On Belle Dame and Persian Romance

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ȦȚ ȞȷȽȴȺȽȽ π ρϢϗϜϢϒϣϟϠϛ ζϒϞϗ Ϛ ϡϗϢϣϚϖϣϜϠϞ ϢϠϞϒϟϗ ςϕ ϤϥϝϡϚϥϚ ϢϚϦϟϣϠϱϟϝϪ ϢϕϝϖϣϠϚϚ ϤϣϤϨϠϴϥϢϰϪ ϗ ϤϚϥϦϝϙϦϟϣϞ ϠϝϧϚϥϕϧϨϥϚ ϦϳϛϚϧϣϗ ϗϣϭϚϙϭϝϪ ϗ ϟϨϠϱϧϨϥ ϢϰϞ ϩϣϢϙ ϡϢϣϘϝϪ Ϣϕϥϣϙϣϗ ϟϕϟ ηϣϦϧϣϟϕ ϝ μϕϤϕϙϕ ϕϗϧϣϥ ϥϕϦϦϡϕϧϥϝϗϕϚϧ ϧϕϟϣϚ ϴϗϠϚϢϝϚ ϗ ϦϥϕϗϢϝϧϚϠϱϢϣϡ ϠϝϧϚ ϥϕϧϨϥϣϗϚϙϚϢϝϝ ϟϕϟ ϡϚϛϧϚϟϦϧϨϕϠϱϢϣϦϧϱ ϗϰϪϣϙϴ Ϝϕ ϥϕϡϟϝ ϦϣϖϦϧϗϚϢϢϣ ϠϝϧϚϥϕϧϨϥϢϰϪ ϧϚϟϦϧϣϗ ϗϗϣϙϴ ϡϕϧϚϥϝϕϠϰ ϝϜ ϙϥϨϘϝϪ ϣϖϠϕϦϧϚϞ ϟϨϠϱϧϨϥϰ ϣϧ ϦϥϚϙϢϚϗϚϟϣϗϱϴ ϙϣ ϢϕϭϝϪ ϙϢϚϞ ϣϧ ϝϜϣϖϥϕϜϝϧϚϠϱϢϣϘϣ ϙϣ ϖϕϠϚϧϢϣϘϣ ϝϦϟϨϦ Ϧϧϗϕ σϦϢϣϗϢϣϚ ϗϢϝϡϕϢϝϚ ϨϙϚϠϚϢϣ ϧϕϟϝϡ ϦϳϛϚϧϕϡ ϟϕϟ ϤϣϠϚϧ Ϣϕ ϢϚϖϚϦϕ ϝ ϝϦϦϠϚϙϣϗϕϢϝϚ ϣϟϚϕϢϦϟϝϪ ϘϠϨϖϝϢ ϡϴϧϚϛϢϰϡ ϫϕϥϚϡ ϗ ϜϕϤϕϙϢϰϪ ϝ ϗϣϦϧϣϬϢϰϪ ϗϚϥϦϝϴϪ Σρογπγ ρδ Γξθντγπησθ Ϋγψπγοθ ϝ Ιλυλμ οφτφξϏογπ τνλψ τεϒυώψ ϝϦϧϣϥϝϝ Ϡϳϖϗϝ ϝ ϢϚϢϕϗϝϦϧϝ ϡϕϬϚϪϝϖϣϘϕϧϣϞ ϕϥϝϦϧϣϟϥϕϧϟϝ ϟ ϦϗϣϚϡϨ ϤϕϦϰϢϟϨϥϕϖϨ ϝϜ ϕϢϧϝϬϢϣ ϘϣϖϝϖϠϚϞϦϟϣϟϣϥϕϢϝϬϚϦϟϣϘϣ ϥϕϦϦϟϕϜϕ ϣ ωϚϙϥϚτϣϧϝϩϕϥϣϗϣϞ ϛϚϢϚφϨϙϕϖϚμϨϠϚϞϪϚ ζϕϪϥϕϡ θϨϥϚ ϝ ϚϘϣ ϥϕϖϰ ϢϚϠϳϧϢϝϦϧϟϚ ϝ ϥϕϡϣϬϢϣϘϣ ϦϳϛϚϧϕ ϝϜ Τνγκρν Υώτϒϊλ λ Ρηπρμ Πρϊλ γ ϝϡϚϢϢϣ ϝϦϧϣϥϝϝ ϣ ύϕϪϚϥϚϜϕϙϚ ϝ ιϕϡϚ ϝϜ φϧϚϟϠϴϢϢϣϘϣ Ϡϕϥϫϕ φϧϕϧϱϴ ϧϕϟϛϚ ϦϣϙϚϥϛϝϧ ϥϕϜϡϰϭϠϚϢϝϴ ϕϗϧϣϥϕ Ϣϕ ϣϦϢϣϗϚ ϦϣϗϥϚϡϚϢϢϰϪ ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ ϝϦϧϣϬϢϝϟϣϗ ϝ ϢϣϗϚϞ ϭϝϪ ϚϗϥϣϤϚϞϦϟϝϪ ϤϨϖϠϝϟϕϫϝϞ Ϥϣ ϧϚϡϚ ϣϧϢϣϦϝϧϚϠϱϢϣ ϝϦϧϣϥϝϝ ϝ ϣϖϦϧϣϴϧϚϠϱϦϧϗ ϦϣϜϙϕϢϝϴ Ϋγψπγοθ ϗ ϗϚϥ Ϧϝϝ ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ ϕ ϧϕϟϛϚ ϢϕϡϚϥϚϢϝϴϪ Ϥϣϲϧϕ ϤϚϥϚϙϕϗϕϗϭϚϘϣ ϗϰϭϚϨϤϣϡϴϢϨϧϰϚ ϝϦϧϣϥϝϝ ϗ ϦϗϣϚϞ ϝϢϧϚϥϤϥϚϧϕϫϝϝ ϦϥϕϗϢϝϧϚϠϱϢϣ Ϧ ϙϥϨϘϝϡϝ ϕϗϧϣϥϕϡϝ ϒϧϕ Ϧϧϕϧϱϴ ³ ϦϟϥϣϡϢϕϴ ϙϕϢϱ ϗϚϠϝϟϣϡϨ ϫϚϢϝϧϚϠϳ ϝ ϜϢϕϧϣϟϨ ϣϖϣϝϪ ϤϥϚϙϡϚϧϣϗ ϜϕϴϗϠϚϢ ϢϰϪ ϗ ϜϕϘϠϕϗϝϝ η ϦϥϕϗϢϚϢϝϝ Ϧ ϚϗϥϣϤϚϞϦϟϣϞ ϧϥϕϙϝϫϝϚϞ ϢϕϬϝϢϕϴ Ϧ ϘϥϚϬϚϦϟϣϘϣ ϕϗϕϢϧϳϥϢϣ Ϙϣ ϥϣϡϕϢϕ ϙϕϛϚ Ϧ ϣϥϝϚϢϧϕϠϝϦϧϝϬϚϦϟϝϡ ϩϠϚϥϣϡ ϗ ϦϧϝϠϚ ΰχλρςλνλ $HWKLRSLFD θϚϠϝϣϙϣϥϕ ϝϠϝ ΰχθτλγνλ (SKHVLDFD οϦϚϢϣϩϣϢϧϕ ϘϙϚ ϤϣϗϚϦϧϗϣϗϕϢϝϚ ϢϚ ϡϣϛϚϧ ϣϖϣϞϧϝϦϱ ϖϚϜ ϘϠϕϗϢϣϞ ϘϚϥϣϝϢϝ ϗ ϤϚϥϦϝϙϦϟϣϞ ϠϝϧϚϥϕϧϨϥϚ ϚϚ μϣϠϣϧϣϘϣ ϗϚϟϕ ϲϧϣ ϤϥϕϗϝϠϣ ϗϰϤϣϠϢϴϚϧϦϴ ϢϚ ϗϦϚϘϙϕ τϣϦϠϚϙϢϝϚ ϝϦϦϠϚϙϣϗϕϢϝϴ ϢϕϦϰϮϚϢϰ ϧϚϣϥϝϴϡϝ ϣ ϥϕϜϙϚϠϚϢϝϝ ϥϕϢϢϚϡϨϦϨϠϱϡϕϢϦϟϣϘϣ ϠϝϧϚ ϥϕϧϨϥϢϣϘϣ ϡϝϥϕ Ϥϣ ϤϥϝϜϢϕϟϨ ϤϣϠϕ Ϭϧϣ ϤϥϚϙϦϧϕϗϠϴϚϧϦϴ ϢϚ ϗϤϣϠϢϚ ϣϖϣϦϢϣϗϕϢϢϰϡ υϕϜϨϡϚ ϚϧϦϴ Ϥϣϡϝϡϣ ϝϢϙϝϗϝϙϨϕϠϱϢϰϪ ϣϦϣϖϚϢϢϣϦϧϚϞ ϦϧϝϠϴ ϟϕϛϙϣϘϣ ϕϗϧϣϥϕ ϦϠϚϙϨϚϧ ϨϬϝϧϰϗϕϧϱ ϗϠϝϴϢϝϚ ϙϥϨϘϝϪ ϘϚϣϘϥϕϩϝϬϚϦϟϝ ϝ ϪϥϣϢϣϠϣϘϝϬϚϦϟϝ ϦϣϦϚϙϢϝϪ ϟϨϠϱϧϨϥϢϰϪ ϧϥϕϙϝϫϝϞ ϢϕϤϥϝ ϡϚϥ ϤϕϥϩϴϢϦϟϣϞ ϚϘϝϤϚϧϦϟϣϞ ϖϨϙϙϝϞϦϟϣϞ ϦϚϡϝϧϦϟϣϞ ϝϠϝ ϲϠϠϝϢϝϦϧϝϬϚϦϟϣϞ ζϠϕϘϣϙϕϥϴ ϤϠϣϙϣϧϗϣϥϢϰϡ ϨϦϝϠϝϴϡ ϗϰϙϕϳϮϝϪϦϴ ϟϣϠϠϚϘ ϦϥϚϙϝ ϟϣϧϣϥϰϪ ϦϠϚϙϨϚϧ ϢϕϜϗϕϧϱ ϗ ϤϚϥϗϨϳ ϣϬϚϥϚϙϱ ηρ ρϝϢϣϥϦϟϣϘϣ υ ιϲϗϝϦϕ ϝ ιϛ ρϚϞϦϕϡϝ ϨϙϕϠϣϦϱ ϣϤϥϚϙϚϠϝϧϱ Ϥϥϣ ϝϦϪϣϛϙϚϢϝϚ ϢϚϟϣϧϣϥϰϪ ϝϜ ϲϧϝϪ ϗϠϝϴϢϝϞ ϝ ϗϜϕϝϡϣϦϗϴϜϚϞ νϦϦϠϚϙϣϗϕϢϝϴ ϣ ϤϥϣϝϦϪϣϛϙϚϢϝϝ τϣϜϗϣϠϳ ϦϚϖϚ ϨϤϣϡϴϢϨϧϱ Ϡϝϭϱ ϢϚϦϟϣϠϱϟϣ ϟϠϕϦϦϝϬϚϦϟϝϪ ϥϕϖϣϧ ϗ ϲϧϣϞ ϣϖϠϕϦϧϝ ηω ρϝϢϣϥ ϦϟϝϞ ϣ ϤϕϥϩϴϢϦϟϝϪ ϟϣϥϢϴϪ ϗ ϢϣϗϣϤϚϥϦϝϙϦϟϣϞ ϠϝϧϚϥϕϧϨϥϚ ϝ ϚϚ ϦϣϣϧϢϣϭϚϢϝϝ Ϧ ϥϕϢϢϚϚϗϥϣϤϚϞϦϟϝϡ ϩϣϠϱϟϠϣϥϣϡ Ϣϕ ϤϥϝϡϚϥϚ ϠϚϘϚϢϙϰ ϣ υϨϦϧϕϡϚ ϝ φϨϪϥϕϖϚ ϝ ϚϚ ϘϚϥϡϕϢϦϟϣϞ ϗϚϥϦϝϚϞ ³ ϦϕϘϣϞ ϣ ϊϝϠϱ ϙϚϖϥϕϢϙϚ ϝ εϠϱϙϚϖϥϕϢϙϚ ϟϚϠϱϧϦϟϣϞ ³ ϣ οϠϚϦϦϕϡϣϥϚ ϝ οϕϥϧϣϢϚ ϥϨϦϦϟϣϞ ³ ϖϰϠϝϢϕ ϣ κϥϨϦϠϕ ϢϚ πϕϜϕϥϚϗϝϬϚ υϨϦϧϕϡϚ ϦϰϢϚ μϕϠϴ ´7JT V 3BNJO B 1BSUIJBO 3PNBODFµ ϝ ´-·nQPQnF 1FSTBOF FU MB

Transcript of On Belle Dame and Persian Romance

Ȧ�Ț��ȞȷȽȴȺȽȽ

π�ρϢϗϜϢϒϣϟϠϛ�ζϒϞϗ�Ϛ�ϡϗϢϣϚϖϣϜϠϞ�ϢϠϞϒϟϗςϕ�ϤϥϝϡϚϥϚ�ϢϚϦϟϣϠϱϟϝϪ�ϢϕϝϖϣϠϚϚ�ϤϣϤϨϠϴϥϢϰϪ�ϗ�ϤϚϥϦϝϙϦϟϣϞ�ϠϝϧϚϥϕϧϨϥϚ�ϦϳϛϚϧϣϗ �ϗϣϭϚϙϭϝϪ�ϗ�ϟϨϠϱϧϨϥ�

ϢϰϞ�ϩϣϢϙ�ϡϢϣϘϝϪ�Ϣϕϥϣϙϣϗ�ϟϕϟ�ηϣϦϧϣϟϕ�ϝ�μϕϤϕϙϕ �ϕϗϧϣϥ�ϥϕϦϦϡϕϧϥϝϗϕϚϧ�ϧϕϟϣϚ�ϴϗϠϚϢϝϚ�ϗ�ϦϥϕϗϢϝϧϚϠϱϢϣϡ�ϠϝϧϚ�ϥϕϧϨϥϣϗϚϙϚϢϝϝ�ϟϕϟ�ϡϚϛϧϚϟϦϧϨϕϠϱϢϣϦϧϱ �ϗϰϪϣϙϴ�Ϝϕ�ϥϕϡϟϝ�ϦϣϖϦϧϗϚϢϢϣ�ϠϝϧϚϥϕϧϨϥϢϰϪ�ϧϚϟϦϧϣϗ �ϗϗϣϙϴ�ϡϕϧϚϥϝϕϠϰ�ϝϜ� ϙϥϨϘϝϪ� ϣϖϠϕϦϧϚϞ� ϟϨϠϱϧϨϥϰ�ϣϧ� ϦϥϚϙϢϚϗϚϟϣϗϱϴ� ϙϣ� ϢϕϭϝϪ�ϙϢϚϞ�� ϣϧ�ϝϜϣϖϥϕϜϝϧϚϠϱϢϣϘϣ� ϙϣ� ϖϕϠϚϧϢϣϘϣ�ϝϦϟϨϦ�Ϧϧϗϕ��σϦϢϣϗϢϣϚ�ϗϢϝϡϕϢϝϚ�ϨϙϚϠϚϢϣ�ϧϕϟϝϡ�ϦϳϛϚϧϕϡ �ϟϕϟ�ϤϣϠϚϧ�Ϣϕ�ϢϚϖϚϦϕ�ϝ�ϝϦϦϠϚϙϣϗϕϢϝϚ�ϣϟϚϕϢϦϟϝϪ�ϘϠϨϖϝϢ�ϡϴϧϚϛϢϰϡ�ϫϕϥϚϡ�ϗ� ϜϕϤϕϙϢϰϪ�ϝ�ϗϣϦϧϣϬϢϰϪ�ϗϚϥϦϝϴϪ�Σρογπγ�ρδ�Γξθντγπησθ �Ϋγψπγοθ�ϝ�Ιλυλμ�οφτφξϏογπ�τνλψ�τεϒυώψ��ϝϦϧϣϥϝϝ�Ϡϳϖϗϝ�ϝ�ϢϚϢϕϗϝϦϧϝ�ϡϕϬϚϪϝ�ϖϣϘϕϧϣϞ�ϕϥϝϦϧϣϟϥϕϧϟϝ�ϟ�ϦϗϣϚϡϨ�ϤϕϦϰϢϟϨ�ϥϕϖϨ�ϝϜ�ϕϢϧϝϬϢϣ�Ϙϣ�ϖϝϖϠϚϞϦϟϣ�ϟϣϥϕϢϝϬϚϦϟϣϘϣ�ϥϕϦϦϟϕϜϕ�ϣ�ωϚϙϥϚ�τϣϧϝϩϕϥϣϗϣϞ�ϛϚϢϚ�φϨϙϕϖϚ�μϨϠϚϞϪϚ��ζϕϪϥϕϡ�θϨϥϚ�ϝ�ϚϘϣ�ϥϕϖϰ�ϢϚ�ϠϳϧϢϝϦϧϟϚ�ϝ�ϥϕϡϣϬϢϣϘϣ�ϦϳϛϚϧϕ�ϝϜ�Τνγκρν�Υώτϒϊλ�λ�Ρηπρμ�Πρϊλ��γ�ϝϡϚϢϢϣ�ϝϦϧϣϥϝϝ�ϣ�ύϕϪϚϥϚϜϕϙϚ�ϝ�ιϕϡϚ�ϝϜ�φϧϚϟϠϴϢϢϣϘϣ�Ϡϕϥϫϕ��

φϧϕϧϱϴ�ϧϕϟϛϚ�ϦϣϙϚϥϛϝϧ�ϥϕϜϡϰϭϠϚϢϝϴ�ϕϗϧϣϥϕ�Ϣϕ�ϣϦϢϣϗϚ�ϦϣϗϥϚϡϚϢϢϰϪ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ�ϝϦϧϣϬϢϝϟϣϗ�ϝ�ϢϣϗϚϞ�ϭϝϪ� ϚϗϥϣϤϚϞϦϟϝϪ� ϤϨϖϠϝϟϕϫϝϞ� Ϥϣ� ϧϚϡϚ� ϣϧϢϣϦϝϧϚϠϱϢϣ� ϝϦϧϣϥϝϝ� ϝ� ϣϖϦϧϣϴϧϚϠϱϦϧϗ� ϦϣϜϙϕϢϝϴ�Ϋγψπγοθ� ϗ� ϗϚϥ�Ϧϝϝ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ �ϕ�ϧϕϟϛϚ�ϢϕϡϚϥϚϢϝϴϪ�Ϥϣϲϧϕ �ϤϚϥϚϙϕϗϕϗϭϚϘϣ�ϗϰϭϚϨϤϣϡϴϢϨϧϰϚ�ϝϦϧϣϥϝϝ�ϗ�ϦϗϣϚϞ�ϝϢϧϚϥϤϥϚϧϕϫϝϝ�ϦϥϕϗϢϝϧϚϠϱϢϣ�Ϧ�ϙϥϨϘϝϡϝ�ϕϗϧϣϥϕϡϝ�

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���Ρ �σ θ ν σ γ τ π ρ μ �Ηγοθ � λ � ς θ σ τ λ η τ νρο � σ ρογπ θ

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ψ� ιϛϕϡϝ� ³� νϦϟϕϢϙϕϥ� ϦϢϣϗϕ� ϝϦϟϕϧϚϠϱ�ϨϧϣϤϝϦϧ � ϝϙϚϕϠϝϜϝϥϣϗϕϢϢϰϞ� ϤϥϕϗϝϧϚϠϱ �ϨϦϧϕϢϣϗϝϗϭϝϞ�ϢϣϗϰϞ�ϦϤϥϕϗϚϙϠϝϗϰϞ�ϡϝϥϣϤϣϥϴϙϣϟ��κϘϣ�ϙϥϨϘ�ϝ�ϨϬϚϢϝϟ�ςϕϗϕϝ �ϨϛϚ�Ϥϣ�ϨϜϖϚϟϦϟϝ �ϤϥϚϙϠϕϘϕϚϧ�ϢϣϗϨϳ�ϧϥϕϟϧϣϗϟϨ�ϦϳϛϚϧϕ��ϤϥϝϬϚϡ�ϣϖϕ�ϤϥϣϝϜϗϚϙϚϢϝϴ�ϝ�ϨϬϝϧϚϠϱ�ϝ�ϨϬϚϢϝϟ�ϤϝϭϨϧ�ϤϣϬϧϝ�ϣϙϢϣϗϥϚϡϚϢϢϣ �ϟϕϟ�ϖϨϙϧϣ�ϨϬϕϦϧϗϨϴ�ϗ�ϧϗϣϥϬϚϦϟϣϡ�ϦϣϥϚϗϢϣϗϕϢϝϝ��

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ϙϣ�ϢϕϬϕϠϕ�99�ϗϚϟϕ �ϖϰϠ�ϣϙϢϝϡ�ϝϜ�ϢϕϝϖϣϠϚϚ�ϤϣϤϨϠϴϥϢϰϪ��ϣϢ�ϨϦϧϨϤϕϠ�Ϡϝϭϱ�ϧϕϟϝϡ�ϲϤϝϜϣ�ϙϕϡ �ϟϕϟ�©υϨϦϧϕϡ�ϨϖϝϗϕϚϧ�ζϚϠϣϘϣ�ιϝϗϕª�ϝ�©νϦϤϰϧϕϢϝϚ�φϝϴϗϨϭϕ�ϣϘϢϚϡª��

φϕϡϕϴ�ϤϚϥϗϕϴ�ϙϣϭϚϙϭϕϴ�ϙϣ�ϢϕϦ�ϢϣϗϣϤϚϥϦϝϙϦϟϕϴ�ϗϚϥϦϝϴ�ϝϦϧϣϥϝϝ�ζϕϪϥϕϡ�θϨϥϕ�ϤϥϝϢϕϙ�ϠϚϛϝϧ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ �ϟϣϧϣϥϰϞ�ϢϕϡϚϥϚϢϢϣ�ϙϕϚϧ�ϝϡϴ�ϦϗϣϚϞ�ϘϚϥϣϝϢϚ�εϜϕϙϚ�©ϦϗϣϖϣϙϢϕϴ �ϖϠϕϘϣ�ϥϣϙϢϕϴª��ϒϧϣϧ�ϢϚϖϣϠϱϭϣϞ�ϲϤϝϜϣϙ�ϖϠϚϦϧϴϮϚ�ϙϚϡϣϢϦϧϥϝϥϨϚϧ�ϣϦϢϣϗϢϨϳ�ϝϙϚϳ�Ϋγψπγοθ �ϟϕϟ �ϣϬϚϗϝϙϢϣ �ϤϣϢϝϡϕϠ�ϚϚ�Ϥϣϲϧ��ϢϕϜϰϗϕϴ�ϥϕϖϰϢϳ�ϦϗϣϖϣϙϢϣϞ�ϝ�ϖϠϕϘϣϥϣϙϢϣϞ �ϣϢ�Ϙϣϗϣϥϝϧ�ϣϖ�ϕϖ�ϦϨϥϙϢϣϦϧϝ�ϝ�ϢϚϙϣϤϨϦϧϝϡϣϦϧϝ�ϧϕϟϣϞ�ϦϝϧϨϕϫϝϝ �Ϥϥϝ�ϟϣϧϣϥϣϞ�ϥϕϖ�ϡϣϛϚϧ�ϬϨϗϦϧϗϣϗϕϧϱ�ϦϚϖϴ�ϥϕϗϢϰϡ�ϘϣϦϤϣϙϝϢϨ �ϙϕϛϚ�ϚϦϠϝ�ϡϚϛϙϨ�Ϣϝϡϝ�ϗϣϜϢϝϟϠϕ�ϖϠϝϜϣϦϧϱ��ϒϧϕ�ϥϚϕϠϱϢϕϴ�ϖϠϝϜϣϦϧϱ�ϚϦϧϱ�Ϡϝϭϱ�ϗϝϙϝϡϣϦϧϱ��Ϣϕ�ϤϣϙϣϖϢϰϪ�ϟϣϢϟϥϚϧϢϰϪ�ϙϝϙϕϟϧϝϬϚϦϟϝϪ�ϤϥϝϡϚϥϕϪ�ηθψνγπ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ�Ϥϰ�ϧϕϚϧϦϴ�ϣϖϯϴϦϢϝϧϱ�ϟϠϕϦϦϣϗϰϚ�ϥϕϜϠϝϬϝϴ�ϗ�ϣϖϮϚϦϧϗϚ�ϝ�ϢϚϤϥϚϠϣϛϢϣϦϧϱ�ϘϥϕϢϝϫ�ϡϚϛϙϨ�Ϣϝϡϝ��

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ηϣϜϡϣϛϢϣ �ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ�ϨϦϤϚϠ�ϢϕϤϝϦϕϧϱ�ϤϥϣϙϣϠϛϚϢϝϚ�Ϋγψπγοθ�ϤϣϦϠϚ�ϕϥϕϖϦϟϣϘϣ�Ϣϕ�ϭϚϦϧϗϝϴ �Ϣϣ�ϣϢϣ�ϦϣϙϚϥϛϕϠϣ�ϢϕϦϧϣϠϱϟϣ�ϥϚϜϟϨϳ�ϟϥϝϧϝϟϨ�ϕϥϕϖϣϗ�ϝ �ϡϣϛϚϧ�ϖϰϧϱ �ϙϕϛϚ�ϦϨϢ�ϢϝϧϦϟϣϘϣ�ϝϦϠϕϡϕ �Ϭϧϣ�ϟϣϘϙϕ�ϣϢ�ϗϦϚ�ϧϕϟϝ�ϥϚϭϝϠϦϴ�ϤϣϙϘϣϧϣϗϝϧϱ�ϥϨϟϣϤϝϦϱ�ϙϠϴ�ϣϧϦϰϠϟϝ�ϗ�θϕϜϢϨ �ϚϡϨ�ϤϥϝϭϠϣϦϱ�ϚϘϣ�Ϩϖϥϕϧϱ��τϣϛϚϥϧϗϣϗϕϗ�ϩϝϢϕϠϣϡ �ϣϢ�ϜϕϡϚϢϝϠ�ϚϘϣ�Ϣϕ�ϤϕϢϚϘϝ�ϥϝϟ�ρϕϪϡϨϙϨ �ϤϣϗϧϣϥϚϢϢϰϞ�ϗ�ϣϖϮϝϪ�ϬϚϥϧϕϪ�ϗ�ϤϥϚϕϡϖϨϠϚ��

ηϣϜϡϣϛϢϣ�ϧϕϟϛϚ �Ϭϧϣ�ϝ�ϜϢϕϡϚϢϝϧϰϚ�ϧϰϦϴϬϕ�δθμυρε �ϙϠϴ�ϟϣϧϣϥϰϪ�ϣϢ�ϧϕϟ�ϢϕϥϣϬϝϧϣ�ϣϖϯϴϗϝϠ�ϕϗϧϣϥϦϧϗϣ�ιϕϟϝϟϝ �ϖϰϠϝ�ϗϦϧϕϗϠϚϢϰ�ϝϡϚϢϢϣ�ϗϣ�ϗϥϚϡϴ�ϤϣϙϘϣϧϣϗϟϝ�ϧϚϟϦϧϕ�ϙϠϴ�ϘϕϜϢϝϞϦϟϣϘϣ�©ϤϣϧϥϚϖϝϧϚϠϴª��ηϤϣϠϢϚ�ϗϣϜϡϣϛϢϣ �Ϭϧϣ�ϝ�ιϕϟϝϟϝ�ϙϣ�ϦϗϣϚϘϣ�ϨϖϝϞϦϧϗϕ�ϨϦϤϚϠ�ϦϣϜϙϕϧϱ� Ϧϗϣϳ�Ϋγψπγοθ� ϧϚ� ϦϕϡϰϚ� ��� ���� ϖϚϞϧϣϗ � ϣ� ϟϣϧϣϥϰϪ� ϨϤϣϡϝϢϕϚϧ� ¶εϨϩϝ� ϝϠϝ�ϗϣ�ϗϦϴϟϣϡ�ϦϠϨϬϕϚ�ϘϣϥϕϜϙϣ�ϖϣϠϱϭϚ�ϧϣϘϣ�ϩϥϕϘϡϚϢϧϕ �ϟϣϧϣϥϰϞ�ϝϦϤϣϠϱϜϣϗϕϠ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ��

τϣϢϴϧϢϣ �ϤϣϬϚϡϨ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ�ϗϟϠϳϬϝϠ�ϗ�ϦϗϣϞ�ϧϚϟϦϧ�ϝϡϚϢϢϣ�ϲϧϨ�ϬϕϦϧϱ��ϗ�ϢϚϞ�ιϕϟϝ�ϟϝ�ϥϕϦϦϟϕϜϰϗϕϚϧ�Ϧ�ϖϣϠϱϭϝϡ�ϦϝϡϤϕϧϝϚϞ�ϣ�ϗϣϜϢϝϟϢϣϗϚϢϝϝ�ϜϣϥϣϕϦϧϥϝϜϡϕ��τϣϲϧϨ�Ϧ�ϚϘϣ�ϢϚ�ϣϙϢϣϜϢϕϬϢϣϞ� ϥϚϤϨϧϕϫϝϚϞ� ϗϥϴϙ� Ϡϝ� ϪϣϧϚϠϣϦϱ� ϖϥϕϧϱ� Ϣϕ� ϦϚϖϴ� ϠϝϭϢϳϳ� ϣϧϗϚϧϦϧϗϚϢϢϣϦϧϱ�Ϝϕ�ϣϤϝϦϕϢϝϚ�ϦϣϖϰϧϝϞ �ϦϗϴϜϕϢϢϰϪ�Ϧ�ϤϥϝϢϴϧϝϚϡ�ϥϚϠϝϘϝϝ �Ϝϕ�ϟϣϧϣϥϨϳ �ϗϣϜϡϣϛϢϣ �ϤϣϙϗϚϥ�ϘϦϴ�ϜϠϣϞ�ϨϬϕϦϧϝ�ϚϘϣ�ϤϥϚϙϭϚϦϧϗϚϢϢϝϟ��ψϤϣϡϝϢϕϴ�ϕϗϧϣϥϦϧϗϣ�ιϕϟϝϟϝ �ϣϢ�Ϧ�ϣϙϢϣϞ�ϦϧϣϥϣϢϰ�ϦϣϖϠϳϙϕϠ�ϕϗϧϣϥϦϟϣϚ�Ϥϥϕϗϣ �Ϧ�ϙϥϨϘϣϞ�ϤϣϠϨϬϕϠ�ϗϣϜϡϣϛϢϣϦϧϱ�Ϥϣϟϥϝϧϝϟϣϗϕϧϱ�ϦϗϣϚϘϣ�ϟϣϠ�ϠϚϘϨ�Ϝϕ�ϢϚϦϣϗϚϥϭϚϢϦϧϗϣ�ϦϧϝϪϕ �ϤϥϚϙϠϕϘϕϴ�ϗ�ϧϣ�ϛϚ�ϗϥϚϡϴ�ϗϣϦϪϝϧϝϧϱϦϴ�ϦϣϖϦϧϗϚϢϢϰϡ�ϧϗϣϥ�ϬϚϦϧϗϣϡ��οϕϟ�ϖϰ�ϧϣ�Ϣϝ�ϖϰϠϣ �ϡϰ�ϙϣϠϛϢϰ�ϖϰϧϱ�ϖϠϕϘϣϙϕϥϢϰ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ�Ϝϕ�ϧϣ �Ϭϧϣ�ϣϢ�ϦϤϕϦ�ϙϠϴ�Ϥϣϧϣϡϟϣϗ�Ϫϣϧϴ�ϖϰ�ϢϚϖϣϠϱϭϣϞ�ϩϥϕϘϡϚϢϧ�Ϥϣϲϡϰ�ιϕϟϝϟϝ�

ηϤϥϣϬϚϡ�ϗϣϜϡϣϛϢϣ�ϝ�ϦϣϗϚϥϭϚϢϢϣ�ϟϥϕϡϣϠϱϢϣϚ�ϤϥϚϙϤϣϠϣϛϚϢϝϚ�ϣ�ϧϣϡ �Ϭϧϣ�ωϝϥϙϣϨ�Ϧϝ�Ϧϕϡ�ϢϕϤϝϦϕϠ�ϗϦϧϨϤϠϚϢϝϚ�ϟϣ�ϗϧϣϥϣϞ�ϟϢϝϘϚ�ϣ�μϕϥϕϧϨϭϧϥϚ�ϝ�ϚϘϣ�ϫϕϥϦϧϗϚϢϢϣϡ�Ϥϣϟϥϣϗϝ�ϧϚϠϚ�θϨϭϧϕϦϤϚ�ϝ�ϤϥϝϤϝϦϕϠ�ϚϘϣ�ιϕϟϝϟϝ��σϙϢϕϟϣ�ϜϙϚϦϱ�ϴ�ϣϦϧϕϢϣϗϠϳϦϱ �ϤϣϦϟϣϠϱϟϨ�ϙϕϠϚϚ�ϡϣϛϢϣ�ϤϥϣϙϣϠϛϕϧϱ�ϦϤϚϟϨϠϴϫϝϝ�ϝ�ϗ�ϤϥϣϧϝϗϣϠϣϛϢϣϡ�ϢϕϤϥϕϗϠϚϢϝϝ��Ϭϧϣ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ�ϡϣϘ�ϗϟϠϳϬϝϧϱ�ϘϣϥϕϜϙϣ�ϖϣϠϱϭϚ�ϝϜ�ϢϕϤϝϦϕϢϢϣϘϣ�ϚϘϣ�ϤϥϚϙϭϚϦϧϗϚϢϢϝϟϣϡ �Ϣϣ�ϖϚϜ�ϣϦϣϖϰϪ�ϣϘϣ�ϗϣϥϣϟ�Ϣϕ�ϕϗϧϣϥϦϧϗϣ�ιϕϟϝϟϝ�ϙϕϛϚ�ϝϜ�ϠϨϬϭϝϪ�ϤϣϖϨϛϙϚϢϝϞ �ϤϣϦϟϣϠϱϟϨ�ϥϚϤϨϧϕϫϝϴ�ιϕϟϝ�ϟϝ�ϨϛϚ�ϖϰϠϕ�ϦϟϣϡϤϥϣϡϚϧϝϥϣϗϕϢϕ �ϚϡϨ�ϨϛϚ�ϖϰϠϣ�ϢϝϬϚϡ�ϢϚ�ϤϣϡϣϬϱ �ϕ�ϧϚϟϦϧ�ϡϣϛϢϣ�ϖϰϠϣ�ϦϤϕϦϧϝ�ϣϧ�ϜϕϖϗϚϢϝϴ�Ϫϣϧϴ�ϖϰ�ϙϕϛϚ�ϝ�Ϥϣϙ�ϙϥϨϘϝϡ�ϝϡϚϢϚϡ��

ρϣϛϢϣ�ϧϕϟϛϚ�ϤϥϚϙϤϣϠϣϛϝϧϱ �Ϭϧϣ�ϢϚ�Ϧϕϡ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ �ϕ�ϚϘϣ�ϤϣϟϠϣϢϢϝϟϝ �ϨϛϚ�Ϥϥϕϗϣ�ϗϚϥϢϰϚ�ϡϨϦϨϠϱϡϕϢϚ �ϟϕϟ�ϦϨϢϢϝϧϰ �ϧϕϟ�ϝ�ϭϝϝϧϰ �ϧϴϢϨϠϝ�ϚϘϣ�ϢϕϦϠϚϙϝϚ�ϟϕϛϙϰϞ�ϗ�Ϧϗϣϳ�ϦϧϣϥϣϢϨ �Ϥϥϝϙϕϗϕϴ�ϚϡϨ�ϢϣϗϰϚ�ϙϣϟϕϜϕϧϚϠϱϦϧϗϕ�ϗ�ϕϗϧϣϥϦϧϗϚ �ϢϕϤϥϝϡϚϥ �©ϡϣϥϦϟϣϘϣª�ϤϕϢϚ�Ϙϝϥϝϟϕ�¶εϠϝ�ϝϠϝ�Μφτφχγ�λ�Κφξθμψλ��

νϡϚϢϢϣ� ϧϕϟϝϡ� ϣϖϥϕϜϣϡ� ϡϣϛϢϣ� ϣϖϯϴϦϢϝϧϱ� ϤϣϴϗϠϚϢϝϚ� ϠϚϘϚϢϙ� ϦϗϴϜϕϢϢϰϪ� Ϧ� ϨϬϕ�ϦϧϝϚϡ� εϦϕϙϝ� χϨϦϝ � ϣϦϢϣϗϕϢϢϰϪ� ϧϕϟϛϚ� ϝ� Ϣϕ� ϥϕϦϮϚϤϠϚϢϝϝ� ϠϝϬϢϣϦϧϝ� ϤϣϦϠϚϙϢϚϘϣ����

��� σ�ϖϝϖϠϝϣϘϥϕϩϝϝ�ϣϧϢϣϦϝϧϚϠϱϢϣ�ϠϚϘϚϢϙϰ�ϣ�ϙϗϨϪ�εϦϕϙϝ�Ϧϡ��'�*��"CEVMMBFWB �5IF�#PEMFJBO�NBOVTDSJQU� PG�"TBEJ�5VTJ·T� EFCBUF� CFUXFFO� BO�"SBC� BOE� B�1FSTJBO�� JUT� QMBDF� JO� UIF� USBOTJUJPO� GSPN�BODJFOU� EFCBUF� UP� DMBTTJDBM� QBOFHZSJD � ,UDQ�� -RXUQDO� RI� WKH�%ULWLVK� ,QVWLWXWH� RI�3HUVLDQ�6WXGLHV �7PM��9-7** ����� ���²�� �ϣϦϣϖϚϢϢϣ�Ϧ�����

��� Χ�Λ � �Οθξ ε λ ξ ξ

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υϣϙϝϢϨ�ϙϚϗϨϭϟϝ�ζϕϪϥϕϡ�θϨϥϕ�ςϝϜϕϡϝ�ϤϚϥϚϢϣϦϝϧ�Ϧ�μϕϤϕϙϕ� ϥϕϜϨϡϚϚϧϦϴ �Ϥϣ�ϣϧϢϣ�ϭϚϢϝϳ�ϟ�νϥϕϢϨ�Ϣϕ�ηϣϦϧϣϟ��ϚϘϣ�ϗϣϜϠϳϖϠϚϢϢϕϴ�ϥϕϖϰϢϴ�ϢϚ�ϝϜ�υϨϡϕ �ϕ�ϝϜ�οϝϧϕϴ �ϝ�ϜϣϗϨϧ�ϚϚ�ωϚϧϢϚ��νϡϴ�ωϚϧϢϚ �ϣϦϣϖϚϢϢϣ�ϙϠϴ�ϝϦϠϕϡϣϗϚϙϣϗ�Ϙϣϗϣϥϝϧ�ϣ�ϡϢϣϘϣϡ��ιϣϦϧϕϧϣϬϢϣ�ϖϨϙϚϧ�ϨϤϣϡϴϢϨϧϱ �Ϭϧϣ�¶εϝϭϕ �Ϧϕϡϕϴ�ϳϢϕϴ�ϝ�Ϧϕϡϕϴ�Ϡϳϖϝϡϕϴ�ϛϚϢϕ�τϥϣϥϣϟϕ�ϙϠϴ�ϧϣϠϟϣϗϕϧϚϠϚϞ�

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ςϕϜϰϗϕϴ�Ϧϗϣϳ�ϘϠϕϗϢϨϳ�ϤϣϠϣϛϝϧϚϠϱϢϨϳ�ϘϚϥϣϝϢϳ�ϝϡϚϢϚϡ�Ϧ�ϧϕϟϝϡ�ϢϚϘϕϧϝϗϢϰϡ�ϕϦ�ϦϣϫϝϕϫϝϕϧϝϗϢϰϡ�ϥϴϙϣϡ �ςϝϜϕϡϝ�Ϧϕϡ�ϖϥϣϦϕϠ�ϗϰϜϣϗ�ϢϚ�ϧϣϠϱϟϣ�ϦϗϣϚϡϨ�ϨϛϚ�ϤϣϟϣϞϢϣϡϨ�ϤϥϚϙϭϚϦϧϗϚϢϢϝϟϨ �ϗϚϥϦϝϳ�ϟϣϧϣϥϣϘϣ�ϣϢ�ϲϤϕϧϝϥϣϗϕϠ �Ϣϣ�ϗ�ϤϚϥϗϨϳ�ϣϬϚϥϚϙϱ�ϦϗϣϚϡϨ�ϣϟϥϨ�ϛϚϢϝϳ��οϣϥϣϧϟϝϞ�ϲϤϝϜϣϙ�ϝϜ�Ϋγψπγοθ�ςϝϜϕϡϝ�ϥϕϜϗϝϠ�ϗ�ϫϚϠϨϳ�ϗϦϧϕϗϢϨϳ�ϤϣϲϡϨ�ϗ�Ϣϕ�ϤϣϠϢϚϢϢϣϞ�ϥϕϜϢϣϣϖϥϕϜϢϰϡϝ�ϦϝϡϗϣϠϕϡϝ�Ψγχυ�γμνγσࡕ��ϗ�ϢϕϦϧϣϴϮϨϳ�ϦϟϕϜϟϨ�ϣ�ϟϝϧϕϞ�ϦϟϣϞ�μϣϠϨϭϟϚ �ϟϣϧϣϥϕϴ�ϦϣϗϚϥϭϕϚϧ�ϢϚϗϣϜϡϣϛϢϣϚ�Ϧ�ϧϣϬϟϝ�ϜϥϚϢϝϴ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ��ϣϢϕ �ϥϕϖϰϢϴ�ϤϚϥϚϦϚϟϕϚϧ�ϢϚϤϥϚϣϙϣϠϝϡϰϚ�ϣϖϮϚϦϧϗϚϢϢϰϚ�ϘϥϕϢϝϫϰ�ϝ�ϦϧϕϢϣϗϝϧϦϴ�ϫϕϥϦϟϣϞ�ϢϚϗϚϦϧϣϞ��

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φϫϚϢϨ�ϣϪϣϧϰ�εϡϝϥ�ϊϣϦϥϣϗ�ϤϣϗϧϣϥϴϚϧ�Ϧ�ϧϣϞ�Ϡϝϭϱ�ϥϕϜϢϝϫϚϞ �Ϭϧϣ�ζϕϪϥϕϡ�ϢϚ�ϨϖϝϗϕϚϧ�ϘϕϜϚϠϚϞ �ϕ�ϧϣϠϱϟϣ�ϟϠϚϞϡϝϧ�ϝϪ �ϕ�ϜϕϧϚϡ�ϣϧϤϨϦϟϕϚϧ��χϕϟϕϴ�ϜϕϡϚϢϕ�ϛϚϦϧϣϟϣϦϧϝ�Ϣϕ�ϘϨϡϕϢϢϣϚ�ϣϧϢϣϭϚϢϝϚ�ϟ�ϛϝϗϣϧϢϰϡ�ϪϕϥϕϟϧϚϥϢϕ �ϤϣϦϟϣϠϱϟϨ�ϲϧϣ�ϧϣ �ϗ�ϬϚϡ�εϜϕϙϚ�ϣϖϗϝϢϝϠϕ�ϦϗϣϚϘϣ�ϫϕϥϦϧϗϚϢϢϣϘϣ�ϠϳϖϣϗϢϝϟϕ�ϝ�ϤϣϤϠϕϧϝϠϕϦϱ�ϛϝϜϢϱϳ��σϙϢϕϟϣ�ϝϡϚϢϢϣ�ιϚϠϕϥϕϡ�ϤϥϚϙϠϕϘϕϚϧ�ϚϡϨ�ϢϕϥϨϭϝϧϱ�ϧϕϖϨ �ϢϕϜϢϕϬϕϴ�ϚϡϨ�ϨϛϚ�ϝϜϗϚϦϧϢϰϚ�ϦϠϣϛϢϰϚ�ϜϕϙϕϢϝϴ��ζϕϪϥϕϡ�ϝϦϤϣϠϢϴϚϧ�ϝϪ�Ϧ�ϠϚϘϟϣϦϧϱϳ �Ϣϣ�ϢϚ�ϤϣϠϨϬϕϚϧ�ϤϣϪϗϕϠϰ��ιϚϠϕϥϕϡ�ϣϧϗϚϬϕϚϧ�ϦϠϣϗϕϡϝ�ωϚϧϢϚ��ϣϢϕ�ϢϚ�ϗϝ�ϙϝϧ�ϗ�ϲϧϣϡ�ϢϝϬϚϘϣ�ϣϦϣϖϚϢϢϣϘϣ��©ϣϖϰϬϢϕϴ�Ϥϥϕϟϧϝϟϕ �ϗϣϧ�ϝ�ϗϦϚª��η�ϣϧϠϝϬϝϚ�ϣϧ�ϥϚϩϠϚϟ�ϦϝϥϨϳϮϚϘϣ�ϢϚϗϥϕϦϧϚϢϝϟϕ�ϗ�ϝϦϤϣϠϢϚϢϝϝ�ςϝϜϕϡϝ �ζϕϪϥϕϡ�εϡϝϥ�ϊϣϦϥϣϗϕ�ϤϣϦϧϨϤϕϚϧ�ϧϕϟ�ϛϚ �ϟϕϟ�ϝ�ζϕϪϥϕϡ�Ϩ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ �³�ϦϖϥϕϦϰϗϕϚϧ�ιϚϠϕϥϕϡ�ϗϦϚϥϙϫϕϪ�ϢϕϜϚϡϱ �Ϣϣ�ϢϚ�ϨϖϝϗϕϚϧ �ϕ�ϨϚϜϛϕϚϧ �ϖϥϣϦϝϗ�ϚϚ�ϣϙϢϨ �ϖϚϜ�ϦϣϜϢϕϢϝϴ�Ϣϕ�ϤϥϣϝϜϗϣϠ�ϦϨϙϱϖϰ �ϦϟϣϥϚϚ�ϗϦϚϘϣ�Ϣϕ�ϡϨϬϝϧϚϠϱ�ϢϨϳ�ϦϡϚϥϧϱ�ϗ�ϤϨϦϧϰϢϚ��

χϕϟ�εϡϝϥ�ϊϣϦϥϣϗ�ϜϕϡϰϟϕϚϧ�ϤϚϥϗϰϞ�ϟϥϨϘ�ϥϚϡϝϢϝϦϫϚϢϫϝϞ��ιϚϠϕϥϕϡ�εϡϝϥ�ϊϣϦϥϣ�ϗϕ �ϣϖϯϚϙϝϢϴϚϧ�ϟϕϬϚϦϧϗϕ�εϜϕϙϚ�ϚϚ�ϤϥϣϝϦϪϣϛϙϚϢϝϚ�ϝ�ϧϕϠϕϢϧ�ϟ�ϡϨϜϰϟϚ �ϕϦϦϣϫϝϝϥϨϚϡϰϞ�Ϧ�μϕϤϕϙϣϡ �υϨϡϣϡ�ϝ�ωϚϧϢϚ�ϚϚ�ϤϥϣϝϦϪϣϛϙϚϢϝϚ�Ϧ�ηϣϦϧϣϟϕ�ϝ�ϚϚ�ϙϥϕϘϣϫϚϢϢϣϦϧϝ �ϟϣϧϣϥϰ�ϡϝ�ϣϢϝ�ϤϣϙϟϨϤϝϠϕ�ϫϕϥϦϟϣϘϣ�ϦϣϗϚϧϢϝϟϕ��

φ�ϲϧϣϘϣ�ϡϚϦϧϕ�εϡϝϥ�ϊϣϦϥϣϗ�ϙϕϚϧ�ϤϣϠϢϨϳ�ϗϣϠϳ�ϦϗϣϚϞ�ϩϕϢϧϕϜϝϝ �Ϝϕϡϰϟϕϴ�ϠϣϘϝϬϚ�ϦϟϝϚ�ϟϥϨϘϝ��οϣϘϙϕ�ϙϚϗϨϭϟϕ�ϤϥϝϪϣϙϝϧ�ϗ�ϦϚϖϴ �ϣϢϕ�ϖϥϚϙϚϧ�ϖϚϜ�ϗϣϙϰ�ϝ�Ϛϙϰ�ϙϢϝ�ϝ�ϢϣϬϝ�Ϣϕ�ϤϥϣϠϚϧ�Ϥϣϟϕ�Ϣϕ�ϚϚ�ϤϨϧϝ�ϢϚ�ϤϣϤϕϙϕϚϧϦϴ�ϙϚϥϚϗϢϴ��σϢϕ�ϗϪϣϙϝϧ�ϗ�ϤϚϥϗϰϞ�ϛϚ�ϤϣϤϕϗϭϝϞϦϴ�ϙϣϡ �ϟϣϧϣϥϰϞ�ϤϥϝϢϕϙϠϚϛϝϧ�ϡϚϦϧϢϣϡϨ�ηθψνγπφ��τϣϥϕϛϚϢϢϰϞ�ϚϚ�ϟϥϕϦϣϧϣϞ �ϣϢ�ϧϚϡ�ϢϚ�ϡϚ�ϢϚϚ�ϤϥϚϙϠϕϘϕϚϧ�ϚϞ�ϢϚ�ϥϨϟϨ�ϝ�ϦϚϥϙϫϚ �ϕ�³�ϗ�ϣϖϡϚϢ�Ϣϕ�ϚϚ�ϙϥϕϘϣϫϚϢϢϣϦϧϝ� TJD��ηιγεγδ�Ϣϕ�ϙϥϕϘϣϫϚϢϢϣϦϧϝ �ϟϣϧϣϥϰϚ�ϤϣϡϣϘϠϝ�ωϚϧϢϚ�ϨϘϣϗϣϥϝϧϱ�ϗϚϜϝϥϴ�ϢϚ�Ϩϖϝϗϕϧϱ�ϚϚ�³�ϢϕϨϬϝϧϱ�ϚϚ�ϡϨϜϰϟϚ�TJD �ϟϣϧϣϥϣϞ�ϣϢ�ϣϖϨϬϝϠϦϴ�ϗ�υϨϡϚ�TJD��τϣ�ϡϚϥϚ�ϣϖϨϬϚϢϝϴ�ηθψνγπ�ϢϕϦϧϣϠϱϟϣ�ϤϥϝϗϴϜϰϗϕϚϧϦϴ�ϟ�ϳϢϣϞ�ϨϬϚϢϝϫϚ �Ϭϧϣ�ϢϕϜϰϗϕϚϧ�ϚϚ�ϦϗϣϚϞ�ϙϣϬϚϥϱϳ��

φϣϬϚϧϕϢϝϚ�ϟϕϬϚϦϧϗ�ηϣϦϧϣϟϕ�ϝ�μϕϤϕϙϕ�ϝϜϡϚϢϝϠϣ�ϤϥϝϥϣϙϨ�ιϚϠϕϥϕϡ��ϚϞ�ϖϰϠϕ�ϢϝϦϤϣ�ϦϠϕϢϕ�ϦϤϣϦϣϖϢϣϦϧϱ�ϧϗϣϥϝϧϱ�ϬϨϙϚϦϕ �ϤϣϙϣϖϢϰϚ�ϧϚϡ �Ϭϧϣ�ϧϗϣϥϝϠ�ϫϕϥϱ�φϣϠϣϡϣϢ�ϝϠϝ�σϥ�ϩϚϞ��ϜϕϦϠϰϭϕϗ�ϚϚ�ϠϝϥϨ �ϙϝϟϝϚ�ϜϗϚϥϝ�ϦϪϣϙϝϠϝϦϱ�ϟ�ϢϚϞ�ϝϜ�ϠϚϦϣϗ�ϝ�ϤϨϦϧϰϢϱ �ϣϢϝ�ϤϕϙϕϠϝ�ϟϕϟ�ϡϚϥϧϗϰϚ �Ϝϕϡϝϥϕϴ�ϗ�ϲϟϦϧϕϜϚ��ν�ϧϣϠϱϟϣ�ϣϢϕ�Ϧϕϡϕ �ϣϤϴϧϱ�ϛϚ�ϦϗϣϚϞ�ϝϘϥϣϞ�ϡϣϘϠϕ�ϦϢϣϗϕ�ϣϛϝϗϝϧϱ�ϝϪ��ψϦϠϰϭϕϗ�ϣ�ϚϚ�ϬϨϙϚϦϕϪ �ζϕϪϥϕϡ�ϤϥϝϟϕϜϰϗϕϚϧ�ϤϥϝϗϚϦϧϝ�ϙϚϗϨϭϟϨ��σϢϕ�ϴϗϠϴ�ϚϧϦϴ�ϟ�ϢϚϡϨ�ϗϣ�ϙϗϣϥϚϫ�ϢϚϨϜϢϕϢϢϕϴ�ϟϕϟ�ωϚϧϢϚ �ϢϚϦϨϮϕϴ�Ϣϕ�ϤϠϚϬϕϪ�ϖϰϬϟϕ��τϣϦϠϨϭϕϗ�ϚϚ�ϝϘϥϨ �ζϕϪϥϕϡ�ϤϣϗϧϣϥϴϚϧ�ϩϥϕϜϨ�ιϚϠϕϥϕϡ�ϝ�ωϚϧϢϚ��ϣ�ϙϣϠϘϣϞ�ϤϥϕϟϧϝϟϚ �ϤϥϣϝϜϢϚϦϚϢϢϣϞ�ϡϢϣϘϣ�ϠϚϧ�ϢϕϜϕϙ��ιϚϠϕϥϕϡ�ϦϕϥϟϕϦϧϝϬϚϦϟϝ�ϦϣϘϠϕϭϕϚϧϦϴ��ϗϣϦϟϥϚϭϚϢϝϚ�ϝϜ�ϡϚϥϧϗϰϪ�³�Ϧϣϗ�ϦϚϡ�ϢϚ�ϬϨϙϣ �Ϥϣ�ϦϥϕϗϢϚϢϝϳ�Ϧ�ϣϧϦϚϟϕϢϝϚϡ�ϥϣϘϣϗ�ϘϕϜϚϠϝ�ϙϗϨϤϚϥϢϣϞ�ϦϧϥϚϠϣϞ��ζϕϪϥϕϡ�ϡϣ�ϡϚϢϧϕϠϱϢϣ�ϨϜϢϕϚϧ�Ϧϗϣϳ�ϗϣϜϠϳϖϠϚϢϢϨϳ�ϝ�ϗϚϜϚϧ�ϗϣ�ϙϗϣϥϚϫ �ϟϣϧϣϥϰϞ�ϣϢ�ϨϟϥϕϭϕϚϧ�ϩϥϚ�Ϧϟϕϡϝ �ϝϜϣϖϥϕϛϕϳϮϝϡϝ�ϝϪ�ϣϖϣϝϪ�ϨϛϚ�Ϣϕ�ϧϥϣϢϚ�TJD��

χϕϟ�ϜϕϡϰϟϕϚϧϦϴ�ϗϧϣϥϣϞ�ϕϦϦϣϫϝϕϧϝϗϢϰϞ�ϟϥϨϘ��εϜϕϙϚ�ϝ�ωϚϧϢϚ �ϢϕϬϕϠϝ�Ϧϗϣϳ�ϟϕϥϱϚ�ϥϨ�Ϧ�ϡϨϜϰϟϝ �ϟϣϧϣϥϕϴ�ϢϚ�ϤϥϝϢϚϦϠϕ�ϝϡ�ϢϝϬϚϘϣ �ϟϥϣϡϚ�ϦϧϥϕϙϕϢϝϞ��ιϚϠϕϥϕϡ �ϢϕϤϥϣϧϝϗ �ϣϖϥϚϧϕϚϧ� ϗ� ϦϚϖϚ� ϧϕϠϕϢϧ� ϟ�ϡϨϜϰϟϚ� ϨϛϚ�ϤϣϦϠϚ� ϦϫϚϢϰ�Ϣϕ� ϣϪϣϧϚ�ϝ� ϢϕϪϣϙϝϧ� ϗ� ϢϚϞ� ϦϤϕϦϚ�ϢϝϚ�ϣϧ�ϦϧϥϕϙϕϢϝϞ �ϗϰϤϕϗϭϝϪ�ϚϞ�Ϣϕ�ϙϣϠϳ��η�ιϚϠϕϥϕϡ �ϗϣϤϥϚϟϝ�οϝϤϠϝϢϘϨ �ϦϣϚϙϝϢϝϠϝϦϱ�ηϣϦϧϣϟ�ϝ�μϕϤϕϙ �ϖϣϠϚϚ�ϧϣϘϣ �Ϥϣϡϝϡϣ�ϟϕϬϚϦϧϗ �ϤϥϝϦϨϮϝϪ�Ϡϳϙϴϡ�ϦϣϦϚϙϢϝϪ�ϦϧϥϕϢ �ϣϢϕ �ϖϨϙϨϬϝ�ϝϢϣϦϧϥϕϢϟϣϞ � ϦϧϕϢϣϗϝϧϦϴ�ϢϚ� ϤϥϣϦϧϣ�ϝϦϧϝϢϢϣϞ�ϝϥϕϢϟϣϞ � Ϣϣ�ϝϥϕϢϦϟϣϞ� ϕϥϝϦϧϣ�ϟϥϕϧϟϣϞ�ϖϠϕϘϣϙϕϥϴ�ϧϣϡϨ �Ϭϧϣ�ϚϚ�©ϨϙϣϬϚϥϴϚϧª�ϗϗϚϙϚϢϢϰϞ�εϡϝϥ�ϊϣϦϥϣϗϣϡ�ϢϣϗϰϞ�ϤϚϥ�ϦϣϢϕϛ � ηθψνγπ � ϗϣϜϡϣϛϢϣ � ϦϝϡϗϣϠϝϜϝϥϨϳϮϝϞ� ϦϕϡϣϘϣ� ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ�� ιϚϠϕϥϕϡ � ϨϥϕϗϢϚϢϕ�

���Ρ �σ θ ν σ γ τ π ρ μ �Ηγοθ � λ � ς θ σ τ λ η τ νρο � σ ρογπ θ

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ηϣϜϗϥϕϮϕϴϦϱ�ϟ�ωϝϥϙϣϨϦϝ �Ϧϧϣϝϧ�ϣϧϡϚϧϝϧϱ �Ϭϧϣ�ϚϘϣ�ϢϚϘϕϧϝϗϢϣϚ�ϣϧϢϣϭϚϢϝϚ�ϟ�ϛϚϢ�ϮϝϢϕϡ �ϝϢϣϦϧϥϕϢϫϕϡ�ϝ�Ϡϳϙϴϡ�ϢϝϜϟϣϘϣ�ϤϥϣϝϦϪϣϛϙϚϢϝϴ�ϢϚ�ϗϦϚϘϙϕ�ϤϣϦϠϚϙϣϗϕϧϚϠϱϢϣ��ϥϕϜ�ϠϝϬϢϰϚ�ϦϣϬϚϧϕϢϝϴ�ϲϧϝϪ�ϧϥϚϪ�ϟϕϧϚϘϣϥϝϞ�ϝϢϣϘϙϕ�ϙϕϳϧ�ϢϚϣϙϢϣϜϢϕϬϢϰϞ�ϥϚϜϨϠϱϧϕϧ�

ξϚϢ�φϚϢϖϠϥϣϚ�³�ϞϚϢ�ϓϗϙ�ϘϗϟϫϚϟ�ϚϝϚ�ϞϚϢ�ϖϝϱ�ϘϗϟϫϚϟ�ϔϠϝϮϟϠϕϠ�ϡϠϔϗϖϗϟϚϱ"

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��� Χ�Λ � �Οθξ ε λ ξ ξ

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ϒϤϝϜϣϙ �ϣ�ϟϣϧϣϥϣϡ�ϝϙϚϧ�ϥϚϬϱ�³�ϬϚϧϗϚϥϧϰϞ�ϤϣϙϗϝϘ�υϨϦϧϕϡϕ��ϝϦϧϥϚϖϠϚϢϝϚ�ϗϚϙϱϡϰ��σϙϢϕϟϣ�ϗ�ϣϧϠϝϬϝϚ�ϣϧ�ϣϦϧϕϠϱϢϰϪ�ϤϣϚϙϝϢϟϣϗ�Ϧ�ϦϝϠϕϡϝ�ϜϠϕ �ϗ�ϲϧϣϡ�ϦϠϨϬϕϚ�υϨϦϧϕϡ�ϨϖϝϗϕϚϧ�ϢϚ�ϢϕϖϥϕϦϰϗϕϳϮϚϘϣϦϴ�Ϣϕ�ϢϚϘϣ�ϦϧϥϕϭϢϣϘϣ�ϣϘϢϚϙϰϭϕϮϚϘϣ�ϙϥϕϟϣϢϕ �ϕ�ϟϥϕϦϝϗϨϳ�ϛϚϢϮϝ�ϢϨ �ϟϣϧϣϥϕϴ�ϗϰϭϠϕ�ϟ�ϢϚϡϨ�ϝϜ�ϟϨϦϧϣϗ�Ϣϕ�ϠϚϦϢϨϳ�ϤϣϠϴϢϨ �ϥϕϜϛϕϠϣϖϠϚϢϢϕϴ�ϚϘϣ�ϘϥϨϦϧϢϣϞ�ϤϚϦϢϚϞ�ϣ�ϢϚϤϥϝϟϕϴϢϢϣϡ�ϣϙϝϢϣϬϚϦϧϗϚ��υϕϜϨϡϚϚϧϦϴ �ϲϧϣ�ϖϰϠϕ�ϗϚϙϱϡϕ �ϣϖϚϥϢϨϗϭϕϴϦϴ�ϤϥϚ�ϟϥϕϦϢϣϞ�ϙϚϗϨϭϟϣϞ �Ϭϧϣϖϰ�ϢϚ�ϤϨϘϕϧϱ�υϨϦϧϕϡϕ�ϦϗϣϚϞ�ϝϦϧϝϢϢϣϞ�ϢϕϥϨϛϢϣϦϧϱϳ��ςϚϴϦϢϣ �ϢϕϡϚϥϚϗϕϠϕϦϱ�Ϡϝ�ϣϢϕ�ϤϥϝϬϝϢϴϧϱ�ϚϡϨ�ϜϠϣ��ϧϕϟϣϚ�ϗϤϚϬϕϧϠϚϢϝϚ �Ϭϧϣ�ϣϢϕ�ϪϣϧϚϠϕ�ϤϣϦϣϬϨϗϦϧ�ϗϣϗϕϧϱ�ϢϚϦϬϕϦϧϢϣϡϨ �ϟϣϧϣϥϰϞ�ϜϕϪϡϚϠϚϗ�ϣϧ�ϗϰϤϝϧϣϘϣ �ϜϕϧϴϢϨϠ�ϧϣϦϟϠϝϗϰϞ�ϥϣϡϕϢϦ��σϙϢϕ�ϟϣ �ϜϕϤϣϙϣϜϥϝϗ�ϢϚϠϕϙϢϣϚ �υϨϦϧϕϡ�ϗϙϥϨϘ�ϤϣϡϴϢϨϠ�ζϣϘϕ�ϝ�ϳϢϕϴ�ϟϥϕϦϕϗϝϫϕ�ϤϥϚϗϥϕϧϝϠϕϦϱ�ϗ�ϨϥϣϙϠϝϗϨϳ�ϦϧϕϥϨϪϨ �ϟϣϧϣϥϨϳ�ϣϢ�ϧϣϧϬϕϦ�ϛϚ�ϤϣϞϡϕϠ�ϗ�ϠϕϦϦϣ�ϝ�ϥϕϦϦϚϟ�ϤϣϤϣϠϕϡ��

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��� Χ�Λ � �Οθξ ε λ ξ ξ

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