Officer Health & Well-BeingA healthy service is a productive service

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Putting off that health check? Work, life, familytaking a priority? Have a concern but not surewhere to turn?

Our ‘first steps’ guidance is here to help you – in findingout more; where to go for help; and finding out the bestways to either get, or offer, support.

It’s a fact that officers have to work longer, manageincidents with fewer resources, have higher workloadsand take on more responsibility – all while maintaining afit and healthy lifestyle required to pass the annualfitness test.

Ill health can affect anyone – some issues affect bothsexes, while some are gender specific. Our aim here isto provide you with some useful information andpreventative advice.

“It’s a fact thatofficers have towork longer,manageincidents withfewer resources,have higherworkloads andtake on moreresponsibility –all whilemaintaining a fit and healthylifestyle”

Your health & well-being, our priority

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Index

Common problems for men and women 4Alcohol 4

Blood pressure 4

Cancer 5

Breast Cancer 5

Cardiovascular disease 6

Osteoporosis 6

Mental health 7

Depression 7

Stress-related illness 8

Moles 8

Musculoskeletal health 8

Obesity 9

Smoking 9

Women’s health 10Cervical cancer 10

Fertility treatment 10

Lung cancer in women 10

Menopause 11

Menstruation 11

Ovarian cancer 12

Post natal illness 12

Pregnancy and maternity 13

Toxic shock syndrome 13

Men’s health 14Enlarged prostate 14

Impotence 14

Male midlife crisis 15

Testicular cancer 15

Useful health tips 16Five choices to help you stay healthy 16

Ten ways to boost your health 16

Weight loss 16

Additional sources of support 17Police Treatment and Rehabilitation Centres

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Best practice for managers 18

Bibiography 19

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Common problems for men and women

AlcoholMore than 90 per cent of people in the UK drinkalcohol. In moderation, drinking alcohol isn’tlikely to be a problem, but drinking too much orat the wrong time can be harmful.

About one in three men and one in six womenhave a health problem caused by alcohol, andaccording to the Royal College of Psychiatrists,around one in 15 men and one in 50 women arephysically addicted to alcohol.

Abuse of alcohol also leads to long term physicalhealth problems such as liver disease and anincreased risk of some cancers, as well as mentalhealth problems such as depression, memory lossand brain damage.

More information is available from the RoyalCollege of Psychologists, who produce a helpfulleaflet, entitled Alcohol - what does it really cost?

If you think you may have a reliance on alcohol,call Drinkline on 0300 123 1110.

Blood pressure It is thought that around 30% of people in Englandhave high blood pressure, and many don't evenknow it. Though more than half of them are over60, a large number are younger. Could you be oneof them?

High blood pressure is common and often has nosymptoms.

The only way to know if you have high bloodpressure is to have your blood pressure checked.Health professionals such as nurses, pharmacistsand GPs can check your blood pressure with asimple test.

High blood pressure increases your risk of having aheart attack or stroke, but there are things youcan do to lower your blood pressure. For NHS guidance on blood pressure, visit the NHSChoices webpage on healthy blood pressure.

For NHS guidance on drinking and alcohol, visit the NHS Choices webpages on drinking

and alcohol.

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CancerCancer is a condition where cells in a specific partof the body grow and reproduce uncontrollably.The cancerous cells can invade and destroysurrounding healthy tissue, including organs.

There are over 200 different types of cancer, eachwith its own methods of diagnosis and treatment.You can find out more about specific types ofcancer by visiting the NHS Choices webpageCancer information and useful links.

Breast cancerBreast cancer is the most common cancer inEngland and Wales and accounts for 30% of allcancers in women. The first symptom of breastcancer for many women is a lump in their breast;however 9 out of 10 breast lumps are benign,meaning they are not cancerous.

NHS Choices has more information on how breastcancer affects both men and women.Most benign lumps are • Areas of benign breast change, causing

lumpiness that is more obvious just before aperiod, particularly in women over 35

• Cysts, which are sacs of fluid in the breasttissue and are quite common

• Fibro adenoma – a collection of fibrousglandular tissue.

These are more common in younger women.

• 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer atsome point in their lives

• It’s the most common cause of death fromcancer in women

• There may be a relationship between shift workand breast cancer. The research suggests that

the effect of altered light exposure at night onlevels of melatonin or other hormones mayhave an impact on the risk of cancer

• Women who breast feed are statistically lesslikely to develop breast cancer than those whodo not.

Common problems for men and women

For further reading on breast cancer, try the websites of Breast Cancer Care and the

NHS Choices webpages on breast cancer awareness.

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Common problems for men and women

Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular diseases (CVD) affect the heartand/or blood vessels, and can cause blood flowto the heart, brain or body to be reduced as theresult of a blood clot or a build-up of fattydeposits within the lining of the body’s arteries.

There are four main types of CVD: coronary heartdisease, strokes, peripheral arterial disease andaortic disease.

Cardiovascular diseases can be prevented byimplementing a number of lifestyle changes suchas not smoking, eating a balanced and healthydiet, regular exercise and only drinking alcohol inmoderation.

OsteoporosisOsteoporosis is a condition that affects both menand women, where bones become so porous andfragile that they can break very easily. This is acommon condition that affects people of allages, but particularly those in midlife. In the UK,one in two women and one in five men over theage of 50 will break a bone, commonly in thewrist, spine and hip, as a result of osteoporosis.These broken bones can result in considerablepain, disability and loss of independence.

After the age of 35, bone loss increases verygradually as part of the natural ageing process.This bone loss becomes more rapid in women forseveral years following the menopause and canlead to osteoporosis. The female hormoneoestrogen has a protective effect on bones.During the menopause, the ovaries almost stopproducing this hormone, reducing the protectionit gives to bones.

The risk of developing osteoporosis can bereduced by taking plenty of weight bearingexercise and eating a well-balanced, calcium-rich diet, not smoking and reducing alcoholintake.

Should you have concerns that you may be atrisk, seek the advice of your GP.The NHS may be able to offer a scan whichmeasures bone density. It is a simple, painlessprocedure and is recommended for thoseconsidered to be at high risk of breaking a bonedue to osteoporosis and may need drugtreatment to strengthen their bones.

The National Osteoporosis Society has moreinformation on this topic.

For more information, see the NHS Choices webpages on CVD, or

Patient.co.uk’s CVD webpages.

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Common problems for men and women

Mental health Sound mental health is as important as soundphysical health, but can be more difficult toidentify. One in four people will experienceproblems with their mental health at some pointin their lives, so it’s an issue that is likely toaffect most people – whether personally, orthrough contact with others. Seeking advice andsupport is crucial to recovery and maintaininggood mental health, and the sources of supportavailable and working to tackle taboos related tomental illness are more accessible than ever.

There are many factors that contribute to mentalwellbeing, but the following 12 tips for stayinghappy1 may be helpful –

1. Keep physically active 2. Eat well 3. Only drink alcohol in moderation 4. Value yourself and others 5. Talk about your feelings 6. Keep in touch with friends and family 7. Care for others 8. Get involved, make a contribution 9. Learn a new skill 10. Do something creative 11. Take a break 12. Ask for help

Depression Depression affects people in different ways andcan cause a wide variety of symptoms.

They range from lasting feelings of sadness andhopelessness, to losing interest in the things youused to enjoy and feeling very tearful. Manypeople with depression also have symptoms ofanxiety.

There can be physical symptoms too, such asfeeling constantly tired, sleeping badly, havingno appetite or sex drive and complaining ofvarious aches and pains.

The severity of the symptoms can vary. At itsmildest, you may feel persistently low in spirit,while at its most severe depression can make youfeel suicidal and that life is no longer worthliving. If you’ve been having feelings of extremesadness, contact your GP.

Depression is a real illness with real effects onyour work, social and family life. Treatmentusually involves a combination of self-help,talking therapies and drugs.

Depression is more common in women, but menare far more likely to commit suicide. This maybe because men are more reluctant to seek help.

Some key sources of advice and support includethe NHS Choices webpages on mental health, the

Mental Health Foundation and Mind.

More via NHS Choices webpages on stress, anxiety anddepression, clinical depression, Depression Alliance's

website and Mind’s webpages.

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Common problems for men and women

Stress-related illnessStress, mental illness, back pain andmusculoskeletal disorders are some of the largestcauses of absence in both manual and non-manual workers.

Factors that help individuals counter stressinclude:• being realistic their job• having a good job ‘fit’• finding work meaningful• being physically fit and eating well• having a flexible coping style• working for an organisation that has flexible

working practices• having social support

MolesCheck your moles regularly and be aware of anychange in colour or shape, or if they startbleeding. Most changes are harmless and are dueto a non-cancerous increase of pigment cells inthe skin.

See your GP if a mole looks unusual or becomesitchy. It can then be checked and removed ifnecessary.

To minimise your risk of skin cancer, avoidexposure to the sun between 11am and 3pm.Cover up and use sunscreen with a sun protectionfactor of at least 15 when you're in the sun.

Musculoskeletal healthMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) such as backpain are very common. According to a surveypublished in 2000, almost half (49 per cent) ofthe UK’s adult population report low back painlasting for at least 24 hours at some time in theyear, and it’s estimated that four out of everyfive adults (80 per cent) will experience backpain at some stage in their life.

As well as back pain, some work tasks can lead toemployees experiencing problems with theirupper limbs and neck. These may be caused byprolonged, repetitive tasks, such as when usingcomputers or working on a production line.

The NHS advises that back pain isn’t normallyserious, and in most cases the best treatment isto stay active, with sensible levels of movementand using over-the-counter painkillers if needed.However seek early treatment and diagnosis.

For more information, see the NHS Choiceswebpages on moles, which also feature a

mole self-assessment tool. See the NHS Choices webpages on back pain for further guidance.

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Common problems for men and women

ObesityAccording to a recent research review, obesity hasmore than trebled in the UK during the past 25years. Being obese or overweight is associated witha higher likelihood of suffering numerous chronicillnesses, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes,joint disorders and certain types of cancer.

Obesity costs England 18 million sick days and30,000 deaths every year. The increase in obesityappears to be due largely to a decrease in physicalactivity: calorie intake has changed little since 1980,but the UK now travels 25 per cent less on foot or bybicycle, and watches twice as much TV.

Healthy eating isn’t just about maintaining a healthyweight. A balanced diet can help to preventdigestive disorders (e.g. constipation), irondeficiency (which can make people feel tired,irritable and less able to concentrate), boneconditions such as osteoporosis, and some cancers,such as those of the gastrointestinal tract as well assome hormone-related cancers (e.g. breast).

Some also suggest that deficiencies in some vitaminsand minerals can increase the chance of feelingdepressed. Obesity can have an impact on healthand safety at work, for instance by affectingemployees’ fitness for physically active tasks andtheir ability to carry out tasks safely, such as manualhandling.

SmokingThe impact of smoking on health is welldocumented. It’s one of the biggest causes of deathand illness in the UK, resulting in 114,000 deaths ayear. Smoking increases the risk of at least 50medical conditions, some of which can be fatal.Others can cause irreversible, chronic damage tohealth.

These include:• cancers of the lung, mouth, throat, larynx,

oesophagus, bladder, kidney, pancreas andstomach

• coronary heart disease• stroke• chronic bronchitis and emphysema• impotence and reduced fertility• dementia• digestive problems

The NHS’ Change4Life campaign has some helpful tips on how to be more active.

See the NHS Choices webpages on back pain for further guidance.

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Women’s Health

Cervical CancerCervical cancer is thought to be caused byinfection with the human papilloma virus or HPV.The symptoms of cervical cancer aren’t alwaysobvious and it may not cause any symptoms at alluntil it has reached an advanced stage. The mostcommon symptom of cervical cancer is bleedingfrom the vagina at other times than during aperiod. You may have bleeding;

• Between periods• After or during sex• At any time if you are past the menopause

Cervical cancer can be easily diagnosed andtreated if caught early. Women aged 20 -64 should be screened every 3 - 5 years. Cervicalcancer is the second most common cancer in theunder 35 age group. 2,700 women in the UK arediagnosed yearly. There are 24,000 severelyabnormal cervical screens each year. Recentlythe NHS has commenced a vaccinationprogramme for teenage girls who wish to beprotected against HPV. More here on NHSChoices.

Fertility Treatment (IVF)Men and women sometimes need time off workfor fertility treatment. Families going throughfertility treatment will need support as this is asensitive time and for the treatment to besuccessful, care needs to be taken.

• Check to see if your force has a fertilitytreatment policy which may include anagreement for paid leave for such treatment.

• Confidentiality should be respected

Lung cancer in womenLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deathamong women in the UK. It kills almost 4,000more women each year than breast cancer.

In 2008, more than 17,900 women werediagnosed with lung cancer in the UK, making itthe third most common cancer in women afterbreast cancer and bowel cancer.

Lung cancer is declining among men, but the rateamong women remains high. Between 1993 and2008, cases of lung cancer in men fell by almosta third, while cases in women increased by 11%.More here on NHS Choices.

For further information visit IVF explained or the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority

webpages.

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Women’s Health

Menopause The menopause, also known as the 'change of life'is the end of menstruation. This means a woman'sovaries stop producing an egg every four weeks.She will no longer have a monthly period or beable to have children.

In the UK, the average age for a woman to reachthe menopause is 52, although women canexperience the menopause in their 30s or 40s.

If a woman experiences the menopause when sheis less than 45 years of age, it is known as apremature menopause. Menstruation (monthly periods) can sometimesstop suddenly when you reach the menopause.However, it is more likely that your periods willbecome less frequent, with longer intervals inbetween each one before they stop altogether.For more information see the links below.

The University of Nottingham were commissionedby the British Association for Women in Policing(BAWP) to research the experience of aging atwork for women police officers aged 40 and over.The full report can be found here on the BAWP’swebsite.

MenstruationPre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) can be verydebilitating. Women can experience extremeemotions such as depression, aggression,tiredness, irritability and bloating. Changes inthe levels of progesterone and oestrogen cancause headaches. According to the NationalAssociation for Pre Menstrual Syndrome (NAPMS),one woman in three will regularly experiencePMS symptoms and one in twenty will havesymptoms of severe PMS. Research suggests anumber of factors can be associated withmenstrual disorders including physically/mentallydemanding work, exposure to environmentalnoise and hot/cold working conditions.

For further information, see the NHS Choices webpageon the symptoms of PMS.

For further information on the symptoms, causes and treatments, see the

NHS Choices webpages on menopause.

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Women’s Health

Ovarian Cancer Cancer of the ovary affects more than 6,500women in the UK each year. It is the fifth mostcommon cancer among women after breastcancer, bowel cancer, lung cancer and cancer ofthe uterus (womb).

Ovarian cancer is most common in women whohave had the menopause (usually over the age of50), but it can affect women of any age.

As the symptoms of ovarian cancer can be similarto those of other conditions, it can be difficult torecognise. However, there are early symptoms tolook out for, such as persistent bloating, pain inthe pelvis and lower stomach, and difficultyeating.

If you experience these symptoms, it isimportant to see your GP.

Post natal illnessPost natal illness (PNI) affects between 70,000and 100,000 women in the UK everyyear. It is rightly called ‘the silent epidemic’.Symptoms include;

• Panic attacks and anxiety• Feeling ill and having physical symptoms that

are unusual for you such as chest pains,breathing problems, headaches, dizziness,many minor illnesses and stomach upsets. Youmay often feel confused and/or have ‘foggy’vision

• Worrying constantly about the health ofyourself, your baby, other children or familyand friends

• Obsessive thoughts, repetitive chanting orhearing voices

• Having worries that everyday objects such asknives, stairs, play equipment or even your carare dangerous and could harm your child,yourself or your family

• Having ‘what if’ thoughts and theconsequences

• Feeling that you are a ‘bad’ mother or a ‘bad’person

Don’t try to cope alone, talk about your feelingsand accept any offers of help. Remember PNI isan illness and mothers who suffer from it WILLrecover.

It is highly likely that a certain proportion offemale staff within the police service will sufferfrom PNI. They should be appropriatelysupported and treated with sensitivity.

For more information, check out the webpages onovarian cancer at NHS Choices, Ovarian Cancer

Action and Cancer Research UK.

More here on NHS Choices or the Associationfor Post Natal Illness or PNI.org.uk

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Pregnancy and maternity ‘New and expectant mothers’ is a term used forwomen who are pregnant, have given birth in thelast 6 months or are breast feeding. They faceincreased health and safety risks in theworkplace, such as exposure to chemicals andother harmful agents, and physical hazards, suchas manual handling.

Pregnancy should not be treated as an illness.However, normal working conditions may not besuitable during pregnancy and whilst breastfeeding.

The UK’s Health and Safety Executive has somehelpful advice for employers on a providing asafe and healthy working environment, whichincludes a leaflet, New and expectant motherswho work, and webpages devoted to the topic.

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)TSS is a rare but potentially fatal illness. Anyonecan get TSS, but for reasons that are still notunderstood, a significant proportion of casesoccur in women who are on their period andusing tampons. It is caused where normallyharmless bacteria, commonly found in the nose,armpit, groin or vagina suddenly produce toxins.Symptoms include sudden high temperature,vomiting, rapid pulse, fluid loss, sore throat,aching muscles, skin rash, dizziness, headachesand confusion.

If you develop a sudden fever and one or more ofthe other symptoms listed above, it is stillextremely unlikely that you have TSS.Nevertheless, symptoms like these should neverbe ignored. Contact your GP, local out-of-hoursservice or NHS Direct (on 111) immediately. Ifyou are wearing a tampon, remove it straightaway.

Women under 30 are 3 times more at risk thanolder women. Women who have suffered from amild form have a high risk of contracting it againif they continue to use tampons.

Women’s Health

More on symptoms, causes and treatment on NHS choices

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Men’s HealthOn average, men go to their GP half as often aswomen. It's important to be aware of changes toyour health, and to see your GP immediately ifyou notice something that's not right.

For health information specific to men, aged 18 –39, see NHS Choices and aged 40 – 60, also onNHS Choices.

Important information on five health symptomsmen should never ignore.

Enlarged prostate When the prostate is enlarged, it can press onthe tube that carries urine from the bladder. Thiscan make it hard to pass urine, which can be asign of prostate disease, including cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer inmen in the UK. More than 40,000 men arediagnosed with it every year. Other symptoms ofprostate disease include:

• Needing to urinate more frequently, especiallyin the middle of the night

• Needing to rush to urinate• Difficulty in starting • Straining and taking a long time whilst

urinating• Weak flow• A feeling that the bladder has not emptied• Pain or burning when you pass urine

Impotence Most men have problems getting or keeping anerection (impotence) at some point. See your GPif your erection problems last for several weeks.

Generally, lifestyle changes, such as losingweight and exercise, can correct the problem.Some men may need medication such assildenafil (also known as Viagra).

Your GP is likely to assess your general healthbecause impotence, also known as erectiledysfunction, can be a sign of more seriousconditions, such as heart disease, diabetes orhigh blood pressure.

For more information on causes, diagnosis andtreatment, see the NHS choices webpage

If you have any of these symptoms, see your GP. Symptoms and sources of support.

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Male Midlife Crisis The male midlife crisis is often made fun of, butfor many it is a distressing experience.

A male midlife crisis can happen when men thinkthey've reached life's halfway stage. Anxietiesover what they've accomplished so far, either intheir job or personal life, can cause a period ofdepression. In men, this usually happens betweenthe ages of 35 and 50.

Health experts think this may be related to thebrain or hormonal changes.

Testicular cancer Testicular cancer is the most common cancer inmen aged 20 to 35. Nearly 2,000 men arediagnosed with testicular cancer each year in theUK, and regular self-examination isrecommended.

If you notice a lump or abnormality in yourtesticles, first see your GP.

Most testicular lumps are not cancer, but it isessential to have any abnormalities checked. Thisis because treatment for testicular cancer ismuch more effective if the cancer is diagnosedearly.

Men’s Health

Further information on testicular lumps and swellings.

Further information on the male midlife crisis andwhere to go to for support.

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Useful health tips

Five choices to help you stayhealthySimilarly, Patient.co.uk recommend five majorlifestyle choices that mean you will be less likelyto develop heart disease, stroke, diabetes, liverproblems, lung problems, and certain cancers: • Don’t smoke• Take regular exercise• Eat a healthy diet• Try to lose weight if you’re overweight• Don’t drink too much alcohol

Ten ways to boost your health According to the NHS, there are no big secrets togood health – they have a list of ten things thatyou can do today to improve your health:

1. Check your weight 2. Drink less 3. Reduce your salt and fat intake 4. Exercise regularly 5. Eat more fruit and vegetables 6. Manage your stress levels 7. Improve your sleep 8. Quit smoking 9. Check your sexual health 10. Check that lump

Weight loss Having a large amount of fat on the stomach(compared to on the thighs or bottom) has beenlinked to a higher chance of developing diseasessuch as diabetes and heart disease. However, it’simportant to address weight loss sensibly.

Try the NHS’ weight loss guide and weight loss tips, and see a GP in cases of substantial

weight loss.

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Police Treatment and RehabilitationCentres There are several services that focus specificallyon the health and wellbeing of serving and retiredpolice officers.

The Police Treatment Centres operates twotreatment centres at St Andrews, near Harrogate,North Yorkshire, and Castlebrae in Auchterarder,Perthshire, while the Police Rehabilitation Centrzis located at Flint House in Goring-on-Thames,Oxfordshire.

