Minor Products of Philippine Forests - Forgotten Books

Mino r Pro ducts ofPhilippineFo rests

EDITED BY

William H . Brown, Ph . D . ,

Chief, Divisio n of Investigatio n , Bureau of Fo restry ; Professo r of Bo tany,

University of the Philippines; and Plant Physio logist,Bureau of Science

VOLUME III

Department ofAgriculture and Natural Reso urces

Bureau ofFo restry

Bulletin No . 22

A rthur F. Fischer, Directo r of Fo restry

BdAdflIIuk

BUREAU OF PR INTING1921

177674

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCESBUREAU OF FORESTRY

B u l le tin No . 2 2 , Vo l um e " I

ARTHUR F. FISCHER, Directo r o f Fo res try

CONTENTS

Pag e .

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS FROM PHILIPPINE FORESTS . William H .

PH ILIPPINE PLANTS USED AS SOAP SUBSTITUTES OR SCOURING MATERIALS. William H . B ro wn

OFFICIAL PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS. William H . Brown

POISONOUS PHILIPPINE PLANTS. William H . Brown

M ISCELLANEOUS USEFUL WILD PH ILIPPINE PLANTS. William H .

PHILIPPINE EDIBLE FUNCI. Otto A . R einking

MEDICINAL USES OF PHILIPPINE PLANTS . Le o n Ma . Gu errero

INDEX

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS FROM PHILIPPINE

FORESTS

By WILLIAM H. BROWN

MINOR PRODUCTS OF PH ILIPPINE FORESTS

FIGURE 1 . PLATYCER IUM B IFORME .


FORESTS

CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATIONS

Fam ily Po lyp o diaceaeA sp len ium n idus

Drynaria quercifo lia

Fam ily Lyco p o diaceaeLyco p o dium spp .

Fam ily CycadaceaeCycas rumph ii

Family LiliaceaeLilium philipp inense

Family Orchidaceae

Co rdula argus

Co rdula philipp inen sis

Dendro bium acum inatum

Dendro bium am ethysto glo ssum

Dendro bium ano sm um

Dendro bium aureum

Dendro bium dearei

Dendro bium sanderae

Dendro bium schuetzei

Dendro bium taurinum

Eria merrillii

Gramm ato phyllum measuresianum

Grammato phyllum multiflo rum

Gramm ato phyllum wallisii

Phalaeno p sis amabilis

8 MINOR PRODUCTS OF PH ILIPPINE FORESTS

Descrip tio n o f Sp ecies— C o ntinu ed.

Fam ily Orchidaceae— Co ntinued.

Phalaeno p sis lueddemanniana

Phalaen o psis sch illeriana

Renanth era sto riei

Rhynch o stylis retusa

Spath o glo ttis p licata

Vanda lamellata

Vanda sanderiana

Vando p sis lisso ch ilo ides

Fam ily Nym phaeaceaeNelumbium nelumbo

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS FROM PHILIPPII\ E

FORESTS

ILLUSTRA TIONS

FIG. 1 . Platycerium bifo rm e . From Bureau o f Go vernm ent Labo rato ries Publicatio n No . 28 .

2 . A sp len ium n idus growing in the fo rest

3 . Lilium philipp in en se

4 . A erides quinquevuln erum

A erides qu inquevu ln erum

6 . Dendro bium acum inatum . From Am es , Orchidaceae , II,

Plate 1 7

7 . Dendro bium an o sm um

8 . Dendro bium aureum . From Am es , Orchidaceae , II, Plate1 76

9 . Dendro bium crum enatum

10 . Dendro bium lyo n ii1 1 . Dendro bium sanderae

12 . Dendro bium schuetzei

13 . Dendro bium schuetzei. From Gard. Chro n . LII, Fig . 1 02

14 . Dendro bium taurinum

15 . Dendro bium taurinum

1 6 . Eria m errillii

1 7 . Gramm ato phyllum m ultiflo rum . F rom Ph ll . A gr . Rev . , Vo l.

5 No . 9 , Plate IV18 . Gramm ato phyllum wallisii

19 . Phalaen o p sis am abilis

20 . Phalaen o p sis lueddemann iana

2 1 . Phalaeno p sis sp .

22 . Rhynch o stylis retusa

23 . Spath o g lo ttis p licata . From Bo t . Register 1 838

24 . Vanda lam ellata

25 . Vanda sanderiana

26 . Vanda sanderiana

2 7 . Vando p sis lisso ch ilo ides . From Am es , Orchidaceae , I I , page

22 1

28 . Nelumbium nelumbo

Pag e .


FIGURE 2 . ASPLENIUM NIDUS GROW ING IN THE FOREST.


FORESTS

By WILLIAM H . BROWN

The forests of the Philippines contain a large number ofspecies which are decidedly ornamental

,and are suitable for

cultivation . These usually occur in th e forest as very wide lyscattered individuals . A s th e seeds are ripe for only a shortspace of time and are usually quickly scattered by animals orthe wind, it is frequently difficult to collect seeds from a givenspecies . However, when once introduced into cultivation it isgenerally easy to Obtain material for propagation . This is particularly true of spec ies which grow high up in the mountains ,and which will not l ive under lowland conditions , but have beensuccessfully introduced into E urope and America and grown ingreenhouses . Owing to these c ircumstances , most of the o r

nam ental plants in Philippine forests are of l ittle commercialvalue . For this reason , it seemed d es irable to include in thissection only such wild ornamental plants as are collected in theforest and sold commerc ially .

Family POLYPODIA CEAE

Genus A SPLENI UM

A SPLENIUM NIDUS L . (Fig . 2 ) BIRDS’-NEST FERN.

This species is frequently collected in th e forest and sold inManila

,where it is used as a hanging plant . Th e leaves are 40

to 120 centimeters in length and 6 to 20 centimeters wide , andradiate in all directions from a common center, from whichhab it it gets its name . It is th e commonest native fern foundin cultivation in Manila . In th e forest it grows in th e crotchesOf tree s or along the trunks . It thrives in cultivation as longas it is watered at fairly regular intervals , but does best whensomewhat Sheltered from th e wind and the direct rays of the sun .

Genus DRYNA R I A

DRYNA R IA Q U E RC IFOLIA (L. ) Bo ry .

This spec ies is collected in th e forest, made into hanging baskets and sold in Manila . It has very stout, somewhat fleshy

l l


stems which are densely covered with narrow, brown scalesabout a centimeter in length . Th e leaves are of two kinds ;small, brown , concave ones which gather humus , and large oneswhich are 40 to 90 centimeters long and pinnately lobed , withlobes 2 to 4 centimeters wide .

Genu s PLATYC E R IUM

PLA TYC ER IUM B I FO RME Desv . (Fig . STAG-HORN FERN.

This species is collected in th e forest and cultivated in Manilaas a hanging plant . There are two kinds Of leaves ; large leaveswhich bend upward and cover th e mass in which th e roots are

growing, and long, branched leaves which hang downward .

Family LYCOPOD IA CEA E

Genu s LYCOPODIUM

Th e species of this genus are collected in the forest, andbrought to Manila to be sold . They are pendant plants withslender branches and very small , densely crowded leaves , andare grown in hanging baskets .

Family CYCADA CEAE

Genus CYCA SCYCA S R UMPHII Mig . PITOGO.

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local names aregiven in th e section on food plants .

Th e young plants are collected and sold in Manila for ornamental purposes .

Family LILIA CEA E

Genu s L I LIUM

L I LIUM PHIL I PP IN ENSE Baker. (Fig . BENGUET LILY .

Lo cal nam es : Lup -lupak, su ia-s o i ( Benguet ) .

Lilium p hilipp in ens e is a plant 50 to 80 centimeters in he ight.The leaves are numerous , very narrow , and 8 to 14 centimetersin length . Th e flowers are about 20 centimeters long, white, andvery fragrant . Lilium p hilipp inense is cultivated in Baguioand has been exported .

This spec ies is very common in Benguet and has been collectedin Bontoc and Pangas inan .

Family ORCH IDA CEA E

This family is the largest, in number Of species , of any in th ePhilippines . Most of th e species have small and inconspicuousflowers and are of no value as ornamentals . A large number,

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

FIGURE 3 . LILIUM PH ILIPP INENSE.

13


however, are brought to Manila and sold for cultivation , andmany have been exported to E urope . A description of all theindividual species which are cultivated would require more spacethan the ir value warrants . Th e following list includes th e moreimportant comm ercial species .

Genu s A ER I DES

A ER IDES QU INQUEVULNERUM Lindl. ( F igs . 4 ,

Lo cal nam es : Fra citas (Rizal ) ; u aling -ua ling ( Tayabas ) .

A erides quiuquevu ln erum is an epiphytic herb with stout stems .

The leaves are 10 to 30 centimeters long and to centimeters wide . The very frag rant flOwerS occur in considerablenumbers on long, pendulous , flowering branches . They are about2 centimeters across and white marked with crimson magenta .

This spec ies has been reported from th e following provincesBataan , Benguet, Bulacan, R izal, Batangas , and Tayabas .

Genus CA LA NTHE

CA LANTHE VERA TR IFOLIA R . Br .

Lo cal nam es : Binur’

f’

ga (Rizal ) ; m aran iék (Cagayan , Isabela ) ; lirio ng

guba t (Tayabas )

Calanth e v eratrifo lia is a terrestrial orchid with large , green ,prominently nerved leaves, which are pointed at both ends . The

flowers are white , medium in Size , and are borne in clusters atthe ends of long, flowering branches .This species has been reported from th e following provinces

Bataan , Benguet, M indoro , M isamis , Nueva Vizcaya , OccidentalNegros , Pampanga, Sibutu Island , Tayabas , and Zamboanga .

Genus CORDU LA

Members of this genus are known popularly as lady’s-sl ipper

orchids . Two of them are worthy of note .

CORDULA A RGUS (Reichb . f. ) Ro lfe .

Co rdu la argue is a terrestrial orchid . The leaves are somewhat el l iptical in shape and arranged in two rows . The lower

ones are 12 to 20 centimeters lo ng and pale green variegated withdark green . Th e flowering stem is 30 to 40 centimeters highand madder purple . Th e flowers are 6 to 8 centimeters in ver

tical diameter . Th e petals are whitish at th e base and have greenve ins ; near th e apex they are madder purple and spotted . The

margins of th e petals are hairy .

This species has been reported from th e following localities :Benguet , Lepanto-Bontoc, and Tayabas .

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

FIGURE 4 . A ER IDES QUINQUEVULNERUM

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CORDULA PH I L I PP IN ENS I S (Reichb . f. ) Ro lfe .

Co rdu la p hilipp inens is is a striking orchid with large leaves .The flowering shoot bears several showy flowers . The upper

sepal is nearly white with prominent, longitudinal, dark-purp lestripes . Th e lower sepal is nearly white with a ye llow tip . The

lateral petals are e longated, spiral , and purple , except near th ebase , where they

'

are yel low with three l ines of large , purpledots . The sack is white on th e back, and th e apex and marginlemon yel low .

This species has been collected in Palawan .

Genus DENDROBIUM

DENDRO BIUM A C U M INA T U M Ro lfe . (Fig .

Dendro bium acuminatum is an epiphytic orchid with bulbousstems . The leaves are thick, firm , smooth , 9 to 12 centimeterslong, and 3 to 4 centimeters wide . Th e inflorescence Often ex

ceeds 20 centimeters in length, and bears 7 to 20 or more flowers .These when spread out are to centimeters across andwhite, with a ye llow center which is streaked with lavender .This species has been reported from A bra and Bataan .

DENDRO BI U M A METHYSTOGLOSSUM Reichb . f.

Dendro bium armethysto glo ssum is a robust, epiphytic orchid ameter in height and has 15 to 20 canes . The flowers are milk

white , th e l ip deeply stained with amethyst purple .

This spec ies has been collected in Benguet.

DENDROBI U M A NOSMUM Lindl. (Fig . SANGGUMAI.

Dendro bium an o smum is an epiphyt ic orchid with bulbousstems . The leaves are about 10 centimeters long and 3 centimeters wide . Th e stems make a yearly growth, after whichthe leaves drop Off and the flowers appear . These are fragrant,about 8 centimete rs across , and l ight purple with a darker purp lecenter . A fter th e flowers fade, th e stems bearing them dry, andnew ones are produced from the base of the plant.This spec ies has been reported from Abra, Benguet, Bontoc,

Lepanto , Leyte, R izal , and Nueva Vizcaya .

DENDRO B IUM A UR EUM Lind] .Lo cal nam e : Nito (Benguet ) . (Fig .

Dendro bium aureum is an ep iphytic orchid with cylindricalstems which are 30 to 50 centimeters long . The leaves are about15 centimete rs long and 2 centimeters wide . A fte r they have

fallen , th e flowers appear on the stems . The flowers are large

and cream colored,with yel low lips .

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

FIGURE 7 . DENDROB IUM ANOSMUM ( SANGGUMAI) .

19

20MINOR PRODUCTS OF PHILIPPINE FORESTS

FIGURE 8 . DENDROB IUM AUREUM.

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

FIGURE 9 . DENDROB IUM CRUMENATUM.


This species has been reported from Benguet, A lbay, andM indanao .

DENDRO B I UM CRUMENATUM SW . (Fig . IRAU.

Lo cal names : d o ( Tayabas ) ; irdu ( Cam arines,A lbay, So rso go n ) ;

karam o s i ( Ilo c o s No rte ) ; karausi ( Cagayan ) ; karu lai ( Isabela ) ; m agimpal,

mag imapau (B o ho l ) ; man’o’

m (Leyte ) ; sanggum ai (Laguna ) .

The stalk of Dendro bium crum ena turn is up to a meter inlength and , for a distance of about 20 centimeters from the base ,is bulbous and fluted . The leaves are 5 to 8 centimeters longand to centimeters wide . Th e flowers are to 3 centimeters in length , white with a pale yel low center, and veryfragrant . A ll th e plants of this species in th e same regionflower on th e same day, th e flowers lasting o ne day or less .

This species is common and widely distributed in the Philippines and is frequently cultivated for ornamental purposes .

DENDRO B I UM DEA R E I Reichb . f.

Dendro bium dearei is an epiphyt ic orchid with cylindrical stemswhich may be more than 50 centimeters in length . Th e leavesare about 5 centimeters long and 2 centimeters wide . Th e flow

ers are white with a lemon-ye llow center, and about 7 centimetersin width when spread out . The stalks of th e individual flowersare about 4 centimeters long so that they project beyond th eleaves . Th e flowers remain on th e stems for a long time .

This species has been reported from Benguet. M indoro, and

Mindanao .

DENDRO BIUM LYON I I Am es . (Fig .

Dendro bium lyo n ii is an epiphytic orchid with bulbous stems .

The leaves are leathery, about 1 7 centimeters long and to 4

centimeters wide . Th e flowers are wine red at th e base , l ightercolored at the edges , 4 centimeters long and 8 centimeters wide,and are borne on spec ial leafless branches .

This species has been reported from Bataan Province .

DENDRO B I UM R EVOLUT U M Lindl.Lo cal nam e : Sanggum ai ( Bataan ) .

Dendro bium revo lutum is an epiphytic orchid with pendantstems . The leaves are 3 to 4 centimeters long and centimeters wide . Th e flowers occur s ingly along th e stems oppos iteth e leaves . They are 2 centimeters long, odorles s , and white .

Th e l ip is pale green .

Th e wo rd dap o , which o ccurs so frequen tly, alo ne o r in comp o sitio n , in

th e names o f o rchids and o ther ep iphyt ic p lan ts , m ean s“to ro o st,

" “to p erch

"

and is comm o n ly and qu ite pro perly app lied, therefo re , to any ep iphyte .

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS


This spec ies has been reported from the following provincesBataan , Laguna, Neg ros Occidental , Leyte , Surigao , and M indanao .

DENDROB I UM SA NDE RA E Ro lfe . (Fig .

Dendro bium sauderae is an epiphytic orchid with cylindricalstems which may be nearly a meter in length . Th e leaves are

from 4 to 8 centimeters long and to centimeters wide .

Th e flowers are borne on short branches , which are among th eleaves at th e end of th e stem . They are white with purp le l ineson th e throat, and about 6 centimeters long . Th e petals are 4

centimeters in length and nearly 3 centimeters wide .

This species has been reported from Benguet , Bontoc, andLepanto .

DENDROB I UM SCHUETZ E I Ro lfe . ( F ig s . 1 2 ,

Dendro bium schu etzei is an epiphytic orch id 1 5 to 40 centimeters in height . Th e stems are erect and somewhat cylindrical .The leaves are somewhat spreading, leathery, about 8 to 1 0 centimeters long and about to 3 centimeters wide . Th e flowersare large , showy , white ,

with a green blotch on the throat andafew dark spots at th e base .

DENDR O B I UM TA UR INUM Lindl.Dendro bium tauriuum is an epiphytic orchid with stems which

are a meter or more in length and about centimeters indiameter. Th e leaves occur on th e upper h alf of th e stalk andare 6 to 10 centimeters long and about 4 centimeters wide .

Growing near th e end of th e main stem are special floweringbranches , which are 2 5 to 50 centimeters long and which have6 to 20 large flowers . Th e sepals are cream white , tinged with

green . Th e petals are twisted and crimson magenta .

This spec ies has been reported from the following localitiesA lbay, Batanes Islands , Benguet, Bukidnon , Davao , Lagu

'

na , R izal , Leyte , M indoro , Nueva Vizcaya , Pam panga , Tayabas , Guim aras Island, and Zamboang a .

Genu s ER IA

ER I A ME R R ILLII Am es .

E ria m errillii is a terrestrial orchid with a bulbous base about10 centimeters long . The leaves are 30 to 60 or more centimetersin length , and about 4 to 7 centimeters wide . Th e flowering

branch is 30 to 40 cen timeters long and bears numerous , large ,

nearly white flowers , which are tinged with purple .

This species has been reported from th e Provinces Of R izaland Sorsogon .

26 MINOR PRODUCTS OF PH ILIPPI NE FORESTS

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS


FIGURE 1 4 . DENDROBIUM'

TAURINUM.

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

FIGURE 1 5 . DENDROB IUM TAUR INUM.


Genus GRAMMA TOPHYLLUMGRA MMA TOPHYLLUM MEA SUR ES IA NUM Weathers .

Grammato p hyllum m easuresiauum has many bulbous stems,which are sl ightly compressed and vary in length from 2 0 to40 centimeters . Wh en young they are more or less furrowed,and when old, deeply wrinkled . Each bears at its summit from4 to 6 deep-green leaves , which are from 45 to 60 centimeterslong . The flowering stalks bear many flowers , which are about10 centimeters across , yel lowish, and marked with dark brownand purp le .

This species has been co llected in M indoro and Palawan.

GRAMMA TOPHYLLUM MUI

LT IFLORUM Lindl. (Fig . 1 7 )Lo cal nam e : L o o i—lo

’

o i n a dako (So rso g o n ) .

Grammato p hyllum mu ltiflo rum has many large, bulbous stemsand very numerous roots , the whole sometimes form ing an immense mass . Th e leaves are about 30 to 50 centimeters long and6 to 1 0 centimeters wide . The flowers are larg e , and are bornein great numbers on long flowering shoots . They are pale green

with large, dull, purpl ish-brown spots .

This spec ies has been reported from M indoro,Tayabas

,Cama

rines , Catanduanes Island , Sorsogon , Leyte , and Palawan .

GRA MMA TOPHYLLUM W A LLIS II Reichb . f. (Fig .

Gramm ato p hyllum wallisii is an epiphyte and th e largestPhil ippine orchid . Th e flowers are borne on large flowering

shoots and are large and pale greenish , with dark purp le-brownblotches .

Genu s PHA LA ENOPS I S

PHA LA ENOPS I S A MA B I L I S (Linn . ) B lum e . (Fig . BUTTERFLY ORCHID.

Phalaeno p sis amabilis is an epiphytic orchid with a few g reen

leaves growing on a short stem . Th e leaves are somewhat oval~

shaped, wider near th e apex than near th e base , and 14 to 30

centimeters in length . Th e flowers are borne in varying numbers on flowering branches, are white , and 7 to 10 centimetersacross . Th e butterfly orchid is very commonly cultivated inManila .

This species has been reported from th e following localitiesA lbay

,Bataan

,Bohol

, Cagayan , Camarines , Davao , Igar Island,Ilocos Norte , Laguna, Lanao , Lumbucan Is land, M indoro , NegrosOcc idental , Nueva E c ija , Nueva Vizcaya , Palawan , Pampanga,R izal , Tayabas . and Zamboanga .

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

FIGURE 1 6 . ER IA MERRILLII.


FIGURE 1 9 . PHALAENOPS IS AMAB ILIS.

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

FIGURE 2 0 . PHALAENOPS IS LUEDDEMANNIANA .

85


PHA LA ENOPS I S LUEDDEMA NNIA NA Reichb . f. (Fig . 20 )

Lo cal nam es : F lo r de la m a iiana ( Span ish ) ; m anan -da ( Sam ar, Leyte ) .

Phalaen o p sis lueddemarmiaud is an epiphytic orchid withusually two to s ix oval leaves growing on a short stem . Th e

flowers are borne on special, branched, flowering shoots , have afaint Odor

,and are variable in s ize and color . They are white

or yellow marked with purple or brown , and are about 6 centimeters in diameter .

This species has been reported from the following localities :Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya , Pangas inan , Bataan , Bulacan , R izal ,Laguna , Tayabas , Polillo Island , Leyte, Palawan , Bukidnon , Davao , Lanao, and Zamboanga .

PHA LA ENOPS I S SCH ILLE R IA NA Reichb . f.

Lo cal n am e : Dcip o n r - tigre (Laguna ) .

Phalaen o p sis schilleriaua is an epiphytic orchid with a fewsomewhat oblong-oval leaves growing on a short stem . Th e

leaves are mottled above , purple beneath, up to 20 centimeterslong, and 6 centimeters wide . Th e flowers are borne on large ,

branched, flowering shoots , are odorless , large , and pinkishpurp le .

This species is found in Tayabas and Laguna Provinces .

Genus R ENA NTHERA

R ENA NTHERA STOR IE I R eichb . f.

R enauth era sto riei is a stout, epiphytic orchid 2 to 3 metersin height . Th e leaves are leathery, arranged in two rows , 10to 14 centimeters long and about centimeters wide . Th e

flowering shoot is very large and bears many flowers , which are

4 to centimeters across . They are odorless , dark red, and

remain fresh on th e stem for a long period .

This spec ies has been reported from th e following localitiesBataan

,R izal

,and D inagat Island.

Genus RHYNCHOSTYLIS

RHYNCHOSTYLIS R ETUSA (Linn . ) Blum e . (Fig .

Rhyn ch o stylis retusa is an epiphytic orchid with green leaveswhich are about 25 centimeters long and about centimeterswide . Th e flowers are crowded on a

'

flowering shoot about 20centimeters long . They are pale pink or nearly white and have

a pale-purp le l ip . Th e lateral sepals are about 7 millimeter slong and about 6 millimeters wide . Th e petals are much shorterand narrower .

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

FIGURE 2 1 . PHALAENOPS IS sp .

37.

38 MINOR PRODUCTS OF PHILIPPINE FORESTS

FIGURE 2 2 . RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA .

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

FIGURE 2 3 . SPATHOGLOTTIS PLICATA .

39


This species has been reported from Bataan , Nueva E cijaand R izal .

Genu s SPA THOGLOTT IS

SPA THOGLOTT IS PL I CA TA B lum e . (Fig .

Lo cal n am es : B a lum -ba lum (Bukidn o n ) ; kan o v o g ( Batan es Islands ) ;talu -ang ( Bukidn o n ) ; tabu —dap i ( Tayabas ) .

Sp ath o g lo ttis p licata is a terrestrial orchid with a few long,rather narrow leaves growing from the bulbous base of th e stem .

Th e leaves are 20 to 60 centim eters long and to 6 centimeterswide . The flowering shoots are 30 to 70 centimeters long . The

flowers are purple or deep pink, and about centimeters indiameter .

This species has been reported from th e following local itiesA lbay, Batanes Is lands , Lepanto , Benguet, Bukidnon , Laguna ,Leyte , M indoro , Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Tayabas , Lanao ,and Zamboanga .

Genus VA NDA

VA NDA LA MELLA TA Lindl . (Fig .

Vanda lam ellata is an epiphytic orchid . Th e leaves are about2 centimeters wide and 2 5 centimeters long . Th e flowers are

borne on special branches , which may have 20 or more flowers .

These are about 3 centimeters in vertical diameter , fragrantand ye llowish with purple -brown markings .

This species has been reported from the following local itiesCagayan , Bontoc , Benguet, A bra, Zambales , Bataan , Cavite , Ta

yabas , M indoro , Babuyanes , Camiguin , Capiz , and Sulu A rchipelago .

VA NDA SA NDE R IA NA Reichb . f. ( F ig s . 25,

Vanda sanderiana is a large epiphytic orchid . Th e leaves aretrough-l ike and 15 to 30 centimeters long . Th e flowers grow inclusters and are 6 to 8 centimeters in transverse by 10 to 1 1 invertical diam eter . Th e upper three petals are lavender with dullpurple spots in th e lower part . Th e lower two petals are tingedwith yel low and there are very numerous , dull-purple nervesand reticulations which give a general , dull-purple color . Th e

l ip is dull purple and ye l low . This is th e showiest orchid foundin th e Philippines .

This species is found in M indanao .

Genu s VA NDOPS I S

VA NDOPS IS LISSOCHILO IDES (Gaudich . ) Pfitz . (Fig .

Vaudo p s is liss o ch ilo ides is a terrestrial orchid with leafy stemsup to 2 me ters in h e ight . Th e leaves are about 2 5 to 50 centi


FIGURE 2 5 . VANDA SANDERIANA

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS


FIGURE 27 . VANDOPSIS LISSOCHILOIDES.

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

FIGURE 28 . NELUMB IUM NELUMBO.

5


meters long and about 5 centim eters wide . The flowering shootis to 2 meters l ong , and bears numerou s flowers which are

5 to 6 centimeters across . The back of the flower is purple andth e ins ide yellowish green with purple spots .

This species has been reported from Bukidnon,Panay

, SigaboyIsland , and Zamboanga .

Family NYMPHAEA CEAE

Genu s N ELUMB I U M

NELUMB I UM N ELUMBO (L. ) Druce . (Fig .

A description of this species and its local names are given

in the section on food plants .

This plant grows in immense numbers in Laguna de Bay. The

flowers are gathered in cons iderable quantities and brought toManila to be sold .

Nelum bium sp ecio sum grows in shallow water, the leaves andflowers extending above th e surface . It has very large , roundedleaves and large , pink flowers .

PH ILIPPINE PLANTS USED AS SOAP SU'

ESTI

TUTES OR SCOURING MATERIALS

By WILLIAM H. BROWN

PHILIPPINE PLANTS USED AS SOAP SUESTI

TUTES AND SCOURING MATERIALS


In th e Philippines there are a number of plants which contain saponin and are used as soap substitutes , especially forcleans ing th e hair . Th e most important of these is gogo (E ritada p haseo lo ides ) which is an important article of commerce .

Other plants have very rough leaves which are used as materialfor scouring cooking utens i ls , etc . , and as substitutes for sandpaper.

Family MORA CEA E

Genus FIC USFIC U S U LM I FOLIA Lam . ISIS.

A description and figure Of this species and its local namesare given in th e sectio n on foo d plants .

Th e leaves of this spec ies are very h ard and ro ugh , and

are used for cleaning coo king utens ils and scouring hardwoodfloors, sta irs , windows il ls , etc . ; and also in place of sandpaperin polishing wood, when sandpaper is not available .

Genus STR E BLUS

STR EBLUS A SPER Lo ur. KALIOS .

Lo cal nam es : A lasa s (Zambales , Mindo ro ) ; a lasis ( Surigao ) ; a ludig

( Ilo co s Sur , Un io n ,Pangasinan ,

Zambales ) ; ampas (Pam pan ga ) ; baytal(Negro s Occidental ) ; bun ta tai ( Gu im aras Island) ; kagasaka (Cagayan ) ;kalio s (Cagayan ,

Ilo co s No rte , Abra ,Bataan , Man ila , Rizal, Laguna,

Mindo ro ) ; lasiis (Bataan ) ; ma lakadio s ( Zambales ) .

The leaves of Streblus aSp ei are very hard and rough. and

are util ized, l ike those of Ficus u lm ifo lia , for cleaning cookingutens ils and as a substitute for sandpaper .

Streblus asp er is a tree reaching a he ight of about 1 5 metersand a diameter of about 3 0 centimeters . Th e leaves are alter

nate, 4 to 1 2 centimeters long, with a narrow base , pointedtip ,

and toothed margin . The fruits are ovoid , pale yellow,

8 to 1 0 millimeters long, fleshy, and with seeds 5 to 6 m ill imeters long .

