Powerpoint: Historical overview of Greek Educational System (from Greek Antiquity to Modern Greece)

Evangelia Detsiou, Matriculation Number : 1114755, MA:Roads to Democracy(ies)

– 2nd Semester

Historical overview ofGreek educationalsystemThe institution of education is ancient and to understand the development of an educational system, we should see the way from the beginning.

Historical overview of

Greek educational

system

o Education was free, parents were responsible for their children’s education and schools were mainly private.

o Girls learned skills such as weaving from their mothers and only the boys went to school.

o The educated citizen (developed intellectually, aesthetically, morally, and physically ) (= KALOS KAGATHOS)was the pursuit of the Athenian state.

o For this reason boys (on the first stage: basic knowledge) learned reading, writing, arithmetic, music. On the second stage they did athletics (pentathlon and pagration) and they were taught heroic, instructive, lyric poetry. After the age of 14 Teenagers were taught astronomy, geometry, philosophy, rhetoric in philosophical and rhetorical schools of Athens (such as Plato's Academy, the Lyceum of Aristotle, Isokratis’ rhetoric school)

ANCIENT ATHENS

oAccording to:ohttp://rodamos.gr/?p=2788ohttp://www.myrtis.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=275&Itemid=333&lang=elohttp://www.metaixmio.gr/images/evdoxos/8643M.pdfohttp://www.globalusers.com/globaluser_gr/main/chap18.htm

http://rodamos.gr/?p=2788






http://www.myrtis.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=275&Itemid=333&lang=el




http://www.metaixmio.gr/images/evdoxos/8643M.pdf



http://www.globalusers.com/globaluser_gr/main/chap18.htm



Historical overview of

Greek educational

system

oAccording to: ohttp://www.sikyon.com/sparta/agogi_gr.htmlohttp://www.matia.gr/7/78/7806/7806_4_11.html ohttp://spirit16.blogspot.de/2007/11/blog-post_3666.html

ANCIENT SPARTA

o The Education of children borne by the state of the age of 7. They lived in groups (ageles) and the responsible for each group was paidonomos.

o The most important role played the combination of Fitness and culture of war virtue. Secondly they were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, music and dance.

o Girls’ education was similar and took place in special places

http://www.sikyon.com/sparta/agogi_gr.html







http://www.matia.gr/7/78/7806/7806_4_11.html



http://spirit16.blogspot.de/2007/11/blog-post_3666.html




Historical overview of Greek educational system… Modern Greece (1830…- the new established state-) According to Bouzakis (1991:37-39) & Dimaras (1986:305-306):

the new Greek educational system was organized on the basis of a Conservative education policy, where dominant ideal of education is the imitation of Ancient Greece . This trend was reinforced by the classic romance Munich, with influence by the Bavarian Otto's yard (Otto was the first king of Greece).

This conservative policy, which was unaware of the Modern Greek Actuality, resulted in conflicts between conservatives andprogressive educators and politicians for school problems, educationalreforms and the language issue. In fact, the language issue will evolve into a major problem of Greek education and will pester for more than 100 years.

According to Dimaras(1986:20) &

Evangelopoulos (1987:11-12):What was the

„language issue“??"Language issue“ was called the controversy that erupted in the early of 19th century about which language was the official language of the Greek nation, spoken and written.

The simple spoken (Dimotiki) or scholar written

(Katharevousa)??

This issue preoccupied Greeks for nearly a half century andmany great personalities were involved in this ...

Historical overview of Greek educational system… Modern Greece (1880…- the first educational reform-) According to Dimaras (1986: 246-250) & Fragoudaki (1991: 20-22): In 1880 new economic, social and political data lead to attempts to be applied an urban educational reform.

The new targets were: education for all, turn to positivesciences, adaptation to economic needs of society and preparing students for social and professional life.

But the efforts were unsuccessful, because of the strong reactions which again were tipped the “language issue”. Of course, the real reasons for refusing should be found in the deep crisis, in which Greek society had be fallen.

