ONE HUNDRED MILLIPEDE SPECIES IN SERBIA (ARTHROPODA: MYRIAPODA: DIPLOPODA

Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 65 (4), 1559-1578, 2013 DOI:10.2298/ABS1304559A

1559

ONE HUNDRED MILLIPEDE SPECIES IN SERBIA (ARTHROPODA: MYRIAPODA: DIPLOPODA)

D. Ž. ANTIĆ1, B. P. M. ĆURČIĆ1, V. T. TOMIĆ1, S. B. ĆURČIĆ1, D. Z. STOJANOVIĆ2, B. D. DUDIĆ1 and S. E. MAKAROV1

1 Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia

Abstract – The millipede fauna of Serbia consists of 100 species, 44 genera, 16 families and 7 orders. The most abundant are families Julidae (41 species or 41%) and Polydesmidae (22 species or 22%). Of the total number, 27 species (27%) are endemic to Serbia, while 18 (18%) are endemic to the Balkan Peninsula. All registered species can be related to 15 zoogeo-graphical categories. Glomeris klugii Brandt, 1833 (Glomerida: Glomeridae), Cibiniulus phlepsii (Verhoeff, 1897) (Julida: Blaniulidae), Brachyiulus bagnalli (Brolemann, 1924), Megaphyllum carniolense (Verhoeff, 1897), Typhloiulus incurvatus Verhoeff, 1899, Xestoiulus luteus (Attems, 1951) (all Julida: Julidae), and Polydesmus renschi Schubart, 1934 (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae) represent new records for the diplopod fauna of Serbia.

Key words: Diplopoda, Serbia, fauna, biogeography

INTRODUCTION

The Republic of Serbia occupies the central and northern parts of the Balkan Peninsula and lies at the convergence of three large geotectonic units (three main mountain systems): the Rhodopian mass in the middle, the Carpatho-Balkan mountain system in the east and the Dinaric mountain system in the west. The northern part of Serbia occupies the great Pannonian Plain and river lowlands. Its very complex relief, elevation above sea level, exposure to precipitation, orientation of mountain ranges, atmospheric circulation and proximity to the sea affect the climate of Serbia much more than its geo-graphical position in the south of Europe (Ćurčić, 1998; Makarov et al., 2004). Different climatic con-ditions, geomorphological events in the past, as well as the geographical position of Serbia, have brought

about the appearance of a very diverse fauna, espe-cially Arthropoda.

The myriapod class Diplopoda (Golovatch and Kime, 2009; Sierwald and Bond, 2007) is one of the oldest and most diverse groups of terrestrial animals, with over 12,000 described species and estimated di-versity of more than 80,000 species, as well as fossil records dating from the mid-Silurian and Devonian. This arthropod group inhabits almost all natural zones, except the Arctic and Antarctic deserts and driest deserts (Mikhaljova, 2004), with greatest di-versity in temperate, subtropical and tropical forests (Golovatch and Kime, 2009). The vast majority of species occurs in leaf litter, surface soil layers or dead wood, but they also inhabit caves, high mountains, deeper soil layers, deserts or even more extreme hab-itats (Golovatch and Kime, 2009). Many of those that

1560 D. Ž. ANTIĆ ET AL.

dwell in atypical habitats (especially high mountains and caves) are endemic. Because of their great diver-sity, geological age and low vagility, millipedes are important biogeographical indicators (Hopkin and Read, 1992). Most of them are detritivores, feeding on decaying plant material, and they play very im-portant roles in soil-forming processes (Mikhaljova, 2004).

The first data on millipede fauna in Serbia can be found in Latzel’s works from the late 19th century, where he reported two (Latzel, 1882), and later seven (Latzel, 1884) species. After that, in papers about myriapods from Albania and Yugoslavia (1929) and from caves on the Balkan Peninsula (1959), Attems quoted 13 and 33 species of millipedes from Serbia, respectively. More detailed data on the distribution of this group in Serbia were given by Karl Strasser (1971). In “Catalogus Faunae Jugoslaviae” he intro-duced 47 species and subspecies of these arthro-pods. Describing new forms, the list was extended to 53 taxa by Mršić (1985) and subsequently to 70 by Ćurčić et al. (2002). The last taxonomic survey of Serbian millipede fauna was given by Makarov et al. (2004) in a monograph: “The Diplopods of Serbia, Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia”, where they stated that 80 species of diplopods inhabit the territory of Serbia.