This spec ies is very common and widely distributed in the

Philippine Islands .


Family LEGUMINOSAE

Genus A LB I ZZ I A

A LB I ZZ I A A CLE (B lanco ) Merr . ( F ig s . 1 AKLE .

Lo cal nam es : A'

kle o r akli (Nueva E clJa ,Un io n ,

Pam panga ,Bataan ,

Bu lacan , Zambales, Tayabas , Cam arines , Laguna, So rso g o n ,M indo ro ) ana

g ép ( Ilo co s No rte and Sur ) ; ban/aye (Occidental Neg ro s , Tablas ) ; kitakita( Ilo co s Sur, Pangasinan , Nueva Ecija ,

Zam bales ) ; m abu ii‘

ga (Laguna ) ;lafig in (Masbate ) ; sauriri

,tau lili ( Palawan ) ; taba lafig i (Bisaya ) ; tili,

tilis (Zambales ) .

This spec1es 1s reported to have been employed locally asa soap substitute , but seems to be inferior to A lbizzia sap o naria

and is l ittle used .

A lbizzia acle is a tree reach ing a he ight of about 30 metersand a diameter of about 1 meter . Th e leaves are twice compound . They usually have two pinnae, each of which bearsthree to s ix pairs of leaflets , the terminal pair be ing muchlarger than th e others . The leaflets are inequilateral , pointed

at the tip , usually rounded at th e base, to 1 8 centimeterslong, and 2 to 7 centimeters wide . Th e flowers are yellow and

green , about centimeters in length , and are borne in small,rounded heads . The pod is 4 to 5 centimeters wide and upto 25 to 30 or more centim eters in length . Th e seeds causea bulging of th e p o d, while between the seeds th e pod is constricted.

This spec ies is fairly common and distributed from Luzonto Palawan . It is intolerant of shade .

A LB I ZZ I A SA PONA R I A (Lo u r . ) Blum e . SALINGKUGI’.

Lo cal nam es : Baiog o (Bataan ,A gusan ) ; banaibana i ( Cagayan ) ; ban o g

banai ( Cagayan ) ; 9 69 0 ’ o r gug o ( Isabela , Tayabas , Masbate ,A gusan ) ;

g o’

g o-kotsai (Tayabas ) ; gogo ng -ma la to ko

, langil (Rizal ) ; géyong~to ko (Pan

gasinan ,Pam panga ,

Cam arin es, Bataan ) ; m a lato ko'

(Bataaa ampan ga,

Rizal, Laguna ) ; m ara tekka, m aratiga ( Ilo co s No rte and Sur ) ; p ipi (Ne

g ro s ) ; sa langkug i’, sa lingkugi

’, salungkag i

’( Zambales , Bataan Mindo ro ,

Catanduanes , Masbate , Ticao , Surigao , Zambo anga ) ; sa luk ig i (Sam ar,

Leyte ) ; sa lungg ig i, tagurarit ( Pangasinan ) ; sangg inggi’(Agusan ) ; s ian

kug i, _tinag i ( Surigao ) ; tam bing ( Benguet ) ; tigian (Gu imaras Island)

unaki (Cam arines ) .

This spec ies is a small or medium-s ized tree with a saponaceo us bark which is used locally in much th e Same way asgogo (E n tada p haseo lo ides ) .

‘

The fresh wood lathers freelywith water .

A lbizzia sap o naria reaches a height of 20 meters and a diam

SOAP SUBSTITUTES

FIGURE 1 . ALB IZZ IA ACLE ( AKLE) .

53


eter of 80 centimeters . The bark is about 5 millim eters thick,

l ight gray to dark gray, and densely covered with corky pustules . The inner bark is s lightly pink colored and somewhatspongy in texture . The leaves are alternate and doub ly compound .

This species is found throughout the Philippines , especiallyin

'

seco nd-growt'

h or open forests .

Genus ENTA DA

ENTA DA PHA SEOLO I DES (L. ) Merr . (E . s canderis L ) (Fig . GOGO.

Lo cal nam es : Ba llo’

g o ( Ilo co s N o rte and Sur, Cagayan ) Balo’

g o ( Sam ar,

Cuyo , B isaya pro vinces , p arts o f B ik o l reg io n ) ; 9 69 6, gage, o r gugu’( Isa~

bela , Nueva Vizcaya , Nueva E cija,Tarlac

,Pampanga,

Bulacan ,Rizal

,

Man ila , Bataan , Laguna , Cav ite , Batangas, Tayabas , Cam arines,Mindo ro ,

Marinduque , Leyte , Negro s ) ; ip c’

il ( Zambales ) ; kalit ( E .Pangasinan ) ;

lip ai ( Ilo co s N o rte and Sur, Cagayan ,

Isabe la ,Un io n

,Bu lacani) letiig (W .

Pangas inan ) . In m o st parts o f N . Luzo n , th e nam e lip ai is g iven to the

p lant and its large , ro und seeds , and ba llo’

g o to th e crushed stem u sed

fo r washing th e hair .

The bark and stems of E ntada phas eo lo ides (gogo ) containsaponin . Gogo is used extensive ly in th e Phil ippines and otheroriental countries for washing th e hair and is on th e marketas an ingredient of hair tonics .

The vine is cut in leng ths of about o ne-half to 1 mete r and

jpo unded into thin , flat strips , th e width of which depends on th ed iameter Of the piece treated . These strips when dried are readyf o r market . When soaked in water and rubbed, gogo producesa lather which cleanses th e scalp very effectually . Very large

q uantities Of gogo are used in the Philippines , but it is very"difficult to determine th e amount . Many people cut and poundm aterial for the ir own use , while others prepare a small quantityand peddle it from house to house . There is no organized. tradein gogo , but it is sold in small stores throughout th e Islands .

In Manila it sel ls at retail at pri ces ranging from 40 centavosa kilo upward . A forest charge of 10 p er cent, or 2 pesos p er100 kilos , is collected on it .The chemical compos ition of gogo has been investigated by

Bacon .

*

Gogo is used as a fish poison , th e active princ iple , accordingto Bacon

,be ing saponin . The bark is also used for cordage .

Th e kernels of th e seeds are mashed and used by th e F i l ip inos

Baco n ,R . F. , Th e physio lo g ical active co n stituents o f certain Philipp ine

m edicinal p lants .Ph ilippine J o urnal o f Scien ce , Vo l . 1 page 102 1 .

Baco n ,R . F . , and Marshall, H . T . , Th e to xic actio n o f sap o n in . Philipp ine

J o urnal o f Science, Vo l . 1 page 1 037 .

SOAP SUBSTITUTES

FIGURE 2 . ALB IZZ IA ACLE ( AKLE) .

55


for poultices for children having col ic . A ccording to Baconth e seeds contain a fatty Oil which is extracted and used inthe Sunda Islands for illuminating purposes . Bacon says thatin some places they are roasted and eaten after th e activeprinciple has been removed by washing .

Gogo has been cultivated for a long time in the highland

towns of Cavite , namely, Silang, Amadeo , A lfonso , Mendez

Nufiez , Bailen , and Marigondon . A large proportion of the in

hab itants Of Indang, perhaps a maj ority, cultivate Gogo tosom e extent . Th e vines are propagated partly from seed andpartly by layering,

"

and are trained over trees , coconut palms ,etc . A t three years of age, a vine is large enough to be cut.If not o ut too close to th e ground , th e stump sends up severalSprouts , which are e ither allowed to grow up , or employed aslayers . Th e vines very rarely die as th e result of cutting .

E n tada p haseo lo ides is a large Vine with compound leaves .

Th e flowers are ye llow and borne on slender spikes in s impleor compound inflo rescences . Perhaps th e most striking featuresof th e vine are th e large seed-pods , which are about 7 to 1 0

centimeters wide and up to a meter in length . They containhard

,circular seeds 5 'to 6 centimeters in diameter .

This species is common and widely distributed throughoutth e A rchipelago .

Family OXA LIDA CEAE

Genu s AV E RRHOAAVER RHOA B I L I MBI L . KAMIAS.


in th e section on food plants .

The fruits of this species are used to remove stains fromc lothing and also in washing the hands .

Family POLYGALA CEAE

Genus SECUR IDA CA

S ECUR I DA CA CORYMBOSA Turcz . HINAKI.

Lo cal nam es : Gag o rig -bisaya ( Tayabas ) ; hinaki (Negro s ) ; o yaffg’

ya

(M indo ro ) .

This plant is used as a soap substitute in th e same manneras En tada phaseo lo ides (gogo ) .

Securidaca co rym bo sa is a woody vine or undershrub . Th e

leaves are alternate , pointed at th e tip , rounded or abruptlypointe d at th e base , and from 6 to 9 centimeters in length .

Th e flowers are small , and red and white . Th e fruit resemblesa half maple fruit and is about 8 centimeters long .


This spec ies has been repo rted from Luzon, M indoro, andNegros .

SEC U R I DA CA PHILIPP I NENSIS Ch o dat BALUNOS.

Lo cal nam es : Balag o n , ba lun o s ( So rso g o n ) .

This vine has a thick , white bark containing saponin . Th e

bark is used locally in certain regions as a soap substitute .

Securidaca philipp inensis is a large, woody vine . The leavesare bluntly pointed at th e base and taper to a rather sharppoint at th e tip . The flowers are small and borne on compoundinflo rescences . The fru its are oval and sl ightly over a centimeter in length . A t o ne end there is a long wing about 7 ormore centimeters in length , resemb l ing that of a maple fruit.This species is distributed from southern Luzon to M indanao .

