information management roles and enhance their knowledge management competencies. Pointed out that academic librarian as knowledge workers, need to play active roles in 13searching for innovative solutions to the issues involved in adapting to new environments.

Applying knowledge management practices in academic libraries The basic goal of knowledge management within libraries is to leverage the available

knowledge that may help academic librarians to carry out their tasks more efficiently and effectively. Knowledge management is also aimed at extending the role of librarians to manage all types of information and tacit knowledge for the benefit of the library. Knowledge management can help transform the library into a more efficient, knowledge sharing organization knowledge management practices aim to draw out the tacit knowledge people have, what they carry around with them, what they observe and learn from experience, rather than what is usually explicitly stated. It is important for academic libraries to determine and manage their knowledge assets to avoid duplication of efforts. Knowledge management process involves the creation, capturing, sharing and utilization of knowledge.

User services The utmost goal of knowledge management is to provide users with a variety of quality

services in order to improve the communication, use and creation of knowledge. As much as possible these services should be tailored to the interest and needs of each user. Information about each user can be obtained by analyzing the records of user registration, surveys, circulation and interlibrary loans, frequently asked reference questions, and the use of e-journal and digital






resources, etc. User satisfaction and needs should be collected through periodic users‘ surveys. The findings should be used for the planning and redesign of library services. It is very important, however, that user‘s privacy should always be protected.

Conclusion Academic libraries are thus playing a vital role in crossing the borders, the key to opening

all gateways to knowledge. Librarians should train themselves and their staff to develop the appropriate knowledge management systems and use information technologies to equipped libraries to Librarians should train themselves and their staff to develop the appropriate knowledge management systems and use information technologies to equipped libraries to provide better, faster and pinpointed services to its clients/ users. Knowledge Management helps library and information professionals in improving the services being rendered to their users. Information professionals have to recast their roles as knowledge professional. The librarian‘s roles should

not be limited to being the custodians of information but they have to acquire skills to keep themselves updated so as to cope intelligently and objectively with the effective and efficient knowledge management in Academic libraries. References

1. Reid, I.C (2000): The Web and the Universities. http//:ausweb.scu.edu/aw2k/papers/reid/ accessed on 6/4 /2008.

2. Naidoo, V. (2002): Organizational culture and subculture influences on the implementation and outcomes of aspects on internal quality assurance initiates. http//:www.edu.on/conmferences/herdsa/main/papers

3. DiMattia, S and Oder, N (1997): Knowledge Management: Hope, Hype or Harbinger? Library Journal,. 122(15),

4. Khode, Subash and Singh, Umesh Kumar. Knowledge Management and Academic 5. Libraries. ILA Bulletin, 2006, 42(1), 27-31 6. Kumar, PSG. Information and Communication .B.R. Publishing Corporation, New 7. Delhi. 8. Gandhi, S. (2004). Knowledge management and reference services. The journal of

academic librarianship, 30(5), 368-381.. 9. .Singh G.K. and Singh B.K.2004. ―Knowledge Management And Librarianship‖, IASLIC

Bulletin. Vol.:49(2),pp75-79. 10. Sharma,S.,Arya,S. and Krishan Gopal. 2006. ― Knowledge Management in Digital Era:A

Challenge to Library Professionals‖,ILA Bulletine,Vol.:19(1-2)pp10-13. 11. Sharma,C.K. and Gupta,S. 2007. ―Knowledge Management: Its Application in Research in

Social Science‖,Journal of Library and Information Technology,Vol.:3(2),pp1-5.






Change Management in Libraries & Information Center to Survive in Technical Age

Chetan V. Shirbhate

9922400213 [email protected]

Abstract Libraries are transformed from Manual to automate and now they are moving to digital

or virtual era. Present paper discuss about the change management in libraries and information center. Change management is the law of earth. Libraries have the long history of change. Every time library and information center has adopted the new tools and techniques in library. But now a day it is becoming difficult for libraries and information center to satisfy user need of information. Development in ICT has change the whole nature of the libraries. To survive in this fast changing era libraries has to adopt some specific changes. Present paper has discuss about the need of change management in libraries as well as the area and the process of change management in libraries

Keyword:Change Management,Technological Change, Change in Library Policy, Process of Managerial Change.

Introduction Change managementis a collective term for all approaches to prepare and

support individuals, teams, and organizations in making organizational change. Change is the important features of nature. You might have witnessed significant changes around you in almost every aspect of life. This is the reason why Change is called ―as the law of life‖ because the only

thing constant and consistent is change. Our earth is also a part of change. Now days we are leaving in a fast changing environment. Changes have become a necessary part of our life. Every day new tools and technics are coming in every field. We are successfully adopting these changes. The most common change drivers include:process reviews, technological evolution, consumer habit changesand crisis; pressure from new business entrants, acquisitions, mergers, and organizational restructuring.

What is change Management? Change management is a systematic approach to dealing with the transition or

transformation of an organization's goals, processes or technologies. The purpose of change management is to implement strategies for effecting change, controlling change and helping people to adapt to change. Such strategies include having a structured procedure for requesting a change, as well as mechanisms for responding to requests and following them up.

Libraries and information centers are not remaining untouchable from this change. Libraries& Information Center are required to maintain harmony with their ever-changing environment. They have to maintain changing environment in libraries and information center for their survival. Libraries & information center are facing lots problem. They are facing funds, grants, user and resources problem. If they have to survive in this fast changing era they have to adopt changes.

Libraries and information centers are always adopted the changes in information and change in technical. They successfully implemented the changes in every area of libraries and

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individual

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_change

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquisitions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mergers

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https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/change-request






information center. Whether it is belongs to user needs, technical tools or in staffing. They are always changes as per situation. Libraries and information center are always in the processof change management. Libraries have the long history of change management.

But this digital era libraries and information centers are finding themselves in difficult to adopt the changes. Information communication technology has been changing rapidly. New tool and techniques are invented in the education and research field. The number of user of libraries and information center are decreasing day by day. Considering the Indian Environment, Indian Libraries and Information center are way behind to adopt the changes in their area. The scenario of traditional libraries is changed to automated libraries and now it is changing to digital libraries or Virtual Libraries or Library without walls.

The history of libraries is found to from 2000BC. At the beginning clay tablet, palm leaf, papyrus, stone, clothes are used to write. Libraries and information center are changes from ‗Palm Leaf to Palm Tap‘. ICT brought the significant changes in the Libraries and Information

Center. To survive in this fast growing Technical Era Libraries has to change their nature. In Indian prospective very few libraries and information centers are adopt the changes. Most of the libraries are unaware of this change.

Objectives of the Study To study the need for change Management

To study the change Management in Libraries and Information Center To study areas of change Management

To study the process of change Management in libraries & Information Center To study the problem of change management in libraries

Need for change in library and information centers: Change Management is a continues process. Libraries and information center are changes

their nature as per need. Now in this technical era libraries and information center has to change their traditional way of dealing with the information. In order to survive and develop every organization has to depend on their interaction with the external environment. The process of change Management in libraries is very complex. it involved a lot of exercise on the part of the management of any organization or institution and it requires considerable foresight.

The following are the basic needs for management changes in library and information centers Information explosion:

Today‘s age is information age. There is rapid tremendous growth in creation of information. In these environment libraries has to adopt the new way to satisfy the information need of user Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT):

ICT has brought the lots of opportunities for change management in libraries. ICT has change the performance of service and pattern of every intuition, organization. Libraries are not left from this. To provide the need base services to user it necessary for libraries to adopt it.

Globalization: Globalization made libraries and information centers to adopt change management in

libraries and information center.






Areas of Change Management in Libraries Information Communication technology has been changing rapidly. Libraries and information center are not expected to this change management. It‘s become mandatory for libraries to adopt

change cultures in every areas of library and information center. Following are the some areas where change management can be implemented in libraries and information center.

Change in the work design: The work design of a traditional library is not similar to modern digital or automated library,

so a change in the work design is compulsory for the success of automated library and information centers.

Change in the basis of departmentalization: There is different department in big libraries and information centers. In automated libraries

the work likes acquisition, classification and cataloguing, circulation, serial controlare done using the computer system instead of doing manually in traditionally. Modern libraries has other department or activity like Web OPAC, barcode, RFID, e-journals, e-books, CD-ROM, digital library, touch screen kiosk, server maintenance etc..

Change Management in Services Change Management has become the become the necessary in services of library. The

traditional services of library are no value in ICT era. Libraries and information center has to change their services. They have to move on to online or technology base services rather than the manual services.

Change in the number of operation levels to perform various activities, routine work of library staff:

As there is major changes service and processing department, changes is necessary in the number of staff in lower or operational level management.

Changes in Plans, Program and policy: As changing nature of library services it necessary for them to change their plan and policy. To provide better service in ICT era they have to make change their plans Policy and program

Change in the span of management and levels of management: For effective coordination, it is require Changing in the span of management and levels of management. Science the nature of modern automated library has been change. To handle more function at a single time it‘s require

to Change in the span of management and levels of management.

Changes in Technologies : ICT has been changing vastly. Libraries and information center are always ready to accept new tools and technics in library and information center. New technology has come like web 2.0 or cloud computing. Some libraries are using this technology to provide their library services to user.

Change may include –

Change in skill levels of the workforce: Change in the training programs to improve performance levels Change in attitude and values

Change in behavior and interaction pattern






l Change in technology requires different skills of the operator

Change in the structure requires change in their position, their authority, responsibility etc.

Process of Managerial Change in Libraries and Information Centers: Various following steps are involved in change management.

Need for change: For going to change management in library first of all we should identify the need for change management. The main reason going for change in library is user. Libraries are adopted changes in their daily work just for the user convenient.

Elements to be changed:: After analyzing the need of change management it is important to identify the element to be change. Elements of traditional library and automated library are different. Top management should aware about every elements of change and communicate the relevant elements to every unit.

Planning for change: After the identifying the elements to be change it is necessary to plan for change. Every library band information center is plan for proper work execution.

Assessing change forces: Various internal and external power are made us enable for bring the change. To manage the change in intuition effectively, efficiently, it is become necessary for us to ensure the co-operation of the people to create an environment in which change will be accepted by all. Change force, both internal and external is considered the important to anticipate and respond properly for the problems in the existing system.

Change actions: Each and every action should be changed for proper functioning of every unit for better work and service.It the process to implement the change management in to the library.

Feedback: Feedback mechanism is the most important task and the final process of change management. Feedback is important to ensure weather the changed pattern is going to achieve the objectives with minimum time, money and energy and determine whether follow-up action is essential to ensure success of change in management.

Role of Librarians: Librarian has to follow the following roles 1) Librarian should be qualified professionals with knowledge of library and information

management principles and practices 2) He must be expert in library systems, collections and services. 3) He should identify and select resources. 4) Manage the library and its staff and budget 5) He should aware of ICT and handling of ICT

Problems in Change Management in Libraries

Most of the librarian is unaware of use of ICT tools

Need of fund and skillful staff Need for policy to accept the change management in Libraries

Conclusion Change management is the only solution to overcome the problem related to libraries and

information center. The Librarian and information profession has been changing rapidly.






Libraries of are moving from traditionalto automated and further digital or virtual library.Libraries have to adopt the various changes to satisfy the user need of information. ICT has brought the opportunity for libraries and information center to satisfy user need at their place. Libraries and information center has to make maximum use of ICT tools. Reference

1. Ascroft, L. 2004. Developing competencies, critical analysis and personal transferable skills in future information professionals. Library Review, 53(2), 82- 88.

2. Deegan, Marilyn and Tanner, Simon. 2002. Digital futures: strategies for the information age. London: Library Association Publishing.

3. Boughey, Alan, 2000. Implementing the ‗New Library: the people‘s network‘ and the

management of change. Aslib Proceedings, 52(4), 143-149. 4. Farrow, Janet, 1997, Management of change: technological developments and human

resource issues in the information sector. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 12(5), 319-324.

5. PurushothamaGowda. 2015. Change Management Strategies and Motivation in Library and Information Centers in Coastal Karnataka. Proceedings of the Third Asia-Pacific Conference on Global Business, Economics, Finance and Banking, 17-19






Knowledge Management in Academic Library in Present Era

Mr. Kamlesh R. Patil Librarian

Dr.Rajendra Gode Institute Of Technology and Research, Amravati.

[email protected], mob.9822693949

In the present information and knowledge era, knowledge has become a key resource. In these days modern academic libraries are very attractive than traditional libraries. The traditional library is in agreement with the industrialized society and the modern library with, what we originally call the information and media society. The conventional function of academic libraries is to collect, process, disseminate, store and utilize information to provide service to the academic community. Whereas modern academic library use technologies while traditional libraries use manual support. Modern academic libraries attract users by providing contents in digital appearance to save their time. The concept ―Knowledge Management‖ was started in the

20th century. It was the business world that first recognizes the meaning of knowledge in the ―global economy‖ of the ―knowledge age‖. In the knowledge economy age, the management

refers to effectively classify, gain, develop, determine, use, store and share knowledge, to create an approach to transforming and sharing of tacit and explicit knowledge, and to raise the emergency and advance capability by utilizing the wisdom of the team. The applications of knowledge management have now increased to other organizations including government agencies, research and development departments, Universities and others. It will also examine the role of librarians/libraries in the digital and knowledge age should be in charge of knowledge management in their individual

Process of Knowledge Creation: Data:

Data is distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way. Data as a general concept refers to the fact that some existing information or knowledge is represented or coded in some form suitable for better usage or processing. Data are collected from a study involving observation, experimentations or surveys.

Information: Information is the process data which can be transmitted between individuals and each

individual can use it according to his need. When information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data. After processing (such as formatting and printing), output data can again be perceived as information.

Knowledge: Information transforms into knowledge. Knowledge is organized body of information or

facts or data or information. Knowledge is the proper collection of information, such that its aim is to be useful. Knowledge is a deterministic method.

Wisdom: Wisdom is the ability to judge what is true or right. It is an analytical and

nondeterministic, Non-probabilistic procedure. It is an exclusively human state.







Tyeps Of Knowledge Knowledge is classified into three types- Explicit knowledge Tacit knowledge Cultural knowledge

Explicit knowledge In 1991 Ikujiro Nonaka raised the concept of ―tacit‖ knowledge and ―explicit‖ knowledge

as well as the theory of ―spiral of knowledge‖. It is formal and easy to communicate to others and it is the knowledge of unity. It is also known as declarative knowledge.

Tacit knowledge Tacit knowledge can be transformed into objective knowledge and shared in the pursuit

of common or executive objectives. It is complex form of knowledge. This is personal knowledge, which is in human mind and difficult to honor and also difficult to communicate.

Cultural knowledge B. B. Chand describes the cultural knowledge as knowledge which includes assumptions

and philosophy. It is used to understand, explain and make clear the reality as well as conventions. It is also useful to form the framework among organizational members, recognize the new information and evaluate alternative interpretations and actions.

Information Management Information management is the gathering and management of information from one place

to another and the allocation of that information to one or more persons. The relevance of the principles of management to the acquisition, organization, control, and use of information in the libraries and information centers is called the information management. Information management is viewed as the planning, organizing and controlling of the information within an open system as using technology like computers, IT, etc.

Knowledge Management Knowledge management is essentially about getting the right knowledge to the right

person at the right time. Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge. Knowledge management may also include new knowledge creation, or it may solely focus on knowledge sharing, storage, and refinement. Knowledge management is the systematic management of an organization's knowledge assets for the purpose of creating value and meeting tactical & strategic requirements.

Role of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: An academic library is a library which provides an institution of higher education, such

as a college, university or a school and it also serves two complementary purposes to support the school‘s curriculum and the research of the university faculty and students. Academic libraries

are information centers established in support of the mission of their parent institutions to generate knowledge and people equipped with knowledge in order to serve the society and advance the well being of mankind. In the digital age, academic libraries face challenges from both within (academia) and without (the business sector). Implementation of KM enhances the traditional functions of academic library. The changing role of academic librarians as knowledge






managers emphasizes the need to continuously update or gain new skills and knowledge to remain appropriate to the modern library‘s environment. KM helps academic libraries and information professionals in improving the services being rendered to their users. The academic libraries are the spine of any organization or institution to information dissemination and the different services offered by the libraries are mainly designed to fulfill the goals of the organization. The main aim of library is to provide right information to the right user at the right time. So in academic libraries the knowledge management cannot be underemphasized, as it helps to enlarging the traditional function in digital age.

Objectives of Knowledge Management: The fundamental objective of academic libraries is to assemble the need of users demand.

Generation of information is increasing day by day. For the huge amount of information, is producing information pollution. It is very necessary to manage the essential information‘s to

generate knowledge. The objectives are as follows:

KM provides the relationship between library and their users. KM deals with creations, acquisitions, retrieves and distributes the knowledge in

academic library.

KM promotes earlier and easier recovery of data and disseminates the information. KM practitioners maintain that knowledge must be shared and serve as the foundation

for collaboration.

KM requires development of knowledge managers. KM creates knowledge repositories and manages knowledge as an asset.

Information Technology Used In Knowledge Management: Information technology is a broad term that covers all forms of technology used to create,

store, exchange and use information in different forms. It is a very important tool for knowledge management. Information Technology (IT) provides tools to support management of explicit knowledge and also to support communities of practice. Since most practical situations involve a combination of explicit and tacit knowledge, only an integrated set of information technology tools can provide effective and efficient support to knowledge management. Advancement of Information Technology (IT) and its applications in Libraries and Information Centres, the concept of document management has been changed to information management and again the entire situation of information management has started its change to knowledge management (KM). In recent years, many of the recently developed information technology for databases and information/document management can be utilized in knowledge management such as data warehousing, data mining, text mining etc. In academic library information acquisition, storage, management and disseminating have been tremendously and positively affected by computer technology. All routine activities involved in collection development, readers services (circulation and reference services), serials management and technical services are being accomplished by computer and related technology. Computer and IT application have notable benefits to academic libraries. Due to impact of globalization, economic competition and revolution of ICT, the libraries are undergoing great change in its environment. ICT tools and techniques, knowledge management systems, internet, web resources, digital libraries have made a important change in the existing library systems and services. It is a major challenge for the






library professionals. Knowledge acquisition is the starting point of knowledge management in Libraries. The application of IT enlarges the scope of knowledge acquisition, raises knowledge acquisition, speed and reduces knowledge acquisition price.

Advantage Of Knowledge Management In Academic Libraries: Promote innovation by encourage the Opening channel of communication ideas and

Improving quality and efficiency of decision-making Continuous improvement and learning from others Selection and use of information and data

Makes it possible for you to support new technologies easily and capture new knowledge for future use

Improves staff engagement and communication

Employee raining/education/development programme

Disadvantage Of Knowledge Management In Academic Libraries: Searching for new source of information

Adapting knowledge to users need Sharp and analytical mind

Creating/disseminating new knowledge and embedding it in new technologies and Products

Information Technology Literacy

Enables knowledge creation, flow and communication within the organization.

Conclusion: Knowledge and knowledge management (KM) are playing a very vital role in academic

libraries. In the present scenario KM is a powerful tool for promoting innovation, realizing and reengineering the various aspects of day to day actions of an institution. Knowledge in academic libraries can be acquired through: Establishing knowledge links or networking with other libraries and with institutions of

all kinds, Attending training programmers, conferences, seminars and workshops, Subscribing to list serves and online or virtual communities of practice, Developed their internal knowledge, Taxonomy, controlled vocabulary development, Indexing and abstracting services, Developed their roles and everyday jobs and

Buying knowledge products or resources in the form of manuals, blueprints, reports and research reports, etc. Day by day academic libraries are rapidly changes, they are becoming as an information centre. Academic libraries have always facilitated information exchange, so they are well placed to take on knowledge management functions. KM helps libraries and the other hand KM helps library professionals in improving the services being performed to their users. Information professionals have to reformation their roles as knowledge professionals. At the present time Library professionals have responsibilities to equip themselves with a new technology of knowledge management. The traditional role of library professionals was






information collect, process, disseminate store and make use of information to provide multi-disciplinary services to the personal and professional needs of the library users. But with the advent of ICT, they also play major role in knowledge management programmers and identifying, acquiring, developing, resolving, storing and sharing of knowledge. References:

1. Dhiman, A. K. (2011). Knowledge Discovery in Database and Libraries. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 31, 446-45.

2. .Hunter, J. (2005). The Role of Information Technologies in Indigenous Knowledge Management. Australian Academic & Research Libraries, 36(2), 109- 124.

3. Khan, M. H. (2008). Knowledge Management: A New Challenge for Libraries & Information Centres. -,2(2), 53

4. Knowledge Management. Retrieved on June 25, from http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KM 5. Lee, H.W. (2005). Knowledge Management and the Role of Libraries. Asian Division,

Library of Congress, Washington, DC, U.S.A. 6. Krishnan, K. Knowledge Management : The Role of Digitized Libraries. New Delhi, 7. India: Pearl Academy of Fashion. 8. file:///D:/What%20is%20the%20difference%20between%20traditional%20library%20an 9. d%20modern%20digital%20-%20Ask%20Community.htm 10. http://slq.nu/?article=traditional-and-modern-in-the-library-world 11. http://www.white-clouds.com/iclc/cliej/cl19lee.htm 12. http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/eserv/rmit:13384/Sarrafzadeh.pdf 13. http://www.unlibrary-nairobi.org/PDFs/KMLibraries21st.pdf 14. Hunter, J. (2005). The Role of Information Technologies in Indigenous Knowledge 15. Management. Australian Academic & Research Libraries, 36(2), 109-124. 16. Singh, G. (2013). Information Sources, Services and System. Delhi: PHI learning pvt.ltd.






Knowledge Management System in Academic Libraries

Porf. Vandana S. Hiwase (Gawande) Librarian, Indirabai Megghe Mahial Mahavidyalaya, Amravati

Abstract: The development of knowledge management in recent years has become the key concern for librarians and libraries. This paper will review the development of knowledge management and will compare the differences between information and knowledge as well as between information management and knowledge management. It will also examine the role of librarians /libraries in knowledge management and suggests that librarians/ libraries in the digital and knowledge age should be in charge of knowledge management in their respective organizations in order to leverage the intellectual assets and to facilitate knowledge creation. KM has been implemented in commercial and business environments towards achieving operational advantages. Its principles and tools can help libraries to improve performance and fulfil their mandate. Evolution of information and knowledge has impacted all organizations, including academic libraries. Knowledge management has drawn the attention of LIS professionals for the past decade. This paper suggests a pragmatic approach to the implementation of Knowledge Management for academic libraries: utilizing the existing staffing technology, and management structure.

Keywords: Knowledge Management, Academic Libraries, Knowledge anagers/Professionals, Intranet.

Introduction : This article aims to give an overview of how the field of knowledge management may be applied to academic libraries. In an article published 15 years ago by Charles T. Townley, Knowledge and Management and Academic Libraries (Townley, 2001), the author states that libraries do not manage knowledge as well as information workers, and it is therefore likely that knowledge management could and should be applied in academic libraries.

Academic departments, or even faculty and students, may purchase or build their own portals to meet their academic and/or research needs. Will that marginalize the service provided by academic libraries? Commercial companies have entered the field of information services. Will that encroach upon or erode into the territory of academic libraries. We are living in an era of information and knowledge explosion. The unprecedented growth of knowledge and information has impacted all organizations including libraries. The libraries are the repositories of knowledge and form an integral part of education.

To prove their relevance and value, academic libraries must strive to provide the right amount of information to the right clientele at the right time with a right expense of financial and human resources. With a stagnant or dwindling library budget, academic libraries have to increase their operational efficiency in order to meet the challenge. One management tool that can help in this regard is Knowledge Management (KM).

Objectives : To examine the concepts of knowledge and KM.






To determine the scope of KM in US profession. To examine the opportunities and threats for LIS professionals as emerged from the

origin of KM. To identify the requirement of competencies among LIS professionals for their

involvement in KM practice.

Knowledge Management : Knowledge has been identified as a key resource in all organizations whether non-profit or for-profit. Knowledge and management of knowledge are regarded as increasingly important features of an organizational survival. Application of knowledge resources successfully helps the organization to deliver creative product and services.

Need For Km In Libraries : The exponential growth in human knowledge in a variety of formats has led libraries to develop their resources, access and share strategies from print to electronic and digital resources. Due to budget shortfalls in libraries, limited technological access, poor staffing and space, libraries have to carefully analyze the needs of their users and seek co-operative acquisitions plans to meet the needs of users.

Stoffle (1996) pointed out that : It is in this area that academic libraries have a unique window of opportunity to help shape the future of both the library and the institution and it is the library's educational and knowledge management roles that hold the keys to success in this new arena. Academic libraries have always facilitated information exchange, so they are well placed to take on knowledge management functions. Knowledge Management is an outgrowth of data and information management. Increased competition and a mobile workforce with analytical skills and reduced loyalty to the organization make the concept of knowledge management and retention, appealing to managers. Knowledge Management (KM), once the sole domain of the corporate world, is now necessary to many information disciplines. Information professional need an understanding of what makes KM effective. Knowledge Management has been tooted and hyped since late 1990s, (DMattk, 1997) first in the business sector, and then in higher education and now in library management. The impetus for embracing Knowledge Management in academic libraries is mainly from a combination of library budget shortfall and higher user expectations. Jennifer Rowley heres her definition below: Knowledge management is concerned with the exploitation and development of the knowledge assets of an organization with a view to furthering the organization's objectives. The knowledge to be managed includes both explicit, documented knowledge, and tacit, subjective knowledge. Management entails all of those processes associated with the identification, sharing and creation of knowledge. This requires systems for the and organizational learing. Organization that succeed in knowledge management are likely to view knowledge as an asset and to develop organizational norms and values, which support the creation and sharing of knowledge. The new role of libraries in the 21st century needs to be as a learning and knowledge center for their users as well as the intellectual commons for their respective communities where, to borrow the phrase from the Keystone Principles, "people and ideas interact in both the real and virtual environments to expand learning and facilitate the creation of new knowledge." As learning organization, libraries should provide a strong leadership in knowledge management. Unlike those business organizations whose goal for knowledge management is for competitive advantage, most public, academic, and research libraries, with the exception of






company libraries (which may be known or called corporate libraries, special libraries, or knowledge centers), have a different orientation and value. Instead of competition, internal use only, and little sharing of knowledge with others outside, the most important mission of academic, libraries is to expand the access of knowledge for their users. Charged by this mission, libraries should aim their knowledge management goal high Most Knowledge Management advocators stress on the systematic and centralized management of knowledge. That may be advisable in the business sector. In the library world, the survival is not hinged so much on competitions from other libraries. There is a concern in the library world in recent years about some Internet-based companies that provide reference services or electronic books, journals and audio-visual materials. However, they are not an imminent threat yet as their services are fee-based while libraries offer free services. In that sense, libraries have an edge in the competition.

Findings : The concept of KM was emerged in business sector, now it is being used in public sector

organization including academic institutions and their libraries. Libraries are having explicit as well as tacit knowledge embedded in working processes

and experienced employees. Management of knowledge helps an organization to improve the quality of services.

Conclusion : It can be clearly seen that the environment in which academic libraries operate is changing. It is both faced -with challenges and opportunities. Academic libraries need to respond to these challenges in order to better serve the needs of the entire academic community. One way of doing that is engaging in knowledge management activities, that is, creating, capturing, sharing and utilising knowledge to achieve the library goals. Knowledge management is a viable means in which academic libraries could improve their services and become more responsive to the needs of users in the university. People gain knowledge from their experiences and their peers' expertise. Academic libraries need to recognise the knowledge its staff and create an environment in which their knowledge can be valued and shared. This is very essential as knowledge is considered as serviceable good and insures continued viability of libraries in the ever changing environment.

Reference : 1. Dimattia, S and Odar, N. (1997) : Knowledge Management : Hope Hype or Harbingea

Library Journal; 122 (15); 33-55. 2. Ahmed, P.K. Lim, K. K. and Lon, A.Y.E. (2002) : Learning through knowledge

management. Oxford : Butter worth – Hememum. 3. Townley C.T. (2001). Knowledge Management and Academic Libraries College & Research

Libraries, 62(1); 44-55. 4. The International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) 69th General Conference &

Council, (Belin Germany, August 2003); URL, http/www.ifla.org/iv/ifla69/prog03ftm 5. Jantz, R.C. (2001). Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries; special tools and

process to support information professionals. Reference Services Revies, 29(1).33. 6. IFLA (2009) Knowledge Management Section Knowledge Management, New Sleller, 4

(Accessed on 07/05/2010), http://archive.ifla.org/VII/647/ pub/km New Sletter 4.pdf. 7. Ralph, L.L.& Ellis, T. J. (2009). An investigation of a knowledge management solution for

the important of reference service. Journd of information technology & organization, 4, 17-38.

8. Martin, B. (2008). Knowledge Management Annual Review of Information Science & Technology; 42(10), 369-424.






Use of Libsys for Libraryknowledge Management

Mr. Anil .R. meshram Vidyabhartimahavidyalaya, Amravati

[email protected]

Abstract LibSys is a library management system with five modules - Acquisition System,

Cataloguing System, Circulation System, Serials System and OPAC. This system was implemented in the Library of Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, Maharashtra, India 18 years back. The author during the process of implementation and its subsequent use, have evaluated the system, and have reported their findings in this paper. It has been found that the system has the capability to automate all the library functions, though it has some shortcomings. It is available for single-user as well as multi-user environments for libraries with limited as well as unlimited collections. It can be implemented on almost all the popular hardware and software technologies.

Introduction to libsys:- Libsysis an multiuser library management software ,that caters to the needs of an

advanced library and information professional. It provides a tree structure system with each system comprising of several sub-system having unmatchable depth in functionality.It has a powerful and user-friendly WEB-OPAC along with windows based OPAC.IT runs on various platform such as INDOWS(95/98/NT/2000/xp),UNIX(various flavours), LINUXM, etc. Further, it adheres to standard such as MARC and Z39.50 for cooperative networking and resource sharing. The capacity of libsys is 60,000 titles.

The libsys system at a glance:- 1. Acquisition System 2. Cataloguing System 3. Circulation System 4. Serial system 5. Article Indexing System 6. OPAC System

Acquisition System It deals with approval and ordering of library material, monitoring their receipt, invoice processing and accessioning. It also maintains expenditure and budget analyses under a variety of accounts/heads. The Acquisition process consist of:- Selecting materials for a library. Placing orders for the supply of books to be purchased. Processing materials received as gifts. Arranging for exchange of books. Receiving the books in the library. Accessioning them. Passing the bill for payment for the books purchased.







Cataloguing System It provides online catalogues in various orders maintained in traditional libraries.

Additionally, it makes available instant listings under a variety of searchable fields to suit the requirements of a modern reference center. Other than data entry facility, the system as the additional facility to accept data in standard machine readable formats such as CCF (ISO-2709), MARC(ANSI-Z39.X),etc. This makes import/export of bibliographic data in standard exchange formats possible. bibliographies, current awareness services and selective dissemination of information (SDI). Multimedia files can be attached and viewed in OPAC, meeting the requirements of certain specific libraries.

Circulation System It maintains up-to-date membership records as well as the latest status of the collection

meant for circulation. It facilitates printing of bar-coded ID cards, along with an optional facility to attached member‘s photograph. It performs all the function related to circulation, providing

suitable checks at every stage. It also takes care of infrequent but routine function such as bindery records management, books on display in the library, latest additions to the library, etc.

Serial System It provides control of subscription of periodicals and subsequent monitoring of the

scheduled arrival of individual issues. It maintain records of the budget sanctioned for serials under different categories, amounts spent, thus providing complete budgetary control. It also handles serials which are received gratis or in exchange.

Article Indexing System It provides the facility to create and maintain a separate articles database. It facilitates special; services such as SDI, listing of current articles, bibliographies, etc.

OPAC System As an acronym suggests, it provides an online public access catalogue. The bibliographic database can be accessed with printing with indexes. The system includes a word-based search facility using Boolean operators that can narrow down a search to meet very specific needs. Additional feature of this system are:-

Periodic listing of recent additional to the library. Members can find the material checked-out to them. Reserve materials that are currently in circulation.

WEB-OPAC System It is an optional module and provides an advanced GUI interface to enable searching of

the library database.

Conclusion:- India beings a country with rich diversity in language, cultures, and religions, which are

stored in printed media, diversity of languages has imposed tough hurdles in the way of digitization and access to Indian literature. To remove these hurdles transliteration was introduced. Later on Unicode was introduced, to further initialize Unicode, proper open software was essential for improved efficiency of library operations, improve collection management, improved control, rapid communication and hence libsys software was introduced in 1984 in delhi by mr.aniljain he was the main architect of libsys. Then it was implemented in haryana agriculture university,hisar. Libsys provides the thirst of knowledge for various students, research scholars and teachers belonging to diverse culture and speaking different languages. References : 1. www.libsys.co.in






Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries

Ravindrasingh.V.Tomar Vidayabharti Mahavidyalaya

Amravati.(M.H) India. [email protected]

Abstract:- The new knowledge economy has lead to significant changes in the management of

various types of organizations in our society, including libraries and information services and in the management of the resources with which they deal. The academic library will play a very crucial role in the extension and modification of knowledge. This article approaches the process of knowledge management which can help libraries to better adapt to the new requirements of the digital age and meet users‟ needs. The development of knowledge management in recent years has become the key concern for librarian and libraries. Knowledge Management requires more effective methods of information handling, speedy transfer of information. This paper is proposed to be an overview to assist Knowledge Management in terms of its relevance for library and Information science professionals. It also examines the role of librarian in Knowledge Management.

Keywords: - Knowledge Management, Academic libraries, Library Professionals

Introduction:- The concept: Knowledge Management was started and popularized in the business world

during the last decade of the 20thCentury. It was the business words that first recognize the importance of knowledge in the ―global economy‖ of the ―Knowledge age‖. As a subject discipline of the knowledge economy, Knowledge Management is completely new concept and method of management. The digital age and the increasing volume of information available today calls for new strategies in the libraries through which the services they provide meet better users‘ needs and access to knowledge is improved. The applications of Knowledge Management

have now increased to other organizations including government agencies, research and development, university and Academic Libraries. Librarian and Information professionals are trained to be experts in information searching, selecting, preserving, repackaging, acquiring, organizing, disseminating and serving. In the 21stcentury the library will certainly face the new subject of Knowledge Management. . In recent years, under continuous change and competition between organizations in each field, Knowledge Management has proven to be a process that supports organizations to achieve their goals and also success and performance.

H. W. Lee considers that the most important mission of libraries in this century is to expand access to knowledge for their users and academic libraries in particular should act as learning and knowledge centers and develop Knowledge Management systems. Malhotra place knowledge management in the context of environmental changes that bring organizations to the need to find ways to survive and increase competence. In his definition, he considers that knowledge management refers to the organizational processes which are based on the combination of information technology and human creativity. ―Knowledge Management caters

to the critical issues of organizational adaptation, survival, and competence in the face of increasingly discontinuous environmental change... Essentially, it embodies organizational






processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technologies, and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings.‖

What is Knowledge Management:- Knowledge plays an important role in modern world of organization. Knowledge

Management is a newly emerging interdisciplinary business model that has knowledge with the frame work of an organization. Knowledge Management involves people, technology and processes in parts. It rests on two foundations first utilizing and exploiting the organization information, second the application of people‘s skill, talents, thought, ideas, commitments,

motivations and imagination.

Types of Knowledge:- Tacit Knowledge:- Tacit knowledge is knowledge embedded in human mind through

experience and jobs Coined by Hungarian Medial Scientists Michael Polanyi, it include institutions, values and believes that stem from years of experience.

Explicit Knowledge:- In contrast explicit knowledge is knowledge codified and digitized in books, document, reports white paper, spread sheets, training courses and explicit knowledge can be retrieved and transmitted more easily than tacit knowledge. Because it is knowledge learned directly from experience, tacit knowledge is difficult to share across space and time.

Need for Knowledge Management:- 1. To enhance users satisfaction. 2. To promote collection, processing, storage and distribution of knowledge 3. To promote relationship between library and users 4. To protect the intellectual property right, in information technology era 5. To create knowledge repositories and manage knowledge as an asset 6. To organize the value of knowledge and improve effective research 7. To increase public faith in the organization to strive meet and manage needs of user

community. 8. To be able to justify the spending of funds allocated to the organization library and

information center by the parent body. 9. Recruiting the best people for the job. 10. Exposing professional to the complexity of real problem to stimulate and cultivate

professional‘s knowhow to retain professionals to react in problem solving techniques.

Scope of Knowledge Management in the Academic Library Profession The value of Knowledge Management in the Academic Libraries has been recognized as:

1. Survival factor for libraries to overcome the challenges in library professionals are facing in the changing and competitive environment.

2. Solution for the improvement of future prospects of libraries. 3. Method for improving knowledge-based services for internal and external users through

creating an organizational culture of sharing knowledge and expertise within thelibrary. 4. Solution for the development and application of the organizational knowledge to improve

library operations and services. 5. Means for the transformation of library into a more efficient and knowledge sharing

Organization.






Conclusion:- Though the concept of Knowledge Management emerged in business sector, but its

practices have now been used in the area of non-profit and public sector organizations, including academic libraries. Recently, Academic Librarians LIS professionals have started to acknowledge the importance of Knowledge Management.

Knowledge Management needs to be accepted as a key factor of the overall business strategy. Academic Library may play an important role in success of Knowledge Management for their organization. Libraries take care of tacit knowledge in a better way for their successful working and satisfy their users. Library and information professionals develop appropriate knowledge management system in our academic libraries. The library and Information professionals/Librarians are best knowledge creators. References:-

1. LEE, Hwa-Wei. Knowledge Management and the Role of Libraries. In: The 3rd China-US Library Conference, [online], [accessed 2010 May 10]. Available from:http://www.white-clouds.com/iclc/cliej/cl19lee.htm

2. MALHOTRA, Y. (1998) ―Compilation of definitions of knowledge management‖ at

www.brint.com. Apud firestone, J. M.; Mcelroy, M. W. Key Issues in the New Knowledge Management. Boston: Butterworth Heinemann, 2003, p. 63.

3. Sarrafzadeh, M. (2005). The implications of knowledge management for the library and information professions. Act KM Online Journal of Knowledge Management, 2(1), 92-102.(Accessed on 05.04.2011), www.actkm.org/actkmjournal_vol2iss1.php.

4. Jantz, R. (2001). Knowledge management in academic libraries: Special tools and processes to support information professionals. Reference Services Review, 29(1), 33-39.

5. Shanhong, T. (2000). Knowledge management in libraries in the twenty first century. World Library and Information Congress: 66th IFLA Council and General Conference,Jerusalem.

6. Roknuzzaman, M. & Umemoto, K. (2009). How library professionals view knowledge management in libraries: A qualitative study. Library Management, 30(8/9), 643-656.

7. Gandhi, S. (2004). Knowledge management and reference services. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 30(5), 368-

8. 381. 9. PSG Kumar, A Students Manual of library and Information Science-2002, 10. pp.503 11. University News, 49(02), January 10-16, 2011. 12. International Journal of Library & Information Science Vol.1 (2), pp.024, 13. March 2010. 14. www.about-goal-setting.com/KM-library.






Resource Sharing and Knowledge Management System in Acadamic Libraries

Dr. Vishalsingh R Shekhawat

Librarian Vidyabharati Mahavidyalaya Amravati

[email protected] Abstracts:

This paper gives a basic concept about knowledge management and resource sharing by using the ICT. Knowledge management provides right information to right users by using ICT. Information creates by human mind and for sharing the information need proper process or planning to convert information into knowledge.

Key word: Knowledge management, Resource Sharing, Information Communication Technology

Introduction: In the present information and knowledge era, knowledge has become a key resource. In

these days modern academic libraries are very attractive than traditional libraries. The traditional library is in agreement with the industrialized society and the modern library with, what we originally call the information and media society. The conventional function of academic libraries is to collect, process, disseminate, store and utilize information to provide service to the academic community. Knowledge Management (KM) is a concept that emerged explosively in the business community over the last few years. It is a relatively recent phenomenon and as a key component of the strategic planning process which developed in the mid-1990s. Day by day all types of libraries are undergoing to drastic changes, they are becoming as a knowledge resource center. Today for teaching, learning and research, it is expected to provide standard information resources. Today, academic libraries are struggling to keep their place as the major source of investigation in the face of rising digital technology. The new role of academic libraries in the 21st century needs to be as a learning and knowledge center for their users. In the present age of information and communication technology (ICT) information, communication technology and knowledge have become essential ingredients due to multi-dimensional use and application in the society. They have also been playing an important role to change and improve the current society for future vision. Knowledge Management is an emerging field and complex process, which deals with creations, acquisitions, storage, packaging and application of knowledge. It is the systematic, explicit and deliberate building renewal and application of knowledge related effectiveness and returns from its knowledge assets. Library & Information Science professional have realized the importance of knowledge management.

Types of Knowledge: In 1991 Ikujiro Nonaka raised the conception of ―tacit‖ knowledge and ―explicit‖

knowledge as well as the theory of ―spiral of knowledge‖. Knowledge is a product of human

experience and it can be defined as the management of creating, sustaining, applying, and renewing knowledge resources of an organization including its relationship with seeker and service provider. Knowledge can be broadly divided into two types:






Tacit Knowledge: Tacit knowledge remains in the minds of people. The acquisition of tacit knowledge is usually improved through a process of trial and error during practical experience.

Explicit Knowledge: Explicit knowledge easy to communicate to others and it is the knowledge of unity.

Research Objectives: The main objectives of this research paper are *To identify knowledge base of captured tacit and explicit knowledge of staff and students/ Institute • *To study the application of ICT and web technology for creating knowledge *To identify and analyze the development of knowledge management processes.

Information Management: Information management tries to make the right information available to the right person

at the right time though a variety of database driven information applications. Before we discuss about knowledge management it is essential to clear the concept of information management. According to Wikipedia, Information

Knowledge Management (KM): Knowledge Management (KM) means management of knowledge. KM deals with

creating, securing, capturing coordinating, and combining, retrieving and disseminating knowledge. Knowledge management is essentially about getting the right knowledge to the right person at the right time. Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge. Knowledge management may also include new knowledge creation, or it may solely focus on knowledge sharing, storage, and refinement. KM is the systematic management of an organization's knowledge assets for the purpose of creating value and meeting tactical & strategic requirements management is the collection and management of information

Knowledge Communication Knowledge communication is the (deliberate) activity of interactively conveying and co-

constructing insights, assessments, experiences, or skills through verbal and non-verbal means. Knowledge communication has taken place when an insight, experience or skill has been successfully reconstructed by an individual because of the communicative actions of another. The process of knowledge communication hence requires more reciprocal interaction between decision makers and experts because both sides only have a fragmented understanding of an issue and consequently can only gain a complete comprehension by interactively aligning their mental models. All of this means that when we communicate knowledge, we are still communicating information and emotions, but we also create a specific type of context so that this information can be used to re-construct insights, create new perspectives, or acquire new skills. By examining the communication problems which often impede knowledge transfer in detail, we can look into this black box and propose pragmatic ways of improving knowledge communication, especially among experts and managers from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more users.






Benefits Of Knowledge Management In Modern Academic Libraries Today‘s library holds a wealth of knowledge. Often the most valuable knowledge is the

expertise of senior employees or information professionals and is often dispersed around the organization. Here are some advantages of KM are given below 1. Knowledge management has help for libraries to respond to challenges to faces in an frequently changing environment. 2. KM provides Current awareness and automated information digests. 3. KM provide day night through internet access to the library‘s resources, for users every time. 4. Improve performance and users focus solutions.

Knowledge Resources Management Modern library is also like a digital library, here use Library Automation, (acquisitions,

cataloguing, circulation and OPAC), CDs, DVDs, Microfilm, E-Books, E-Journals, Databases, Library Co-Operation and Resource Sharing, (Inter-Library loan) Networked digital information resource sharing, (web OPAC, SDI, CAS, Article alert service),etc. The librarians today distinguish their role more as a custodian of knowledge. Modern libraries need to develop their resources access and sharing strategies from printed to electronic and digital resources in concert with their mission and charges. Restricted by limited technology, staff, and space libraries must carefully analyze the needs of their users and seek to develop cooperative acquisition plans to meet these needs.

Importance Of Km To Resources Sharing In Acadamic Library: As a learning organization, libraries should provide a strong leadership in knowledge

management. Libraries should improve their knowledge management in all of the key areas of library services. To cope with the exponential growth in human knowledge, libraries need to develop their resources access and sharing strategies from printed to electronic and digital resources. Limited by funding, technology, staff and space, libraries must carefully analyze the need of their users and seek to develop cooperative acquisition plans to meet the needs of users. Libraries had a long tradition of resources sharing and networking. These have been greatly expanded by the rapid development of computers ,telecommunication, networking and digital technologies in modern library various type of collection made available through digital library via networking tools like E-book, E-newspaper, E-Journals, E- databases like N-List, E-thesis, dissertations and projects, library network, web OPAC, mobile OPAC like. To facilitate the implementation of knowledge management, a well-defined and operational knowledge management system should be in place. Latest information technology should be used in the libraries. In this regard, the library director / librarian should consider himself as the chief knowledge officer of the entire organization and should work together with the chief information officer, heads of the planning department, the computer and information technology center, the human resource management department, the finance department etc., to design and develop such a system. Such knowledge management system should be built on the existing computer and information technology infrastructure including upgraded intranet, Extranet, internet and available software programs to facilitate the capture, analysis, organization, storage and sharing of internal and external information resources for effective knowledge exchange among users.






Knowledge Management Tools for Academic Libraries The continuing education through professional training courses or workshops plays a significant role in the implementation of knowledge management in all contemporary organizations. Members within the community of practice freely exchange knowledge which creates an even greater resource base of knowledge. Information Technology (IT) serves as a powerful enabler and provides effective and efficient tools for all facets of knowledge management including capturing, sharing, and applying knowledge. New technologies have dramatically transformed the library world too. It can also support knowledge sharing by facilitating people to locate as well as communicate each other Knowledge Management in an academic library therefore is to ensure an all-round improvement of library staff‟s capacity; promotion of relationships between libraries and library users; it promotes knowledge innovation, strengthening knowledge internetworking and quickens knowledge flow. Other objectives are highlighted below. Implementations of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries A knowledge management initiative in libraries becomes imperative in order to harness the wealth, wisdom, expertise, and experiences embedded in the heads of such employees before they leave the library. This can be achieved through brainstorming, open discussions, and provision of fertile ground for creativity, sharing of ideas, organizing workshops, conferences, mentoring, web archiving, digitization, and identification and collectively addressing problems and finding solution. Therefore there are a number of approaches that academic librarians

Conclusion : At the concluding that the major trust of KM in librarianship is to enhance accessibility

of information, and customize to the professional needs. But there is a need to reshape the structure of academic libraries for them to be able to improve the services they provide to library users. Libraries have a long and well-off experience in the management of information. They should be in a position to map internal and external knowledge that would assist them in increasing their efficiency. In the present scenario knowledge management is a powerful tool for promoting innovation, realizing g the various aspects of day to-day activities of an organization. Knowledge is growing very fast in every aspect of life and it is becoming very difficult for knowledge professionals to capture and disseminate the available information to the deserving person without using the emerging technologies. Librarians should work together with IT professionals and others to develop the proper knowledge management system. The new role of modern libraries in the present day needs to be as a learning and knowledge centre for their users. These include acquisition of modern tools, updating skills and standardization, knowledge creation, knowledge capturing, knowledge sharing, and skills in ICT. References:

1. Singh, G. (2013). Information Sources, Services and System. Delhi: PHI learning pvt.ltd 2. https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/view/15420/16866 3. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED452865






A Study on Awareness and Access of E-Resources Through N-LIST Programme Among the Students of Vidyapratishthan‟s Arts, Science and

Commerce College Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University Ms. Ghodake Alka R., Librarian, Mr. Rathod Rohidas B.B. V. P. Arts, Science and Commerce College Network Assistant, DUCP Vidyanagari, Baramati, Pune (M.H.) Developing Library Network, New Delhi E-mail- [email protected] E-mail- [email protected] Abstract: -

This paper discuss the awareness and access of N-List programme by the students of Vidya Pratishthan‟s Arts, Science and Commerce college affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune

University. The purpose of the study is to know the awareness about e-resources under N-List programme, purpose of accessing N-List programme, frequency of using N-List programme, sources of information about N-List programme, satisfaction level about N-List programme, place of accessing N-List programme, types of e-resources most frequently use through N-List, opinion about collection in N-List Programme, satisfaction level, problems faced while accessing N-List programme. Questionarie and interview method was used for data collection. From the study it comes to know that they required orientation and training for effective use of e-resources under N-List programme.

Introduction: The study is undertaken keeping in the mind that researcher are in need of resources.

Which will save their time, money and it be must assure accessible anytime anywhere and at his place. It is very important to analyze the usage of e-resources by the researcher and services offered by the N-LIST Consortia and problems faced, usefulness, purpose, awareness, satisfaction of the researcher couldn‘t exploit the benefits of modern technology of access e-resources.

Need of the Study: The study will provide suggestion through findings to the librarian‘s to manage their

resources effectively and efficiently and suggest solutions to overcome problems faced by the student for better access to e-resources.

Objectives of the Study: 1. To analyze the awareness of N-LIST programme. 2. To find out the problem faced while accessing the N-LIST service 3. To find out the level of satisfaction of N-LIST services. 4. To ascertain the need for user orientation and training programme. 4. To make suggestions and Improvements.

Scope of the Study: The Stream chosen for the study is limited to the VidyaPratishthan‘s Arts Science and

Commerce College, Baramati. For the study post graduate students of Science faculty are selected who enrolled and admitted to the N-LIST programme.






Methodology: A well-structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the research student. It

was formulated toelicit the details about the purpose, problems, and satisfaction of the user and usage of e-resources. 302 questionnairewere distributed among the post graduate students of VidyaPratishthan‘s Arts Science and Commerce college out of 302 questionnaire260

questionnaire were received back. Awareness Program Conducted in College:

Awareness was organized since last three years in VidyaPratishtha‘sArts Science and

Commerce College affiliated to SavitribaiPhule Pune University. The data was collected and the information was collected about N-LISTresources and services. Percentage method was used for analyzing the data.After creating login Id and password we put a notice for the accessing of e resources and the awareness programme on how to login and access e-resources under the N-LIST is conducted and studied the details are provided in

N-LIST Program: N-LIST stands for “National Library Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content‖. The programme is funded by the MHRD to extend access to selected e-resources to colleges covered under section 2F/12B of UGC Act. as college component under UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium.The N-LIST program provides access to e-resources to students .researchers and faculty from colleges and other beneficiary institutions through sever(s) installed at the INFLIBNET Centre. The authorized users from colleges can now access e-resources and download articles required by them directly from the publishers websites once they are duly authenticated as authorized through deployed at the INFLIBNET Centre. Beneficiary Colleges:

All colleges under section 12B/2 For UGC Act and Non aided Colleges (except agriculture, Engineering, Management, Medical, Pharmacy, dentistry and Nursing) Can access to electronic resources subscribed by (UGC-INFONET)Digital Library consortium as well as few selected e-resources that were found most appropriate for colleges including e-journals and e-books. These resources include more than 6,300+e-journals and 138500+ e-books. All non-aided Colleges (except Agriculture, Engineering, Management, Medical, Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing) are requested to register themselves. Training and Support:

The INFLIBNET Centre conducts user awareness and training program in various universities to generate awareness regarding availability of e-resources to colleges under the N-LIST Programme. Besides, universities are also being encouraged to conduct tutorial for e-resources covered under N-LIST programme. Brief Profile of College and University:

Vidya Pratishthan‘s Arts Science and Commerce College established on 1994. It is affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University. We publish Annual Magazine Vidyadeep.NSS The NAAC (2011) has conferred ―A‖ Grade to the college for two times and library has got ―Best Practices‖ in the compendium of NAAC report.






About Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune: It is one of the finest and most popular educational centers in the city. It offers

excellent programs in various areas including Science, Commerce, Arts, Languages and Management Studies.

It is one of the premier universities in India, is positioned in the North-western part of Pune city. It occupies an area of about 411 acres. It was established on 10th February, 1949 under the Poona University Act. The university houses 46 academic departments. It is popularly known as the 'Oxford of the East'. There is a well-stocked library containing plenty of books regarding various subjects. The university offers different scholarships to the students.

Data Analysis and Interpretation: Total 260 questionnaires were distributed to post graduate students of Arts Science and Commerce College, Baramati and which using e-resources under the N-LIST programme. Question No. 1:Gender wise respondents using the N-LIST e-resources? Shows that 109(41.92 %)of the respondent were male and 151(58.07%) were female. Question No. 2:User awareness about e-resources underN-LIST? Reveals that the 94% of respondent are aware of and 6% are unaware of this programme. Question No. 3: Purpose of accessing e-resources under N-LIST program? Respondent shows the various purpose of using e-resources through N-LIST are for seminar and conference85(32.69%) followed by project work 61 (23.46%) and for preparing exam 59(22.69%) respondent are interested the other purpose of using N-LIST e-resources is 21(08.07%), to keep update and 20(07.69% ) and 15(05. 38%) using for assignment and it is revealed that the majority of respondent are using N-LIST e-resources for seminar and conference. Question No. 4: Frequency of using e-resources under the N-LIST Program? Shows that the most of the respondent use N-LIST e-resources once in a month i.e. 160 (61.53%) and 33(12.69%) several times in week 22(11.53%), 08(03.09%)use e-resources several times in amonth30(11.53%) respondent use it daily and 07(02.69%) never use it if they are aware of it. Question No.5:Source of information about N-LIST program? Student were asked how they came to know about N-LIST programme 160 student (61.54%) were came to know from orientation programme conducted by college library 36 (13.85%) by library staff 24 (09.23%) by friends 21(08.77%) by teachers and 19(07.31%) through library websites. It shows that the orientation programme conducted by library was useful. To increase awareness among the student the awareness programme must be arranged by library. Question No. 6: Satisfaction level about Physical Facilities? To know about the physical facilities available in the college researcher asked about the availability of internet facility260 (100%) respondent answered that the internet facility was available in the college. To know the level of satisfying about the internet facility the 240 (92.30%) students responded that the internet facility was satisfied Number of computers were also sufficient 220(84.62 %) , 260(100%) students responded positively about Wi-Fi facility. 242 Student said that they get the orientation from the library about the N-LIST programme. Followed 229 (88%) are satisfied about the orientation programme. 221(85%) responded hands on training was useful.






Question No. 7: Place of accessing N-LIST E-resources program? From the table data reveals that the majority of respondents access N-LIST e-resources from college library 150 (57.9%).followed by department 61 (23.46%) and 23(08.85%) from college hostel and 19(07.31%) from college computer centre and 07(02.69%) from home. Question No. 8: Types of e-resources most frequently used through N-LIST? From the table it is come to know that majority of the respondents used e-journals most frequently i.e. 142(54.61%) followed by e-books95(36.53%) and 23 respondent used bibliographic databases(08.86%). Question No. 9: Opinion about e-books, e-journals,collection in N-LIST program? To know about the collection of N-LIST e-resources researcher asked the above questions and 75(28.85%) respondent expressed their opinion that e-books and e-journals collection are excellent and 96(36.92%) respondent expressed it was good, 70 (26.92%) said it was moderate, 19 (07.31%) respondent expressed that the collection was poor. Question No. 10: Satisfaction level towards Coverage and Accessibility of e-resources under the N-LIST? From the table it is clear that91(35%) respondents have highly satisfied with N-LIST e-resources and 66(25.39%) were moderately satisfied where 59(22.39%) satisfied 24(09.23%) slightly satisfied and 20 respondents (07.69%) were dissatisfied. Question No. 11: Orientation and training requiredto use the e -resources under the N-LIST program? Majority of the students 245 (94%) felt that they need the orientation and training and 15(6%)students felt that they not required training and orientation. Question No. 12:The problems faced by the students while accessing the N-LIST The question was asked and the respondent expressed their problems as follows questionswere asked to the respondents to know the problems and the respondent expressed their problems as 91(35%) respondent faced lack of skills using IT.72(27.70%) respondent were faced problems lack of trained staff, 70 (26.92 %) respondent were unfamiliarity with search methods followed by 27(10.38%) difficulty in finding relevant books and journals.

Findings and Suggestions: Findings: The major findings of the study are: Majority of the students are aware about N-LIST program.Majority of students are using N-LIST program for conferences and seminars, for project work and to prepare forexaminations respectively. It is clear that students are aware about N-LIST program by the orientation conducted by library than other.Most of the students are satisfied with internet and Wi-Fi facility. The following suggestions are made to increase the awareness among the users in the colleges and make them educate in using the e-resources: 1. Help must be provided to find relevant books and journals like search methods demo

arrangement must be made by library. 2. To learn the ICT skills the training should be provided to the users. 3. It is suggested that the user need to provide books and journals in regional language. 4. To build and support their career they need information update on related topic. 5. They also need some more recreational books soit is suggested to add same. 6. To attract more user to use scholarly content it should be made compulsory for teachers and

students of possible some grade points should be given. 7. Books and journals from Arts and humanities should be made available. 8. Printing facility should be made available for the post graduate students.






Conclusion: The growth of higher education has brought rapid changes in communication technology.

And greater demand for rapid actual and easily accessible information providers of such information have multiplied and diversified from traditional media to e-media and Internet. INFLIBNET (N-LIST) provides e –resources through the consortia most of them are foreign journals carrying research publications for the students and teachers across the country today it may be difficult to purchase the books and journals for colleges from well reputed publishers as college libraries budgets are shrieked and prices of publication are hiked therefore initiatives taken by INFLIBNET Centre will be immense help to college libraries and library professionals to serve their user community effectively and efficiently.

Implication of Study: The results of the presents study will be useful for those who are concerned with

designing and providing the e-resources and who are planning and modifying and improving it. Librarian will be effectively manage their e-resource and useful for every learning resource center to look in to their own e-content or finding and adding the student of library science researcher.

Reference: 1. Gautam J.N.(2016). Marching towards Excellence in education: Librarian‘

Horizons.University News, 54 (21). 3. 2. Singh Gurudev and AroraTaruna. (2010).Use of e-resources in College libraries of Delhi

Library Herald .48(4).363-375. 3. SundararajanN.andGopal V.B.(2016). ―Digitization of Higher education in India: Making

the dream a reality. University news.45(15) 6-18 4. Pommi.S. Kayalvizhi.K. Mala.D. and Kanagasundari.S.() Resource Sharing Through N-

LIST: A Case Study. Proceedings of the national Conference. 5. Velmurgan V. and Amudha G.(2015).Use of ICT based resources and services among the

users of Arts Science Colleges in Viruddunagar District: a Study. Library Herald 53(2),121-141.

6. http//:www.unipune.ac.in 7. http://nlist.inflibnet.ac.in/.

http://nlist.inflibnet.ac.in/






Cloud Computing in Libraries

Sanjay Yadav, Librarian

Late Chhaganlal Muljibhai Kadhi Kala Mahavidyalaya, Achalpur Camp-444805 [email protected], 7028184777

Abstract :

This paper presents an overview of cloud computing. Cloud computing helps the integration of organizations or libraries in an easy manner. Cloud computing offers user centered multilevel services. These days most of the Libraries are moving towards cloud computing technology for maintaining digital libraries, and social networking with multiple flexibilities. Various characteristics, benefits, service models, types of cloud storage, need & usage of cloud computing are discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Cloud Computing, web technology

Introduction Cloud Computing is a web based technology, which is a new form of computing. It is a

service provided on the internet or network. It is a server based service, which is very helpful in modern times. Cloud computing requires remote server as well as internet to maintain and organize data and applications. In cloud computing so many computers are connected with a server. The applications are installed in a remote server and all the computers connected to that server location can use all these applications. There is no need to install every application in a single computer. It is one of the most important in the 21st century that offers infrastructure, platform and software as a service and is receiving a great deal of attention among individuals, corporations and Governments. Cloud computing is a conjunction of technologies and tendencies that are making infrastructures and applications more dynamic, more flexible and replaceable. Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing, customer relationship management (CRM) all are tracked in one cloud. Cloud computing is a combination of technology with trends that makes infrastructures and applications more dynamic, flexible and usable. Applications such as e-mail, online banking, web conferencing, customer relationship management (CRM) all are tracked in cloud.

It is also helpful in libraries to maintain the record data, private and delicate data. Cloud computing helps libraries by showing their presence on the web. Libraries are adopting this technology for electronic journal access, hosting digital libraries, tracking of statistical data and also integrating library hosting too.

Definition : According to Douglas Gourlay "People are coming to grips with Virtualization and how

it reshapes IT, creates service and software based models, and in many ways changes a lot of the physical layer we are used to. Clouds will be the next transformation over the next several years, building off of the software models that virtualization enabled.‖ Another Author Praising Gaw said about cloud computing is ―The way I understand it, ―cloud

computing‖ refers to the bigger picture, basically the broad concept of using the internet to allow







people to access technology-enabled services. According to Gartner, those services must be 'massively scalable' to qualify as true 'cloud computing'. In cloud computing shared resources, software, and information are provided to remote clients over a network. Cloud computing is a service, wherein Cloud resources are dynamically allocated to multiple users as per demand. The word ―cloud‖ was used for the Internet, Like

telephony schematics a cloud-like shape was used to denote a network, which was later used to show the Internet in network diagrams. Traditionally organizations were used to buy the dedicated hardware and use it, which was termed as CAPEX (Capital expenditures) model, but with the evolution of cloud computing organization are moving away to the OPEX (operating expenditure) model.

Essentials Characteristics of Cloud Computing : There are some essentials characteristics of cloud computing are as follows:

On-demand competences: An organization will secure cloud-hosting services through a cloud host provider which

could be user‘s usual software vendor. Organizations have access to user services and users have

the power to modification cloud services through an online control panel or directly with the provider. According to Gartner Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft, Google, IBM and Salesforce.com are the Cloud service providers that provide on demand self-services. AWS (NIST) is being used by New York Times and NASDAQ Broad network access:

Cloud Capabilities can be accessed through standard devices such as mobile phones, laptops and PDAs. These devices can be used from any location through a simple online access point. This flexibility is vital for business as employees can keep an eye on their projects, contracts and customers 24 X 7 even when they are on the move or in the office. Resource pooling:

Resource pooling helps a user to use the resources from anywhere at any time. Multiple users can use this facility at a time. This system is most helpful in multilevel national companies, where work is divided in broad categories. And so many departments are involved to do the work. Resource pooling leads to economy in carrying out work. Rapid elasticity: It is based on our needs. Anytime we can add or remove any type of software. Elasticity is the best option in cloud computing. Measured service:

This service is also very helpful to run an organization. In cloud service this facility shows the measurement of utilization of resources. It has the metering capability which enables to control and optimize resource use. This helps to charge as per usage. According to this measurement one can choose that whether this software is worth or not. One can plan accordingly and can charge from users according to the usage, just like electricity department sell electricity and charge per unit and mobile companies charge for per call or pulse. This type of service provides transparency as both the user and service provider can check and control the use of resources. Benefits of Cloud Computing:

Access to data over the Internet has become easier in modern times with the rise in availability of web-enabled devices like smartphones, tablets, laptops, etc. The benefits of shifting an organization or library to the cloud are as follows:






File sharing is first and foremost benefit of cloud computing with fast accessing. A user can save large files too. Multiple types of files such as photos, videos, presentations, documents can be stored. Back-up facility is also provided by cloud computing.

It helps to reduce the cost to manage and maintain IT system for running an organization or Library. Libraries can use cloud resources of service providers instead of spending funds for procuring costly systems and equipment.

Collaboration of projects can also be done, which is cost effective as compared to purchasing software and hardware. • When connected to the Internet users can access the stored files from any other device. There is

no need of large internal storage system. • It is compatible with most computers and operating systems.

Service models: The following service models are available in the cloud computing technology: SAAS

Software as a Service (SAAS) is a cloud service providing remote access to software and its functions. Software is hosted remotely Users are not required-to purchase additional hardware. Organizations are not required to handle the installation, set-up and often daily upkeep and maintenance. SAAS is often referred to as software-on-demand and it can be termed as using it on rent rather than purchasing it. With traditional software applications, it is required to purchase the software package and install it on the computer before being able to use it. The software is used to store, back-up and transfer the data There is widespread usage of SAAS because there are usually no starting costs involved. Organizations need to pay only for the amount of storage space utilized. SAAS may also be called hosted storage. Examples of SAAS are: Google, Twitter, Facebook, Flicker etc. Benefits: No additional hardware costs, pay for what you use, Automated Updates, Accessible from any location PAAS

Platform-as-a-Service (PAAS) can be defined as a computing platform in which web applications can be created quickly and easily without the need of purchasing and maintaining the software and infrastructure required for it. In this hardware, operating systems, storage and network capacity are hired over the Internet. In PAAS, the virtualized servers and associated services are rented by the customers to run the existing applications or to develop and test new applications. It is a software distribution model in which hosted software applications are made available to customers over the Internet. With PAAS, it becomes feasible to change and upgrade the operating system features frequently. Benefits: Don‘t have to invest in physical infrastructure, Teams in various locations can work

together, Security, Adaptability IAAS

In Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS) cloud computing infrastructure servers, storage, network and operating systems are delivered as an on demand service. In IAAS, the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. are outsourced by organizations. The equipment is owned by the service provider and the






responsible for housing, running and maintaining it also lies with the service provider. The client typically pays on a per-use basis. Benefits: On-demand self-service, Broad network access, Measured Service

Types of Cloud Storage : Public cloud storage

In public cloud storage, data is stored in data center maintained by a separate service provider outside the enterprise. The enterprises backup their data in public cloud storage and gets freedom from maintaining hardware and software resources needed for storage of data. Live data generated by applications running on an enterprise‟s premises can also be stored in public cloud storage. Personal cloud storage

In personal cloud storage, data of an individual is stored in the cloud and this data can be accessed from anywhere. It is subset of public cloud storage. It is also called mobile cloud storage as in this type of cloud storage the stored data is synchronized and shared across multiple devices like tablet computers and mobile phones. Private cloud storage

In private cloud storage, the infrastructure in the organization‟s data center is typically managed by the storage provider. Private cloud storage helps in maintaining security and performance concerns while providing the benefits of cloud storage. Hybrid cloud storage

Hybrid cloud storage is a mixture of public and private cloud storage, In this storage the critical data is stored in the enterprise's private cloud while other data is stored a public cloud storage provider. Need of Cloud Computing in Libraries

In modern libraries cloud computing is being popularized. These days there are so many libraries, which are automated. Computer technology is required for running the libraries. Different software‟s are being used by libraries for automation. All these software‟s are being run by a license, which libraries need to purchase from a vendor. It is very costly and no organization can purchase it separately for so many computers. To solve this problem cloud computing helps a lot. There are so many incidents when hardware fails of a computer system. All the data lose from the computer which is very harmful. It becomes very tedious to solve this problem.

All the softwares are stored in a remotely located server and other computers are connected to that. Cloud computing services such as acquisitions, cataloguing, process system, digital contents and provision for inclusion of cutting edge technologies used in libraries and also supports various standards such as MARC21, XML, Z39.50, Unicode and so on which directly related to library and information science area.

Conclusion Cloud computing builds on decades of research in visualization, distributed computing,

utility computing, more recently networking and web software services. It implies a service oriented architecture, reduced information technology overhead for the end user, great flexibility, reduced total cost of ownership, on demand services and many other things.






The cooperative effect of libraries using same shared hardware, services and data rather than hosting hardware and software on behalf of individual libraries can result in lowering the total costs of managing library collections and exchanging the both library users experience and library staff workflows. Cloud computing can make libraries greener by sharing computing power thus reducing carbon footprints. It can also create a powerful, unified presence for libraries on the web and give users a local, group and global reach. Cloud computing is not a new technology but a new form of computing. Libraries are on the path to apply cloud based applications in order to enhance their services very effectively and efficiently. References:

1. P. Mell, P. Grance, "The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing: Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology", 2012, [online] Available: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf.

2. Y. Wong, "Utilizing Cloud Computing in the Public Sector", 2012, [online] Available: http://lindawong.myefolio.com/Uploads/Utilizing%20Cloud%20Computing%20in%20the%20Public%20Sector.pdf.

3. Kaushik, A. Kumar, "Application of Cloud Computing in Libraries", International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 270-273, 2013.

4. N. Gosavi, S. S. Shinde, B. Dhakulkar, "Use of Cloud Computing isn Library And Information Science Field", International Journal of Digital Library Services, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 51-106, 2012.

5. S. P. Singh, R. S. R. Veralakshmi, "Cloud Computing: A Promising Economic Model for Library and Information Centers", DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 526-532, 2012.

6. P. Y. Thomas, "Cloud computing: A potential paradigm for practicing the scholarship of teaching and learning", The Electronic Library, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 214-24, 2011.

7. Cloud computing Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, 2014, [online] Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing.

http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf

http://lindawong.myefolio.com/Uploads/Utilizing%20Cloud%20Computing%20in%20the%20Public%20Sector.pdf

http://lindawong.myefolio.com/Uploads/Utilizing%20Cloud%20Computing%20in%20the%20Public%20Sector.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing






Overview of Plagiarism Checkers and Plagiarism Detection Tools: A Study

Dr. Sudhir S. Patil Librarian

SSBT`s College of Engineering & Technology, Bambhori, Jalgaon

Dr. Hemant Yeole Assistant Librarian

JDMVP`s Nutan Maratha College, Jalgaon Abstract:-

Research is an original and systematic investigation undertaken to discover new facts and Information about a phenomenon. This paper is discussed about the plagiarism, Plagiarism Cheker and Plagiarism detection tools from check research work through software like, Turnitin, Ithenticate, Plagiarism Checker, Viper, Duplichecker, Copyleaks, Paperrater, Plagium, Plagiarism, Plagscan etc. The present study has use different plagiarism detection tools and checker[2].

Keywords: Plagiarism, Plagiarism checker, Plagiarism detection tools,

Introduction ―Plagiarism, the act of taking the writings of another person and passing them off as

one‘s own. The fraudulence is closely related to forgery and piracy-practices generally in violation of copyright laws.‖Encyclopedia Britannica [27].

Plagiarism can be considered as one of the electronic crimes, like (computer hacking, computer viruses, spamming, phishing, copyrights violation and others crimes). Plagiarism defined as the act of taking or attempting to take or to use(whole or parts) of another person‘s

works, without referencing or citation him as the owner of this work. It may include direct copy and paste, modification or changing some words of the original information from the internet books, magazine, newspaper, research, journal, personal information or ideas [28].

What is Plagiarism and PlagiarismChecker? According to the Merriam-Webster OnLine Dictionary, to ―plagiarize‖ means 1)to steal

and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own 2)to use (another's production) without crediting the source 3)to commit literary theft 4)to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source.

"Technology has been both a miracle and a curse in terms of plagiarism. No doubt, it has become easier to find the required information and copy it. Since people often do that without attribution, it has also become easier to identify and deal with plagiarism."

With free plagiarism checker tools that can search billions of documents, and find matches even if they are only a few words in length, finding plagiarism has become as easy as detecting information in Google. It is now only a matter of merely processing your query and giving you the results.

"Plagiarism definition is actually straightforward. When you use someone else‘s work

without crediting them, it is seen as stealing their intellectual property. Just like theft, the penalties for plagiarized work are also severe all over the world. The real problem is that most people are not even aware of what they are doing."






With our plagiarism detector, we strive to spread awareness of plagiarism while letting people know how they can prevent it. You can find countless real-life examples of plagiarism to help you identify it in future.

Our plagiarism tool is a perfect platform to check paper for plagiarism, in order to verify the integrity of its written content. Our article, paper or essay plagiarism checker is trusted by millions of people all over world, who use it daily as a part of their studies or work [1].

Why Plagiarism Detection is Important In some of the academic enterprises like universities, schools and institutions, plagiarism

detection and prevention became one of the educational challenges, because most of the students or researchers are cheating when they do the as-signed tasks and projects. This is because a lot of resources can be found on the internet. It is so easy to them to use one of the search engines to search for any topic and to cheat from it without citing the owner of the document. So it is better and must all academic fields they should have to use plagiarism detection soft-wares to stop or to eliminate students cheating, copying and modifying documents when they know that they will be found [28].

What are the plagiarism detection tools:- Plagiarism Detection Tools in the past two decade, several plagiarism detection tools

have been developed. Some of these tools are discussed in brief, next. Also, we have analyzed their pros and cons, and reported in a tabular form in Table 2We reported the classification of tools in Figure 4 Grammarly Online Plagiarism Checker:

This is by far the best online Plagiarism checker tool which you can use. Grammarly is a well-known tool among writers and also who need to quickly check if article is original or copied from other places.

If you are a professor and need to check if the research paper is original or copied from multiple sources online, this tool is perfect for you. See in the above screenshot, how easy it is to use the plagiarism feature of Grammarly. This is a multi-feature tool for webmasters to check the originality of the content, check Grammar, Check the spelling of the article. I have been using it for a while, and highly recommend it to you. Unicheck:-

If you are looking for a solid paid option then Unicheck could be the right tool for you. The interface is sleek and it checks the pages really fast. This is a perfect tool for corporates and professors who don‘t mind paying a little for higher accuracy. SafeAssignment [5]:

This anti-plagiarism checker claims to search an index of 8 billion documents available in the Web. It uses some major scholastic databases like ProQuest™, FindArticles™ and Paper

Mills during searching and detection process. Safe Assignment maintains a database where user account is essential to keep fingerprints of the submitted documents in order to avoid any legal or copy right problem. This tool uses proprietary searching and ranking algorithms for match detection of fingerprints with its resources. The results of plagiarism detection is presented to the user within couple of minutes.

https://www.shoutmeloud.com/grammarly-review.html






Docol©c[5]: This Web based service uses capabilities like searching and ranking of Google API. The

submitted document is uploaded to a server and evaluation is done in the server side. The software provides a simple console to set fingerprint (search fragments) size, date constraints, filtering and other report related options. The evaluation result is sent to the user through email identifying plagiarized sections and sources of plagiarism. This is totally Google API dependent and so it may be unavailable at any point of time. Urkund [5]:

This is another Web based service which carry out plagiarism detection in server side. This is an integrated and automated solution for plagiarism detection. This is a paid service which uses standard email system for document submission and for viewing results. This system claims to process 300 different types of document submissions and it searches through all available online sources. It gives more priority to educational sources of documents more during searching. Copycatch [5]:

This is a client-based tool which utilizes the local database of documents during comparison. It offers ‗gold‘ and ‗campus versions‘, providing comparison capabilities against

large repository of local resources. It has another Web version which utilizes the capabilities of Google API for plagiarism detection across the Internet. To use the Web version, user needs personal Google API license through signup. WCopyfind[5]:

It is an open source plagiarism detection tool for detection of words or phrases of defined length within a local repository of documents. Its extended version has the capabilities of searching across the Internet using Google API to check plagiarism online. Eve2

(Essay Verification Engine [5][7] :This system is installed in user's computer and it checks plagiarism of a document against Internet sources. It does not contact any online database. It accepts text in several formats but internally converts the input file into text for processing. It presents the user with a report identifying matches found in the Web. GPSP –

Glatt Plagiarism Screening Program [5]:This system uses different approaches unlike other mentioned services. It finds and uses the writing style of the author(s) to detect plagiarism. This service works locally and it asks the author to go through a test by filling the blank spaces. The number of correctly filled spaces and time taken to complete the test are used to make a hypothesis about plagiarism. This system is basically developed for teachers and it cannot detect source code plagiarism. MOSS –

a Measure of Software Similarity [8]:This system is used to detect source code plagiarism. This service takes batches of documents as input and attempts to present a set of HTML pages to specify the sections of a pair of documents where matches detected. The tool specializes in detecting plagiarism in C, C++, Java, Pascal, Ada, ML, Lisp, or Scheme programs. JPlag [9][5]:

It is a Web based source code plagiarism detection tool started in 1997. The tool accepts a set of programs as input to be compared and to present a report identifying matches. JPlag






carry out programming language syntax and structure aware analysis to find results. It can detect plagiarism in Java, C and C++ programs. The execution time of this service is less than one minute for submissions of 100 programs of several hundred lines each. Copyscape [10]:

This system takes URL as input and search for copies of a Web page in the Internet. Copyscape helps to find sites that have copied from someone's Web page content without permission. It has both free and premium version and it pushes the free users to buy their premium by limiting the search features. DOC Cop [11]:

This plagiarism detection system creates report displaying the correlation and matches between documents or between documents and the Web. It is free plagiarism detection system. Ephorus [8]:

To access this tool, user is to register with the Ephorus site. Hence, no downloads or installation is needed. The search engine compares a text document to millions of others on the Web and reports back with an originality report [12]. This tool can be freely tried but license needs to be purchased. It is well known in many European universities and organization. ithenticate [13][8]:

This is a successful Web based plagiarism detection tool for any text document. This tool is not required to install in client computer. This application compares input documents against the document sources available on the Web. This well-known tool is used by most well-known journal publishers. It is a easy to use, quick plagiarism checker for professionals. It is designed to be used by institutions rather than personal, but lastly they provided a limit service for single plagiarism detection user like master and doctoral students and this allows them to check a single document of up to 25,000 words. Plagiarism Detect [8]:

To use this tool, user needs to register by providing correct information. After registration, users are allowed to input text in a given text box oras a file by uploading for analysis. This is a free service which finally sends evaluation report to the user's email account with a list of links from where information are copied. It also specifies amount of plagiarism (in \%) detected. User needs to download and install the software in order to use it. ExactusLike [14]:

This plagiarism detection system is not able to find simple copy-paste plagiarism but also can detect moderately disguised borrowing (word/phrase reordering, substitution of some words with synonyms [14]. To do this, the system leverages deep parsing techniques. This Web based tool supports most of the popular file formats such as Adobe PDF, Microsoft Word, RTF, ODT and HTML. Currently Exact us Like includes about 8.5 million indexed documents. Internally this tool is basically a distributed system and a demo version of this tool is available online. DupliChecker [15]:

It is a free online plagiarism checker. This tool can be accessed by unregistered user only once, but registered user can check for plagiarism for 50 times in a day. The input file must contain more than 1000 words per similarity search. User can check content's originality by number of ways such as via copy paste, uploading file or by submitting URL.






Plagiarisma [16]: It is free and simple plagiarism checking tool. This software supports 190+ languages and

it does not store any scanned content. The input file can be provided in three ways (1) Copy paste (2) Check by entering URL and (3) Uploading file. However, the tool lacks of advanced features so it cannot be relied for heavy scanning works. PlagiarismChecker [10]:

It was first available in early 2006. This freely available online service uses Google or Yahoo service to check whether documents submitted by studentsarecopied from Internet material or not. It simply encloses each phrase in quotation marks and inserts an OR between each phrase during checking. Plagium [17][6]:

This simple plagiarism detection tool, is effective in comparison to many of its counterpart, both in terms of results and algorithm. Though Plagium can be used free to some extent using quick search, their paid version has added benefits such as timeline feature and alert feature which pops up whenever someone's content is plagiarised. This tool has flexibility in pricing option like we can buy search credit either as prepaid plans or monthly plans. This tool allows user to check for plagiarism upto 5000 words without signing up. PlagTracker [18]:

It is a popular plagiarism checker for students, teachers, publishers and Website owners. It has a large database of academic publications in million and provides detail report of the scanned work. If someone wants to check assignments in bulk, it requires to subscribe monthly. This tool found useful to ensure whether a test document is plagiarized or not. Quetext [19]:

It uses Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning to detect plagiarism. It performs first internal plagiarism checking and then it goes for external checking. This free tool uses every possible factor for each word to detect plagiarism. It provides support to multiple languages and one can search for unlimited words. To check plagiarism with this tool, one needs just plain copy paste of the text document. The main disadvantage of this tool is that it does not provide detail report. Also it is not user friendly. Turnitin [8][20]:

This an another successful Web based tool provided by iParadigms. The user is needed to upload test document to the system database for plagiarism check thesystem creates a fingerprint of the document and stores it. In this tool, detection and report generation is carried out remotely. Turnitin is already accepted by 15,000 Institutions and 30 Million Students due to easy to use interface, support of large repository, detailed text plagiarism check and well organized report generation. It can be considered as one of the best plagiarism checkers for teachers. Viper [6]:

This free plagiarism scanner scans the submitted documents against 10 billion sources and documents present in a computer. It gives peace of mind regarding any accidental plagiarism. This tool offers unlimited resubmitting of documents and it provides links to plagiarised work in the reports. Maulik [21]:

Maulik detects plagiarism in Hindi documents. It divides the text into n-grams and then matches with the text present in the repository as well as with documents present online. It uses






Cosine similarity for finding the similarity score. Maulik is capable of finding plagiarism if root of a word is used or a word is replaced by its synonyms. Thistool is superior than existing. Hindi plagiarism detection tools such as Plagiarism checker, Plagiarism finder, Plagiarisma, Dupli checker, and Quetext. PlagiarismScanner [6]:

This is a fast and effective plagiarism detection tool for students, instructors, publishers, bloggers since 2008. It is a user-friendly online tool. This tool conducts through an in-detail detection for plagiarism of a submitted document within a few minute only. This tool runs against all Internet resources, including Websites, digital databases, and online libraries (such as Questia, ProQuest, etc). It generates a full report, indicating the overall originality rating and the percentage of plagiarized materials in the submitted text. It also provides customeran opportunity to share plagiarism reports with other people by simply giving them the link, generated by this tool. HawkEye [22]:

It is an innovative plagiarism detection system. This uses mobile scanner OCR(Optical Character Recognition) engine into convert image to text and that text it uses as input. The OCR Engine preprocess the clicked image in order to remove noise and disturbance from it and extract relevant keywords from image. The system uses plagiarism detection algorithms to remove unnecessary details like comments and changing variables names. or It uses string matching to detect plagiarism. It considers many limitations of existing well known plagiarism detection tools like Moss, JPlag, and Turnitin. CodeMatch [6]:

Code Match compares source code and executable to detect plagiarism. It is developed by SAFE(Software Analysis and Forensic Engineering). It has also some additional functionality, which allowsfinding open source code within proprietary code, determiningcommon authorship of two different programs, or discovering common, standard algorithms within different programs. It supports almost all existing programming languages. SID-Software Integrity Diagnosis system [23]:

It detects plagiarism between programs by computing the shared information. It uses a metric in measuring the amount of shared information between two computer programs, to enable plagiarism detection and the metric is approximated by a heuristic compression algorithm. SID works in two phases. In the first phase, source programs are parsed to generate token sequences by a standard lexical analyser. In the second phase, Token Compress Figure 4: Classification of Plagiarism Detection Tools. Algorithm is used to compute heuristically the shared information metric d(x; y) between each program pair within the submitted corpus. Finally, all the program pairs are ranked by their similarity distances. SIM [24]:

This tool is to measure similarity between two C programs. It is useful for detection of plagiarism among a large set of homework programs. This tool is robust to common modifications such as name changes, reordering of statements and functions, and adding/removing comments and white spaces. YAP3[25]:

YAP is a system for detecting suspected plagiarism in computer program and other text submitted by the students. YAP3 is the third version of YAP which works in two phases. In the






first phase, the source text is processed to generate token sequence. In second phase, each token is (non-redundantly) compared against all others strings. PlagScan [26]:

PlagScan has separate packages for schools, universities and companies. To use this we need a paid account to open. It is not a free service but if someone doesnot like the service, membership cancellation is possible and money will be refunded.

Conclusion:- In this paper we discuss near about 33 plagiarism detection tools and plagiarism checker

software mostly useful in the information era. Information technology, computers are the most important discovery of the 20th century, and with the discovery of internet it became more powerful. Now many things we got online. They are easy to use, anybody can click the button and get the relevant information, but with the advantage of ICT there are some disadvantage also, anybody can use these online information to their documents. To check all this literature theft plagiarism detection software is must for every institutions and Universities.

1. https://smallseotools.com/plagiarism-checker/ 2. Anil Kumar Jharotia, PLAGIARISM DETECTION THROUGH SOFTWARE IN

DIGITAL WORLD, Sent for JK Business School, Conference-30/03/2018https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324151303_PLAGIARISM_DETECTION_THROUGH_SOFTWARE_IN_DIGITAL_WORLD

3. https://www.shoutmeloud.com/top-10-tools-to-check-for-content-theft.html 4. Hussain A Chowdhury and Dhruba K Bhattacharyya, Plagiarism: Taxonomy, Tools and

Detection Techniques, Dept. of CSE, Tezpur University. 5. H. A. Maurer, F. Kappe, B. Zaka, Plagiarism-a survey., J. UCS 12 (8)(2006) 1050-1084. 6. R. R. Naik, M. B. Landge, C. N. Mahender, A review on plagiarism detection tools,

International Journal of Computer Applications 125 (11). 7. D. Atkinson, S. Yeoh, Student and perceptions of the effectiveness of plagiarism

detection software, Australasian Journal of Educational Technology24 (2) (2008) 222-240.

8. R. A. Ahmed, Overview of different plagiarism detection tools. 9. L. Prechelt, G. Malpohl, M. Philippsen, Finding plagiarisms among a set of programs

with jplag, J. UCS 8 (11) (2002) 1016. 10. Scaife, Plagiarism detection software report, NCC Group. 11. E. A. Ochroch, Review of plagiarism detection freeware, Anesthesia & Analgesia112 (3)

(2011) 742--743. 12. U. Garg, Plagiarism and detection tools: An overview, Research Cell: An International

Journal of Engineering Sciences 2 (2011) 92--97. 13. .http://w ww.ithenticate.com/, ithenticate.

Sochenkov, D. Zubarev, I. Tikhomirov, I. Smirnov, A. Shelmanov, R. Suvorov,G. Osipov, Exactus like: Plagiarism detection in scientific texts, in:European Conference on Information Retrieval, Springer, 2016, pp. 837--840.

14. http://www.duplichecker.com/, Duplichecker. 15. http://plagiarisma.net/, Plagiarisma.

https://smallseotools.com/plagiarism-checker/






16. .http://www.plagium.com/en/plagiarismchecker, Plagiarismchecker. 17. http://www.plagtracker.com/, Plagtracker. 18. .http://www.quetext.com/, Quetext.

A. H. Osman, N. Salim, M. S. Binwahlan, Plagiarism detection using graph based representation, arXiv preprint arXiv:1004.4449.

19. U. Garg, V. Goyal, Maulik: A plagiarism detection tool for hindi documents, Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9 (12).

20. P. Mulay, K.Puri, Hawk eye: Intelligent analysis of socio inspired cohortsfor plagiarism, in: Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications,Springer, 2016, pp. 29--42.

21. X. Chen, B. Francia, M. Li, B. Mckinnon, A. Seker, Shared information andprogram plagiarism detection, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory50 (7) (2004) 1545-1551.

22. Gitchell, N. Tran, Sim: a utility for detecting similarity in computer programs, in: ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Vol. 31, ACM, 1999, pp. 266--270.

23. M. J. Wise, Yap3: Improved detection of similarities in computer program and other texts, ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 28 (1) (1996) 130--134.

24. http://www.plagscan.com/, Plagscan. 25. EncyclopediaBritannica,http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/462640/plagiarism(

last access February 7, 2011) 26. Asim M. El

Overview and Comparison of Plagiarism Detection Tools, 161-172






Emerging Trends and Technologies in Library and Information Science Domain

Dr. Deepali C. Gaikwad

Assistant Librarian, Sau. Vasudhatai Deshmukh College of Food Technology,

Pala, Amravati. E-mail : - [email protected]

Abstract : This study provides brief description of emerging trends and technologies taking place in library and Information science domain.

Introduction: Due to emergence of internet and technologies, library services, library and information science education, information seeking behaviours of the users, Information sources, information products and so on, are changing in drastic and dramatic way in which, on the one hand, information services, sources are transforming from printed or physical form to electronic form or online form. On the other hand, library and information science professionals are using online information for various purposes and emerging trends and technologies are regularly adopting in libraries and library and information science profession/ education. Besides this, library and information science professionals are not only getting familiar with emerging trends and technologies extensively by participating in workshops, conferences, doing research and participating in training programs but also developing good collection on the emerging trends and technologies in printed form as well as in electronic form emerging trends and technologies are playing imperative role in order to enhance services, resources, environments, modes of seeking information and so on. Thus, library and information science professionals are using emerging trends and technologies for many reasons in library and information science domain.

Emerging trends and Technologies in Library and Information science domain The following selected emerging trends and technologies were included in this study and briefly described as under:

(1) Open Access sources (2) From web 1.0 to web 3.0 (3) Cloud computing

Open Access Sources Through, open access movement came into existence in 1960s but adequate development

was noted in 1990s when new internet and information communication technologies were emerged and several open access initiatives took place.

Open source software are being used widely for developing digital libraries, institution repositories (IR), library automation, managing contents etc. Open source software (OSS) can be referred to software system that are free to use and whose source code is fully accessible to anyone who is interested. Open source software (OSS) is gaining popularity in the library






profession nowadays and emerged as an alternative model of and revolutionized the software development. Web 1.0

Web 1.0 is the first generation of web and was created in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee, The web 1.0 was first implementation of the web from 1989 to 2005. It was defined as web of information connections or a web of cognition. Web 1.0 was consider as read only web with very little interaction where consumer can exchange the information together but it was not possible to interact with the website. Web 1.0 is considered as first version of the World Wide Web which have the characteristics such as static web pages and use basic HTML, read only content, do not support mass-publishing, handled by a webmaster who manually assigns all the hyperlinks to the content of the web page, understood by web readers such as HTML, HTTP. Web 2.0

Web 2.0 is the second generation of web. Web 2.0 is considered as read- write web. Web 2.0 facilitates participatory, Collaborative and distributed practices which enable format and non-format spheres of daily activities. Web 2.0 is a web as a platform where users can leave many of the contrast they have use in web 2.0 wherein the user of web 2.0 has more interaction and collaboration. Web 2.0 is not only a new version of web 1.0, but also flexible web design, creative reuse, updates, collaborative content creation and modification were facilitated through web 2.0 one of the outstand feature of the web 2.0 is to support collaboration, interaction, active participation. Web 2.0 includes social network such as MySpace, Face book, Twitter, Orkut, Media sharing such as you tube, slide share and flicker etc. Web 3.0

The web 3.0 coined by John Markoff of the New York. Times in 2006, refers to a supposed third generation of Internet-based services that collectively comprise what might be called, ‗the Intelligent web‘- such as those using semantic web, micro formats, natural language search, data-mining, machine learning, recommendation agents and artificial intelligence technologies- which emphasize machine- facilitated understanding of information in order to provide a more productive and intuitive user experience. Web 3.0 is a web where the concept of website or webpage disappears, where date is not owned but instead shared, where services show different various of the same web/the same data. Those services have to be focused on content and personalization, and both will be reached by using vertical search.

The main difference between web 1.0, Web 2.0 and web 3.0 is that web 1.0 is consider as read-only web targets on content creativity of producer web 2.0 targets on content creativity of users and producers while web 3.0 targets on linked data sets.

Cloud Computing Nowadays, cloud computing was emerged as one of the most popular virtual technology

to deliver the services in effective manner. Cloud computing technology is offering great advantage to library and information science professionals to connect their services not only promptly but also in new formats with the flexibilities. Through the usages of cloud computing may vary from the libraries, library and information science school or institution as per their nature, services and information needs but common usages of cloud computing with in library and information science domain are to be development of digital libraries, corporate cataloging, acquisition, storages and resource sharing.






Role of library and Information Science Professionals in present scenario Role of library and information science professionals is become very critical and

challenging because new trends and technologies are evolving in the dramatic ways and rapidly too. Resultant, library and information science professionals are getting familiar with emerging trends and technologies and testing potentials of emerging technologies prior to use them in their library and information science profession and adopting only those trends and technologies which have been established and found useful and suitable in providing significance support in enhancing the library services, education, learning environments etc. to them. It is often notice that library and information science professionals are not used fully some emerging trends and technologies in to their library and information science profession due to many reasons such as lack of infrastructure, lack of enough budget, lack of technical skills, fear to fail in running successful technology and so on. LIS professionals should understand the all aspects of emerging trends and technologies and become well verse towards adopting and using emerging trends and technologies with full modes in order to enhance their services, courses, education etc. as per requirements, information and demands.

It is also suggested that library and information science professionals should develop library and information science forum at local, national and international levels in connection to help each-others, resolving problems, knowing about emerging trends and technologies and to uplift the standard of library and information science professionals at global level.

Conclusion Emerging trends and technologies provide great opportunities and challenges before

library and information science professionals in connection to adopt and use these trends and technologies in library. Therefore, it is prime responsibility of library and information science professionals should look for possible way to use emerging trends and technologies effectively in library and information science domain. Library and information science professionals should keep close eyes on various trends and technologies taking place in library and information science domain and other domain.

References

1. Moreison,(H.)Open access. In Scholarly Communication for Librarians. Oxford: Chandos Publishing, 2009:103-134.

2. Howthorne, D.(2008). History of Electronic Resources.In H. Yu & S. Breivold (Eds.), Electronic Resource Management in Libraries: Research and Practice, IGI Global,1-15.

3. Open-access Journal Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-access journal (accesed on May 20,2012)

4. Arora, J. (2009). Library 2.0: Innovative Technologies for Building Libraries of Tomorrow, 49-65.

5. Kadyan, Sanjiv and Singroha, Rimpi. ―Web 3.0 in library services: A Utilitarian effect.‖

Journal of information Management 1.2 (2014): 159-166. 10.9.2015 http://www.splp.in&www.pacificresearchpublication.com

6. Kaushik, A & kumar, A (2013)‖ Application of cloud computing in libraries.

International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology,‖ 3(4), 270-273.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-access

http://www.splp.in&www.pacificresearchpublication.com/






Information Literacy Integration in Education System: Role of Academic Libraries In Digital Age

Dr.Shirish M. Deshpande

Librarian, Sipna College of Engineering & Technology, Amravati Email- [email protected]

Abstract Libraries have long been involved in training the users to use the library, it‟s services

and resources. Terms such as library orientation, user education, library instruction, bibliographic instruction have all been used at various times to indicate the process of guiding users how to use the library, how to access information and use various bibliographic tools. These methods are facility specific instructions that is helping users in knowing physical location of different sections, staff, collections and services of the library. Acquiring the information and skills to deal with the information in the digital form is very crucial in today‟s world. An

information literate person can take on the challenges by the digital age. Social networking Web sites is a new technology offering promising new outreach options for academic librarians. They provide a new platform for reaching students beyond the traditional library building.

Key words: Information literacy, Initiatives, Training, Social Networking.

Introduction. Now a days the instructional needs of the library users have changed dramatically due to

the transformation of libraries from traditional to digital form. In this changed scenario, information is being codified in digital forms, new methods for teaching and learning have emerged. The digital environment has created a great challenge for both the library professionals and library users. Acquiring the information and skills to deal with the information in the digital form is very crucial in today‘s world. College campuses have responded by acquiring computer

technology and encouraging computer literacy, especially this environment is seen in engineering colleges. The curricular implications of this information age are that students need to learn new skills such as how and when to use information to solve the problems. These skills includes: Computer Literacy, Technical Literacy, Digital Literacy and Library literacy. These specific skills are included in the broader term Information Literacy.

Concept of Digital Environment. As information is being codified in digital forms, new skills are needed to operate the technology , to search, organize, manage information and use it to solve the problems and create new knowledge products. The internet has transformed the social, economic and educational fabric of our society in the same way that electricity, the automobile, the telephone did in previous generations. This is resulted in digital environment. Through this digital media we now have a framework for teaching information literacy skills. Education is a field that is fast developing as a result of scientific and technological advancement. The growth of digital information have highlighted the need for information related competencies. Thus students needs to be equipped with strong information literacy skills to succeed in their academic and future professional endeavors. In such scenario it is imperative on the part of the librarian to take information literacy initiatives.






Information Literacy Defined. According to ( American Library Association1 , 1989 ), ― Information literacy is the

ability to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate and use effectively the needed information‖. According to Chartered Institute of Library and Information

professionals ( CILIP2, 2014 ), ―Information literacy is knowing when and why you need information, where to find it, and how to evaluate, use and communicate it in an ethical manner. CONUL3, (2004) endorses the ALA definition information literacy and proposed collaborative working partnerships between librarians and institutional teaching staff to support the successful development of students IL skills and knowledge. It recognizes the importance of a disciplinary context for information literacy and the benefits of a curriculum-integrated approach where for example;

1) Students acquire a clearer understanding of the research process. 2) Students produce better assignments and research papers 3) Students use a wide variety of information resources 4) Students evaluate information critically and systematically. 5) Plagiarism can be discussed and addressed more effectively. 6) It contributes to improved student retention.

Need for Information Literacy in Digital Environment. Information is the basic requirement for every human activity and it is important as food, air and water. Information in itself has no value, but its value lies in its communication and use. The need of information literacy may be essential due to the following reasons.

i. Rapid increase in the stream of information due to information revolution; ii. Advent of information and communication technologies; iii. Vast variety of information sources; iv. Changing shape of libraries; v. Wide dispersal of information; vi. Increase in number of users; and vii. Research on complex and interdisciplinary topics.

Requirement for Information Literacy Initiatives. To initiate information literacy programmes in an academic library certain things are

required. According to Arocamary4, K.R. (2012), successful information literacy program needs;

i. User friendly learning environment. ii. Proper IT infrastructure iii. Librarian Faculty co-operation and interaction iv. ICT and IL skilled and subject expert faculty.

Information literacy initiatives for academic libraries. Following ‗information literacy initiatives‘ may be taken in academic libraries for

maximum utilization of library resources to create new knowledge product.

Information Literacy Initiatives: Organization of Information literacy Programme.

Academic libraries may organize information literacy programmes for users by






adopting following methods. i. Lecture/ Demonstration. ii. Library Publication. iii. Instruction Display. iv. Face to face ( One to one ) v. Printed training manuals vi. Intranet/or library web portal vii. Seminars / Workshops

Mode of delivery of information literacy programmes. Academic libraries may apply following mode while delivering the information

literacy Programmes. i. Face to face in library training room ii. Face to face in venue external to the library iii. Web based. iv. Mixture of face to face & online

Instructional materials needed for information literacy programme. Academic libraries should prepare instructional materials for information literacy

programme. The instructional material may be in the form of off line or on line. i. Tutorials or modules ii. Resource help sheets, guides and manuals iii. Web pages and Internet portals

Resources required for Information Literacy training programme Following resources may be considered as an essential requisite for information

literacy training. i. Additional staff to plan or conduct training ii. A separate training room in side the library iii. Education for the staff in how to train? ( train the trainer ) iv. Funding v. Printed training manuals vi. Modern electronic gadgets

Techniques may be used in developing Information Literacy. Following techniques shall be used in information literacy programmes.

i. Interaction as a major components ii. Screen capture iii. Audio and Visual iv. Multimedia

Library based resources are covered in Information Literacy programmes for different category of users

Following library resources should be covered in information literacy training. i. Catalogues / OPAC search ii. Internet resources search iii. e-Journals access






iv. Database access v. Library website

Information Literacy programme to be followed in the library. Information literacy programmes with following themes may be followed in the

library. i. Guidance to cite electronic information. ii. Guidelines for searching effectively different search engines and databases. iii. Interactive tutorials to teach the users. iv. How to evaluate the quality of information. v. Organising expert lectures on Information Literacy. vi Special user education programs on ICT based library resources and services

Inclusion of Computer literacy training in information literacy programme Training on computer literacy skills may be covered in information literacy

programmes as follows. i. Basic computer skills ( Working in windows environment, file management etc.) ii. Software packages ( Power point, Word, Excel, etc. ) iii. Emailing. iv. Introduction to your library Information Communication Technology ( ICT ) based

resources.

Other initiatives. Along with the above mentioned initiatives, the academic libraries may also initiate

following activities which are included in broader term as information literacy. i. Library Tour. ii. Library Orientation. iii. Online database search guide. iv. Online Journals availability and search guide. v. Exposure to Open source. vi. Web searching skills. vii. How to avoid plagiarism? viii. Technical writing guidance ix. Guidance about referencing style x. Know your library-presentation for the fresher. xi. Institutional Repository. xii. Poster Presentation on library services.

Taking the library to Users through Facebook and Blog as an outreach tools Social Networking tools such as Facebook, Blog are popular among students and staff in an academic environment. These tools are impacting on the scholarly and research activities of staff and students. It attracts users to communicate with similar interest people through networking and information in the form of blogging and social networking .It has become evident that our services will need to change to meet the growing needs of our end users. Libraries has an important role to play to support these endeavors using these tools. student outreach attempts using social networking are less likely to be effective if they are not based






upon targeted, well-thought out programs. It is hoped that this initiative will be useful to academic librarians who wish to implement their own Library Blog and facebook outreach activities. According to Tiamiyu, M.A., and Aina6, L.O. ( 2008 ) Social Networking sites are constantly promoting open access to knowledge . Open access is the term used to refer to resources that are openly available to users with no requirements for authentication or payment. It is a model that presents free access to publications. In an open access platform , users are not charged for access to articles or other resources, and are free to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to full texts of these resources, provided they do not violet copyright rules. The feature of social networking allow users to search, browse, filter, find, collaborate and have online open access to knowledge and contribute to web content.

Librarian- Teacher collaboration for successful information literacy initiatives. Collaboration between librarian and teachers is essential to enhance students

learning and research, and help them develop their information competencies thus make them information literate.

Carlson, C. and Brosnahan5, E (2009) suggested strategies for Teacher-Librarian collaboration for guiding students in to information literacy. They are the view that teacher-librarians can instruct students in important information literacy skill collaborating with each other teachers- librarians can suggest ways to improve assignment in order to involve students more critical thinking and less information gathering. The further added as follows

1. Teacher- librarian can guide students in how to extract information from the resources that are available to them in the school library, including print and electronic resources.

2. Teacher-librarian can also help students realize the proper and effective use of the internet.

3. Teacher-librarian can provide path finders on research topics. 4. Teacher-librarians are able to help teachers assess the research part of assessments. 5. Teacher – librarians can suggest possible rubrics to evaluate the research part of the

assignment or they can actually help teachers develop rubrics.

Suggestions. i. To initiate the IL practices, firstly, the librarian and supporting staff must seek

training on information literacy. ii. College should have a separate funding and the other measurable support for an

information literacy activities. iii. Technological infrastructure needs to be implemented to enable better utilization

of the online resources which are subscribed by the library. iv. Information literacy activities should be included in the job description of

librarian and supporting library staff.

Conclusion. Information literacy is gaining momentum. It is found essential to make information literacy programme a regular activity in academic libraries. Library professionals are slowly and steadily acquainting with the technological gadgets and showing interest in guiding the users in the information search and accessing the information through many means. It is advisable to






collaborate with other units and sections such as computer and administrative divisions including teaching. The need of the hour is effective utilisation of information and communication technologies in planning, designing and delivering information literacy programmes. Student outreach attempts using social networking are less likely to be effective if they are not based upon targeted, well-thought out programs. It is hoped that this initiative will be useful to academic librarians who wish to implement their own Library Blog and facebook outreach activities.

References:

1. American Library Association ( 1989 ). Presidential Committee on Information Literacy:FinalReport. Availableat:http://www.ala.org/acrl/publications/whitepapers/presidential [ Accessed 22/08/2014 ].

2. Chartered Institute of library and Information Professionals, ( 2014 ) Chartered Institute of library and Information Professionals. Available at http://www.cilip.org.uk/cilip/advocacy-campaigns-awards/advocacy campaigns/information-literacy/information-literacy [ Accessed 23 August 2014 ].

3. Consortium of National and University Libraries (CONUL), (2004), Information Literacy Policy. Available at: http://www.conul.ie/comittees/documents/CONULILPolicyFinal.doc [Accessed 4 March 2011]

4. Arocamary, J.R. (2012) ‗Emerging Trends and Technologies: Information Literacy Skills

for LIS professionals‘, World Research Journal of Library and Information science, 1 (1), pp. 1-3

5. Carlson, C and Brosnahan, E. (2009). ‗Guiding Students into Information Literacy: Strategies for Teacher and Teacher- Librarians‟, Maryland, THE SCARECROW PRESS INC.

6. Tiamiyu, M.A., & Aina, L.O. ( 2008 ) Information and Knowledge Management in the Digital Age: Concepts, Technologies and African Perspectives. Ibadan: Third World Information Services.

http://www.ala.org/acrl/publications/whitepapers/presidential

http://www.cilip.org.uk/cilip/advocacy-campaigns-awards/advocacy%20campaigns/information-literacy/information-literacy

http://www.cilip.org.uk/cilip/advocacy-campaigns-awards/advocacy%20campaigns/information-literacy/information-literacy

http://www.conul.ie/comittees/documents/CONULILPolicyFinal.doc






The Research Productivity At the „Researchgate’ Score on Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University: An Analysis

Dr Rahul K. Deshmukh1 Mr. Shivraj B. Deshmukh2 Librarian Librarian Hutatma Jayawantrao Patil Mahavidyalaya Indira Gandhi Sr. College Himayatnagar Dist. Nanded (MS), India Cidco Nanded (MS), India [email protected] [email protected] Abstract

The article examines the research contributions of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati in Maharashtra. The data for the study have been extracted from the website of Research Gate.net (www.researchgate.net) for this study during December 2018. It was found that 308 Members in Amravati Universities have been contributed the research contributions made by Research Gate. Further the data were analyzed to find out the Research Gate RG Scores, Members and Publications of SGBAUniversity by Department wise, Members, Publications, Research Gate (RG) Scores, and Top of departments along with their members and various types of documents by top ten departments with publications and authors of SGBAU, University.

Keywords- Research Gate, RG Score

Introduction- Social networking sites like Research Gate (RG) and other are changing the trend of

disseminating research through journals and other scholarly publications and indexing databases, and hence, the statistics provided by such sites may indicate the impact of articles and authors as well as their affiliations. The dissemination of research through social networking sites is a relatively new practice that is gaining popularity throughout the world. Social media releases of research increases the readership of articles, thereby popularizing it quickly (Allen et al., 2013).

Conceptual Analysis Research Gate

Research Gate was founded in 2008 by Ijad Madisch, who aims to transform the way researchers are doing their research (Dolan, 2012). Started in Boston and now based in Berlin, Germany, and backed by several U.S.venture capital firms, Research Gate now has more than +14 million members, with an average of seven researchers signing upper minute (Research Gate, 2018). The success of Research Gate has enabled researchers to disseminate their ideas and share their publications free of charge to facilitate collaboration among researchers from all over the world. Through Research Gate, members‘ can use the platform to maintain their own

publications, ask and answer research-related questions, and follow their researchers to receive their publication updates. (B. Jeyapragash 2018)

Objectives of Study The following are the major objectives of this study. 7. To find out the Research Gate RG Scores, Members and Publications of SGBAU, Amravati 8. To find out the research contributions by top Departments.







9. To analyze the Research Gate (RG) scores by top Members. 10. To investigate the Members by Top Popular members

Scope & Limitation of Study Document types and number of documents in which Research Contributions have been

used hence, the present Study is limited to search results on the Topic of SGBAU, Amravati in research Gate database during December 2018. The result indicates that there were total 308 Members (31 Dec.2018) documents on SGBAU, Amravati Research Contributions in Research Gate during the period.

Methodology The data were extracted from Research Gate website (https://www.researchgate.net)

during December 2018. It was found that 308 Members on SGBAU, Universities of Research Gate in Maharashtra is contributing their research, sharing the information, collaboration and discuss with the subject experts through Research Gate. Further the data was analyzed to find out the Research Gate RG Scores.

Review of Related Literature Deshmukh R.K., Pawar K.P. & Kale V.A (2018) in article ―Research Contributions of

SRTMU, Nanded in Research Gate: An Analysis‖ analysis SRTMU university Research

contribution on researchget research site. Deshmukh R.k & Taksande P.G (2018) in article― Intellectual Productivity Of College

Librarians,1342 over all research productivity college librarian, Solanke, D. S., Deshmukh Rahul K.,(2018),Analyses on the ―Six Sigma‖ Methodological Approaches Tram in Web of Science

database during 2007-2018, Deshmukh, Rahul K., Ghumre, Shivshankar , Bibliometrics Analysis on the Six Sigma Methodological Approaches to Scopus Database During 2007-2015. Term "six sigma" comes from statistics and is used in statistical quality control,the result indicates that there were total 4027 (3 March2018) documents on ―Six Sigma‖ in Scopus during the

period.Deshmukh Rahul K., Taksande Pratibha G.,(2015) Impact of Correlation on Research Productivity, It has 86 college librarian ‟ contributions related to the Karl Pearson's correlation has been shown to have correlation created through MATRIX, in which total productivity, Khiste G.P.,Maske D.B.& Deshmukh R.K.(2018) discusses the ―Knowledge Management‖ as

reflected in Scopus for the period from 2007–2016. The result indicates that there were total 7996 documents on Knowledge Management during 2007 to 2016. At the international front, India‟ contribution to Knowledge Management is 298 documents during 2007 to 2016, which is rank on tenth. Khiste G.P., Maske Dnyaneshwar B. & Deshmukh R.K.(2018) analyzed big data output in J-gate during 2013 to 2017. Khiste G.P., Awate Avinash &Deshmukh R.K. (2018) discussed Literature audit of „digital library‟ by J-Gate database. Maske, D. B, Deshmukh R. K & Khiste Gajanan P. (2018) analyses the items on ―Information Literacy‖ as reflected in J-Gate for theperiod from 2007 to 2016. Khiste Gajanan P &Awate Avinash P & Deshmukh Rahul (2018) Mapping of the literature on 'Information Literacy' by Using Science Direct during 2008-2017. Veer D.K., Khiste G. P. & Deshmukh R., (2018) explained the term Information Literacy as reflected in SCOPUS during the period during 2007 to 2016. Deshmukh R.k & Taksande P.G (2017) ―An Analytical Study of College Librarians‟ in Contribution of Publication & Extra-Curricular Activities in College Affiliated by Dr. B.A.M.U,Aurganbad.‖ Ph.D Theses submitted






by RSTMUN, Nagpur.Khiste G.P., Deshmukh R.K. & Kale V.A. (2017) discusses the ―Bibliometric‖ as reflected in J-Gate for the period from2005 to 2016. This study investigates the highly productive authors, Document Type, Geographical distribution by country, etc.

Data Analysis RG Score of SGBAU,

Total RG Score in SGBAU, Aurangabad University 1,093.10 RG Score on308 Members in Research gate. The RG Score measures scientific reputation based on how your work is received by your peers. We believe that researchers are the best judges of each other's work and that all a person's research, published or not, deserves credit. With this in mind, your RG Score is calculated based on any contribution you share on Research Gate or add to your profile, such as published articles, unpublished research, projects, questions, and answers.

Graph No. 1

Top Departments along with Members The study was analyzed the top departments along with members in Research Gate and the same is given in Table

Table 1 directs that the SGBAU, Amravati University with top departments along with members of the same in Research Gate. It explains that the ―Department of Biotechnology‖ with 53

(17.20%) members and placed in first rank. It is followed by ―Department of Computer Science‖

with 33 (10.71%) members and occupied second rank. It further found that the ―Department of






Library Science‖ has less number of 05 (1.62%)

Top Sixteen RG Score Member The study was analyzed the top Sixteen Author different departments along with

members in Research agate and the same is given in Table 2

Table no. 2 shows that author ranking for research Publication in Research Get of Research members affiliated to SGBAU, Amravati University There were total 308 research Members and all the Researcher contributed Highest RG Score during study period By Dr. Rai Mahedra(RG 40.45) and he was the most prolific RG Score followed by Dr. Shreeniwas Kerba Omanwar(RG 37.72.)

Top Popular members






Top publications by reads

*These publications belong to the members of this institute using Research gate. Status are based on the total number of reads last week Institutions Stats overview

Graph No. 2






Graph No. 2 Depicts Institutions stats overview; in the date 06/01/2019 is an average reads from all institutions , Date 02/12/2018 total Counted 2628 reads, Starting First Read Near about 2628 Reads , & Date 06/01/2019 is an Below 1973 Reads.

Geographical Distribution The data related to Research Contribution has been analyses by top countries Reads it in

the table 5. Table No 5 Country wise Analysis

Country Total Reads Rank

India 550 1

Pakistan 81 2

United States 80 3

Table No. 5 depicts the geographical distribution of authors. India tops the list with 550 Reads, followed by with Pakistan 81reads to its credit.United State 80 Reads.

Graph No. 3

Top reads by Institution Ranking: Table No 6 Country wise Analysis

Institution Reads Rank

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 10 1

Shaheed Benazir Bhuttom Women University 09 2

Shandong University 09 2

Table No. 6 Depicts the top reads by Institution Ranking, As per Chart Rank one position is The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Total 10Articles reads by Research Student. Second rank Shaheed Benazir Bhuttom Women University & Shandong University, Total 09 Articles Reads by Research Student.

Conclusion Social Networking Sites playing the important role in communicate and share the

information among one to one, one to groups and one to worldwide. The Academic Social






Network Sites communicates and shares the information about research activities among academics. In very special the Research Gate playing important role in sharing and promoting research activities among research scholars in world wide.

References : 1. Deshmukh Rahul K., Pawar K.P,& Kale V.A. (2018) ‗Research Contribution of SRTMU,

Nanded in Research Gate: An Analysis‟, The South Asian Academic Research Chronicle, Vol.6(9), 231-240

2. Deshmukh Rahul K., TaksandePratibha G.,(2015) A Study of college Librarian Contribution in his Publication. (Marathi Language Article), The Rubrics Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, (3), 121-127

3. Deshmukh Rahul K., TaksandePratibha G.,(2018) Impact of Correlation on Research Productivity, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 3-1, 1830-1835

4. Deshmukh Rahul K., TaksandePratibha G.,(2015), Dr. B.A.M.U. SalgnitMahavidhylayinGranthpalancheSahityaNirmiti (Marathi), International Multilingual Research Journal Printing area, Issue-12,Vol01,Dec.2015

5. Deshmukh Rahul K., TaksandePratibha G.,(2015), MahavidhyalyinGranthpalnchasamajikDarja (Marathi), Granthparivar, January 2015

6. Deshmukh Rahul K., Veer D.K, (2014), MahavidhyalayinGranthpalanchePrakashnathilYogdan(Marathi), Conference: Institute of English Language, Literature & Research, Jalgaon.

7. Deshmukh, Rahul K. & Kale, Vilas A (2018), Analysis of “Democracy” Term in Jgate, Current Global Reviwer, 1-1,1-6.

8. Deshmukh,Rahul K., Ghumre, Shivshankar (2018) , Bibliometrics Analyses on the Six Sigma Methodological Approaches to Scopes Database During 2007-2015, International Journal for Science and Advance Research in Technology (IJSART), 4(3),119-123

9. DeshmukhR.k&Taksande P.G (2017) ―An Analytical Study of College Librarians‟ in

Contribution of Publication & Extra- Curricular Activities in Colleges Affiliated by Dr. B.A.M.U, Aurangabad.‖ Ph.D Theses submitted by RTMNU, Nagpur.

10. DeshmukhR.k&Taksande P.G (2018) Intellectual Productivity Of College Librarians, International Journal for Science and Advance Research in Technology (IJSART),4(4), 1370- 1375

11. DeshmukhR.k&Taksande P.G (2018) College librarians Productivity in Bradford‟s law: an

Analysis, International Journal for Science and Advance Research in Technology (IJSART),4(5), 848-852

12. Kale Vilas A., Deshmukh Rahul K. &KhisteGajanan P. (2017) A Bibliometric Survey of the Literature Published by Web of Science on 'Consortia' From 1989-2016, New Man International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(10), 75-82.

13. Khiste G.P., AwateAvinash&Deshmukh R.K.(2018) Literature audit of „digital library‟: an

overview,Vidyawarta, Special Issue, 403-411. 14. Khiste G.P., Deshmukh R.K. & Kale V.A. (2017) Mapping of Literature on Bibliometric by

J-Gate Database, In Re-Envisaging Knowledge Resource Centers: Roles and Responsibilities, New Delhi: EssEss Pub, 391-402.






15. Khiste G.P., Maske D.B.&Deshmukh R.K. (2018) Knowledge Management Output in Scopus during 2007 to 2016, Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities,8(1),10-19.

16. Khiste G.P.,MaskeDnyaneshwar B. &Deshmukh R.K.(2018) Big Data Output in J-gate during 2013 to 2017: A Bibliometrics Analysis, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 3(1), 1252-1257.

17. KhisteGajanan P &AwateAvinash P &Deshmukh Rahul (2018) Mapping of the literature on 'Information Literacy' by Using Science Direct during 2008-2017, Current Global Reviwer,1(1),7-13.

18. KhisteGajanan P, Maske D.B., &Deshmukh Rahul (2018) Analysis of Publication Productivity of Consortia by J-Gate Database, Research Journal of humanities and social sciences, 9(1), 277-280.

19. MaskeDnyaneshwar B, Deshmukh Rahul K &KhisteGajanan P.(2018) Mapping of Publication Productivity of 'Information Literacy' in J-Gate Database, Knowledge Librarian, Special Issue, 480-486.

20. Solanke, D. S.,Deshmukh Rahul K.,(2018), Analyses on the “Six Sigma” Methodological Approaches Tram in Web of Science database during 2007- 2018, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology , 3- 3,128-13

21. Subramanyam, K., (1983), Bibliometric studies of research collaboration: A review, Journal of Information Science, (6) 33-38.

22. Veer D.K. &KhisteGajanan, Deshmukh Rahul (2018) Publication Productivity of 'Information Literacy' in Scopus during 2007 to 2016, Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(2),171-183.

23. Yu, M. C., Wu, Y. C. J., Alhalabi, W., Kao, H. Y., & Wu, W. H. (2016). Research Gate: An effective altmetric indicator for active researchers?.Computers in human behavior, 55, 1001- 1006.






The Blended Librarianship

Dr. (Ms) Revati R. Khokale Librarian,

Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati

Abstract: The present paper discusses the present situation of librarians in present era. As the

technology is moving fast it is very difficult to develop speed with it. The traditional librarianship is outdated as technology is to be blended with present librarianship.

Introduction: The present situation of Library and Librarians is at critical juncture. Today we are

confused about our professional role and responsibilities being a librarian. When we step ahead we have the Information Technology and when we look back in past we have with the traditional methods of maintain a library. We are struggling hard to weave the cloth silk with cotton. It is very difficult and crucial stage of development of libraries iecapture , organization and delivery. All these changes are happening so rapidly that we are not having enough time to cope up with. Now its time to think upon the issue of paperless society or continue with the traditional libraries, or a blended, a three legged race.

What is a blended Librarian? “As an academic librarian who combines the traditional skill set of librarianship

with the information technologist‟s hardware/software skills, and the instructional or

educational designer‟ ability to apply technology appropriately in the teaching- learning”. The present situation very tough to control the Technology as it has transformed the library functions completely. The responsibilities lies on the librarian how to use Information technology and computing as it completely changed the picture of library. Academic librarianship has accelerated to the extend at very high force towards the use of technology. Hence technology is transforming the present librarianship at very high speed hence contributing to higher education. Librarians in every sense are technologists. We have also maintained the traditional picture of libraries to cope up the present users need. Though the picture is changing very fast we have to also attain the needs of users who are main element in whole library ecosystem. It is our duty to cater the needs of end user both with traditional and modern techniques.

The concept of the blended librarian is largely built on creating a movement that will encourage and enable academic librarians to evolve into a new role in which the skills and knowledge of instructional design are wedded to our existing library and information technology skills. It is blended librarian who excel as the academic professional offering the best combination of skills and services to enable faculty to apply technology for enhancedteaching and students learning.It is librarians skill how he combines the traditional skill set of librarianship with the new emerging technology and apply it to the present teaching learning process.






The elements of Blended Librarianship 1. Taking leadership positions as campus innovators and change agents is critical to the

success of delivering library services in today‘s ―information society.‖ 2. Committing to developing campuswide information literacy initiatives on our campuses

in order to facilitate our ongoing involvement in the teaching and learning process is necessary.

3. Designing instructional and educational programs and classes to assist patrons in using library services and learning information literacy is absolutely essential to gaining the necessary skills (trade) and knowledge (profession) for lifelong success.

4. Collaborating and engaging in dialogue with instructional technologists and designers is vital to the development of programs, services and resources needed to facilitate the instructional mission of academic libraries.

5. Implementing adaptive, creative, proactive, and innovative change in library instruction can be enhanced by communicating and collaborating with newly created instructional technology/design librarians and existing instructional designers and technologists.

6. Transforming our relationship with faculty requires that we concentrate our efforts to assist them in integrating technology and library resources into (hybrid/blended) courses. We must also add to our traditional role a new capacity for collaboration to improve student learning and outcome assessment in the areas of information access, retrieval, andintegration.

7. Conclusion: Now it is time to demonstrate by the librarians to the campus community that the library remains central to academic effort. The blended librarian concept though in its infancy will flourish in coming future. We have to encourage our community in shaping a learning community that will further contribute to his/her institution of higher education.

References

1. Drucker, Peter. "Change Leaders." Inc, june1999: 65-72. 2. Shank, Steven J. Bell and John. "The blended Librarian." College & Research Librarias

news, July/August 2004: 372-375.






Development of E-Learning In India

Dr. Nilesh V. Gore Prof. Rajabhau Deshmukh Arts College, Nandgaon Kh., Dist. Amravati(M.S.)

e-mail ID : [email protected] Mob. No. 9860923956

Abstract:

(The paper deals with the historical development of e-learning in India. Some significant e-learning initiatives in India are briefly discussed in the present paper.)

Introduction: India has one of the youngest populations in the world and is going to remain young for

the next15 years. This young generation of the country is as net savvy and digital as that of any other part of the world. As such, these n-gens are achievement oriented, selective, manage their time, are practical, and use the Web 2.0 tools to create their own digital identities. The webby world in its various versions has made a mark for itself within India and the netizens of the country will adapt any of the Web 2.0 technologies with as much fluidity as those for the next generation web, the Web 3.0.

Libraries in India are not yet equipped with the necessary infrastructure to face the challenges of e-learning in the broader term. There are very few initiatives in the fields of digital libraries, institutional repositories, and open access publishing. Such initiatives could be harnessed to aggregate, create and disseminate knowledge base, and leverage the e-learning environment in the country. Besides the personal web spaces like blogs, podcasts, etc., of a few enterprising librarians, there are only few instances of bringing the Web 2.0 environment into the library settings in India. This is contrary to the fact that such open technologies of the Web 2.0 would help overcome economic barriers that are often imposed by technologies, and are aimed at addressing the digital divide if harnessed to its full potential.

Development of E-learning: Uses of e-learning applications can raise the level of education, literacy and economic

development in under developed and developing countries. In India development of e-learning is more successful in corporate segment where it is seen as a means of achieving business goals. Indian government always gave preference to the use of ICT as means of mass education.

Televisions entered in India on September 15, 1959 as a pilot project funded by Ford Foundation, with the transmission of one hour educational programme twice a week.

In 1975 Satellite Instructional Television Experiment is an example of extensive application of satellite for ―Education and Development‖.

In 1984, a project named CLASS (Computer Literacy And Social on Schools) started to make computer literacy as compulsory project for class XI and XII by the Indian government.

In the 7th five year plan and 8th five year plan 2598 school and 2371 schools respectively started computer literacy as foundation step towards e- learning in India.

University Grants Commission Higher Education Project was launched by UGC in collaboration with INSAT named CONTRY WIDE CLASSROOMS in 1984 to upgrade and enrich quality of education.






In 1991, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) started telecasting educational programmes on Doordarshan.In 1999, the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) started Video Conferencing and Interaction (VCI) with two programmes on IT- the Bachelor of Information Technology (BIT) and Advanced Diploma in Information Technology (ADIT) in collaboration with Edexcel, United Kingdom and the Ministry of Information Technology, Government of India respectively. Gyandarshan education channel was started in 2000 to telecast educational program round the clock in joint collaboration of Government of India, PrasarBharti and IGNOU.

Some significant e-learning initiatives in India are briefly discussed here: GyanVani:

Conceived as a joint venture between MHRD and IGNOU, the GyanVani project comprises a network of 40 FM Educational Radio Stations located in different places across the country. Ten of these stations are already operational, viz., Allahabad, Bangalore, Bhopal, Coimbatore, Lucknow, Mumbai, Vishakhapatnam, Delhi, Chennai and Kolkata. Each GyanVani radio station caters to a service area of around 60 km radius and can be received on normal FM radio sets. The programming mainly aims at local educational needs in the local language. The help of local educational institutions and educationists is sought in programme production. Live programmes with phone-in interactivity is a notable feature of GyanVani stations, which are particularly popular with the student population. GyanDarshan:

GyanDarshan is a satellite-based educational T V channel which was started on 26th January, 2000. It carries not only the educational videos of IGNOU, but also those of other major educational organizations like the UGC, CIET-NCERT, NIOS, IITs, TTTIs and also developmental and cultural programmes intended for the public at large. Indira Gandhi National Open University:

The Indira Gandhi National Open University, known as IGNOU, is a distance learning national university located in New Delhi, India. The university was established by the central government of India. IGNOU, was founded to impart education by means of distance and open education, provide higher education opportunities particularly to the disadvantaged segments of society, encourage, coordinate and set standards for distance and open education in India and strengthen the human resources of India through education. e-GyanKosh :

The E-Gyankosh, a National Digital Repository of learning resources, project was started by Indira Gandhi National Open University, in 2006. The repository was developed using D Space open source software to store, index, preserve, distribute and share the digital learning resources of open and distance learning (ODL) institutions of the country. A large aggregation and integration of learning resources in different formats such as self instructional study materials, audio-video programmes, and archives of radio and television-based live interactive sessions is supported by it.

The meaning driven from e-GyanKosh is E=Electronic, Gyan=Knowledge and Kosh. All course materials of IGNOU can now be accessed & downloaded free of cost. The collection comprises print & video based contents. Access of all materials are open to all through the one time registration process.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_learning

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_learning






FlexiLearn: IGNOU has introduced a open course portal called FlexiLearn which provides a self-

learning environment with a list of academic advisors / course guides to act as mentors. FlexiLearn provides free and easy access to IGNOU‘s courses without any charges.

In 1996, the National Institute of Information Technology started, as the first Netvarsity and it become a separate subsidiary as NIIT Online Learning Limited (NOLL) in 2000 and covered the areas related to IT and Soft skills.

The National Task Force on Information Technology and Software development constituted by the Prime Minister of India in 1998, based on this Task Force recommendations, some of the institutions responded and taken such initiatives to establish online learning facilities.

The Department of Library and Information Science (IGNOU) and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Government of India was taken initiative and developed Web-enhanced Training package using UNESCO‘s popular database WINISIS. It has resulted in the development of a e-learning management with large scale for the university.

YashwantraoChavan Maharashtra Open University and Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore has been using e-college learning management system for online distance learning.

As mentioned earlier world‘s first educational satellite was started in India in 20th

September 2001 named EDUSAT to provide education to millions of people at their door step. It enables information to be broadcasted in local language and devoted to long distance learning in India. Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC):

Consortium for Educational Communication (CEC) was set-up as a nodal agency at the national level to address the educational needs of the country through the use of electronic media. CEC has about more than 15000 educational video programmes in 50 subjects developed by different Educational Multimedia Research Centers spread in Universities and Institutions of Higher Education across India. 22 Media Centers are working towards achieving this goal under the umbrella of CEC. NME-ICT, MHRD awarded the project named ―Development of

Courseware e Content for Undergraduate‘‖. E-Learning Type Audio visual and Web Based material. CEC project basically concentrates on creation and dissemination of multimedia based learning resources. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL):

National Programme on Technology-Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) which is an initiative by seven Indian Institutes of Technology (Bombay, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras, and Roorkee) and Indian Institute of Science (IISc) for creating course contents in engineering and science.

The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) is a project funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD). The operational objective of NPTEL is to make high quality learning material available to students of engineering institutions across the country by exploiting the advances in information and communication technology. RUSA (Reference and User Services Association):

RUSA offers e-learning courses of 5 weeks duration on subjects such as business reference service, readers advisory service, reference interviews, etc.






NCERT: In an another initiative by government of India, a project undertaken by the National

Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) in the form of online textbooks showed that e-learning can reach to maximum. The NCERT publishes school textbooks and it has initiated a step towards making school textbooks freely available on the internet for students and teachers through its website. This portal provides easy navigation to textbook chapters by title/subject of the book for a particular class. The textbooks available there are written in English, Hindi and a few in Urdu. Ekalavya:

Another open education initiative is Ekalavya, launched by Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay in 2004. In this project, content developed in various Indian languages is distributed over the Internet. The Ekalavya project has developed an Open Source Educational Resources Animation Repository (OSCAR) that provides web-based interactive animations for teaching. The OSCAR provides a platform for student developers to create animations based on ideas and guidance from instructors. The funding for the Ekalavya and OSCAR project comes mainly from private industry. The main purpose of creating ekalavya portal is to provide an interactive platform which will be used for the purpose of creating awareness and disseminating information among the general public for the well-being of the individual and the society. This project can play a very significant role in bringing together students, teachers, and working professionals closely to each other so as to enhance the productivity of the group and spread knowledge among the closely knit people. The main objective of Ekalavya portal is to serve as a platform for the exchange of knowledge and ideas, by providing all the relevant learning material online so that the people can use them effectively according to their requirements. It is envisaged that the ekalavya project in due course of time will become an all encompassing activity over the years spreading the message of ICT to all and one. Its e-outreach programme creates high quality digital text, audio, video and HTML contents of educational value for knowledge dissemination. This initiative of the Project ekalavya has been funded and supported by the Technology Information, Forecasting & Assessment Council. Sakshat:

The Ministry of Human Resource Development has created a platform / portal named ‗SAKSHAT‘ as part of the National Mission in Education through Information and

Communication Technology. e-PGPathshala:

The MHRD, under its National Mission on Education through ICT (NME-ICT), has assigned work to the UGC for development of e-content in 77 subjects at postgraduate level. The content and its quality is the key component of education system. High quality, curriculum-based, interactive content in different subjects across all disciplines of social sciences, arts, fine arts & humanities, natural &mathematical sciences, linguistics and languages is being developed under this initiative named e-PG Pathshala. E-content so developed would be available in open access through a Learning Management System (LMS) set-up at the INFLIBNET Centre as well as through Sakshat portal. Virtual Learning Environment, Institute of Lifelong Learning (ILLL):

The Virtual Learning Environment, Institute of Lifelong Learning (ILLL) is a unique and innovative initiative of the University of Delhi to provide Open Educational Resources (OER) to






the teaching and learning community. VLE provides the courses in Commerce, Humanities and Social Sciences, History, Sciences, Interviews and Podcast.

E-Learning today emphasis is on the qualitative changes in every sphere of Education. The ICT development has progressed from classroom lectures to web-based e-learning programme conducted online wherein students can communicate with peers and lecturers. With E-Learning process in LIS education also distance mode is conducted through electronic components like Computers, Internet etc. These also includes CDs, e-books, e-journals, poly media aids etc. It leads to the formation of Digital Library, which means there are no actual classrooms no teachers or textbooks but it gives the virtual library impressions of studying in a classroom. References:

1. Baker, R. K., (2003), ‗A Framework for Design and Evaluation of Internet-Based Distance Learning Courses Phase One – Framework Justification, Design and Evaluation‘, Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, vol.6, no.2.

2. Bansode, S.Y. &Kumbhar, R. (2012). E-learning Experience using Open Source Software : Moodle. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology.32(5), 409-416.

3. Kattimani S.F. &Naik R. Ramesh. (2012). E-Learning Technology in the ICT Era: Application to Technical Education. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology.32 (6).459-467.

4. Kumbhar, R. (2009). Use of E-learning in Library and Information Science Education. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology,29(1), 37-41.

5. Mukhopadhyay, S., Dan, S.& Singh, A.K. (2011). Object Oriented Design of E-learning Systm for Distance Education. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Creative Engineering.1(1). 27-30

6. http://egyankosh.ac.in/ 7. http://www.ignouflexilearn.ac.in 8. www.cec-ugc.org/ 9. www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/ 10. www.mhrd.gov.in/rusa 11. www.ncert.nic.in 12. www.eklavya.it.iitv.ac.in 13. www.sakshat.ac.in 14. http://www.inflibnet.ac.in/epgp/ 15. www.vle.du.ac.in 16. www.ignou.ac.in






Smart Library in 21st Century

Mangesh P. Deshmukh Librarian

MVDM Amt. mangeshrajvi@gmail,com

Introduction

Smart library is nothing but just a library solution in a digital way. It is also a very sophisticated true multimedia streaming and digital delivery solution through a device and browser agnostic. Library management system has been evolving over more than 20 years with or without digital format. The new smart version based on, what all users want and need through smart or digital library with an emphasis on aesthetics, web based solutions is appealing to the eye and easy to use for both library staff and users. It is a free solution to help the library feel confident, it has integrated cyber-safety in its policy, agreements, staff development, organizational behavior and culture, training and day to day operations. A process to keep on top of cyber-safety issues that helps the library respond to incidents and negative behaviors as well as empowering positive use of sense. A way to improve guidance and training for library community, helping them with the skills they need to use digital technologies confidently and safely, and get the best out of digital technology and avoid cyber-risks such as scams and cyber bullying.

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Basic Features The smart libraries framework is a comprehensive system providing skills and resources

for the library community to confidently manage cyber-issues and continue to embrace the positive aspects of online activity. Smart libraries provides a free and comprehensive solution helps libraries identify gaps in their policies and operations by offering a wellstructured action plan that links to best practice resources. The library can track progress and access resources using an online system tool by library professionals.

The interactive tool links the framework, actions and resources, giving libraries what its need, Smart libraries helps library staff improve their guidance andtraining for library users. Users gain the skills they need to use digital technologies confidently and safely to get the best out of digital technology and avoid cyber-risks. The most relevant resources and practical tools in cyber-safety are collated in one place. Smart libraries is designed to be adaptable and flexible for all types of libraries-academic, public, metropolitan, regional, rural, remote and mobile-providing useful guidance to libraries, who may have taken some steps to increase awareness and skills in cyber-safety, digital literacy and digital citizenship and those who are keen to start thoroughly.Implementing smart libraries helps mitigate risks. By participating in the program, libraries can demonstrate their progress in embedding cyber-safety and wellbeing in their library practices. Smart technology helps to reduce the digital divide by empowering staff and users to increase knowledge and skills to navigate the online world in a safe, smart and responsible way. Smart libraries are an extension of a proven model for the present scenario or the modern age






Technology Used for Smart Library Most of libraries lead in the smart way towards digital citizenship. It should be the

first places where most advanced technologies are to be implemented. Today, libraries are not only about lending books. These are creative spaces, not only for individuals, butalso groups. These are economic incubators and learning hubs. Most of all, the libraries are the entry level points to the digital world. These are the way to embrace technology and avoid digital exclusion. Therefore, to improve technological literacy of local communities, libraries should be equipped with relevant technologies for up-gradation. The following technologies are also helpful to modify or convert a normal digital library to a smart one as well. - Library bookmark and guide - Augmented reality app - Book delivery drone - Digital Interface for print books - Library Utensils - Mobile library center - Print on demand machines - Access to library via commonly used app - Library location technology - Wi-Fi / Internet access with 3G/4G speed network Application of Recent Advances Cloud computing:

Cloud computing, is a kind of Internet-based computing that provides shared processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demand. It is a model for enabling ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services), Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data centers. Cloud computing has become a highly demanded service or utility due to the advantages of high computing power, cheap cost of services, high performance, scalability, accessibility as well as availability. Cloud computing is a general term for the delivery of hosted services over the Internet. The goal of cloud computing is to apply traditional supercomputing, or high-performance computing power, normally used by military and research facilities, to perform tens of trillions of computations per second, in consumeroriented

applications such as financial portfolios, to deliver personalized information, to provide data storage or to power large, immersive online computer games. Cloud computing services can be categorized as private, public or hybrid accordingly. Web 2.0:

Describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability, and interoperability. A web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content ina virtual community, in contrast to web sites where people are limited to the passive viewing of content.Web 2.0 is a set of trends and tools for using the internet. The concept of web 2.0 has emerged into other disciplines and changed the entire mode of practices in library science as well, and a new concept of Library 2.0 has been introduced.






E-Granthalaya 4.0: Library automation software developed by NIC Library and Information Systems

Division. The software has been designed keeping inview the requirements of special and government libraries. The software contains various modules like Administration, Acquisition of books and Cataloguing, Circulation, Serials Control, Articles Indexing, Budgets Controls, and OPAC etc E-Granthalaya 4.0:

A digital agenda for library automation and networking - is an Integrated Library Management Software from National InformaticsCentre (NIC), Department of Electronics & Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India. The software has been developed by a team of experts from software as well as Library and Information Science discipline. The software is useful for automation of inhouse activities of libraries and provides various online member services. The software provides built-in web OPAC interface to publish the library catalogue over Internet.

The software is UNICODE compliant thus, supports data entry in local languages. Latest version of e-Granthalaya i.e. Ver.4.0 is a 'Cloud Ready Application' and provides a web-based data entry solution in enterprise mode with a centralized database for cluster of libraries. E-Granthalaya 4.0 uses Postgre SQL-an Open Source DBMS as back-end database solution. E-Granthalaya 4.0 is made available in NIC National Cloud for Government Libraries Only on request basis with free hosting of application and databases for online access to all smart libraries RFID:

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is thelatest technology to be used in library theft detection systems. It allows a library book, to be tracked and communicated with by radio waves. This technology is similar in concept to a cell phone. RFID is a broad term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. RFID can be used library circulation operations and theft detection systems. RFID-based systems move beyond security to become tracking systems that combine security with more efficient tracking of materials throughout the library, including easier and faster charge and discharge, inventorying, and materials

handling as well. This technology helps librarians, to reduce valuable staff time spent scanning barcodes while charging and discharging items. RFID is a combination of radio - frequency-based technology and microchip technology. The information contained on microchips in the tags affixed to library materials is read by using radio frequency technology, regardless of item orientation or alignment properly. Open Source Software For Digital Repositories: D-Space, Greenstone.

D-Space is institutional repository application software. D-Space is the software of choice for academic, nonprofit, and commercial organizations building open digital repositories. It is free and easy to install "out of the box" and completely customizable to fit the needs of any organization. D-Space preserves and enables easy and open access to all types of digital content including text, images, moving images, mpegs and data sets with an ever-growing community of developers, committed to continuously expanding and improving

Greenstone is a suite of software for building and distributing smart/digital library collections. It provides a new way of organizing information and publishing it on the Internet or on CD-ROM. Greenstone is produced by the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the






University of Waikato, it is developed and distributed in co-operation with UNESCO and the Human Info NGO. It is open-source, multilingual software, issued under the terms of the GNU General Public License. For Integrated Library Software (ILS):

Evergreen, Koha, Open Biblio, New Gen Lib (NGL), SOPAC Social On-line Public Access Catalogue). Evergreen, highly-scalable software for smart libraries that helps library patrons find library materials, and helps libraries manage, catalogue, and circulate those materials. Evergreen is open source software, freelylicensed under the GNU GPL. Koha, the first free and open source software library automation package (ILS). Development is sponsored by libraries of varying types and sizes, volunteers, and support companies from around the world. Koha became a viable, scalable solution for smart libraries of all kinds. Koha is built on this foundation with its advanced features set; Koha is the most functionally advanced open source ILS on the market today. Open Biblio is an easy to use, open source, automated library system written in PHP containing OPAC, circulation, cataloguing, and staff administration functionality. The purpose of this project is to provide a cost effective library automation solution for private collections or public libraries. New Gen Lib (NGL) is an outcome of collaboration between Verus and Kesavan Institute of Information and Knowledge management. NGL is developed and maintained by Verus Solutions and Kesavan Institute has provided the domain expertise. It provides many basic ILS functions as well as having several social media functions built in. SOPAC (Social Online Public Access Catalog) is a module for the Drupal CMS that provides true integration of your library catalogue system with the power of the Drupal content management system while allowing users to tag, rate, and review your holdings. User input is then incorporated into the discovery index so that SOPAC becomes a truly community-driven

Conclusion As a result smart library is designed to serve all library services faster, better and smartly

to its end users through digital technology in different software applications. Smart libraries, as environments for social learning and collaboration, present facilitators of education and knowledge with accelerating dissemination of information in a digital age. Smart libraries emphasize their activities on providing an information commons to the peoples of modern society. In other words, an informal interactive learning place and process that encourages all types of its visitors to communicate, contributes, participate, and engage with the smart library in a smart way. This new dynamic and scientific technological process leads towards a collaborative, social construction, and sharing of information and knowledge between smart users in a positive sense. Smart libraries world-wide have a huge potential to facilitate open and free sharing and human interaction in innovated design open source softwares. Users may use shared physical spaces which can made social and spatial barriers, enabling them from very different backgrounds to engage and share in social learning activities through smart library. The vision of Smart library is to create an "indoor living lab", where students and researchers can develop, test and presents smart technologies, access and analyze the collected data to carry out






both qualitative and quantitative studies also by applying different types of open source software as and when required accordingly. References

1. www.esmartlibraries.org.au/Pages/WhatIseSmartLibraries.aspx 2. www.librarysolutions.com.au/Products.html 3. http://ebookfriendly.com/library-future-technologies/ 4. www.edsurge.com › News › Postsecondary Learning ›Higher Education 5. www.canis.illinois.edu/news/Computerintro.pdf 6. www.australianscience.com.au/.../social-learning-impactand-collaboration 7. www.carnegieuktrust.org.uk/CMSPages/GetFile.aspx?guid=250ba850... 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing 9. www.webopedia.com › TERM › C 10. www.egranthalaya.nic.in 11. unllib.unl.edu/LPP/shahid.htm 12. creativelibrarian.com/library-oss/ 13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0






The Impact of Information Techonology on Library Manegement & the Challenges Before Academic Libraries

Dr. Vandana R. Khakre Librarian

Shri Shivaji College Of Education Amravati

[email protected] Mb. No. 9730195926

Abstract:-

Technology is increasingly playing a crucial role in successes of organizations. In the information age. The impact of information technology has been enormous on various domains like business, education , media etc. This rapid evaluation of IT has good and bad impact on our every day life this paper will discus on the key aspects of human interaction and others domain that may be affected by the new technology . Since we live in the “information age” Information

technology has become a part of our everyday lives, that‟s why the purpose of this paper is to know the impact of IT on our society

Introduction:- Information Technology and their applications is beyond human imaginations. more than a decade, the Information Society concept has been at the centre of discussions on the future of work and of society in general, both for socio-economic research and policy-making, in a period greatly affected by the growing importance of information and communication technologies (ICTs) across the world.. Academic libraries are changing in response to changes in the learning and research environment and changes in the behavior of library users. The changes are evolutionary. Libraries are adding new, digital resources and services while maintaining most of the old, traditional resources and services. Finding and funding the appropriate balance of digital and traditional initiatives challenges strategic and financial planners

Information Technology:- Information technology:- the technology involving the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data. The Information Technology Association of America (ITAA) defines Information Technology as: "The study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware." IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information. Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking and other physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data– Changing Users Information Seeking Behaviors

Undoubtedly, the availability of electronic access to information has gradually brought some major changes to human information behavior related sources and services and their use in all walks of life. Such changes are significant that library and information professionals are studying now information seeking behavior, and its place within the learning process.







The internet is considered as a potentially excellent tool for teaching and learning. The students whenever they use internet for their own purpose in library, they browse internet to access textual and graphic information for their project work.

The Web is a new communication media for information publishing and information retrieval. It has changed the networked access to information by providing resources and directory services.

The World Wide Web is a tool for partial information gathering and learning for students. The students are now very comfortable in using web resources and they want more resources through web enabled technology. It has been concluded that e-resources helps for anytime availability and easy to access, which helps for the researchers to carry out the research on time.

The Users emphasizes the importance of electronic access to scholarly journals and library databases and the continuing value of books, both print and electronic, for meeting the information and research needs.

Questions before 21st-Century Libraries and librarian How will future library professionals organize, store, and distribute information? How will school (and other) librarians support information literacy in physical and digital

environments?

What new forms of information may develop? What will a book look like? A scholarly journal? A database? Will book found on stack or on desktop?

If space required for library physically? What will be the role of libraries and librarians play as the distributors of information?

Will the change in qualification of librarian? Should librarians become experts in informatics, social networking, e-government, civic

participation, and community development? Are user satisfied with digital form, Digital literature? Will there change in library services?

Changes Due To Information Technology Technology changes traditional information forms. A number of technological advances have eliminated, supplanted, or altered the more traditional forms of information provided by libraries. For example, recorded thought in the form of a book, monograph, or newspaper is at the very core of what a library has traditionally provided its users. This material is now available in new forms and accessible in new ways. Existing information has been converted to electronic form and made available online.

Digitization Changes the Landscape of Information Access and Use Current and new forms of electronic information are fundamentally changing the way people produce, access, and process information. Members of the first generation of the technological revolution (those born after the proliferation of personal computing in the 1980s) have perceptions of information, its creation, its use, and its storage vastly different from the traditional views. Digital Initiatives and the Future of Reading In thinking about the future of libraries, many librarians and experts are going back






to the beginning—the act of reading or processing information. A growing body of literature addresses the way new generations—―digital natives‖—will create, access, and absorb information. These changes will only become more profound in the future. Internet is empowering a tech-savvy generation to pursue a central element of 21st century. E-Research Advances in electronic publishing and content digitization are already having a profound effect on the way students and academics conduct research and publish findings. Researchers and scholarly publishers are collaborating on new ways to produce content in the digital environment. First used in the sciences and extending now to the humanities, e-research initiatives (online journals, electronic research communities, e-books) represent a rapidly growing component of the evolution from printed facts to digital culture. While this change will continue to alter library spaces and services, it will also radically affect the scholarly publishing industry and the economics of library collecting. Google Book Search The library community, content creators, the publishing industry, and many others are currently embroiled in a complex debate regarding Google Book Search, a vast effort to digitize millions of published works and make them available on the mega-search engine‘s site. While

some of the works Google has already digitized are in the public domain, many remain protected by copyright and out of print. Mobile Computing

Also having a profound effect on the way users find, access, and process information is the increased popularity of mobile computing. Indeed, many experts insist that in the future, all personal computing will be mobile. Phones, media players, and computers will increasingly merge into portable devices that will free the information seeker completely from wired sources. New Information Processes are Changing Libraries, Library Services, and Librarians

Current and future library services designed to meet the needs of digital natives and digital nomads. In the near future, a number of services already offered by many libraries—for example, mobile catalog access, two-way text communication and reference, and podcasts—will include digital collections specially designed for mobile computing devices such as iPods, smart phones, and e-books. The library of the future can remain both a portal and a destination for information seekers, whether they access the information via a handheld computing device or the front door of their local library While some critics argue that this will mean the eventual disappearance of a physical library, others see an opportunity to make more resources available to more users in more locations. . Print on demand is an excellent example of this kind of service. Printing a book for a single user Some institutions are providing a books-on-demand service—single copies of a published work printed in the library or another location on a stand-alone printer that also binds and covers the material.

Accordingly, many experts believe that the librarian‘s job will become more, not less,

important in the coming decades as new problems of digital organization and preservation are created and confronted. Indeed, many consider the librarian most qualified to lead efforts to embrace the new media while being the least beholden to profit-making economic models.






The library is going to be more complex than ever. Librarians are going to have to manage not just the collections, but all of the readers‘ contributions to them.

Library Spaces The library of the future is likely to be an amalgam of current and new technologies, of

traditional and cutting-edge services, and of digital and physical spaces. Many suspect that while mobile computing, networked materials, digital research processes, and other new technologies will dramatically alter certain library services, there will still be a need for books, shelves, tables and chairs, light and solitude, and community space.

The Future is Collaboration Libraries and librarians will have a role to play in harnessing technological advances and

the proliferation of information, creating from them a portal—both digital and physical—through which users can enter and find their way to accessible, credible, and vital knowledge.

Libraries and librarians are expected to partner with many types of institutions, organizations, and individual users to provide both traditional and cutting-edge services and flexible, usable physical and online environments.

In the future, ―libraries have a great opportunity to provide invaluable conversational,

participatory infrastructure to their communities online‖1 and advance the library‘s

position in both physical and digital communities Collaboration with other community institutions and organizations will result In

educational opportunities and experiences beyond traditional services such as literacy skills and technology training.

Collaboration between libraries and users will create new digital spaces as well. Scholars students, and librarians are coming together in unique online spaces that will change the face of scholarly inquiry and communication

Libraries of the future will also collaborate with universities, research institutions, and the publishing industry as the scholarly landscape continues to shift from printed to born- digital materials Collaboration between libraries and the publishing industry in areas where they often have been at odds will necessitate a rethinking of current relationships and operation philosophies. As libraries become more flexible, more collaborative, more effective community hubs, the breadth of work available for librarians and professionals will expand.

Conclusion: At the end of this study , with the objective to present the information technology and to

study the impact of these new technologies to the society, it is clear that the computer age is here; this cannot be debated. In many aspect of our society, we found IT efficient in solving complex problems at a very small type. It can perform enormous number of functions and operations that human cannot do. As result of the use of IT we can have cost effectiveness, globalization, communication and new jobs creation. Despite all these advantages, the IT world faces some remarkable disadvantages; privacy of information is an issue but the most important drawback is unemployment because many task initially done by human, are now done by computer. Nonetheless, it is said that in some scopes like education, technology can enhance






traditional methods of learning but cannot replace the human -learning the information on the Internet is available for all who have access, without discrimination Technology is changing the dominant form of recorded thought from print to electronic. That change, in turn, is irrevocably altering the ways in which people create, find, and process information. As a result, libraries must evolve their philosophies, missions,\and processes. References:-

1. Brown, J.S.; & Duguid, P. (2000). The Social Life of Information. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

2. EW Martin, CV Brown, JA Hoffer, WC Perkins(1998) Managing information technology: What managers need to know

3. J Gaspar, EL Glaeser (1998) Information technology and the future of cities- Journal of urban economics, 1998 – Elsevier.

4. http://www.ala.org/oitp 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology

http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=552465

http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=552465

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Xs19o54AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094119096920318

http://www.ala.org/oitp






The Deep Web : An Overview

Dr. Vijay Ganeshrao Wardikar Librarian

Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, Maharashtra.

[email protected] vijaywardikar123@ rediffmail.com

Abstract

Web has been growing at associate exponential rate since Nineteen Nineties. Established search engines search solely the surface Web go through crawlers and therefore indexable. The Deep Web conjointly known as the invisible Web is that portion of the online that is hidden from the online users as a result of established search engines cannot access them. This hidden portion of Web is 550 times larger than the surface Web. 95 % of this Deep Web is free. This paper defines the Deep Web and explores the importance of the Deep Web for the librarians. The paper introduced some tools to go looking this Deep Web which may be effectively utilized by the librarians to enhance their data services.

Keywords: Deep Web, Invisible Web, Search Engines.

Introduction: World Wide Web is commonly thought of as a equivalent word to net by the general

public. Essentially through the HTTP, created by Tim Berners-Lee, it links one document to the opposite and may be accessed on the net. Berners-Lee created it in 1989 at CERN in Geneva, in order that researchers at CERN may share their documents from totally different computer systems. Therefore with the creation of HTML and also the launch of World Wide Web in 1992, navigating the net became abundant easier. Ever since then, the online has been growing at associate exponential rate.

Objectives: 1. To realize the function of Deep Web 2. To explain the need of Deep Web 3. To describe the tools of Deep Web

What is the deep Web? That portion of Web that is hidden from the online users as a result of established

search engines cannot access them is named the deep web. The deep Web is additionally known as as ‗the invisible web‘ or ‗the hidden web‘. The term ‗invisible web‘

was initial coined by Jill Ellsworth in 1994 to talk to those sites that are not visible as a result of they did not register themselves with any of the search engines. In step with Wikipedia ―The deep Web refers to World Wide Web content that is not a part of the surface Web, that is indexed by search engines.‖ Here the surface Web means a part of the online that is indexed and therefore searchable by established search engines. Michael K. Bergman in his notable report captured the importance of the deep Web once he aforementioned that, ―Searching on internet these






days may be compared to dragging a net across the surface of the ocean. Whereas an excellent deal is also caught within the web, there is still a wealth of data that is deep, and so, missed.‖ He more explains that a lot of sites are dynamically generated and therefore

established search engines will never realize them. Conventional search engines use programmes known as crawlers that go through

online endlessly and prepare a research index. These crawlers reach the pages through the machine-readable text links. Thus those sites that need authorization or are not joined through any machine-readable text are not approachable by the normal search engines. Even Google that has these days become a equivalent word for looking is all concerning links.

Why is it vital for librarians to grasp concerning the deep web? Libraries and librarians have right along been assembling and disseminative

documents and knowledge in whichever kind and media masses recorded them. Therefore keeping with the philosophy of office, librarians have accepted and absorbed the electronic resources within the libraries. Particularly from Nineteen Nineties once search engines like Alta Vista, Excite, Northern light and Google created looking the online straightforward, librarians and reference librarians specially are extensively victimization the net resources to circulate data to their users. therefore the Deep Web is of special concern to the librarians. The discussion to follow explains why understanding the Deep Web is vital for librarians.

The content on the deep web is vast and seems to be on the far side live however tries are created to live it. Bergman writes that Bright Planet created an endeavor to quantify the scale of the Deep Web in March 2000 and that they found that it's four hundred to 550 times larger than the surface Web. The deep Web contains seven,500 terabytes of data and 550 billion individual documents. Whereas the surface Web that most search engines search have solely nineteen terabytes of data and just one billion individual documents. Therefore no professional will ignore that portion of the online content that is sort of 550 times larger than the surface net. in step with yet one more study the deep net contained 900 billion pages of data in January 2006 and in distinction Google had indexed simply twenty five billion pages by then therefore librarians cannot ignore the 875 billion pages of data that constitutes the Deep Web

Not solely the quantum however the constitution of the Deep Web is of equal concern to the librarians. The content of the deep web includes the databases of personal organizations, tutorial establishments like schools and universities, government agencies etc that were not created for public access. Several business databases just like the databases of the electronic publishers are on the market solely to twenty three subscribers. Equally the databases of libraries, moving picture databases and music databases are not searchable through typical search engines. Conjointly websites that generate dynamic pages through Common entryway Interface (CGI) or Active Server Pages (ASP) are not indexed by the standard search engines. the data contained within these databases






is searchable solely by use of keywords in the question engines placed on these websites.

Yet one more reason why the Deep Web is vital for the librarians is that the standard of data content on the Deep net is way superior to the surface Web. this can be as a result of the Deep web consists of major authoritative websites. Bergman writes, ―Total quality content of the Deep net is way bigger than that of the surface net".

Besides the number, constitution and quality, the Deep Web is additionally growing at a quicker rate than the surface net. quicker growth results in bigger data content and therefore ought to be of bigger importance to the librarians.

Librarians are subscribing to e-journals and alternative electronic databases that represent the part of the deep web. But what is vital to grasp is that ninety five percent of the deep web is free and in public accessible.

Tools through that the Deep Web may be accessed by Librarians: It is clear from the on top of discussion that the Deep Web is a lot of helpful for serious researches. So, the worth of the Deep online page is vast to librarians to serve their users effectively. Hence, it becomes very crucial for librarians to grasp the way to access this mass of data that resides within the Deep net. several corporations just like the Bright Planet are extending solutions to the present downside. several researchers are presenting solutions; Raghavan and Garcia-Molinaxi have introduced a hidden net crawler, Ntoulas have conjointly worked on building a good hidden net crawler. A listing of thirty tools to go looking the Deep Web is listed below organized in associate alphabetical order with some annotations. Beaucoup: It is a group of over a pair of500 searchable databases and search engines. It contains free data sources within the areas of computer, software, employment, society, geography, health, business , media, people, reference & education, sciences, family, pets, hobbies etc. Bloomsbury Research Centre: This meta website covers dictionaries, quotations and literary reference works. It conjointly links to gateways, awards and festivals and book trade data. it's helpful to all or any people who have an interest in writing and literature. it's provided by city district Publishers, London. Business.Com: It contains sites on 64,000 public, non-public and international corporations. It is very useful for business data it is helpful for particularly for data associated with selling, human resource, business travel and client services. Directory Of Open Access Journals: This directory covers free and full text scientific and profound journals that are peer reviewed or editorial quality controlled. As of currently 3414 journals are there within the directory out of that 1161 journals are searchable at article level. It conjointly accepts free user registration on-line. Disinformation : This very fascinating web site launched in 1996 collects and indexes the






foremost ―hidden‖ and subversive material on the online. it's a preferred various news culture on the online. Dmoz.Org: This Open Directory Project may be a comprehensive human-edited directory of the online created and maintained by librarians particularly a community of volunteers. it's twenty five turning into a definitive catalogue of the online. This free directory provides reviewed, quality websites and databases by subject. Eric: ERIC is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education and provides free access to quite 1.2 million list records of journal articles to education literature. It conjointly provides links to full text of the articles where on the market. Flipper: Fipper is for news and e-commerce. the favored classes in it are finance, manner travel, home, business and amusement Geniusfind: It is a directory of search engines, databases and archives. it's organized into classes and subcategories for ease in looking. Infomine: INFOMINE is made by librarians and maintained by University of California. it is a virtual library of net resources helpful for analysis. It contains databases, electronic journals, electronic books, bulletin boards, mailing lists, on-line borrower's card catalogues, articles, directories of researchers etc. Internet Public Library : This is a public service organization based at the University of Michigan, college of data. it is currently developed and maintained by a association of schools and universities with programmes in informatics. it is a wonderful supply for public library users. it is conjointly sensible for exhibits, news and youth collections. Intute: Intute may be a free on-line service that gives resources for education and analysis that are evaluated by consultants. The service is made by a network of UK universities and alternative partners. Subject-specific and cross-subject resources may be accessed through twenty six it. it is four subject teams viz., Arts & Humanities, Health & Life Sciences, Science Engineering & Technology and Social Sciences. Librarians Internet Index: It is a publicly-funded web site that started from Calif. and currently it serves the entire world. it's over twenty,000 entries fastidiously elect and arranged by librarians into fourteen main topics and nearly three hundred connected topics. Users may also subscribe its free write up. it's terribly reliable and provides access to high-quality websites. Shakesearch: This website provides a full-text search of all works by playwright. All his Comedies, Tragedies and Poetry are coated. Even the words coined by him and his most well-liked lines may be searched. It conjointly links to connected sources.






Sociosite: This entryway is solely for the topic of social science to assist sociologists. It is world in scope and contains top quality resources. this can be maintained by University of national capital. The access is liberated to promote profound communication. Statistical Resources On The Web : This website is national and international in scope. it's links to school of Michigan‘s made Foreign Governments document assortment. It covers areas like agriculture, business and business, demographics, economics, education, energy, surroundings, health, housing, labour, politics, science, social science etc. The Searchsystems.Net Public Records Directory : According to this website it's a reliable directory of public records and best resource for background checks and criminal records on the net. it absolutely was established in 1990 in Newbury Park, California. It provides access to over 36,000 helpful databases containing billions of public records. Virtual Gumshoe : It is a free public record resources among investigators created in 1996 by a enforcement officer assembling links that helpful for investigatory work. It contains over 400 links to public databases. Virtual Library : This is the oldest catalogue of the online. it absolutely was started by Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of World Wide net in 1991. it's maintained by volunteers, United Nations agency compile pages of key links in areas of their experience. it's rated jointly of the highest-quality guides on the online. Voice Of The Shuttle : This website started in 1994, is very sensible for arts resources. It includes social science, space studies and minority studies additionally to alternative humanities disciplines. it's maintained by Alan Liu of University of Calif., Santa Barbara.

Conclusion: The above tools are simply many out of a bunch of tools on the market on the net to go looking the Deep Web. Even Google‘s Google Scholar a late 2004 beta unleash searches the Deep Web. it's freely-accessible and indexes the complete text of profound literature from tutorial publishers, skilled societies and institutional repositories. Search Tools Cited : Beaucoup: Http://Www.Beaucoup.Com/ Bloomsbury Research Centre Http://Www.Bloomsburymagazine.Com/ Business.Com Http://Www.Business.Com/ Disinformation Http://Www.Disinfo.Com/ Dmoz.Org Http://Dmoz.Org/ Eric Http://Www.Eric.Ed.Gov/ Flipper Http://Flipper.Com/ Geniusfind Http://Www.Geniusfind.Com/ Infomine Http://Infomine.Ucr.Edu/






Internet Public Library Http://Www.Ipl.Org/ Internet.Com Http://Internet.Com/ Intute Http://Www.Intute.Ac.Uk/ Librarians Internet Index Http://Www.Lii.Org Shakesearch Http://Www.Rhymezone.Com/Shakespeare/ Sociosite Http://Www.Sociosite.Net/About.Php Statistical Resources On The Web Http://Www.Lib.Umich.Edu/Govdocs/Stats.Html The Searchsystems.Net Public Records Directory Http://Www.Searchsystems.Net/ Vitrual Gumshoe Http://Vitualgumshoe.Com Virtual Library Http://Vlib.Org/ Voice Of The Shuttle Http://Vos.Ucsb.Edu/ References :

1. Ellsworth, Jill H. and Ellsworth, Matthew V. (1994). The Internet Business Book. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2008). Deep Web. Retrieved on May 31, 2008 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_web

3. Bergman, Michael K. (2001). "The Deep Web: Surfacing Hidden Value". The Journal of Electronic Publishing, 7(1). Retrieved on May 31, 2008 from http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3336451.0007.104

4. Battelle, John. (2005). The Search: How Google and its rivals rewrote the rules of business and transformed our culture. Portfolio.

5. Bergman, Op Cit. 9. Ibid. 10. Ibid. 11. Raghavan, Sriram and Garcia-Molina, Hector. (2001). Crawling the hidden web. Proceedings of the 27th VLDB conference, Rome, Italy, 2001.






Role of Librarian in the Changing world of Digital Environments

Dr. Ravikant N. Mahindkar Librarian

Y.D.V.D Arts. Com & Science College Tiosa [email protected]

Abstract:-

Today, the walls of a library are giving way to digital environments to establish the links with information and virtual. Information is a valuable resources. The traditional libraries should be transformed into hybrid libraries focused on providing information collected in the form of books and electronic sources to survive and meet the need of end users. In this paper describes the role of librarian in libraries, which have collection in form of e- books, digital documents and various databases and common access to the internet. Modern libraries are creating the society of knowledge. The librarians are constantly open to any changes in their field and eager to improve their skills and knowledge.

Introduction:- Information Technology is rapidly changing the whole world and creation new

challenges and opportunities. The Global changes particularly in digital environment/ ICT have had an impact on the functioning of libraries. The development in ICT has changed the user expectations from the libraries in many ways. In this age of information, the LIS plays not only just an important learning supporting function but the library itself is emerging as site of learning sometimes more important than even the class-room. The library and Information services of higher education institutions play a central role in enhancing the quality of academic and research environment. The digital environment has changed the functions and duties of LIS Professionals, they are not only to extend assistance to users in searching information in a placed called library but also to provide services and instruction regardless of place, time or format. Now librarian act as information provider, Website designer, Database developer, Services provider, Collection developer, Consortia manager, Information consultant, content manager and so on.

Information Soceity:- The information age has arrived and modern society is commonly referred to as the

―Information Society ‖.Still, this term does not have a commonly accepted interpretation. Information society is described by the modern researchers as ―the society in which the

information is intensely used in economic, social, cultural, and political life it is a society with abundant means of communication and of information processing, the society being the basis for serving as a major part of the national income and ensuring the source of income for majority of the population. This information society, the popularity of the internet and electronic mass media is spreading very fast. The use of internet and e-resources created a new type of society and the analog technology has been abandoned in favor of digital technology within a couple of year. This new society is also referred to as the digital, Web, Internet or computer society. Information is the most sought-after and valuable merchandise in the society. It becomes indispensable for one social and professionals development to keep up with information constantly, to gain and use it in practice, due to changes taking place in the modern world.






Changing Libraries:- The user expectations to the libraries to deliver high quality, comprehensive, user-

friendly new generation services. As the world advances, the library must also evolve and redesign their activities in order to deliver highly quality, need based, and value added services according to the expectations of today‘s library user. The concept of library has been described

by several different terms such as automated library, computerized library, digital library, electronic library, virtual library, library without walls and internet library. 21st century libraries have a lot in difference with the traditional model their dominant elements are changed.

Why are Librarians for Change? The explosion of information, the movement away from the use of textbooks the increased concern for learning styles, advances in instructional and information technologies, advocacy for cooperative learning and collaborative teaching are factors that increase the complexity in planning for instruction. These factors bring a need for teamwork with a librarian. There is no one better able to bring about change than a librarian working in partnership with administration, staff and students. With more sources of information, both print and electronic. The critical issue for institution in the face of these changes is implementation. Faculties have to attempt to include curriculum integration, resources-based learning, new evaluation practices and technology into their daily teaching. Faculties cannot implement such changes without support comes through collaborative processes. Librarians can contribute to these process by drawing on knowledge and skills gained in implementing library programs. They are in good position to nurture collaborative working relationships among staff, across the grads and the curriculum.

What Should The 21st Century Librarian Be Like:- 21st century libraries heap new task upon a librarian. Modern librarians are crucial now

for not only their high level of expertise, but also for being able to associate with the modern individuals‘ personality. A 21

st century librarian must be modern, with acquiring psychological, social and professional capabilities. A modern librarian is open to innovations and change. He/ She has an eager and interested attitude towards solutions because of the fast-paced, constantly evolving nature of changes in libraries. A modern librarian, can develop modern characteristics throughout ones professional career even after many years of work, one does not need to be young to be modern. A librarian must be aware of technological developments and be proficient in new technologies. Librarians play a role of psychologists, because they are challenged to distinguish the users need appropriately and help the user specify them. A modern librarian should also be qualified in terms of sources of information and using them, not to mention keeping up with constantly changing information sources. A librarian should also be equipped with general knowledge, to enable him to be conversant in a multimedia subjects. The current model librarians‘ university training is directed towards improvement in the scope of scientific

information. Self-improvement and training.

Role Of Librarian In Information Society:- Technology is changing the nature of libraries and librarians and it continues to exert a

major influence on the strategic direction of libraries in society. Librarians are important as a professional group and their role is not limited to passing books. Modern library staff works towards winning new readers, similar to commercial organizations winning customers. Readers






may or may not to be aware of their information needs. The role of librarian consists in comforting the users inland supporting them so that they can overcome their own fears about being in the library. The knowledge of psychology pertaining to customer services is extremely important in the process of the librarian‘s in-service training.

Librarians must be computer literate and knowledge about internet to fully participate in the planning, design and implementation of future library services. The way, librarian goes about their work and the tools that they use have changed in the decade. Today librarian plays many roles in order to accomplish these goals-as a teacher, as a curriculum leader, as a instructional leader, as a information specialist, as a collaborator. Followings the roles of librarian. 1. The role of librarian as a Information Specialist:- Librarian possess a unique knowledge of breadth and depth of information resources in various subjects specialist. By facilitating access to information finding it, analyzing, synthesizing and packing-librarians, would move to beginning of the information production cycle, playing a more substantial role in the information creation possess? 2. The role of librarian as Knowledge Manager:- the librarian should have following types of knowledge.

Knowledge about the emerging library trends and technologies Knowledge about library information sources, products and services.

Knowledge about where these sources stored and what is its use. What is current usage of these sources and how to increase its uses?

Knowledge about users including teaching staff and researcher and who is using their information sources

3. Role of the librarian in E-Trends:- librarian purchase different types and varieties of electronics publication taking in view their nature and characteristics and for all this library need special skill which includes knowledge in the fields of computer, networking, digital sources, web sites and organization of data. 4. Role of librarian as a Marketing Officer:- librarian will have to bring the user and the information together which can be successfully done by the marketing of information products and services. Today‘s many ways to put marketing program by keeping on-line bulletin boards and displaying the new acquisition on the internet. 5. Information Literacy and librarian:- Information literacy is the ability to recognize the need for information and to identify, locate, access, evaluate and effectively use the information to address and help resolve personal, job related or broader social issues and problems. 6. Role of the librarian as a Manager:- Libraries are the centers for information, librarians should have acquired management skills, so that the interpersonal relationship should be maintained.

Conclusion:- Libraries and librarian can play a critical role both in making their users information

literate and bridge the digital divide that exists at local, regional or national levels. In the changed environment, the librarian‘s role has to shift from that of information locater to that of

an information evaluator and instructor in the use and evaluation of information sources. Librarians are compelled to update their knowledge & IT skills in advanced IT environment. It






implies the fact that man can only develop after have been acquired an ideal education. In addition, it is the result of IT that the role of librarian was totally changed. References:-

Mishra, K.C.; 21st Century library management,2004 (New Delhi; ESS ESS publication) Patil, S.K. and Desponded, N.; University and college librarianship in India in the 21st

Century. Ed. by 2004. Sadhana, S. ―Role of academic librarian in present scenario: LIS Study Circle

Conference paper Sixth State Level Conference Amravati, 2007.p.37-39 Sagre, G.D. and Kamble, A. ―Librarians Role and Task in the 21

st Century‖ : National

Level Conference on Innovative Best Practices in Library and information Science, 2009.Akola. p.29

Sehgal,R.L. ; Information Technology For Librarians. p.167 Somvir and Yadav, S. ―Role of Librarian in the 21

st Century‖ : Library & Information

Science in the Digital Era, 55th ILA Library Conference Proceedings, New Delhi, 2010. P.80-88.






Use of Qr Code Technology in Library

Dr. Avinash Uttamrao Jadhao Librarian ,

Smt. Savitabai Uttamrao Deshmukh Mahavidyalay, Digras Tq. Digras Dist. Yavatmal (MH)

Email: [email protected] Contact No: 9764535179

Abstact:

A library should try to keep up with the digital world through various technologies in this modern age. Users„ of the present days especially the new generation students are having information in just one click. They became more used to retrieving information from the internet then a tradition library. As each generation becomes more in tune with the internet, their desire to retrieve information as quickly and easily as possible has increased. For them, finding information by simply searching the internet could be much easier and faster than reading an entire book. So libraries must update their techniques time to time accordingly and with the necessity of the future users. In this article, three modern technology initiatives in the library i.e. Barcode, QR code and RFID were discussed. These are becoming very useful technology not only to serve the users but for library security also. The overall technology, its uses, advantages, challenges of using these technologies were also discussed here.

Introduction: In the last two decades, libraries are facing tremendous changes as the modern tools and

technologies have grown rapidly. Library materials are also changing quickly to the various digital formats from the traditional print formats. Information/knowledge has been creating and publishing from every sector of humankind. Document types are also not limited to books and periodicals. Various types of materials out there like- image, audio, video, painting, artefacts, three-dimensional, software, and much more. These materials are also available with various file formats so that, one information can be used in many ways. Lastly, the internet has opened the door to reach anything or anybody from anywhere with just a single click. So, managing this huge amount of resources becomes more challenging day by day. Implementing various software is becoming a way to maintain these resources like automation, digitisation, content management, e-resource management and much more.These software are handling as well as managing all types of housekeeping works in the library like- procuring materials, acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, controlling serials, digitising, archiving-retrieving, providing service to the users‗ and so on. Barcode, QR Code and RFID are some technology by which store and

retrieval of resources got easier and also very important for security purpose of the resources.

Need for these Technologies: Libraries are going automated or digitised now a day. Users have very less time to find

out a piece of information from an entire content. So, these technologies are very important for providing quick and pinpointed services.

Keep up-to-date with the modern technical initiatives. To improve access more quickly from inside the library as well as from outside the

library at any time.







To improve the working efficiency

More sharing and use of materials. Cost saving. Maintaining through software is very easy.

Easy to reproduce. Can create hyperlinks for more similar materials

QR codes generation: Creating a single QR code is a simple process. There are many free QR code generators

available; regularly use is the Kaywa QR code generator. This code generator allows four different content types, a URL, text, phone number, or SMS and a choice of four sizes small, medium, large, or extra-large. Creating a code is as simple as choosing a content type, adding your URL or other data, and clicking the ―generate‖ button. The QR code is immediately created and can be copied, saved, or embedded. An easy-to-use Google Chrome QR code extension allows one to create a QR code while visiting any URL in one easy click. A QR code is instantly generated and pops down from the corner of the browser‘s address bar, with an option to save to

disk or share on Facebook.

Use of QR codes in Libraries: Librarians and staff in large research universities, small liberal arts institutions, public libraries, and museums are experimenting and discovering useful ways to implement QR codes in both their physical and online libraries. ―Library Success: A Best Practices Wiki‖ has a QR

Codes page and is one place where librarians and others can share and link to how their libraries are using QR codes. The wiki provides a great way to find ideas and learn from each other. Examples of QR code uses in libraries include: Library exhibits that include a QR code link to songs, videos, Web sites, surveys, contests,

etc. or other information that augments the exhibits.

Codes in the library stacks/end caps or magazine/journal areas that point to online electronic holdings of print materials or related subject guides.

Linking to library audio tours for orientations.

Code added to print handouts for additional information on mobile friendly sites. QR code with text that loads the library‘s text message reference service and other contact

Information into the patron‘s phone.

Art shows or permanent art in libraries with a QR code linking to the artists Web sites. In catalogue records to offer patrons basic info about an item, including the location and call

Number. Users can scan the code and head to the stacks rather than writing or printing.

Taped to video/DVD cases, linking to mobile-friendly video trailers. Code placed on staff directory pages and research guides that go to mobile friendly sites for

later reference. Code placed on audio book cases for author interviews or books for reviews. Code placed on study room doors connecting to room reservation forms.

Library video tutorials—individual videos or create a QR code to a YouTube playlists of videos, which create a great mobile home screen app that can be saved for easy access, as needed.






Process of generating QR codes: The process of generating QR Codes is very simple. There are many QR code generators

easily available on the web. Steps for generating QR code for any document 1. First one need to select QR code generator website (ex.: https://www.the-qrcode- generator.com/)

2. Need to select one of the desired navigation tools (like PDF, URL, images, text, MP3 etc.)

3. Click at Save Option 4. Now file is ready to download and save it appears like this

SGBAU Library

Benefits of using QR Code technology: Open source technology, available free of cost Simple implementation process and user friendly technology. Users do not need special

knowledge for using QR code, only required any smart phones with QR code scanner.






QR code are also being used in providing Document Delivery Services by academic libraries It is also helpful in increasing information literacy and technology literacy among library

users It enables to connect users with library resources like Web-OPAC, Institutional Digital

Repository, Library website, E-Resources, Library Guide, New Arrivals and others useful resources of the library without wasting the time of users

Large storage data capacity in small space When awareness increase towards this technology, it will become an interesting technology

among library user community and helpful to achieving library goals.

Limitations of QR code technology: QR code technology only effective when users have a smart phone with QR code reader and

internet facility. Awareness among users toward QR code technology is also essential.

Conclusion: Libraries are known as a treasure house of knowledge by having its high quality and rich

information resources which are freely provided for academic user community. With the increase use of mobile technology, library shall implement mobile based QR code technology to connect user community with information resources. This technology reflects greater impact on academic community. Although the future of QR codes is not clear right now, QR codes are being used in increasingly larger numbers across the India especially for cashless transaction. Now QR codes have appeared in magazines, newspapers, cashless shopping, retail stores and several other places. QR codes will not replace any technology however efficient uses of these QR codes can enhance the user experience at large and alter how interacts with the academic libraries, the librarians and the library collection. References:

Ashford, Robin. (2010). QR codes and academic libraries: Reaching mobile users, College and Research Libraries News. 71 (10), Pp 526-530

Bruce E. Massis, (2011),"QR codes in the library", New Library World, Vol. 112 Iss 9/10 pp. 466 –469

http://www.qrcode.com/en/about/standards.html

http://www.qrcode.com/en/history/ Pathak S.K (2017), ― Application of QR Code Technology in providing Library and

Information Services in Academic Libraries: A Case Study‖. Schultz, M.K. (2013), A case study on the appropriateness of using quick response (QR)

codes in libraries and museums, Library & Information Science Research. Walsh A. (2010). QR Codes – using mobile phones to deliver library instruction and help

at the point of need. Journal of information literacy, 4(1), pp. 55-64.

http://www.qrcode.com/en/about/standards.html

http://www.qrcode.com/en/history/






Current Trends in Library Science

Dr. Dipali Deshmukh Librarian

Smt. P.D. Patil College of social work,Khadki(Bu),Akola Abstract

There is a growing interest in using new sources for data personalising and learning experience and for performance measurement. The education field has been always involved in developing and using innovative assessment techniques and tool The articles finds that academic libraries are responding to the emerging trends in higher innovative practices and services. It concludes that in spite of their efforts, there is still scope for the academic libraries to improve their role in the changing scenario and to prove their value

Introduction The world itself is a changing phenomenon. Everything in it keeps changing. Therefore, it is

said that change is the only constant phenomenon. The emerging educational technologies, including internet, web technology, computer-based educational games, wearable data capturing devices, software and hardware developments are all forcing changes in the every facet.

New trends of Reference Services : By today, library services have dramatically changed in response to the changing needs

of the society. Also, the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have made a great impact on that. Certainly, these technologies have revolutionized access to information in libraries of all kinds and sizes (Bopp and Smith, 2001). Library reference services also have undergone significant changes as a result of the new trends & developments in ICT New trends of reference interview Collaborative Digital Reference Services (CDRS); and Non-library based information services

New trends of Reference Sources ; Reference librarians must be able to respond to a variety of questions ranging from

ready-reference to research type, depending on the needs expressed by library users. Information resources most frequently used by reference librarians, in answering for these reference questions, are called ―reference sources‖. Dictionaries, directories, encyclopedias, handbooks, manuals, yearbooks are few to name as examples.

Information resources most frequently used by reference librarians, in answering for these reference questions, are called ―reference sources‖. Dictionaries, directories,

encyclopedias, handbooks, manuals, yearbooks are few to name as examples for reference sources. Thus reference sources are key players of library reference services, few examples for reference sources. Thus reference sources are key players of library reference services.

This face-to-face reference transaction has been changed into an online transaction as a result of ICTs. Reference interaction in the Online environment is called as Digital Reference Services (also known as Virtual/ Online Reference Services). They use different technologies such as e-mail, Web forms, Chat, Video conferencing, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).






These services are popularly known as „Ask A‟ services. Example: Ask a Librarian Service of Library of Congress

Web Form based reference interaction: This is a service usually introduced through the Library Website. User has to fill out an

online inquiry form on the library website including his/her question and click the submit button. The message is sent to the librarians‟ mail account. Academic library‟s responses:

The growing ubiquity of social media can be used by libraries for creating awareness about the library‘s usefulness in teaching-learning activity. It can also be used for imparting information literacy skills. Some efforts are already made in this direction. For example, Colburn and Haines2 studied how libraries are using YouTube for outreach purposes. For this study the authors identified and analysed library promotional videos on YouTube and found that library professionals comprise a significant portion of viewers for library promotional videos. The authors suggested that libraries can increase viewership of the intended audience by frequently and strategically featuring online video contents on websites, local or campus communication vehicles and social media environments. Del Bosque, Lief & Skarl3 explored the usefulness of social media in libraries and for library professionals. TheyAcademic libraries are also responding to the emerging online, hybrid and collaborative learning by developing information commons. Learning commons, creative commons, learning landscapes, research commons, etc., are some other terms used to refer to the facility of information commons.

Students produce information by way of their research articles and project reports. Libraries can help students in producing and publishing information produced by them. Evidence shows that libraries are actively helping students to publish their research. For example, Hensley, et al.24 conducted a survey of library support for formal undergraduate research programmes and found that libraries are strongly supporting students for disseminating undergraduate research. The researchers believed that this has given libraries an opportunity to provide information literacy instructions to engage undergraduate researchers on issues of intellectual property, copyright, open access etc. Another exciting initiative is the Library Publishing

Academic libraries are also responding to the emerging online, hybrid and collaborative learning by developing information commons. Learning commons, creative commons, learning landscapes, research commons, etc., are some other terms used to refer to the facility of information commons.

In fact these different names indicate that information commons are developed to serve the emerging online, hybrid, and collaborative learning situations. With information commons, libraries are able to provide computers with internet facility, discussion space for students, research scholars and faculties. Considering the value of information commons in collaborative learning, faculties are also cooperating and collaborating with librarians in developing and using information commons Like the teaching community, libraries also serve students. Students learn from teaching community. Similarly, they learn from library‘s reading material and information

services. As such, like teachers, libraries should be able to use ‗student‘s library use data‘ to

measure student‘s learning performance. It is now the turn of academic libraries to convert themselves in to ‗flipped libraries‘ i.e.

libraries offering flexible service hours, flexible membership regulations, off campus access, etc.






The flexible approach in every facet of librarianship will help libraries to respond the emerging flipped classroom trend positively. Librarians too have to be in flipped roles. In their flipped roles they will have to simultaneously serve as ‗database search experts‘, ‗reading

advisors/consultants‘, ‗advisors for ethical use of literature‘, ‗publishing advisors‘, ‗information

source advisor‘ ‗data curators‘, etc. It is inevitable that no library can meet all the needs of its

users. This is common to the Library reference services as well. A library cannot individually answer all the questions asked at the reference desk due to the non-availability of relevant reference sources, time constraints, lack of expertise, etc. On the other hand, a library cannot simply turn down a users‟ query based on above reasons. Therefore, collaboration is needed among libraries especially with regard to answering the reference questions.

Conclusion: The article reviews and discusses academic library‘s current and expected response to the

emerging trends This review and discussions will be useful to the academic library practitioners in understanding the emerging technological trends. It will also help them assess their current position and plan their future responses. The discussions will be of value to the library practitioners in designing and implementing befitting technology literacy programmes for faculties and students in colleges and universities, and will also be useful to the library and information science educators in revising their curricula to cope up with the emerging technological trends in academic libraries. The LIS educators can make use of these discussions to explore new teaching and assessment techniques. Libraries as usual are serving the changed needs of the higher education students and teachers and they are simultane References: 1. Olsgaard, John N., aid Olsgaard, Jane Kinch. ―Authorship in Five Library Periodicals.‖

College L+ Resrarch Libraries 41(Jan. 1980):49. 2. Even such articles as Graham Jones‘s contribution to journal criticism have not alleviatcd

this lack of information. Jones, Graham. ―This Incredible Stream of Garbage: the Library

Journals, 1876-1975.‖ The Indexer 10(April 1976):9-14. 3. Perit, B.C. ―Research in Library Science as Reflected in the Core Journals of the Profession:

A Quantitative Analysis (1950- 1975).‖ Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1977. 4. Now, Martyvonnr M. ―A Quantitative Analysis of the Research Articles Published in Core

Library Journals of 1980.‖ Library & Information Science Research 7(July/Sept. 1985):261-73.

5. Bloomfield, Masse. ―.4 Quantitative Study of the Publishing characteristics of Librarians.‖

Drexel Library Quarterly 15(July 1979):25-49. 6. Olsgaard, and Olsgaard, ―Authorship in Five Library Periodicals,‘‘ pp. 49-53. 7. damson, Martha C;., and Zaniora, Gloria J. ―Publishing in Library Science Journals: A Test

of the Olsgaard Profile.‖ College & Research Libraries 42(May 1981):235






Application of Social Media in Academic Libraries

Dr. Prabhakar S. Mohe, Librarian, Shri Ganesh Arts College, Kumbhari, Akola.

[email protected]

Abstract : At present day in this twenty-first century we are living in virtual world and Library and informational science professional‟s need to use social networking sites for academic users. Information communication technology playing a major role in transmitting idea, thought and information between one to another. Social networking websites are a good example of communication network. Social media enable human relationships through technology. Social networking sites have made a new platform for individuals to communicate, sharing information and interact with worldwide audience for organizations. Several libraries are using social networks to engage their users in the online environment. This research paper focuses on the changes in the library environment through Social Media.

Keywords: Academic Libraries, Social Networks, Facebook ,Twitter, Blogs, You-Tube, WhatApps and Flicker.

Introduction: The evolution of social media and social networking sites is undeniably one of the most impressive aspects of the internet in recent years. Social media enable human relationships through technology. Moreover, social media can be used everywhere from education to business and various other fields. The last decade has seen an increase in the rise of social media sites like Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Youtube and WhatsApps which enable members to share information about themselves, photos and video and to connect to other members of the website (Pfeil, Arjan and Zaphiris, 2009).

Many university libraries now keep their students up-to-date on new acquisitions, upcoming workshops and classes, and changes to opening hours via social networking sites, such as Facebook and Twitter. According to Gensler (2016, p.2) ―in a digital age, students see the library as an essential part of their college experience, and see this role continuing as they look to the future. Crawford and Gorman (1995) on the other hand argue that libraries are the places where recorded knowledge and meaningful information is preserved, while the web provides access to unfiltered information. Social networking sites are also offering different focuses, designs and features for their users.

Social Networking sites are changing Library Environment: Academic library and information centres are applying the new technologies and trends

to build their library services popular and user friendly. The present idea of a library as substantial place where users can visit to get information is quickly changing to a social cyberspace where users contact, communicate and contribute to existing information. Library services through modern technology are making new instinctive tools, continuous change, flexibility and evaluation while encouraging user posting, sharing, cooperation, communication, and personalization.






Social networks provide enhanced right to use information. It puts the library where the users are. It enables users to share their knowledge and in turn, helps bring others into the library. It helps simply to post future events or book exhibition. These types of postings rapidly increase when users share the information with their friends through their social networking sites channels. This opportunity helps to promoting library services and activities.

Why use social media in the library? Social media can be powerful information dissemination tools and offer a way for

libraries to promote their activities, resources and services while allowing a two way dialogue with stakeholders. 1. Cost and ease of use

Setting up accounts and getting started is easy and free. Patrons use the same tools in their social and work life so social media fit in with the workflow and expectations of many users., it is much harder to measure something intangible like social media.. 2. Communication with patrons

Social media offers an accessible way to engage with patrons and potential patrons, particularly the elusive younger generation or ‗digital natives‘ who are now entering the

workplace having grown up in a culture of sharing information, inviting others to contribute and contributing to online discussions. 3. Marketing and promotion

For many organizations social media tools are used primarily as part of their marketing and promotion activities. For libraries this enables them to communicate additions to collections, promote exhibitions, talks and so on. Social media can only promote what is feed into it. 4. A way to improve customer service

With so much focus on social media for marketing and broadcasting we overlook the participatory nature of social media. Social media are frequently seen as tools for marketing motion but they also offer the chance to improve customer service issues and complaints. Social media allow an organization to monitor what‘s being said about them and respond to positive (and particularly negative) feedback quickly. There are now numerous platforms which offer these services although libraries need to consider who is responsible for this activity and how much time to devote to this as this hidden cost and rise.

Various social media use in the library 1.Facebook 2. Twiter 3. Blogs 4. YouTube 5. WhatsApp 6. Other Social Media

1. Facebook Facebook has surpassed all other social networking opportunities in attractiveness while reaching out to a seemingly never ending user-base. And students, Teachers, and parents are using Facebook. Library Facebook pages are used to exposes library events, news updates and encouraging library services, information and resources.






Those libraries that do use Facebook do so mainly for marketing the library: they deliver announcements to library users, post photos and provide chat reference. These librarians have positive perceptions about their libraries‘ presence on Facebook.

Facebook is one of the most visited websites in the world.. Facebook is freely accessible to the users and having most useful ways to promoting library services and activities. Its focuses on the users to use of resources and access to library materials from everywhere in the world. Facebook offers live chatting and discussion queries in group pages, these sites Increase education/ Knowledge opportunity. Its substitute to printed information in libraries and users can get new information easily. Facebook has many ways to encourage user group to present feedback and to engage with others in online area. Facebook is not only helpful for existing library users, but attracts new users to visit library and to use services. 2. Twitter Twitter is the one of the fastest developing social network in the world. Information dissemination is the primary goal of Twitter program run by the library. Twitter offers quick and efficient tools for information sharing; information professionals should also think about implementation of Twitter in library. Twitter is social networking site which provides users to make an individual account and leave short public messages. Nowadays several libraries have already adopted and started experimenting with Twitter profile as an outreach tool to share library information, library events, and resources links with their users. Users can also commonly use Twitter as an exact platform to ask a query about a library service, request, or technical problem, and practically expect a sequence of answers in reply.

Libraries use Twitter for a various reasons, operational issues such as opening and closing times, or to showcase activities and new additions to collections and responding to questions and feedback. So librarian should update everyday new information to the users. Twitter subsists for Smartphone‘s and tablets as well, it provides users to an opening to library

users across multiple platforms. Twitter presents a useful way to alert clients to changes in policies, upcoming events and other important notices. 3. Blogs Blogs are the natural for librarians. These are an extension of what we already do: identify, organize, and make information accessible in libraries. They give us an opportunity to be more responsive, to reach out to the faculty and students via our library blogs to highlight news, post student/faculty book reviews and invite comments, announce events, list new acquisitions, etc. Blogs are a simple and efficient way for librarians to stay informed and for libraries to disseminate information in a timely manner. Like other development, the Blog is also approaching library science to think about its uses. As far as the advantages of blogs in libraries are concerned, they can be used in following ways: In current awareness service, blog can be used to highlight news or resources of interest; and to post book reviews from students, faculty and the staff members; To list new acquisitions and to announce library news and events. Using of systems such as RSS technology is another blog application in libraries for selective dissemination of information. 4. YouTube

Not surprisingly it is more difficult to post decent quality videos than static images and statistics for YouTube are varied. One of the largest advantages of using YouTube is the ability






to upload videos of anything you like in any format. According to an article in Slate magazine, ―To post your own video, sign up for a free account and go to the Upload page. 5. Whatsapp:

Libraries can use these technologies to improve their services. Libraries can provide a wide array of services to interested users on Whatsapp: Current Awareness Services (CAS) services assist the library users in keeping up-to-date with latest document additions in the library Library staff can take pictures of the book or journal along with table of content and send it to the library user. A user will aware about his library collection development without going into the library. 6. Other Social Media In addition to the platforms mentioned it is relevant to discuss other social media which are used by libraries. The photo sharing site Flickr is widely used by many libraries as it is a superb channel to display photographic collections. Flickr is a photo management service that allows you to upload and share high quality photos, connect with friends, and stay in touch.. Flickr is best used for uploading, sharing, and viewing clear, sharp images as compared to other photo-sharing sites, such as Instagram. Pinterest (pinterest.com) is a relatively new social media platform which was founded in 2010. Pinterest acts like a virtual pinboard allowing users to organise and share images around themes, hobbies or activities such as crafts or even weddings. No libraries in the sample are using this platform at the time of writing although there are images of libraries posted to the site by members of the Pinterest.

Conclusion In the present age of information, the use of internet increases rapidly. The future

of the internet depends upon social medias ,the mobile technology because of the rapid increase of mobile users. It is the golden opportunity for the libraries and other information institutions to implement internet and mobile based services. There are many tools and techniques through which libraries can easily provide services through internet and mobile technology. Facebook ,Twitter, Blogs, You Tube, WhatApps and Flicker applications which can be used in libraries for delivering various services the world of social media. References

1. Aharony, N. (2010), ―Twitter use in libraries: an exploratory analysis‖, Journal of Web 2. Anand Y. Kenchakkanavar. (2015 )Facebook and Twitter for Academic Libraries in the

Twenty First Century International Research: Journal of Library & Information Science | Vol.5 No.1,

3. Berube. (2011). Do You Web 2.0? Public Libraries and Social Networking pp30. Chandos Publishing. Cambs.

4. Crawford, W. and Gorman, M., (1995). Future Libraries: Dreams, Madness and Reality, p.5. American Library Association, Chicago, IL.

5. Dickson, Andrea, & Holley, Robert P. (2010). Social networking in academic libraries: The possibilities and the concerns. New Library World, 111(11–12), 468–479.

6. Dhiman, A.K. and Rani, Yashoda.( 2007). Resource Sharing, Networking and Library & Information Networks. Ess Ess Publications, New Delhi.






7. Gensler, (2015). Students on Libraries: Students views on the academic library of today 8. and tomorrow, p.2. [pdf]. Available at: <

https://www.gensler.com/uploads/document/485/file/GenslerResearch_LibrariesAreFor Studying_lores_2016.pdf > [Date of access: 19/05/2017].

9. Kaplan, Haenlein (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. P 61. Business Horizons (2010) 53, 59—68.

10. Pfeil, U., Arjan, R., and Zaphiris, P. (2009). Age differences in online social networking 11. A study of user pages and the social capital divide among teenagers and older users in

MySpace. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(3), pp. 643-654.

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https://www.gensler.com/uploads/document/485/file/GenslerResearch_LibrariesAreForStudying_lores_2016.pdf






Quality Management in Libraries And Impact of ICT

Dinesh T. Sakhare Librarian

Smt. Kesharbai Lahoti Mahavidyalaya, Amravati. [email protected]

Abstract :

Libraries are ideal places to implement Quality Management. They are service organizations dedicated to their customers, the patrons. By formulating a strategic plan, and following it with a commitment to continuous quality improvement, library managers can transform and improve their organizations.

Today, libraries are functioning under constantly changing environment and face a variety of complex challenges like information explosion, IT revolution, network evolution, shrinking library budgets, escalating prices of documents, high level of user expectations, availability of information resources in diverse media and so on. IT offers a wide range of opportunities, which could provide solutions to some of these major challenges. Rapid advances in modern technologies have greatly improved the capabilities of storage, processing, retrieval, repackaging, communicating, sharing, and managing the explosive growth of information effectively and economically in libraries. Use of IT in libraries has become inevitable in an era of information explosion and the emergence of a wide range of new technologies in order to satisfy the changing complex information needs of users. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of quality management in the library and the impact of ICT on libraries.