In the last decade, intensive and extensive field studies have resulted in the discovery and descrip-tion of numerous taxa new to science (Antić et al., 2013; Ćurčić et al., 2005, 2007, 2008; Makarov, 2008, 2008a; Makarov et al., 2005, 2008, 2012, 2013; Sekulić et al., 2013;), as well as the finding of taxa new to Serbian fauna (Makarov et al., 2004; Makarov and Tomić, 2011; present study), so the number of mil-lipede species from Serbia now stands at 100.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This paper represents a checklist of diplopods from Serbia based on literature records as well as on un-published data. For species given in the last survey of millipedes in Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004) only a rough distribution is given, with few exceptions. Pre-

cise localities are cited and distributional maps given for species that are new to the Serbian list of milli-pedes (species described as new to science after 2004, published and unpublished new records, as well as species with changed status: for the last mentioned remarks were given); these species are marked with an asterisk (*) in front of the scientific name. Geo-graphic affiliations are given for all species occurring in the territory of Serbia.

The following abbreviations are used for zooge-ographical categories: CAB – Carpathian-Balkan; CEE – Central-East European; CES – Central-East-Southeast European; CEU – Central European; CSE – Central-Southeast European; CWE – Central-West-East European; CWS – Central-West-South-east European; DIN – Dinaric; ESE – East-Southeast European; EUR – European; HOL – Holarctic; MED – Mediterranean; NME – North Mediterranean; SEE – Southeast European; SEU – South European.

To illustrate the distribution and cartography of millipedes from Serbia we used the UTM system. The map records the presence of the species in 10 km squares of the UTM grid. Sites for all 24 species new to the Serbian millipede list are presented by number or symbol. A circled number on the map or numbers next to a symbol in the map legend correspond to the ordinal number of a species in a checklist.

CHECKLIST OF DIPLOPODA FROM SERBIA

Order POLYXENIDA

Family POLYXENIDAE

Polyxenus lagurus 1. (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 1a)

Distribution in Serbia: Widespread (Makarov et al., 2004; present study)

Chorotype: HOL

Order GLOMERIDA

Family GLOMERIDAE

ONE HUNDRED MILLIPEDE SPECIES IN SERBIA (ARTHROPODA: MYRIAPODA: DIPLOPODA) 1561

Map 1. Distribution of millipede representatives new to the Serbian diplopod list since last taxonomic survey (see Makarov et al., 2004).


Fig. 1. Some representatives of millipede fauna from Serbia. a) Polyxenida: Polyxenus lagurus (Linnaeus, 1758), photo by D. Antić, b) Glomerida: Hyleoglomeris faberi Makarov et al., 2013, photo by D. Antić, c) Polyzoniida: Polyzonium germanicum Brandt, 1837, photo by D. Antić, d) Callipodida: Apfelbeckia insculpta (L. Koch, 1867), photo by D. Antić, e) Chordeumatida: Perunosoma trojanicum Ćurčić and Makarov, 2007, photo by D. Antić, f) Julida: Serboiulus deelemani Strasser, 1971, photo by D. Antić, g) Julida: Cibiniulus phlepsii (Verhoeff, 1897), photo by M. Šćiban, h) Polydesmida: Brachydesmus avalae Ćurčić and Makarov, 1997, photo by D. Antić.


Glomeris hexasticha2. Brandt, 1833

Distribution in Serbia: Widespread (Makarov et al., 2004; present study).

Chorotype: CES

*Glomeris klugii3. Brandt, 1833

Material examined – two males and seven females from the village of Izbice, near Novi Pazar, collected during 2012 by D. Z. Stojanović; one male from the village of Bratljevo, near Ivanjica; August, 1998; four males and three females from Suvodolina, village of Štitkovo, near Ivanjica; September, 2003; one female from the Lovačka česma, Mt. Javor; May 27, 2009; three males and two females from the Ćetanica Pla-teau, near Prijepolje, August 4, 2012, collected by members of the Biological Research Society “Josif Pančič”, Belgrade.

Distribution in Serbia: Southwest Serbia (Map 1).

Chorotype: CWS

New record.

Glomeris pustulata4. Latreille, 1804

Distribution in Serbia: East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004; present study).

Chorotype: CSE

Haploglomeris multistriata5. (C. L. Koch, 1844)

Distribution in Serbia: West and Southwest Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004; present study).