Family SA PINDA CEAE

Genus GA NOPHYLLUM

GA NOPHYLLUM FA LCA T U M B lum e . ARAPTGEN.

A description and figure Of this species and its local namesare given in th e section on res ins , gums , and oils .

Th e bark Of this tree is used in the same manner as gogo

(Entada p haseo lo ides ) .

Genus HA RPU LLIA

HA R PU LLIA A R BOR EA (Blanco ) Radlk . UAs .

Lo cal nam es : Am buyan ( Ilo c o s Sur) ; bayag -ka labau ( Tayabas ) ; bunsalak (Mindo ro ) ; du lis , magarl timus (Co tabato ) ; huas (Ticao Island,

Masbate ) ; kuas (Rizal) ; m ag-a lad

, ringis ( Palawan ) ; m a la lu bas ( Cam a

rines ) ; ma lap alikp ik-hito ( Tarlac ) ; p o ds o r puas (Nueva Ecija, Bataan ,

Rizal, Cavite, Laguna,M indo ro ) ; uas ( Cagayan , Zambales , Nueva Ecija,

Bataan , Tayabas, Cam arines ) ; uas na purau ( Ilo co s N o rte ) .

Th e bark is pounded and used as a substitute for that ofgo go (En tada p haseo lo ides ) .

Harpu llia arbo rea is a tree reaching a he ight Of about 20meters and a diameter of about 60 centimeters . The leavesare alternate and pinnate ly comp o und . Th e leaflets are

pointed at th e tip , obl ique at the base, and 7 to 1 5 centimeters in length . Th e flowers are small and white . The

fruit is red and is divided into two lobes , each of which containseeds .

spec ies is common and widely distributed in th e forestsLuzon to the southern l imits Of th e Sulu A rchi

pel ago .

SOAP SUSTITUTES 59

Genus SA PINDUS

SA PINDUS SA PONA R IA L . TIKAs-TIKAS .

A description of thi s spec ies and its local names are given

in th e section on fibers .

Tobacco wo rkers in A bra use th e crushed leaves for removingth e stain of tobacco leaves from the ir hands . The bark is usedfor c leans ing th e hair.

Family RHAMNA CEAE

Genus GOUA NIA

GOUA NIA T ILIA EFOLIA Lam .

Lo cal nam es : Literan (Bu lacan , Rizal, Laguna ) pahampak ( Pam panga ) .

The roo t of this species is a soap substitute .

Go uania tiliaefo lia is a woody vine . The leaves are altern

ate, somewhat hairy, pointed at the tip , rounded or heart-shapedat the base, and 6 to 10 centimeters in length . The flowersare small and greenish or whitish .

This species is distributed throughout the Philippines .

Family DILLENIA CEAE

Genus T ETRACERA

TETRA CERA SCANDENS (L. ) Merr .

Lo cal nam es : Malakatmén ( Tarlac, Zambales , Bataan , Rizal ) ; o p lé-ba

king ( Palawan )Th e leaves are very rough and are used for cleaning dishes

and various instruments .

Tetracera scandens’

is a woody vine . The leaves are alter

nate, pointed at both ends , larger near th e apex than near thebase

, th e margins toothed . Th e flowers are rather small ,white , and born e on compound inflo rescences . The fruits are

small and red.

This spec ies is apparently common and widely distributedfrom central Luzon to southern M indanao .

OFFICIAL PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS


OFFICIAL MEDICINAL PLANTS

CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATIONSINTRODUCTIONDESCRIPTION OF SPECIES

Fam ily CyatheaceaeCibo tium baram etz

Family Palm ae

A reca catechu

Fam ily

Family ZingiberaceaeCurcuma zedo aria

Fam ily Piperaceae

Fam ily Chen o p o diaceaeCheno p o dium ambro sio ides

A rchangelisia flava

Fam ily Legum in o sae .

Abrus precato rius

Caesalp in ia sappan

Tamarindu s indica

Fam ily Simarubaceae

Brucea am arissim a

Mallo tus philippen sis

Ricinus commun is

Fam ily A nacardiaceae

A nacardium o ccidentale

Fam ily MyrtaceaeEugen ia cum in i .

Psidium guajava

Fam ily Umbe lliferae

Centella asiatica


Descrip tio n o f sp ecies— Co n tinued.

Fam ily Sap o taceaePalaqu ium spp .

Fam ily Lo gan iaceaeStrychn o s ignatii

Fam ily Co nvo lvu laceaeOp erculina turpethum

Fam ily Labiatae . .

Ocimum basilicum

Orth o siph o n aristatus

Fam ily So lanaceae . .

Cap sicum frutescen s

Datura fastuo sa var . alba

So lanum n igrum

Fam ily Bigno n iaceaeSesamum o rientale

Fam ily Plantag inaceaePlan tag o m aj o r

Fam ily Com p o sitae

B iden s p ilo sa .

Blum ea

ILLUSTRA TIONS

FIGURE 1 . Fru it o f Strychn o s ignatii (St . Ignatiu s bean . From

Twelfth A nnual Rep , Bur . o f Sci. , 1913 , Plate XXXVII. 7 1

2 . Datura fastu o sa var . alba ( talo ngp unai ) 73


Th e seeds are official in th e Germ an and Swiss Pharmacop o eias . Th e powdered seeds are used as a vermifuge .

Family A RA CEA E

Genu s A COR USACOR US CA LA MUS L . LUBIGAN OR SWEET FLAG.

A description Of this species and its local names are given

in th e section on res ins , gums , and OilsTh e rhizom e is Official in many pharm acopoe ias

, and the Oil

in th e German Pharm acopoe ia . A ccording to Greenish >z< the

rhizome has stimulant and tonic properties , and has been usedfo r ague and for atonic dyspeps ia .

Family ZINGIBERA CEA E

Genu s CURCUMA

CURCUMA Z EDOA R I A (Berg ) B o sc . BARAK o r ZEDOARY .

A description of this spec ies and its local names are given

in th e section on res ins , gums , and Oi ls .

Th e rhizom e is known as zedoary and is o fli cial in th e A us

trian , Croatian , French , German , Hungarian , Japanese , Russ ian ,Serb ian , Spanish , and Swiss Pharm acopoe ias and in th e Am e

rican National Formulary

Family PIPERA CEA E

Genus P I PE RP I PE R B ETLE L . BUYO o r BETEL PEPPER .

Lo cal n am es : Bug/o o r buyo biiyo ( Cam arines ) ; gau e’

d (Lep an to Sub

pro vin ce ) ; ikm o itm o (Tagalo g ) ; ikm o’

ng Ildko (Bulacan ) ; le i let o r litlit

(Bataan , Bu lacan ,Rizal

, Cavite , Tayabas ) ; samat (Pam panga ) .

Th e leaves are o fli cial in th e British Pharmacopoe ia . They

are extens ive ly used in th e Philippines for chewing with th eseeds of A reca catechu sprinkled with lime .

Pip er betle is a smooth , c l imb ing Vine reaching a he ight of2 to 4 meters . The upper leaves are 10 to 1 3 centimeters inlength . Th e apex of th e leaf is pointed and th e base somewhatinequ ilaterally ro unded or heart shaped.

This speci es is extens ive ly cultivated, but is also wild. It isdistributed throughout th e Phil ippines .

Green ish,H . G. , A text bo o k o f m ateria m edica, p age 453 .

OFFIC IAL MEDICINAL PLANTS 67

Family CHENOPOD IA CEA E

Genu s CHENOPOD I UM

CHENOPOD I UM A MBROS I O I DES L . A POSOTIS .

Lo cal nam es : A lp as o tes ( Pam panga , Man ila ) ; a lpasdti (B o n to c ) ; apa

so ies (Un io n ) ; ap o s o’

tis ( Pam panga , Tagalo g , B isaya ) ; pa sétis (M indo ro ,

Tagalo g ) .

Th e top of the plant is Offic ial in th e A ustrian and Mex icanPharm acopoeias . Th e Oil is used as a cure for worms .

Ch eno p o dium am bro sio ides is a branched herb nearly a meterin height, with angled stems . It has an aromatic Odor when

crushed. Th e leaves are 3 to 10 centimeters in length and have

lobed margins . Th e flowers are very small .This species is widely distributed in th e Philippines , both cul

tivated and wild.

Fam i ly MENISPERMA CEA E

Genu s A RCHA NGELIS IA

A RCHA NGELIS IA FLAVA (L . ) Merr .

A description of this spec ies and its local nam es areth e section on dyes .

This plant contains about 5 p er cent of berberine .

Fam ily LEGUMINOSA E

Genu s A BRUS

A BR US PR ECA TOR IUS L . KANSA SAGA o r PRAYER-BEA N .



Th e seeds of this spec ies are Offic ial in th e Spanish Pharma

co p o eia, and th e leaves in th e Netherlandish Pharmacopoe ia .

Genu s CA ESA LP I N I A

CA ESA LPIN I A SA PPA N L .SIBUKAU .

A description of this spec ies and its local names are g iven

in th e section on dyes .

Th e heartwood is Official in th e British -Pharmacopoeia .

Genu s TA MA R I NDUS

TA MA R I NDUS I ND I CA L . SAMPALOK o r TAMAR IND.




Th e fruits are Offic ial in nearly all th e twentieth-century pharmaco p o eias . A ccording to Greenish th e pulp is used as anacid refrigerant and a gentle laxative .

Family SIMARUBACEAE

Genu s BR UC EA

BRUC EA A MA R ISSIMA (L0 ur . ) Merr .

Lo cal nam es : R o g o bo yo (Negro s, Surigao ) ; magkapayas (Leyte ) ; parais o , selte (Basilan ) .

The flowers are official in the Netherlandish Pharmacopoe ia .

