Volume 82: number 1January–March 2013

Hesperia The Journal of the Amer ic an School of Cl assic al S tudies at Athens

American School of Classical Studies at Athens2013

Special Issue Philhellenism, Philanthropy, or Political Convenience? American Archaeology in Greece

hesperiaTracey Cullen, Editor

Editorial Advisory Board

Carla M. Antonaccio, Duke UniversityAngelos Chaniotis, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton

Jack L. Davis, University of CincinnatiA. A. Donohue, Bryn Mawr College

Jan Driessen, Université Catholique de LouvainMarian H. Feldman, University of California, Berkeley

Gloria Ferrari Pinney, Harvard UniversitySherry C. Fox, American School of Classical Studies at Athens

Thomas W. Gallant, University of California, San DiegoSharon E. J. Gerstel, University of California, Los Angeles

Guy M. Hedreen, Williams CollegeCarol C. Mattusch, George Mason University

Alexander Mazarakis Ainian, University of Thessaly at VolosLisa C. Nevett, University of Michigan

Josiah Ober, Stanford UniversityJohn K. Papadopoulos, University of California, Los Angeles

Jeremy B. Rutter, Dartmouth CollegeA. J. S. Spawforth, Newcastle University

Monika Trümper, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Hesperia is published quarterly by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Founded in 1932 to publish the work of the American School, the jour-nal now welcomes submissions from all scholars working in the fields of Greek archaeology, art, epigraphy, history, materials science, ethnography, and literature, from earliest prehistoric times onward. Hesperia is a refereed journal, indexed in Abstracts in Anthropology, L’Année philologique, Art Index, Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Avery Index to Architectural Periodicals, Current Contents, IBZ: Internationale Bibliographie der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften- literatur, Numismatic Literature, Periodicals Contents Index, Russian Academy of Sciences Bibliographies, and TOCS-IN. The journal is also a member of CrossRef.

The American School of Classical Studies at Athens is a research and teaching institution dedicated to the advanced study of the archaeology, art, history, philosophy, language, and literature of Greece and the Greek world. Established in 1881 by a consortium of nine American universities, the School now serves graduate students and scholars from more than 180 affiliated colleges and uni-versities, acting as a base for research and study in Greece. As part of its mission, the School directs on going excavations in the Athenian Agora and at Corinth and sponsors all other American-led excavations and surveys on Greek soil. It is the official link between American archaeologists and classicists and the Ar-chaeological Service of the Greek Ministry of Culture and, as such, is dedicated to the wise management of cultural resources and to the dissemination of knowl-edge of the classical world. Inquiries about programs or membership in the School should be sent to the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 6–8 Charlton Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-5232.

special issue

Philhel lenism, Philanthropy, or Pol it ica l Convenience ?

American A rchaeolog y in Greece

Jack L . Davis and Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan

G uest Editors

Submissions: Manuscripts and all communications should be addressed to Dr. Tracey Cullen, Editor, Hesperia, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 6–8 Charlton Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540; tel. 609-683-0800; fax 609-924-0578; e-mail tcullen@ascsa.org. One printed copy of the manu-script (including illustrations) should be submitted; original artwork and photo- graphs should not be sent unless prior arrangements are made with the editor. A short abstract summarizing the major conclusions of the article should also be included. Articles are submitted to a double-blind review process and authors are requested to prepare their manuscripts accordingly, without their name or affiliation appearing. The preferred style for manuscript preparation, notes, and bibliography, and other information on submissions can be found on the journal’s website at www.hesperiaonline.org or by writing to ASCSA Publications at the above address.

The American School of Classical Studies at Athens will not knowingly print in Hesperia or any of its other publications the announcement or initial scholarly presentation of any object acquired after December 30, 1970, by any means other than through an officially sanctioned excavation or survey, unless the object was part of a previously existing collection or was legally exported from the country of origin.

Subscriptions: Hesperia is published quarterly. The annual subscription price is $90 for individuals ($100, international), $175 for institutions ($190, interna-tional), and $40 for students ($50, international). Electronic-only subscriptions are also available. To subscribe or change your mailing address, please contact Hesperia, c/o Turpin Distribution, The Bleachery, 143 West Street, New Mil- ford, CT 06776; tel. 860-350-0041; fax 860-350-0039; turpinNA@turpin-distribution.com. All issues of Hesperia are hosted online by JSTOR (www.jstor.org). Back issues are also available for $25 (including postage) from the ASCSA Publications Office in Princeton. Index II and Hesperia Supplements still in print are available from the David Brown Book Company, P.O. Box 511, Oakville, CT 06779; tel. 800-791-9354, 860-945-9329; fax 860-945-9468; or (outside North America) Oxbow Books, 10 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EW, U.K.; tel. +44 (0) 1865-241249; fax +44 (0) 1865-794449. Reprints of out-of-print issues of Hesperia or Hesperia Supplements should be ordered from Absolute Backorder Service, Inc., 475 Washington Street, Wrentham, MA 02093; tel. 508-384-0122; fax 508-384-0097 (www.absolute-inc.com).

Copyright © 2013The American School of Classical Studies at Athens

Printed by Thomson-Shore, Inc., Dexter, Michigan.

Cover illustration: Poster showing the Statue of Liberty behind a personification of Greece, 1919. Photo courtesy J. L. Davis

Periodicals postage paid at Princeton, New Jersey, and at additional mailing offices.

Postmaster: Address changes to: Hesperia c/o Turpin Distribution The Bleachery 143 West Street New Milford, CT 06776 USA

ISSN 0018-098XE-ISSN 1553-5622

Hesperia The Journal of the Amer ic an School of Cl assic al S tudies at Athens

volume 82: number 1 january–march 2013

Jack L. Davis and Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan

Introduction: Philhellenism, Philanthropy, or Political Convenience? 1

Jack L. Davis

The American School of Classical Studies and the Politicsof Volunteerism 15

Elef theria Daleziou

“Adjuster and Negotiator”: Bert Hodge Hill and the Greek Refugee Crisis, 1918–1928 49

David W. Rupp

Mutually Antagonistic Philhellenes: Edward Capps and Bert Hodge Hill at the American School of Classical Studies and Athens College 67

Betse y A. Robinson

Hydraulic Euergetism: American Archaeology and Waterworksin Early-20th-Century Greece 101

Natalia Vogeikoff-Brogan

The Carnegie Appropriations to the American School of Classical Studies: Gifts Wrapped Up in Successful Social Networking 131

Yannis Hamilakis

Double Colonization: The Story of the Excavations of the Athenian Agora (1924–1931) 153

PuBLicatioNs staff

Director of Publications Andrew ReinhardEditor, Hesperia Tracey CullenProduction Manager Sarah George FigueiraManaging Editor Carol A. SteinEditor, Monographs Michael A. FitzgeraldEditor Timothy D. WardellPrint Designer Mary Jane Gavenda

PuBLicatioNs coMMit tEE

Jane B. Carter (Chair) Tulane UniversityR. Brendan Burke University of VictoriaDonald Lateiner Ohio Wesleyan UniversityJeremy J. McInerney University of PennsylvaniaJohn H. Oakley College of William and MaryChristopher Ratté University of MichiganLynn E. Roller University of California, DavisJenifer Neils (ex officio) Case Western Reserve University

content s

Despina Lalaki

Soldiers of Science—Agents of Culture: American Archaeologistsin the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) 179

Niki Sakka

“A Debt to Ancient Wisdom and Beauty”: The Reconstructionof the Stoa of Attalos in the Ancient Agora of Athens 203