Chorotype: CSE

*Hyleoglomeris faberi6. Makarov et al., 2013 (Fig. 1b)

Literature record: Type material – Holotype male, allotype female, five paratype males, four para-

type females and two paratype juveniles, from the Kovačevića Pećina Cave, village of Cerova, near Krupanj, July 28, 2011; collected by D. Ž. Antić and J. Kulačić (Makarov et al., 2013).

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type local-ity, West Serbia (Map 1).

Chorotype: DIN

Endemic Serbian species.

Onychoglomeris herzogowinensis7. (Verhoeff, 1898)

Distribution in Serbia: South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: SEE

Endemic Balkan species.

Trachysphaera costata8. (Waga, 1857)


Chorotype: CES

Trachysphaera lobotarsus9. (Attems, 1943)

Distribution in Serbia: Southwest Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: DIN


Family GLOMERIDELLIDAE

Typhloglomeris ljubetensis10. (Attems, 1929)


Chorotype: DIN



Order POLYZONIIDA

Family POLYZONIIDAE

Polyzonium germanicum11. Brandt, 1837 (Fig. 1c)

Distribution in Serbia: Southwest and South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004); East, West and North Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: EUR

Order CALLIPODIDA

Family DORYPETALIDAE

Dorypetalum degenerans12. (Latzel, 1884)

Distribution in Serbia: East and South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CSE

Family SCHIZOPETALIDAE

*Apfelbeckia insculpta13. (L. Koch, 1867) (Fig. 1d)

Literature records: Popova Pećina Cave, village of Seljane, near Prijepolje; Tatašnjica Cave, Gornja Trešnjica, Tara Mt; West Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Material examined: numerous specimens from caves in West and Southwest Serbia (present study).

Remarks: Makarov et al. (2004) quoted two species of Apfelbeckia Verhoeff, 1896 inhabiting territory of Serbia: A. subterranea Verhoeff, 1943 and A. wohl-beredti Verhoeff, 1909. These two and most of the other previously described species and subspecies of this genus have been synonymized under A. in-sculpta by Stoev and Enghoff (2008).

Distribution in Serbia: West and Southwest Serbia (Map 1).

Chorotype: DIN


Callipodella fasciata14. (Latzel, 1883)

Distribution in Serbia: South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004)

Chorotype: SEE


Dischizopetalum illyricum15. (Latzel, 1884)

Distribution in Serbia: North Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004); East and Southwest Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: SEE

Order CHORDEUMATIDA

Family ANTHROLEUCOSOMATIDAE

*Belbogosoma bloweri16. Ćurčić and Makarov, 2008

Literature record: Type material – Holotype male from Gornja Lenovačka Pećina Cave, village of Len-ovac, near Zaječar, Mt. Tupižnica, March 18, 2000, collected by S. Ognjenović; paratype juvenile male, October 31, 1998, collected by S. Ognjenović (Ćurčić et al., 2008).

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type local-ity, East Serbia (Map 1).

Chorotype: CAB


*Dazbogosoma naissi17. Makarov and Ćurčić, 2012


Literature record: Type material – Holotype male, two paratype males and one paratype juvenile from the Cerjanska Propast Cave, village of Cerje, near Niš, October 17, 2010, collected by Iva Njunjić (Makarov et al., 2012).


Chorotype: CAB

Endemic Serbian species

*Perunosoma trojanicum18. Ćurčić and Makarov, 2007 (Fig 1e)

Literature record: Type material – Holotype male, al-lotype female, two paratype males, and three para-type juveniles from the Prekonoška Pećina Cave, vil-lage of Prekonoga, near Svrljig, July 7, 1998, collected by S. Ognjenović (Ćurčić et al., 2007).

Material examined: Topotype material – two females, September 11 – October 27, 2004 (Barber traps), collected by S. Ognjenović; three females and one juvenile, June 25, 2012, collected by D. Ž. Antić; six males, five females and five juveniles, June 25 – Sep-tember 23, 2012 (Barber traps), collected by D. Ž. Antić; one female and seven juveniles, September 23 – December 2, 2012 (Barber traps), collected by D. Ž. Antić; seven males and five females, December 2, 2012 – May 28, 2013 (Barber traps), collected by D. Ž. Antić. Other material – one female from the Go-lema Dupka Cave, village of Prekonoga, near Svrljig, May 28, 2013, collected by D. Ž. Antić.

Distribution in Serbia: East Serbia (Map 1).