Brucea sumatrana is a somewhat hai ry shrub reach ing a he ightof about 3 m eters . The leaves are alternate and pinnate . Th e

leaflets are pointed at th e apex,rounded o r pointed at th e base,

have prominently toothed margins , and are,4 to 10 centimeters

in length . Th e flowers are small , reddish , and occur on axi llary inflo rescences . Th e fruits are oval and about centimeter in length .

This species is distributed from central Luzon to southernM indanao .

Family EUPHORB IA CEAE

Genus CROTONCROTON T IGL I UM L . CROTON-OIL PLANT.


in th e section on res ins , gums ,and oils .

The Oil is offic ia l in all th e twentieth-century pharmacopoeias .A ccording to Greenish :

Cro to n Oil is a p owerfu l irritant, pro ducing , when app lied to the skin ,

a burn ing sen satio n and /

redness , fo llowed by severe pus tules ; it is u sed,

dilu ted, as a co unter-irritant . Internally it is a very rap id drastic cathartic, and is g iven in certain cases Of ap o p lexy .

Genus MA LLOT US

MA LLOT U S PHILIPPENSIS (Lam . ) Muell.-A rg . BANATO.



Th e glands and hairs which cover the fruits are official inm any pharmacopoeias . This substance, known as kamala , isan efl

‘lcient remedy for tape-worm .

Green ish , H . G. , A texbOOk o f m ateria m edica, page 1 22 .

OFFICIAL MEDIC INAL PLANTS 69

Genus R I C I NUSR ICINUS COMMUNIS L . TAN

‘

GAN-TANnAN o r CASTOR-OIL PLANT.


in the section on res ins , gums , and Oi ls .

Castor Oil, which is Obtained from this plant,is Offic ial in

all th e twentieth-century pharmacopoe ias .

Family ANA CARD IA CEAE

Genu s ANA CA RD I UMA NA CA R D I UM OCC I DENTA LE L . KA SUI o r CASHEW NUT.


in the section on res ins , gums , and oils .

The leaves are offic ial in th e Mexican and th e NetherlandishPharmacopoeias .

Fami ly MYRTA CEAE

Genus E UGENIA

EUGENIA CUM I NI Druce . DUHAT.


in'

the section on food plants .

The bark is offic ial in th e Netherlandish Pharmacopoe ia .

Genus PSIDI U MPSIDI U M GUA J AVA L . BAYABAS o r GUAVA .



The leaves of this spec ies are o flicial in the NetherlandishPharmacopoe ia .

Family UMBELLIFERAE

Genus C ENT ELLA

C ENT ELLA A SIA T ICA (L. ) Urban . (Hydro co tyle asiatica L . )

Lo cal nam es : Tagaditak ( Batanes Islands ) ; bo tbo ton is ( B o n to c ) ; talcaip( Po lillo ) takip-kdh o l ( Tagalo g ) ; yabo ng-yabo ng (Samar ) .

The leaves are Official in the Mex ican, Netherlandish , andSpanish Pharmacopoe ias .

Centella asiatica is a prostrate , s l ightly hairy herb . The stemproduces roots at the nodes . The leaves are rounded at the 'tip ,

kidney-shaped or heart-shaped at the base , and 2 to 5 centimetersin diameter . The petiole is very long. Th e flowers are dark

purple, with petals about 1 millimeter in length .

This spec ies is distributed in open places from Luzon to M indanao and Bas i lan .


Family SA POTA CEA E

Genu s PA LA QU I UMPA LA QUIUM spp .

Th e Philippine species which yield gutta-percha are describedin th e section on res ins , gums , and Oi ls .

Gutta-percha is official in m any pharm acopoe ias .

Family LOGANIA CEA E

Genu s ST RYCHNOS

STRYCHNOS IGNA T II Berg . (Fig . ST. IGNATIUS BEAN .

Lo cal n am es : l gaso d o r igasud ( Sam ar, Leyte , Surigao ) ; kaba lo’

ffg’

a,

leite , San Ignaci o ( Surigao ) .

Th e seeds are official in th e British , Mexican , and SpanishPharm acopoeias . They are a source of strychnine . Th e de

m and for Saint Ignatius beans is small and th e supply irregular .

If there were a greater demand, they could probab ly be collectedin cons iderable quantities .

Strychn o s ignatii is a large , woody, forest vine . Th e leavesare oppos ite , oval, pointed at th e tip , pointed or somewhat

rounded at th e base , prominently three-ve ined, and 8 to 20 cen

tim eters in length . Th e fru it is rounded, pale yellowish and

brown , and 1 0 centimeters or more in diameter . It contains anumber of seeds , which are embedded in a soft pulp , having asquash- l ike odor . Th e fresh seeds are greenish straw-color, witha somewhat satin- l ike appearance .

This spec ies has been reported from Samar, Leyte , Surigao ,

A gusan , and Lana o . It is a native of , and is'

co nfined to th e

Phil ippines .

Fam ily CONVOLVULA CEA E

Genus OPE RCULINA

OPERCULINA T UR PETHUM (L. ) S . Man s o .

A description of this species and its local names are g iven


Th e roots and stem s are Official in th e British , French , Mex

ican , and Spanish Pharmacopoeias .

Family LA B IA TA E

Genu s OC I MUMOC I MUM BA S I L I CUM L . BALA NCI o r SWEET BASIL .

A description of this spec ies and its lo cal names are given

in th e section on res ins , gum s , and Oi ls .

Th e upper part of th e plant is Offi c ial in th e French and

OFFIC IAL MEDICINAL PLANTS


Mexican Pharmacopoe ias . Th e plant is aromatic and is usedas a condiment .

Genu s ORTHOS IPHON

ORTHOS IPHON A R I STA TUS (B lum'

e ) Miq.

Th e leaves are Offic ial in the Netherlandish Pharmacopoe ia .

They are said to be a powerful diuretic .

Orth o sip h o n stam in eus is a tall herb . The leaves are Op

pos ito , pointed at th e tip , widest near th e base , and havetoothed margins .

This species has been reported from Luzon .

Family SOLANA CEA E

Genu s CA PS ICUM

CA PS I CUM FR UT ESC ENS L . 8l o r C-HILE PEPPER .



This spec ies , frequently known as Cap sicum m inimum,is a

source of Cayenne pepper, which is o fl‘icial in the British , Jap ~

anese , Mex ican, and American Pharmacopoe ias . A ccording toGreenish,* Cayenne pepper is used externally as a stimulant andcounter-irritant, and internally to dispe l flatulence and rouse theappetite .

Genus DAT U RA

DA TURA FA STUOSA L . v ar . A LBA Nees . (Fig . 2 ) TALONG-PUNAI

Lo cal n am es : Kamkamm aalau (Cap iz ) talampu

nai (Man ila, Rizal) ; ta lo ng -punai ( Biko l, Tagalo g ) .

The leaves are Ofli cial in the French, Japanese , and Netherlandish

'

Pharmaco p o eias and th e seeds in th e British Pharmaco p o eia . Th e alkaloid content has been investigated by Brill .i'

Datura fastuo sa var . alba is a coarse , erect, branched, smoothor sl ightly hairy herb or tree-l ike shrub to 2 meters in he ight .The leaves are 9 to 18 c entimeters long, th e apex po inted, thebase inequilateral , the margins irregularly and shallowly lobed .

Th e flowers are very large , axillary, and solitary . Th e calyx isgreen and about 6 centimeters long . Th e corolla is white, about1 5 centimeters long, and 8 centimeters in diameter. The fruit isrounded , green , about centimeters in diameter, covered withshort, stout spines , and contains many seeds .

Green ish , H . G. , A text bo o k o f m ateria m edica, page 149.

‘

I‘ Brill, H . C . ,

Datura alba . Philipp ine J o urnal o f Science , Sectio n A ,

Vo lum e 1 1 p age 257 .


This species is common and widely distributed in th e neighborhood o f towns in th e Philippines .

Genus SOLA NUM

SOLA NUM N IGR UM L . KONTI OR BLACK NIGHTSHADE .

Lo cal nam es : A in ti (Bo n to c ) ; bu lag tab (B isaya ) ; ka larTga (M isam is ) ;kam akam a tisan (Tagalo g ) ; kon ti ( Tagalo g ) ; lubi- liibi ( Tagalo g ,

B iko l,B isaya ) ; m a lasile ( Sam ar ) ; n a te

’

ng ( Batanes Islands,Benguet ) ; an ti

(Laguna ) .

Th e leaves are Offic ial in th e French , Mexican , and SpanishPharmacopoeias .

So lanum n igrum is an erect, branched,smooth or nearly

smooth h erb 1 meter or less in he ight . Th e stems are green

and somewhat three-angled. Th e leaves are 5 to 8 centimeterslong , pointed at both ends

, th e margins subentire or undulatelytoothed or lobed. Th e corolla is white and about 8 millimetersin diameter . Th e fruit is a dark purple or black , smooth ,rounded berry about 5 millim eters in diameterThis species is wide ly distributed in waste places from north

ern Luzon to southern M indanao .

Family B IGNONIA CEAE

Genus S ESA MUM

S ESA MUM OR lENTA LE L . (S . indicum DC . ) LINGA OR SESAME .

A description of this species and its local names are given inth e section on res ins , gum s , and oils .

Th e Oil is official in m any pharm acopoe ias .

Family PLANTA G INA CEA E

Genu s PLA NTA GOPLA NTA GO MA JOR L . PLANTA IN .

Lo cal n am es : Lan ting ( Bo n to c , Man ila ) ; llan ten ( Span ish ) ; p lan tain

(En g lish ) .

Th e leaves are Offic ial in th e Mex ican and Spanish Pharmaco p o eias . They appear to be of little value .

Plan tag o maj o r is a perennial herb th e leaves of which occurin a rosette near th e ground. They are 5 to 10 centimeters long,about five -nerved,

with a petio le Often as lo ng as th e leaf-b lade .

Th e spikes are 6 to 1 2 centimeters long, erect, slender, and havecrowded fl owers . Th e capsules are ovoid and about 3 millimeters long .

This spec ies was introduced by th e Spaniards and is nownaturalized in some localities in Luzon .

OFFIC IAL MEDICINAL PLANTS 75

Family COMPOSITA E

Genus A RT EM I S I A

A RT EM IS I A VULGA R I S L . DAMONG-MARIA o r MUGWORT.

Lo cal n am es : A r tam isa ( B isaya ) ; damning—m aria (Man ila ) ; kam aria

( Tagalo g ) ; g ilbas (Neg ro s Orien tal ) ; h erbraka (B o n to c ) .

Th e upper portion of th e plant is offic ial in th e French and

Swiss Pharmacopoe ias .

A rtem isia vu lgaris is an erect , hairy, rank-sme l l ing, often halfwoody herb 50 to 80 centimeters in height . Th e leaves are

pinnately lobed, 5 to 14 centimeters long, gray beneath , andnearly smooth above . The flowering heads are num erous , ovoid,3 to 4 mill imeters long, and occur in large numbers on branchedinflo rescences .

This spec ies was introduced from E urope into th e Philippines .

It is wide ly distributed in cultivation and is thoroughly naturalized in some regions .

Genus B I DENS

BIDENS PILOSA L . PURIKET.

A description Of this spec ies and its local names are given

In th e section on food plants .

Th e leaves are Official in th e Netherlandish Pharmacopoe ia .

Genus BLUMEA

BLUMEA BA LSA M I FERA (L. ) DC. SAMBONG.


in th e section on res ins , gums , and oils .

Th e leaves are Ofli cial in th e Netherlandish Pharmacopoeia .

POISONOUS PHILIPPINE PLANTS

By WILLIAMH. BROWN

POISONOUS PHILIPPINE PLANTS


A large number Of wild Philipp ine plants have been used fo lpoisoning fish , others yie ld arrow poisons , and still others are

used for poisoning dogs . Th e use of fish poisons is prohib itedby law, so that these plants are Of more scientific than practicalinterest. Th e use Of arrow poisons is confined to a very fewpeople belonging to wild tribes , and is also of little practicalimportance . For these reasons , local names and descriptionshave not been given for these plants . Th e following accountis l ittle more than a list of poisonous plants known to havebeen used in th e Philippines .

Family MENISPERMA CEA E

Genu s A NAM I RTA

A NA M I RTA COCCULUS (L. ) W . A .

Th e powdered fruits of this species are put in water to kill

fish . In preparing th e poison , th e fruit is heated until dry andthen crushed and powdered . Th e fruits are poisonous not onlyto fish , but also to other animals .

Family CONNARA CEAE

Genu s ROUR EA

ROUR EA ER ECTA (Blan co ) Merr .

The wood of B o urea erecta is poisonous . It is pounded , boiled,

and mixed with th e food of dogs in order to kill them .

ROUR EA VOLUB I L I S (Blan co ) Merr .

The fruits of this vine are used for poisoning dogs .

Family LEGUM INOSAE

Genu s DE R R I S

DER R I S ELLIPT ICA (Ro xb . ) Benth .

Th e roots of this species are used to poison fish . Cattle

died from eating this plant .

DER R I S PH I LIPP IN ENS I S Merr .

Th e roots of this plant are used as a fish poison . Cattle

died from eating this plant .


Family EUPHORB IA CEAE

Genus A LCHORNEA

A LCHO RNEA S I CCA (Blanco ) Merr.

Th e leaves and fruits are used for poisoning fish .

Genu s C ROTONCROTON T IGLI UM L .

Th e crushed leaves are used for poisoning fish .

Genus FLUGEA

FLUGGEA VIROSA ( Ro xb . ) Baill .

Th e bark is used to poison fish .

Genu s HOMA LA NTHUS

HOMA LA NTHUS FA STUOSUS (Linden ) F.-Vi11.

Th e leaves are used for poisoning fish .

Genu s JA TROPHA

J A TROPHA MULT IFIDA L .

This plant is used as a fish poison .

Family BUXA CEAE

Genus BUX U SBUX US ROLFE I Vid.

The fru its of th is spec ies are dried and fine ly cut, and thenscattered on water as a fish poison .

Family SA PINDA CEA E

Genus HA R PULL I A

HA R PULL I A A R BOR EA (Blan co ) Radlk .

Th e bark of this spec ies is chopped fine and put in freshwater streams to kill fish .

Family STERCULIA CEA E

Genu s KLE INHOVIA

KLE INHOVIA HOSPITA L .

In Marinduque the bark and leaves are used to poison eels .

Family THEA CEAE

Genus T ERNSTROEMIA

T ERNSTRO EM I A TOQU I AN (Blanco ) F .-Vill.

The fruit and bark of this species are used for poisoning fish .


poison . They are also som etimes eaten by cattle with fatalresults .

CA LL I CA RPA CA NA L .

The leaves Of this spec ies are pounded and then used as a.

fish poison .

CA LL I CA R PA E R IOCLONA Sch .

Th e leaves of this plant are used as a fish poison .

Fam ily COMPOSITA E

Genu s BLUMEA

BLUMEA BA LSA MIFERA (L . ) DC.

The leaves Of this plant are used w ith other plants for poisoning fish . The ir efficacy is questionable .

MISCELLANEOUS USEFUL WILD PHILIPPINE

PLANTS



PLANTS

CONTENTS

ILLUSTRATIONSINTRODUCTIONDESCRIPTION OF SPECIES_ _

F irew o o d

Leu caena g lauca

Phyllanthus reticu latu s

A canthu s ilic ifo lius

Pap er Substitute sHom alo m ena philipp inen sis

Mu sa spp .

Sphagnum

Sphagnum sp .

Tann ln s

Pinu s insularis

W einm ann ia luzo n en sis

Pithec o lo bium dulce

Can arium luz o n icum

Calo phyllum inOphyllum

A rdisia serrata

T o bacco Substitutes

A stilbe philipp inen sis

So lanum inaequ ilaterale

Tree -fern Tru nk sCyathea spp .

ILLUSTRA TIONS

. 1 . Stand o f ip il ip il su rro unded by co g o n

. Interio r o f 2 -year- o ld 1l lp l l stand

3. Ro o t system o f ip il ip il sh owing tendency to develo p lo ng

tap ro o ts

4 . Ip il-ip il sp ro uts 1 year o ld

5 . Strip 1 0 by 50 m ete rs in interio r o f 1 -year-Old spro u t stand

o f ip ilip il‘fro m which cubic m eters co rds ) Of

firew o o d was cut

6 . Tw o -year Old stand Of ip ilip il. Ye ild 12 5 cubic m eters o f

firewo o d p er hectare ( 13s co rds per acre )


FIG. 1 . STAND OF IPIL-IPII. SURROUNDED BY KOGON.

FIG. 2 . INTER IOR OF 2 -YEAR-OLD IP IL-IP IL STAND.


PLANTS


In preparing this bulletin , most of the useful forest plants areincluded in special sections . There are, however , a few whichdo not fit into any of th e preceding sections , and which are

brought tog ether here for th e sake of com pleteness .

FIREWOOD

A large number of misce llaneous trees in th e Philippines areused as firewood. Th e most important species are found in

the mangrove swamps, and have been treated in a separatesection . There is o ne dry-land s pecies , Leu caena g lauca ( ipil

ipil ) which deserves spec ial mention . This spec ies has been thesubj ect Of a special bulletin by Matthews , from which th e following information is taken .

Family LEGUM INOSA E

Genu s LEUCA ENA

LE UCA ENA GLA UCA (L. ) Ben th . ( F ig s . 1 IPIL-iPIL.

A description and figure of this species and its local namesare given in th e section on food plants .

Ipil- ipi l never attains a large s ize,and a tree 25 centimeters

in diameter and 10 meters tall would be exceptionally large .

E ven in stands which have not been cut for a long period, th e

average diameter of th e trees would be about 10 centimeters ,the stand as a whole not exceeding 1 0 meters in he igh t . Thisspecies produces seeds in g reat abundance , th e seeds germinatequickly, and even under adverse conditions th e seedlings growrapidly . Th e result is that th e trees are usually found in densestands which Often contain no o th er

'

sp ecies . The long slenderpoles are especially su ited for th e firewood needs of the Philipp ines .

Ipil-ipi l is particularly valuab le for planting in kogon areasas it can compete with th e grass and , if not disturbed by fires ,drive it out. A bout 25 l iters of seed , if broadcasted , will planta hectare . This should be done at the beginning Of th e rainy

87


season, and the grass should be burnt at the last poss ible momentbefore th e rains begin . A s th e tree begins to shed seeds atthe end Of th e first year, any vacant places will be fil led ; and

by th e end Of th e third year, ip ilip il should fairly dominate

th e area'

and be we l l started toward th e production Of the firstcrop of firewood . Much quicker and better results would beobtained if the area were plowed once , just after the grass isburned. This would prevent th e quick return Of th e grass anddo away with th e competition between th e small trees and th efast-g rowing kog on , which often sets th e crop back a year ormore . P lowing would also give a much better seed bed andwould result in a greater number of young plants at th e start .If th e seeds cannot be had in sufli cient quantities for broad

casting, they can be sown in seed spots , drills , or with a cornplanter . If any of these methods are adopted, 5 to 1 0 l iters ofseeds will plant a hectare .

If ipil ipil is planted in a grass area it should be protectedfrom fires , as th e burning of th e surrounding grass woulddestroy th e crop at any tim e up to the end Of the third year,at which time th e stands Should be dense enough to prevent

the entrance of fires .

