PRONOUNS

Personal pronouns

Possessive pronouns

Reflexive pronouns

Relative pronouns

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

A personal pronouns replaces

The subject of a sentence (it is called the subject pronoun)

The object of a sentence (it is called the object pronoun)

A subject pronoun and an object pronoun can be singular or plural

SINGULAR

Subject Pronoun

IYouHeSheit

Object Pronoun

MeYouHimHerit

Subject Pronouns

A subject pronoun replaces the subject of a sentence

Examples:The poet said to his friend over his mobile phone, “ I am standing on a balcony overlooking the vast oil palm plantation.”

I refers to the poet > I is a subject pronoun

Subject Pronouns

The vast oil palm plantation is an enchanting sight to behold.

It is an enchanting sight to behold.

It refers to the vast oil palm plantation

> It is a subject pronoun

Subject Pronouns

Isabella nurtures young talents at the Performing Arts Academy.

She nurtures young talents at the Performing Arts Academy.

She refers to Isabella > She is a subject pronoun

Object Pronouns

Subject Pronoun

You

We

they

Object Pronoun

You

Us

them

Subject Pronouns

Examples:Josephine, Wilfred and I met Jackie Chan when we were in transit at Narita International Airport.

We met Jackie Chan when we were in transit at International Airport.

We replaces Josephine, Wilfred and I > We is a subject pronoun.

Subject Pronouns: Plural

“The employees should not turn down the lucrative offer from the company,” the supervisor said.

“You should not turn down the lucrative offer from the company,” the supervisor said.

You replaces the employees > You is a subject pronoun

Subject Pronouns: Plural

The Art and Design students are more creative than the Accountancy students.

They are more creative than the Accountancy students.

They replaces the Art and Design students > They is a subject pronoun

Object Pronouns: A word that replaces the object of a sentence

Subject Pronoun

Object Pronoun

Singular PluralI me

you you Youhe himshe herIt Itwe us

they them

Object Pronouns: Examples

Ali read Ocean Secrets written by Datuk Mansur Ismail last night.

Ali read it last night.It replaces Ocean Secrets > it is an object pronoun

Mr. Daniel will visit his son in Australia in July.

Mr. Daniel will visit him in Australia in July.

him replaces his son > him is an object pronoun

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS: A possessive pronoun is used to show that something belongs to a person or an animal

Singular Pronoun

Possessive Pronoun

before noun

without a noun following it

I my mineyou your yourshe his his she her hersit its -

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Examples:

This is my shawl. > This is mine

That is your new tie. > That is yours.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Plural Pronouns

Possessive Pronoun

Before a noun

Without a noun

following it

You Your YoursThey Their TheirsWe our ours

POSSESSIVE PRONOUN

Examples:The secretary found our report at the bottom of the pile of books.

> The secretary found ours at the bottom of the piles of work.

The lady mistakenly took their luggage.

The lady mistakenly took theirs.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: They are formed in the following ways.

Singular Pronoun Reflexive PronounMy + self MyselfHim + self HimselfHer + self HerselfIt + self Itself

Your + self yourself

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: Plural reflexive pronouns

Plural Pronoun Reflexive pronoun

Our +selves Ourselves

Them +selves Themselves

Your + selves yourselves

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

A reflexive pronoun is used:1. To refer to a noun or a personal pronoun which is both the subject and the object of a sentence

(the subject and the object refer to the same noun or pronoun)

Note: When the reflexive pronoun is used in this way, it is written after the verb.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Examples:Mohamed promised himself that he would lose ten pounds by next month.

> himself refers to the subject Mohamed

Lily looked at herself in the monitor and said, “I need a haircut.”

> herself refers to the subject Lily

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Examples:When sticky seeds hooked themselves to his trousers, the inventor George de Mestral got the idea of making the adhesive tape Velcro.

> themselves refers to the subject seeds

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

2. To emphasise the subject (noun or personal pronoun) in a sentence. The subject performs the action alone without assistance.

Note: When the reflexive pronoun is used in this manner, it is written after the subject or object.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Examples:He invented the transistor radio and many other gadgets himself.

> he (the subject ) performed the action (invented) alone.

Cecil Rajendra himself read the poem.

> Cecil Rajendra (the subject) performed the action (read) alone.

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

My brother learned to play the guitar himself.

> My brother (the subject) performed the action (learned to play the guitar) alone.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

A relative pronoun refers to a noun or pronoun in a complex sentence.

Shakespeare wrote sonnets and plays.Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon, England.

Shakespeare, who wrote sonnets and plays, was born in Stratford-on-Avon, England

> who refers to the noun Shakespeare

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Hang Tuah was a famous Malay warrior. Hang Tuah was from Malacca.

HangTuah, who was a famous Malay warrior, was from Malacca.

> who refers to the noun Hang Tuah

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS:USES

People

Things And

Animals

Uses

who that Refers to the subjectand the object of a sentence

whose which Indicates possession

whom Refers to the object of a sentence

that whose Refers to the subject and the object of a sentence

PRONOUNS

Personal

PronounsPossessivePronouns

Reflexive

PronounsRelativePronouns

Subject Object

Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural