MUDURNU CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN- RCAC Presentation

MUDURNU CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN:

CONSERVATION-‐LED SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AN ANATOLIAN SILK ROAD TOWN OVERVIEW AND PROGRESS UPDATE ON SITE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROJECT

Dr. A. Ege YILDIRIM

Heritage Planner, J.M. Kaplan Senior Fellow for Archaeological Site Management

Istanbul, 20 November 2013

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Contents

•  Background

•  Project Site: Mudurnu and its Heritage Assets •  Major IniTaTves taken in Mudurnu for Cultural and Natural Environmental Assets

•  Emergence of Site Management •  Management Planning Methodology •  Turkey: Site Management in NaTonal LegislaTon and PracTce

•  Scope of Mudurnu Cultural Heritage Management Plan

•  Project Works Undertaken So Far •  Research QuesTons and Issues

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Background

•  ‘Urban ConservaLon Projects and Governance’ (‘Kentsel Koruma Projelerinde Aktörlerin Örgütlenmesi’) (2011), PhD DissertaLon, Ankara University, Social Environmental Sciences Program. Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emre Madran •  Focus Case Studies of DissertaTon: Gaziantep (metropolitan), Kuşadası (mid-‐size

tourist city), Mudurnu (small town, economic decline)

•  New research project, building on accumulated knowledge of dissertaTon: •  ‘Developing a Cultural Heritage Management Plan for Mudurnu, with the aim of

sustainable balance between conserva8on and development for benefit of the town’s heritage resources and the local community’

•  Factors in proposing the project: •  Test of ‘Site Management’ idea on an ‘unlikely’ but deserving site (urban se^ngs

of modest scale, no current WHS agenda), applying naTonal legislaTon •  ‘Giving back’: technical assistance to Mudurnu municipality •  Tourism not yet taken full force, good Tme for heritage management planning

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•  Historic town (urban conservaTon site) in Bolu Province, NW Turkey. District pop. (2007): 4,856. Agriculture, animal husbandry. Silk Road trade, ‘Ahi’ (guild) tradiTon. River valley, Tmber frame architecture, ByzanTne citadel (Moderna), Ogoman monumental architecture, dervish saint tombs, Republican heritage

•  Collapse of poultry industry in 2001; economic revitalizaTon efforts through cultural and eco-‐tourism •  ‘Project for Tourism-‐based RevitalizaLon of TradiLonal Architecture’ (studied in dissertaTon): Minor &

comprehensive repairs in historic buildings, adapTve reuse, visual improvements in public realm. Coordinated with Provincial Dir. for Culture & Tourism, new grant scheme of Ministry of Culture & Tourism, used for design & execuTon of 30 restoraTon projects

Project Site: Mudurnu

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Natural seSng/ cultural landscape: River valley, thermal springs

Project Site: Mudurnu -‐ 2

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Classical/ ByzanLne heritage: Bythinia, Citadel named aler Princess Moderna


6 Timber civilian architectural heritage-‐ OVoman period


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Monumental architectural heritage-‐ OVoman period: Yıldırım Bayezid Mosque (1374) and Hamam, Sultan Suleiman Mosque, Bazaar/ Arasta, Clock Tower


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Republican heritage: Kuva-‐yı Milliye (Mustafa Kemal’s Turkish NaTonal Forces), Pertev Naili Boratav, early Turkish photography


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Intangible heritage: ‘Ahi’ tradiTon (trade guilds), Dervish Saints and their tombs, food


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New development projects outside of urban conservaLon site: TOKİ (mass housing), Sarot Thermal Resort


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•  LisTng of individual historic buildings, 1970s-‐-‐: 215 registered (tescilli), 138 protected by plan

•  DesignaTon of urban conservaTon site, 1992 •  ConservaTon plan, 1991-‐97 •  Membership in TKB, 2000 •  ‘Project for Tourism-‐based RevitalizaTon of TradiTonal Architecture’:

street and building scale intervenTons, 2002-‐03

Major IniLaLves taken in Mudurnu for PreservaLon & Development of Cultural and Natural Environmental Assets

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•  2002-‐03: ‘3T’ project: tourism, texTle, agriculture (tarım) •  2010: Mudurnu Workshop (Mudurnu Çalıştayı) •  2011: Silk Road Tourism Development Union (municipaliTes

of region’s districts) •  2012-‐03: ‘Archeological park’, ‘City Museum’

Major IniTaTves taken in Mudurnu for PreservaTon & Development of Cultural and Natural Environment-‐ 2

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Emergence of Site Management

•  Strategic planning: •  ‘How’ to achieve ‘what’ we want? Result à Process •  ImplementaTon mechanisms defined collaboraTvely

with stakeholders at every stage of the process •  VerTcal hierarchies à Horizontal, mulT-‐actor

•  Value-‐based conservaLon: •  ‘Who is conservaTon for?’, ‘who defines values to be

conserved?’, ‘who should carry out conservaTon?’ •  ‘How can we conserve heritage together?’

•  Management Plan requirement in UNESCO WHS •  Feilden ve Jokilehto (1993), Stovel (1998), Cleere (2010) •  OperaLonal Guidelines for ImplementaLn of WH

ConvenLon (2012): a documented management system defining how the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of a property should be preserved

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Management Planning Methodology A roadmap for how a site’s significance will be preserved together with stakeholders of the site

Basic features and prioriLes of management planning: •  Physical master plan (‘result’) + strategic plan (process, implementaLon): ConnecTng physical plans with

with a roadmap that defines the process and means of implementaTon: integraTng exisTng conservaTon plan and other development plans with socio-‐economic targets

•  Open-‐ended, flexible process: conTnuum of acTviTes; systemaTc cycle of planning, implementaTon, monitoring, evaluaLon, feedback, revision

•  MulL-‐stakeholder: parTcipaTon, cooperaTon and solidarity; local capacity building; awareness raising; accountability and transparency

Main stages of management planning: a)  DefiniLon of planning framework: Decision-‐makers/ stakeholders, shared mission, calendar, budget,

consultaTon-‐parTcipaTon procedures; establishment of project team b)  Site Analysis/ IdenLficaLon: development of a database/ inventory encompassing built, intangible and

natural heritage assets and their overarching cultural landscape, c)  Assessment of Significance: Development of an agreed significance statement based on the cultural and

natural assets of Mudurnu town and district d)  Appraisal/ SWOT Analysis: state of conservaTon, administraTve and socio-‐ economic contexts, stakeholder

groups and interests, etc. e)  Shared Vision : overall vision around which stakeholders can collaborate, f)  Policies/ RecommendaLons: set of evolving policies, principles and recommendaTons, g)  AcLon Plan(s): development of short-‐/ mid-‐/ long-‐term goals and acTons according to strategic prioriTes h)  ImplementaLon, monitoring, evaluaLon, revision of plan

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Turkey: Site Management in LegislaLon

•  2004: Change in Law 2863 (Kültür ve Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Kanunu) with Law 5226: introducTon of management areas etc (yöneLm alanları, ulusal müzeler, anıt eserler)

•  2005: Site Management RegulaLon detailing how relevant arTcles in Law 2863 will be implemented (Alan YöneLmi ile Anıt Eser Kurulunun Kurulus ve Görevleri ile YöneLm Alanlarının Belirlenmesine ilişkin Usul ve Esaslar hk. Yönetmelik)

•  Basic legal procedure: Management Area (Yöne8m alanı): ConservaTon sites (sit alanları), archeological ruins/ sites (ören yerleri) & their ‘interacLon’/ buffer zones (etkileşim sahaları) and ‘connecLon points’ (bağlanY noktaları) Management Plan (Yöne8m planı): ‘Business management project’ (işletme projesi), ‘conservaLon and develoment project’ (koruma ve gelişim projesi) (1, 5 year revision cycles) Authorized agency (Yetkili idare) (Municipality/ Min.Cult.&Tourism): Approves management area; prepares dral MP, at least 2 meeLngs with stakeholders before and during preparaTon Advisory Council (Danışma kurulu): reviews dral MP Site Director, CoordinaLon and RegulaLon Council (+ regulaLon unit) (Alan başkanı, eşgüdüm ve denetleme kurulu (+ dene8m birimi)): approves MP, controls implementaTon Mandatory for public and private organizaTons and persons to comply with MP

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•  Management Plans prepared in Turkey 2002: Pamukkale 2003-‐11: Istanbul MP process: UNESCO concerns/pressures, 2004-‐05 legislaTon, 2006 Site Directorate, 2011 MP approved 2011: Edirne-‐ Selimiye, 2012: Çatalhöyük, 2013: Bursa, Bergama Increasing examples in non-‐WHS sites

•  PracLce is complex and problemaLc compared to legislaLon; long and difficult road

ahead for overcoming current obstacles and entrenched habits Top-‐down comprehensive planning approach sTll dominant Problems in embracing shared vision, capacity building, negoTaTon, autonomy, long-‐term acTon plans Pre-‐condiTon for SM: spread/ establisment of culture of collaboraLon (Dinçer 2013)

Turkey: Site Management in PracLce

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Scope of Mudurnu Cultural Heritage Management Plan

•  A development strategy that safeguards local heritage resources •  Time:

•  Koç University fellowship: 4.5 months (15 Sept-‐ 30 Jan) (project may conTnue aler fellowship)

•  Targets: •  Establishing Strategic Framework (appropriate approach for Mudurnu’s needs and

capabiliTes, based on naTonal legislaTon and internaTonal standards) •  IdenTfying and confirming Project Partnerships •  Holding InformaLon MeeLngs with project partners and other stakeholders •  Preparing Drak Plan Report (with support of Municipality and other stakeholders)

•  Vision •  Site significance, site condiTons •  Principles •  AcTon Plans (using appropriate legislaTve and financial tools appropriate for parTcular

context of Mudurnu) •  Finalizing Plan Report based on review by stakeholders •  SupporTng Municipality in forming Local Core Team for future management planning and

implementaTon works

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Project Works Undertaken So Far •  General literature review, bibliography development •  PresentaTon at Annual Urbanism Colloquium of the Chamber of

City Planners, İzmir: ‘Site Management for WHS in Turkey’ •  Phd DissertaTon review •  Strategic framework development •  Site Visit 1, Oct.30-‐Nov.1:

–  outreach and refreshing contacts with Muncipality and other parTes

•  Site Visit 2, Nov. 11-‐12: –  agendance in regional municipaliTes meeTng, –  submi^ng official wrigen requests for project partnership, acquiring

some responses

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Research QuesLons and Issues

Current Issues •  Procedures defined in the legislaTon versus approaches more tailored to specific site

context –  Time/ budgetary scale of project, –  Resources/ capacity for site management in Mudurnu municipality/of local environment –  Possibility of taking to regional level explored, funds from Regional Dev. Agencies

•  Defining the right stakeholders, engaging them in the appropriate manner in the process, securing adequate ‘buy-‐in’

ProspecLve Issues •  Ensuring implementable, relevant, useful outputs

–  Gathering adequate background informaTon on site (historical, architectural/ urban, etc) –  Gathering stakeholder input into project vision –  Garnering enough support from local human resources

•  Achieving implementaTon and follow-‐up process

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Thanks for your agenTon!

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Mehmet İnegöl, Mayor of Mudurnu

MUDURNU CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN- RCAC Presentation

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