The centres provide a space where serving andretired police officers can receive treatment,rest, recuperation and support following an illnessor injury sustained on or off-duty, with manyservices and treatments tailored specifically topolice officers’ needs.

Check the Police Treatment Centres’ website (fordetails on their Yorkshire and Perthshire centres)

or

the Police Rehabilitation Centre’s website(Oxfordshire) for more information.

Government informationThe government’s strategy paper, Health, workand well-being – Caring for our future, is clearlyfocused on strategies for preventing ill health andsupporting those with health problems.

Additional sources of support

© Flint House

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Best practice for managers

Cancer Check to see if there is a policy on cancerscreening which may include paid time off forscreening, follow-up appointments and necessarytreatment

Provide staff with information on screening (Thisfacility should be available to all women workersregardless of age and working hours)

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––MenopauseRaise awareness amongst managers about healthimplications which could affect work like sleepdisturbance, hot flushes, poor concentration andmemory

Increase sources of support and information

Improve working environments: toilet/showerfacilities, workstation/seating support, improvedventilation etc.

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Mental healthCheck to see if your force has a stress policy

Be vigilant to colleagues who may have beeninvolved in a traumatic event at work or who areexperiencing stress in their personal lives

Monitor workloads

Raise any concerns with HR

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Musculoskeletal healthRefer individuals to HR at an early stage forworkplace and desk assessments

Safety representatives should ensure that riskassessments take in to account changes toworkstations to improve working postures

Encourage assessments of manual handling tasks

OsteoporosisProvide all staff with information and adviceabout osteoporosis

Involve Occupational Health Units in promotingawareness of this condition

Check to see if your force has a menopause policywhich may include osteoporosis and the provisionof paid time off for screening and treatment

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Pre Menstrual SyndromeRaise awareness of the risks in the workplace andimprove facilities

Develop workplace guidelines

Nominate a designated person (preferably awoman) to give advice and support

Conduct a review of sickness and absencemanagement procedures to monitor and suggestmodifying the trigger levels for sickness absenceprocedures to take account of PMS.

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Pregnancy and maternityProvide training in how work may be altered toaccommodate changes in posture and physicalcapability, including taking breaks duringpregnancy

Consider job rotation, relocation or suspension onfull pay

Liaise with the woman’s own GP to ensurecapability

Risk-assess the situation after a return to workfrom maternity leave

The PFEW guide to family leave and flexibleworking contains risk assessment templates whichcan be utilised by forces to carry out continuousrisk assessments.

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Bibliography1 Source: Making it possible:improving mental health and well-being in England.

Web links to furtherinformation

There are web links throughout the document that takes you tomore information. If you have aprinted version, please find below web sites referred to in each section.

Common problems for men and women

Alcoholwww.rcpsych.ac.ukwww.nhs.uk

Blood pressurewww.nhs.uk

Cancerwww.nhs.ukwww.breastcancercare.org.uk

Cardiovascular diseasewww.nhs.ukwww.patient.co.ukwww.ovarian.org.ukwww.cancerresearchuk.org

Osteoporosiswww.nos.org.uk

Mental healthwww.nhs.ukwww.mentalhealth.org.ukwww.mind.org.ukwww.depressionalliance.org

Moleswww.nhs.uk

Musculoskeletal healthwww.nhs.uk

Obesitywww.nhs.uk

Smokingwww.nhs.uk

Women’s health

IVFwww.nhs.ukwww.hfea.gov.uk

Menopausewww.nhs.ukwww.bawp.org

Menstruationwww.nhs.uk

Post natal illnesswww.nhs.ukwww.apni.orgwww.pni.org.uk

Pregnancy and maternitywww.hse.gov.uk

Men’s healthwww.nhs.uk

Impotencewww.nhs.uk

Male midlife crisiswww.nhs.uk

Five choices to help you stayhealthywww.patient.co.uk

Ten ways to boost your healthwww.nhs.uk

Weight losswww.nhs.uk

Additional sources of supportwww.thepolicetreatmentcentres.orgwww.flinthouse.co.uk

Government paper on ‘healthwork and well-being – caring forour future’ www.gov.uk

Acknowledgements: Photography ©Shutterstock, all web sources throughout thispublication and Julie Noble.

Picture: © Dudarev Mikhail / Shutterstock

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Your health &

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