Introduction : Nowadays academic libraries need to be ahead of other information service providers to

ensure their existence. They need to know their users‘ needs and whishes, have to work

effectively and efficiently, and especially should be able to anticipate the future of information services and management.

In this modern world the art of Management has become a part and parcel of everyday life, be it at home, in the office or factory an in Government Management is a systematic way of carrying our activities in any field of human effort. Peter Drucker says ―It‘s task is to make

people capable of joint performance, to make their weakness irrelevant.‖ It creates harmony in

working together – equilibrium in thoughts and actions, goals and achievements, plans and performance, products & markets. It resolves situations of scarcity, be they in the physical, technical or human fields, through maximum utilization with minimum available processes to achieve the goal. Lack of management causes disorder, confusion, wastage, delay, destruction and even depression. Managing men, money and materials in the best possible ways, according to circumstances and environment is the most important and essential factor for a successful management. It should literally transform how people think and help them finally realize the-potential of a truly universal knowledge that is wisdom.2

Today‘s Libraries attempt to meet the need of diverse and complex group of user, who have wide-ranging interest and complex set of demands. Historically, fundamental aim of libraries was to formulate a philosophy of intellectual freedom and to provide access to print information. vary valuable resource of information available on the internet and the through






other electronic database. and library are currently playing role very different from before. Not only libraries continue to collect and provide access to printed material , but also they have to manage the ever-increasing amount of electronic resources . Owing to an increase use of on-line indexes, database and of course, the internet, the role of libraries has changed. Today‘s changing and extremely advancing technological environment requires everything to be advanced. To cope with this type of environment every field is suppose to accept the fact and implement new emerging technology in it. So is the case of Libraries. A digitally advanced library and the use of Information Technology will provides every possible requirement of its technically advanced users. DL and I.T will have no boundaries of time, space, geographical area, and racial discrimination between people for accessing the information. One can access the Digital Library from a remote area or from some other country also and at a very cheaper rate. The nature of the academic library and the role they play in campus is changing. Libraries are moving towards an information commons model of service, and becoming campus community centers. They invite student and faculty socialization, learning, research, scholarship and instruction. They are most effective when programming, services, and spaces are developed in partnership with others seeking similar educational outcomes.

Definition of Management :- ―It is an art of getting things done through and, with people in formally organized groups.‖3 Library Management :-

ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science defined ―Library Management as the process of coordinating total resources of an organization towards the accomplishment of desired goals of that organization through the execution of a group of inter-related functions such as planning, organization, staffing, directing & controlling.‖4 Library is non-profit making institution so it is necessary that finances be properly managed, General principles of management are applicable to library management. Administrators are regarded as superior class of people in the hierarchy who formulates goals, objectives as well as procedures where as managers are executives, who executives the policies and programmes decided by the administrators.5

Libraries in ICT Environment Libraries are changing dramatically by adopting new means of technology in all activities of print to e-environment like printed library card catalogues have been replaced by computerized OPAC system with a variety of web-based graphical user interface (GUI) functions, online accessibility for 24/7, availability of numerous e-databases, e-journals, information resources, services for users. To face the new information explosion, academic libraries will have to meet even more challenges and opportunities to serve students, faculty, staff, scholars and other users, all with much expectations and many more demands triggered by the growth of emerging and cutting edge technologies in academic learning environments. (Li). Academic libraries are adopting emerging and cutting edge technologies, new array of services with packaging and repackaging according to the needs and demands but still many specific functions have to be inducted to really justify the essence of service oriented philosophy. The new roles of an library in present era can be seen as :






Gateways to Information A library has to function as a central gateway for library users to access, locate,

transform, and utilize information resources in a variety of printed and electronic formats via applications, databases, networks, platforms and systems. (Ibid).

Learning Centre A library has to provide library users with dynamic equipment, facilities, resources and

services to support their learning activities, which cover assignments, presentations, projects, research papers, reports, etc. (Ibid).

Training Centre A library shall provide best supporting and training facilities to faculty and instructors for

designing, developing, integrating and implementation of various teaching courses, programmes, workshops including support for distance learning programmes.

Digital library Digital libraries are electronic libraries in which large numbers of geographically

distributed users can access the contents of large and diverse repositories of electronic objects - networked text, images, maps, sounds, videos, catalogues of merchandise, scientific, business and government data sets - they also include hypertext, hypermedia and multimedia compositions (Yerkey and J orgensin, 1996).

Digital Library Services: Librarian is a professionally trained person responsible for the care of a library and its

contents, including the selection, processing and organization of resources and the delivery of information, instruction and loan service to meet the needs of its users. In an online environment, the role of the librarian is to manage and mediate access to information that may exist only in electronic form.

In the present electronic environment, academic librarians are required to work independently or as a team to deliver service-oriented and user-centered applications, instructions, programmes, projects and services. In addition to general qualification and requirements, a commitment to excellent usercentered services, effective oral and written communications, as well as team collaborator must also possess additional capabilities, experience, knowledge and skills.

The emerging global digital libraries or world-wide digital information centers generate the need for creating a new job-title "digital librarian" to manage their digital knowledge resources. Digital Library Services provides a wide array of services to assist members of the library with organizing collections of materials or making them more widely available. the following services offered by the Digital Libraries. � Catalogue Databases, � Current Awareness Bulletins, � Externally Purchased Databases, � CD-ROM Databases, � Remote Information Services, � Internally Published Newsletters, Reports & Journals, � Internet Information Sources Mirroring & Cataloguing, � E-mail,






� Bulletin Board Service, � Netnews system, � Audio and Video Communication, � Electronic Table of Contents, � Electronic Document Delivery Service, � Electronic Theses and Dissertations, � Reference Service, � Electronic Publishing, � Discussion groups and forums � Central storage facilities for Hosting digital collections and indexes � Tools for loading, storing, searching, and displaying digital objects � Special Collections service.

References: 1. Thakur S. (2012) : UGC NET / SET Library & Information science, New edition; New

Delhi : Danika Publishing Company, p-227. 2. Ramesh Babu B. (2010) : Recent Management Techniques : An overview, Proceedings

of National seminar on New Dimensions in Library Management, Aurangabad. (M.S.) : S.B.E.S. College of science; 30th -31st August 2010, p-3.

3. Thakur S. Op.cit.p – 227. 4. Kumar P.S.G. (2002) : A student manual of Library & Information Science, New Delhi :

B.R. Publishing Corporation, p-507. 5. Ibid, p-508 6. Mali Nitin & Deore Abhay (2010) : Total Quality Management in the Academic Library,

Proceeding of National seminar on New Dimensions in Library Management, Aurangabad (M.S.) : S.B.E.S. College of Science ; 30th – 31th August 2010. p -96.

7. Aghav Udhav & Dhakne Balaji (2010): Total Quality Management : for Implementation in Libraries, proceeding of the National seminar on New Dimensions in Library Management, Aurangabad (M.S.) : S.B.E.S. College of Science; 30th -31st August 2010, pp. 90- 91.

8. Conference Proceeding E-Services in Libraries Feb, 2012 9. INFLIBNET Higher Education Community, 2011 10. Verma Kusum (2008) Digital Library and Information developments, vista International

Pub.New Delhi.p. 191-198. 11. www.ifla.org/docments/libraries/net/ar1-dlib txt. 12. International Journal of Information Science and Management vol .7 January/June ,2009 13. Jeevan V.K.J.(2003) Digital Libraries; Ess. Ess. Publications New Delhi p.45-67 14. Adeyemi, A. (2004). Research and Teaching: Beyond the Divide. London: Palgrave. 15. Ayo, C.K. (2001). Information Technology: Trends and Application in Science and

Business. Lagos: Concept Publications 16. Aramide, K.A. & Bolarin, O.M. (2010). Availability and Use of Audiovisual and

Electronic Resources by Distance Learning Students in Nigerian Universities: a Case Study of National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Ibadan Study Centre. Library Philosophy and Practice. . Available at : http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/aramide.htm.

17. http://www.web.simmons.edu/uchen/nit/NIT‟91/145-ort.htm.

http://www.ifla.org/docments/libraries/net/ar1-dlib

http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/aramide.htm

http://www.web.simmons.edu/uchen/nit/NIT'91/145-ort.htm






E-Resources, Concepts and Use: An Overview

Dr.Harshal R.Nimbhorkar Librarian

Narayanrao Rana Mahavidyalaya Badnera Abstract :

Information and communication technology (ICT) has thrown a new challenge to the libraries. The technology has shown a great impact on the services of the libraries. Libraries use ICT for better services and satisfying diverse user needs. Libraries have transformed into digital and virtual libraries where books, journals, and magazines have changed into e-books, e-journals etc.This has increased the global dissemination of information. Electronic resources (e-resources) are easily accessible in the remote areas. The e-resources solve storage problems and control the flood of information. Print sources are being digitised. There is a great need to study the use of e-resources and investigate the factors that are a hindrance to their use, introduction of various types of e-.resources, and databases using agricultural libraries.

Keywords: Internet, e-resources, CDROM, e-journals, e-books, search engines, library portals, agriculture databases.

Introduction: The internet provides access to unlimited sources of information and search engines are continuously being advanced to provide efficient ways to help users to find what they want. The internet eases and increases access to a large amount of data, saves time and money, and provides an opportunity to consult several experts with a single request (via discussion groups), and more independence from specific times and places for information seeking. Technology has penetrated all areas of life. Libraries use information and communication technology (ICT) for better services and satisfying diverse users‘ needs. Libraries have transformed into digital and virtual libraries where

books, journals, and magazines have changed into e-books, e-journals etc. This has increased the global dissemination of information. Electronic resources (e-resources) are easily accessible in the remote areas.

Electronic Resource Concepts An electronic resource is defined as a resource which requires computer access or any

electronic product that delivers a collection of data, be it text referring to full text bases, electronic journals, image collections, other multimedia products and numerical, graphical or time based, as a Commercially available title that has been published with an aim to being marketed. These may be delivered on CD ROM, on tape, via internet and so on. Over the past few years, a numbers of techniques and related standards have been developed which allow documents to be created and distributed in electric form. Hence to cope with the present situation, libraries are shifting towards new media, namely electronic resources for their collection developments that the demands of users are better fulfilled. The e-resources on magnetic and optical media have a vast impact on the collections of university libraries. These are more useful due to inherent capabilities for manipulation and searching, providing information access is cheaper to acquiring information resources, savings in storage and maintenance etc. and sometimes the electronic form is the only alternative.






Types of E-Resources The e-resources are basically dived in two major types are Online e-Resources, which may include: e-Journal (Full Text & Bibliographic) e-Books On-line Databases Bibliographic Databases Numeric and statistical databases Web sites Consortium based e-Resources Off line e-Resources may include: CD-ROM Diskettes Other portable computer databases (Bajpal R.P.et.al)

Meaning Of E-Resources World Wide Web (WWW) facilitates the delivery of electronic content to the libraries and

the desktops of its users. Libraries began acquiring the new online resources with few ideas of where this revolution would be leading. Procedures were developed to fit the small scale of available materials at the time, and then hastily underwent revisions. Online journals were at first merely adjuncts to their print counterparts.

Characteristics Of E-Resources Timely and Instant access to nascent info

any time any where access (24x7) Saves lot of time in terms of publishing, dissemination, usage.

Unlimited simultaneous use Downloading, saving, reading, forwarding and many more. It can be edited as per the user requirement

Up-datedness (Veeranjaneyulu K.et.al)

Definitions Of Electronic Resources ―The phrase ‗electronic resources‘, has broadly been defined as information accessed by a

computer, may be useful as bibliographic guides to potential sources but, as of yet, they infrequently appear as cited references in their own right‖. (Graham S.R.2003) IFLA ISBD , ―An electronic resource consists of materials that are computer-controlled, including materials that required the use of a peripheral (e.g. a CD-ROM player) attached to a computer- the items may or may not be used in the interactive mode. ― (http//:www.ifla.org) Online Dictionary for Library & Information Science (ODLIS) an ―electronic resource is a material

consisting of data and/or computer program(s) encoded for reading and manipulation by a computer, by the use of a peripheral device directly connected to the computer, such as a CD-ROM drive, or remotely via a network, such as the Internet.‖ (http//:www.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_c)

Need For E-Resources The driving force of present day society is information. The information seekers mainly

depend on the information sources which provide instant access to current information for various






applications. With the rapid advancements the user expectations are changing in the same proportion. The field of publishing aims to publish the information in the format as desired by the end-user. Reputed publishers located around the globe have switched over from conventional printing to electronic publishing. In electronic publishing the delivery of information is instant and authentic. Users can browse the resources from anywhere any time i.e., 24 X 7 accesses.

Advantages Of E-Resources The reasons for actually embarking on the purchasing of electronic resources are

generally accepted because of the ease of usability, readability, affordability and accessibility. The following are the advantages of e-resources over the print media Accessible – can be accessed from any computer on campus and usually any computer off campus, any time of the day or night, so there is no need to make a trip to the library Easily searchable - each journal can be searched quick and easy often through the complete full text of articles and via online index Speed - Articles/issues appear online before printed version is available Interactive - Rapid turnaround time means articles can be read, commented by the readers, amended quickly and greater feedback thru the web Links - Hypertext format should be exploited and links to related articles, information on other web sites, stable URLs for individual articles and email alerts when latest issue loaded. Functionality: E-resource will allow the user to approach the publications to analyze its content in new ways by click of the mouse on search mode. Content: The e- resources can contain a vast amount of information, but more importantly the material can consist of mixed media i.e. images, video, audio animation which could not be replaced in print.

Web OPAC The development of ICT has influenced the implementation of OPAC available through

internet. By searching and browsing online library catalogue, the end users can directly order or transmit request directly to the Web OPAC available at different University Libraries.

CD-ROM Databases CDROM databases provide mainly abstracting and indexing services. Those are the most

cost effective tools for information storage and retrieval. Information can be stored in different formats such as text, audio, video etc. Searches can be made through author, subject, Journal Title, Publisher etc. Boolean operators like AND, OR, NOT can be used to refine searches. Those CDROM databases not only minimize subscription cost but also facilitate quick and speedy search/Some of the important CDROM databases of Agriculture are AGRIS, AGRICOLA, CAB abstracts etc

e-ShodhSindhu e-ShodhSindhu merging three consortia intatiatives, namely UGC INFONET Digital Library Consortium NLIST and INDEST-AICTE Consortium. The e-ShodhSindhu will continue to provide current as well as archival access to more than 15,000 core and prereviwed journal and a number of bibliographic, citation and factual databases in different disciplines from a large no of publishers and aggregators to its members Institutions. Universities and colleges that are






cover under 12 (B)and 2(f)Sections of the UGC Act .The main objectives provide access to subscription based scholarly information e-books and e journals to all educational institutions. ( www.inflibnet.ac.in)

Conclusions:- The role of information and communication technology (ICT) and internet technology through library users can access various types of electronic resources accessed available on the web.such as e-journals, e-books,e-databases etc.. The major advantages of e-resources in library and information centers to provide better efficient and effectively information to end user and satisfied Dr.S.R.Ranganathans fourth law of library science which is save the time of library user. References:- Graham S.R.(2003) ‗Historians and electronics resources: a citation analysis‟ JAHC vol.3 http//:www.crl.du.ac.in/ical09/papers/index files/ical-85_83_195_2_RV.pdf2 08 http://www.ifla.org. Accessed on 23.08.2014 Mete M.et al.(2012).State Level Conference on ‗Electronics Services in Libraries‟ organized by shri shivaji arts and commerce college Amravati in collaboration with vidrabha library association (VLA),25th feb.2012.P.109. Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science available on http//:www.abc-clio.com/ Veeranjaneyulu K et.al.(2012) ‗Library Services In the knowledge Web‟ New Delhi, New India Publication Agency,Pp.43-46 http//:www.inflibnet.ac.in accessed on 05 01 2019






Role of RFID In Library

Dr. R. R. Dhuldhule Dr. Vilas P. Ubhale Librarian Librarian Milind Mahavidyalaya, Mulawa Smt. Salunkabai Raut College Tal. Umrkhed Distt. Yavatmal Wanoja Distt. Washim [email protected] [email protected] Mob. 7588590460 Mob. 9422683587 Abstract:

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification system like barcode, smart cards etc. Which helps machines in identifying objects. It consists of a transponder or a tag, which has an embedded integrated circuits (IC) and an antenna. The IC is encrypted with a unique electronic product code. The antenna allows the tag to receive and respond to radio frequency quires from RFID transceiver. In digital libraries RFID plays a crucial role in checking the catalogues and alloying the users to pass by card readers that automatically updates the comp0uter system by synchronizing the ID information on users library card with the book and indicating that the book has been checked out.

Introduction: RFID systems have been used in libraries for book identification for self check-out and

for conveying of library books and AV materials. These application can lead to significant savings in labour cost, enhance customer service and lower book theft can provide a constant record update of media collections. RFID is combination of radio frequency based technology and microchip. The information contained on microchips in the tags affixed to library materials in read using RFID regardless of them orientation of alignment. The RFID System:

RFID system consists of three components in two combinations a transceiver and antenna are usually combined an RFID reader. A transponder and antenna are combined to make an RFID tag. A RFID tag is read when the reader emits a radio signal that activates the transponder which sends back to transceiver. RFID Tags :

The tags used in RFID technology for libraries are passive tag active tags which have there own supply are substantially larger and more expensive than the tags used in library RFID applications. Low frequency RFID system (30KHz to 500 KHz) have short transmission ranges of generally less than six feet. Readers:

RFID exist reader at exists are two types. One type reads the information on the tags going by and communicates that information to a server after checking the circulation database turns on an alarm if the material as not properly checked out.

Advantages of RFID in Libraries: The use of RFID reduces the amount of time required to perform Circulation operations. The most significant time saving with bootable to the fact that information

can be read from RFID tags much faster than form barcodes and that served items in the stack can be read at the same time.








Self charging discharging

Reliability Streamlined Inventory Management Longitivity of Tag life

Automated materials handling

Easy stock verification Theft reduction High level of security

Mis-shelve easy identification External Book Return

Improved tracking of high value items Reduce Shrinkage errors

Technology standards to drive down cost Reduce materials cost and handling Automated issue/return

Automated sorting of books on return Inventory visibility accuracy and efficiency

Improved Production planning Ability to manage the expenses over a number of years. RFID tags are very simple to install/inject inside the body of animals, thus helping

to keep a track on them. This is useful in animal husbandry and on poultry farms. RFID technology is better than bar codes as it cannot be easily replicated and

therefore, it increases the security of the product. Barcode scanners have repeatedly failed in providing security to books and

journals in libraries. But nowadays, RFID tags are placed inside the books and an alarm is installed at the exit doors. The RFID tags can store data up to 2 KB whereas, the bar code has the ability to

read just 10-12 digits.

Disadvantages of RFID Systems: High Cost Frequency Block Chances of removal of exposed tags exit gate sensor problems

User Privacy concern Reader collision

Tag collision Interoperability

Reduction of Staff Duties: Use of RFID technology in a library can decrease the time needed for circulation duties

since more than one tag can be read at a time. Patron checkout stations can additionally free up staff from these duties. The time necessary to complete an inventory of the library collection can






be reduced since inventory can be accomplished with a wand reader as the staff member walks through the stacks of the collection. In addition to the inventory, this wand can also determine if items have been shelved in the correct order. Conveyor belts and sorting systems can reduce time that staff spend shelving returned items because the items can be pre-sorted. By reducing the staff duties in these areas, staff may be used more efficiently in other areas including increased face-to-face service and increased the number of community programm.

Role of Librarian: RFID technology introduces an ethical dilemma for librarians. The technology

allows for greatly improved services for patrons especially in the area of self check out, it allows for more efficient use of professional staff, and may reduce repetitive stress injuries for library workers. And yet, the technology introduces the threat of hot listing and tracking library patrons. Librarians have taken extra steps to ensure that law such as the USA PATRIOT act cannot be used by government entities to invade the privacy of their patrons, and yet many of those same libraries are placing traceable chips on their patron‘s books Libraries have traditionally acted to protect and defend 5the privacy of their patrons and yet some are implementing a technology before proper safeguards have been developed. Library use of RFID technology serves to legitimize the technology in the eyes of the community. Therefore, it is incumbent on the library community to ensure that the technology is developed in concert with established privacy principles and that any library use of RFID follows best practices guidelines consistent with library values.

Conclusion: RFID is a technology that incorporates the use of electromagnetic of electrostatic

coupling in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object animal or person. RFID has advantage over barcode such as the ability to held more data the ability to change the stored data as processing occurs it is very effective in harsh environments where bar code labels may not work. RFID technology is not only emerging but also more effective, convenient and cost efficient technology in library security. This technology has slowly begun to replace the traditional bar-code on library items. The RFID tag can contain identifying information such as a book‘s title or material type, without having to be pointed to a separate. The information is read by an RFID reader, which replaces the standard barcode reader commonly found at a library‘s circulation desk. References:

1. Kern (C) Radio-Frequency Identification for security and media circulation in libraries. 20014, p.317-324

2. Kabachinski: An introduction to RFID biomedical instrumentation and technology 2005 p. 1-4.

3. Lindquist,M.G. RFID in libraries-Introduction to the issues. In world library and information congress paper presented at 69th IFLA general conference and council. Berlin.1-9 August 2003 available at http://ifla.queenslibrary.org/IV/ifla69/papers

4. Prytherch (Ray) Harrods librarians glossary and reference book England, Ashagate, 2005 5. LibBest: Library Management System: http://www.rfid.library.com 6. www.google.com Date. 26 December 2018

http://www.rfid.library.com/

http://www.google.com/






Information Communication Technology in Library

Prof. Mahendrasing M. Chavan. Librarian

Sant Muktabai Arts & Commerce College, Muktainagar, Tal- Muktainagar, Dist- Jalgaon.

Email: - [email protected] Mobile: - 9423937818

Abstract:-

It is said that, change is only constant, whether it is good or bad, we like it or not change will continually take place. We are surrounded by socio-economic education, cultural, and technological changes. So therefore, we must learn to adapt to the changing environment. Libraries are constantly involving meeting the need of their diverse communities far from being a simple reposition of books and media, today‟s libraries serves as inevitable

resource for everything from data analytics to 3D printing and beginning lessons in-coding. The modern libraries can response to the recent trends and offer information and resources that are both innovative and relevant to its users.

Thus, the present research paper deals with the need for information communication technology in contest of continuity in education process and highlighting library integral part of this process we must adopt various informative, communicative technologies to fulfill the demand of communities with better service.

Keywords: Concept ICT, Role of Computer, Benefits, Demand of Community etc.

Introduction:- Today‘s world is called as the age of information technology. In this world library is playing key role. Libraries collects information on large scale with various means of information, and it is send to the significant personalities. Various libraries need information communication technology to run computerized transaction of informative world. The social life of human beings was changed due to this system, because information communication technology and the utility of information technology became really the revolutionary activity. 21th century is the century of knowledge so, informative library has been very important. The word ‗library‘ utilized the information technology and it has been too much

important in educational, social, industrial and political fields.

Concept of ICT: Communication is used to show transferring knowledge here and there. It means the conversation between two persons, notions and exchanges of experiences. It is the exchange between the sender and the receiver. To communicate with others we must need some mode to clear out the dealing through available situation. ICT- Information communication Technology, meaning information means ‗Experience

and study best knowledge‘ as per English Marathi Dictionary.

Definition: - ICT- It is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified

Communications and the integration of telecommunications (Telephone lines and wireless







signals) and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual systems, that enable users to access, store transmit, and manipulate information.

Information communication technology means the technology which sends the proper information from the proper place to another place on to the proper time using the means of communication.

The role of Information communication Technology in Library: To inform or communicate means the information communication. Man has been

communication information since thousands of years with various means. The particular means are said as telephone. T.V., waves of Radio, Fiber Optical Cable, Sounds, Data and Video.

Information give and take is done with ICT. The meaning of ICT means to communicate information from the particular creation to the customer. This way is useful for research, development-programmed, governmental programmed, survey and census.

Manual activities in the library can be very much easy and systematic with the utilization of computer. Computer is used to implement the various subjects and the library administration becomes very much comfortable for the stake holders. Resources of Modern Information Technology: Scientific progress has provided us tremendous store of knowledge. Hence, every person needs to collect information in his field of working with the calculation of immense significance. Then the progress reached the means of computer and network. Thousands of references are made available. These are given below: Mass Media Communication: This media includes film, radio, television, etc to exchange information. Tele-Communication: Present media includes Telephone, Television, radio-waves, fibre-optical cable to follow information. Satellite Communication: Information is collected with limited time and place with this media. The information is sent from one corner to second. Data is enlarged at world level with the help of satellite communication. CD-ROM: This invention is considered very much important and useful in the field of data-base. There is intensive capacity of storage and re-securing. The disc has the size of 4.72‖ but it stored

2,50,000 pages information.

Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT): There are three main ways of thinking about the role of ICT.

1) As a Tutor: With the right teacher input and software design, group work around computer can turn the use of reasoning skills into learning outcomes.

2) As Mind Tools: Mind tools are computer application that when student used to represent what they know necessarily engaged them in studying. Mind tools scaffold different from of reasoning about content. That is they require students to think about what they know in different, meaningful ways.






3) As a Support for Learning Conversation: Networks can allow students to engage directly in knowledge creation thinking, together. With others at a distance can be more motivating and can stimulate a higher quality of thought, than thinking together with other in the same class-room. The computers can be used as a support and resource for the communicative processes of teaching and learning.

Computers Role in Traditional & Day Routine in Library: 1. Consumption by Computer:

Books are purchased by the library according to the goals of the institution. Mission and goals of the institutions take it to its reach of development.

2. The barcode Technology came into use to exchange and count books in libraries. 3. To search out information with computers, Cable means and WI-FI Systems. 4. Readers participate in library network with the help of computer. 5. The use of reading material altogether is followed through resource sharing network.

Impact of ICT on library service: 1. The world-book list is made available on internet. 2. The training is given to readers and staff workers about – Computer to fit for

withdrawing information on internet. 3. ‗Service regarding information‘ is also extended with online systems. 4. Readers are provided with information of books and other material. 5. The need regarding information of reader is fulfilled and the library gets money to run

administration.

Benefits of ICT: Library is a service baring institution to make available the current useful services.

1) ICT helps to provide easy and precise service of information. 2) It helps to control the information increase. 3) ICT brings into the use of new techniques. 4) The concept of virtual classroom is received. 5) The rare material is cared with the technology of photography.

Conclusion: The information technology is needed due to the explosion of knowledge for every human beings. We are using the information technology to make available the proper information to the crazy reader. So, it has been difficult for man to merge tremendous information with insufficient economical means, labour of persons & time-limit-but it is said the information technology has been developed only to meet the above deficiencies. This information technology has brought a change in thinking & working process of man & his social living has gone to the uplifment & ultra-vision.

References: Bagade Vishakha, Information communication Technology, Latur, Sanskar prakashan, P-

14. Chavan Kishor, (2004), Information Technology, Nashik. C- Anandan (2004), Digital libraries, Delhi. Grantha pariwar, Nashik.






Jadhav Sunanda, Kulkarni M. V. (2005), Library and Information science, Kolhapur, Phadke prakashan.

Kumar PSG, Fundamentals of Information Science, New Delhi, S Chand. P 47 to 51. Mahale Sanjivani, Information communication technology Latur, Sanskar prakashan, P

12. Mahitiyug, (April 2007), Khand 2, No.2. Phadke D.N., Library computerization and modernization, P 70. Pawar S.P. Badkate savita, (2005), Library and information science. Phadake D.N (2006), Library computerization and modernization, Pune, Universal

publication. Sali A.Z. Information communication technology, Kolhapur, Phadke prakashan, P 3. Tripathi S.M., C Lal, K Kumar, (2001), Library and information science New Delhi ESS

publication. University News (13-19 February 2012), 50, 07. Warkhede Ramesh, (2006 March April), Dnyangangotri, Nashik, Yashwantrao Chavan

open University. Vyas S.D., (1992), Library and Samaj, Jaypur, Panchashil Prakashan. Yojana, December 2006. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology






Soft Skill For Library Professionals in the Modern Era

Mr. Laxmikant M. Satpute Librarian

Adarsh College of Arts & Commerce. Kulgaon-Badlapur

Discuss in this paper today's ICT environment need of qualification , technical skills as well as softskill in the Library professions for provide effective information and services to the community users. Which are skills required by the library professionals in this modern era. Library is growing organism that like information technology is rapidly changing the whole world and creating challenges and opportunities in the LIS Professionals. In modern era To cope with the new challenges in the field, LIS professionals should perform with soft skills.

Keyword:- Soft Skill, Leadership Skill, Information Technology Skill,

Introduction: Today‘s librarians having professional qualification in library and information science

(M.L.I.Sc., Diploma in Library Science Certificate in Library Science etc.) is not sufficient. Today's modern era demand for librarians having multidimensional skill in the areas of technical work, administrative work and also in providing user oriented services along with soft skills. Like any other profession, the soft skills are required in day-to-day working for carrying out routine jobs more effectively. The librarians working in large organizations like corporate offices are already practicing these skills through by experience or training.

The role of libraries and librarians changed from traditional library to knowledge resource center and Librarian to Director and at the same time the forms and distribution of information also took new shape and way. This is due to advancement in information and communication technology. Due to this change, library professionals job also require some of the special skills and competencies apart from the basic skills and practices of librarianship. The libraries experiencing tremendous change, the electronic information has occupied huge place in the publishing industry during current days. New type of information transfer channels have come in existence, such as e-books, blogs, information gateways etc.

According to Sarrafzadeh (2005), if LIS professionals remain reluctant to gain new skills, they will become irrelevant to their organization and will probably lose out in competition for employment to people of other fields like scientists, engineers and IT professionals. Thus, LIS professionals must encounter rapidly changing environments that require diverse skills, new thinking and broader perspectives and must be prepared to develop innovative ideas for the capture, process and sharing of knowledge and demonstrate good management practices if they want to remain relevant in the emerging knowledge age ( Smythe, 1999).

Soft Skill:- Soft skills are defined as the bunch of personality traits, social graces, facility with

language personal habits, friendliness and optimisms that more people to varying degrees. Soft skills are first referred in 1972. These skills includes attributes being able to solve problems working will in a team environment and motivating others. Soft skills are a collection of methods and techniques by which you can influence the behavior of others in a way that enhance your enlightened self-interest.






The Collins English Dictionary defines the term "soft skills" as "desirable qualities for certain forms of employment that do not depend on acquired knowledge: they include common sense, the ability to deal with people, and a positive flexible attitude.

What are soft skills for library profession ? From above discussion it can be observed that these skill can also be applicable to library

profession. Libraries are now Information learning centres. There is great impact of information technology on library and library services. The services of the library should be users oriented. To deal with the different types of users according to their demand with the hard skills, soft skills are also essential to flourish the library profession. Following are some of the soft skills useful for the library professionals. Listening skills:

The library professionals must have good listening skills as he/she has to interact with different types of users all the time. By carefully listening to users‘ he/she can identify the exact

requirement and then provide the service accordingly. Communications skills:

Command on language especially English and also regional one will improve the communication. Good communication skills also require understanding people and self-confidence. With this one can achieve lot and solve problems too. Interpersonal skills:

Interpersonal skill is require to the Librarians for deal with all levels of people like management, colleagues students and vendors etc. When you work in large organization, it is most important to build rapport with all departments, which helps in managing the library and providing better services to every one. Public relations skill:

Librarian is not only information provider but also play the role of Public Relation with library users. One needs to use PR very effectively to attract users in libraries through various ways. It also helps to bond with users and vendors too. Also gives ability to work with other professionals. Customer service:

Library users is customer of library. Library's customer satisfaction is highlighted that user will always come back for library service. The librarians are always giving attention to their users and providing services through CAS, SDI or other specialized services. Leadership & Teamwork skills: Library management is not single person work, it's a team work. Hence it is required to have leadership skills to manage and guiding the team time to time, as every subordinate is important for carrying out their work efficiently for smooth running of library. Writing and presentation skills:

The librarians are sometimes asked to submit/help in writing research proposal/ business proposal/project report, which requires good writing and presentation skills. Today there are many library professionals who are contributing their skills in report writing, presentation of proposal, project in their institute such as NAAC, AQAR, seminar/ workshop proposal etc.






Project management skills: In corporate sector many times, librarians are part of some project team and assigned

specialized jobs such as knowledge management or digital institutional repository. These require dedication, understanding of the project, time management for completion of work, teamwork and reporting back the results etc. Teaching skills:

This is essential for new user orientations or in case new service is introduced such as online database searching. It also includes motivating reading habits in users. Management Skills:

Management is essential for achieve defined objectives of organization. Main functions are Planning, organizing, budgeting, directing and controlling, these are very important skills for provide new resources and services to the users. Collections Development Skill:

Collection development is the process of meeting the information needs of the users in a timely and economical manner using information resources locally held, as well as from other organizations. Collection development is an essential function of libraries to make available needed resources to their users. Its goals vary according to the type of library and any special wants of its user community. Digitization and preservation skills:

Some rare books are out of print and not available in the library, so librarian select the rare books. Digitization is important for archive and preserve rare books in the library. So librarian must skill of digitization and preservation skills for collection development of rare books. Research & Contributions to the Profession Skills:

Research and publication – contributions through writing, editing, refereeing or reviewing of books, articles or reports • Conferences – contributions through presentations to professional or scholarly associations/meetings • Formal study – taken to broaden subject or professional knowledge and may include study for advanced professional and/or related academic qualifications • Teaching – teaching courses in areas of librarianship, archives or other academic disciplines Information Technology Skills:

Today's ICT era librarian should have knowledge of ICT . Today more resources available in electronic and online forms. Library services also provide via internet such as e-mail service. Computerization is must in the library, librarian should have knowledge of hardware and software, institutional repository and information technology. Librarian have knowledge of database and e-resources.

Conclusion: Today's Information explosion; Libraries have great role in distribution of information to

the users, due to emergence of information technology and management techniques, the librarianship also facing challenge to handling with the situation. To manage the situation, librarian professionals should have some of the important abilities and soft skills which are very much required to satisfy the user‘s community are discussed in the paper.






References:- 1. Sarrafzadeh, M. ―The implications of knowledge management for the library and

information professions‖. KM Online Journal of Knowledge Management 2.1 (2005): 92-102.

2. Satpathy, Sunil Kumar and Maharana, Rabindra K. "ICT Skills of LIS Professionals in Engineering Institutions of Orissa, India: A Case Study". Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) (2011). Paper 627.http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/627.

3. Smythe, D. ―Facing the future: preparing new information professionals‖. The

Information Management Journal 33.2 (1999): 44-48. 4. Todd, R.J. and Southon, G. ―Educating for a knowledge management future: perceptions

of library and information professionals‖. The Australian Library Journal 50 .4 (2001):

313-326. 5. Parmeshwar, S. and Shankar, Reddy Kolle " Competencies and Soft Skills for Library

Professionals in Information Era" https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286134788 access 25-11-2018

6. Setharaman, S. and Venktewara, Prasad B. " Human Resources Management". Chennai, Scitech Publication 2007.






Use of E-Resources in Libraries

Pratiksha U. Deshmukh Asst.Librarian

P R Pote College Of Engineering & Management,Amravati

An integral and one of the most valued part of any educational institution is its library

from which teaching and learning activities are enhanced. Library offers students, faculty members and researchers to acquire information related with their educational needs. In the past, when traditional libraries were operational, one had to rely on so many persons and spend hours and hours of valuable time to get the information on desired topic. But with the advent of information and communication technology, e-resources become integral part of library because it not only saves time but also enables libraries to function smoothly (Sinha, 1990).An electronic resource is defined as a resource which requires computer access or anyelectronic product that delivers a collection of data, be it text referring to full text based, electronic journals, image collections, other multimedia products and numerical, graphical or time based, as a commercially available title that has been published with an aim to being marketed. Types of e-resources includes online e-resources such as ejournal, e-books, online database or website. The offline e-resources may have CD ROMs or other portable databases.

Review of Literature : The following are the major studies conducted on use of e-journals.Nweke Ken studied

the use of publications of zoology by the research scholars at Ibadan University. He found that though the scholars consulted wide range of publications, but mainly that of journals. Ken concluded that periodicals constitute the most important forms of publication than other reading materials.

Shukla and Mishra made a study to highlight theproblems faced by the users in accessing e-resources and to examine their views on usefulness of e-resources compared to that of print resources, and the place from where they prefer to access information. Research scholars prefer e-resources against print resources because of their various good features for their research work and are looking in future to have more e-resources access within university campus with better Internet connectivity. Madhusudhan conducted a study on the use of UGC-Info net e-journals by collecting data from 40 research scholars (Ph. D and M. Phil) and 28 students (M. L. I. Sc.) studying in the Department of Library and Information Science during the academic year 2006- 2007 using a questionnaire. The study shows that ejournals perform an increasingly important role in research at Department of Library and Information Science. Rani and Zainab in their study examine the users of electronic journals published in a hosting system called EJUM (Electronic Journal of the University of Malaya) and their perceived satisfaction with the electronic journals as well as their preferred features in electronic journals and problems they face when using the electronic journals. The Malaysian Journal of Computer Science (MJCS), Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science (MJLIS) and Journal of Problem Based.






Objective: 1. To check the awareness about e-Resources among research scholars & faculties of

different colleges/universities. 2. To find out the accessibility and place of access of internet by the students, researchers

and faculties. 3. To identify the purpose of browsing internet by the users. 4. To find out the reason for using e-Resources. 5. Study the purpose and frequency of using the e-Resources and services available in the

colleges. 6. Know the different type of e-Resources and services available in colleges. 7. Study the impact of electronic resources and services on the research work of teachers

and research scholars. 8. Know the quality of information retrieved through electronic resources. 9. To find out the most preferred search engines and search methods used by the students.

e-Books

1. Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)

2. Open Library

3. Project Gutenberg

4. Rare Book Room

e-Journals

1. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC)

2. Advances In Electrical And Computer Engineering

3. Annales Geophysicae

4. Anthropoetics: The Journal Of Generative Anthropology

5. Astrophysics And Space Sciences Transactions

6. Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics

7. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin

8. Communicating Astronomy With The Public

9. Estonian Journal Of Earth Sciences

10. Fibreculture Journal

11. Iaeng International Journal Of Applied Mathematics

12. International Electronic Journal Of Mathematics Education

http://doabooks.org/

http://www.oapen.org/home

http://www.gutenberg.org/

http://www.rarebookroom.org/

http://airccse.org/

http://www.aece.ro/index.php

http://www.annales-geophysicae.net/

http://www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu/anthro.htm

http://www.astrophys-space-sci-trans.net/volumes_and_issues.html

http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/volumes_and_issues.html

http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/CERB/index

http://www.capjournal.org/

http://www.kirj.ee/earthsciences

http://journal.fibreculture.org/

http://www.iaeng.org/IJAM/current_issue.html

http://www.iejme.com/






13. International Journal Of Design

14. International Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology

15. International Journal Of Internet Science

16. Journal Of Geosciences

17. Journal Of Industrial Engineering And Management

18. Revista Letra Magna

19. Sankhya: The Indian Journal Of Statistics

20. Science Publications

21. Semantics And Pragmatics

22. Silpakorn University Science And Technology Journal

23. The Arkeotek Journal

24. The International Journal Of The Creative Arts In Interdisciplinary Practicethe Journal Of Religion And Film

25. Theological Librarianship

e-Journal Databases

CSIR-NISCAIR Journals

Indian Society for Education and Environment

Khagol (Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysic)

NISCAIR Online Periodicals Repository

ChemSpider

Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)

HighWire

Hindawi Publishing

Impact Journals

PLoS

PubMed Central

Science Alert

Springer Open Access

http://www.ijdesign.org/ojs/index.php/IJDesign/

http://www.ijest.info/index.php

http://ijis.net/

http://www.jgeosci.org/

http://www.jiem.org/index.php/jiem

http://www.letramagna.com/

http://sankhya.isical.ac.in/index.html

http://thescipub.com/

http://semprag.org/

http://www.journal.su.ac.th/index.php/sustj/index

http://www.thearkeotekjournal.org/

http://www.ijcaip.com/index.html

http://www.ijcaip.com/index.html

https://theolib.atla.com/theolib/index

http://www.niscair.res.in/ScienceCommunication/sci.asp?a=topframe.htm&b=leftcon.asp&c=ResearchJournals/rejour/rejour1.htm&d=test

http://www.iseeadyar.org/index.html

http://ojs.iucaa.ernet.in/

http://ojs.iucaa.ernet.in/

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/

http://www.chemspider.com/

http://www.doaj.org/

http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/freeart.dtl

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/

http://www.impactjournals.us/index.php

http://www.plos.org/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

http://scialert.net/

http://www.springeropen.com/journals






Findings of the study The study arrived on the following findings based on the results from the analysis of the data gathered: i) The Research Scholars are fully aware about the availability of the e-journals in the library. ii) The Library was found to be the clear choice for the accessibility of the e-journals. iii) The Library professionals and Internet were revealed as the chief source for information about the e-journals. iv) PDF format was found to be the most preferred format for reading the e-journals. Majority of the research scholars are aware about the e-journals consortium for accessing the ejournals. vi) The study has revealed that majority of the research scholars access the e-journals using author approach. Further most of them are satisfied with the infrastructure available to them. The slow speed of the internet has been the main problematic concern for accessing the e-journals. Suggestions :

Based on the results and opinions of the respondents, the present study suggests the following:

1. To provide the e-journals service effectively and efficiently, more number of access terminals should be installed in the Library and other departments.

2. To save the precious time of the users high speed internet connection should be provided. 3. Need for more trained and skilled staff, having awareness of the functioning of the both

software and hardware, who can help the users in areas like accessing, downloading and proper utilization of ejournal resources.

4. In order to improve the efficiency of the users towards access to electronic journals, the library should provide hand on experience and conduct user orientation programmes for the library users at the start of every academic session.

5. Proper feedback system should be introduced to know about the various problems faced by the research scholars to solve them effectively.

6. More number of the e-journals should be subscribed by the library in the fields of specialization, where only small number of e-journals are being subscribed.

7. An adequate number of the research scholars suggested that necessary arrangements should be made to access the full text of more e-journals.

Conclusion : The present study sought to examine the use of e journals by the research scholars and the

result shows that most of the objectives have been met satisfactorily. The study reveals that majority of research scholars are aware of the e-journals. It has been found that majority of research scholars access the e-journals in the library. Using of the e-journals for research purpose in their area of the study has been one of the most important aspect of the study. Unorganized, lack of training, speed to access have been major problems faced by the research scholars, whereas most of them are satisfied with the facilities available to them. However, majority of






them feel that the user training will be of great use for increasing the usage of e-journals among the users in the Library. References

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members of engineering colleges in Salem and Namakkal Districts, Tamil Nadu‖. Indian

Journal of Information Sources and Services, 2 (2):18-22. 20. Sinha, Manoj Kumar 1990. ―Studies on Role and Development of Information Science

and Information Technology in India: a literary survey‖. MLIS Dissertation, Bhagalpur

University, Bhagalpur (Unpublished)






Role of Information Literacy in Digital Age

Satish K. Chandel, Librarian

Shree Pandharinth Arts & Commerce College, Narkhed, Dist. Nagpur

Email- [email protected] Abstract:

Information literacy plays a prominent part in bringing out the set of capabilities which are obligatory for a full contribution to a knowledge society. It consists of knowledge, skills, and behaviors, involving the effective use of digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktop PCs for purposes of communication, expression, collaboration and advocacy. As the information literacy at the outset centered on digital skills, and stand-alone computers, the focus has shifted from them to network devices including the Internet and social media etc. It also plays a crucial role in an academic library for dissemination of knowledge and information for college and university students.

Information literacy is different from computer literacy and digital skills. Computer literacy heralded digital literacy. Computer literacy refers to knowledge and skills in using traditional computers, such as desktop PCs and laptops. Computer literacy focuses on practical skills in employing software application packages. The term of „Digital skills‟ which is a more current has its own limitations for applied abilities in using digital devices, such as laptops and smartphones. In Information literacy, literacy and knowledge are wedded together. Nevertheless, it is much more than a blend of the two terms. Information is a figurative representation of any data, and literacy refers to the ability to read for knowledge, write reasonably, and think censoriously about the written word. This paper aims at the critical analysis of the revolution with its abrupt advent into information literacy in digital age prevalent in the present scenario. It can be used for all round development of college and university students and also for the maturation of faculties with knowledge.

Keywords- Information literacy, Digital Services, Maturation, Knowledge society, Computer literacy, Digital skills.

Introduction: The library as a store house of knowledge and information is very indispensable in every

phase of life for business, decision making, operative planning, communication, research and advancement. We need information for everyday accomplishments, and so cannot do anything of worth being deprived of it. The developed as well as developing countries of the world comprehend this entity and increase in value the role of information in national growth. College and university students are on the threshold of entering these arenas. Knowledge is power. Therefore, the academic libraries empower students and faculties. They help students as well as faculties to meet diverse academic need.

Library and information science is the study of organized collections of slender and bulky volumes and other non-printed materials. Library and information science can also be seen as the study of issues related to libraries and information services. This comprises academic studies concerning how library resources are used, how people interrelate with library systems, and the

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_computer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_literacy






organization of knowledge for well-organized retrieval of relevant information. Librarianship is the application of library science which comprises the practical services solidified by librarians in their daily endeavors to cater to the requirements of library patrons or users. So, a library and information scientist is a skilled person in the practical organization and retrieval of information in service to people with information needs. Before now, librarians were traditionally related with collections of books; but now a modern library and information scientist deals with information in many formats such as compact discs, photographs, videotapes, newspapers, magazines bibliographic databases and Internet resources. Librarian as an information scientist can help research scholars and supervisors.

Libraries, an information commons model of service, are becoming campus community centers. They invite student and faculty socialization, learning, research, scholarship and instruction. They are most operative when programming, services, and spaces are developed in partnership with others seeking similar educational consequences. Academic libraries will increasingly deliver information and services to their users at right time as per their prerequisite. Whatever the changes in the old-fashioned roles of a library, in an academic community, especially those communities have occurred, they aren‘t changing considerably themselves, and

the traditional ways will continue to be valid and significant to an Institution.

What is information literacy? Over time, the definition of information literacy has slightly changed. The traditional

definition of literacy was the ability to read and write at a rudimentary level and sign a document. More freshly, the United States Workforce Investment Act of 19981 defined literacy as ‗an individual‘s capability to read, write, speak English, and the ability to compute, and

resolve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to execute jobs , in the family of the individual, and in society.‘ As the world is moving forward from the information age to the

digital age, and so new definitions of information literacy are evolving that include how to access information in digital formats and how to evaluate information and use it appropriately. the American Library Association (ALA) has stated that , information literacy is ‗increasingly

important in the contemporary environment of rapid technological change and flourishing information resources‘: Information literacy is a set of abilities requiring individuals to identify when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use efficiently the needed information. Information literacy forms the basis for lifelong learning and is common to all disciplines, to all learning environments, and to all levels of education.

Challenges faced by LIS in Digital Age 1. One of the greatest challenges facing LIS in the information age is that, up till this

moment, the LIS profession is still somewhat misunderstood by a proportion of the mass public.

2. Most challenging also is that, globalization is impacting on the various aspects of the LIS professional‘s environment.

3. Most LIS professionals are still not fully aware that the technology driven processes of today‘s world will most likely lead to a situation where those without technological skills (i.e. ICT compliant) will be rendered unemployed and unemployable in the future.






The spread of Information Literacy: The abode of knowledge is in transition mode from repositories to open access, dramatic

and severe changes in acquisition, process, storage and dissemination of information, harnessing and apt application of versatile technologies, gap between user needs and services rendered and from phobia of ICT developments to justify the inevitable changes required in e-environment for sustainability and the future life. Libraries have been expressively transformed with the advent of Internet and the ability to provide resources to people who may never visit a physical building, but use resources intensively in their own homes or work places. The unimaginable developments in the information environment such as improved accessibility, interoperability and open access to educational materials has on one side facilitated the nature, role and services but on the other side pose a serious challenge to harness the technology and provide state of the art services, otherwise we will be left behind in the transformational phase.

The new roles of a library in Digital age: Gateways to Information : A library has to function as a central gateway for library users to access, locate, transform, and utilize information resources in a variety of printed and electronic formats via applications, databases, networks, platforms and systems. (Ibid). Learning Centre : A library has to deliver library users dynamic equipment‘s , facilities, resources and

services which may support their learning activities, which cover assignments, presentations, projects, research papers, reports, etc. (Ibid). Training Centre : A library shall provide best supporting and training facilities to faculty and instructors for designing, developing, integrating and implementation of various teaching courses, programs, workshops including support for distance learning programs. Publication Centre : An library shall provide library users with computer hardware and software, audio-video equipment and other supporting facilities and peripheral devices to create, design, develop, integrate, publish, and upgrade their various multimedia presentations, projects, reports, web sites, blogs, and so on. (Ibid) Services that a Digital Library can Offer : Digital Library Services provides a wide array of services to assist members of the library with organizing collections of materials or making them more widely available. The following services offered by the Digital Libraries.

Catalogue Databases,

Current Awareness Bulletins, Externally Purchased Databases,

CD-ROM Databases, Remote Information Services, Internally Published Newsletters, Reports & Journals,

Internet Information Sources Mirroring & Cataloguing, E-mail,

Bulletin Board Service,






Netnews system,

Audio and Video Communication, Electronic Table of Contents, Electronic Document Delivery Service,

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, Reference Service,

Electronic Publishing, Discussion groups and forums Central storage facilities for Hosting digital collections and indexes

Tools for loading, storing, searching, and displaying digital objects Special Collections service.

Advantages: 1. No physical boundary

People from all over the world can gain access to the same information, 2. Round the clock availability

A major advantage of digital libraries is that people can gain access 24/7 to the information. 3. Multiple accesses.

The same resources can be used simultaneously by a number of institutions and patrons. 4. Information retrieval.

The user is able to use any search term (word, phrase, title, name, subject) to search the entire collection. 5. Preservation and conservation.

Digitization is not a long-term preservation solution for physical collections, but does succeed in providing access copies for materials that would otherwise fall to degradation from repeated use. 6. Space.

Digital information requires very little physical space to contain them and media storage technologies are more affordable than ever before. 7. Added value.

Certain characteristics of objects, primarily the quality of images, may be improved. Digitization can enhance legibility and remove visible flaws such as stains and discoloration.

Easily accessible. Disadvantages :

User authentication for access to collections Copyright Digital preservation (see above) Equity of access (see digital divide) Interface design Interoperability between systems and software Information organization Inefficient or nonexistent taxonomy practices (especially with historical material)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_control

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_design

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoperability

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_organization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(general)






Training and development Quality of Metadata

Conclusion: In the present scenario Information literacy has become a well known reality for all

academic libraries and a logical consequence of the virtual library. Still, it is hardly a main perspective adopted by the librarians themselves. And it is not necessarily thought of as being a critical issue; it is probably thought of more in terms of new technology giving libraries new opportunities besides the core activities, rather than being a circumstance that changes the core itself, and even changes in the realms of the traditionally organized academic library as a whole. References :

1. Gardner, Richard K. (ed.) (1987). Education of Library and Information professionals: present and future prospects. Littleton, CO: Libraries Unlimited.

2. International Seminar on LIS Education and Research (LIS-ER) (2015). Programme. <http://bd.ub.edu/liser/content/programme>.

3. Larsen, Jeannie Borup (2005). "A survey of Library & Information Science schools in Europe". En: Kajberg, Leif; Lørring, Leif (ed.). European Curriculum Reflections on Library and Information Science Education.

4. Copenhagen: Royal School of Library and Information Science, p. 232–242. <http://hdl.handle.net/1889/1704>.

5. Teddy, Lucy (2005). "40 years of library and information studies education in Wales‖. Education for information, vol. 23.

6. Williamson, Charles C. (1931). "The place of research in library service". Library Quarterly, vol. 1, no. 1 (January), p. 1–17.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training_and_development

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata

http://bd.ub.edu/liser/content/programme







Changing Role of Academic Libraries in the E- Learning Process

Shubangi P. Ingole( Librarian ) Smt. KokilabaiGawandeMailaMahavidyalaya,

Daryapur, Dist. Amravati. E-mail :- [email protected]

Abstract : As the information technologies are changing day-to-day and growing at a tremendous speed, the knowledge society is becoming more complex, competitive and dependent on technological changes and information explosion. By using this technology, academic libraries are helping users access the vast amount of library resources, evaluate and select the best information for their specific needs. E-learning has numerous benefits and should contribute much more to education.

Introduction : Teaching will continue to change, and libraries and librarians have to use the changing technology to provide the best access and service to their patrons. Electronic information creates challenges for the library community at its very foundation, moving it away from the traditional paper-and-print format to an ethereal world of circuits and connectivity. The library is no longer defined simply as a building or a physical repository that houses information. Hence ensuring and organizing access to educational materials in the electronic environment is an important factor in determining realistic request for development and advancement of education. In the face of this globalization, libraries will need to look beyond walls, campuses, and even borders. University and college libraries will be increasingly expected to open their resources to visiting students and scholars, in the process increasing the need or sensitivity to cultural differences when it comes to space as well as differing levels of proficiency in the English language. Libraries will face greater demands for access to resources, while library staffs will need multiple language skills and be asked to support more learning at a distance. Digitalization of collections will allow rapid access to, and exchange of resources, which will raise questions o adequate bandwidth and the cost o keeping technology current. Globalization will also shape all aspects of teaching and learning. As technology increasingly infuses the curriculum, professors will be able to choose from an international array of source material from which to develop their courses, in turn placing greater demands on libraries to provide needed support services for faculty. Globalization also offers the academic library opportunities to become more effective in serving students and faculty through enhanced partnerships with libraries throughout the world, leading more open access to knowledge and best practices that will eventually provide more supportive, streamlined services to a new generation of students.

Academic Libraries and E-learning : Academic librarians generally serve the subject academicians to provide information regardingteaching, learning and research. Though not everywhere, yet e-learning has been integrated in the curriculum of most of the university by different faculties. From the library side it has been a great opportunity to integrate the library resources and services in support of learning, research and outreach. In recent years several bold steps have been taken to integrate e-learning with the academic work.






Most of the modern academic libraries are digital and e-learning can effectively take place in a digital environment. Academic libraries apply appropriate communication technologies in support of e-learning and e-research by providing seamless access to electronic resources and services. Electronic resources include online catalogues, databases, multimedia books, electronic archives and online/ electronic services. The utilization of cutting edge technologies by academic libraries to provide access to resources and services in support of learning, teaching and research has benefited both on-campus, part time as well as distance learners. Both students and lecturers can undertake learning and research without being in the library. An academic library, faculty and academic development department managing e-learning may use appropriate technologies to facilitate learning and access to resources and services. It is quite understandable that an e-learning environment can provide both students and faculty with a sustainable infrastructure and seamless access to knowledge, course content, information resources and services, all from integrated service point. The initiative which should be taken by the academic libraries should take an initiative towards establishment o an e-learning support centre which would undertake training of the academic staff in integrating the educational technology into the curriculum to provide access to the content. As a part of this initiatives as Educational Technology unit will develop e-learning smart classrooms, along with video conferencing and assignment tools enabling flexible learning and teaching with the students studying at their own place. The academic library must have a holistic approach in e-learning whereby different traditional and digital methods and media are integrated in learning and teaching.

Changing roles of Academic Libraries : Due to the impact of ICTs, libraries are incapable to fulfil the information needs of users by means of print sources alone. Libraries are forced toacquire, organize and enable access to electronic resources and provide new technology based services. Electronic resources include online catalogues CD-ROM/ DVD databases, multimedia, online full text electronic journals, databases, e-books, digital repositories etc. Libraries have to find strategies or making teir resources and services readily available to the faculty and students preferably in the electronic environments; otherwise, their existence will be at stake. Academic Libraries in the e-learning environment have already made some progress by providing access to their catalogues, databases, electronic journals, internet resources, etc. to the user‘s community on the Intranet or

Internet. The utilization of innovative technologies by academic libraries to provide access to resources and services in support of learning, teaching and research has benefited both students and faculty so that they can undertake learning and research without being in the library. The shift to an online environment has thus resulted in a change from the systematic one-to-one information flow of the fast to a new model in which the users and the providers of information are able to relate in a dynamic relationship. Bennett (2003) identifies two major shifts in education. Firstly, he argues that higher education is moving away from a teaching to a learning culture. Secondly, the revolution in information technology is changing delivery of education. He further argues that an academic library should consider these two shifts while planning their services. He also argues that academic libraries should not be seen solely as a traditional storage facility for books, or simply






as a technology center, but instead the library should focus on the process of learning that takes place within its space, bringing resources, learners, and experts into easy proximity to facilitate collaborative learning. More recently, Freeman (2005) has referred to libraries as learning laboratories that accommodate learning in a variety of formats.

Challenges and Issues for Libraries in E-learning : Today e-learning is considered as alternative tools of empowering knowledge and skills. It is also treated as alternative means for classroom teaching. Now with the help of internet, it is possible to deliver the information with highest degree of precision which is not possible with traditional skills. It has overcome several constraints of traditional learning system, but the development of e-learning has thrown up new problems focused on the copyright and intellectual property rights implications of electronic text. Students, researchers, staff, employees and other end users affiliated with virtual university or digital libraries are to be allowed to print-on-paper excerpts of digitally available works on the same conditions according to which they may make photocopies of print material. The library authorities have to discuss seriously with publishers on this aspect in order to evolve some mechanism profitable to users, publishers as well as to the authors. Users may be charged for each access, downloading from servers and/or each kind of digital library collection. This would provide a reverse for publishers, authors and libraries. Security aspect is another most pressing challenge of digital affairs. Piracies of database, viral invasions and parallel satellite networking stress are some other issues for digital libraries, which are confronted as a way of routine. According to Jayaprakash and Venkatramana (2006), major challenges can be enumerated as under:

There is no mechanism available to establish standards for internet materials, instruction, design and quality of interaction.

Information providers are more interested in profit than quality services Lack of expertise as not many vendors/expert are available in the country and abroad as

well. Lack of motivation, because in a classroom instruction the teacher and students internet

in discussing and understanding the subject spontaneously, which creates motivation among the students towards learning. Whereas, in e-learning, due to lack of motivation sometimes it may appear dull.

Conclusion : Today, more than ever, libraries and librarians extremely important for the preservation and improvement of our culture. Para-professional staff required practical ‗hands on‘ experience

and training. The new technology has important role to play in academic libraries. By using this technology, academic libraries are helping users access the vast amount of library resources, evaluate and select the best information for their specific needs. E-learning has numerous benefits and should contribute much more to education. Hence , it is necessary for academic libraries to provide adequate funds and technological support to provide better e-learning services to their clients.






References 1. Bennett, S. (2003). Libraries designed for learning. Washington D.C.: Council on library

and information Resources. Retrieved from http://clir.org/pubs/reports/pub122/pub122web.pdf.

2. Jayaprakash, A. and Venkatramana, R. (2006). Role of Digital Libraries in E-learning. DRTC Conference on ICT for digital Learning Environment 11-13 January 2006. DRTC, Bangalore. Paper- T: 1-12.

3. Kaur, Gurjeet. (2015). The future and changing roles of academic libraries in the digital age. Indian Journal of Information Sources and Services. Vol.5, No. 1. Pp. 29-33

4. Kolhe, Prakash, Shriram. (2018). E-learning and changing roles of academic libraries. International Journal of Current Engineering And Scientific Research. Vol.5,No.5.

5. Sen, Saswati. (2009). Academic Libraries in e-Teaching and e-learning. Vision and Roles of the Future Academic Libraries.

http://clir.org/pubs/reports/pub122/pub122web.pdf






Current Trend: Role of Librarians in the Virtual Library Environment

Prof. Surendra D. Awathare Librarian

Hutatma Rashtriya Arts and Science College Ashti, Dist. Wardha. E-mail: [email protected]

E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract: Today is information technology age. The increasing role of information technology (ICT) in libraries has a significant impact on the changing roles of the librarians. Today‟s every

movement‟s new technologies are dramatically increasing the accessible of information and

librarians are full feeling the need of users that emerge from the adaption of these new technologies. Therefore the future librarianship in the academic environment is changing. This paper will further discussion the virtual library and their aspects.

Introduction: A library is a collection of information resources and its disseminate the organized users

and maintained by a institute or library. In the more traditional sence it is more a collection of books. However,with the collection of media other than books for storage information. Many libraries are now repositories and access points for map prints and non prints and other documents on various storage media such as Microfilm, microfiche audio tapes, CDs, DVDs and provide public facilities to access CD-ROM and subscription databases and internet. Thus modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access to information in many sources.

The advent of virtual library will effect a major transition in delivering library services. We can no longer expect users to be present in the library to ask for assistance or for traditional libraries instructions. The delivery of services to a primarily remote group of users a network system will mandate a fresh look at how libraries are organized, staffed and funded deliver information services.

Definition: A Virtual Library is a collection of resources available on one or more computer systems,

where a single interface or entry point to the collections is provided Virtual Libraries: Virtual libraries are libraries that consist only of resources available in a digital format which can be accessed locally storage on a hard disk or through computer networks public or private.

Basic Competencies: The impact of ICT and New technologies is a cumulative process and requires acquisition

of computer and information structuring competencies in order to manage new technology changes. Computer literacy is no longer a new topic, but has become a prerequisite for all special librarians. Required knowledge of databases has now surpassed knowing the retrieval language and database structure of server frequently used subject oriented online CD ROM databases to include new aspects such as special traits of individual retrieval components from different hosts for the same database, differences between online and CD-ROM databases or between






various versions of the same CD-ROM database or basic knowledge of the institution OPAC required knowledge of database structure has expanded to includes various types of structures and formats required for downloading into the researchers own literature databases modifying the library OPAC or producing new databases for CD-ROM production. Furthermore with respect of the impact of currently greatest instrument of new technology, the internet knowledge of database structure extends for using. Telnet connection to access remote library catalogue using the wide variety of access and retrieval structures to the implementation of existing databases into internet compatible databases by using WAIS. Harvester Exlite and others front-end indexing and retrieval programs or similar database which can be search directly by internet users.

Advantages of Virtual Library It saves or reduces the physical space taken up by library materials. If often adds enhanced searching capabilities in a digital format.

The library materials are available at the user‘s desktop, regardless of where the users is

physically located. It allows for the inclusion of materials only available on the internet.

It provides the user with the capability to download and manipulate text. It often allows for multiple concurrent users.

It eliminates the problem of a book being missing or off the shelf. Anytime anywhere access- Reference material that traditionally could not be removed

can now be used outside of the physical library student can access their school/ college library at home, at a friend‘s or relative‘s house or the public library.

Students learn information & critical literacy skill in context. Materials are not lost.

Disadvantages of Virtual Library Every product has its own distinct user interface. Users needed to remember different password for the different products.

The scope of coverage and available archives is often limited. There are often difficulties with downloading or printing.

Often there is no cost saving especially when both the virtual and print producrts are maintained.

Everything is not available in digital format.

There are restrictions which vary from vendor to vendor on how the product can be used. The virtual library relies on power and computer networks in order to be available for

use. Users can‘t spread everything out in front them and use it all at once. Users are most comfortable using books.

Emerging Challenge of the Librarian The librarian must fulfill many various roles and responsibilities. They are many challenges facing librarians as they strive to develop their multifaceted role.

He should be familiar with the many emerging technologies.






He should fully aware of the potential the emerging technologies have for institutions.

He should provide the leadership necessary to take full advantage of the information programs.

He should also aware of the new development in technologies, telecommunication, ICT, Information storage and retrieval etc.

Strategies To provide intellectual access to information in any format.

To evaluate available sources of information. To organized and structure information. To ensure the prevention of information.

To provide specialized staff to offer instructions and assistance in interpreting resources.

Conclusion The advent of computers and library automation changed the practice of librarianship.

The development of ICT, WWW, and internet has heralded further change. Librarians could be excused for wondering if there is a role for them in the virtual library environment. Therefore the role of the librarian is evolving to network specialist, information broker and system designer to mention only a few direction. In essence an overall intensification of specialization both in the technologies aspects of library and information retrieval work as well as stronger subject oriented competencies and evaluation abilities are being demanded of the information professionals and should be taken into consideration both in the training and education of librarians as well as in in-service continuing education to meet the changing technological demands. References

https://arllenrium.wordpress.com http://www.info.librarian.com http://www.doaj.org http://www.dilib.org Kiran, Minase and Premlata Kurhekar (2011) one day national conference, academic

librarianship in India in 21st century: challenges and opportunities, Nagpur (p.87)

https://arllenrium.wordpress.com/

http://www.info.librarian.com/

http://www.doaj.org/

http://www.dilib.org/






Use of Mobile Technology in Library for Providing Library Services

Shekhar G Dixit 8055187948

[email protected] BA, Blisc, Mlisc, NET,SET

Asst.Librarian. Saraswati College Shegaon,Dist-Buldhana

Abstract:

Current paper discuss on the use of mobile technology in libraries. The paper discuss about the services that can be provide through mobile technology to user. Information communication technology has been changing the rapidly. New tool and technics are used in every section of education. Libraries always adopted the new technologies in library to provide information services to user. Today Mobile phones become the important part of human‟s life.