Chorotype: CAB


Serbosoma beljanicae19. (Ćurčić and Makarov, 1998)

Distribution in Serbia: known only from two caves

on Mt. Beljanica, East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CAB


Serbosoma crucis20. (Strasser, 1960)

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type lo-cality, Ravanička pećina Cave, village of Senje, near Ćuprija, East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CAB


Serbosoma kucajensis21. (Ćurčić and Makarov, 1998)

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type local-ity, Resavska Pećina Cave, village of Jelovac, near Despotovac, Mt. Kučaj, East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CAB


Serbosoma lazarevensis22. (Ceuca, 1964)

Distribution in Serbia: known from a few caves on Mt. Kučaj, East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004; present study).

Chorotype: CAB


Serbosoma zagubicae23. (Ćurčić and Makarov, 1998)

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type local-ity, Stogrina Pećina Cave, village of Suvi Do, near Žagubica, Beljanica Mt., East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).


Chorotype: CAB


Svarogosoma bozidarcurcici24. Makarov, 2003

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type locali-ty, Savina Propast Cave, Mali Trem, Mt. Suva Planina (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CAB


Family CHORDEUMATIDAE

Melogona broelemanni25. (Verhoeff, 1897)

Distribution in Serbia: North and South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004); East Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: CSE

Family CRASPEDOSOMATIDAE

Craspedosoma transsylvanicum26. (Verhoeff, 1897)

Distribution in Serbia: North, East and Central Ser-bia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CSE

Dyocerasoma drimicum27. Mršić, 1985

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type local-ity, Beli Drim, South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004)

Chorotype: DIN


Dyocerasoma lignivorum28. (Verhoeff, 1899)

Distribution in Serbia: Užice, Mt. Tara, West Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004)

Chorotype: SEE

Family HAASEIDAE

*Haasea guidononveilleri29. Makarov, 2008

Literature records: Type material – Holotype male, allotype female and one paratype juvenile from Jama Tupižnička Ledenica Pit, 1060 m, Mt. Tupižnica, near Zaječar, May 14, 2004, collected by S. Ognjenović. Other material – two males, two females and one juvenile from Jezava Cave System, Kalafat, village of Kopajkošara, near Niš, May 11 – October 19, 2005 (Barber traps with rotten meat and 9% solution of vinegar), collected by S. Ognjenović; one female and three juveniles from Samar–Veliki Pešter Cave Sys-tem, Kalafat, village of Kopajkošara, near Niš, May 5 – October 19, 2005 (Barber traps), collected by S. Ognjenović (Makarov, 2008a).


Chorotype: CAB


*Haasea intermedia30. Mršić, 1985

Literature record: Golubinja reka, Đerdap, July 21, 1967, collected by Velika Tomić-Jovanović (Mršić, 1985).


Chorotype: CAB


Remarks: Mršić described this taxon as subspe-cies H. lacusnigri intermedia Mršić, 1985. Makarov et al., (2004) did not include this subspecies in the list of Serbian diplopods due to its uncertain taxo-nomic status. After revision of the “lacusnigri” group, Makarov (2008a) stated that this taxon deserves a full specific level.


*Haasea microcorna31. Strasser, 1971

Literature records: Type material – Holotype male, three paratype males and one paratype female from Ušak Cave System, near Sjenica, Sjenica-Pešter Pla-teau Serbia, 950 m, July 5, 1970, collected by E. Pret-ner (Strasser, 1971a). Topotype material – 10 males and 10 females, May 30 – August 30, 2002, collected by D. Pavićević and S. Ognjenović. Other material – 11 males and 10 females from the Baždarska Pećina Cave (entrance at 1075 m), village of Ursule, near Sjenica, Serbia, May 28 – August 29, 2002, collected by D. Pavićević and S. Ognjenović; four males and five females from the Tubića Pećina Cave (chasm entrance at 1020 m), village of Tubići, near Sjenica, Serbia, May 28 – August 30, 2002, collected by D. Pavićević and S. Ognjenović (Makarov, 2008a).


Chorotype: DIN


Remarks: In “Über Diplopoden Jugoslawiens”, Strass-er (1971a) described this taxon as subspecies Haa-sea lacusnigri microcornum Strasser, 1971. Makarov et al., (2004) did not include this subspecies in the list of Serbian diplopods due to the uncertain taxo-nomic status. After revision of the “lacusnigri” group, Makarov (2008a) stated that this taxon deserves a full specific level.