Historical overview of Greek educational system… Modern Greece (1910 - 1929)According to Dimaras (1986:69-70, 121, 133-155,163-179) & Evangelopoulos (1987:13, 15-16):

In 1910 was founded the “Educational Group” by progressive educators with the purpose of educational demoticism and main representatives of it were Glinos, Delmouzos and Triantafyllidis (the group split in 1927 because of ideological conflict between Delmouzou - Glinou).

In 1913, 1917, 1929 were made new attempts to implement an urban educational reform. All were failed. The reasons for their failure are the reactions by leading layers of the traditional social structure and the fears arising from the action and internationalist program of the Communist Party. The result is to dominate conservative educators who “were helped” by political situations, applying their opinions freely until the decade of 60s

Historical overview of Greek educational system… Modern Greece (the reforms in 1964 and 1976) According to Dimaras (1986:269-274),Evangelopoulos (1987: 27-29,31) &

Bouzakis (1991: 100-104,113-117):

Once 1964 were made serious efforts for a substantial reform in Greek education, but held back by the dictatorship in 1967. After the dictatorship (1976), became a new effort which was based on the previous in 1964. Yet, this reform, although it has the consent of the parties, comes with seats outdated by developments of the time and so naturally fails.

Historical overview of Greek educational system… Modern Greece (the reforms in 1981 and 1985)According to Bouzakis (1991: 124-125) & Chatzistefanidis (1986: 328-340):

The latest project for radical change in modern Greek education began in 1981 and completed in 1985 with the enactment of Law 1566. This reform touches all the internal and external features of Greek education and implements the urban reform pending from the beginning of the century.

The structure of Modern Greek Educational System

According to:http://www.dynot.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&lang=el&id=45http://edu.klimaka.gr/ekpaideytiko-systhma.htmlhttp://1lyk-kranid.arg.sch.gr/grasep/html/ekpaideytiko_sistima.htmlhttp://www.minedu.gov.gr/publications/docs2014/ekpaideutiko_sistima_sxediagramma.pdf

http://www.dynot.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&lang=el&id=45





http://edu.klimaka.gr/ekpaideytiko-systhma.html

http://1lyk-kranid.arg.sch.gr/grasep/html/ekpaideytiko_sistima.html

http://www.minedu.gov.gr/publications/docs2014/ekpaideutiko_sistima_sxediagramma.pdf

o According to:http://www.dynot.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&lang=el&id=45


http://1lykkranid.arg.sch.gr/grasep/html/ekpaideytiko_sistima.html
















oAccording to:http://www.dynot.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&lang=el&id=45

















oAccording to:http://www.dynot.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&lang=el&id=45http://edu.klimaka.gr/ekpaideytiko-systhma.htmlhttp://1lykkranid.arg.sch.gr/grasep/html/ekpaideytiko_sistima.htmlhttp://www.minedu.gov.gr/publications/docs2014/ekpaideutiko_sistima_sxediagramma.pdf










oAccording to:http://www.dynot.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&lang=el&id=45

















oAccording to:http://www.dynot.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&lang=el&id=45http://edu.klimaka.gr/ekpaideytiko-systhma.htmlhttp://1lykkranid.arg.sch.gr/grasep/html/ekpaideytiko_sistima.htmlhttp://www.minedu.gov.gr/publications/docs2014/ekpaideutiko_sistima_sxediagramma.pdf










Teaching and learning stylesTeacher and learner roles

Greek School: teacher

or student centered

?

Greek School: High or

low hierarch

y?

Two school realities

Direct instruction is the most common form of instruction. This is the lecturing method of teaching.

Many teachers use this teaching method almost exclusively, as it is considered the simplest, and you can cover large amounts of material in a short period of time.

However, this is not the most effective teaching method to reach all students, especially younger ones, who often need a more engaging, hands-on strategy in order to learn effectively.