People are using mobile technology for their routine work. Libraries are facing lots of problem. Using mobile technology to provide information services to user can overcome most of the problems of libraries. Using mobile technology in library services instant information can be provided to user. User can access or get the desire information they wanted on their places anytime anywhere. It will helpful for libraries to outreach the non-user of library. The present paper discuss about the advantages and barriers of using mobile technology in library.

Keyword:Mobile technology, Mobile Library Services, Mobile Library application, Mobile Library.

Introduction: Information communication technology has been changing day by day. The era of cell

phones has been started from 1990s.To till date lots of significant changes have been made in mobile technology. At the starting of the mobile phone it is only used for making and receiving call. Day by day technology is improved and mobile phone is started using for lots of causes. With the development of mobile and internet technology mobile phones become the important part of human‘s life. Now a day every person has the smartphones. Today‘s smartphone are more

features than ever before including mp3, video, and internet. Eight out of ten people are using mobiles. Using this mobile technology libraries and information center can provide lots of services to user.

Library is a social intuition which connects people with information. Information play very important role in today‘s era of technology.Most of the people are hungry for readymade information. Now a days library and information center are facing lots of problem like funds, low user and low use of libraries. Development and innovation in information communication technology brings the faster access to information for the user.That‘s why the most of user are

avoiding libraries because libraries are not fulfilling the need of faster accessibility of information for user. Libraries have to adopt the new technology for providing the various information services to user at their door.

Now days libraries are working on the user centric, technology based services and providing personal value added services. Digital libraries, Internet and network of libraries provide library services to user at their doorsteps wherever they are. And development of smart







phone technology lots of services can be provided to user with minimum cost and maximum accessibility. Library and Information Science professionals are no more only for books.it is go beyond the books and journals. They do the challenging non profitable business of satisfying information needs of users. Therefore, today‘s LIS professionals look forward to assume new

earnings of communication for reach the maximum users to take information at their ease. (Dr. K. Kumar) Mobile devices can be a best medium to provide instant library services to user. Most of the library user has the smartphones or tablets. 3G and 4G technology brings the tremendous development in Mobile technology. With a signal 3G or 4G connection user can access the information from the library like e books, e journal, database, OPAC or multimedia content. Mobile can access network and download the content streaming over the network. It is very convenient technology for user. Development in mobile technology brings the new opportunity for libraries to sustain in this era. Libraries can use this mobile technology to promote library services and outreach the most user of information.

Objectives of the study To study the use of mobile technology in libraries To identify the services which can be given to user through mobile technology

To study the advantages and disadvantages of mobile technology in libraries To encourage librarian and library user to use mobile technology in library

Mobile technology Mobile technology is the technology used for cellular telecommunication. Mobile code-

division multiple access (CDMA) technology has been change rapidly over the past few years. Since the start of this millennium 2000, a standard mobile device has gone from being no more than a simple two-way pager to being a mobile phone, GPS navigation device, an embedded web browser and instant messaging client, and a handheld gaming console. Many experts of telecommunication technology believe that the future of computer technology rests in mobile computing with wireless networking. Mobile computing is more popular than the tablet computers in last few years. Mobiles and Tablets are available on the 3G and 4G networks.Mobile technology can be dividing in the following categories

1G Technology 1G refers to first generation wireless Cellular technology. These technology is introduces

in 1980s and continued using until the 2G technology being introduced. 2G Technology

2Gtechnologies refer to second generation wireless Cellular technology. It was launched in 1991 by Radiolinjaa Finland based GSM operator company.The main difference in 1G and 2G technology is that the signals used in 1G technology are analog whereas 2G technologies network are digital. 3G Technology

3G is a short name of third generation wireless mobile telecommunication technology. It is the upgrade version of 2G communication technology. 3G technology was introduced in 1998 by the NIT DOCOMO in Japan and first commercial was lunched by the same NIT DOCOMO Company in Japan. 3G telecommunication networks support services that provide the transfer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pager

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_navigation_device

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaging

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handheld_gaming_console

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_network

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolinja






rate of information at least 0.2Mbits/s. later 3.5G and 3.75G upgrade version of 3G technology were used to access internet in smartphone and mobile modem in laptop computers. This 3G technology used in smartphones to access mobile internet, wireless internet, make video calls and mobile TV technology. 3G technology gain the popularity in 2010 with innovation of smartphones. 4G Technology

4G is the fourth generation wireless mobile technology. Currently most of the user of smartphone is using 4G technology in their mobiles. It the most famous technology. Potential and current applications included in 4G mobile technology is amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and 3D television. 5G Technology

5G is the fifth generation of wireless mobile communications technology. It succeeds the 4G , 3G and 2G systems. 5G technology performance targets high data rate, reduced latency, energy saving, cost reduction, higher system capacity, and massive device connectivity.5G technology is under the release phase

Services can be provided through Mobile Technology Following Library services can be provided to userthrough Mobile A) Notification on SMS

Libraries can provide many type of notification to user. Libraries can provide alerts to user regarding latest news of library, event. User can get instant alert on new book arrival. New journal arrival. User can send the suggestion to librarian on mobile. User can get notification on reserve document. Librarian can send the notification regarding overdue of books, reminder to return book, library circulars, journal scrimption, event of library etc B) CAS SDI Services

CAS SDI comes under the personalizes library services. It is provided to some special user. CAS SDI services can be provided instantly to user through mobile technology. User can get the instant notification of the new information available in the library of their subject. In this way mobile technology can be used efficiently in library to provide CAS and SDI services. C) E Document Delivery Service

Recent day‘s document delivery becomes the important service of big libraries and information center. It is also a personalize information services provided to user. Now days most of the information is publishing in electronic forms (E Document). User can get the notification of content available E document in library. After seeing the content user demand for the document.

E Document delivery service can provide to user through mobile technology on direct to user mobile instantly. It is a chargeable information service and libraries can raise the fund for libraries using mobile technology in document delivery service. Now a day‘suser wants instant

information on their hands and they are ready to pay for it. D) Use of Mobile Technology inE learning

Student, Researcher is become habitual to use of mobile phones. Mobile phones can be used in university and college libraries in e education. User can access lots of e book e journals on mobile. Mobile technology can be useful in distance education also. By providing SWAYAM or NPTEL video to student on their smartphones or tab

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_web

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_telephony

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_telephony

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDTV

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_TV

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_conferencing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latency_(engineering)






E) Database searching Libraries provide access to its collection and various databases. It include OPAC search.

User can use their mobiles or tabs in searching information in various databases. PubMed is a Mobile base Portal database of National Medical Library of USA. F) My library Mobile Application

My library is a personal library space where users can search and find information and resources of their Choice. Users can read alerts, check records, renew resources, request document, demand and track interlibrary loans and document delivery requests, set up email notices of new books and journal articles, set up preferences for catalogue searching, etc. G) E resources on Mobile

User can access variety of e resource like e book, e journals, e articles, and library blogs on their mobiles or tabs. Now day‘s lots of e resources Provider Company provide the log-in base access to information. User can log in to their account form anywhere and access the information. User can access this e resources in their mobile or tabs. Libraries can make use of multimedia messaging service (MMS) on mobile devices to share Images, videos- audio. Most of the e resources and database publishers provide 24x7 accesses to the library subscriptions from any internet terminal within the campus, as well on mobile devices, such as IPads, Android devices, and Kindle. H) Library Guide

Libraries can give the library Guide information to user on mobile. It can be the best way to guide or give instruction to user regarding using of library. Libraries can answer the various question of user using mobile technology instantly. H) Mobile Reference Service

Reference service is one of the important services of the library. Reference service can be given efficiently to user using mobile technology. Users question regarding information can be solved quickly and user get their desire information on their hand within short of time. I) Mobile OPAC

Mobile OPAC is application in smartphones. Manny software providing company is providing the Mobile OPAC facility to their client. User can download the application from play store and installed in their phones and the can search books available in the library. J) QR Codes on Mobiles

QR code stands for quick Response. It is the trademark for a type of matrix barcode. QR code is two-dimensional bar codes that can contain any alphanumeric text and often used to store urls, text, etc., known as ‗mobile tagging. By using QR codes lots of information of library and user can be transfer. K) Wi Fi services

Now a day‘s most of the library provides 24*7 WI Fi service to its user. Using Wi Fi on

their mobile user can access lots information on their hand with just a click. Requirement for the implementation of Mobile Technology in Library : Following things are require for the implementation of mobile technology and services in the libraries

The first most important things that require in the library is the identification of services that can be given to the user through mobile and equipment require for it

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_barcode






Libraries must have the information collection in digital form which can be provided to user through mobile

Most important things require in the library is the sufficient hardware and software technology for the mobile library services.

Libraries must create the digital environment to use the mobile technology in library services

Library must have its own website which contains the most of the information of libraries.

Web OPAC facility Electronic information delivery system and access system

Libraries require the skill full professional staff who can handle the technical operation of information delivery and access.

Mobile Devices Used In Libraries: o Smart Phones o PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant) o Cell Phones o I Pods and MP3 players o Tablets

Advantages of using Motile Technology in libraries : 1. User friendly:

Most of the users are aware of using mobile and mobile technology. Using mobile is a regular work for them. They don‘t need any orientation of using it. Email, messaging, browsing are the basic things they do on mobile. That‘s why using mobile in library services

is an easy task for user. 2. Personalized Service:

Personalized service helps users to interact with library staff to seek specific information or reference away from library

3. Ability to Access Information: User does not need to attend the library physically. By using their mobile phone user can access the information anytime anywhere.

4. Time Saving: Users need not record information about resources while browsing and searching library resources or wait at library transaction counter to renew/reserve books and hence the time of the user is saved.

5. User Participation: User can participate in libraries by allowing user to create content like notes or images uploaded by user

6. Location Awareness: By using Mobile communication libraries can offer location based services with help of GPS technology. Libraries can guide the user to get the specific document

7. Limitless Access: Using mobile technology libraries can provide limitless and timeless access to resources.






Limitation or barriers of Mobile Technology in libraries: High cost Requirement of advanced hardware and software technology Problem of content ownership Digital right management issues related to trust and security Issue related user privacy Lack of staff awareness and familiarity Increasing staff reductions and other cutbacks

Conclusion : Information communication technologies are changing day by day. Every time libraries

has adopted the changes in nature of ICT. Libraries make the maximum use of information communication technology to provide information services and management of information. Mobile technology is gaining popularity in every field of daily routine of human‘s life. User

information need is increasing today. It is becoming difficult to library to provide instant services to user on their places. Application of mobile phone to provide library services to user will open a new door to libraries for gaining the popularity in users. Mobile technology can be very useful for libraries to provide information services to user anytime anywhere. Mobile technology can be very useful for libraries to outreach the user who don‘t use the library. For this purpose use of

mobile technology is very useful. Use of mobile technology in library can become a backbone.

Reference 1. Sharma, Dhara and Sahoo, Dipti Ranjan. 2014. ―Application of Mobile Technology in

Library Services: An Overview‖, International Journal of Information Technology and Library Science, Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 17-24

2. Saxena, Archana and Yadav, R D. 2013. ―Impact of Mobile Technology On Libraries: A

Descriptive Study‖International Journal of Digital Library Services, Vol. 3 No. 4, pp.1-13

3. Negi, Dheeraj Singh. 2014. "Using mobile technologies in libraries and information centers", Library Hi Tech News, Vol. 31 Issue 5, pp. 14-16

4. Roy, Mani Bhusan and Kumar, Naresh. 2017. ―Application of Mobile Technology in

Library Services‖ International Journal of Information Movement, Vol.2 Issue VII, pp. 168-172

5. Liu, Y., and Briggs, S. 2015. ―A Library in the Palm of Your Hand: Mobile Services in

Top 100 University Libraries‖. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND LIBRARIES,

133-148. 6. Trivedi, Mayank and Suthar, Vishnu. 2011. ―A plan of M-Library for Smt. HansaMehta

Library: A study‖, International Journal of Information and Communication Technology

Research. Vol 1 No 3, pp. 91-95 7. Malathy S and Kantha P. 2013. ―Application of Mobile Technologies to Libraries‖,

DESIDOC Journal of Library &Informaton Technology, Vol. 33 No.5, pp.361-366. 8. Barile, Lori. 2010. ―Mobile technologies for libraries: a list of mobile applications and

resources for development‖, College & Research Libraries News, vol. 72, no. 4, p. 222-228.

9. https://en.wikipedia.org

https://en.wikipedia.org/






Use of Social Networking Sites and it Application in Library

Ku. Chhaya A. Khanzode Librarian

Institute of Pharmacy & Research , Badnera- Amravati Email: [email protected]

Dr. Ravindra D. Sarode Assistant Professor


Email: [email protected] Abstract: Social Networking (SN) just began from late 21st century and growing up rapidly up to date. It verified as a medium of communication with one to another for sharing their experiences and information regarding interest, and also helps to build up long-time relationship between individuals and group. In the field of LIS services, it may be quietly help to promote the services of LIC (Library and Information Centers) to develop the proficiency about technology of professionals and other side like users.

Keyword: SNS (Social Networking Sites), LIS Professionals, Online community,

Introduction: Now a day‘s Information Communication Technology is approach to transmitting the

idea or thought or information between one to another and understanding through the interaction, in other words it is the act of sharing or exchanging information, ideas or feelings. There are various technique to communication that establish through the network, web technologies are creating more friendly, social and fun environments for retrieving and sharing information and one of such Social networking websites are a good example of communication network and it is a social structure that lets the user interact and work collaboratively with other users. Although people have been using the internet to connect with others since the early 1980s, it is only in the last decade that social networking services have proliferated and their use has become widespread practice – particularly amongst young people and changing the ways in which people use and engage with the internet and with each other. Young people particularly are quick to use the new technology in ways which increasingly blur the boundaries between their online and offline activities. The uniqueness of this social networking is to share information among users ranging from highly personal to academic interests of the participants and it has become one of the largest platform in the world for sharing real time information and its possible uses for LIS Professionals and to assess how much real transformation this technology can deliver, while deflating reaffirmation and singling out the real assessment of these innovations.

Definitions: Social Networking Sites:

Social networking sites can be broadly defined as an internet or mobile-based social space where people can connect, communicate, and create and share content with others. While we use the term "social network site" to describe this occurrence, the term "social networking sites" also appears in public discourse, and the two terms are often used interchangeably. We






chose not to employ the term "networking" for two reasons: emphasis and scope. "Networking" emphasizes relationship initiation, often between strangers. While networking is possible on these sites, it is not the primary practice on many of them, nor is it what differentiates them from other forms of computer‐mediated communication

According to Computing Dictionary (2011), ―Social networking site as any website

designed to allow multiple users to publish content of them. The information may be on any subject and may be for consumption by friends, mates, employers, employees just to mention a few.

Boyd and Ellison (2007) define ―social networking sites as Web-based services that allow individuals to having three common elements (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. The nature and nomenclature of these connections may vary from site to site‖

Advantages of Social Networking: 1. Worldwide Connectivity 2. Commonality of Interest 3. Real-Time Information Sharing 4. Free Advertising 5. Increased News Cycle Speed

Disadvantages of Social Networking: 1. Face to Face Connections are endangered 2. Cyber bullying and Crimes against Children 3. Risks of Fraud or Identity Theft 4. Time Waster 5. Corporate Invasion of Privacy 6. Negative Health Consequences 7. Diminishing Privacy

Types Of Social Networking Services :

https://www.google.co.in/search?q=social+networking+sites

https://www.google.co.in/search?q=social+networking+sites






A social networking service or social networking site is a platform to build social networks or social relations among people who share interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. It covers the two main formats – sites that are primarily organised around users' profiles and those that are organised around collections of content. However, it‘s important to

remember that services may be different and characterised by more than one category. Educators setting up private groups in order to make use of collaborative space and tools are a good example of this.

1. Profile-based SNS: Profile-based services are primarily organised around members' profile pages. Bebo, Facebook and MySpace, are all good examples of this. Users often include third party content in order to enhance their profiles, or as a way of including information from other web services and SNS.

2. Content-based SNS: In these services, the user's profile remains an important way of organising connections, but plays a secondary role to the posting of content. Content-based communities include Flickr, Shelfari, and YouTube.com for video-sharing and last.fm, where the content is created by software that monitors and represents the music that users listen to.

3. White-label SNS: Most SNS offer some group-building functionality, which allows users to form their own mini-communities within sites. Platforms such as Ning and PeopleAggregator broadbandmechanics.com. These sites offer members the opportunity to create and join communities. This means that users can create their own ―mini-MySpace‘s‖10, small scale social networking sites which support specific interests,

events or activities. 4. Multi-User Virtual Environments: Sites such as Second Life, an online virtual world,

allow users to interact with each other‘s avatars – a virtual representation of the site member. Although the users have profile cards, their functional profiles are the characters they customise or build and control. There are also hybrids of these

and social-networking sites, such as Habbo Hotel and Cyworld. 5. Mobile SNS: Many social network sites such as MySpace, MYUBO and Twitter offer

mobile phone versions of their services that allowing members to interact with their networks via their phones. Increasingly, too, there are mobile–led and mobile-only based communities allows users to share and view video over mobile networks.

6. Micro-blogging/ Presence Updates: Micro-blogging services such as Twitter and Jaiku allow you to publish short (140 characters, including spaces) messages publicly or within contact groups. They are designed to work as mobile services, but are popularly used and read online. Many services offer ‗status updates‘ – short messages that can be updated to let people know what mood you are in or what you are doing. These can be checked within the site or exported to be read elsewhere. They engage users in constantly updated conversation and contact with their online networks.

7. People Search: People search is another important web development. There are various kinds of social and people search, but sites like Wink generate results by searching across the public profiles of multiple social network sites allows search by name, interest, location and other information published in profiles and allowing the creation of Web-based "dossiers" on individuals. This type of people search cuts across the traditional






boundaries of social network site membership, although the data that are retrieved should already be public.

Benefits of Social Networking Service Use There are facts of a broad range of benefits to young people associated with the use of Social Networking Service. Below we summaries these as Media Literacy, Formal Educational Outcomes, Informal Education and Learning, Creativity, Individual Identity and Self-Expression, Strengthening Social Relationships, Belonging and Collective Identity, Building and Strengthening Communities, Civic and Political Participation, Self-Efficacy and Wellbeing

Utilization Of Social Networking And It Application In Library: User approach towards library is changing gradually; it wants most practical and speedily

information in e-learning age. But retrieve quick and easy information to user is a big challenge to library professional. Social networking helps library professional to share information with patrons and students in the easiest way for digital library environment. The possible implication of social networking can be successful by conducting maximum research and experiment on social networking from different point of view on library. That social networking tools were helpful in promoting library services was consistent with the finding that the two most reported purposes for which libraries used social networking tools were promotion of library events such as exhibitions, competitions, talks, seminars, workshops, tutorials, training courses and dissemination of news events alert, library updates. Purposes for using social networking tools, which included the following: to offer library resources including answer enquiries, catalogue search and information about new collections and lists, to convey general library information, and to offer online resources. Ezeani, Chinwe Nwogo and Igwesi, U Zoamaka. (2012) suggest, ―…library should follow the public conversations, posts, updates, and events of these key

individuals, and pro-actively offer advice, resources, and help. He should act as an active participant of the social space and be able to identify the needs of the members of the library communities and to proffer solutions by offering information, links to the websites that are relevant to their information needs; and even direct offers of help. There is an urgent need for libraries to adopt the new social networking tools in their services as a strategy to embrace change while promoting a participatory role for library users in knowledge creation. The growing use of social networking tools calls for librarians to develop 21st century skills on digital technologies. Libraries can connect their social networking sites with their library Websites to links to their catalog, chat reference pages, research guides, calendar of events, news etc. Some of the roles of the social networking

Librarian Include: Understanding and articulating the nature of social networking sites, creating webpage

and content, establishing friendly user interface over the network, creating online database management, evaluating and applying information, and assisting users with skill acquisition. Other skills for a social networking literate librarian include: searching and navigating the web, creating social network space, teaching, and providing quality online library services.‖ Library

professional can use in three broad activities in library and information services are Information sharing, Knowledge distribution and knowledge organization.






Information Sharing: Social networks are a great way to test your commitment to open communication. In this process librarian can keep constant touch and effective interaction with staff, patrons and faculty in online collaborative environment. The social networking tools that can be practiced by the library for the aforementioned purposes are: MySpace, Facebook, Ning, Blog, Meebo, LinkedIn and Twitter etc.

Information Distribution: Information sharing is the major part and crucial area where professionals should looks

seriously while considering and designing library activities in digital age. Patron‘s satisfaction

should give first and foremost priority by providing right information at the right time in a right way from anywhere. Library professionals should rethink for implementing technologies in library services from early period. Virtual Reference Desk (VRD) can be performed by Wikipedia that can planed, design and disseminate information to patrons by KM Wiki, Podcast, YouTube, Blogger, SecondLife Flickr, TeacherTube, Wikipedia PBwiki, Footnote, Community Walk, Slide Share, Digg StumbleUpon and Daft Doggy etc

Knowledge Organization: Social networks tools can helps the Library professionals in KO environment for getting handy and Harvesting information from individual users for improving library services, academic research, etc. which can be accessible with the social networking technologies. The following tools can effectively use in library and information centre for patrons as: aNobii, Del.icio.us, Netvibes, Connotea, LibraryThing and lib.rario.us etc

User Risk to Using SNS: The following categories risks might be applicable to social media and specifically to

SNSs: Crime and violence ; Recreation ;War, security and terrorism; Political, social and financial; Human disease/health ;Occupational and Consumer products but knowing the user risk to user SNS Haynes, David & Robinson, Lyn (2015) find out a graphical representation. There they suggested possible solution of risk to using SNS, ―...current regulatory activity is risk based,

this approach could provide a means of evaluating different, regulatory approaches. For example, it might be possible to consider whether proposed changes in legislation tend to increase or reduce each of the risk categories in terms of probability of occurrence and severity of impact.‖

Social Networking Opportunities For Libraries: Social networking presents some important opportunities to libraries which include

marketing of library services and reference services. • Marketing of Library Services The growing population of patrons and librarians that make use of social networking is an indication that it is an ideal vehicle for marketing the services of libraries to patrons. Flickr is an excellent marketing tool which could be used by librarians to sensitize the users on general library services. Most students are not aware of the different services offered in the library such as reservation of books, reference services and Strategic Dissemination of Information (SDI). Librarians can spread awareness of library services to those who may not be aware of these services via Social Media. Librarians can also develop subjectspecific blogs and play a leading






role in advocating the use of blogs for scholarly communication and commenting on research findings. • Reference Services

The use of social networking tools enable librarians to identify library patrons on the social cyberspace and pro-actively provide the type of information that would normally result from reference service. Social networking tools are not only being used as a vehicle for promoting services, programs and new resources but they are also used for reference service Students are using tools like Ask a Librarian, and twitter to ask questions in ―real time and this is

assisting in promoting the library as a relevant, efficient and helpful place.

Future Roles Of Librarians: Libraries play important roles in providing information for research and access to

knowledge. In order to stay relevant in the socially networked environment and meet the growing needs of their users, libraries therefore need to proactively embrace the new technologies and face the challenges for better services delivery. Librarians are responding to the popularity of social networking sites and their expanding role in the creation, use, and sharing of information by engaging them as a central medium for interacting with library patrons and providing services to meet their information needs. The ways in which people communicate, acquire and share knowledge, will inevitably have an impact on the library, its services, and its staff. Librarians should follow the public conversations, posts, updates, and events of these key individuals, and pro-actively offer advice, resources, and help. He should act as an active participant of the social space and be able to identify the needs of the members of the library communities and to proffer solutions by offering information, links to the websites that are relevant to their information needs; and even direct offers of help. There is an urgent need for libraries to adopt the new social networking tools in their services as a strategy to embrace change while promoting a participatory role for library users in knowledge creation. The growing use of social networking tools calls for librarians to develop 21st century skills on digital technologies. Libraries can connect their social networking sites with their library Websites to links to their catalog, chat reference pages, research guides, calendar of events, news etc. Some of the roles of the social networking librarian include: understanding and articulating the nature of social networking sites, creating webpage and content, establishing friendly user interface over the network, creating online database management, evaluating and applying information, and assisting users with skill acquisition. Other skills for a social networking literate librarian include: searching and navigating the web, creating social network space, teaching, and providing quality online library services

1. Identity Management – Librarians should be able to examine profiles of users to mirror their information needs and match them with the library collections

2. Network Awareness - Should be able to share views and create awareness of the different social network sites and their uses.

3. Expert Search – The 21st century librarian should be an expert in web navigation; able to find friends of friends, and potential library users with common interest.

4. Contact Management – Librarians can cross-link people and ideas among the conglomerate of different groups.






5. Context Awareness – should be diversified in knowledge and able to link information to people‘s profiles. The important characteristics of social networking (SN) in libraries are:

6. Participatory - Users have the opportunity to actively engage in the construction of knowledge rather than being passive consumers of content;

7. Educative – Users are kept abreast of the latest developments and can have open access to knowledge;

8. Collaborative –Social Network ensures knowledge sharing, establishes communication link with experts and allows users to develop a team working skill;

9. Fascinating – It is inspiring, interesting and users can be engrossed in the use of social network sites; some users garner information with these sites in an easy and unencumbered manner;

10. Flexibility – Easy content creation and sharing, easy to update files and personal contact.

Conclusion: Social networking sites proved a vast area for communication with others, which are

online network. SNS in library can be used productively but it has thread to user to using without circumspection. Libraries can proliferate to these networks for reaching out strategy to new generation users at their own space and time but it is also important that to provide quality services and interact with users efficiently. Khan, AM & Ansari, A (2014) find in her study that, Remarkable point is Social networking tools may be used as an interactive platform for LIS professionals to reaching out their various categories of user, young generation professionals are more active and feel comfortable through their techno-savvy nature compare than traditional way of serving services. The most of respondent feel this is easy way to communicate with their user group and also may be using SN tools for find out the research contents. The effectively use of SNS in library training and awareness program should be given to users and professionals prospectively about applications, benefits and risks associated with social networking sites. References:

1. Ayiah, Efua Mansa and Kumah, Cynthia Henewaa. (2011). Social Networking: a tool to use for service delivery to clients by African Libraries. World library and information congress. San Juan : IFLA,13-18 August

2. Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 13(1). Availabl http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol13/issue1/boyd.ellison.html.

3. Charlotte N. Gunawardena , Mary Beth Hermans , Damien Sanchez , Carol Richmond , Maribeth Bohley & Rebekah Tuttle (2009). A theoretical framework for building online communities of practice with social networking tools, Educational Media International, 46(1), 3-16

4. Charnigo, L. and P. Barnett-Ellis. (2007). Checking Out Facebook.com: The Impact of a Digital Trend on Academic Libraries. Information Technology & Libraries. 26 (1):23-34.

5. Chu , Melanie and Meulemans, Yvonne Nalani . (2008) ―The Problems and Potential of

MySpace and Facebook usage in academic libraries‖, Internet Reference Services

Quarterly,Vol 13(1).pp:69-85.






6. Chu, S.K.W. & Du, H. (2013). Social Networking Tools for Academic Libraries. Journal of Librarianship & Information Science, 45(1), 64-75.

7. Connell, R.S.(2009). Academic Libraries, Facebook and MySpace, and Student Outreach: A Survey of Student Opinion. portal: Libraries & the Academy 9 (1):25-36.

8. Ezeani, Chinwe Nwogo and Igwesi, U zoamaka, "Using Social Media for Dynamic Library Service Delivery: The Nigeria Experience"(2012). Library Philosophy and Practice ( e-journal). Paper 814.

9. Haynes, David & Robinson, Lyn (2015),"Defining user risk in social networking services", ASLIB Journal of Information Management, Vol. 67 Iss 1 pp. 94 – 115.

10. Kaplan Andreas M., Haenlein Michael. (2010)"Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media". Business Horizons 53 (1).p.67

11. Khan, Abdul Mannan and Ansari, Aslam (2014) "Role of social networks in library and information services in India: a case study of efficiency and effectiveness", Library Hi Tech News, Vol. 31 Iss: 5, pp.11 – 13

12. Kim, Yong-Mi (2010), "User's perceptions of university library websites: a unifying view", Library and Information Science Research, 33(1): 63-72

13. Madhusudan, M and Nagabhushanam, V.(2012). ―Use of web-based library services in select university libraries in India: a study‖. International Journal of Library and

Information Studies, 2(1):1-20. 14. Naushia Parveen.(2011).‖Use of social networking site (facebook) in making awareness

among the library and information science professionals of university libraries of U.P: a case study‖.International Journal of Digital Library Services.1(1),.available on www.ijodls.in

15. Redmond, Fiona. (2010). Social Networking Sites: Evaluating and investigating their use in Academic Research. Dissertation. Dublin Institute of Technology

16. Social Network. (n.d.). The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. Retrieved June 23, 2011, fromDictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/social network

17. Suri, Samiksa.(2013). ―Use of Social Networking Sites in higher education‖.

International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research, 1(8), 7-1 18. White, Mary Gormandy (2014). What Types of Social Networks Exist? Available on :

http://socialnetworking.lovetoknow.com/What_Types_of_Social_Networks_Exist






Development of Ict in Library and Information Services

Dr. Pallavi D. Chopde Research Scholar

Sant Gadage Baba Amravati University Amravati.

Email ID :- [email protected]

Abstract : Library professionals need distinct information tools (Information Communication

Technology) for daily routine tasks as well as for research and academic activities. The latest devices for information communication technology have resulted in the rapid circulation of knowledge and have transformed the information handling activities in research and academic libraries in India. Research and academic libraries, mostly associated with universities and research institutions as centers of library services, have enormously improved with the expeditious changes in information communication technology. The emergence of modern library advances in ICT has opened up new ways of accumulating regulating and disseminating scientific and technical information. Research and academic libraries have already changed their routine tasks by using effective and efficient information communication technologies to intensify and integrate their electronic resources and services. Finally, librarians in research and academic libraries need to update their knowledge and expertise in information and communication technology (ICT) in order to successfully undertake their roles of being responsible for validating the library.

Key Words :- ICT, ICT Literacy Digital Library E-Resources, online databases.

Online Public Caccess Catalogue And User Service Library catalogue is perhaps the most important tool for locating material in the Library.

Unfortunately its value has been restricted by its physical form, most commonly a large card catalogue or a set of printed volumes. The advent of computers, with their ability to process large amounts of information a variety of formats has finally brought the library to the customer, wherever he or she may be located, in the form of online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC).

OPAC provides access to the catalogue through a computer terminal. OPAC allows searching the entire catalogue online, conveniently and quickly, using one or more search criteria. One can, for example. nor, title, keywords, class number or one or more of these combined together. OPAC even shows status of a book, whether it is loaned out, available on the shelf or lying elsewhere. Another advantage of OPAC is its ability to display catalogue records in a variety of formats such as AACR2, MARC etc, and the records can be displaced in a desired order. For example one can display records arranged (Sorted) by another, title or call number. Most library management packages offer printing of bibliographies from OPAC on a printer or on a file. An OPAC terminal should be equipped with search software, which is usually part of integrated library management systems such as LibSys, EasyLib, NewGenLib, SOUL, Sanjay etc. Some integrated library management packages even use OPAC for other user services like reservation, membership enquiry and registration, interlibrary loans etc.







Information Services Some of the important changes that developments in ICT have brought about in

information services are: 1. Changes in formats, contents and methods of production & delivery of information

products, and a new business model for use of information products. This requires procedural and infrastructural changes and cost implications in Libraries.

2. Emergence of Internet as the largest repository of information and knowledge. 3. Extinction or significant transformation of some of the conventional information services

such as press clippings, contents pages, company information etc. 4. Use of new tools and technologies for dissemination of information. 5. Transformation of role of LIS professional as the subject specialist and end-user gets

directly involved in the information work and consequent need for new skills. 6. Shift from physical to virtual services that offer convenience of time and location for

access to services.

Ict Based New Services A library web page or Universal Resource Locator (URL) facilitates single window

access to various web enabled library services. A URL could be as simple as a library web page listing the services with some links to catalogue and external free and subscribed resources or may include advance features like interactive helps and value added services such as subject gateways, self-help tools and frequently asked questions, and information about the library such as timings, calendar, rules etc can be hosted on the library web site. Apart from the ICt enabled conventional services, Libraries are making use of potential of internet and computing power to provide new and innovative services. In a web enabled environment the new LIS services can be grouped into the following three categories:

Providing access to internet and internet based services Providing access to web based resources Providing access local or internal information resources in digital form

Access To Web Based Resources E-Journals:

Libraries have been exploring easy to cope with the problems of ever increasing prices of the journals, space requirements and decreasing level of the usage as the journals get older. Nevertheless, libraries are required to maintain back issues of the journal, usually in bound form. Electronic Journal helps the librarians it significantly affecting the service levels. Electronic librarians in addressing these problem to great extent without significantly affecting the service levels. Electronic Journals can be accessed via internet from any web enabled PC. Depending on the type of subscription, one or more users can access the service simultaneously, either directly from an independent web enabled PC or in a local area network through a proxy server (IP addresses based access). Electronic journals also offer benefit of full text searching and downloading of articles. Access to articles in electronic journals can also be made through aggregator services which offer searchable databases of contents of e-journals from several publishers , and links to journal site for full text. Emerald, OCLC and J-Gate are some of the example of e-journal aggregator services. The main disadvantage of electronic journal is that libraries cannot physically possess the journals.






E-Books: E-Book has been described as a text analogous to a book that is in digital form to be

displayed on a computer screen. E-books can be read just like a paper book, using dedicated E-Book reader such as GemStar eBook or on a computer screen after downloading it. There are also some newer technologies developing such as electronic paper, which is much like paper, except that the text can be changed, and talking books in MP3 format. E-book offer advantages like portability, 24 hours access, text search, annotation, linking, and multimedia and self-publishing possibilities. Development of e-book is still in the infancy stage and issues like compatibility, e-book readers, availability and intellectual property rights are to be addressed before it can be implemented on large scale.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD): Dissertations and theses produced at universities are important sources of information

and knowledge for further research. A large number of universities have converted their theses and dissertation collection into digital libraries and have made it available on Internet for global access. A number of universities have also implemented Electronic Theses and Dissertation programmes, where researchers submit theses in electronic format. Some initiatives such as Networked Digital Library of Dissertation and Theses (NDLTD) (www.ndltd.org) in development of web based union catalogues of ETDs submitted over 100 libraries throughout the world are worth mentioning.

Conclusion : Conventional LIS such as OPAC, User Services, Reference Service, Bibliographic

Service, Current Awareness Service, Document Delivery, Inter-library loan, and Audio-Visual Services can be provided more efficiently and effectively by using ICT, as they offer convenience of time and place, cost effectiveness, faster and most up to date dissemination and end user's involvement in the LIS processes. OPAC and Web OPAC use power of computers to find the library material and also provide many additional benefits such as online reservation of books, remote access, requesting books for loan, loan renewals, books suggestions etc. References:

Arora, Jagdish. (2001) Web-based digital resources and services: trends and innovation. In Creation and management of digital resources. Papers presented at the Eighth National Convention for Automation of Libraries in Education and Research Institutes (CALIBER-2001) Pune, March 15-16, 2001. Edited by MKR Naidu and others. Ahmedabad: INFLIBNET Centre. Pp. 185-212.

<http://www.freepint.com/issues/090103.htm#feature> Cox,Andrew Heba Mohammed. (2001) E-Books. Free Pint No. 80. http://www.freepint.co.uk/issues/ 010201.htm#feature

Lancaster, E W and Sandore, Beth. (2001) Technology and management in library and information services. London, Library Association.

Sunil Kumar (2008) Encyclopedia and information management.vol.vi.Delhi. Rajat pub.p.221






State of the Art of Library Automation: An Evaluative Study of KRC Solapur and KRC Gondwana University

Rushikumar R. Kuralkar

College Librarian Adarsha Science, J. B. Arts &

Birla Commerce Mahavidyalaya Dhamangaon Rly, Dist Amravati (MS)

Email: [email protected]

Dr. Vaishali Praful Gudadhe (Choukhande) Prof. & Head

Dept. of Library & Information science Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati

Email: [email protected] Abstract :

The said research article is dealing with the present level of achievement in the area of automation of the university library system in the state university libraries in the Maharashtra state. It is noticed that in the various university libraries automation has been taken placed, however, the university libraries of Solapur and Gadchiroli are a very lacking in respect of achievement of library automation. In this era of ICT and high speed communication, it is the first and foremost urge of automation in every walk of life and the university libraries could not be the exception to it. Mostly the university libraries impart the knowledge to the post graduates and to foster the research and development activities. In such a higher level of knowledge gathering activities, it is very essential to provide the pin pointed and timely information the students, academicians as well as to the R & D scholars. However, the situation in some university libraries in Maharashtra state is very dissecting that the university libraries are lacking the sufficient professional staff and proper automation within them. It is found that in the various library automation software packages which are currently in use in the different university libraries are not aptly as well as efficiently utilizing. After the too long period of advent in the sector of ICT the libraries are reluctant to utilize the automation facilities for their own sake. In a nutshell, the reasons of lacking in the utilization of software packages for automating the university libraries are having unskilled staff, lack of periodic induction, improper technical support and etc.

Key words: Library automation, ICT application, Library software packages, Status of library automation.

Introduction : The state Maharashtra has a very long history of education. It is one of the progressive

states in the county. According to the report of All India Survey on Higher Education (2016-17) the Maharashtra has 49 universities among which 1 central university, 5 institute of national importance, 20 are state public universities, 1 is state public university, 1 is state privet university, 7 are deemed universities, 2 are deemed universities aided by the central government of India, 12 are private deemed universities. The advent of information and communication technologies has influenced the entire education sector, thereafter, it is observed that the







knowledge resource centre Solapur and Gondwana universities are not taken the cognizance of the same.

The research article is an endeavor to put the facts of status of library automation in both the university libraries. The paper also elaborates the pragmatic situation of the library professional and non professional staff in these two university libraries, the automation software as well as the availability of the required hardware for the automation. The prime motto of the university libraries is to impart the knowledge to the user fraternity to foster the research and development in the fields of specialization. Now a days the specialized information is exploring in a high speed manner and that the recent information need to be at the doorstep of the clientele so that the proper information can be utilized as well as the user also get be satisfied. This can be happened only when the proper utilization of the modern technologies is done. In the present scenario of 4G and 5G technologies using android applications for seamlessly communication of knowledge is possible.

However, the real fact is so far away from these semantic ideologies in the state universities in Maharashtra and the said things are to be required to pay the special attention and efforts. The author has deliberately pointed out the topic of research to analyse the facts. The author has surveyed all the eleven state university libraries in the Maharashtra state to gain the factual status of the university library automation. In this article basically an intention is paved on the scientific creation of bibliographic databases and the minimum services rendered by the university libraries which are discussed and the inference is drawn.

Incarnation of the research idea: Actually the library automation is the word on the every one‘s tip of tongue. Mostly all

the academic libraries and library professional are striving to do the automation in their libraries. However, it is found that the libraries are merely saying that they are automated but the present scenario is altogether different to the facts. In a nutshell, libraries are not that way automated to cater the needs of their users as well as their internal management point of view. The said research problem is arrived in the mind of the researcher by reading the research articles in the journals and conference proceedings. When the researcher has attended the conferences, seminars and symposiums he came to an end that there is a drastic contradiction regarding the facts about the library automation and the library services rendered by the university libraries. And hence the thought to study the state of art of university libraries‘ automation took birth.

Methodology To collect data, the researcher had to personally observe the present situations in the

university libraries in Maharashtra state. Considering the nature of the study the researcher has decided to collect the data by using survey method. In the survey methodology structured questionnaire i.e. schedule method has been used as a tool to collect the facts.. The interviews had been conducted of the university librarians, deputy librarians, assistant librarians, information scientist and other concerned persons in the university libraries. The collected data was processed and analyzed by using the recommended statistical application software so that to get the pure results.

Objectives of the study The said study has been carried out keeping in view the following objectives






a) To find out the existing status of automation of university libraries in Maharashtra state. b) To observe the tempo of automation in the university libraries in Maharashtra. c) To study the behavior and attitude of the staff towards automation. d) To find out the major hurdles in the process of automation. e) To verify the present status of library services in the purview of library automation f) To suggest measures for the improvement in the process of automation in the libraries.

Profile of the KRCs of Solapur University and Gondwana University Libraries The Solapur district was previously coming under the jurisdiction of Shivaji University,

Kolhapur till 21st July, 2004. At Shivaji University number of the colleges and the students were increasing and Solapur region was experiencing inconvenience. It became necessary to decentralize the education for the effective management and accordingly Solapur University was formed on 22nd July, 2004.

Prior to its inception on 3rd Aug 2004, it was a Post-Graduate Teaching Center (incepted in 1984) of Shivaji University, Kolhapur. At present, Solapur University is located on a campus of 38.5 acres. The university is established at Kegaon which is 9 Km away from Solapur. Around 74 colleges of the district which consists of eleven tahasil are affiliated to the university. These tahasil are North Solapur, South Solapur, Akkalkot, Barshi, Mangalwedha, Phandarphur, Sangola, Malshiras, Mohol, Madha and Karmala. The North Solapur and South Solapur taluka is the Solapur City itself. Library Profile

The Solapur University Library is established in the main building of the University with spacious study room facility in the year 2004. The inaugural of the library building at Kegaon took place on 6th Oct 2000. The Library is mainly used by post graduates, research students. This library is having 32664 books from Barr. Balasaheb Khardekar Library Kolhapur, which are being used by the readers. The University Knowledge Research Center was subscribing 146 national and international research journals and also e-journals. There was a spacious reading room with a capacity of 115 students. The reading room is open from 7.00 am to 10.00 pm. Services offered by the Knowledge Resource Center O.P.A. C. Services Bibliographical Services Reference and Information Services Reprographic Service Broadband Internet Service Inter-Library Loan Service News Papers news Clipping Service Periodicals & Theses Service Gondwana University

The Gondwana University has been conceived and formed with a foresighted view to cater the aspirations of the economically and socio-culturally backward population of Gadchiroli and Chandrapur. Though the network of Governmental agencies have been constantly trying to execute the state welfare policies of an all development, the resultant progress has been sluggish compared to other areas of the state. This lag has created a host of socio-political tensions and problems in the rise of Naxalites violence. To overcome all the tribal problems it was only the






avenue to establish a university which provide the job oriented education to the deplorable people in the region of Gadchiroli. Hence in the year 2011 on 3rd October the Gondwana University is established. Library Profile

With the establishment of the university a university library had been established in the year 2011. The university is offering only PG courses and the UG courses in the affiliated colleges to the university. The library was growing keeping the needs of the students, research scholars, academicians and the stakeholders. At present the library has around 21000 books and 11 journals only. The library is providing only the book lending service to its clientele. Obtained facts

The University of Solapur and the University of Gondwana are established in the year 2004 and 2011 respectively, they have not achieved the level of library automation so far. The Table 1 depicts the year of establishment of the knowledge resource centres and the library automation software with these KRCs. It is found that the library management software is available with the Gondwana University KRC, however it not been installed yet. Table No. 1 Year of establishment of the KRCs and the Automation software with them

SN University Library Year of Est. Library Software 1 KRC Solapur university 2004 SLM+ 2 KRC Gondwana university 2011 SOUL

The Table 2 is dealing with the number of professional and non professional staff was

available with both the university KRCs. It is observed that none of the university KRCs has filled the post of Director of KRC and also not filled the posts of Deputy Librarians, Assistant Librarians as well as the posts of Information scientists. Both the university libraries were taking care by the non library professional staff. The amount of staff was very low in numbers in respect of the university libraries. Table No. 2 the professional and non professional staff in the KRCs

SN Library staff KRC Solapur university KRC Gondwana university 1 Director KRC No No 2 Dy Librarian No No 3 Asst. Librarian No No 4 Inf. Scientist No No 5 Technical Asst. No No 6 Library Asst. 03 No 7 Library Attendants 02 02 8 Others 03 02 Total 07 04

The Table 3 described that both the university libraries are lacking to develop their collection so far. The university library of Gondwana has not subscribed any e-resources and it is very dissecting situation. The Gondwana university has not the back volume of the journals as well as no dissertations and thesis also. Table No 3 Collection in the KRCs SN Library Collection KRC Solapur university KRC Gondwana university 1 Books 32664 21295






2 Journals & Periodicals 146 11 3 e-Books 0 0 4 e-Journals 5000+ 0 5 Bound Volumes of Journals 579 0 6 Thesis& Dissertations 1075 0 7 e-Media 548 0 8 Others 2628 0

These two university libraries were found that they were offering very primary library services to their users like book circulation and Internet surfing only. In the Table 4 only those services are considered which were been rendered on the basis of library automation. Table No 4 Services rendered by the KRCs SN Library services KRC Solapur university KRC Gondwana university 1 Books circulation Yes Yes 2 OPAC Yes No 3 Reference service Yes No 4 CAS No No 5 SDI No No 6 Internet surfing Yes Yes 7 Portal based (online) service No No 8 Reprography & Printing No No Table 5 is showing that the KRC of Solapur University had sufficient amount of computer and other hardware but on the other hand the KRC of Gondwana University is lacking, even they did not have LAN yet. Table No 5 Hardware available with the KRCs SN Hardware in the KRCs KRC Solapur university KRC Gondwana university 1 Computers 31 14 2 Server 0 0 3 LAN Yes No 4 Internet Connectivity Yes Yes 5 Printers 02 01 6 Scanners 0 0 7 Barcode Printers 0 0 8 Barcode Scanner 0 0 9 CCTV Yes No 10 Reprographic machine No No

In the Table 6 an overall status of these two university KRCs were taken into account and the section wise status of automation is depicted. In a nutshell, the Solapur University KRC has been achieved the overall level of automation is 33.33 % on the other hand the KRC of Gondwana University has not entirely 100% achieved the automation. Table No 6 Section wise status of library automation in the KRCs SN

Title of the

University

Level of Automation of Library Sections Application of RFID Barcode

University wise Status

of Automatio

n

Acquisition

Processing

Circulation

Serial Contro

l

Maintenance &

Reporting

1 Solapur PA NA PA NA NA AU 33.33






University, Solapur

2 Gondwana University, Gadchiroli

NA NA NA NA NA NA 100.00

Section wise level of

automation accomplishe

d in percentage

25 100 25 100 100 50

PA = Partially Automated, AU = Automated, NA = Not Automated

Discussion and findings

In fact the present study was carried out of the eleven state university libraries in the Maharashtra state; however said research article is focused on only the evaluative study of library automation of the Soalpur and Gondwana university libraries. The scheduled method to collect the facts had been used with parallel interviews of the library professionals. An observations were also been carried out during the course of data collection. Some important facts were came out which are as follows

1) The post of Director of Knowledge Resource centre is not filled in both the KRCs. 2) Likewise the posts of Dy. university librarian, assistant librarian, information scientist

were not filled. Both the KRCs were running without library profession so far. 3) The hardware in these two university KRCs was sufficient considering the view point of

library automation. 4) In the KRC of Gadchiroli, the Soul software had been purchased but yet it is not been

installed and it was due to the lack of professional library authority.






5) The KRC of Gondwana University has not found any back volumes of the journals as well as e-resources were subscribed.

6) The KRC of Solapur University has achieved the 33.33 % level of automation and the KRC of Gondwana University hasn‘t yet initiated the task of automation. Hence, it would

not be an exaggeration to say that the status of library automation in the state university libraries in Maharashtra is an illusion.

7) The researchers had found that both the university libraries are established in the recent past and the status of their automation is almost similar and hence the it has been taken into account to compare.

References 1. All India Survey on Higher Education (2016-17)

http://aishe.nic.in/aishe/viewDocument.action?documentId=239 2. http://su.digitaluniversity.ac/Content.aspx?ID=67 3. http://unigug.org/portal/departments/6/LIBRARY/department/

http://aishe.nic.in/aishe/viewDocument.action?documentId=239

http://su.digitaluniversity.ac/Content.aspx?ID=67

http://unigug.org/portal/departments/6/LIBRARY/department/






Online Marketing of Library Services: Effective Types of Digital Marketing

Dr. Jugal Eknathrao Maldhure Librarian,

Smt. Radhabai Sarda Arts Commerce and Science College, Anjangaon Surji, Dist. Amravati, (Mh) 444705

Email: [email protected]

Abstract: The Paper defines the manner to advertising via a web 2.Zero, Types of Digital

Marketing Search Engine, Optimization Pay-in line with-Click Content Marketing, Email Marketing, Mobile Marketing, Channels To Attract More Users To Libraries Website content, Blogging, Facebook, Instagram/Twitter, Streaming motion pictures, Youtube, Podcasts, Newsletters and e-mails Messaging apps

Introduction: Today, instructional libraries are now not the best preference for students, school, staff

and other clients to visit for information. To appeal to clients, generate non-person cognizance, and lift recognition of available services and resources, libraries want to find ways to promote offerings and resources to customers as efficiently as viable. As such, promotional processes are used to carry the provision and price of services and assets to target markets and should be designed to motive library customers and non-customers to behave. These processes need to be advanced in any such manner that they benefit user interest, supplying a cause for the library's offerings and assets to be decided on over those of competing services.

⁕ Ways to Marketing through a Web 2.Zero Learn about social media:

First and primary, it's miles important that library team of workers participate in and apprehend social media through learning about it firsthand. Create a Web 2.Zero advertising plan:

Open your mind to radical new thoughts that healthy the character of social media. For example, permit your target market create content in your web page and pass it alongside. Participate! Join the communique:

You can upload social equipment and services in your library Web web sites. Enable comments on blogs and permit customers to make a contribution to wikis. Discover in which your target audiences grasp out on-line and be a part of them. Be notable:

Make sure that adding fresh content is a priority whether it‘s a new booklist, podcast of

an author studying, quirky facts approximately your community, or a history piece on an upcoming city or agency event. Help your library content tour:

Allow customers to repost booklists, book evaluations, snap shots, podcasts, or videos on their personal websites. Post your content material on web sites like Flickr and YouTube wherein it‘s easy for users to locate and share it.






Be part of the multimedia wave: Be sure to installation newsfeeds for releases of audio and video content material so your

target audience can decide in and be notified of recent releases. Monitor engagement and learn as you pass: You want to measure how well your library is doing at enticing the public via social media. And you ought to degree each the quantity and the depth of the engagement.

⁕ Types of Digital Marketing Search Engine Optimization (search engine marketing):

search engine marketing marketers studies words and terms clients are the usage of to look for records on line, and use Content Indexing, Good Link Structure and Keywords and Keyword Targeting terms in their personal content material. Pay-in keeping with-Click (PPC):

Pay-according to-click can talk over with the advertisements you spot on the pinnacle and sides of a web page of search consequences. When you set up a pay-according to-click marketing campaign, you may additionally be able to pick out whether or not you want your advert or promoted consequences to be shown to customers all around the global, or simplest within a particular geographic region. Content Marketing:

content advertising is a long-time period strategy. Over time, entrepreneurs building up a library of content material (textual content, video, podcasts and so forth.) so that it will hold to bring users to the web site via search engines. Email Marketing:

Email advertising and marketing professionals no longer only recognise the way to create compelling campaigns, in addition they recognize most appropriate target audience outreach and are professional at studying customer interactions and facts, and making strategic decisions based on that records, then you may Create a Sense of Urgency, Personalize Your Email or Let Recipients Set Their Preferences. Mobile Marketing:

Mobile advertising and marketing reaches human beings through textual content messages, social media, websites, e-mail and cell applications. Marketers can tailor gives or unique content material to a geographic region or time, including whilst a patron walks into a store or enters an occasion. Marketing Analytics:

Today, analytics allow entrepreneurs to song user conduct at a rather distinct degree. There are many gear to be had for measuring the fulfillment of digital marketing campaigns. One of the most used tools for advertising and marketing analytics is Google Analytics, which may be customized in almost countless methods to degree how your web page is appearing, which keywords are bringing users on your site, how users are navigating thru your internet site, and much greater.

⁕ Techniques for Effectively Marketing Libraries Librarians are frequently the representatives of the library to the general public. To hold a

connection with the humans in a network, librarians want to live informed, up-to-date, and specially, flexible.






Start With the Services: The first factor you‘ll need to do is keep your offerings updated.

Keep It Digital: Social media can honestly get the word out about your packages and may encourage a

whole lot of goodwill with the people who follow you. Get Out There:

Sometimes librarians want to get out into the network to genuinely connect, and some of the excellent forms of advertising and marketing come from thinking outside the constructing. This is more of a long-term strategy, but a profitable one as relationships are constructed and strengthened thru repeated exposure. Settle On a Brand:

Libraries want to have systematic approaches to branding themselves. The emblem ought to be closely decided through the desires of the network, which means understanding how people sense approximately the library whether or not their needs are greater access to generation or greater copies of first-class-selling books. 1

⁕ Channels to Attract More Users To Libraries Website content material

The internet site represents an extension of your library making it to be had 24/7 with on-line assets and records. Blogging:

Each weblog publish is a source of content that may be without difficulty spread on Facebook or Twitter and this manner you let the audience turn out to be the library‘s advocates

and sell it, encouraging new fans. Facebook:

This way, purchasers can live connected to the library‘s newsfeed and activities all day and you spend no cash on promotional materials. Instagram/Twitter:

you could use Instagram or Twitter to emphasize the human facet of the library, which human beings will take as a breath of fresh air thru all the congested online commercials. Streaming motion pictures:

It is a actual advantage to carry the library to the net community and make them aware of the activities taking vicinity at the library at that unique moment. Youtube:

Video is growing to dominate customers‘ online activity: seventy eight% of human beings watch videos on-line every week, and fifty five% watch motion pictures online each day Podcasts:

You can create ebook golf equipment you can easily create a podcast listening club and this manner attain even the human beings which are continually at the run and don't have any time for analyzing. Newsletters and e-mails:

It can sends e-mails on diverse subjects which inform the shoppers approximately the cutting-edge library information, upcoming programs in the library and additionally the most modern ebook titles.






Messaging apps: it is probably a arguable manner of speaking with the buyers because all the messages

are non-public however with a messaging app, you may make a more personal connection with shoppers and maybe even solution extra private questions.

Conclusion: Implementing the satisfactory practices is the obligation of the librarian for the benefit of

the person. Use of technology in designing and turning in the statistics products and services in a library has constantly yielded top results. Librarian must create an environment and situations for retaining abreast of the brand new and cutting-edge knowledge and uses of current technological achievements in the discipline in order that the information from the source to its beneficiaries or users may be disseminated in a maximum green and effective manner through the adoption of the exceptional practices. References:

1. Zhixian Yi, Effective Techniques for the Promotion of Library services and Resources, Library and Digital Marketing Techniques, 21,(1), Pg. 1-4, 2016

2. Fichtr Darlene, Seven Strategies for Marketing in a Web 2.0 World, Marketing Library Services, 21 (2), 2007

3. Bogle, Susan, Exploring Seven Types of Digital Marketing 2017 (http://www.snhu.edu)

4. http://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/advertising-promotions-and-marketing-managers.htm

5. http://princh.com/social-media-tools-for-libraries-to-attract-patrons 6. https://librarysciencedegree.Usc.Edu/weblog 7. Sumadevi, S, E-marketing of Library Services Best Practices in Libraries, International

Journal of Digital Library Services, 4 (4), 2014 8. Gupta, Dinesh K, Marketing Library and Information Services, Encyclopedia of Library

and Information Science, 3rd ed, DOI, Taylor and Francis, 2010, Pg 3553-3560

http://www.snhu.edu/

http://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/advertising-promotions-and-marketing-managers.htm

http://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/advertising-promotions-and-marketing-managers.htm

http://princh.com/social-media-tools-for-libraries-to-attract-patrons

https://librarysciencedegree.usc.edu/weblog






Use of E-Resources in College Libraries : A Study

Umesh S. Kurhade College Librarian

Smt. Shakuntalabai DhabekarMahavidhyalay Karanja (Lad) Distt. Washim.

Introduction :

Academic College Libraries attempt to meet the need of diverse and complex group of user, who have wide-ranging interest and complex set of demands. Historically, fundamental aim of libraries was to formulate a philosophy of intellectual freedom and to provide access to print information. vary valuable resource of information available on the internet and the through other electronic database. and library are currently playing role very different from before. Not only libraries continue to collect and provide access to printed material , but also they have to manage the ever-increasing amount of electronic resources . Owing to an increase use of on-line indexes, database and of course, the internet, the role of libraries has changed. Technology is one of the foundation of today‘s library . In the present era , libraries

are under going a dramatic transformation .on one side they are facing the challenges of high cost of publication , shrinking budgets, increasing cost of maintenance of collection ,shortage of space and trained manpower . The Technology is coming like a speeding train or tidal wave invertible and unstoppable . With exponential in the size of storage ,a phenomenal increase in the processing speed ,decrease cost of hardware and user friendly software , the technology provide new services . New products. Electronic resources are also one of product of technology. The present study deals with the use of electronic resources in Academic Libraries in Amravati District.

E-Resources : Overview : Material consisting of data and /or computer programme encoded for reading and manipulation by a computer by the use of peripheral device directly connected to the computer, such as CD-ROM drive. Or remotely via a network such as internet. The category include software applications. Electronic texts, bibliographic databases, institutional repositories, website, e-books, collection of e-journals etc. .Electronic resources not publicly available free of charge usually required licensing and authentication.

Objective of Study To fulfil thrust area on more access, inclusiveness, ICT integration, quality and

excellence in Academic Libraries. To make maximum use of Electronic Resources to empower and develop proficiency of

librarian and libraries. To maximize use Electronic Resources in Academic Libraries To expose teacher and students to e-libraries, e-resources, e-information and make them

free from close-minded outlook towards education and life. To share and extend experience of using the Electronic Resources in subject teaching in

order to increase the effectiveness of the teaching/learning process.






To facilitate the exchange of information and networking among teachers and trainers interested in using information technologies in their teaching.

Research Methodology For conducting the research both primary and secondary sources of data will be used. The

primary source of data will be collected by surveying the Academic Libraries in Amravati District and asking the following questions:

How far is Electronic Resources useful to Academic Libraries? What is the role of Electronic Resources in teaching and Learning?

What kind of methods can be used to overcome traditional libraries problems? Can it empower the Academic Libraries?

The secondary sources of data will be collected from Internet, Books, Journals and Magazines.

Meaning of E-Resources Reproductive Health Electronic Library ,Online bibliographical resources and internet ,which can be access the around the globe, through computer is called as Electronic Resources .Electronic publication is a process where the manuscript are prepared submitted in electronic format, edited and transmitted to the end users by computer and also by applying telecommunication technologies in electronic publication. This type of publication s contained moving picture and sound.

Types of E-Resources E-Books E-Journals

E-Databases Web based Information Resources

E-Books; Electronic books are the text of printed books in electronic form read on PCs, laptops,

tablet PCs and PDAs with multimedia features ,these are inexpensive portable can be purchase any ware in with no shipping cost .There are a growing number of hardware device available for reading e –books data .Example are Nuvomedia‘s Rocket e -books and soft book press‘s soft

books. E-books connect a hardware software combination use to read electronic data on a portable electronic devices. The electronic book market consist of two distinct components i.e. (i) electronic books consisting digital material or content and (ii) electronic books hardware including e-books reading appliance . The digital material or content that make an electronic books are simply textual and graphical files consisting of bites that can be transported any digital storage media or deliver over the network connection .it is designed to be view on some combination of hardware and software ranging from dumb terminal to the web browser, on personal computers to the new reading appliances.

Types of E-Books Downloadable e-Books. Dedicated e-books Readers.

Web-Accessable e-Books. Print-on- demand Books. Electronic thesis and Dissertation.






E-Journals Electronic journals or e-journals‖, are used for those journals and newsletter that are

prepared and distributed electronically . Electronic journals may be defined very broadly as any journals ,magazine e-zine ,webzine, newsletter, or types of electronic serial publication which is available over the internet and can be access different technologies such as WWW ,Gopher ,ftp, telnet, email .several traditional journals are now being publish both on the web and in print .content lists for most the journals are available on the web or distributed to subscribers as an email text massages or through technologies like RSS Atom.

Major players in Electronic Journals. Elsevier Science

The Elsevier Science publisher has launched Science Direct‘ to access more than 1,100

journals publish by them .subscription to Science Direct have the privilege to access back file of journals and offer the subscription to access full text of journals.

American Institute of Physics AIP Publishes more 80 research journals in physics and astronomy it offer access to online version without subscribing to print version .It has a CD Rom containing back volumes.

CARL corporation: It provide content pages of 17,000 journals.

IDEAL International Digital Electronic Access Library contains all 175 Academic press journals Now many publishers of e- journals provide full access to research article ,abstracting database to current as well as archival literature. Online e-Journal These type of e-journals are available through online host such as DIALOG,etc. CD e-Journals CD-ROM base e-journals are usually full text of individual or collected journals in a variety of subject. They are mostly electronic versions of existing printed journals. Network e-Journals Network base e-journals are based on mailing software or client/server computer application include www and gopher. e-Journal Access Many e-journals are now available online Some publisher provide free online access to journals publish by them against print subscription of library .Publishers provide access to these journals either through the home page , for example Combridge University Press, Chicago University Press etc.

Commercial e - Journals Provider There are many commercial e- journal provider aggregators which ensure high standard

in delivery and presentation to use this services, it many required special equipment or software to this service.

E-Databases An Electronic database consist of electronic resources integrated in highly organized fashion so as to provide controlled access to it by their commercial provider .The first database were bibliographic in nature and were online version of existing indexing and abstracting






services such as Bibliographical abstracts, Index Media, Chemical Abstract etc. By the year 1988 only half all database were bibliographic in nature .With introduction number of online database containing textual information ,news ,statistics commodity prices etc. a third type of databases holding text of full length documents started appearing several full-text of encyclopedia ,Directories and articles from journals are now available online. most of the publishers now provide access to their full-text journals through their website or through other electronic publishing platforms. While these are a numbers of public-domain data-bases ,most online databases required annual subscription for accessing them .Thousands of databases are now available on compact discs (CD ROM )as well on the web.

E-Database may be as following types. Bibliographic databases

ISID Index to India serial science journals Ageline

AGRIS INSPEC

COMPENDEX WEB OF Science

Asiastic Society journal Index ERIC database on education

Full Text Databases; Scientific electronic Library online Elsevier‘s Science Direct

Web based e -Resources Websites Portal Special Internet group

Virtual conference FAQs

Chat Web Linkage Web Catalogues

Image Collections Map Collections

Sound Collection Mailing List, on-line Books Fact Books

Conclusion Since Information technology has become very fast, information can easily be accessed by just one click through various searching, linking facility. Users‘ preference towards e-resources is rising and their demand for providing electronic information services in the library is increasing. Therefore libraries in particular are concerned in building and purchasing e-






resources. But one of the challenges that librarians are facing in this electronic era is how to make the users known of the availability of the e-resources and the skills to acquired appropriate information from the collection of e-resources. Hence, information literacy plays a vital role in this electronic era. References:

1. University News 48,(33) August ,16-22, 2010 2. Conference Proceeding E-Services in Libraries Feb, 2012 3. INFLIBNET Higher Education Community, 2011






Current Trends in Libraries in the Age of Information Communication Technology Use of Web Tools

Dr.Prashant S.Thakare

Librarian Saraswati Arts College.Dahihanda

[email protected] Abstract: There has been developmental changes in the society because of its dynamic nature. In view of this, the traditional method of discharging responsibilities in most fields of human endeavor is gradually going into extinction and thus, the need to move along with times. in information and communication technology era the information gather very rapidly and therefore it a need of time retrieval of information web Tools is very useful for library professionals as well as researcher and student.

Introduction: In the age of information technology every person need information rapidly and other hand Discovery and dissemination of new knowledge has always been a necessary work to uplift social and economical status of the people. Advancement in knowledge is invariably accompanied by social change and progress. In the pre- industrial society research was mostly a private affair and the researchers and scholars were patronized by the kings and elite. After the industrial revolution the pace of research had to be quickened to meet the growing demands of the society. Mounting population pressure, growing consumerism, fast depletion of limited natural resources.

Tools through Which the Deep Web can be accessed by Librarians Deep Web is more useful for serious researches. So, the value of the Deep Web content is immense to librarians to serve their users effectively. Hence, it becomes extremely crucial for librarians to know how to access this mass of information that resides in the Deep Web. Many companies like the Bright Planet are extending solutions to this problem. Deep Web is listed below arranged in an alphabetical order with some annotations. Beaucoup:

It is a collection of over 2,500 searchable databases and search engines. It contains free information sources in the areas of computer, software, employment, society, geography, health, business & money, media, people, reference & education, sciences, family, pets, hobbies etc. Bloomsbury Research Centre:

This meta site covers dictionaries, quotations and literary reference works. It also links to gateways, awards and festivals and book trade information. It is useful to all those who are interested in writing and literature. It is provided by Bloomsbury Publishers, London. Business.Com:

It contains Web pages on 64,000 plus public, private and international companies. It is extremely useful for business information. It is useful especially for information related to marketing, human resource, business travel and consumer services.






Complete planet: Highly topical information like energy or agriculture or food or medicine from rich

content sites can be found from Complete Planet which is developed by Bright Planet. It is a public service to the Internet users. The databases it searches are extremely valuable. Direct Search:

It provides links to the search interfaces of resources that contain data not entirely searchable by traditional search engines. It is updated daily. It also provides search access to streaming media: news & public affairs resources. Directory of Open Access Journals:

This directory covers free and full text scientific and scholarly journals that are peer reviewed or editorial quality controlled. As of now 3414 journals are there in the directory out of which 1161 journals are searchable at article level. It also accepts free user registration online. Dmoz.Org:

This Open Directory Project is a comprehensive human-edited directory of the Web created and maintained by librarians especially a community of volunteers. It becomes a definitive catalogue of the Web. This free directory provides reviewed, quality websites and databases by subject area. Eric:

ERIC is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education and provides free access to more than 1.2 million bibliographic records of journal articles to education literature. It also provides links to full text of the articles wherever available. Flipper and Genius find:

Fipper is for news and e-commerce. The popular categories in it are finance, lifestyle travel, home, business and entertainment. It is a directory of search engines, databases and archives. It is organized into categories and subcategories for ease in searching. Infomine:

Infomine is built by librarians and maintained by University of California. It is a virtual library of Internet resources useful for research. It contains databases, electronic journals, electronic books, bulletin boards, mailing lists, online library card catalogues, articles, directories of researchers etc. Internet.Com:

It is an extremely useful gateway covering all operating systems, markup languages, wireless, downloads, developers, IT security, networking and much more. It is very comprehensive and up-to-date. Internet Public Library:

This is a public service organization founded at the University of Michigan, School of Information. It is now developed and maintained by a consortium of colleges and universities with programmes in information science. It is an excellent source for public library needs. It is also good for exhibits, news and youth collections. Intute:

Intute is a free online service that provides resources for education and research which are evaluated by experts. The service is created by a network of universities and other partners. Subject-specific and cross-subject resources can be accessed through it. It has four subject






groups viz., Arts & Humanities, Health & Life Sciences, Science Engineering & Technology and Social Sciences. Librarians Internet Index:

It is a publicly-funded website which started from California and now it serves the whole world. It has over 20,000 entries carefully selected and organized by librarians into 14 main topics and nearly 300 related topics. Users can also subscribe to its free newsletter. It is very reliable and gives access to high-quality websites. Newpages:

It is an important website for students, writers, readers, and editors. It has information on independent bookstores, independent publishers, literary periodicals and newsweeklies. It is rated high by its users. Science.Gov:

It is a gateway to over 50 million pages of authoritative selected science information. It contains the science information provided by U.S. government agencies, including research and development results. Agriculture, applied science & technology, astronomy & space, biology & nature, computers & communication, earth & ocean sciences, energy & energy conservation, environment & environment quality, health & medicine, math, physics & chemistry, natural sciences & conservation and science education are the subject areas covered by science.gov. Scirus:

This gateway covers scientific, technical and medical sources. It is developed by Elsevier Science. It indexes over 450 million scientific items. It contains both fee based as well as Elsevier Science Collection. It also allows searches into scientists' homepages, pre-print server material, patents and institutional repositories. Statistical Resources on the Web:

This site is national and international in scope. It has links to University of Michigan‘s

rich Foreign Governments document collection. It covers areas like agriculture, business and industry, demographics, economics, education, energy, environment, health, housing, labour, politics, science, sociology etc. The Search systems.Net Public Records Directory:

According to this site it is a reliable directory of public records and best resource for background checks and criminal records on the Internet. It provides access to over 36,000 useful databases containing billions of public records. Virtual Library:

This is the oldest catalogue of the Web. It was started by Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of World Wide Web in 1991. It is maintained by volunteers, who compile pages of key links in areas of their expertise. It is rated as one of the highest-quality guides on the Web. It is a free public record resources among investigators created in 1996 by a law enforcement officer collecting links that proved useful for investigative work. It contains over 4000 links to public information databases

Conclusion: The above tools are just a few out of a host of tools available on the Internet to search the Deep Web. Even Google‘s Google Scholar a late 2004 beta release searches the Deep Web. It is

freely-accessible and indexes the full text of scholarly literature from academic publishers,






professional societies and institutional repositories. Google‘s digital library project is yet another attempt to create a virtual library that is searchable. Now there are many search engines that offer a desktop search tool. The desktop search tool installed on a Personal Computer searches the hard disk and dishes out the results as it would do it on the Web. Thus, today with the desktop search tools even the information content on our hard disk is no more invisible. References:

1. Sinha, Manoj. (2016). Scenario of Changing Trends in Library and Information Science Education and Research. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 21. 20-43..Retrieved on Dec 28, 2018 from 10.9790/0837-02107012043

2. Satya Nand Pandey (2014)Research Trends of Library and Information Science (LIS) In India.Journal of Advances in Library and Information Science,.3, 4.335-340

3. Ntoulas, Alexandros, Zerfos, Petros and Cho, Junghoo. (2005). Downloading textual hidden Web content through keyword queries. JCDL 7-11,

4. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2008). Deep Web. Retrieved on Dec27, 2018 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_web.

5. http://www.academia.edu/6655112/Recent current trends in lis research in india. retrieved .dec.27,2018.

6. Bharucha,Rhoda(2008)current trends in libraries in the digital era.Ahmedabad Management Association ,Ahmedabad1.1-58

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_web

http://www.academia.edu/6655112/Recent






Role of E-Resources in Research Libraries

Mr.Umesh D. Band Librarian

Arts Commerce College, Yeoda Amravati,. [email protected].

Abstract : This paper discusses the importance of E-Resources in Research Libraries. It presents different electronic resources. It describes about E-Resources usein Research Libraries. It also highlights the importance role of library indisseminating knowledge in the field of education and it how it is basically linked up with the E-Resources of its users. The paper attempts to describe the concept, types & important of E-Resources. It depicts E-Resources diffusion and utilization in Research Libraries.

Key Words: E-Resources, IT,Libraries, Research Libraries.

Introduction : This century is called as ―knowledge based economy‖. The development of every country

is based on knowledge which is nothing but capital of all the nations. Revolution in information technology has proved itself greater than green revolution and

industrial revolution. Now a day we have adopted new methods in libraries to handle digital information

In today‘s fast and luxurious life one has not enough time to access to the libraries. We can cure those deficiencies by providing the library services & effective use of its resources by adopting E-resources.

Research Libraries requires the latest and pinpointed information in their respective fields. Due to the increasing cost of information resources, developing countries cannot provide these resources to their users. But the E-Resources with its advantages make available the way for the developing countries to access information at a very low cost.

Importance Of Research Libraries Research is important for every individual in a nation. It plays a vital role to change the

status of a country. No country could bring a revolution in it, unless everybody is educated. Research includes college, university, & university level institutions. The last few years have seen a number of changes in research in higher educations which have exerted pressure upon the traditional role of the academic resources. These issues are important for every country, as it is now engaged in the use of Research Libraries as a powerful tool to build a knowledge-based information society of the 21st Century.

E-Resources In Research Libraries. Libraries play a vital role in the development of every country. For such development of

every country libraries should not only be traditional libraries but also the centers of information. Libraries are not only store houses of books but also a ‗growing organisms‘ through which

services are provided to users. In this age of Information Technology libraries are playing key roles as information centers. In the world of globalization every country should prove its ability






to develop its teaching institutions for that libraries play a key role in the concerning institutions. The libraries should be engaged in the creation and dissemination of knowledge. These are also tools and services that provide instant access. It searches information and transfer information to any corner of the world. Library is obviously the source of knowledge in research Libraries.

E-resources are having a major impact on materials for research Libraries .Higher education should provide e-resources to both teachers and student with the expectations that the E-resources will be used for research & educational purposes

Definition Of E-Resources Any electronic product that delivers a collections of data, it may be text referring to full

text databases, electronic journals, image collections and others multimedia collections. These may be delivered on CD-ROM on tape via the Internet, www and on a high speed multimedia personal computer that has more power than the early main frame computers. The University of Glasgow defines the term‖ E be called on E-Resources‖.-Resources as any resources that are available over the internet can

Necessity Of E- Resources This is the age of globalization, industrialization and liberalization. The world has

become a global village. Anyone can access information by sitting in the corner of his house through internet. Books in the libraries are now available in digital form. In this era the libraries are undergoing through changes. The libraries are providing information through electronic sources. In the same way the books are also published in the digital form. Scholars and writers publish their research articles and books on internet. The users also prefer electronic books instead of hard copies.

Objective Of Using E-Resources The main objective of using e-resources is to improve the efficiency of library and to render services to end users and to provide effective information services to faculty, research scholars and students in achieving their goals. The transition of research articles, books and journal has compelled to use latest technologies in libraries. E-resources have become one of the most important aspects of a digital library which change the format of document from a typed paper to electronic form. E-resources play a vital role in creation and dissemination of knowledge. In a relatively short period of time e-resources have expanded from a few dozen computerized database bibliographies to the overwhelming information available on the Internet. E-resources have moved from accessing on line databases with a dumb terminal to surfing the www.

Features Of E-Resources E-Resources are available only in Electronic form using different formats. Accessibility from anywhere, home, school, libraries, during travel etc. Any change in E-Resources can be made available quickly.

E-information through e-commerce. Advanced search and retrieval can be used simultaneously by more than one user.

Type Of E-Resources A -Internet






To accomplish exchange of information all the computers on the Internet have to use a common set of rules for communication. The internet is a global ‗networks of networks‘ and

consists of millions of host computers. The host computers that are joined together by a common language and have unique addresses serve as information repositories. B - Consortia

The consortia can play an important role in acquiring licenses and sharing electronic resources by acting as a platform for promoting activities and programs in the area of electronic resources sharing.

The Oxford English Dictionary defines ―a consortium is a community of two or more

information agencies which have formally agreed to coordinate, cooperate, or consolidate certain functions to achieve mutual objective.‖ The main aim of the consortia is to access particular information for all higher educational institutions, research centers in the world. The major models of consortia exist at National and International level. C- E-Journal

Today there are thousands of electronic journals, scholarly publications that are available on-line via electronic network along with print. E-journals are full text journals that are accessible via internet. According to Harrods librarians Glossary, ―An electronic journal is a

journal for which the full end product is available on dies over a network or in any other electronic forms strictly a journal in which all the process is carried out electronically. In other words an electronic journal is one where the writing editing, referring and distribution of item are carried out without any paper intermediaries.‖

Electronic journals are the fast developing feature of electronic publications. They can be broadly grouped in two categories 1. Outline journals 2. CD ROM journals. D- E-Book

The electronic version of a book covering its full contents text, tables, diagrams, illustrations etc. E- Book collection usually mounted in an E data bases which support full text searching within an across titles advanced search and book marks. .User can view full text of E-books in HTML &PDF formats on line. F - .E-Data bases

Is an organized collection of information‘s, of a particular subject or multidisciplinary

subject areas, information within E-Data bases can be searched and retrieved electronically. There are two types of E-databases viz.1) Full text databases 2) Bibliographic databases.

Advantage Of E-Resources An electronic information resource offers enormous benefits. They provide users faster,

more convenient and anytime access from home, campus or library as well as it has special features such as hyper text link to related information- graphics, audio, video and animation. Online retrieval of information has become popular. These resources also offer benefits to libraries. Electronic information can provide a number of advantages over traditional print based sources. They open up the possibility of searching multiple files at one time. Through these resources a file can be accomplished more easily than using printed equivalents. One main






advantage especially to distant learners or those who have limited time to access to the libraries is that they can effectively access to the libraries by dialing up process.

Suggestions To update the knowledge of E-Resources is essential to every individual. Libraries in Higher Education must be equipped with E-Resources. It is an urgent need

of the day. Policies should be adapted regarding implementation of E-Resources in in research

Libraries

Users are well as the library staff should be given training to learn how to use E-Resources.

Researches in in research Librariesshould be done through E-Resources, for it is flexible, convenient, wide reach & easily accessible.

References : Balamohandas,V and Sharma meenakshi.Quality teachers:a must for Quality Higher education .university News 50,03;2012; 6-10.

FRANKLIN (Brinley) and PLUM (Terry). Library usage patterns in the electronic information environment. Information research. 9,4;2004;1-16.

GRAY (Edward) and LANGLEY (Anne). Public services and electronic resources: Perspectives from the sciences and engineering libraries at Duke University. Science and Technology Librarianship. 2002

LINBERGER (Peter); FIELDING (L J) and BOVE (F J). Developing a web-based evaluation tool for purchasing electronic resources: A librarian faculty – student partnership. Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship. 8,3;2007;1-13.

SHARMA (H P). Moving beyond library automation: Role of e-resources in academic library. University News. 46,34;2008; 6-10.






Digital Document Creation: A Modern Trend of Information Service

Mr.Umesh A. Khadse Matoshri Nanibai Gharphalkar Science College Babhulgaon,Dist- Yavatmal, Maharashtra

[email protected] Mob.8390282091 Abstract:

This study approach to make only understand the modern trend of digital document creation in the field of library and information service. The objectives of this study were to study of values of electronic document delivery, to study norms of digital document, to study information management system and study the information use of the new form in library information center. This study aims to observe designing and development of modern services. Now process of digital document creation is an online or computer based information service in which available information sources are analyzed and repackage in a new e forms and provide the users. Digital document which is also known as electronics sources refers to the information delivered over network based electronic devices or that is made available using computer network such as internet. Digital document includes all kinds of content created and delivered through various digital media. Digital document is available in many subjects and almost all areas of education and research. Libraries and information center has to modify their traditional services and make maximum use of ICT for providing the information services. ICT can offer lots of opportunities for gathering, storing, disseminating and communicating a wide variety of information. Rapid growth of knowledge and availability of variety of ICT has made knowledge, inclusion and integration of ICT in teaching and learning inevitable for us now. E-learning concept is growing day by day. To develop E-learning environment it is the main duty of teacher, government, organization, librarian and information professional to provide qualitative Electronic document to the teacher, student and researcher or anyone who need the information.

Keyword : Content Development, Document Creation, Information Service

Introduction The information trend has been changing rapidly. New tools and techniques have been

innovated now days. In this new era public, academic and special libraries and information center are facing lots of problem like funds, users and social cooperation. In the era of technology libraries and information center has to find a new way of electronic document delivery. Libraries and information center are agitated in providing electronic base information to user from more than decade. In the age of internet libraries and information center have to modify their services and resources to survive in this fast changing world.

New digital document information repackaging is a service where information is provided to user in a more suitable and more understandable forms. Digital information repackaging includes the analysis of information and formatting of information. Digital document creation is a modern version of traditional information repackaging. In this technical environment user are more habitual to use e resources on their desk. They have no time for visiting library or information center. Electronic resource creation can satisfy today‘s user need

of information in more useable forms. Wide varieties of digital materials which are educationally impotent are available online.

Some of the quality materials which are available free of cost or with minimum restrictions can







be used, re-used and modified by researcher teachers, students and other user of information for their Research, teaching and learning process. As textbooks, reference book or other information source are too expansive, the users are switching from textbooks to digital course materials. These electronic materials provide both teachers and students a greater interactivity and social collaboration. E-document one of the materials which can be designed and developed used, re-used and distributed

Digital document is becoming popular because of its flexibility of time, place and pace of learning. Digital document includes all kinds of content developed and delivered through various digital media. E-resource is available in many subjects and almost all areas of education. It can be used by wide variety users with different needs, different backgrounds, and previous experience and skill levels. It can be shared and transmitted easily and promptly among unlimited number of users around the world. Teachers, students, researcher and others get benefited by the use of well designed and developed e-content. It is useful to the educational institution to make their program accessible to their teachers and students on campus, home and other community learning or resource centers. It has a significant implications for open and distance learning institutions.

Learning through electronic devices such as computer, smartphone, tablet, over internet or Intranet, is referred as electronic learning (e-learning). In the process of e-learning, an access to electronic con tent is provided over the networks and the users can access it by username and password using different electronic gadgets as well as desktop based application. With the development of information and communication technology the content is being created in electronic form and it is easily accessible to all the stakeholders. The tremendous growth in the e-content development using web technology and its ever increasing usage has given an unprecedented opportunities to the users to extend learning material to the learners not only within the four walls of class rooms but also in the comforts of their home all over the globe.

What is Digital document Creation? Digital document creation is the contribution of information to any multimedia and most

especially to Electronic media for an end-user in specific purpose. Digital document is "Act of delivering documents with the help of electronic devices‖ something that is to be expressed through some medium, as speech, writing or any of various arts ―for self-expression, distribution, marketing and/or publication. Typical forms of digital content creation include maintaining and updating web sites, blogging, photography, videography, online commentary, the maintenance of social media accounts, and editing and distribution of digital media. A survey made by Pew described content creation as the creation of the material people contribute to the online world‖.

Digital document creation is a service which deigned to satisfy all information need of user. Emerging change in technology bring some difficulties for the libraries that‘s why libraries

and information center has to adopt new tools and techniques. Digital document creation includes the consolidation of information, analysis of information and repackaging of information in the digital format.

Objective of Digital Document Creation ICT has brought significant changes in libraries and information center. The traditional work

of libraries has been changed. The journey of libraries is start from the palm leaf and now we are at the age of palmtop. To survive in this technical era libraries and information center has to

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_(media)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_content

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-user

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_media






change as per current situation. That‘s why libraries are not limited their scope to print content

only. Libraries and information center should create Digital Content also. The aim of Digital document development is to create an information rich society. Every person in the society is empowered to create, receive analysis, Disseminate and utilize information for their progress. Well designed, developed and validated digital content will provide access to high quality meaningful digital content and serve as an effective virtual teacher to its various user. Following are the objective of Digital Content Creation

To save the time of user To provide state of art information to user

To Disseminate information to end user To satisfy all kind of information need of the users.

Process/ steps of Digital Document Creation While creating Digital document following process followed by the creators of E-

document. User need and analysis :

While creating Digital Content for user, user needs and interest should be known by the creator of Digital Content. In this process all information regarding user information needs gathered. To collect information of user needs questionnaire or interview methods is used. To create new information (Digital Content) user need and analysis is very important. It will help for content creator to create right information to right user. Identification of the document :

To satisfy the user it is very important to collect the available document in user interested subject or area. Online information document are most helpful for the creator of E content Out of the large collection of document the information creator can identify and select the most suitable document to satisfy the user needs Content analysis :

Content analysis is a process of analyzing the available information. In that process the currency, accuracy, authenticity of information is checked by information professional to provide right information to user. Selecting relevant information :

After analyzing number of available document in which the information can found which satisfy the user needs is selected. After analyzing so many document information professional is in the situation to select the right information in available document. It is a manual process. The selected information is arranged in a helpful sequence for absolute clarity and more suitable format that could be understand by the user and make better use of the information. It should contain the genesis, historical and main body of information Formatting, editing and publishing :

The information which is selected from the various document and analyzed by the information professional has to format and edit for the user. For this purpose computer is used because there is no other better tool than computer to format, edit and publish the information. It is very flexible in economy save time and satisfies the needs of formatting editing and publishing

Dissemination of Process Information Last steps involve in e content creation is dissemination of information. When Electronic

content is ready to use, it is disseminated to the user who need that information. Through






information technology information can be disseminate fast, easy and affordable manner to the user of information. Feedback and marketing of information is also involved in this process. It is very important to satisfy user needs ant that‘s why feedback is taken from the user. Weather he is

satisfied with information which is given to him and as per user feedback changes made in that product. And finally to reach more audience the marketing of that information product is done. The information which is analysis formatted and edited is publish through E book, E journal, blogs, Website, Email in the audio, video, animated, graphics forms.

Tools of Digital document documents Digital content can be created in a variety of ways by using variety of tools and software.

E-content development combines Content Management System (CMS) and Learning Management System (LMS). There are many proprietary software, freeware, open source software, public domain software available for e-content development. There are lots of tools and software packages available in the market for e content development like Microsoft Office, Library Office. This software package can be used easily by the beginners of Digital content development. Freeware: It can be used without any monetary charges. However, restrictions are imposed for its use, modification and redistribution. In this source code is not provided. This tool can be passed on to any one free of cost. Open Source Software (OSS): It is computer software and its source code is made available to the public. It is licensed with an open source license. Copy right holder provides the rights to study modify and distribute the software free of cost to anyone for any purpose. Open Source Software is very often developed in a public collaborative manner. Proprietary software : is software that is owned by an individual or a company. It will have major restrictions on its use and its source code usually kept secret. These are the property of their developers and can‘t be copied or distributed without their permission or agreement. Public domain software: The copy right holder donates it to the public. It is available free of cost to everyone and it can be used by any one for any purpose and only with very minimal restrictions. There are several audio, video and graphic creators and editors available online. Some are free and some are proprietary.

Authoring Tools Various tools are available to produce e-content. Microsoft Power Point and word

processors are also e-learning tools. These tools are not appropriate to present interactivity, testing and scoring. To develop interactive content various elements such as examples, illustrations, animations, audio, video, interactivity etc. are assembled. For this purpose we can use special tools which are authoring tools or author-ware. An e-learning authoring tool is software packages which can be used to create and modify web content for the use by the user who need it. Examples are blogging, wiki online forums etc. This tool can be used by Information Professional for creating, packaging and delivering the e-content to the learners. By using authoring tools one can produce attractive and useful graphics. Authoring tool or author-ware is a program that helps to write hypertext or use multimedia applications. Authoring tools allow authors or e-content developers to integrate or use any array of media to create professional, engaging and interactive e-content. In Wikipedia ‗An authoring tool is defined as a






software application used to create multimedia content typically for delivery on the World Wide Web. Content authoring tools may also create content in other file formats so that other user can also access it and material can be provided through compact disc (CD) or in other format for various different uses. Authoring tools can be used by people with minimum technical skills. The main advantage of authoring tools is their easier and faster use. Using these tools e-content can be developed and transferred easily. There are many categories of authoring tools which differ with respect to their features. Very simple Microsoft PowerPoint converters to powerful tool boxes are available for e-content development and delivery.

Creators of Digital Content There is no a specific creator of electronic information. Anyone can wright and modify

the information available in the internet. But still there are some creators of information who regularly create the digital content for their target audience like organization, private company, Colleges, universities, think tanks, Artists and writers, Government, Users and libraries and information center. Libraries and information center is the main creator of digital content. Libraries and information center is the main source of creating of Digital Content. It this social networking ere anyone can wright on internet that‘s why the reliable information cannot be find.

Librarian and information professional have the knowledge to create and modify the digital content. They can satisfy the users information needs regarding Digital Content

Issue Regarding Digital Content Quality: quality is the main issue consulting with the Electronic Content. Because anyone can write anything on the internet and that‘s why there is lack of quality information on Web. It is

difficult to find the qualitative information that meet the users need Metadata: it is very difficult to categorize and organize the digital content. Website, forums, e Books and other publisher all have the different metadata standards such as author, date of creation, publisher or authority. The perpetuation of different standards of metadata can create problems for search and retrieval. Intellectual property: It is the biggest issue concert with the electronic content. The ownership, origin, and right to share electronic content can be difficult to establish. User-generated content presents challenges to traditional content creators with regard to the expansion of unlicensed and unauthorized derivative works, piracy and plagiarism. The enforcement of copyright laws, such as the IT Act in the India and DMCA in USA also make it less likely that works will fall into the public domain

Conclusion Digital content Creation is not a new concept for libraries and information center. They

are working on it more than a decade. Only difference is that now days they have to create content in digital forms. They can create the electronic content better than anyone else because they are aware of user needs and they know how to satisfy user need regarding information digital content creation is a simple process. Using ICT better services can be provided to the users. E learning concept is gaining the popularity in user community day by day. To provide E learning f acility to user its information professional primary duty to create qualitative E Content.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_works

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain






References 1. COL (2005). Creating Learning Materials for Open and Distance Learning: A Handbook for

Authors and Instructional Designers. Commonwealth of Learning available at http://oasis.col.org/bitstream/handle/11599

2. JaspreetKaur, Electronic Content Creation: A Project. https://docuri.com/download/digital-content

3. G. Mahesh, Rekha Mittal, (2009). Digital content creation and copyright issues, The Electronic Library, Vol. 27 Issue: 4, pp.676-683, https://doi.org/10.1108/02640470910979615

4. Heery, R. (2000). Information gateways: collaboration on content, Online Information Review, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 40‐5.

5. Mc Menemy, D. (2007). Less conversation, more action: putting digital content creation at the heart of modern librarianship, Library Review, Vol. 56 No. 7, pp. 537‐41.

6. "Content - Define Content at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com

http://oasis.col.org/bitstream/handle/11599/43/odlinstdesignHB.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

https://docuri.com/download/digital-content

https://docuri.com/download/digital-content

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/author/Mahesh%2C+G

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/author/Mittal%2C+Rekha

https://doi.org/10.1108/02640470910979615

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/content






Information Literacy and Continuing Education: A Teacher‟sviews

Meena Vaidya Librarian

Late N. A. Deshmukh Atrs & Comm. Maha.Chandur Bazar

Introduction : We live an information intensive world. Information is an important ingredient in taking decision making choices. Everybody needs it all the time to make sense of the environment around and make way through the world. Economics, political, technological military and social power of information is too obvious. lt is the most valuable possession any society has. Knowledge is culture passed on from generation to generation. lt is also essential for gaining political power and for governance and planning. Governments disseminate information ti highlight their effective administrative or public welfare works. At the same time information occasionally has caused embarrassment to governments of the day, sometimes even leading to their down fall. Demand for information has led to information revolution. We seem buried under information available by 24/7 TV, internet and mass media, bombards us with unsolicited information deluge. But where is the information we need to become genuinely informed and take informed decisions? Most of it is trash, transient and a chewing gum for the eyes. Even so called infotainment is of no value. It is mostly commercial time-pass. We are struck with the paradoxical situation of water everywhere but not a drop to drink. At best it is a state of rich in information but starving for knowledge. Increasingly the information comes unfiltered whose authenticity, validity, and reliability is not proven. This uncertain quality, expanding quantity and variety of formats and media of information throw challenges to the societies and individual information consumer. Fascinated by its speed and enormity of size the users on the Web and other electronic and networked information resources are often stuck up in the morass of transient and trivial knowledge. On other occasion the tempting under current while navigating information cannot and will not create and informed citizenry. It is like saying that earning a lot of money does not make you rich. To use information meaningfully, information skills are essential. In information society the concept of information literacy has grown in importance. Information literate society should be the priority of any democratic and welfare government. It has many names, facets and models. It is essential for everyone, be it a manager, scholar, scientist or layperson for comprehension, legal and ethical use of information is as much important as its availability. But it may understand that the information literacy is not the end: It is a means to an end.

It simple words IL mean acquiring information technology skills, accessing information by identifying the right sources and formats and using it critically. It is a mix of skill and ability to obtain, assimilate and apply the right information and knowledge for living, self-maintenance and making way in this complex but dynamic society. Emanating from literal or basic literacy and innumeracy the IL has been described as a gateway the cultural literacy. Concept of literacy has been expanded into information literacy that goes beyond traditional literacy including legal and computer literacy. It has its roots in bibliographic instruction, or even user education traditionally provided by librarian. It grew rapidly with expanding variety of information sources and formats.






It involves skills and experience to add value to the information accessed to apply and use properly. It is to function with ideas, Values, objects and sentiment, for lifelong learning. IL is instrumental in continuing education of every professional in continuing education of every professional – which is another vital necessity for fully living in the information society. For developing IL skill the information profession at large not only the LIS professional, have the responsibility. The whole body of political and education leadership has the responsibility to develop IL among the citizens, especially the netizens. It is the concern of all section of the society. We need to identify and develop appropriate strategies tailored to suit individual information need. It stars in primary schools and continues up to the work place late in life. It has become a subject of study in its. Own right having legal, technical, social and psychological dimensions In the national interest it should get prior place in the higher education. Students studying special courses need additional competencies peculiar to that discipline. In India we have a long was to go to make IL all pervasive and enhance Information capabilities of our large mass of netizens. Only then we can have true and effective democracy with reduced inequalities among citizens with voting rights are not democracy. They are pawans in the hands of wiley politicians and power seekers.

IL includes: i) Visual Literacy ii) Web Literacy; and iii) Media Literacy

Information Literacy Constitutes of: i) Understanding the processes of identifying, accessing and delivering of

information, both current and retrospective. ii) Formulation of different search strategies to access relevant information. iii) Evaluating the reliability of various information channels. iv) Mastering certain basic IT skill for e-readiness.

Benefits of information literacy: i) Expansion of knowledge through substantive operations of knowledge creation. ii) Synthesis of data and information into knowledge. iii) Appropriate and critical application of information and knowledge in problems

solving. iv) Enhancement of the critical thinking. v) Incorporation of validated information in the personal or corporate knowledge

base. vi) Motivation for self-directed learning. vii) Appreciation for lifelong learning.

IL skills are usually fostered through the use of active learning strategies. It is a collaborative work. A close cooperation of teachers. IT experts. Librarians and administrators is required librarians need to be more pro-active to deliver IL instructions. There are many models but the one developed by the SCONUL‘s (Society on College, University and National Libraries;

earlier standing council on National and University Libraries). Task force developed seven. Skill to develop a novice into highly information literate is quite comprehensive;






These are: i) Realizing situation and state of information gap: Knowledge of ones ignorance. ii) Ability to know ways in which information need man is fulfilled these involve:

a) Knowledge of all sources of information b) Selection of relevant sources c) Knowledge of the issues affecting the access of sources e.g. copyright, censorship, classified documents with limited access within a library.

iii) Formulation of strategies to access information a) Statements of problem concisely b) Elaboration of strategies c) Understanding the principles underlying the database design.

iv) Location and access of information a) Develop research techniques : Use of keywords subject headings, and

Boolean operators. b) Efficient employment of IT c) Use of appropriate indexing and other secondary services. d) Keeping up to date through current awareness services.

v) Information Evaluation Ability a) To know the authority and authenticity of the source. b) To know any bias or limitation of sources. c) Know the views of experts through peer reviewing. d) Information customization

vi) Information communication ability a) Knowledge of standards of citation and references. b) Designing of personal bibliographic system. c) Critically applying information in problem solving or decision making. d) Understanding legal issues concerning the use of information.

Vii) Ability to create new knowledge based on the old knowledge, and developing new viewpoint. Making knowledge cumulative. The SCONUL consider this model useful for education and assessment. But at the same time recommends that institutions must customize their model based on this general one.

Conclusion : Librarians and teachers have onerous task of training citizens for productive information work. They also need to work with political forces and policy makers. Professionally speaking shelf life of degrees, especially in Bioengineering ,computer and management are very short Libraries exit for public good. Libraries have a time –tested role in adult and continuing education. They have long connection with self-managed adult learning. Information literacy is a guarantee of continued education and of being relevant to the society and empowered citizens to seek the truth independent. References:-

1. Bruce,C.S.Seven ―Facets of information Literacy in Higher Education‖

(jttp://www.fitqut.edu.au) 2. Rader ,H.B.(1990). ―Bibliography Instruction on information Literacy‖ College &

Research Libraries News 51 (1) ,p18-21






A Challenge to Librarian to Motive Students For More use of Library in Current Era

Mr.Rajesh Gedam

College Librarian Jijamata Arts College,

Darwha Dist-Yavatmal (MS) [email protected]

Abstract : This study‘s aim is to evaluate the use of College library and other Library materials and

their services/ Facilities. Today‘s the age of Information Communication Technology therefore

libraries are facing the more problem of information explosion. Every day Scientific Lit., Language Lit., Social Sci. Lit., Tech. Lit. and other more Literature is being published in the world. The object of library is effective and valuable communication of information to the students, user, and researcher and in view of this the libraries have adopted more technology techniques/skills for developing bibliographical database and other informative tools and for retrieval of information. Librarians are necessary to acquaint with the various information technology techniques adopted in libraries for best use of libraries by the way of user education / orientation programme, information literacy programme and other. The aim of this programme is to develop such skills in the users and the students will also know the various services rendered by the libraries.

Keyword: User Education Programme, Information Literacy, ICT,

Introduction Information plays the vital role in human life and academic environment and library is an

integral part of educational systems. Education is the key factor in the development of a society. Everyone individual in a country should be considered as an asset because it is due to the overall contribution of human resources that a nation can progress and advance. To integrate each individual in the process of development of the Village to Nation suitable education and training is very important. Therefore library is very important for Country Development.

We now live in the information Communication Technology age where access many Internet resources is just a few clicks away. The Internet technology has gained more popularity in many countries across the world. The Internet as a medium of communication and source of information has enabled students, researchers, business, information seekers and information professionals to access information to enhance their work and communicate effectively.

Modern Library are facing the more problem of information explosion as everyday stupendous Scientific Lit., Language Lit., Social Sci. Lit., Tech. Lit and other more Literature is publish in the world. It is has difficult for libraries to develop their database, dissemination this information and library can not purchase every electronic and digital tools because library budgets is limited. Although Some Libraries are spending big amount of money towards purchasing of Journals, books, databases the students, teachers, researchers are handicapped due to the ignorance of different types of resources and services offered by the libraries. The user education programme / Information Literacy Programme / User Instruction Programme are







needed to solve this problem affecting all educational institutions of the country. Therefore, the librarians must learn for oriented of users in order to acquaint them with various information technology techniques adopted by libraries for effective communication of information to the students, researcher. Though it may appear superfluous but it is very necessary to explain as to why such formal training is essential for making efficient and effective use of Library Facility available in various types. Further, the need for training like user education, information literacy programme are present as the main subject is being made about micro and small. Today‘s

libraries have adopted new various ICT techniques and software‘s for storage, retrieval and

dissemination of information and therefore, this necessitates the today‘s librarians to update their

staff and professionals competence by updating their knowledge through refresher courses and for users by introduction of user education programme, information literacy programme, e-literacy training. There is a need to motivate students to use large amounts of libraries today.

Changing Role of Librarians In today‘s modern age, the methods taught in the educational field have changed (like

Semester pattern, viva voice, internal assessment) greatly, so the use of libraries is also very large. Generally a professor who often has responsive approach, completely dependent on the textbook and can lecture. Now students are encouraged to read more broadly in more information sources and searching more independent materials. These changes encourage the development of libraries due to the large number of research, technology, strategies and a large increase in various subject literatures. The libraries have really become a vital tool for education and research. Apart from this, libraries are being operated more effectively using scientific management methods and various strategies, planning‘s, technical tools. With the help of various

modern techniques and technology in libraries, the students, researcher, scientist and other users are getting the latest, effective, efficient information and information services in a modern way. Following rolls:

1. The Librarian also needs to be updated due to the large number of changes happening in the information transmission system.

2. It is also necessary to study the changes of interest and need of knowledge in the modern age of the students.

3. Settle the library problems using various modern strategies. 4. Planning the library using various modern techniques. 5. The traditional library has transferred the digital library 6. Linking People to knowledge and information sources. 7. Knowledge preservation for posterity. 8. Capturing and preserving traditional knowledge. 9. Community information resources. 10. Generating new financial resources and Etc…

New Technology Training Programme for Librarian One of the most valuable resources of the organization is the employees. Such as the

ability of libraries employees determines the quality of the services provided to the user. The efficient library is adequate, well qualified and well trained staff.

In order to provide effective and efficient libraries, the must be oriented by training the librarian to improve the skills needed to update their professional abilities and to store and






retrieve scientific and technological information. Due to the advancement of various technologies, such as the use of computer, databases, e-literature and software technology, various instructions and training methods must be developed to meet these library requirements and libraries must develop specialized skills for performance and effective library services. The system must develop a technique in order to work effectively with the changes in libraries or automated technology projects, as a library administrator and manager. Therefore, a compulsory user education program is necessary at the college and university level and should be part of the curriculum for formal education. Library employees should be encouraged to go on a library tour and also be appointed for seminars, library conferences and workshop. It is also necessary to be in contact with the library readers, students, researchers through social media like Facebook, twitter, whatsapp.

User Education Programme and ICT Era‟s It is also necessary to know the importance of appropriate user education to increase the

use of the library. In today‘s information communication technology age, a lot of literature is

being published in various sources of information, so today‘s needs a user education Programme and information Literacy Programme for higher education. Students are confused because the information tools are available for a lot of, so they do not understand which tools they should use and this has created problem for students and researcher. In order to properly guide students in such confused circumstances, the need for user education progamme today is needed.

The LIS department is too small to train future librarian for the job of the teaching library use. The user education programme at present has caught the imagination of professional librarians all over the world. In India, it is beginning to gain momentum. There was a total interaction between the users and library unit in the user education programmes. Due to technology developments in information handling technology, the library user is finding it difficult to deal with the changing complexity. Therefore, the user of information must be equipped with suitable sources to find information about their interests.

Libraries are constantly facing challenges due to new technology and new strategies. To keep up with the latest development, modernizing facilities and using electronic information tools and techniques to provide services in digital form have essential. This has led to big change in the library‘s responsibilities, which are not only involved in the collection development but

also entrusted to provide advanced technological services, as well as generating financial resources for their respective library and institutions. Use of ICT is now considered as the necessary technology for libraries. Emerging tech. media, publishing trends, information storage methods, information retrieval practices and more have changed the concept of library and information services and these changes adopted in today‘s library. Modern libraries have adopted

various information technology technologies for the education benefit of the students and it is also important to know how easy it is to use the library website for effective use of the library.

In the information technology era, libraries and librarians need to be restored in order to meet the challenges. The use different electronic sources, ICT in Libraries, emerging technology, modern library services, and open source, web base resources, network are increasing through networks, internet and software development. All the work in the library is being done through information technology, electronic storage. Therefore, it is necessary to be taught through these user education programme or information literary programme how to use different electronic






sources, ICT in Libraries, emerging technology, modern library services, open source, web base resources, network, online database in the library/online. Therefore, it is important to organize different training programs to help the user of technology to access information in a technology way. The most modern technique adopted for the efficient and effective use of library information in the computerized information retrieval systems in which computers are being used to effect contact between the right information and right user at the right time and in the right manner. One aim is to make the user aware of the information resources available, both directly in the library and from external sources. Another goal is to enable the user to search for information. Using different current trends, the library can increase the usage. To make use of the library, old concept like user education programme has to be widely used today as a modern technique.

User Oriented Information Services Today‘s library is where the powerhouse is created and transferred to meet the user‘s

requirement. For the optimum use of this library its users should also have knowledge to access its resources to their full benefit making every search effective. But still the information searching strategies shows that the user‘s searching behavior as being subjected specific and

most users pick what they perceive as important word in an assigned topic and they use it to search for the needed information. Librarian need to know the needs of the user. It is difficult to provide effective and efficient service to users without understanding the need for their information. It is also difficult to collect the documents without knowing the information needs of its user‘s. Generally, all libraries activities are designed for the development of their system

based on a string service to be provided to the users up to their at most satisfaction. If we really want a user oriented focused approach, we need to first look at our users, not

our services. It is difficult for libraries to change complexity due to technology developments in information handling technology. Hence, the user of information has to be properly equipped to find the information of his interest from the available sources.

Conclusion Library Professionals today use information and communication technology (ICT) in

various activities libraries. Library is a service-oriented organization that has been created to facilities access to education technology, to facilities basic knowledge dissemination, protection and dissemination. The librarian role is being developed by developing various skills. Internet is connected to most computers and developing network technology uses the correct information at the right time.

There are various sources in educational libraries to fulfill user needs and motivate users. ICT‘s huge development impacts resources and presents resources in electronic form. These

resources attract more readers and also create a research approach between students, scholars and researcher, scientist, faculty. Electronic environments give users an opportunity to retrieve information from around the world for a short time. It completely depends on the knowledge about the user‘s search skills and publishing details. In this situation libraries can update their

knowledge about accessing skills in e-resources, publishing and search methods on the internet are extremely important. This type of knowledge is properly directing users. This saves time for users and libraries employees. Therefore, the following things need to be suggested for maximum use of the libraries.






1. University offering library science courses need to rebuild the curriculum to meet regular changes in the library.

2. To address the challenges of motivation students for effective and efficient use of libraries, it is very important to introduce various new technologies and libraries collection within the user‘s education programme.

3. There is an urgent need to have a structured course to educate the librarians in user education so that they can develop and operate user education programme in their libraries and fulfill their duties effectively and responsibilities.

4. Educating user by librarians is the result of the user‘s ability to improve

consciousness and improve the libraries and improve the eligibility of the resources available in the library. Their solution is the libraries sole goal.

5. In order to fulfill the need to change the progress in the library area, the department of library science, which provides library science education in various universities, will need to reorganize the curriculum to meet the challenges of the library to encourage students to take effective and effective use of the library.

Providing concise but outstanding descriptions can help speed researchers on their way, and our library and library website may keep them happy therefore librarian need to be prepared with new skills as well as preparing for some additional skills.

References : CHRIS, J. (2004). How to Design Library Web Sites to Maximize Usability. Library Connect , 5-16. Deshmukh, P. (2 - 13 sept 1991). User education a challange to librariab to motive studetnts for effective and efficient use of Libraians. In N. Choudhari, & R. Jatkar, winter school on user edcation programme in Govt.polytechnique college (pp. 1-20). Amravati: Govt.polytechnique college. Kumah, C. (December 2015). A Comparative Study of use of the Library and the Internet as Sources of Information by Graduate Students in the University Of Ghana. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) , 1-20. Kumah, C. H. (December 2015). A Comparative Study of use of the Library and the Internet as Sources of Information by Graduate Students in the University Of Ghana . Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal) , 1-21. murugan, k., & krishna, k. (2018, march 22). Role of Library in changing society. Retrieved January 2, 2019, from https://www.reseachgate.net: https://www.reseachgate.net






Switch to Smart Education Through Moocs in Knowledge Management Era

Pravin Madhaorao Dongare Librarian

Shri Seth Muralidharaji Mansingaka Arts,Science And Commerce College, Pachora Dist.: Jalgaon (M.S.)

[email protected]

Abstract : The recent growth of Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs) has lead to the

discussion of technology-based institution revolutionzing traditional higher education teaching.Here we analyze the origin of MOOCs. This paper will discuss the initiation and the developmemnt of MOOCs till date. This MOOCs literature generally focuses on four lines of research a)the potential and challenges for universities b) MOOCs platforms c) learners and content in MOOCs and d)the quality of MOOCs And instructional design issues .Learner may use these results to gain an overview of this emerging field as well as explore learning directions.

Keywords: MOOCs, cMOOCs, xMOOCs, MOOCS in Indian Higher Education MOOCs Platforms

Introduction To MOOCs: Massive and open online courses are the new revolution sweeping the higher edcuation

sector, As the name suggest,these courses are conducted online for the hundredes of thousands of students worldwide without restriction. If MOOCs get formally integrated into our education sysytem, they have the potential to help transform the system and meet the goals of equity,excellence,expansion and employability. A Massive Online Open Course system are seen as an effective alternative that provides great opportunities to the student community spread across the country to get access to quality educational materials from highly qualified teachers, MOOCS provide the invaluable opprtunities to connect with all over world‘s learners without

any problems (TIME,MONEY,& GEOGRAPHICAL AREA).MOOCs platform provides us very large scale participation,open for all and free or very leastcost access via the internet,its possible for all participation interaction through this online platform.

Evolution Of Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs): In 2008,the Open Online teaching got the name Massive Open Online Courses Or

MOOCs.This MOOCs term was coined by the Dave Cormier,The First MOOCs conducted by the George Siemens,Stephen Downs And Dave Cormier.

Massive Open Online Course is based on the principles of the learning theory of connectivism,which was coined by George Siemens,and the notion of connective knowledge as proposed by Stephrn Dawns among these principles are learningis the process of making connections and knowledge is the network.

In 2011,Thrun Sebastian and Norvig Peter at Stanford started an online course in Artificial Intelligence .They also invited anybody who was intrested to join up and the response was enormous and thunderstruck.







In 2012,Thrun and Norvig A. developed a company and called it Udacity and explore this format of teaching and learning,soon after in April 2012,Daphen Koller and Andrew Ng both form Stanford MOOCs and started Coursera in this continuation in May 2012, Harvard and MIT joined together to create the Edx platform and the journey begains started of MOOCs.

MOOCs can be generally divided into two categories

cMOOCs: Its based on the learining activities of connectivism which emphasize the power of networking with other individuals,gleaning from diverse opinions and focusing on end-goals as the foundation of learning,co-creator of the MOOCs George Siemens suggestion based on idea that learning happens within a network, where leareners use digital platforms to make connection with content, learning communities and other learners to create and construct knowledge.The participants in cMOOCs take on the dual role of teacher and learner as they share information with each other and engage in joint experience and discussions. xMOOCs: Its based on more traditional classroom structure. They are a combination of prerecorded video lecture with test,assignments ,online quiz, its more centered around a tutor rather than learners, its focus on knowledge duplication, it covers more topics every day.

Trends in Education Technology: 1. Learning Analytics:

Its closely associated with MOOCs which has been the emerging field of learning analytics. it‘s the measurment, collection, analysis and reporting of data about learners and their

context for purpose of understanding and optimizing learning the environment in which it occours,a digital life ,learners and teachers are off-putting data about their activities on the internet through a varity of devices and applications, some of this data relevent to learning and performance can now be aggregated into Big data stores and useful and actionble insights generated. 2.Gamification:

It‘s the use of gaming techniques for non-game situations ,its become relevent to MOOCs because learner motivation to complete MOOC Course is still at a low level, this was trus of tradition online courses as well. 3. Adaptive learners:

As per the Learning To Adapt, Education Growth Advisors 2013 , It‘s the major

educational technology development over the past few years. An adaptive learning system will adjust to what the learners interaction with the material suggest about his/her mastery at the materials over time and based on the learners profile if develops,will begain to anticipate things about the learner and serve up content based on knowledge of that profile. 4. Other important trends: i) Simulation and Serious Games, Augmented Realaites - Real life condition replicating by collaborative learning experience. ii) Auto Graders – These software automatically perform assesment, grading its also called the robo-graders.






iii) Wearable Computing,Internet or Things – Visual or Sensory devices shall start making a significant inroad into our learning experiences. iv) 3D printing – 3D printing software CAD (Computer Aided Design), Computer Aided Technology (CAT), does offer rich opportunities in the area.

Trendy MOOCs Platforms Web Sites: A) Coursera (www.coursera.org/):

B) Edx (www.edx.org/):

C) Udacity (www.udacity.com/):

http://www.coursera.org/

http://www.edx.org/






D) KhanAcademy (www.khanacademy.org/) :

E) Udemy (www.udemy.com):

F) P2PU (Peer to Peer University) (www.p2pu.org/en/):

MOOCs In Indian Higher Education:

MOOCs has a huge potential veiled in India recent year have seen tremendous hike in the enrollemnet by Indian students in MOOCs all over the world. India is among the leading countries in term of enrollemnets in courses offered by many popular MOOCs providers including Edx, Coursera and Udacity India has taken greater lengths to maximize the impact of MOOCs on the national level , In 2016, MHRD announced that it would includes distance /open learning and MOOCs under special categories in its new National Edcucation Policy due to increase government attention.

MOOCs in India are truly revolutionizing its education system from grouped up, not many nations have embrassed the strengths and impact of MOOCs as much as India has,

http://www.khanacademy.org/

http://www.udemy.com/

http://www.p2pu.org/en/






MOOCs have proven to be a success in India, as evidence by rising enrollment numbers, high completion rates and continious digitization,that the many possibilities MOOCs have in India.

MOOCs Platforms In India: Government Of India have taken the initiative to widen the concept of open education

with objective to provide open resources in term of repositories, libraries, educational media files, e-books, e-journals etc and made easy access to learners, some renowned institutions has started IGNOU has started the National Digital Repositories (http://egyankosh.ac.in/) eGyankosh eGyanKosh- a National Digital Repository to store, index, preserve, distribute and share the digital learning resources developed by the Open and Distance Learning Institutions in the country, Apart from this some common naes are ERNET (http://www.ernet.in/) ERNET India is the National Research and Education Network dedicated to support the needs of the research and education community within the country. It was established in 1998 as an autonomous scientific society under the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India. It operates ERNET network – a pan-Indian terrestrial and satellite network with 9 points of presence at premier research and academic institutions.

EduSat (http://vigyanprasar.gov.in/science-communication-programs/vp-edusat-network/) The EduSAT satellite utilizes Internet Protocol (IP) based technologies to transmit multimedia contents to beneficiaries across the country. These include server-hosted digital data, still pictures and graphic information etc. in real time. This optimizes on the GSAT-3 that serves distance education. Vigyan Prasar is one of the important stakeholders in ISRO‘s EduSAT

Satellite Interactive Terminal (SIT) network communicating science to different target groups through its 50 Satellite Interactive Terminal classrooms across India. Beneficiaries include school children, college students, working women, citizens from many walks of life and resource Persons. Easy Sikshya (https://easyshiksha.com/online_courses/) EasyShiksha is an endeavor of HawksCode Softwares Pvt. Ltd. Initiated this platform in 2012, with an aim to improve the e-learning scenario on a global level. The EasyShiksha portal provides an integrated platform, serving a multitude of user-types such as students, faculties, educational institutes, universities, and coaching institutes. This platform provides a one-stop solution for all the aforementioned entities. Students to search register and get certificates of different courses. Students can explore thousands of colleges with Easyshiksha. EasyShiksha also provides platforms for Government Exams preparation by providing free online test series along with daily Test Series which will keep you updated with the current affairs worldwide. INFLIBNET (https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/) e-PG Pathshala is an initiative of the MHRD under its National Mission on Education through ICT (NME-ICT) being executed by the UGC. The content and its quality being the key component of education system, high quality, curriculum-based, interactive e-content in 70 subjects across all disciplines of social sciences, arts, fine arts and humanities, natural & mathematical sciences, linguistics and languages have been developed by the subject experts working in Indian universities and other R & D institutes across the country. Every subject had a team of principal investigator, paper coordinators, content writers, content reviewers, Language editors and multimedia team.

Most Popular MOOCs Platforms: A) IITBombayX (https://iitbombayx.in/) : IITBombayX is an online platform developed by IIT Bombay, to offer Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for individuals from varying

https://hawkscode.com/

http://www.iitb.ac.in/






backgrounds. They specialize in Hybrid MOOCs which captures the benefits of flipped classrooms, online lectures, and live interactions with the IITBombayX course instructors. IITBombayX offers four different types of MOOCs for various learning needs. EduMOOCs: Its targeted for learners wishing to enhance their academic knowledge in different fields of study. These MOOCs are mainly IIT Bombay extension courses, and are taught with the same rigor as those running on the campus. SkillMOOCs : Its effectively trains individuals in their on-the-job skills, with a primary focus on professional development. The learners honing such skills are likely to succeed by gaining a competitive edge in their profession. TeachMOOCs Its designed for teachers across the country, to enhance their teaching skills, by introducing them to various pedagogical methodologies. TeachMOOCs are mostly conducted in a hybrid fashion, where the initial part of learning is conducted online, followed by face-to-face sessions. LifeMOOCs : It offers courses of short duration for working professionals and others desiring to pursue life-long learning. Life-long learning is the journey that every learner seeks to undertake. The purpose of LifeMOOCs is to benefit learners in elevating their careers. In addition, these MOOCs may well be used as precursors to any other domain of MOOCs.

B) mooKIT (https://www.mookit.co/):- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur is well known for its excellence in education and research and has been offering MOOCs since 2012. mooKIT, a MOOC Management System has been built up at the Computer Science department at IIT Kanpur with best-of-breed features and state-of-art technology. mooKIT is a system that instructors, learners and system administrators find easy to work with - designed for ―Internet Novices‖. Its unique architecture makes it highly customizable and cost-effective at any scale. mooKIT has been used in more than 20 courses with about 200,000 registered students.

https://iitbombayx.in/mode_of_delivery

https://www.mookit.co/):-






C) NPTEL (https://nptel.ac.in/) : NPTEL stands for National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning. It is a project funded by MHRD, initiated in 2003. It is a joint initiative of seven Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institute of Science (IISC) for offering courses on engineering and science, initially. Now, NPTEL has started online course in computer science; electrical, mechanical, and ocean engineering; management; humanities, music etc. It offers free course with nominal fees for certification. Anybody from anywhere can join their course. NPTEL uses the open-source technology for offering courses. The courses are powered by Google‘s open-source platform Course Builder that runs on App Engine and Compute Engine. Also, it offers course content mainly in video lectures prepared in a conventional classroom environment, while some may also use slides to share the content.

D) Open edX (https://open.edx.org/): Open edX is a nonprofit online initiative created by founding partners Harvard and MIT and composed of dozens of leading global institutions, the xConsortium. EdX offers interactive online courses and MOOCs from the world‘s best

universities and institutions. Open edX is the open source platform that powers edX courses. Through our commitment to the open source vision, edX code is freely available to the community. Institutions can host their own instances of Open edX and offer their own classes. Educators can extend the platform to build learning tools that precisely meet their needs. And developers can contribute new features to the Open edX platform.

E) SWAYAM (https://www.swayam.gov.in/): SWAYAM is a programme initiated by Government of India and designed to achieve the three cardinal principles of Education Policy viz., access, equity and quality. The objective of this effort is to take the best teaching learning

https://nptel.ac.in/

https://open.edx.org/

https://www.swayam.gov.in/






resources to all, including the most disadvantaged. SWAYAM seeks to bridge the digital divide for students who have hitherto remained untouched by the digital revolution and have not been able to join the mainstream of the knowledge economy. This is done through an indigenous developed IT platform that facilitates hosting of all the courses, taught in classrooms from 9th class till post-graduation to be accessed by anyone, anywhere at any time. All the courses are interactive, prepared by the best teachers in the country and are available, free of cost to the residents in India. More than 1,000 specially chosen faculty and teachers from across the Country have participated in preparing these courses.

The courses hosted on SWAYAM are in 4 quadrants – (1) video lecture, (2) specially prepared reading material that can be downloaded/printed (3) self-assessment tests through tests and quizzes and (4) an online discussion forum for clearing the doubts. Steps have been taken to enrich the learning experience by using audio-video and multi-media and state of the art pedagogy / technology. In order to ensure best quality content are produced and delivered, nine National Coordinators have been appointed: They are AICTE for self-paced and international courses, NPTEL for engineering, UGC for non technical post-graduation education, CEC for under-graduate education, NCERT & NIOS for school education, IGNOU for out of the school students, IIMB for management studies and NITTTR for Teacher Training programme. Courses delivered through SWAYAM are available free of cost to the learners, however students wanting certifications shall be registered, shall be offered a certificate on successful completion of the course, with a little fee. At the end of each course, there will be an assessment of the student through proctored examination and the marks/grades secured in this exam could be transferred to the academic record of the students. UGC has already issued the UGC (Credit Framework for online learning courses through SWAYAM) Regulation 2016 advising the Universities to identify courses where credits can be transferred on to the academic record of the students for courses done on SWAYAM. This platform is indigenously developed by Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) with the help of Microsoft and would be ultimately capable of hosting 2000 courses and 80000 hours of learning: covering school, under-graduate, post-graduate, engineering, law and other professional courses

Advantages of MOOCs:

1. Courses are offered for free 2. Access to courses offered by professors at the top schools

https://www.aicte-india.org/

http://www.nptel.ac.in/

http://www.ugc.ac.in/

http://cec.nic.in/Pages/Home.aspx

http://www.ncert.nic.in/

http://www.nios.ac.in/

http://www.ignou.ac.in/

http://www.iimb.ernet.in/

http://www.nitttrc.ac.in/

http://mhrd.gov.in/

http://mhrd.gov.in/

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3. Courses are available to a vast and diverse audience across the globe 4. Learners‘ performance can be monitored easily using the data captured during the start

of courses 5. Both professors and learners get world-wide exposure, thus improving pedagogical techniques and knowledge sharing 6. Can be used as a tool in a blended learning program, where students can access more information than what is provided in the class 7. MOOCs Allow Participating Professors to Rethink Their Course 8. MOOCs Encourage Teachers to Become Tech Savvy 9. MOOCs Provide Analytics that Improve Learning

Disadvantages of MOOCs 1. Can‘t provide for personalized courseware and attention from a tutor 2. It is difficult to keep track of students‘ assignments and involvement 3. Learners with disabilities and a poor Internet connection can‘t use MOOCs 4. Language can be a barrier while offering MOOCs 5. MOOCs can‘t be used as a credit-earning course at universities

Conclusion: In terms of innovation in education industry, online education plays important role in

developing content of education in terms of money. Today everyone is on internet and learning everyday something from it. It has become a valuable and cost effective media for students to develop skills just by sitting home free of cost. Multiple unfold opportunities are seen by it is a growing industry and have scope of improvement in India.

References , Webilography (Internet Sources) & Bibliography: (n.d.). Retrieved Januaru 5, 2019, from www.coursera.org/: www.coursera.org/ 3Ways MOOCs Benifits Teachers. (2013, July 17). Retrieved December 25, 2018, from htttp://corp.kaltura.com/blog/3-way-moocs-benifits-teachers: htttp://corp.kaltura.com/blog/3-way-moocs-benifits-teachers A.K.Singh, R. J. (2018, August 05). Exploring Effective MOOC Development Methodology For SWAYAM. (AIU, Ed.) UNIVERSITY NEWS , 56 (30), pp. 13-22. Ali, S. B. (2018, October 22-28). Massive Open Online Course Platform as a potential Genere for Progressive Professional Development Of Teachers. (AIU, Ed.) University News , 56 (43), pp. 13-20. B.N.Jain, G. G. (2014, July). MOOCS And THe Future Of Indian Higher Education. Retrieved January 4, 2019 Bali, M. (2014). MOOC Pedagogy:Gleaning Good Practice From Existing MOOCs. MEROLT Journal Of Online Learning And Teaching , 44-56. Bhagat, S., & Raju, R. (2017). Study Of Web Of Active-Learning For Young Aspiring Minds Making A Digital India . International Journal Of Advances Enginnering and Research , 96-103. Chauhan, J. (2017). An Overview OF MOOC In India. International Journal OF Computer Trend And Technology , 49 (2), 111-120. Chauhan, R. C. (2018, November 05-11). Massive Open Online Courses: Opportunities And Challenges. (AIU, Ed.) University News , 56 (45), pp. 8-13.






chen, J. C.-c. (2013). Opportunities And Challenges Of MOOCs:Perspective From Asia. IFLA WLIC , 1-15. http://nptel.ac.in. (n.d.). Retrieved January 05, 2019, from http://nptel.ac.in: http://nptel.ac.in http://www.mookit.co/. (n.d.). Retrieved January 05, 2019, from http://www.mookit.co/: http://www.mookit.co/ http://www.open.edx.org/. (n.d.). Retrieved January 5, 2019, from http://www.open.edx.org/: http://www.open.edx.org/ http://www.swayam.gov.in. (n.d.). Retrieved December & January 25-05, 2018/2019, from http://www.swayam.gov.in: http://www.swayam.gov.in htttp://iitbombayx.in/. (n.d.). Retrieved January 5, 2019, from htttp://iitbombayx.in/: htttp://iitbombayx.in/ Hung, M. (2017, January 4). MOOCs Are Transforming Education in India. MOOC News . K.Sharma, A. (2017). MOOCs in Indian Higher Education System: An Overview. Retrieved January 4, 2019, from http://researchgate.net/publication/312625111: http://researchgate.net/publication/312625111 Kennedy, J. (2014). Characteristics Of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): A Research Review,2009-2012. Journal Of Interactive Online Learning , 13 (1), 1-7. Ministry Of Human Resourses Development Department Of Higher Education. (2015). Massive Open Online Courses An Initiative under National Mission On Education Through Information Communication Programme. Ministry Of Human Resourses Development Department Of Higher Education. Delhi: Ministry Of Human Resourses Development Department Of Higher Education. Srikant, M. (2016). The Advantages And Distadvantages Of MOOCs Learning. LinkedIn . www.khanacademy.com. (n.d.). Retrieved December 29, 2018, from www.khanacademy.com: www.khanacademy.com www.p2pu.org/en/. (n.d.). Retrieved January 5, 2019, from www.p2pu.org/en/: www.p2pu.org/en/ www.udacity.com. (n.d.). Retrieved December 31, 2018, from www.udacity.com: www.udacity.com www.udemy.com. (n.d.). Retrieved January 5, 2019, from www.udemy.com: www.udemy.com






The Impact of Internet of Things (Iot) in Academic Library

Mr. Ashish V. Chaudhari Assistant Librarian

[email protected] Bhusawal Arts, Science and P.O.Nahata Commerce College, Bhusawal, MS

Abstract:

This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT). The growth of information technology and communications is rapidly changing the way people interact with each other. Currently, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and related topics such as Internet of Things (IoT) have an essential influence on all elements of human life. IoT as a prevalent phenomenon has transformed day to day life drastically with the usage of the smart features of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies. As IoT progresses, it has extended in size and dimension, the traditional Library system improving many contexts of the society.

IOT is being widely adopted in the commercial as well as other sectors. Although IoT enables traditional libraries to convert into digital ones, the implementation of the IoT in libraries is slow. The purpose of this paper is to report on the current state of research on applications of IOT in libraries, to describe challenges that IOT applications face in libraries and todiscus directions of adopting IoT in libraries in future.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).

Introduction: Libraries are essential in our life to improve our knowledge. The IoT is enabled by the

latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologiesand Internet protocols.Now a days, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and related topics Like Internet of Things (IoT) have an essential influence on all the elements of human life. IoT has a prevalent phenomenon has transformed human life by the usage of the smart features of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies. As IoT progresses, it has extended in size and dimension, the traditional library system.

What is Internet of Things? The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical

and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem of connected physical objects that are accessible through the internet. The ‗thing‘ in IoT could be a person with a heart monitor or an

automobile with built-in-sensors, which mean objects that have been assigned an IP address and have the ability to collect and transfer data over a network without manual assistance or intervention. The embedded technology in the objects helps them to interact with internal states or the external environment, which in turn affects the decisions taken. History of IoT:

Most other sites trying to explain the history of IoT (Internet of Things) tend to travel a bit too far by listing all the technologies related to it that were invented before the Internet






officially became available for the general public to use. Actually one need not have to go back too far , but do take a trip down memory lane in the year 1999.The term ‗Internet of Things‘is 16

years old.The actual idea of connected devices had been around longer, at least since the 70s. Back then, the idea was often called ―embedded internet‖ or ―pervasive computing‖. The actual

term ―Internet of Things‖was actually coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999 during his work at Procter&Gamble. Ashton who was working in supply chain optimization, wanted to attract senior management‘s attention to a new exciting technology called ‗RFID‘. Because the internet

was the hottest new trend in 1999 and because it somehow made sense, he titled his presentation ―Internet of Things‖. Technologies used:

The basic set of technologies associated to enable IoT to function, include RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device), wireless communication devices such as Beacons, sensors, energy harvesting technologies, cloud computing and advanced Internet protocol (IPv6).RFID helps to identify and track the data of things, sensors collect and process data to detect the changes in the physical status of objects, energy harvesting technologies help in low energy consumption of associated technologies like as Bluetooth; the collected data is stored on the cloud for further processing and wireless communication enables connection and interaction between objects to take further course of action. These smart technologies helps in enhancing the power of network and enable smallest objects with a capacity to connect and interact. Smart phones would act as the main connecting link between objects and humans in interacting and conveying the messages. These underlying technologies mentioned above enable any of the physical objects connect to Internet and to each other.