Haasea plasana32. (Verhoeff, 1899)

Distribution in Serbia: Petrova Ravan Plateau, Mt. Kopaonik, Central Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: DIN


Family MASTIGOPHOROPHYLLIDAE

Mastigona bosniensis33. (Verhoeff, 1897)

Distribution in Serbia: East and Central Ser-bia (Makarov et al., 2004); North Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: CES

Order JULIDA

Family BLANIULIDAE

*Cibiniulus phlepsii34. (Verhoeff, 1897) (Fig 1g)

Material examined: two juveniles from Novi Sad, bank of the river Danube, April 5, 2013, collected by M. Šćiban; three males, three females and six juve-niles from same place, May 24, 2013, collected by D. Ž. Antić and M. Šćiban.

Distribution in Serbia: North Serbia (Map 1).

Chorotype: CEE

New record.

*Nopoiulus kochii35. (Gervais, 1847)

Literature record: 18 females and six males from the Velika Balanica Cave, village of Sićevo, near Niš, December 6, 2005 (Barber traps), collected by S. Ognjenović (Makarov and Tomić, 2011).

Material examined: 13 females, one male and three juveniles from the Velika Balanica Cave, village of Sićevo, near Niš, May 29, 2013, collected by D. Ž. Antić; one female from the Mala Balanica Cave, vil-lage of Sićevo, near Niš, May 29, 2013, collected by D. Ž. Antić.

Distribution in Serbia: East Serbia.

Chorotype: EUR

Family JULIDAE


Acanthoiulus fuscipes36. (C. L. Koch, 1847)


Chorotype: NME

*37. Brachyiulus bagnalli (Brolemann, 1924)

Material examined: one male from the Nature Park “Stara Tisa”, Bačko Gradište, near Bečej, March 2013, collected by M. Šćiban.

Distribution in Serbia: North Serbia (Map 1).

Chorotype: CSE

New record.

Chromatoiulus podabrus38. (Latzel, 1884)

Distribution in Serbia: South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004; present study).

Chorotype: NME

Cylindroiulus boleti39. (C. L. Koch, 1847)

Distribution in Serbia: North, Central and South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004); East Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: CES

Cylindroiulus luridus40. (C. L. Koch, 1847)

Distribution in Serbia: Central Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CSE

Enantiulus nanus41. (Latzel, 1884)

Distribution in Serbia: North, Central and South Ser-bia (Makarov et al., 2004); Southwest Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: EUR

Julus terrestris42. Linnaeus, 1758

Distribution in Serbia: North, Central and Southwest Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004); North Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: CEE

*Lamellotyphlus belevodae43. Makarov, 2008

Literature record: Type material – Holotype male, four paratype males and five paratype females from the Bele Vode Cave, Iron Gate National Park, Mt. Miroč, July 26, 2004, collected by members of the “Endemit” Ecological Society, Belgrade. Non-types: fragments of two males and four females, same place, date, and collectors, taken together with holotype (Makarov et al., 2008).


Chorotype: CAB


Lamellotyphlus sotirovi44. Makarov et al., 2002

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type locali-ty, Buronov Ponor Cave, village of Štrbac, Mt. Miroč, East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CAB


Leptoiulus ivanjicae45. Ćurčić and Makarov, 1997

Distribution in Serbia: Southwest Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004; present study)

Chorotype: DIN



Leptoiulus macedonicus46. (Attems, 1927)


Chorotype: SEE


Leptoiulus sarajevensis47. Verhoeff, 1898

Distribution in Serbia: North, West and South Ser-bia (Makarov et al., 2004); East and Southwest Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: SEE


Leptoiulus simplex48. (Verhoeff, 1894)

Distribution in Serbia: Southwest Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CWE

Leptoiulus trilineatus49. (C. L. Koch, 1847)


Chorotype: CSE

Megaphyllum austriacum50. (Latzel, 1884)

Distribution in Serbia: North, Central and East Ser-bia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: SEU

Megaphyllum bosniense51. (Verhoeff, 1897)

Distribution in Serbia: North, Southwest and South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CSE

*Megaphyllum carniolense52. (Verhoeff, 1897)

Material examined: one male from Serbian part of Mt. Prokletije, August 3, 1996, collected by N. Živić.

Distribution in Serbia: South Serbia (Map 1).

Chorotype: SEE


New record.

Megaphyllum crassum53. (Attems, 1929)


Chorotype: DIN


Megaphyllum dentatum54. (Verhoeff, 1898)


Chorotype: SEE


*Megaphyllum montivagum 55. (Verhoeff, 1901)

Literature record: village of Kruščica, near Arilje (Makarov et al., 2004)

Distribution in Serbia: West Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: SEE


Remarks: In the last taxonomic survey of Serbian millipedes (Makarov et al., 2004), the list contained M. macedonicum (Strasser, 1976), now a synonym


for M. montivagum (Lazányi et al., 2012).