(1)Traditional teaching methods (teacher-centered methods, high hierarchy- teacher puts the rules and students follow them…)According to: http://bepipedo.cti.gr/portal/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=25&Itemid=828

http://utopia.duth.gr/~sypapado/resources/index_htm_files/THEORETICAL%20BACKGROUND_19-25.pdf

http://bepipedo.cti.gr/portal/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=25&Itemid=828









The teacher is the sender or the source and the educational material is the information or message. The student is the receiver of the information which is delivered via the “chalk-and-talk” method. The teacher delivers the lecture content and the students listen to the lecture. The learning mode tends to be passive and the learners play little part in their learning process.

(1)Traditional teaching methods (teacher-centered methods, high hierarchy- teacher puts the rules and students follow them…) According to: http://bepipedo.cti.gr/portal/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=25&Itemid=828










It has been found that the conventional lecture approach in classroom is of limited effectiveness in both teaching and learning because:

this is “one way flow” of informationteachers continuously talk without knowing students’ response and feedbackinsufficient interaction with students in the classroommore emphasis given on theory without any practical and real life time situationslearning from memorization but not understandingmarks rather than result orientated

(1)Traditional teaching methods (teacher-centered methods, high hierarchy- teacher puts the rules and students follow them…)


According to: http://bepipedo.cti.gr/portal/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=25&Itemid=828










Two school realities Cooperative

learning

Project method

(2) Modern-student oriented applications, (active learning involves students and helps them to have an in-depth understanding of the course through induction of practice and inductive teaching repealing the hierarchy between teacher and student, promoting the dialogue and cooperation in the classroom)

Cooperative learningAccording to Matsaggouras(2000:16-31):

Based on theoretical principles and instructional practices of the movement: “new education”

in other words based on student-centered teachings

stresses the importance of student activation and exploratory approach to learning, highlights the democratization and socialization of an autonomous and integrated personality.

Project methodAccording to Chatzidimou, Taratori (2001:115-130):

The project method is a genuine product that emphasizes not so much on cognitive subjects but on the approach procedures building an alternative educational process, open and vibrant

An increasing percentage of teachers choosing the project method as an alternative form of teaching, because they consider it important for the students’ learning and development in order to acquire all these socio-cognitive skills which result from the collective planning, conduct, evaluation and notification of project work.

References (1) Bouzakis Sif., Greek Education (1821-985), Gutenberg,

Athens 1991 Chatzistefanidis I., History of Modern Education,

Papadimas Athens 1986 Chatzidimou, D. & Taratori, E. (2001), The Project

method in school, In J. Pyrgiotakis (ed.), Day School, operation and prospects , Athens: Institute for Educational Books

Dimaras A., The reform was not, Hermes NEB, Athens 1986 Evangelopoulos S., History of Modern Education, Denmark,

Athens 1987 Fragoudaki A., Educational Reform, cedar, Athens 1992 Matsagouras, H., (2000) Teaching and Learning teamwork.

Athens, Gregory.

References (2) http://rodamos.gr/?p=2788 http://www.myrtis.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=275&It

emid=333&lang=el http://www.metaixmio.gr/images/evdoxos/8643M.pdf http://www.globalusers.com/globaluser_gr/main/chap18.htm http://www.sikyon.com/sparta/agogi_gr.html http://www.matia.gr/7/78/7806/7806_4_11.html http://spirit16.blogspot.de/2007/11/blog-post_3666.html http://www.dynot.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&lang=el&id=4

5 http://edu.klimaka.gr/ekpaideytiko-systhma.html http://1lyk-kranid.arg.sch.gr/grasep/html/ekpaideytiko_sistima.html http://www.minedu.gov.gr/publications/docs2014/ekpaideutiko_sistima_sxed

iagramma.pdf http://bepipedo.cti.gr/portal/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&

gid=25&Itemid=828




















Powerpoint: Historical overview of Greek Educational System (from Greek Antiquity to Modern Greece)

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