Impact on libraries: Even though IOT is still in its infancy, it has a huge potential for libraries. Libraries will

be able to add more value addition to their services and offer rich library experience for patrons. IoT is all about connecting objects each other online as they are uniquely identifiable. Librarians are already familiar with its usage in libraries with to the use of RFID, which does the similar thing of interacting with machines, tags and updates library management system with entries of books issued to a user. But in case of IOT, the only difference is, it is the Internet interacting with a thing or object such as book. Libraries have books, journals, CDs/DVDs, theses and many more physical objects and IoT can be a blessing in disguise to overcome some of the perennial library problems such as misplacement of objects and their usage. It can even help in strengthening the ties between the books and readers thereby realizing Dr S.R. Ranganathan‘s

2nd law of library science ―Every Reader his or her Book.‖ Since most of the patrons in present

days have smart phones, using a mobile app, libraries can enable them to access and use library resources through virtual library card. It has the great potential for libraries to market their services.

Some of the potential areas for implementation of IoT in libraries include the following: Access to library and its resources Collection management Information literacy Recommendation service Location based services Appliances management

http://twitter.com/kevin_ashton






Future of IoT in libraries: The future of IoT in libraries seems to be robust looking to in the developments in this

sector. IoT once fully evolved, may bring in sea change in a way how libraries function and provide services to their patrons. It may turn library buildings to in smart buildings, wherein patron can interact with various things in the library and get virtually all kinds of information using devices having communication capabilities. Now a day, IoT may enter deeper into various areas of libraries and may be able to give statistics on usage of library resources, map-indicating areas of library most used, and the satisfaction level of user‘ sexperience. Libraries need to take into consideration various issues before jumping into the IoT. First is privacy and security of patron‘s data as there is a possibility of sharing this data with third

parties, which may lead to hacking. Secondly, the cost of investment in IoT technologies in terms of money, manpower and time. Thirdly, staff training and finally the most important thing is declining in the use of physical library. Libraries by taking their patrons into confidence, informing them about privacy and security of data and providing the required training and infrastructure would be able to implement IoT to enrich their services and patron‘s library

experiences.

Conclusion: IOT has a great potential for libraries. IoT is still in evolving stage and it makes sense for

librarians to learn about this new technology and wait until the technology is more widely accepted, adopted and available for better implementation in libraries. Libraries are prone for change and it has been witnessed over a period of history, Hence IoT would be the next big thing after Internet, which is going to bring in plethora of changes to the library arena, particularly the way library connects and communicates with its patrons.

References 1. Techopedia, Internet of things. Available at:

ttp://www.techopedia.com/definition/28247/internet-of-things -IoT (Accessed on 10 Apr 2015)

2. Whatis, Internet of things. Available at: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things (Accessed on 10 Apr 2015)

3. Ashton K, the Internet of Things. Available at: http://kevinjashton.com/2009/06/22/the-internet-of-things/ (Accessed on 20 Apr 2015)

4. Donovan F,A Brief history of the internet of things. Available at: http://www.fiercemobileit.com/story/brief-history-internetthings/2014-07-23 (Accessed on 25 Apr 2015)

5. International Telecommunication Union, ITU Internet reports, 2005: Internet of things. Available at: http://www.itu.int/wsis/tunis/newsroom/stats/The-Internetof-Things-2005.pdf (Accessed on 30 Apr 2015)

6. Wikipedia, IPSO alliance. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPSO_Alliance (Accessed on 5 May 2015)

7. Dave Evans, The Internet of Things: How the Next Evolution of the Internet Is Changing Everything, white paper(San José, CA: Cisco Internet Business SolutionsGroup [IBSG], April 2011), 4-5, http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0411FINAL.pdf.

8. Hermann Kopetz, Real-Time Systems: Design Principlesfor Distributed Embedded Applications (New York:Springer, 2011), 321.

http://www.cisco/






Web Based Library Services : An Overview

Anita P. Patil Librarian

College of social work, Badnera [email protected]

Abstract :-

World wide web (www) & Internet as a new media of Information storage & Delivery provides supreme media for delivery of information with greater speed. As more libraries move towards providing their services in a digital environment. His paper explained about web based library services, why it is necessary and attractive among users, advantages and also different web based resource have been highlighted.

Key Word :- Internet, Network Resources, Web access, web based library services

Introduction :- World wide Web by Library & information professionals in the present digital era. Use of

Internet and World Wide Web brought about phenomenal changes in the traditional library functions. Present day user no longer depends solely on the physical library resources but seeks information from the global computer network. In order to satisfy these users, the libraries should transform themselves by subscribing to e-resources and developing electronic library services. Web based library services are becoming the order of the day While in the 1980s and early 1990s the Internet‘s modalities changed the traditional

library functions and were used mainly for communications, database Searching and bibliographic access etc. , the current web developments have Changed the Mode and from in which information is published, accessed, disseminated, archived utilized and improvised. The web developments such as semantic web and cloud computing have raised strong interest with in the library & information science community. The modern library has been constantly working to satisfy the needs of its users in the web enabled environment. .

World Wide Web : - Web is popularly used as the synonymous term of www or internet or online. The web is

a server system used to access all kinds of information to any from anywhere. The web is an ideal media for providing information. Advantages of Web/ Internet :-

Saves the time of the users Overcomes the availability of less number of library staff to carry out the library works.

Save library expenditure

Tools of Internet:- Email-exchange of mails (text, graphics, programs, audio-video etc.) one to one, one to many, Use Net, list serve, mail base etc. TELNET remote login. FTP to move files between computers. WWW navigation tool that enables browsing information linked to other related information and provides unlimited access to large universe of e-documents.







Impact on library function : - The following are various functions of libraries which may take advantage from internet and web technologies. Acquisition :-

Correspondence with book sellers & publishers. Reminders, price verification.

Bibliographic details and downloading of bibliographic records. Ordering, billing.

Online bookshops. Classification :- * Network resources available on the net, subscribed or free or trial basis. * Online classifications. Collection & development :- * Ownership vs. access.

* Subscribe in print/e-forms or subscribe in print as well as in e-form. * Consortia approach.

Cataloguing :- OCLC

OPAC/WEB OPAC MARK & AACR2

Circulation :- Remote login Status check OPAC access

Reminders to users ILL

Resource Sharing :- * Union catalogue * Access to database over networks * Full text journals access etc.

Services :- * ILL * Document delivery service * Reference services * Current awareness service * Data base access many vendors & organizations are moving to web access.

Impact of world wide web on library services : - The libraries, web site is the product of collaboration by a number of individuals, each bringing their talents and expertise to the effort. In order to enhance its presence on the web, the Libraries must meet several challenges: 1) Hire and train staff members capable of working with web technologies. 2) Invest in the necessary technical infrastructure. 3) Most important approach the task of web building in a truly collaborative fashion.






―Information Communication technology (ICT) is the heart of world wide web.‖ The World Wide Web is easy to use i.e. user friendly. Excellent Services can be offered to users. It is expandable which means any number of users can access it and view it at any given time. It is also effective since user gets all his required information by various online services. It is efficient since user gets what he or she wants. Even though there is an explosion of information around the world information can be accessed with minimum time and efforts. The main function of any library is collection and preservation of knowledge, besides its dissemination to all users.

Traditional libraries act as treasure houses of books rather than channels for dissemination of information. Gurudev Ravindranath Tagore rightly remarked that‘ the event of

use to which the reading material of the library is put, should determine the importance rather than staggering number of volumes‘. He remarked that increased use of books determine the

significance of the library. All housekeeping operations of libraries till last few decades were managed manually. Acquisition, classification, cataloguing , circulation, stock taking , periodicals management work were conducted manually. It used to consume a lot of time and there was in ordinate delay to reach the book to the end user. But due to automation of libraries i.e. the use of ICT in libraries, quick housekeeping operation are performed and users get the needed book relatively in less time. In www environment, users get information just with the click of a mouse from the internet or other web sources.

World Wide Web Based Library Services :- A) Internet enabled web OPAC – With the help of a web browser like internet explorer, a

user can connect to web and information can be searched from anywhere in the world. B) Reference services- According to Dr. S .R. Ranganathan , reference service is of the

following four kinds- I) Initiation of the fresher –Introduction of library. II) General help to general reader -reader wants help in searching If he fails to locate the

needed information. III) Short range reference service- provides readymade answers to particular questions. Time

is an important factor in this service. IV) Long range reference service- To find out adequate and proper information and to serve

the user, long time is required. In www based services, once the information is located from web based sources, tools such as E-mails, Ask-a-librarian, subject gateways are used to provide reference services. C) Bibliographic services – In traditional libraries browsing through the manual indexes and

abstracts is time consuming and difficult task. While ICT databases facilitate multiple searches e.g. keyword, subject, author etc.

D) Current Awareness Service- It is provided by selecting articles from the current issues of journals, usually subject wise. In ICT era, libraries compile current awareness bulletins using predefined search strategy for getting the required information. One can register on New York Times newspaper to receive, summary of news on daily basis. Web blogs and Free print are examples of web based CAS.






E) ICT based services- a) Internet Access b) Web based resources c) e-theses d) e-books e) e-journals f) digital Archives g) Networking of libraries (INFLIBNET, DELNET) h) Social Networking.

Web based resources include web 2.0 tools for library which are generally known as Library 2.0. The technology includes Face book, Flicker, Blogs, Wikis, Podcast, You tube, Instant Messaging tools etc. Which may be used for dissemination of information to library users.

Web based library services- web based library services means, library services provided using Internet as medium and

library website as a gateway with the help of Integrate library management system. On the user perspective, web-based library services such as: Online text books, databases, tutorials and a virtual library of link to other useful resources. It provides the unique service of linking to full-text articles, integrating library housekeeping operations library policies, staff listings etc. for timely help. According to white (2001) it can be defined broadly as ‘an information access

service in which users ask question via electronic means e.g. email or web forms.

Types of Web Resources :- 1) Open Web: Anything online that can be found freely with a search engine. 2) Gated Web: Online Resources accessible by subscription E.G. OED. 3) Invisible Web : Databases that are not found by search engines and can only be

accessible through a particular page or front end E.g. American Web site http:// memory.loc.org

Social Web Tools In Library Services : - As libraries are fundamentally a social institution, social networking services has become

a major issue within libraries. Libraries are becoming a social cyberspace where users can access, share, and tweet like resources on the social environment. This is because the modern library of the 21st century is characterized with collective knowledge creation and interactive technologies. The two-way communicational interactive environment enables users to use blogs, Wikis, RSS aggregator Feeds to provide feedback and comments. Social networking services for collaboration in libraries applies through various aspects which deals with collaborative partnership, the partners in library collaboration and the types of work. A number of librarians have suggested that Face book could be a feasible way to deliver library services and communication with users.

Furthermore, Face book & My Space were found to be helpful in enhancing libraries Social visibility through profiles that showed a uniform identity. In this changing environment, however, it is essential that librarians should follow the public conversation, posts, updates and events of these key individuals, and pro-actively offer advice, resources, and help. He should act as an active participation of the social space and be able to identify the need of the members of the library communities and to proffer solutions by offering information, links to the websites that are relevant to their information needs; and even direct offers of help .

Conclusion :- This is an era of information explosion; the information plays an important role not only

in the initial stage but throughout the research process. In the present electronic age, various new






technologies are emerging to facilitate information storage, process and transfer much faster than the traditional print media. In the modern world, Information and Communication Technology plays a dynamic role in library and their services. The libraries have become knowledge centers. The users gets the information easily, exhaustively and pin-pointedly. So, the building collection and providing services, improving access to information should be he guiding criteria for libraries in electronic era. With the use of ICT, the libraries are trying to provide the best services to the users. . Reference:-

1. Chandraiah, I(2009).Elements of web based current awareness services in library. 38th APLA conference Guntur.

2. Deshmukh, V.M. , (2010).‖ ICT and college Library‖ state Library Conference VMV

college on Role of college Librarian in the information Network era, Nagpur. 3. M. Ravi Kumar. (2004). Information Technology for Higher Educatio9n, New delhi :

sonali publications. 4. Vinitha, K., Kanthimathi S. & Tharani Devi K, (2006). ―Impact of ICT on library and

their services‖ DRT Conference on ICT for facilitating Digital Learning environment,

Bangolore. 5. University News -AIU-vol.56. no.51 Dec.17—23 2018.pg no, 72






Current Trends in Library and Information Science Education and Research in India

Jitendra R. Dange

Librarian Late Ku. Durga K. Banmeru Science College, Lonar Dist. Buldana Pin-443302

Abstract : This paper describes the history and recent trends in library and information science education in India. In India, Library and Information Science study initiated in 1911 with the efforts of Sayajiroa Gaikwad II, ruler of Baroda state. After the time span of 20 years, in 1931, Shiyali Ramamrut Ranganathan actively participated in library science research. This includes process of knowledge classification, cataloguing, documentation, library administration, internet, information literacy, change in management & library security. With the advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) and its applications in library activities and services leads to determine the future trends in LIS education and research. Library and Information Science education training facility in India are undergoing rapid changes therefore the need of collection of information and knowledge of library database is essential.

Keywords:- Recent trends in LIS research, LIS education in India.

Introduction : Historical backgrounds of LIS education and research -In the world historical background of library science is more than 133 years old. When, the first library school was started by Melvil Dewey at Columbia College in 1887. But In India, Library and Information Science study initiated in 1911 with the efforts of SayajiRoa Gaikwad II, ruler of Baroda state. After the time span of 20 years, in 1931, Shiyali Ramamrut Ranganathan actively participated in library science research. S. R. Ranganathan sir introduced Five law of library science, Colon Classification, Classified Catalogue Code, Normative Principles, Canons etc. with the effort of S. R. Ranganathan different type of subject areas are introduce in Library and Information Science. First study was carried on Facet analysis and depth classification of agriculture and next one was on Expansion and Modification of Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) for classifying Indological books with special reference to Indian Philosophy and Indian religion. But during the passage of time, new subject are introduced in Library and Information Science such as Citation analysis, Webometric, ICT, Bibliometric, Internet uses, information Science, Management, library software, Information Management etc. as a result, the scope of the Library and Information Science are spread. Research means careful investigation to establish facts and research new conclusions. Current Trends- Now the library and information science subject has been influenced by

the wave of ICT and digital and web technologies which take it at new heights and leave behind the traditional librarianship. The younger generations are running after Information and Communication Technology application in library services and activities. In order to know the recent trends in library and information science research, the present study has been conceived to know the recent trends in Library and Information Science. The current trends in library and information science can be preferably considered in the following ways.






Library Security in Management Science Studies: The current trends in management studies, includes the use of laws and knowledge regarding the storage of information and its application. The Librarian use CCTV and RFID etc. new techniques regarding the library security.

Use of Computer database and Information Technology: Now a day computer use for the study of old topics like classification; cataloguing and database. The information technology functions and manages the information technology. Its main purpose is to motivate user to know about it.

Digital Library: Digital Libraries use latest techniques to render library services in today‘s

Information and Communication Technology environment. The main focus of research under this area is only on finding out the initiatives of digitization in libraries and the related aspects. Much research is going on relating to this area but few research scholars are studying about the technology involved in creating digital libraries.

Knowledge of Computer and Internet: Today age is termed as ―computer age‖. That is

why the syllabus of computer is included in Library and Information Science. The knowledge of internet is the need of the time. Because Internet is the most important factor of today‘s

Life. The future Librarian must be given the knowledge of this technique. Librarian‟s Training Classes: The Librarian to be well equipped with communication skills

for this, training classes for Librarian are arranged to make him adept in communication skills. The needs of the reader and the information they want can be fulfilled with this. For acquiring information such as internet, website is needed to be introduced to the librarians.

Arrangement of Continuous education, seminars, workshops and conferences: The University and the Library association take initiative in the arrangement of continuous education, seminars, workshops and conferences. The main purpose is to make librarian acquainted with new trends and developments in Library science.

Information Literacy Programmed and use information and document retrieval:-It is really very difficult to reach up to the expectations of users. Therefore, it became the need of the time to arrange information Literacy programmed. It will ultimately equip the librarian with some specific skills. Expert systems Use of automatic classification techniques for document retrieval Application of parallel processing techniques to information retrieval, etc Library and Learning Resources Centre has been established as one of the vital component

and hub of all the teaching –learning activities. Therefore, the Library and Information Science as one of the important professional subject has been growing tremendously in the last century and also in the present century, which has been evident from the various events like seminar, conference and workshop being organized by educational institutions, professional agencies. Research by analysing the seminar, conference and workshop brochures and tried to find out the main theme area and subtheme areas of seminar and conferences.

Conclusion The Library is not confined only to the transaction of the books, but it has become the

centre of information. Research in Library and Information Science plays a very important role in shaping the future of this profession. In LIS research, Libraries and their services in ICT environment are most important topics for research. The continuity of research in LIS helps the profession to go higher in terms of providing better services to users. LIS research has given a






new height to this profession and given a chance to the professionals for uplifting their career. Now days, classification and cataloguing have got immense importance. As a part of this, a demand of imparting education in Library and Information Science is coming forward. The education of this sort is also impacted by distance mode. Besides this, it is found that the utility and security of Libraries is steadily increasing by means of the programmers, like continuous education, seminars, conferences and mass Literacy programmes etc. References: 1. Patra, Swapan Kumar and Prakash Chand (2006). ―Library and Information Science research

in India: A Bibliographic Study‖ Annals of Library and Information Studies 53. Dec:219-223.

2. Kaba, A. (2002). Research trends in Library and Information Science at the International Islamic University Malaysia. Library Review, 51 (1): 32 – 37.

3. Bajpai, R.P., (2007). Current Trends in Library and Information Science, New Delhi, India Pub. &Distributions.

4. Rana, Reshma, (2011). ―Research Trends in Library and Information Science in India with a focus on Pubjab University, Chandigarh‖ International Information and Library Review 43.1:23-42.

5. Satija, M.P. (2010). What ails doctoral research in library& information science in India. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology. 30 (5). 61-66.

6. Buva, G.A. (2007). Granthalya and Mahitishastra Vyvasthapnache nave pravah, savantvari, shri sai.prakashan.

7. Sarangi, Prashant. (2010). Research Methdology, New Delhi, Taxmann Publications Pvt Ltd. 8. Patra, Swapan Kumar & Prakash Chand. (2006). Library & information science research in

India: A bibliometric study. Annals of Library & Information Studies. 53. 219-223. 9. Kohlberg, L. A. (1996). Content analysis of library & information science serial literature

published in Denmark, 1957- 1086‖. Library & Information Science Research 18:25- 52. 10. Lahiri, R.(1996). Research in Library Science in India (1950- 95): An Account of Ph.D.

Programme. Annals of Library Science and Documentation, 43(2):56-68.






Recent Trend in N-LIST and NDL

Mr. Manoj P. Waghmare Librarian, Rajarshee Shahu Science College, Chandur Rly. Dist. Amravati

E-mail: [email protected]

Mr. Avinash G. Yette Dr. Arun Motghare Mahavidyalaya Kondha-Kosra, Tah: Pauni, Dist: Bhandara

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract : This research paper gives brief knowledge of NDL India & N-LIST. This Research Paper

describes the various information regarding NDL India & N-LIST and there features. Various Libraries adopt new technology and techniques to implement new trend.. This topic is focused on the resent trend in e-resources with N-LIST & NDL India, need and types of e-Resources, Impact of NDL India & N-LIST on Library and Information Services, differences between N-LIST and NDL, analysis of NDL India & N-LIST uses. NDL India and N-LIST are boon for the user.

Introduction: The library services are changing rapidly in present century. With the development of e-

publishing, libraries are not only focus on acquire printed reading materials but also arranging for provide access of various learning e-resources. The development of Web 2.0 and the boosted of open sources and shared use concept have focused on user generated content and applications for sharing. This has led to the fast development and popularity of electronic resources. E-Resources are occupying a significant portion of the global literature. The different types of e-resources are E-books, E-journals, E-Databases, Audio Lectures, Video Lectures, CDs/DVDs, E-conference proceedings, E-Reports, E-Maps, Images/Photographs, E-Manuscripts, E-Theses, E-synopsis, E-newspaper, Internet/Websites Newsgroups, Animation, PPT presentation etc.

The electronic resources are helpful because of their easy portability and its feature of incorporating more than one book in a single hand held device. NDL India and N-List are boon for the e-resources and users. The published materials are also available on open access platform like NDL, PDF drive, DOAJ, DOAB, etc. NDL India provides open access platform to all types of users. NDL India, PDF drive, etc. The Paper focuses on the e-resources of NDL India and N-LIST and uses.

Objectives of study To study of the e-resources and digital library. To understand and explain the use of NDL & N-LIST.

To study the impact on the use of NDL & N-LIST? To study the responsibility of Librarian. NDL is really national asset of India.

Difference between NDL & N-LIST.

Types of Learning E-Resources The types of e-resources are Book, Audio books, Biography, Bibliography, Audio

Lecture, Video Lectures, Journal, Newspaper, Periodical, Magazine, Photograph, Poster, Script, Album, Almanac, Annual Report, Appendix, Article, Calendar, Catalogue, Chart, Conference








Proceeding, Correspondence, Data Set, Directory, Education Game, Gazetteer, Graph, Handout, Historical Record, Leaflet, Letter, Manual, Manuscript, Map, Monographs, Music Notation Patent, Podcast Presentation, Presentation, Question Paper, Simulation, Solution, Standard, Survey, Syllabus, Synopsis, Technical Report, Thesis, Web Course & etc.

N-LIST N-LIST stands for "National Library and Information Services Infrastructure for

Scholarly Content (N-LIST)" an initiative of Ministry of Human Recourse Development under the NME-ICT now funded by UGC, as college component under e-ShodhSindhu Consortium. N-List is a project that is being jointly executed by the e-ShodhSindhu Consortium, INFLIBNET Centre and the INDEST-AICTE Consortium, IIT Delhi. The programme is funded by the MHRD to extend access to selected e-resources to colleges covered under Section 2F/12B of UGC Act as well as Non-aided colleges. This project provides for:

The N-LIST project provides access to e-resources to students, researchers and faculty from colleges and other beneficiary institutions through server(s) installed at the INFLIBNET Centre. The authorized users from colleges can access e-resources and download articles required by them directly from the publisher's website once they are duly authenticated as authorized users.

N-LIST provides access to full-text e-journals, e-books and databases accessible through UGC-INFLIBNET‘s N-LIST databases. One can now access 6328+ full-text journals and 3135000 + e-books freely and remotely. All electronic resources subscribed under N-LIST Programme are available from the publisher's website. N-LIST provides access of e-resources to all college covered under section 12B of UGC Act and Non-Aided College (Except Agriculture, Engineering, Management, Medical, Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing).

National Digital Library of India (NDL) The Ministry of Human Resource Development under National Mission on Education

through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT) initiated the National Digital Library (NDL) Pilot Project in April, 2015 with project cost of Rs. 39.8 Corers. The National Digital Library Project is coordinated by the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. NDL covers setting up 24X7 infrastructures, providing single window search and browse facility for e-Learning resources to users, including e Contents that are available in various institutions of the country by integrating Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) of respective institutions and registering users from Participating Institutions. The alpha version of the NDL Portal has been made operational on February, 2016, which is available at https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in. Since it is a Digital Library, it is seamlessly available without any State/UT wise physical or accessibility constraint. National Digital Library is accessible to all students, teachers, researchers, Government Officials, Public Servants, etc. irrespective of their State/UT. National Digital Library currently hosts contents in 70 languages, both in Indian and Foreign. The user interface through which users can search/ browse contents is mostly English and also available in Hindi and Bengali at present. The main objectives of NDL are built up a repository for national knowledge asset.

Differences between NDL India & N-LIST The major differences between NDL India & N-LIST are -






Particular NDL India N-LIST

No of E-Resources available

19845301+ Items 3141000 + Items

Membership Fee

No membership fee Annual membership fee 1) Rs. 5900 (Rs. 5000/-

membership fee +Rs. 900/- (18%) GST) - For College under section 12B of UGC Act in India.

2) Rs. 35400 (30000 membership fee +Rs. 5400/- (18%) GST) – For Non-Aided College (Except Agriculture, Engineering, Management, Medical, Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing) in India

Member Anyone (All types of user) All kind of student (all levels) All academic levels including researchers, Life-long learners, all disciplines etc. Differently-abled learners Teacher, Librarians. Professionals etc.

Only students, researchers, Librarian and faculty from College (Except Agriculture, Engineering, Management, Medical, Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing).

Types of E-resources available

Book, Audio books, Biography, Bibliography, Audio Lecture, Video Lectures, Journal, Newspaper, Periodical, Magazine, Photograph, Poster, Script, Album, Almanac, Annual Report, Appendix, Article, Calendar, Catalogue, Chart, Conference Proceeding, Correspondence, Data Set, Directory, Education Game, Gazetteer, Graph, Handout, Historical Record, Leaflet, Letter, Manual, Manuscript, Map, Monographs, Music Notation Patent, Podcast Presentation, Presentation, Question Paper, Simulation, Solution, Standard, Survey, Syllabus, Synopsis, Technical Report, Thesis, Web Course & etc.

Only E-books & E-Journals

Mobile App NDL India Mobile app available No Mobile app available

Executed by E-ShodhSindhu Consortium, INFLIBNET Centre and the INDEST-AICTE Consortium, IIT Delhi.

IIT Kharagpur






Impact of E-Resources of NDL India & N-LIST on Library and Information Services Rapid Changes in Library service by NDL India and N-LIST. The e-resources are

transforming the library system. It has made simple and quick purchase of e-information sources NDL India provide open access of various types e-resources to the different types of users. The library professionals need quick access to books, journals and electronic publications. Recent past resources are being made available Library in electronic form such as e-journals, e-

books, databases, etc. Libraries are converting from print to e-resources either subscribing individually or through consortia because of it advantages overprint resources. Recently show that users recent trend to e-resources than the print resources because e-resources are easy to handle, transferable, store, low cost, open access, less space, time save, etc.

Data Analysis We collected the data of 300 different types of users (including student, faculty) by

observation. Out of 300 users 280 students and 20 faculties were taken for observation.

Observations of different users about uses of NDL India & N-LIST.

The uses of NDL India & N-LIST before the awareness and after the awareness. Table

Before awareness programme 7 % users aware about NDL India and 5% about N-LIST. After awareness programme 100% users aware about NDL India and N-LIST. Before awareness programme 2 % user registered to NDL India and 2.33 % to N-LIST. After awareness programme 74.33 % user registered to NDL India and 69.33 % to N-LIST. Before awareness programme 2 % user registered to NDL India and 2.33 % to N-LIST. After awareness programme 68.33% user visited more than onetime to NDL India and 59 % to N-LIST. It is found that when user not aware about the NDL & N-LIST, there are few users use the NDL India and N-LIST therefore there is few respond for the use of NDL India and N-LIST. It is cleared that when they aware about the NDL & N-LIST, there are increased users and uses. Also receive the positive responses from the user.

Conclusion:- LIS and computer science professionals face challenges that will lead to improved systems. With globalization of education and competitive research the demand for the information has increased over the years. The implementation of NDL India and N-LIST is helpful to ensure exhaustive and pinpointed information. NDL India and N-LIST provides different types of search options to the library professional and the user. Using of NDL India

Uses

Before Awareness Programme

After Awareness Programme

NDL India N-LIST NDL India N-LIST

No. % No. % No. % No. %

User aware about NDL

21 7 15 5 300 100s 300 100

Registered User 6 2 7 2.33333 223 74.3333 208 69.3333

User visited more than one time

6 2 7 2.33333 205 68.3333 177 59






and N-LIST enable the library to save space of library and time of the users. Due to insufficient resources, libraries have been forced back to continue the scholarly research information, which have great impact to the users. To provide the current literature to user NDL India and N-LIST is the best option. Timely initiative of MHRD of India NDL India and N-LIST are big boons to academic circles in the country, which enables to access large number of scholarly resources from branded publishers.

When users are not aware about the NDL and N-LIST then few numbers of user used the NDL India and N-LIST. But when user get aware about the NDL India and N-LIST there will be continuously increase uses by user. That‘s why the better use of NDL India and N-LIST it is required to aware about them. So it is clear that the responsibility of Librarian to continuously arrange awareness programme on NDL India and N-LIST for the users.

References : 1. National Digital Library: Building a National Asset, YOJANA, Jan. 2016 2. National Digital Library: A Platform for Paradigm Shift in Education & Research in

India, Science and Culture, Jan.–Feb. 2016 (In Press) 3. http://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/ 4. http://www.ndlproject.iitkgp.ac.in/ndl/ 5. Sundararajan, N. and Nanda Gopal, V. B. (2016): Digitization of Higher Education in

India: Making the Dream a Reality, University News, 54 (15). 6. Association of Indian Universities. University News. Vol. 53 (37). 7. Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Press information

Bureau: Digital Library, 28 November 2016. 8. Abbas Khan, A. A., Minhaj F. & Ayesha, S. (2007), E-resources: E-books and Ejournals

.In E-Libraries: Problems and perspectives, Ed. by Ramiah, Sankara Reddyand Hemant Kumar. Allied, New Delhi.

9. Bhat, Ishwar. (2009). Increasing the Discovery and use of e-resources in University Libraries. 7th International CALIBER-2009.

http://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/

http://www.ndlproject.iitkgp.ac.in/ndl/






Impact of ICT on Developing Reading Styles and Habits Among School Students In Amravati Division

Mr. Rohidas B. Rathod Ph. D. Research Scholar, S. P. Pune University

E-mail:- [email protected]

Abstract:- The aim of the present study is to discuss the “Impact of ICT on Developing Reading

Styles and Habits among School Students in Amravati Division”.The study confirms that there is lot of impact of digital technology or ICT on reading habits. Users are switching to audio books and e-resources as it is easy while multitasking. But the demand of print books still strong and steady than E-books, because there are some users who like to read books and visit to libraries.

Keywords: - Reading Habits, Digital Library, Internet use, Media Habits, Reading Status etc.

Preamble:- Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the swift elaboration

technological fields in the global society. The rapid development in ICT has brought remarkable changes in the twenty-first century, as well as artificial the demands of modern societies. ICT is becoming increasingly important in our daily lives and in our educational system (Demirci, 2009).In this context, the study has been conducted to know the impact of ICT on the reading habits of students. Reading habit is an essential and important aspect for crating the literate society in this world.

The study- Reading is a process that involves recognizing words hence it started after the development of writing skill. Reading is the ability to induce meaning from written or printwords. Nowadays, the easy access to electronic media is a big challenge for reading habits. It gives an impact for everyone unexceptionally students. Certainly, students need technology in the form of internet to share, discuss, and process the information simultaneously. Their comfort of using technology e.g. smart phones or tab makes them prefer these devices than printed document (Shen, 2006). Impact of ICT on Reading:-

ICT involves the use of computer, Internet, and other tele ICT which have impacted greatly on student‘s attitude and reading habits (Bamidele, 2006). ICT in its different, ―shapes

and shades‖ is also expected to, massively, cut down the workload of teachers and students by making planning and resources available on the Internet (Samuel &Zaitun, 2007). However new media of ICT has been a threat to man‘s interest in reading. The radio, television, cell phone,

computer and the Internet have captured a big slice of time and reading has taken a back seat (Loan, 2009).

People nowadays tent to rely more on computer-based resources (such as writing emails, sending free e-cards, watching online videos, transmitting instant messages and photos by Yahoo or MSN Messengers exchanging information in online chat room or discussion area) than paper based resources (such as writing letters, sending cards and postcards, reading newspapers, magazines, novels and sending pictures by emails. Rapidly and continuously changing as new






technologies for information and communication repeatedly appear and new environments for exploring those technologies are continuously crafted by users. Does computer technology affected college students reading habits? Lyons (1999) claimed that the compute r revolution is unlikely to significantly affect reading habits in the perspective of history and current literacy trends. New media and online literacy belong to and affect people of all ages. Today computer technology is integrated into almost every aspect of learning in higher education textbooks arrive with CD-ROMs; homework is delivered and granted on the world-wide-web (www) and assignment are designed to be completed collaboration through electronic mail. Developing Reading Style:-

Reading is an invention that is only 6,000 years old. According to Aristotle (384-322 BC), ―Spoken words are the symbols of mental experience, and written words are the symbols of

spoken words. By 2900 BC in ancient Egypt, the papyrus plant was used. 1st Century AD, the Chinese began to use paper for writing and the 2nd Century BC, the ancient Greeks read from parchments made of animal skins and the 15th Century AD, and the printing press accelerated the production of reading material. In few years, handwritten scripts of 900 AD, the Gutenberg Bible of 1,500 AD, or the E-Book of 2,000 AD and the great reading opportunity of electronic text is that digital content can be read by a machine (Hellinga, 2009).In the future, the reading materials will include electronic data bases, optical high density disc storage of full text articles, digital image master etc. now multimedia technologies made possible to manipulate and integrate the data from large types of sources like audio/video, animation, graphics and text on a single hardware platform. This generation uses Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter, Instagram, Linkedin, Pinterest, Snapchat or MySpace to communicate and socialize with friends. They read materials on the Internet for school and for leisure, and they turn to the Internet for their information needs more often than traditional reference materials.Today, any teacher, librarian, parent, or child with computer access can easily browse and select books from a number of digital collections. Developing Reading Habits:-

Reading is one of the oldest habits of human civilization and possibly the only one without a worthy substitute. Reading has been passion of the greatest personalities of all times. Humans have been reading since ages and thus words of knowledge have been passed on through generations. Today, the emergence of the Internet has created an extraordinary change in all spheres of the society. People nowadays tend to rely more on electronic based resources than paper based resources. Reading in Changing Society:-

The changing state of reading and its fate in the digitalised world is one of the core issues in the contemporary debates about the future of culture. The central position of the printed word, and primarily, books as the most valuable cultural medium and the main source of knowledge, are becoming questioned in the age of the Internet. Reading as gateway to the world of fantasies has been challenged by powerful audio-visual media. Is the pleasure of reading as a creative process involving imagination and self-cognition disappearing, and being replaced by the quick exchange of impressions and images in social media? Reading Habits in Digital Era:

Particularly, the shift of paper-based reading to internet-based reading is related to students‘ preference and motivation. They can have easy access to the source of information if






they use digital resources. For example, as students, books are very important for them to have. However, today the way to get the information not only from printed version but ―it can be

through accessingelectronic books at which they can save and then it can be taken anywhere with ease (Akarsu&Dariyemez, 2014)‖. Developing Digital Libraries:-

What is new for digital collections is the diversity of materials that can be considered. Many public libraries have embraced the use of e-books and e-readers in their efforts to promote reading, keep up with client demands and address the specific needs of young readers. Academic libraries really led the way by embracing digital access to professional and academic articles and full-text e-books. While school libraries have been slow to respond to the pressure for an e-reading component in their programs, evidence is growing that more and more school libraries are field-testing the use of services where students and teachers can access e-books. Some are even adding e-readers to their collections and allowing students to borrow the e-reader and the books loaded on its hard drive.Librarians have always discussed methods of developing children‘s interest in reading, but they have focused more on the books being read than on the act of reading. Today‘s child is brought up in the omnipresence of technology. A child may be

exposed to digital technology even before he or she is exposed to books. One way that children learn is by observing their parents. Today‘s child may see his/her parents using computer

technology more often than reading books. For the development and operation of digital library, the technological environment is provided by the Internet and World Wide Web.Some of the basic requirements for a digital libraryare: computer, software, network, storage device, scanner, printer, audio-video, etc. For a digital library there are two types of resources: online resources including e-books, e-journals, e-articles, e-theses, e-projects, e-dissertations, electronic text, map, image, sound, video, and multimedia, etc. Local database of traditional books in machine readable form, LAN, MAN, WAN for web browsing, e-mail, etc. offline resources including CD-ROM, Audio-Video aids etc.

Methodology: For the study observation and interview method was adopted. School going students in

rural area of Vidharbha Region was considered for the present study. Current Status of Reading Habits:-

New forms of reading media have changed the way users use traditional libraries. New media includes e-books, various software applications, use of computer, mobile and other reading only devices like Kindle. These forms are easy to carry and can store several books while also having access to reading materials online. These forms of digital devices have been used by people all around the world and have helped in changing reading culture over the past few years. For a book in physical form to be read it had to be carried along which would also take some space. Now with the advent of digital products, users can search and get pin pointed information in one go. It is easy to search, highlight or save important points. This has attracted a lot of people to shift from traditional books to digital reading. Another aspect is social media which has drawn huge number of people to use its platforms and has become a new way for readers to spend time while connecting with people and organizations at distant places. It is cutting the time people






spend on reading. Also audio books are drawing a lot of attention and many users are switching to audiobooks because it is easy to listen while multitasking.

Meanwhile printed books are making a strong comeback as concerns about future of physical books were rising. E-book reader's number is slipping due to multiple reasons and demand for printed books is strong and steady. But increasing number of people today think that they need not visit a library or purchase a book to get knowledge as various other options are available today which can fulfil this demand. This is applicable for students too because except some students many students intend to do some study just for passing exams. So they don‘t visit

library and read a set of books on subject to gain knowledge but instead prefer notes. Even teachers don‘t want to thoroughly read and understand the subject in a deep manner. They prefer

to pass the time by reading literature that is just necessary to complete their respective lecture. This change in reading styles can be summarized in one phrase i.e. ―jack of all trades master of

none‖. So in order to get knowledge in the internet era one has to do a thorough reading of the

subject. This necessity has helped to contribute towards increasing number of libraries. General public still prefers to spend it‘s time for leisure reading and thus visit public libraries while

students of specialized fields increasingly prefer special library to quickly find and read literature on their particular subject interest. This is facilitating growth of libraries and reading material.

Conclusion:- The innovation of writing and printing has transformed the lives of people. Printing

created an appetite for new kinds of writing. As more and more people could now read, they wanted to see their own lives, experiences, emotions and relationships reflected in what they read. Besides, various forms of reading material followed by digital technology has changed the readers reading habit in many ways. Like an audio books has made reader a good listener. In all revolutionary changes, the habit of reading has not declined its importance in human life. It is still important to develop the understanding. It is one way the mind grows in its ability.

Reference:- Akarsu, O. &Dariyemez, T. (2014).The reading habits of university students studying

English language and literature in the digital age. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 10(2), 85-99. Retrieved on May 20, 2016 from: dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/jlls/article/download/.../5000078393

Demirci (2009). How do Teachers Approach New Technologies: Geography Teachers Attitudes towards Geographic Information Systems (GIS). European Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1.

F. A. Loan (200). Impact of new technology on reading habits: A glimpse on the world literature. Role of school libraries in Quality Education, New delhi: NCERT, pp.212-218.

Hellinga, L. (2009). The Gutenberg revolutions.In S. Eliot & J. Rose (Eds.), A companion to the history of the book (pp. 207-219). West Sussex, UK: Blackwell.

Lyons, M. (1999), the history of reading Gutenberg to Gates. European Legacy, 4(5), 50- 57. R. J. Samuel and Z. A. Bakar (2007). Do teachers have adequate ICT resources and the right

ICT skills in integrating ICT tools in the teaching and learning of English language in Malaysian schools?‖, The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 1-15.






S. O. Bamidele (2006). Development of modern ICT and internet system, in Agagu A. A. (ed), Information and Communication Technology and Computer Applications, Abuja, pam of pree, pp. 1-3.

Shen, L. (2006). Computer technology and college students‘ reading habits.Chia-nan Annual Bulletin, 32, 559-572. Retrieved on May 20, 2016 from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.526.1818&rep=rep1&type=pdf

T. Das, S. Ray and R. R. Puhan (2016).Current challenges and promotion of reading habits of adult neo-literates in tribal areas. SRJIS,3 (22), 1406-1416.






Implementation of Qr Code At Shankar Narayan College of Arts And Commerce, Bhaindar (E) Thane Library: A Case Study

Sandesh Madhaorao Dongare

Research Scholar Librarian

Shankar Narayan College of Arts and Commerce, Bhayandar (E), Dist.: Thane,(M.S.) India.

[email protected] 09833379730

Abstract :

Focusing on the impact of technology in library services and providing users with quick, attractive and friendly services, this paper highlights the use of QR code as an effective tool for library professionals. Changing the traditional and conventional methods of library services, QR code brings out the optimal use of the technology to its tech-savvy users. The paper focuses on the use and the benefits of QR code in the field of library services.

Keywords: Quick Response Code, Library Services, Two Dimensional Code, QR Code Reader, QR Code Generator.

Introduction: The advent of technology has changed the way the libraries are functioning and has

brought a revolution in the information and communication technology. The library professionals are a witness to the growing demand of electronic resources in today‘s digital world. QR code is

one such tool that has marked its importance in the library profession and one should understand the need and functioning of the QR code, and today‘s technological world where i-phones and smart –phones have become an inseparable part of our life.

A QR Code is a small square, often black-and-white, that one can notice more and more frequently on advertisements. It can contain some useful information for consumers. For example, it can redirect a user‘s smartphone to a web page in order to let him purchase the

advertised product. Or to let him download a coupon, or even make his smartphone add to its calendar the event pictured.

As per the educational institutes / organizations are concerned if the QR codes are generated for the Institutions / organizations‘ website, a smart phone user can directly have access to the

website or any of the specified field with the help of the URL link. Thus to maximize its implementation a QR Code campaign has to be structured and organized.

About QR Code: ‗QR‘ is a short form for ‗Quick Response‘. Quick Response (QR) Code is two

dimensional code developed by Denso Wave in 1994, and the most widely used in Japan. Basically this coding system is developed for tracking of shipping, but later on, it is used from industrial assembly lines to marketing and also installed on the label, exhibits, business cards, flyers and so on in the countries like Japan, Korea, middle-east. But, this technology goes viral when Western and European countries adopted it and started using in every sector like, news, media, public announcement, Government activities and so on. Likewise, libraries are also using






this technology so far in this present age to represent their websites, advertisement, seminars, workshops, meetings and mostly for URLs.

It is essential to know how QR codes can be useful to our users. It takes a piece of information from the media and can be taken in the cell phone and further have access to each and every details about the product or the services offered by a firm. The information encoded in a QR code can be a URL, a phone number, an SMS message, a V-card, or any text. They are referred to as QR because they allow the contents to be decoded at high speed. QR codes can hold much more information than a regular barcode.

In India they are generally viewed on online railway tickets, airline tickets, newspapers, magazines, posters, signboards, t-shirts, coffee-cups, labels and electronic devices. A quick response code is a two-dimensional machine readable square matrix optical label embedded with information which can be read by laser scanners or cameras on smart phones. The black and white squares can represent the numbers from 0 to 9, letters from A to Z, or characters in non-Latin scripts such as Japanese Kanji.

The Library of Shankar Narayan College of Arts and Commerce, Bhaindar (E) Thane at a glance:

The college library was established in the year 1994, with just 246 books only since then the never ending journey of its progress and development began and the college library started growing leaps and bounds. Library being the greatest asset of any institution, its mission is to provide comprehensive resources and services, to cater to the teaching and learning needs of the teaching fraternity and to satisfy the needs of the individual user as well. The library is fully automated with local commercial software ‗Libpro‘ along with barcode

technology since 2010. Online Public Access Catalogue(OPAC) made accession quick. Four high definition CCTV cameras are installed for better supervision and administration of the college library.

Implementation of QR Code in SNC, Library: The Library of Shankar Narayan College of Arts and Commerce, Bhayandar (E) Thane

had created QR Codes since 2016 for SNC Library Rules and Regulation, link of SNC, Library page of college website, QR Code URLs for Journal, Magazine and e- News Paper, Vcard that is Visiting card of librarian with image after scanning respective QR code user can avail the services. Library pasted QR Code at the prominent places of the library as well as the respective section and at the entrance of the library. QR Code for SNC Library Website:

Library had created QR Code that contains link of library website after scanning smart phone connect to the library website.






QR Code for URL SNC Library SNC Library website Library Rules and Regulation:

Library had created QR Code that contains link of library Rules and Regulation after scanning smart phone connect to the library Rules and Regulation user can immediate access the same and read anywhere.

SNC Library Rules & Regulations QR Code URL for Journal ,Magazine and e-News Paper :

Library had subscribed journals, Magazines and Newspapers. Library generated QR code of the Journals , Magazines and newspapers and it is pasted at the prominent places of the library as well as the respective section of the library. After scanning the QR Code user can immediate retrieved the same and read anywhere with their mobile.

QR Code URL for News Paper

Visiting Card: Librarian generated QR code with image and print on visiting card. After scanning the

QR code the information behind it appears of the librarian is name, designation, name of the college, mobile number, email ID and college website.






Colour QR Code Vcard of Librarian, SNC. Vcard of Librarian, SNC with Image

Global Scenario of QR Code used in Libraries: Lawrence University Seeley G. Mudd Library has created a QR code information page to

help their patrons understand QR codes, to library virtual tour, to electronic music resources, to mobile web site, to begin text messages to the interlibrary loan office, and more. Boise State University's Albertsons Library uses QR codes to link to its mobile website in its blog and main Twitter page. There is also an informative research guide about QR codes--what they are, how they are being used in Albertsons Library, tips on creating effective codes, and recommended QR code readers/scanners. Brigham Young University's Harold B. Lee Library uses QR codes for its library audio tour, for Group Study Room on-the-spot reservations and for event poster information download. Half Hollow Hills Community Library uses data matrix codes on end stacks to lead patrons to subject guides on the web. Bath University Library is adding QR codes to catalogue records to offer patrons basic info about an item (including location and call number).

Indian Scenario of QR Code Used in Libraries: The central library, NIT, Rourkela QR Code being used in the library from 2014. The

library using QR code for banner of workshop, training, seminar, conference, induction programmes; advertisement; notice websites; URLs.

PUMBA (Pune University Department of MBA) Library has paste QR code on print journals after scanning code user would be taken instantly to the same journals website were users can view past issue in full text. Pune University has its own song called ‗Vidyapeeth Geet‘

in Marathi and it displayed with frame in front of the gate of every department of university. PUMBA Library has produced QR Code with YouTube link & paste on frame of university song. After scanning code users can see video of University song.

The Knowledge Resource and Relay Centre Library of Anjuman-i-Islam‘s Kalsekar

Technical Campus, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai uses QR codes to enhance the library experience of the students by providing interactivity and flexibility. Library had created QR Codes for Wi-Fi Network, WebOPAC, New Arrivals‘ of Books, Question paper available at the link of

Institutional repository of the same college. Online Journal, online databases, Web Supplements after scanning respective QR code user can avail the services.

The Library of Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Bhopal had created QR Code for the IISER, Bhopal library home page, ask a Librarian, book Display, Bookshelves arrangement, Special collection, Social blog of library and for Book after scanning respective QR Code user avail the service.

QR codes used in Libraries : The library at our college always believes in experimenting new things and thus

providing its users the best of services keeping their interest at forefront. The ultimate goal, being that maximum students should be benefitted with the services provided and thus to disseminate the information to them in the best possible way. Various services can be provided to the users through the QR code link

i. The user can access the library orientation using the QR code link. ii. Information about the ‗New Additions‘ of books with abstract.






iii. Access Web OPAC through the QR code link. iv. Access to library map & stack guide through the QR code link. v. Access to library website through the QR code link

vi. Access to library Rules and Regulation through the QR code link. vii. Through the QR code link, the library can provide its users access to various important

websites. viii. Access to College Newsletter and College Magazine.

ix. Access for e-newspapers, e-magazines and e-Journals. x. Link for Audio/Video tutorials.

How QR code is generated : Creating a single QR code is a simple process. There are many free QR code generators

and readers available. Creating a code is as simple as choosing a content type, adding your URL or other data, and clicking the ―generate‖ button. The QR code is immediately created and can be

copied, saved, or embedded. An easy-to-use Google Chrome QR code extension allows one to create a QR code while visiting any URL in one easy click. A QR code is instantly generated and pops down from the corner of the browser‘s address bar, with an option to save to disk or share

on Facebook. One can also use the Open Source code to generate codes, provided one has a smart developer on hand. Some websites for generating QR Code are as follows: www.qr-codegenerator.com goqr.me/ www.qrstuff.com www.the-qrcode-generatoe.com www.unitag.io/qrcode https://qrcode.kaywa.com www.qrcode-monkey.com

QR Code Generate QR Code Read QR Code Setting

Conclusion: In today‘s technological and digital world, to implement the use of an effective tool as

QR code can prove to be a very valuable and friendly means of communication with its users. With QR code as its platform, the library can provide its services in optimal way to its tech-friendly users and the ones who benefit more by online reading, thus promoting the library in an innovative way.

http://www.qr-codegenerator.com/

http://www.qrstuff.com/

http://www.the-qrcode-generatoe.com/

http://www.unitag.io/qrcode

https://qrcode.kaywa.com/

http://www.qrcode-monkey.com/






References: Ansari, Shaheen (2013)., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301557209_ QR_Quick_Response_Codes_Application_in_ Academic_Libraries_Case_study_of_KRRC_Central_Library Retrieved December 23, 2018.

Dongare, Sandesh (2016). QR Code a Tool for Library. Indian Streams of Research Journal (Special issue on Library and Information Science), 267-270.

Mishra, Ajay, Umre, Sachin, & Gupta, Pavan (2017). QR Code in Library practice some examples. International journal of Engeering science & Research, 319-326.

Pawar, S. (2014). QRCode:A tool for library professionals. Evolving Library as Learning Resource Centre:Challenges & New Horizones (pp. 15-19). New pancel: CKT College.

Rahaman, W. (2016). Enhancing library services using barcode, QR Code & RFID Technology: A case study of central library National Institute of Technology,Rourkela. International Journal of Digital Library services , 6 (3), 39-50.

Taware, S. &. (2016). QR Code and Libraries. National Conference on Librarianship in 21st Century:Challenges & Prospects (pp. 201-205). Kandivali: Thakur College of Engineering & Technology. Walsh, Andrew (2009). Quick Response Codes and libraries. Library hi Tech News, 7-9. "http://crln.acrl.org/content/71/10/526.full" Retrieved on 25/10/2016. "https://docs.unitag.io/white_book/Ten_Commandments_of_QR_Codes.pdf.%20Accessed"

Retrieved on 26/10/2016.

"http://searchengineland.com/what-is-a-qr-code-and-why-do-you-need-one-

27588.%20Accessed%20on%2025/10/2016" Retrieved on 25/10/2016 . History of QR Code is available on "https://www.qrcode.com/en/history/" Retrieved on

27/12/2018 "https://www.denso-wave.com/en/system/qr/fundamental/qrcode/qrc/index.html

%20accessed%20on%2004/01/2019






Open Source Software: Library Automation At Free Of Cost

Vikas T. Adlok Librarian,

Late Dattatraya Pusadkar Arts College, Nandgaon Peth, Tq. Dist. Amravati. e-mail : [email protected]

Abstract :

Open source software is, software that users have the ability to run, copy, distribute, study, change, share and improve for any purpose. Open source library software‟s does not need the initial cost of commercial software and enables libraries to have greater control over their working environment. Library professionals should be aware of the advantages of open source software and should involve in their development. They should have basic knowledge about the selection, installation and maintenance. Open source software requires a greater degree of computing responsibility than commercial software. Library professionals should think seriously about the advantages of open source software for automation. They are hesitating to use it. They think that they do not have the expertise to support open source software. Paper highlights major open source library software.

Keywords: Open Source Software, Library technology, Information Technology.

Introduction: Different experts have different ideas about what exactly qualifies as ―open-source‖

software. In general, the term refers to any program with a licensing agreement that allows you to view and modify the source code, which is a series of high-level, human-readable instructions that defines a particular program and tells the computer what to do. Under an open-source license, if you choose to distribute your modifications of someone else‘s software, you have to

do so under the same terms. Simply put, other developers can view and modify your source code, just as you could view the original code.

For many libraries, organizing their books and other media can be daunting task, especially as the library grows with more material. Years age we had crude card catalogue systems (remember the Dewey Decimal System) that kept things organized, but were difficult to maintain. With today‘s computing technology, organizing our libraries has never been easier or

more efficient. Gone is the card catalogue and in some libraries, it‘s much easier to locate a book

through and internet connection and picking it up upon your arrival, rather then wasting the time scouring the aisles looking for your next read. Now just because the world has been blessed with wonderful software solutions that make everything easier to do, doesn‘t mean that every library

in the universe is using these solutions. Many Libraries do not have huge amounts of money to burn, and any that they do get usually goes to purchasing additional resources.

Because of this need for software (and the installation and training costs associated with any), and the lack of money available to spend on it, many libraries are left to fend for themselves when it comes to staying up to date with the latest technology. Unless, of course, they embrace the open source movement and use some of the countless software solutions available to help out. Most software that we all use everyday is known as "proprietary", which in a nutshell means that it costs money and that the actual code of the software is restricted, in that the code of the software cannot be modified, copied, or changed from its original construction.






The code is "unreadable" and pretty much is what it is. Open source software, on the other hand, is quite the opposite. The open source mentality revolves around sharing and collaboration, and these two important elements describe open source software perfectly. First and foremost, open source software is free for anyone to have; more importantly, not only is the software free, but it is also free for anyone to copy, hack, modify, etc. This increases the possibilities of a software program's potential because of this free-thinking model. Many large groups of programmers have customized basic open source programs into whatever they deemed necessary, and have in turn given these modifications back to the open source community for free where others can continue to build on their work. There are many different kinds of open source software solutions out there today that could be embraced by the library. There's basic operating system, document processing programs, Library Management Software (LMS) and Digital Library software.

Why Use Open-Source Software in Your Library? It‟s free. If your library is on a tight budget, a no-cost solution has to be tempting. However,

nothing in life is entirely free. As we‘ll discuss in more detail, all software, as well as all

hardware, has a total cost of ownership. You and your staff will spend time learning the open-source software, installing it, customizing it and maintaining it.

It‟s customizable. There are no restrictions about what you can do with open-source software. If you need some functionality that isn‘t currently part of the program, you can hire

someone to develop that function or write the code yourself. You have to release your improvements to the wider community, but that‘s not a problem for libraries, since we‘re not

in the business of selling software. Moreover, the open-source community might latch on to one of your improvements and develop it further.

You are vendor-independent. With proprietary software, you‘re usually dependent on a

single software vendor. If you need some specific, added functionality for a core piece of software, such as your ILS, you have to ask the vendor and pay their prices. If the vendor is too busy to address your request, all you can do is wait. With open-source software, you can often choose from thousands of developers for well-known programs. For more obscure products, you may have fewer choices, but you‘re never completely trapped. Moreover, with

open-source software, you‘re less likely to face the ―we no longer support this product‖

scenario. When proprietary software vendors upgrade a program, change strategy or go out of business, they often abandon older software, forcing their customers to migrate and/or choose another vendor. This is less likely to happen with open-source software. If one open-source company stops developing certain software, customers can take over maintenance of the software themselves or hire a new company to do it.

There‟s security and reliability. Windows advocates and open-source advocates can argue for days about this topic, but Linux/Unix lovers suggest that their favorite tools are lower-priority targets for hackers. They also point out that ―with a million eyeballs, all bugs are

shallow.‖ In other words, bugs and security holes are found and patched quickly because so

many developers have access to open-source code.

Brief History of Open Source Software : When IBM and others sold the first large-scale commercial computers, in the year 1960s,

they came with some software which was free (libre), in the sense that it could be freely shared among users, it came with source code, and it could be improved and modified. The history of






open source initiated by Open Source Initiative (OSI) begins with evolution of UNIX. Author states, in 1969, there was a creation of UNIX in AT & T Bell Labs and development of ARPANET. In the year 1973, the time was for growth and popularity of UNIX and AT & T was prohibited by law to start any other business than telephone, and hence AT & T started licensing without UNIX without support. In 1974-1975 user groups were starting to grow wherever UNIX introduced to share ideas, information, programmes, bug fixes and hardware fixes. In 1983 there was a development of ARPANET into what is today known as internet. In 1985, Richard Stallman, a programmer at the MIT AI Lab, starts free software foundation in response to trends in software world towards propriety software packages and non-access to source code. Start to design on new operating system called GNU, (General Public License) developed to allow individuals to incorporate their own rights in ―free Software‖. During the 1980s and early 1990s, open source software continued its development, initially in several relatively isolated groups. USENET and the internet helped to coordinate transnational efforts, and to build up strong user communities. Slowly, much of the software already developed was integrated, merging the work of many of these groups. As a result of this integration, complete environments could be built on top of UNIX using open source software. In many cases, system admins even replaced the standard tools with GNU programs. At that time, many applications were already the best ones in their field (UNIX utilities, compilers, etc.). In 1990 most components of GNU complete except for Krnal. In 1991 Linus Torvalds, student in Finland developed the Unix- Compatible Kernal called Linux under the GPL, releasing the source code freely and later compatible with GNU with Linux to create operating system. In 1994, Linux is first distributed by Torvalds led to an explosion of new Linux based open source operating system. In 1998, the free software idea did not immediately become main stream and hackers Bruce Perens and Eric Raymond agreed that the problem lay in the term free.

Advantages of Open Source Software: The availability of the source code and the right to modify, it is very important to enable us

to improve and extend the lifetime of a software product. Source code availability also makes it much easier to identify errors, and to fix them.

The right to redistribute modifications and improvements to the code, and to reuse other open source code, permits all the advantages due to the modifiability of the software to be shared by large communities.

For continuous improvement does not require users to pay for it. There is no single entity on which the future of the software depends. This is a very common concern with proprietary software.

There are fewer conflicting priorities due to marketing pressures. Usually open source software is delivered ``when it is ready'', and when the development team feels that its quality is good enough. This means that software usually does not need as many ``service packs'', updates as such thereby reducing the maintenance cost.

It provides a new forum for democratic action, collaboration, mutual benefit without geographical or any other barrier/bias.

It forces commercial software vendors to keep their product price at a reasonable level.






Limitations of Open Source Software : For any upgradation/change in the OSS, the library needs support. In case of OSS, there

is no body to solve problem, either one has to hire some expert to solve the problem or library should make arrangement with some company. Open source products require technical expertise to operate and maintain open source costs more to support because the software is typically self- supporting. Generally, a commercial software company will immediately respond on customer requests for any problem. With OSS, if one doesn't do it himself, he/she is at the mercy of a disjoint community of developers.

Open Source Software for Libraries: 1) Koha: Integrated Library System :

Koha is a promising full featured open source ILS (integrated library system) currently being used by libraries all over the world. For those of you out there unfamiliar of what an ILS is, well, it is a system of keeping track of the operations of a library - payroll, expenses, purchases, and most importantly, keeping track of the various media being checked out by the librarians patrons. Many smaller libraries cannot afford to purchase, install, and maintain an ILS, and Koha is a perfect alternative. Koha is built using library ILS standards and uses the OPAC (open public access catalog) interface. In addition, Koha has no vendor-lock in, so libraries can receive tech support from any party they choose. Features : Simple, clear interface for librarians and members. Various Web 2.0 facilities like tagging and RSS feeds. Union catalog facility. Customizable search. Circulation and borrower management. Full acquisitions system including budgets and pricing information (including supplier and

currency conversion). Simple acquisitions system for the smaller library. Ability to cope with any number of branches, patrons, patron categories, item categories,

items, currencies and other data. Serials system for magazines or newspapers. Reading lists for members.

2) NewGenLib NewGenLib (New Generation Library) is an Integrated Library Automation and

Networking Solution Developed by Verus Solutions Pvt Ltd and The Kesavan Institute of Information and Knowledge Management, India. In March 2005, NewGenLib version 1.0 was released and versions 2.0 and 2.1 came up later. On 9th January 2008, NewGenLib has been declared Open Source Software under GNU GPL Licence by the Verus Solutions Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, India. Currently, NewGenLib 3.0.4 is the latest running version. It is estimated that 2,500 libraries across 58 countries are using NewGenLib as their Primary integrated library management system. Features : Functional modules are completely web based. Uses Java Web Start™ Technology. Compatibility - Complies with international metadata and interoperability standards: MARC-

21, MARC-XML, z39.50, SRU/W, OAI-PMH.






Uses chiefly open source components.

Scalable, manageable and efficient. OS independent - Windows and Linux flavours available. z39.50 Client for federated searching.

Internationalized application (I18N). Unicode 4.0 complaint easily extensible to support other languages.

Data entry, storage, retrieval in any (Unicode 3.0) language. RFID integration. Networking – Hierarchical and Distributed networks.

Automated email/instant messaging integrated into different functions of the software. Form letters are configurable and use XML-based OpenOffice templates.

Extensive use of set up parameters enabling easy configuration of the software to suit specific needs, e.g., in defining patron privileges.

Supports multi-user and multiple security levels.

Allows digital attachments to metadata.

3) Evergreen Evergreen ILS is another option when researching open source ILS options. Developed

by Equinox Software, Evergreen is a robust, enterprise level ILS solution developed to be capable of supporting the workload of large libraries in a fault-tolerant system. It too is standards compliant and uses the OPAC interface, and offers many features including flexible administration, work-flow customization, adaptable programming interfaces, and because its open source, cannot be locked away and can benefit from any community contributions.

Features : Circulation: for staff to check items in and out to patrons Cataloging: to add items to the library's collection and input information, classifying and

indexing those items. Online public access catalog (OPAC): a public catalog, or discovery interface, for patrons to

find and request books, view their account information, and save book information in Evergreen "bookbags." The OPAC received a makeover in early 2009 with the new, optional skin, Craftsman.

Acquisitions: for staff to keep track of those materials purchased; invoices, purchase orders, selection lists, etc.

Statistical Reporting: flexible, powerful reporting for retrieval of any statistical information stored in the database.

Support for interaction with computer management software, self-check machines, and other applications.

Search/Retrieve via URLand Z39.50 servers.

4) Senayan Senayan is an open source Library Management System. It is build on Open source

technology like PHP and MySQL. Senayan provides many features such as Bibliography database, Circulation, Membership and many more that will help "automating" library tasks. As a complete Library Managements System, SENAYAN has many features that will help library and librarian to do their job done easily and quickly.






Features: Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) with thumbnail document image support (can be use

for book cover), Simple Search and Advanced Search mode Documents record detail in XMLformat Bibliographic/catalog database management with book cover image support

Document items database management Master Files management to manages document referential data such as GMD, Collection Types, Publishers, Authors, Locations, Authors and Suppliers

Circulation support with sub-features : Loan and Return transaction, Collections reservation, Quick return, Configurable and flexible Loan Rules, Membership management, Stock Taking module to help Stock-taking process in library, Reporting and Statistics.

5) Abcd ABCD (Automation of Libraries and Documentation Centers) is a full integrated library

automation system based on ISIS-technology as the underlying database. It encompasses all main functions of ILS: cataloging, OPAC, Loans, Acquisitions, Statistics, but adds a 'Site' (with CMS builtin) for easy production of a library website with integrated meta-search. As a special feature it is to be mentioned that ABCD allows creation by system managers but using the ABCD-interface itself to create any bibliographic structure along with the pre-defined ones (MARC21, UNIMARC, CEPAL). This makes the system very flexible and versatile for use in documentation centers with non-standard database-structures or for non-bibliographical applications such as events or experts databases. Both the standard loans-module and the 'Advanced Loans' module (which adds external links with SQLdatabases) can deal with several catalogs and catalog-structures. In an upcoming version 2.0 of ABCD also a 'digital library' feature will be included, offering possibilities to build collections of documents (PDF, DOC...) with full-text indexing. Features : The software is fully web-based, so can be used and managed from any current web-browser.

All main functions of the library management are integrated using the same interface and databases.

Bibliographic records can be imported from external library catalogs / servers through Z39.50 facilities.

Full MARC 21 compatibility with fields, indicators, and subfields defined by Library of Congress.

OPAC with simple Google-like search as well as advanced search with Boolean operators, truncation, and field-limitation for all kind of databases, locally created or external.

Access to both physical and electronic documents (local or on the internet) with the same interface.

Library staff can define, copy or edit any new database structure with existing ISIS-applications such as MARC, CEPAL, UNIMARC, and Dublin Core.

Available in many languages like English, French, Spanish, Portuguese while more language versions are on the way.

Import and export data in ISO-2709 format or text-format.






Contents and bibliographic resources, both local and external, can be added easily without HTML-programming.

The basic loan module offers detailed definition of objects and users categories and policies for each combination, fine calculation and calendar definitions, etc., while the advanced module adds reserve, ―my library‖ page, multiple loan policy definitions, and access to external SQL-based user-data.

Excellent serials management with a fully implementation of the ISSN standard and union catalog function.

Statistical report generation with graphical presentation of any defined set of variables in the databases.

Freedom of database structure. ISIS records carry their individual structural description as a ―header‖ within themselves, unlike that in relational table-based databases where all records in the same table share the same structure by necessity. Therefore, each record can have its own different structure. In fact for most record-related operations in ISIS, there is no need to formally describe the structure. So one could consider ISIS as using ―scheme-less‖ records.

As a consequence of this, ISIS accepts any structure and includes structure-definition tools, and so does ABCD.