Megaphyllum platyurum56. (Latzel, 1884)

Distribution in Serbia: North Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CEU

Megaphyllum transsylvanicum57. (Verhoeff, 1897)

Distribution in Serbia: North Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CES

Megaphyllum unilineatum58. (C. L. Koch, 1838)

Distribution in Serbia: North and East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004); East and Southwest Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: CSE

Ommatoiulus sabulosus59. (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution in Serbia: North and South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004); Southwest Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: EUR

Ophyiulus curvipes60. (Verhoeff, 1898)

Distribution in Serbia: East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CSE

Pachyiulus cattarensis61. (Latzel, 1884)

Distribution in Serbia: North and South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004); Southwest and East Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: SEU

Pachyiulus hungaricus62. (Karsch, 1881)


Chorotype: SEE

Pachyiulus varius63. (Fabricius, 1781)


Chorotype: MED

*Serboiulus deelemani64. Strasser, 1971 (Fig. 1f)

Literature records: Type material – Holotype male, six paratype males, nine paratype females and three paratype juveniles from the Vetrena Dupka Cave, vil-lage of Vlasi, near Pirot, July 22, 1967, collected by E. Pretner and P. R. Deeleman (Strasser, 1971a). To-potype material – nine males, October 16, 2001, col-lected by D. Pavićević (Makarov et al., 2005). Other material – one male from the Držinska Pećina Cave, village of Držina, near Pirot, same date and collectors as for type material (Strasser, 1971a).

Material examined: Topotype material – six males, six females and two juvenile males, September 25, 2012, collected by D. Ž. Antić; four males, three females and two juveniles, December 12, 2012, collected by D. Ž. Antić and Đ. Marković.


Chorotype: CAB


Remarks: This taxon was described by Strasser (1971a) as a subspecies S. lucifugus deelemani. Be-cause of its uncertain status, Makarov et al. (2004) did not include this taxon in the list of Serbian mil-lipedes. After revision of the genus Serboiulus Strass-er, 1962, this subspecies was elevated to full specific level by Makarov et al. (2005).


*Serboiulus kresnik65. Makarov, 2013

Literature record: Type material – Holotype male, al-lotype female, two paratype males and nine paratype females from the Gornja Lenovačka Pećina Cave, village of Lenovac, near Zaječar, Mt. Tupižnica, June 26, 2012, collected by D. Ž. Antić and S. B. Ćurčić (Sekulić et al., 2013).


Chorotype: CAB


Serboiulus lucifugus66. Strasser, 1962

Distribution in Serbia: known only from a few caves on Mt. Svrljiške Planine, East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004; present study).

Chorotype: CAB


Typhloiulus albanicus67. Attems, 1929

Distribution in Serbia: East and South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: SEE


*Typhloiulus incurvatus68. Verhoeff, 1899

Material examined: one male from the Rešitova Pećina Cave, Hamidova Vrtača Sinkhole, village of Doliće, Pešterska Visoravan Plateau, August 28, 2005, collected by B. P. M. Ćurčić and S. B. Ćurčić.


Chorotype: DIN


New record.

Typhloiulus nevoi69. Makarov et al., 2002

Distribution in Serbia: few caves in Odorovci Karst Field, East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004; present study).

Chorotype: CAB


*Typhloiulus serborum70. Ćurčić and Makarov, 2005

Literature record: Type material – Holotype male and paratype male from the Izviđačka Pećina Cave, Canyon of Suvaja, Resava River, Mt. Beljanica, July 2 – July 5, 1992 (Barber traps), collected by I. Karaman (Ćurčić et al., 2005).

Material examined: Other material – one male from Samar-Veliki Pešter Cave System, Kalafat, village of Kopajkošara, near Niš, June 26, 2012, collected by D. Ž. Antić; one male from same place, December 2, 2012, collected by D. Ž. Antić; two males from same place, October 20, 2005, collected by S. Ognjenović; one male and two females from Modro Bučje, Svrljiške Planine Mt., 1100 m, near Svrljig, May 13, 2005, collected by D. Pavićević; one male from the Devojačka Pećina Cave (Gaura Fećilor), village of Podgorac, near Boljevac, May 27, 2012, collected by S. B. Ćurčić and D. Ž. Antić.