6) BiblioteQ BiblioteQ strives to be a professional cataloging and library management suite, utilizing a

Qt 4.x interface and providing connectivity to PostgreSQL and SQLite. The Z39.50 protocol is used for retrieving data for books, journals, and magazines. The software is available for all major operating systems and should be compatible with any system that supports Qt. Features: Administrator roles. Cataloging of books, DVDs, journals, magazines, music CDs, and video games. Cover images with drag and drop support.

Customizable displays. Customizable item data, pricing information, and currencies.

Embedded hyperlinks for localized searches of similar items. Exporting of views to CSVfiles.

Free and Open Source technology. Front cover image retrieval via Amazon. Internationalization (translation) support. BiblioteQ currently supports the Czech, Dutch,

English, German, and Greek languages. Item reservation histories for patrons. Item reservation.

Listings of overdue items, requested items, and reserved items. Patron information. PostgreSQLaccounts with various privileges.

Print support. Rich search capabilities, including custom SQL queries. Support for multiple Z39.50 sites.

Support for requesting unavailable items.






Threaded data retrieval via the standard Z39.50 protocol for books, journals, and magazines.

Transactional database queries. True PostgreSQLand SQLite pagination. Uniform functionality across various platforms.

Scope for further study : We discussed above are the Library Management Software. Some are the Open Source

Digital Library Software Viz. Greenstone, DSpace, EPrints, Fedora, etc. Other Open Source Software useful for library documentation viz. Wordpress, Drupal, Ubuntu, Open Office, Firefox, Thunderbird, GIMPshop, NVU, PDF Creator, etc. One can take this topics for further study.

Conclusion : The Library & Information Science (LIS) professionals should keep eyes on development

in order to choose appropriate technology depending upon Institution's needs. Since, numbers of libraries worldwide are using OSS for managing their library systems more economically and effectively. Librarians and programmers should worked together in order to implement open source integrated library systems and at the same time, library professional are also required to acquire new skills for developing and managing the library by using open source LMS. For taking benefit from OSS additional technology, education, and training of the professionals is essentially required. In addition, this free software is constantly being updated, changed, and customized to meet the library's needs. While all of this is fine and dandy, and sounds like the win-win solution for your library, there are still pitfalls and hurdles we'll need to overcome. Hopefully this article provides some introductory information as to how to wean your library off of traditional computing products and dive into the pool of open source resources available today. References :

1. http://eprints.rclis.org/13172/1/Open_Source_Software_and_Libraries.pdf 2. http://www.techsoupforlibraries.org/planning-for-success/innovation/free-and-open-

source-software-in-libraries 3. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/110670/9/09_chapter%203.pdf 4. http://eprints.rclis.org/19923/1/Open%20Source%20Library%20Management%20Softwa

res.pdf 5. Dhamdhere, Sangeeta Namdev. (2011). ABCD, an open source software for modern

libraries. Chinese Librarianship: an International Electronic Journal, 32. URL: http://www.iclc.us/cliej/cl32dhamdhere.pdf

6. http://eprints.rclis.org/29081/1/ILA%202016_Gireesh%20Kumar.pdf. 7. Gireesh Kumar, T K. Embracing Open Source Software for Library Automation: A

Feasibility Study Based on Selected Libraries in South India., 2016 . In 61st ILA International Conference on Sustaining the Excellence: Transforming Libraries through Technology, Innovation and Value added Services in Google Era, 2016, Saurashtra University Library, Saurashtra University, Rajkot – 360005, March 12-15, 2016. [Conference paper]. Webstie : http://eprints.rclis.org

http://eprints.rclis.org/29081/







8. Umaiyorubagam, R. and JohnAnish, R and Jeyapragash, B E-GRANTHALAYA: LIBRARY INFORMATION SCIENCE OPEN SOURCE AUTOMATION SOFTWARE: AN OVERVIEW., 2015 . In EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN LIBRARY SERVICES: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES, Thiruchirappali,Tamilnadu, 14/02/2015. [Conference paper] Webstie : http://eprints.rclis.org

9. Barik, Nilaranjan and Singh, Rekha . IS OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AN IMPENDING THREAT TO CUSTOMIZE SOFTWARE IN THE FIELD OF LIBRARY AUTOMATION?, 2015 In: Transformation of Knowledge Resource Centers in Collaborative Era (vol.II). AGRI-BIO VET PRESS, pp. 552-564. [Book chapter] Webstie : http://eprints.rclis.org

10. Frigimelica, Giovanna and Marchitelli, Andrea . Library automation and Open source software in Italy: an overview., 2010 In: Systemic Shifts: An Overview of the Changing Role of the Systems Librarian. UNSPECIFIED. [Book chapter] Webstie : http://eprints.rclis.org













Impact of ICT And Necessity of Information Literacy For Academic Libraries

Dr. Atul D. Wankhade Librarian, Mahatma jyotiba fule

Mahavidyalaya, Amaravati Email: [email protected]

Introduction:

In the age of Information Technology the most of the libraries have adapted. Information technology based technologies in order to modernize their libraries. So many concepts such as multimedia library, virtual library, and digital library have been introduced after a long and constant research. The libraries which have adopted the recent and advanced technologies book are also in existence together with electronic literature. Those libraries are named as ―Hybrid

Library‖. Due to impact of information communication technology, the nature of University

library and college libraries is changing day by day. Traditional, Digital library collection is being converted in electronic collection. However it is impossible to convert our total library collection into electronic media, digital media. By using internet e-literature can easily access the electronic information available at global level in each and every field of knowledge.

ICT in Academic Libraries: The main aim of the library and information center is to provide latest and relevant

information to the uses. Technological innovation has dramatically increased the rate of conversion of knowledge, Information and data into electronic format. Developments such as the World Wide Web combine friendliness of user interface with enormously powerful information retrieval capability. The emergence of internet has changed the role of libraries. It reduces the routine work of the library in retrieving and disseminating the information. New information services such as home page linked to a collection of electronic texts, databases and other internet resources. Advance technology has replaced the traditional library environment to automated library environment.

Collection of Development Acquisition Cataloguing

Technical Processing Information Processing

Circulation Serial control

Storage and retrieval of information Creation of Databases Resource Sharing

User Education Electronic Resources

E-Books Open Access Journals







Online database searching facilities

Current awareness Services Selective dissemination of information

Use of ICT in Library Services: During the recent years the library and information centers have become more active to

computerize their operations and services. Library renders more active to computerize their operations and services. Libraries, renders several information services to meet the different need of their patrons in order to save their time due to information explosion, developments of new disciplines, increasing user expectation and demands. The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) for quality and excellence in higher education has circulated the guidelines to university and college libraries for expanding the scope of ICT in library Services. They are as follows:

Develop library website Library homepage for information dissemination Access to e-resource

Campus-Wide LAN facility Broadband internet center

Web OPAC Electronic surveillance system CCTV

Information Explosion and need for Information Literacy: According to Jetty, Hopkinson & Vyas(2010) Information Literacy is the skill that is

widely relevant and expand beyond the walls of classrooms into the world of social responsibility. Information revolution and the consistence explosive growth of knowledge have affected all aspects of life. Individuals were suddenly faced with myriad choice of information in both print as well as students to handle the information available in different type of formats. Collection development, organization and dissemination of knowledge or mere library orientation and bibliographic instructions are not enough but it has become responsibility of the library or information professionals to inculcate the information skills among the students and to train them in identifying, selecting, locating, retrieving, evaluating and presenting relevant information. The electronic media do not have assurance for quality, authenticity, validity and reliability, The process of reviewing, editing and publishing which is inherent part is of print media is somehow missing in electronic media specially the material published on internet cannot be guaranteed. Hence this pressing need of information skills force the academic libraries and the librarians to give serious thought to information literacy as students cannot acquire these information skills at their own.

User Education and Information Literacy: Information literacy services and instructions are now becoming essential components of

academic libraries. Students do not make effective use of the library resources at their own. The lack of success can be attributed to the fact that students limited knowledge and restricted access to the library resources. Due to legacy of inadequate schooling, lack of exposure to the school and public libraries and limited access to the resources, the majority of students deprived of even the basic library and information skills without which students find it difficult to cope






successfully with their academic goals. Considering these facts librarians are imparting user education programs for the students since long but the introduction to the library by a single visit or single orientation lecture is not sufficient to give them confidence to handle the information environment which is too complex and changing too rapidly. More focus should be given on information retrieval skills, Critical thinking, data driven decision making and analytical problem solving skills. Information Literacy is a set of learning skills which enable a lifelong learner to effectively cope with massive amount of information, from a verity of media formats, such as books, journals, magazines, newspapers, audiovisual resources, database and internet. It is common to all learning environments, especially lifelong learning environment where learners become more self-directed, and assume greater control over their own learning.

Conclusion: The emergence of information literacy has great impact on the academic librarianship.

The success of information literacy initiatives is largely depending on the commitment of the academic librarian. This new complex role of librarian demand sound knowledge advanced teaching skills and ability to develop, deliver and facilitate effective learning experience. As information literacy is becoming an integral part of the modern education system the librarians should prepared to face the challenges and redesign their role. References:

1. American Library Association. Association of College and Research Libraries, 2000. Information Literacy Competency Standard for Higher Education, Chicago: ALA. Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompentency.cfm#ildef (Accessed June 15, 2012)

2. Bellardo, T. 1985: What do we really know about online searches?: Online Review, (3)223-239.

3. Amjad, Ali (2004), Information Technology and Libraries. New Delhi, ESS Publication, PP. 10-11

4. Galhotra, M.K.(2008). Inforamtion Technology in Library and Information Services. New Delhi, ESS publication, PP. 5-23.

5. Grafstein, Ann. (2002). A Discipline-based approach to information literacy. Journal of academic librarianship, 28(4): 197-205

http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompentency.cfm#ildef

http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/standards/informationliteracycompentency.cfm#ildef






Uses of Digitazation Transformation of Educational Library And It‟s

Resources

Niranjan Bhaurao Meshram Email – [email protected]

Abstract: Digital libraries are an effective tool for reaching educational institutions, and to others. Critical changes have been made in the role of libraries due to the rapid change in information technology .Under the modern library, the need of the hour is to prepare a change in the role of library consumer and user. Recognizing these changing needs, the libraries and information organizations are reinterpreting services and products and creating quality in the service.

Introduction: Due to digital technologies and the Internet, traditional library is being developed and converted into digital library. There are many factors that have contributed to this change. The limit of the resources available on demand of information, the difficulties in finding information in the traditional library, with the low cost of technology. The space required for the construction of the library and the needs of the new generation are one of the most important issues in the traditional,wereas Digital technology, an Internet connection, and physical content were set up and it was adapted into the Digital Library. Many digital libraries have started in India and the digitization programs have started nationwide, most of which have been launched by the government of digital libraries.

Concept of digital libraries: Many initiatives have been started in India. In the decade of 1990, information technology started to spread. The Internet connection was established with government support, The concept of Grathalaya started. The Digital libraries in India are still in a developing state. The ability to facilitate the process of obtaining information and knowledge is available in the local language .Digital Structure is used to provide space and time to the users and materials can be obtained with the help of computability. The material can be stored in a local space or at a distant center.

Why Transformation? In the era of Information explosion the librarians have to change their mind and update themselves with latest ICT equipments and applications. They can cope up with the fast growing world since during last decade more and more information is available in e-forms instead of hard copy. Due to digital library environment the information system is going to be advance and different search techniques are used to access the information from the warehouses which directly affect the collection management Information, staking and information retrieval which are the major areas of library profession. A Librarian profession has long been seen as one that entails arranging books but in the current era which is considered to be a digital era, Library professionals have adapted to the changing times thus demystifying the earlier notion.






Library Digitization - Some Initiatives: Digital Library of India (D. L. I) The Digital Library of India is a collection of rare books from various texts in India . At the beginning of the year 2000, the Government of India started the D.L.I Programme .The material created by the human beings is to maintain the artistic work to make it available for the next generation..More than ten million books in Indian language are available. The collection is available free of cost for reading .It was started by the Government of India and the Ministry of InformationTechnplogy.The DLI programme is managed by the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, and funded by Government of India. Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET): Information and Library Network is an autonomous inter university station of the University Grants Commission (U.G.C). Started this major national project in March 1991 .The main office of this project is in the premises of the Gujarat University in Ahmadabad .The project will be started at Iucaa (Inter University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics) I .U C.A.A. was started by this organization. After this, in June 1996 it was converted into a separate faculty inter university center. Influencing the Library of the University.Inflibnet makes it a center of work .It is the only one that connects with fast accessibility data to libraries and information centers all over the country .Use of the latest technology made maximum use of information.This acts as a bridge between educators and researchers. Shodhganga – Collection of Indian Thesis: According to the notification issued by UGC on 1 st June 2009, (M.Phil and PhD Degree Minimum Ratios and Process Control, 2009) researchers in the university must submit their research reports in electronic form when presenting the thesis .All the educational community around the world should have free access to read the research materials.This is the purpose the way INFLIBNET has created. This Indian electronics database of thesis and its dense stock, which has been named as 'Shodhganga‘. Shodhgangotri - Indian Research on Progress Path: The new search engine is the starting point for the 'shodhgangotri' project. Shodhganga is the stock of the total thesis presented by the researchers. The researcher summarizes the topic of his research while registering for a PhD program at the University. which is a 'treasure hunter'.The researcher has requested to submit the research subject to the electronic form such reserves are very useful to select the research topic and can help to avoid the repeatation of the subject. N-LIST: N-LIST National Library for Information Services Infrastructure For Scholarly Content National Library for Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content (N-LIST) This project is implemented jointly by UGC-Infonet Digital library consortium, Inflibnet Center and Indest AICTE consortium, IIT Delhi. Its functions are as follows:

1. Making information available to the University registered at INDEST-AICTE Consortia and to provide electronic formatting information for the technical institution available in UGC-INFONET.

2. Making available elective electronic information to the colleges is done by the N-LIST project to make information available to researchers, students and college professors, and






other organizations in electronic form. The NLIST provides information that is required by the server installed in the INFLIBNET Center. After enrolling by a college student, the direct access can be made through the INFLIBNET server on the website and can get the necessary articles.

E-Shodhsindhu: Based on the recommendations of the Expert Committee, MHRD has created E-Shodhsindhu. It combines UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, N-LIST and Indest-AICTE Consortium. E-Shodhsindhu can get information that is currently available. E-Shodhsindhu will get original source of literature, publisher and review, quantity material, real information.The Institutions which come under 2f&12(B)under UGC act can take advantage of e-Shodhsindhu members. Digital Library Consortiaum is now merged into E-Shodhsindhu.

National Digital Library (N.D.L): The Ministry of Human Resource Development has handed over the work of setting up and coordinating the National Digital Library (N.D.L.) under IIT Kharagpur under the National Mission on Education through Information and Telecommunication Technology (NMEICT). This will be the formation of the National Concern. This step has been taken up with the aim of gathering information from various organizations available in digital form. NDL aims to provide a single window through e-facility to the user from primary education to higher education. For the students of all walks of life, students who want to do special research will be encouraged to take this project. Every university has its intellectual production and curriculum information store called institutional digital repository. Universities students can get free admission in this.

Conclusion: Computerized Library in the Educational Library is essential service in the academic library. Digital library is an effective tool for teaching and research. The rapid change in information technology has revolutionized the role of the library. The requirements for obtaining information about those who use the library are changing. Recognizing these changing needs, the library is reorganizes the products and provide the services. References Kabir,S.Humayoon.Sudhier,H.G.(2010).Confetti of Thoughts on Information Studies:Essaya in Honour of prof.(Dr.)C.V.RajanPillai. Koovakkai,Dineshan. Vasudevan T.M(2011)Library2.0 and Information Management:Essays in Honour of Dr.Jalaja V.






Current Trends in Library and Information Science

Prof. Mukund V. Katole Librarian,

Vidya Bharti College of Pharmacy, Amravati. (M.S.) [email protected]

Abstract

Research in Library and Information Science (LIS) is an important activity and without research no new advancement is ensured in this field. Library professionals strive hard to find solutions of certain problems which they face from time to time. This article a detail analysis has been made on recent current trend progress library information science. This includes process of knowledge classification, cataloguing, documentation, library administration, internet, information literacy, and change in management and library Security. It is found that the utility and security of Libraries is steadily increasing by means of the programmers, and mass Literacy programmers etc. LIS education and training facilities in India are undergoing rapid changes. The need of collection of information and knowledge of library database.

Keywords- Library and Information Science (LIS) research; Scholarly publications; Current trends classification.

Introduction- Discovery and dissemination of new knowledge has always been a necessary work to

uplift social and economical status of the people. Advancement in knowledge is invariably accompanied by social change and progress. In the pre- industrial society research was mostly a private affair and the researchers and scholars were patronized by the kings and elite. Research is a careful critical study or examination in seeking facts or principles; intelligent & diligent analysis in order to ascertain something. In India, individual research started in 1930s with Dr. S.R. Ranganathan who was actively involved in various areas of librarianship viz. classification, cataloguing, documentation, library administration, the dominant factor of human life. There is immense importance to change in present period and it is the cause of human progress. The Library and Information Science is no exception to this. Therefore, it is automatic to include new trends in the syllabi. As a result of this change new concepts are coming forward.

Library And Information Science (Lis) Research Research is a prime developmental activity of any discipline and profession including the

profession of librarianship. LIS research helps in identifying issues that affect the growth and development of librarianship as well as that of the LIS education. The genesis and development of LIS research in India may be traced back to the year 1924 when Dr. S.R. Ranganathan joined this profession. His seminal contribution to various facets of LIS enriched the discipline and elevated its status from art to a discipline in social sciences. Library Science which was started as a school now grown up to a fully fledged department renamed and called as Library and Information Science. In due course of time many universities in India including open universities have introduced M.Phil and Ph.D. programmes in LIS. Now LIS has become a full fledged discipline like other social science‘s discipline and enriching itself day by day. Research initiatives in Library and Information Science are also increasing day by day. Research in

http://click.thesaurus.com/click/nn1ov4?clkord=1&clkpage=the&clksite=thes&clkld=0&clkdest=http%3A%2F%2Fthesaurus.com%2Fbrowse%2Fautomatic






Library and Information enables to know the needs and expectations of the actual and potential users. Now a days library is not only confined to the transaction of books but it has become a centre of information. Therefore, it is very necessary to apply the new trends in the syllabi. The current trends in library and information science can be preferably considered in the following ways.

According to National Knowledge Commission (NKC) report (March 2007), ―India has a long tradition of libraries & has contributed to the development of

basic concepts in the discipline such as fundamental principles of library services& knowledge organization tools, R & D activities in LIS today are extremely limited. This is utmost concern for the growth of LIS profession in India‖.

Research is a careful critical study or examination in seeking facts or principles; intelligent & diligent investigation in order to ascertain something.

In India, individual research started in 1930s with Dr. S.R. Ranganathan who was actively involved in various areas of librarianship viz. classification, cataloguing, documentation, library administration, etc.

LIS education in India though started as early as in 1911 & was gradually recognized as a full-fledged discipline.

Separate departments were set up in the universities offering courses leading to bachelors & master degrees.

This eventually set the stage for formal research activities in the subject. Current Trends:- Knowledge of Computer and Internet:

Today‘s age is termed as computer age one that has no knowledge of computer is

regarded as illiterate? That is why the syllabus of computer is included in Library and Information Science. The knowledge of internet listened of the time. Because Internet is the most important factor of today‘s Life. The future Librarian must be given the knowledge of this

technique. Use of Computer Cataloguing, Database and Information Technology in Syllabuses.

With the use of computer the old topics like classification; cataloguing and database are thought in a new fashion now a day. The information technology functions now a days the information technology. This is also included in the syllabus of Library and Information Science. Its main purpose is to motivate people to know about it. Digital Library

Digital Libraries use latest techniques to render library services in today‘s Information

and Communication Technology environment. Much research is going on relating to this area but few research scholars are studying about the technology involved in creating digital libraries. The main focus of research under this area is only on finding out the initiatives of digitization in libraries Change in Management Science Studies with Library Security:

The recent trends in management studies, includes the use of laws and knowledge regarding the storage of information and its application. The Librarian cautious regarding the






library security, they are to be made acquainted with the new techniques. These include magnetic security system, CCTV and RFID etc. Knowledge of Information Production and Sell skills

The librarian is expected to breathe skills related to the smell of knowledge production. He must be aware of the fact that, knowledge is never available without charge but some fee must be charged for it. Librarian‟s Training Classes, New Material to the Librarian Fulfilling Reader‟s Need:

It is desired that the Librarian ought to be well equipped with communication skills for this, training classes for Librarian are arranged to make him adept in communication skills. The needs of the reader and the information they want can be fulfilled with this. For acquiring information such as internet, website is needed to be introduced to the librarians. The Library and Information Science Education is Distance Education mode and Arrangement of Refresher Course: The distance education has made it possible for many people to take education while doing a job. Example - IGNOU, New Delhi. In order to impart the current information to the Librarians, the UGC has organized refresher courses for them from time to time. Arrangement of Continuous Education, Seminars, Workshops and Conferences: The University and the Library association take initiative in the arrangement of continuous education, seminars, workshops and conferences. The main purpose is to make librarian acquainted with new trends and developments in Library science. Information Literacy Programmed and use Information and Document Retrieval:-

It is really very difficult to reach up to the expectations of readers. Therefore, it became the need of the time to arrange information Literacy programmed. It will ultimately equip the librarian with some specific skills. Expert systems Use of automatic classification techniques for document retrieval application of parallel processing techniques to information retrieval etc.

Conclusion: At present, the work of the Library is not confined only to the transaction of the books, but it has become the centre of information. Therefore, it has now become mandatory to follow the current trends in the syllabi. With the current trends, in the Library and Information Science, the knowledge of computer science has got immense importance ultimately resulting in the need of the use of Internet. Now a days, classification and cataloguing have got immense importance. The changes in the syllabi have made it necessary to maintain better co-ordination between Information Technology and Management Science. New Information production and sell should get a due reference in the syllabi to achieve this goal; the training courses of this sort are run. As a part of this, a demand of imparting education in Library and Information Science is coming forward. The education of this sorties also impacted by distance mode. Besides this, it is found that the utility and security of Libraries is steadily increasing by means of the programmers, like continuous education, seminars, conferences and mass Literacy programmes etc. References-

Bajpai, R.P., 2007, Current Trends in Library and Information Science, New Delhi, India Pub. &Distributions.






Satija, M.P. (2010). What ails doctoral research in library& information science in India DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology. 30 (5). 61-66.

Buva, G.A.2007, Granthalya and Mahitishastra Vyvasthapnache nave pravah, savantvari, shri sai.prakashan.

Gokhle, M,2007, granthalya aani Mahitishastra abhyaskramatil Naveen pravah,gyangangotri p.25-26

Patra, Swapan Kumar & Prakash Chand. (2006). Library & information science research in India: A bibliometric study. Annals of Library & Information Studies. 53.219-223.

Kaba, A.2002.Research trends in Library and Information Science at the International Islamic University Malaysia. Library Review, 51 (1): 32






Application of Mobile Technology in Library Services: A Case Study

Mr. Mangesh S. Junghare & Mr. Pankaj Raut+ Shri. Shivaji College of Horticulture, Amravati.

+Shri. Shivaji Agri-Biotechnology College, Amravati

Abstract: Information is an essential need of all the human beings in present days. Information is

helpful in improving social, cultural, scientific and technological development. Therefore it is necessary to provide right information to right user at right time. Therefore it is necessary for library to process rich collection arranged in proper manner so that it can be retrieved at proper time. For retrieval of information without intervention of staff, library must have to use Mobile Technology. Libraries are always ready for adopting new information and communication technologies to improve their services.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to carry out a survey in order to better understand the nature of handheld mobile computing use by academic library users and to determine whether there is a significant demand for using the library services with these small screen devices. In our paper, taking VBMV library as a case study, an attempt has been made to highlight the innovative practices adopted in the mode of delivering the library services.

Keywords: Catalogue, OPAC, Mobile Technology

Introduction The pattern of communication today is changing as new technologies emerge,

changing the ways people communicate and organize information. In fact, Mobile Technology make the most frequent and widespread changes in society

OPAC has revolutionized access to bibliographic information through search capabilities such as keyword searching, Boolean searching, truncation, proximity searching, and item identity number searching. These were not possible in the traditional catalogue.

Today, a number of libraries are providing OPAC service to their users to find out their book/documents. In such a situation, the libraries should examine periodically how much comfort the users feel with this service so that some initiatives could be taken timely to improve this facility.

This study examines an academic library user population and the potential demand for using one service, the library‘s catalog, with handheld mobile computing devices. This study endeavored to answer the question do libraries need to have their services accessible to users of hand-held devices such as cell phones.

Providing the MOPAC service to library users of VidyaBharti Mahavidyalaya, Amravati without visiting the library in person and by using the proper utilization of handheld device they have , with the help of Application of Mobile Technology in Library Services.

Methodology: Methodology in research is a way to solve the problem to unfold the probable answer.

The researcher has to select one of them which is appropriate and requires minimum efforts, time, energy and money.






Information is an essential need of all the human beings in present days. Information is helpful in improving social, economic, cultural, scientific and technological development. Therefore it is necessary to provide right information to right user at right time. Basically the aim of libraries and information centers is to satisfy the end user. Libraries and information centers are one of the important communication Medias for disseminating information to end users. Therefore it is necessary for library to process rich collection arranged in proper manner so that it can be retrieved at proper time. For retrieval of information without intervention of staff library must have to use Mobile Technology.

The main purpose of the present study was to study the library services provided by the Library of Management Department of VidyaBharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati with special reference of Application of Mobile Technology in library services. This paper includes the case study of Library of Management Department, VidyaBharati Mahavidyalaya, tools for collection of data, construction and description of the questionnaire, personal interviews of the library users and recording their views and data analysis.

Case Study Of Library Of Management, Vidyabharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati. (VBMV Library)

The VidyaBharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati is a pioneering, premier College in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. It was established in 1972 by the VidyaBharati Shaikshanik Mandal,Amravati with view to provide enlightened leadership and trained manpower in the field of Art, Commerce,Science and Business Management ( including BCA, BBA, MCA & MBA) which will support to strengthen the economy of our nation. VBMV is the NAAC ReAccredited ―A‖ Grade College. It has the glorious history of about 40 years. Vbmv Library:

Today the College has two independent libraries, having total area of about 6000 sq ft and 3000 sq ft., respectively. It has rare, varied and rich collection. It subscribes to 95 regional, national and international journals. There are 56546 books available. VBMV Library is recognized today as one of the best and well equipped library in the field of education. VBMV Library has been growing over the years. Now it has undertaken several measures and adopting modern scientific techniques and know-how to perform day to day tasks. Most of the traditional services have also been replaced by new ICT-based services. This library is always ready to apply various innovative practices in providing the best services to its users. Present Collection Of The Library: (Total Books 56546 ) Books:

Sr. No. Title No. of Books 1 Books 56546 2 Journals 95 3 E-Book 97333 4 News Papers(Daily) 11

Table 4.1






Library Users Students of Junior, Senior, PG Wing and teachers of all the faculties also the non-

teaching are the regular members of the library. About 4000 students of all the faculties and about 120 teachers availing the services of the library. Ex-teachers, Senior citizens, educationalist and research scholars are visiting the library. As it is one of the leading library in commerce, various persons of banking, trade and economic sector also visited this library from last 40 years.

Library Staff The present staff positions of the library are as follows:

Staff Position No. of employees The Librarian 1

Asst. Librarian 1

Support Staff 7

Table 4.2 Library Automation At Glance

The present automation status of the library is as follows. 1 Libraries Database includes of Books, Periodicals, Theses and new additions. 2 Library has LIBSYS, LIBMAN(in Library of Management Department) software to run its

computerized functions. 3 About 19 computers are in use for automation work. 4 Installation of OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue) 5 Installation of Barcode system for Members I-D and Circulation System. 6 Other administrative aspects of the library.

Library Services The teachers, research scholars, students and the other staff are the main users of the

library. The majority of the under-graduate and post-graduate students depends on the services of the library. For convenience of the readers, the service of the library is made available from 7.15 am to 6.10 pm and the timing of Library of Management Department is 11.00 am to 6.00 pm on all working days. Reading- Hall remains open till 8 pm during examination period. Besides the books in the stacks for lending, the library has special collection of textbooks for issue and reference purpose. Reprographic services are provided to the readers on nominal charges to enable them to copy the required materials. The library provides Internet services to the readers for browsing the regular material.

Innovaive Practices/Best Services Of The Library New innovative practices have been introduced in the delivery of services by the library. Creation of the databases of the books and other material using library application

package like SMART Lib, Automation of different housekeeping operations of the library, Providing OPAC as tool for browsing & searching the library collection, Provision of services in electronic environment, Developing Local Area Network Providing online access to leading E-Journals and E-books to library users/readers at no cost, Access to the full text of the journals; News Paper Clipping Depository : Scanning the daily news, INTERNET & E-Resource Centre providing internet connectivity enabling the users






access to global information resources, Adopting Barcode System in Circulation and for the I-Cards & B-T Cards of the library members. Joining the INFLIBNET-N-List Program enabling the academic and research community access to more than 6000+ E-Journals and 97000+ E-Books. Improving existing service conditions, Helping towards promoting E-Learning as well as E-Literacy among the scholars, Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the library. Making library management more systematic to serve the users conductively.

Sources Of Data: Required data for present study were collected from the users of Library of Management

Department, VidyaBharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati including faculty members and the students. The study is based on the primary data collected from the users. In this process of collecting data, users were interviewed personally to cover the gaps in questionnaire and to clear doubts. Besides the secondary data was collected from sources like textbooks, reference books, national and international journals and magazines.

Sampling Procedure: Academic community of college libraries includes faculty members and students who are

involved in teaching on the one hand and research activity on the other. For the selection of users of college library the researcher used random sampling technique by applying 20% of total population.

Tools For Collection Of Data: It was difficult to visit each user in campus. The following tools were used for collection

of data pertaining to the present study. Questionnaire, Interview – schedule, Observation – schedule. It is assured that the total 150 questionnaire were distributed among the users of libraryand collected 106 duly filled questionnaires. We scrutinized each and every questionnaire filled in by the user and use collected data for tabulation and statistical analysis. Personal Interviews :- To have face to face dialogue and to collect more reliable data, personal interviews were arranged with pre-intimation / appointment for interview. Personal Observations :- For detailed study we used personal observation user by user. We personally visited Departmental library and observed the actual working. Description of Questionnaire used is essentially a skillful translation of objectives into a set of questions intended to be answered in writing. Questionnaire was designed to gather primary data for the present study which were distributed among 150 users constituting 9 faculty members, 32 Post Graduate (PG) Students and 65 Under Graduate (UG) students of Management Departments of VidyaBharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati in first week of Sept., 2018. Proper care was taken to select the representative sample (Sample size: 20% of total population).

A total of 106 out of 150 respondents completed and returned the questionnaires giving overall a response rate of 70.66 per cent. Out of 106 respondents, 9 (90 percent) faculty members, 32 (80 percent) Post Graduate, and 65(65 per cent) were Under Graduate students.

The collected data was arranged using tables, analyzed it, and processed by using Microsoft Office Excel 2007.






Findings: 1. With personal interviewing with students and staff of Management Department of

VidyaBharti Mahavidyalaya, Amravati. The Respondents used different forms of media on their mobile phones was mostly limited to viewing photographs. Some used their phones to listen to music or watch videos, but very few used them to listen to podcasts or audio books and only a small number read e-books or journal articles.

2. 56.60 % of respondents do not use the College Library while 29.24 % of respondents used library once in a month. This means that around 85 % of respondents not take the use of library at all.

3. Due to Remote Location of Library (at Fourth Floor), 61.34% of respondents not use the Library on Regular basis.

4. 73.58 % Respondents have their own Smartphone. 5. The Search Type (Title, Authors, Keyword, etc.) Features of the library catalog search page

are the most important for 82.08 % respondents. 6. 73.58 % respondents assumes that Location, Publisher, Author, Title, Cover Image, Year

Published, Call No. is important information to search a book. 7. VidyaBharti Mahavidyalaya, Amravati has Wi-Fi Campus known by 86.76% respondents. 8. If the library offered a mobile option then 78.30 % Respondents like A mobile application

rather than a tailored website. 9. 16.98 % of Respondents expecting more services like Notice Board, News Board, etc. from

Library Application. Conclusion:

The tremendous expansion of knowledge and its dissemination through a great variety of media the organization of information services in academic libraries requires new technology and methods for the benefit of the students. Information has been recognized as vital resources.

On the basis of result obtained it may be summed up that change in information seeking behavior of the stake holders of library. Change of course is quite visible but definitely slow. Traditional resources are used as earlier even in electronic era. Libraries must have to develop strategies to adopt Mobile Technology and try to use Mobile Application to save the time.

The above state of affair presents the current status of the VBMV Library. With the introduction of new innovative practices, the mode of delivery of services of library has changing. VBMV Library is serving as model for other academic libraries. Technology alone cannot help bring about the required changes. Attitudes, practices, and policies need to change if libraries are to truly benefit themselves and their community of users by the application of new technologies. A mobile application becomes useful for the academic libraries to enhance their users by providing 24*7 services. . Today many mobile service providers offering their data services at very low cost. Now it is affordable for any individuals to use their Smartphone in effective manner to take the service at home too.

References:

1. Nidhi Khare(2009),‖Libraries on Move: Library Mobile Application‖, 7th International

CALIBER 2009.






2. Joel Cummings( 2009) ―The use of handheld mobile devices: their impact and

implications for library services‖, Library Hi Tech Vol. 28 No. 1, 2010. pp. 22-40. 3. Lori Barile(2011)‖ Mobile Technology for Libraries‖, C&RL News April 2011, pp 228 4. Shiv Kumar and Ranjana Vohra(2011),‖ Online Public Access Catalogue Usage at

Panjab University Library, Chandigarh‖, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information

Technology, Vol. 31, No. 4, July 2011, pp. 302-310. 5. Anand Salve, Shalini R. Lihitkar(2012),‖ Open Source Software as Tools for Libraries:

An Overview‖, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, Vol. 32, No. 5, September 2012, pp. 381-387 © 2012, DESIDOC

6. Malathy S. and Kantha P.(2013)‖ Application of Mobile Technologies to Libraries‖,

DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, Vol. 33, No. 5, September 2013, pp. 361-366.

7. Archana S.N., Padmakumar P.K., and Beena C.(2014 ),‖ Catalogue Interfaces of

Integrated Library Management Systems (ILMS): Experiences in a Proprietary and Open Source Software‖, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, Vol. 34,

No. 1, January 2014, pp. 16-22 8. Hilal Ahmad(2014), Library Software Awareness: A Survey of OPAC Vs Card

Catalogue in IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur, and Kashmir University, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, Vol. 34, No. 4, July 2014, pp. 325-332

9. Yan Quan Liu and Sarah Briggs(2015)‖ A Library in the Palm of Your Hand:Mobile

Services in Top 100 University Libraries‖, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND

LIBRARIES | JUNE 2015






Knowledge Management: Role of Academic Libraries

Ms. Savita B. Bonde. M.Com. M.L.I.Sc. M.Phil. (Pursuing Ph.D.)

Asstt. Librarian BabasahebNaik College Of Engineering, Pusad.

[email protected] Cell No. 9421853082

Abstract:

In the present information and knowledge age,knowledge has become a key resource in our society. The academic zone need to improve information units based on the advanced information tools and standards needed to facilitate efficient information management, flow, and exchange. A well established library is necessary for any academic organization. As a focal point for teaching, learning and research, it is expected to provide standard information resources. Today, academic libraries are struggling to keep their place as the major source of investigation in the face of rising digital technology. KM helps academic libraries and information professionals in improving the services being rendered to their users. In this paper deals with KM and the role of KM in academic libraries and also examine the use of IT in Knowledge Management.

Keywords: Academic Library, Data, Knowledge Management, Information Management, Information Technology

Introduction: In today‘s economy, knowledge is people, money, leverage, learning, flexibility, power

and competitive advantage. But, Knowledge management may be defined as a process of creating, storing, sharing and re-using organizational knowledge to enable an organization to achieve its goals and objectives. The concept of knowledge based economy has generated remarkable change recent days. Knowledge management is a process of knowledge creation and modernization through an efficient organization and sufficient exploitation of information and knowledge resources. Knowledge management in libraries ought to be focused on effective study and development of knowledge, creation of knowledge supports, exchange and sharing of knowledge between library staff members including users, training of library staff, speeding up explicit processing of the implicit knowledge and realizing of its sharing. Knowledge Management (KM) is a concept that emerged explosively in the business community over the last few years. It is a relatively recent phenomenon and as a key component of the strategic planning process which developed in the mid-1990s. Day by day all types of libraries are undergoing to drastic changes, they are becoming as an information centre. Because in our modern society is based on new knowledge economy and digital era. As a focal point for teaching, learning and research, it is expected to provide standard information resources. Today, academic libraries are struggling to keep their place as the major source of investigation in the face of rising digital technology. The new role of academic libraries in the 21st century needs to be as a learning and knowledge centre for their users as well as the intellectual commons for their individual communities where, to use the phrase from the Keystone Principles, people and






ideas interact in both the real and virtual environments to expand learning and facilitate the creation of new knowledge.

Concepts of Knowledge management: from data to knowledge One of the main concerns in knowledge management is the conceptualization of knowledge.

For this it is important to provide a few brief operational definition of key terms used throughout this paper. For the purpose of this article following key terms have been defined:

(i) Data : Data is a set of discrete facts about events and is considered raw facts and figure that must be further processed to become information

(ii) Information: Information is processed Data. (iii)Knowledge: Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual

information, and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information.

(iv) Explicit Knowledge: It is the knowledge found in books, documents, databases, e-mail and the like. It is public Knowledge rather than private.

(v) Tacit (implicit) knowledge: Implicit knowledge is difficult to capture and communicate. It is Private knowledge. It is personal knowledge stored in the mind of the individuals. Tacit knowledge is job or task specific and related to context.

(vi) Organizational Knowledge: what an organization knows, how it uses what it knows, how fast it can know something new.

(vii) Organizational memory: explicit, disembodied, persistent representation knowledge Information in the organization.

(viii) Knowledge management: ―It is the explicit and systematic management of vital

knowledge and its associated process of creating, gathering, organizing, diffusion, use and exploitation. It requires turning personal knowledge into corporate knowledge that can be widely shared throughout an organization and appropriately applied‖.

Knowledge management deals with people, culture and technology to enable organizations to achieve strategic objectives.

Role of KM in Academic Libraries: As a learning organization academic libraries are expected to provide strong leadership in

knowledge management. They need to improve their knowledge management in all the key areas of library services. Some of articles on knowledge management dealt with the operation of the technical services. The library world is characterized by fast-paced change, and perhaps no other area as much as field of cataloguing and they tried to define cataloguing as very important aspect of knowledge management in as increasingly digital world. An academic library is a library which provides an institution of higher education, such as a college, university or a school and it also serves two complementary purposes to support the school‘s curriculum and the research of the university faculty and students. Academic libraries are information centres established in support of the mission of their parent institutions to generate knowledge and people equipped with knowledge in order to serve the society and advance the well being of mankind. In the digital age, academic libraries face challenges from both within (academia) and without (the business sector). Implementation of KM enhances the traditional functions of academic library. The changing role of academic librarians as knowledge managers emphasises the need to continuously update or gain new skills and knowledge to remain appropriate to the modern






library‘s environment. KM helps academic libraries and information professionals in improving

the services being rendered to their users. The academic libraries are the spine of any organization or institution to information dissemination and the different services offered by the libraries are mainly designed to fulfil the goals of the organization. The main aim of library is to provide right information to the right user at the right time. So in academic libraries the knowledge management cannot be underemphasized, as it helps to enlarging the traditional function in digital age.

Objectives of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: The main objective of Knowledge management is to ensure that the right information is

delivered to the right person just in time, in order to take the most appropriate decision. The objectives are as follows: KM provides the relationship between library and their users. KM deals with creations, acquisitions, retrieves and distributes the knowledge in academic

library. KM promotes earlier and easier recovery of data and disseminates the information. KM practitioners maintain that knowledge must be shared and serve as the foundation for

collaboration. KM requires development of knowledge managers. KM creates knowledge repositories and manages knowledge as an asset. KM protect the intellectual property right, in information technology era KM organize the value of knowledge and improve effective research

Advantage of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: Promote innovation by encourage the Opening channel of communication ideas and

Improving quality and efficiency of decision-making Continuous improvement and learning from others Selection and use of information and data Makes it possible for you to support new technologies easily and capture new knowledge

for future use Improves staff engagement and communication Employee raining/education/development programme

Disadvantage of Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: Searching for new source of information Adapting knowledge to users need Sharp and analytical mind Creating/disseminating new knowledge and embedding it in new technologies and

products Information Technology Literacy Enables knowledge creation, flow and communication within the organization.

Conclusion: Academic libraries are thus playing a vital role in crossing the borders, the key to opening

all gateways to knowledge. Librarians should train themselves and their staff to develop the appropriate knowledge management systems and use information technologies to equipped






libraries to provide better, faster and pinpointed services to its clients/ users. Knowledge Management helps library and information professionals in improving the services being rendered to their users. Information professionals have to recast their roles as knowledge professional. The librarian‘s roles should not be limited to being the custodians of information but they have to acquire skills to keep themselves updated so as to cope intelligently and objectively with the effective and efficient knowledge management in Academic libraries. References

1. Anil kumar,H. 2006. ―Knowledge Management Strategies for Effectively Managing Libraries‖,Sreekumar M.G. (et al) Ed. Digital Libraries in Knowledge Management,New Delhi: Ess Ess,pp79-92.

2. Dhanasegarn,G. 2006. ―Knowledge Management in Libraries- Indian Scenario‖, Indian Journal of Information, Library & Society,Vol:19(1-2),pp83-88.

3. Dhiman,A.K. 2003. ―Knowledge Management system for Knowledge Management in IT

Era‖, Indian Journal of Information, Library & Society,Vol:16(1-2),pp1-8. 4. Gulati,A. 1999. ―Knowledge Management :An Information Technology Prospective‖,

DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology,Vol.:19(6),pp3-7. 5. Mahopatra,P.K. and Chakrabarti,B. 2002. “Knowledge Management in libraries”,New

Delhi:Ess Ess .pp1-288. 6. Rajyalakshmi,D. 2005. ―Information Professionals-Knowledge and Skills for

Information Management‖,ILA Bulletin,Vol:40(3),pp5-12. 7. Sharma,C.K. and Gupta,S. 2007. ―Knowledge Management: Its Application in Research

in Social Science‖,Journal of Library and Information technology,Vol.:3(2),pp1-5.






Knowledge Management System in Academic Libraries

Santosh P.Waghade Sunil P. Dhage

Gayadevi Joshi Arya Bhatta Sahakar Maharshi Bhaskarrao Shingne Arts Mahavidyalaya, Akola College, Khamagaon

Abstract:-

Academic libraries are information centers established in support of the mission of their parent institutions to generate knowledge, and people equipped with knowledge in order to serve the society and advance the well-being of mankind.In today's knowledge-based economies, appropriate Knowledge Management (KM) has proved a strategic management tool to survive and thrive in the ever-changing Information centre. Therefore, increasingly, all types of organizations including tertiary institutions and Educational institution are adopting KM. Library and Information center is best example of Knowledge Management. The study revealed the main reasons for practicing KM to improve library services: and productivity, produce more with less, avoid duplication of efforts and leverage existing knowledge.Knowledge management is offers academic libraries the opportunity to improve effectiveness for themselves and their parent institutions. In this article summarizes knowledge management theory and its applications in academic libraries and higher education are described. How to apply knowledge management theory in academic library practices are discussed.

Introduction Academic libraries have generated increasing amounts of information about their

operations in last twenty year.In our education system, academic libraries rarely use this information to create or apply theory of knowledgemanagement. They do not apply it to improve services or the transmission of scholarly information. For example, libraries, retail stores, and Web sites all generate exact records of use as a by-product of their automated systems; but unlike Amazon.com, few librarians consciously create and then use knowledge from that information to improve organizational effectiveness. Some organizational resources are dedicated to the creation and application of knowledge to organizational problems.Knowledge management offers academic libraries the opportunity to create knowledge to improve library development and effectiveness, for both themselves and their institutions. This article is intended to summarize the dynamic field of knowledge management and to describe how it can be used to make academic libraries more effective both inside the library and throughout the institution.

Knowledge Management concept has came since late 1990s, first in the business sector, and then in higher education and now little year ago in library management. Today Library is called knowledge resources center. Because library is store house of knowledge, where in provided knowledge resources by books, journals e books, digital books. Any academic institution has major roll for social development and nation development. Library is knowledge resource center that institution because it has participate in knowledge creation activity.

What Is Knowledge Management Academic libraries are part of which organizations where transforminformation resources

for use by students, teaching staff, and researcherthrough the functions of teaching, research, and library services.Also created is a growing amount of transactional information in databases,






knowledge embedded in processes and documentation in the heads of their user. Same as Knowledge management (KM) is the process of creating, sharing, using and managing the knowledge and information of an organization. It refers to a multidisciplinary approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge.Knowledge management may be defined as the set of processes that create and share knowledge across an organization to optimize the use of judgment in the attainment of mission and goals. It is an emerging discipline developing on the interstices of organizational psychology, library and information science, economics, and computer science. It involves capturing an organization‘s

goal-related knowledge as well as knowledge of its products, customers, competition, and processes, and then sharing that knowledge with the appropriate people throughout the organization.

Definition Knowledge management may be defined as the set of processes that create and share

knowledge across an organization to optimize the use of judgment in the attainment of mission and goals.

Knowledge management (KM) is the process of creating, sharing, using and managing the knowledge and information of an organization.

Knowledge management is the systematic management of an organization's knowledge assets for the purpose of creating value and meeting tactical & strategic requirements; it consists of the initiatives, processes, strategies, and systems that sustain and enhance the storage, assessment, sharing, refinement, and creation of knowledge.

Objective Of Knowledge Management To promote collection, processing, storage and distribution of knowledge To promote scientific research To promote relationship between library and users To protect the intellectual property right, in information technology era To create knowledge repositories and manage knowledge as an asset To organize the value of knowledge and improve effective res

Process Of Knowledge Generating Stephen Abram sees the process for knowledge creation and use as a continuum where

data transforms into information, information transforms into knowledge and knowledge drives and underpins behavior and decision-making. Below are simple definitions of Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom. All of them are available within every organization:

Data UNESCO defineas the data is ―facts, concepts instructions in a formalized manner

suitable for communication, interpretation or processed by human or automatic means‖.

Information Marc Porat states, ―Information is data that has been organized and communicated.‖

Knowledge Daniel Bell defines knowledge as ―a set of organized statements of facts or ideas, presenting a

reasoned judgment or an experimental result, which is transmitted to others through some communication medium in some systematic form.‖ Data: Scattered, unrelated facts, writings, numbers, or symbols.

http://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/






Information is organized and analyzed data. Knowledge: Information combined with user‘s ability and experience that is used to solve a

problem or to create new knowledge. Wisdom: Forward looking and thinking based on one‘s values and commitment.

Types Of Knowledge Knowledge is classified into two types.

Explicit knowledge Tacit knowledge

Explicit knowledge: It is formal and easy to communicate to others. It is the knowledge of rationality. That is, policies, rules, specifications and formulae. It is also known as declarative knowledge.

Tacit knowledge: It is complex form of knowledge. It has two dimensions namely technical and cognitive. This is personal knowledge, which is in human mind and difficult to formalize and also difficult to communicate.

Knowledge Management Steps Knowledge Management is ―a process, which deals with knowledge creation, acquisition,

packaging and application or reuse of knowledge.‖ It is basically consists of the following four

steps:

Knowledge Selection Knowledge Acquisition Knowledge Collection Organization Data protection and presentation Dissemination of Knowledge

Knowledge Management is the way to keep knowledge growing through sharing and such sharing is best done either in material or human terms.

Knowledge Management In Academic Libraries Today Library is called knowledge resources center. Because library is store house of

knowledge, wherein provided knowledge resources by books, journals e books, digital books. While the business world is changing in the new knowledge economy and digital age, libraries of all types are undergoing drastic changes also. The new role of libraries in the 21st century needs to be as a learning and knowledge center for their users as well as the intellectual commons for their respective communities where, to borrow the phrase from the Keystone Principles, ―people

and ideas interact in both the real and virtual environments to expand learning and facilitate the creation of new knowledge.‖ The aim of knowledge management in libraries is to promote

relationship in and between libraries; between library and the user; to strengthen knowledge internetworking and to quicken the knowledge flow. In the knowledge economy era, libraries are entrusted with an important job of carrying out researches on development and application of information resources, construction of virtual libraries, protection of intellectual property rights in the electronic era, etc., and paving the way for knowledge innovation. Another point is that, the academic Libraries are pinched on both sides: reduced budget and increased demand from faculty and students. To implement Knowledge Management in academic libraries is mainly driven by its mission rather than by the competition from Internet-based reference services or






electronic books. Budget shortfall is a primary driving force for the implementation of Knowledge Management in academic libraries. In recent years, budgets in academic libraries are stagnant at best and declining in general. At the same time, students, faculty and university administration have a greater expectation of academic libraries, due in part to the advancement of information technology and in part to the explosion of knowledge in the digital age. It is, therefore, paramount for academic libraries to operate more efficiently with reduced financial and/or human resources. Knowledge Management is such a tool that could help in this regard and at this crucial moment. Davenport explains that Knowledge Management as a process is about acquisition, creation, packaging and application of reuse of knowledge. In any organization, the libraries are the backbone of information dissemination and the different services

Objectives Of Knowledge Management Knowledge management in academic Library is process and technique that transfer

information to knowledge. I) Optimize Knowledge sharing and utilization. II) Transferring Knowledge directly its use system organization. III) To derive overall benefits to all aspects of the functioning of Organization. IV) To provide the right amount of information at the right time to right user.

Knowledge Management In Library And Information Centre. I) Manage information resources :-

Knowledge management is a different from information management but information management is key to obtain knowledge. So library professional keep their product of knowledge in sharable form. They should use micro technique to present their knowledge and gain knowledge from information resources such as databases, citation analysis arrange information to it use. The user of library got the knowledge from information resources as per their needs. II) Technology:-

Library can use various technologies for transfer information Knowledge in technological era. For the fast and effective transfer of information library use these tools for utilization of knowledge. In comparative than other the academic library use these tools directly and indirectly. For example Video lecturer and audio lecturer provide directly in academic library such as NPTEL Courses and on the other hand the network base services by considering use aspect about information.Academic Library being marginalized by Internet-based information services and students and faculty‘s own information gathering efforts. III) Human Relation:-

Human Resource management and communication is also the more important factor in Knowledge organization.Knowledge has in facet and in explicit form. Library provides his knowledge in explicit form but facet knowledge use to contact between user and information. Effective human resource management is best function of knowledgemanagement. Best Communication Betweenorganization is developing knowledge and organization. IV) Library Infrastructure:-

Knowledge management is main objective is utilize it. Knowledge management is intellectual process human brain. Knowledge has present in skill action and technique in intellectual form. Infrastructure of academic library helps to present Knowledge. Such as






structure of academic library various sections in Library, computer database online public access catalogue, etc. User friendly atmosphere is more important in knowledge management. Knowledge management is a systemic process and only with the help of all these things we occupy our objective and goal to provide knowledge to our user. V) Change library structure:-

Today we living in the technological Revolutionary era and that‘s why there are so many

medium available to transfer the information to knowledge. And that‘s why it becomes very

essential that library also accepts such changes. It is essential to change library product in technological form totransfer fast. Such as library is providing a book in hard copy from the couple of year but as the use of technology is increasing in our life library also made change and now must provide the book also in e form. Change in other services of library is also important factor for knowledge management. Network Basis services, SMS, E-mail services. VI) Copyright Issue:-

Copyright issue is mostly related to Knowledge management. Knowledge is a unique thing and it is passes to one generation to another generation and as the human power of thinking is increasing knowledge is expanded in every field. Knowledge is a intellectual work. Library and information centre store information to create knowledge and knowledge become information later some time. That is why copy right issue involves in Knowledge management process to protect Knowledge.

Conclusion Knowledge Management is essential concept in library and information centre.it is often

difficult to estimate or demonstrate the value of knowledge management. Library and Information centre should utilize the current management structure and technology to implement Knowledge Management. Knowledge Management will help to increase libraries‘ operational

efficiency and cater to the ever-increasing needs of user. Knowledge base in academic library, It may be getting advantages to Library development, Parent organization of library and information centre.Knowledge Management is the central term of education and it positively effect and help education system also. It is beneficial to student, researcher, teaching staff, other people in connected organization. Knowledge management gives efficiency to library staff and user to share and use knowledge.

References www.techylib.com/en/view/maddeningprice/knowledge_management_and_academic_libraries http://lis658mb.blogspot.com/ www.tutorialspoint.com/knowledge_management/knowledge_management_introduction.htm www.tijoss.com/1stVolume/Muhammad Rasuli.docx www.researchgate.net/publication/263796642_Knowledge_Management_in_Academic_Libraries_and_Information_Centres_A_Case_of_University_Libraries www.researchgate.net/profile/Osama_Al_Kurdi2 www.researchgate.net/publication/233323477_Reference_as_Outreach_Meeting_Users_Where_They_Are Ahmed, P. K,Lim, K.K, Loh, A.Y.E. (2002). Learning through Knowledge Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

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http://www.tutorialspoint.com/knowledge_management/knowledge_management_introduction.htm

http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Osama_Al_Kurdi2






Alavi, M. &Leidner, D. (1999). Knowledge Management Systems: Issues, Challenges and Benefits. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 1, Article 7. Branin, J.J. (2003). Knowledge Management in Academic Libraries: Building the Knowledge Bank at the Ohio State University. Journal of Library Administration, 39(4):41-56 Corrall, S. (1998). Knowledge Management: Are We in the Knowledge Management Business?‖ Adriad, 18. URL:www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue18/knowledge-mgt/ Ghosh, M. &Jambekar, A. (2003). Networks, Digital Libraries and Knowledge Management: Trends & Developments. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology 23(5):3-11. Jantz, R.C. (2001). Knowledge management in academic libraries: special tools and processes to support information professionals. Reference Services Review, 29(1):33. Serban, A.M. & Luan, J. (2002). (Ed.). Knowledge Management: Building a Competitive Advantage in Higher Education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue18/knowledge-mgt/






Trends in Publication Productivity of Science Faculty, 2010-2013

Sonal D. Utane Dr. (Mrs.) Vaishali P. Gudaddhe CHB Lecturer Professor and Head Deptt. of LIS SGB Amt. Univ., Amravati Deptt. of LIS SGB Amt. Univ., Amravati [email protected] [email protected] Abstract:

Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati in small span of two decades has made significant contributions in different field of study. Its faculty members have consistently contributed their views and ideas to different journals, seminars, conferences, and work shop. Their views are based on the research, and independent thinking which is indicator of strong academic side of the university.

The numbers of publications of science faculty of Science Colleges were counted and by content in time: 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. Results show gains in productivity across time, and increasing integration of science in the literature.

Introduction: Research publications are the embodiments of the intellectual thought contents expressed

in published literature whose key objective is to transmit innovative ideas or information to any specific field of knowledge towards the further development of a subject or a discipline. In this respect bibliometric study is regarded as one of the crucial areas of research in the field of Library and Information Science. Moreover, bibliometric study is used as an instrument in the collection building policy by providing the precise and much needed information to the managers to take the right decision in right time as to what documents they should select and what documents they should discard from the existing collections of their respective libraries. Rudolph Rummel says, "... no researcher should accept any one or two tests as definitive. It is only when a range of tests are consistent over many kinds of data, researchers, and methods can one have confidence in the results."Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." (OECD (2002) Frascati Manual: proposed standard practice for surveys on research and experimental development, 6th edition. It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences.

Bibliometric Bibliometrics is the statistical analysis of texts and information. In a research environment a common example of bibliometrics is the use of citation analysis to determine how many times a researcher's work has been cited in key literature.

Importance of Bibliometrics Increasingly bibliometrics are being used as a measure of research impact or research influence. Bibliometrics analyses quantitative and qualitative data to describe publication patterns within a field of research. This information can be used to evaluate the influence/productivity of a researcher and to provide a comparison between researchers. More



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Rummel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_(observation)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation

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broadly, the results also help to determine university rankings and have an impact on university funding. According to Fairthorne, bibliometric is the ―Quantitative treatment of properties of

recorded discourse and behavior appertaining to it.‖ According to Potter, bibliometric is ―The

study and measurement of the publication patterns of all term of written communication and their authorship. According to Pitchard bibliometric is ―The application of mathematical method to

books and other media of communication.‖

Scientometrics Scientometrics is the science of measuring and analysing science. In practice, scientometrics is often done using bibliometrics which is a measurement of the impact of (scientific) publications. Modern scientometrics is mostly based on the work of Derek J. de Solla Price and Eugene Garfield. The latter founded the Institute for Scientific Information which is heavily used for scientometric analysis. Methods of research include qualitative, quantitative and computational approaches. One significant finding in the field is a principle of cost escalation to the effect that achieving further findings at a given level of importance grow exponentially more costly in the expenditure of effort and resources. However, new algorithmic methods in search, machine learning and data mining are showing that is not the case for many information retrieval and extraction based problems. Related fields are the history of science and technology, philosophy of science and sociology of scientific knowledge.

Statement of Problems The intention of the researcher behind the selection of the present topic entitled ―Trends in Publication Productivity of Science Faculty, 2010-2013‖. With the help of this topic two

points may be cover. 1. Researcher and student of Science were getting Knowledge about research productivity of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University. 2. Motivation level of the employees will improve.

Objectives 1. To determine year wise distribution of research article‘s in the subject field. 2. Degree of

collaboration in all conference, seminars, journal, workshops.3. To study the subject wise break-up and to find out the major trends in publication. 4. To measure the scientific productivity of authors. 5. To find out College wise contribution of article.

Scope and limitation of the study The present study was covered all the science colleges affiliated to Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati. To achieve the objective of present study researcher has selected faculty Science In the study the researcher was consider the entire science faculty working in these science colleges. Further the researcher is considered science faculty in terms of their publication in the journals conference proceeding as well as research. Following departments are affiliated to Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati which is taken in to consideration during the study. Methodology The research paper publication of teachers was the important source for research study was traced from the 28th, 29th and 30th Annual Report (2010-2013) of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliometrics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_J._de_Solla_Price

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Garfield

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Scientific_Information

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_science

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_scientific_knowledge






Hypothesis 1. Single author contribution is more than multiple authors in all years. 2. The Science research is heterogeneous is each sub-discipline.

Analysis and Conclusion In the last step of 20th Century faculty is some forward as one of the most emerging subjects in the universe of Knowledge. Authors are showing keen interests etc. are the documents in which these authors are contributing their thoughts or ideas. In the present study the researcher has considered journals and conferences proceedings to study the contribution of Science Faculty of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati in the academic. The researcher has identified research papers which have been published during 2010 to 2013 on science for collecting required data.

Table No.1: Year wise Distribution of Publication

Year

No of Article

in Journal

No. of Article in

Conference

No. of Article in Seminar

No. of Article in Workshop

Total Percentage

2010 299 160 35 0 494 21.39 2011 191 0 191 8.27 2012 486 0 486 21.04 2013 1125 13 0 1138 49.28

Total 2101 173 35 0 2309 100.00

Above table reflects year wise productivity and distribution of publication i.e. from 2010 to 2013. As it is found that total 1138 articles were published out of which 1125 papers were published in journals and 13 articles were published in conferences. Year 2013 is topmost with 17.21 % among all the years when it comes to publication. Number second in this comparison is year 2010 and 2012 with 21.39 % and 21.04 respectively. Total 494 (2010) and 486(2012) articles were published with very little difference out of which 299 in various journals, 160 in different conferences and 35 articles in seminars articles were published in 2010 year and 486 in various journals articles were published in 2012 year. Third stood 2011 with 8.27 %, this year total 191 articles were published, out of which 191 were published in journals only.

Table No. 2: Year wise Conferences Year

International Level

National Level

State Level Total Percentage

2010 8 25 6 39 76.47

2011 1 3 4 7.84

2012 8 0 0 8 15.69

2013

Total 17 25 9 51 100 It was found that Research Paper Presented in National and International Conference

Held at broad by the Teachers of Affiliated Colleges SGBAU Dept. 2010-13. Mostly research paper is published in National, International and State Level Conference (76.47%) in 2010.






Prominent Subjects of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati Prominent Subjects of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati in the Year 2010

shows that in 2010 total no of articles were published 494. Out of which highest no of article published in journals i.e 299, conference articles were 160, seminar articles were published 35.

Prominent Subjects of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati in the Year 2011 shows that in 2011 total no of articles were published 191. Out of which highest no of article published in journals botany 38, Micro Biology 30, computer science 28 and mathematics 21.Lowest no of article were published in journals subject i.e. statistic, engine, chemistry, and information tech. is only 1 article.

Prominent Subjects Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati in the Year 2011-13 of reflects that in 2011-2012, 2012-2013 total no of articles were published 1624, out of which highest no of article published in journals, conference, seminar articles were published in year 2012-13 i.e. 1125 and 486. Only 13 articles were published in conference 2013. . The research highly found in subject Chemistry having 323 (19.89 %) research papers in the year 2011-2013 , followed by Computer Science having 286 ( 17.61%), Physics with 200 (12.32 %) research papers, Zoology 183 (11.27 %) research papers, Botany having 180 (11.08%), Microbiology Subject having 149 (9.17%) research papers ,Mathematics having 105 (6.47%) research papers, Electronics with 85 (5.23 %), Chemical Technology with 50 (3.08 %) Papers, Bio-Technology with 2 (0.12%), Basic Science with 28 (1.72 %) and Chemical Technology with 5 (0.03 %).

Institutions-Wise Distribution of Contributions It was found S.G.B.Amravati University, Amravati has published (28.39%) Research In Sources Of Publications Followed Shri Shivaji Arts Commerce & Science College Jarud(10.85%),Shri Shivaji Scienc College Amravati (9.72%),H.V.P.M College Of Eng.(8.02%), Brijlal Biyani College Amravati(4.82%), Shankaralal Khandelwal Arts ,Commerce & Science College Akola (3.14%),Shri Shivsji Arts Commerce & Science College Akola (2.66%),Shri R.L.T.College Morshi (2.41%), S.S.K.R.Innani College Karanja Lad (2.29%),Mahatma Fule Arts Commerce & Sitaramji Chaudhari Science College Warud (2.22%), College Of Eng, & Tech. Damangaon Railway(1.74%), Dr.R.G.Rathod Arts & Science College Murtijapur(1.66%) Contribution in research & followed by other affiliated colleges. It be can be concluded that majority of the research in contributed by reputed colleges where the research undertaken on large scale.

It was found that the research publication of science faculty published found 1138 articles in year 2012-13, 494 articles in year 2010-11 and 486 articles in year 2011-2012. Mostly research is published in 2012-13 year.

Table No 3 Authorship Patten Authorship 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Percentage

Single 351 162 401 1025 1939 84.45

2 Author 62 11 45 55 173 7.53

3 Author 43 13 21 19 96 4.18

4 Author 21 1 19 21 62 2.70

4<Author 17 4 0 5 26 1.13






Total 494 191 486 1125 2296 100.00 Table reveals that during 2010-2013 the highest proportion of articles were by single

author 1939(84.45 % ) followed by articles with 2 authors 173 ( 7.53 % ) , 3 author 96 ( 4.18 % ),4 authors 62 (2.70 % ), more than 4 author 26 ( 1.13 %) .the data point out that the large number of article by single author means that there are no well established research groups in the area and the subject is a new and emerging one.

Validation of Hypotheses: 1. The Science research is heterogeneous is each sub-discipline. 2. There is significant difference between the existence of co-authors in articles and

scientific productivity. Changing norms of UGC for research oriented publication, for promotion and to improve

API motivated authors to research and publish more and more in their respected fields. It reflected in the drastic increase in the number of research papers and authors. Plus there is provision of more points if the publication single authored, hence both the hypothesis are proved positively.

Conclusion This studied highlight the Research productivity of Science subjects research paper is at highest level, research output of department and colleges affiliated to Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati. Year 2001-2013. Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati needs to increase its output and bring about improvement in the quality of its research efforts. The Research Paper seen to be popular among the research scholars of the Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati as seen from the highest number of contributions received from them. According to Research papers in the year 2012-2013 was more productivity in Science and there was little difference between 2010-2011 and 2011-2012.

The visible growth in number of publications is because of changing UGC norms and conditions for successful research, promotions and good Academic Performance Indicators (API). References:

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