Chorotype: CAB


Typhloiulus strictus71. (Latzel, 1882)

Distribution in Serbia: North and East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).


Chorotype: CAB

Unciger foetidus72. (C. L. Koch, 1838)

Distribution in Serbia: North, West and South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: EUR

Unciger transsilvanicum73. (Verhoeff, 1899)


Chorotype: CES

Xestoiulus fontisherculis74. (Verhoeff, 1899)

Distribution in Serbia: East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004; present study).

Chorotype: SEE

Xestoiulus imbecilus75. (Latzel, 1884)

Distribution in Serbia: East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CES

*Xestoiulus luteus76. (Attems, 1951)

Material examined: one male and two females from the village of Virovo, near Arilje, August 23, 1998; one female from the village of Lis, near Guča, August, 1998; five males and 18 females from the village of Močioce, near Ivanjica, August, 1998; one male and five females from the village of Izbice, near Novi Pa-zar, October 18, 2012, collected by D. Z. Stojanović.


Chorotype: DIN


Remarks: To our knowledge, this is the second record of this species after original description.

New record.

Family NEMASOMATIDAE

Nemasoma varicorne77. C. L. Koch, 1847

Distribution in Serbia: North and South Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: EUR

Order POLYDESMIDA

Family PARADOXOSOMATIDAE

Strongylosoma stigmatosum78. (Eichwald, 1830)

Distribution in Serbia: North, East and West Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CES

Family POLYDESMIDAE

*Brachydesmus attemsii79. Verhoeff, 1895

Literature record: one male and three females from the Petrova Ravan, Mt. Kopaonik, August 20, 2002 – July 23, 2003 (Barber traps), collected by D. Pavićević (Makarov et al., 2004a).

Material examined: one male from the Jelenja Pro-past Jama Pit, December 8, 2006, collected by S. Ognjenović; one male found between the village of Božetići and the village of Štitkovo (without precise locality), near Ivanjica, May 2, 2003.

Distribution in Serbia: East, Central and Southwest Serbia (Map 1).

Chorotype: CSE


Brachydesmus avalae80. Ćurčić and Makarov, 1997 (Fig. 1h)

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type local-ity, Mt. Avala, near Belgrade (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: SEE


Brachydesmus dadayi81. Verhoeff, 1895

Distribution in Serbia: North Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004); North and East Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: CSE

*Brachydesmus femoralis82. Makarov, 2008

Literature record: Type material – Holotype male, allotype female, 34 paratype males and 55 paratype females from the Bezimena Pećina Cave, village of Šljivovica, Mt. Tara, May 7, 2003, collected by S. Ognjenović (Makarov, 2008).

Material examined: Other material – one male and two females from the Mlađenovića Megara Cave, vil-lage of Stapari, near Užice, June 1, 2003.

Distribution in Serbia: West Serbia (Map 1).

Chorotype: DIN


Brachydesmus herzogowinensis83. Verhoeff, 1897

Distribution in Serbia: West, Southwest, South Ser-bia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: SEE


Brachydesmus jalzici84. Mršić, 1988

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type local-ity, a cave in the village of Duš, near Klina, South Ser-bia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: DIN


Brachydesmus ljubetensis85. Attems, 1912


Chorotype: DIN


Brachydesmus pancici86. Makarov and Ćurčić, 2004

Distribution in Serbia: known only from type local-ity, Petrova Ravan Plataeu, Mt. Kopaonik, Central Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: DIN


Brachydesmus polydesmoides87. Verhoeff, 1895


Chorotype: SEE

*Brachydesmus sjenicae88. Makarov and Antić, 2013

Literature record: Type material – Holotype male, al-lotype female and two paratype juveniles from the Ledena Pećina Cave (part of Ušak Cave System), vil-lage of Ušak, near Sjenica, Pešterska Visoravan Pla-teau, October 1, 2012, collected by M. Petković and one paratype male from same place, May 23, 2012, collected by D. Stojanović (Antić et al., 2013).



Chorotype: DIN


Brachydesmus subterraneus89. Heller, 1857


Chorotype: CSE

Brachydesmus troglobius90. Dadayi, 1889

Distribution in Serbia: East and West Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004); North Serbia (present study).

Chorotype: CSE

Polydesmus collaris91. C. L. Koch, 1847


Chorotype: CSE

Polydesmus complanatus92. (Linnaeus, 1761)


Chorotype: EUR

Polydesmus denticulatus93. C. L. Koch, 1847


Chorotype: EUR

Polydesmus edentulus94. C. L. Koch, 1847

Distribution in Serbia: North and Central Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CSE

Polydesmus ignoratus95. Ceuca, 1964

Distribution in Serbia: West and Central Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: DIN


Polydesmus mediterraneus96. Daday, 1889

Distribution in Serbia: West and East Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: ESE

*Polydesmus renschi97. Schubart, 1934

Material examined: three males and two females from the village of Temska, near Pirot, Mt. Stara Planina, June 2, 2011, collected by D. Ž. Antić.


Chorotype: CAB

New record.

Polydesmus schaessburgensis98. Verhoeff, 1898

Distribution in Serbia: North and Northeast Serbia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: CEE

99. Polydesmus subscabratus Latzel, 1884

Distribution in Serbia: North, East and Central Ser-bia (Makarov et al., 2004).

Chorotype: SEE

Polydesmus undeviginti100. Strasser, 1971



Chorotype: DIN


From the new millipede list we have excluded Glomeris tetrasticha Brandt, 1833 because of its obvi-ous misidentification.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The millipede fauna of Serbia is represented by a total of 100 species belonging to 44 genera and 16 families. This number of species represents nearly 7% of Eu-ropean and approximately 15% of Balkan millipede fauna. In comparison with neighboring countries, more species have been recorded from Croatia (175), Slovenia (169), Romania (166), Greece (143), Bosnia and Herzegovina (128), Bulgaria (120), and Hungary

(103) (Bogyó et al., 2012; Ceuca, 1992; Mršić, 1994; Strasser, 1971; Stoev, 2007); but fewer species are known from Montenegro (69), Macedonia (61) and Albania (53) (Ceuca, 1992; Makarov et al., 2004).

The families with the greatest number of species are Julidae (41 species or 41%), Polydesmidae (22 species or 22%), Anthroleucosomatidae (9 species or 9%), and Glomeridae (8 species or 8%). Other fami-lies are represented by less than five species (Fig. 2). The most diverse genera are Brachydesmus (12 spe-cies), Polydesmus (10 species), Megaphyllum (9 spe-cies), Leptoiulus (5 species), Typhloiulus (5 species) and Serbosoma (5 species).

The following species are recorded for the first time in Serbia: Glomeris klugii Brandt, 1833 (Glom-erida: Glomeridae), Cibiniulus phlepsii (Verhoeff, 1897) (Julida: Blaniulidae), Brachyiulus bagnalli (Brolemann, 1924), Megaphyllum carniolense (Ver-hoeff, 1897), Typhloiulus incurvatus Verhoeff, 1899,

Fig. 2. Millipede families from Serbia with number of species.


Xestoiulus luteus (Attems, 1951) (all Julida: Julidae) and Polydesmus renschi Schubart, 1934 (Polydesmi-da: Polydesmidae).

All millipede species from Serbia can be rel-egated to 15 zoogeographical categories (Fig. 3), whereby most of the species belong to Carpathian-Balkan (20), Dinaric (18), Central-Southeast Euro-pean (17) and Southeast European (16) chorotypes. Other chorotypes are presented by less than 10 spe-cies (Fig. 3).

Of the total number, 27 species (or 27%) are lo-cal endemics while 18 (18%) are Balkan endemics, which means that 45 species inhabit the Balkan Pe-ninsula only. Among the 44 genera, five (or 11.36%) are endemic for Serbia.

If we take into account the fact that the territory of the Balkan Peninsula (including Serbia) represents one of the three major glacial refugia in Europe, and the fact that the current number of millipede spe-cies in Serbia represents only a small part of the total number of millipedes in Europe, we can expect that

the number of species of this arthropod group in Ser-bia will be much higher in the future. Numerous spe-cies and genera registered in neighboring countries populate different habitats very close to the border with Serbia, so it is expected that some of these taxa will be found on the territory of Serbia. In addition, many parts of Serbia (especially Vojvodina, Central, South and Southeast Serbia) are almost completely unexplored in terms of millipede fauna. The karst areas of Eastern and Western Serbia are very rich in subterranean habitats inhabited by numerous species and genera that are waiting to be discovered.

Acknowledgments – This work was supported by the Ser-bian Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant 173038). We are grateful to Marko Šćiban from Novi Sad and Dr. Nebojša Živić from Priština for sending us some of the specimens considered in the study.

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ONE HUNDRED MILLIPEDE SPECIES IN SERBIA (ARTHROPODA: MYRIAPODA: DIPLOPODA

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