Th e management of a closed stand of ipil- ip i l is very Simple .

It would probably be most profitable to cut the stand every

three years , when th e trees should average 10 centim eters indiameter and 5 to 6 meters in he ight . The yie ld shou ld average from 1 20 to 13 0 stacked cub ic meters p er hectare, whichis equivalent to 13 or 14 cords p er acre . Th e only rule neces

sary for th e successful management of a stand would be to cutth e stems at th e lowest practicable he ight, preferably 10 cen

tim eters or less , and to make th e cuts as Clean and smooth asposs ible so as not to damage th e bark . It would appear that thecutting may extend over as large an area as is des ired, as sproutsare deve loped at once and grow rapidly enough to preclude th eentrance Of undes irab le Species . F ires can be avoided by harvesting th e stand during th e rainy season .

In 1914 , Matthews estimated that after allowing for compoundinterest at 5 p er cent, a three years

’rotation should give 39 p ercent interest on th e investment . With th e present price of firewood, th e rate should be greater .

Leucaena g lauca has not only been ,

grown successfully as afirewood crop , but has been of great advantage to the Bureau ofForestry in its reforestation proj ects as a nurse crop forforest trees .

90 MINOR PRODUCTS OF PH ILIPPINE FORESTS .

Family EUPHORBIA CEA E

Genus PHYLLA NTHUS

PHYLLANTHUS R ET I CULA TUS Po ir . MATANG BUYUD.

Lo cal nam es : Bag bagu to t (Cam igu in I sland, Un io n ) ; bubabo t (Abra ) ;m atang -buyud (Cam arines ) ; p ag ba o to t ( Ilo co s No rte ) ; tinatinaan (Ma

n ila ) ; to lo g to’

lo g (Laguna , Negro s ) .

Ink is prepared from th e ripe fruits Of this species .

Phyllanthus reticu latus is a shrub to 5 meters in he ight .The leaves are alternate and occur on th e stems

'

in two rows .

They are to 4 centimeters long, rather pale beneath , and haveshort petioles . Th e flowers grow s ingly or in clusters of a fewin the ax i ls of th e leaves . They are green, tinged with purple ,and 2 to 3 millim eters in length . Th e fruit is rounded and

somewhat flattened , soft, fleshy, smooth , 5 to 12 millimeters indiameter

,and is black when mature .

Phyllan thus reticu latus is very comm on and widely distributedin open places and thickets from northern Luzon to southernM indanao .

Family A CANTHA CEA E

Genu s A CA NTHUS

A CA NTHUS ILIC IFOLIUS L . DILIUARIU .

A description Of this plant and its local names are given in

the section on mangrove swamps .

A ccording to Tavera this plant is used in the soap-making in

dustry, lye being prepared from th e ash .

PAPER SUBSTITUTES

Family ARA CEA E

Genu s HOMA LOMENA

HOMA LOMENA PH I L I PP I NENS I S Eng l. TAHIG.

Lo cal nam es : A lupayi ( Po lillo ) s a le t ( Pangasinan ) sa let nga na labag a

(La Un io n ) ; tahig (Cam arin es ) .

Th e large leaves Of this. spec ies are used extens ive ly in Camarines for wrapping articles of food .

I

Homalom ena p h ilipp in ensis is an herb reaching a he ight Ofabout 1 meter . The leaves grow in a cluster from th e ground

and are larg e and somewhat heart-shaped . The“flowers " are

green or whitish and about 6 centimeters in leng th .

FIREWOOD 91

FIGURE 5 . STR IP 1 0 BY 5 0 METERS IN INTER IOR OF 1 -YEAR-OLD SPROUT STAND OF

IP IL-IP IL FROM WH ICH CUB IC METERS CORDS ) OF FIREWOOD WAS CUT.

FIGURE 6 . TWO-YEAR-OLD STAND OF IP IL-IP IL. Y IELD : 1 25 CUB IC METERS OF

FIREWOOD PER HECTARE ( 1 3 -2 CORDS PER ACRE ) .


This species is distributed from Luzon to M indanao and Pala~wan .

Family MUSA CEA E

Genus MUSAMUSA spp . WILD BANANA .

The leaves of a number of wild bananas are used extens ive lyfor polishing floors , for lining pots in which rice is co oked, forlining baskets and sim ilar

'

articles in which food is stored, andfor wrapping various articles sold in markets and shops .

SPHAGNUM

Family SPHA GNA CEA E

Genu's SPHA GNUM

This moss , which is extens ively used in other countries forsurgical dress ings and for packing living plants

,fish

, eggs , etc . ,

is of very little comm erc ial importance in th e Philippines . It

occurs only at high altitudes , at and above elevations ofmeters , and g enerally in inaccess ib le regions .

Th e supply Of this moss in th e Philippines is l imited, and itwould probably be cheaper to import th e small quantity usedthan to attempt to collect it locally .

TANNINS

Th e most important comm erc ial sources of tannin in the Philipp ines are th e mangrove swamps , which have been treated in aseparate section . Th e species which is locally used in greates tquantities is Pitheco lo bium dulce (kamachile ) . A ccording toGana, th e mangrove swamps and Pitheco lo bium du lce yie ld the

only barks used by Philippine tanners . Gana investigated anumber of species and found a few which have Commercial possibilities . These are mentioned in th e following discuss ion .

Family PINA CEAE

Genus P I NUSPINUS INSULA R I S Endl. SALENG o r BENGUET PINE .

A description and figure of this species and its local n amesare given in th e section on resins , gums , and Oi ls .

Gana examined th e bark of this species as a tanning material and reported that it contained a very low percentage of

Gana , V . Q. , Som e Philipp ine tanbarks . Philipp in e Jo urnal o f Science ,Sectio n A , Vo lum e 1 1 page 262 .

TANNINS 93

tannin , It gave a satisfactory leather of reddish tan withfirm texture and good gra in , but th e process of tanning was s lowGana bel ieved that owing to th e good qual ity of th e leatherproduced and th e availab i l ity of pine trees , the util ization ofthis bark as a tanning material was commercially important .

Family CUNONIA CEA E

Genus W E INMANN I A

W E INMANN I A LUZONIENS IS Vidal .

It has been found by th e St. Louis College at Baguio thatthis spec ies furnishes good tanbark .

Weinmannia lazo niensis is a tree reaching a height of 20 m e

ters and a diameter of 50 centimeters . Th e leaves are oppos ite,and compound with three to seven leaflets , which are leathery ,pointed at both ends , 4 to 1 0 centimeters in length, and withtoothed margins . The flowers are fairly small, white or p inkish ,and borne on racemes .

This spec ies is found in th e mountains of Luzon and is ap

parently fairly common in some localities .

Family LEGUM INOSAE

Genu s P I THECOLO B I UM

P I THECOLO B I UM DULC E (R oxb . ) Ben th . KAMACHILE .

A description and figure and the local names of this speciesare given in th e section on food plants .

Gana ,* who has made a study of Philippine tanneries , writes

as follows concerning this spec ies :

Camanch ile bark is u sed alm o st exclu sively by Filip in o tann ers, wh o

prefer it o n acco un t o f the light-co lo red leather it p ro duce s . Becau seo f this dem and th e price o f air-dried cam an ch ile bark h as risen as highas 10 pe so s p er 100 kilo gram s . The tree is wide ly scattered thro ugho utth e Islands , altho ugh n owhere system atically o r exten sively gro wn . The

presen t annual co n sum ptio n o f bark am o unts to abo ut to ns . Ex

haustio n o f th e supp ly is threaten ed, as th e trees are comm o n ly killed

by to o exten sive stripp ing o f th e bark . Th e bark is brown ish gray and

ro ugh o utside and reddish brown ins ide . It pro duces du ll bu t light-co lo redleather , which redden s o n exp o sure to light . A n infusio n o f it co n ta in s

a tann in o f th e catech o l class , which gives a green-black precip itate with

iro n salts , a light bro wn precip itate w ith bro m ine water, and crim so n

line when in co ntact with o ne dro p o f co n cen trated su lphuric acid. Up o nanalysis a rep resentative sam p le o f th e bark gave th e fo llo wing results ,

Gana , V . Q. , The leather indu stry o f th e Philipp ine Islands . Philipp ineJ o urnal o f Scien ce , Sectio n A

, Vo lum e 1 0 pag e 353 .


calcu lated On water-fr ee m aterial : To tal extract, per cent ; n o n -tann in ,

p er cent ; tann in , p er cen t .

Cam anch ile bark infu sio n so o n ferm ents and decom p o ses in this clim ate ,

resu lting in th e destru ctio n o f tann in s , th e develo pm ent o f a disagreeable

Odo r, and a thicken ing o f the liqu id due to a visco u s gelatino us fo rm atio n

which accum ulates and grows o n th e surface . A few experim ents with

phen o l as a p reservative sho wed that a co n centratio n o f per cent do e s

n o t check the ferm entatio n appreciably, as in a co n tro l infusio n th e

tann in s were destro yed, th e co lo r becam e a deep wine red —at least threetim es as intense as th e o rig inal red o range

— a so m ewhat p enetrating sm ell

was g iven o ff, and a gelatin o u s fo rm atio n and a slim y sedim ent develo p ed,which m ade th e infu sio n visco u s . A fter fo ur m o nths th e lo ss o f tann in

am o unted to 1 5 p er cent o f th e to ta l tann in co n tent . A n in fusio n co n

tain ing p er cen t phen o l at th e end o f th e sam e p erio d sho wed a p racti

cally unaltered tann in co ntent and an acidity equal to g ram acetic

acid per 100 cubic centim eters . A little ferm entatio n which so o n ceased

had p ro duced so m e slim y sedim entatio n , but had n o t altered th e appear

ance o r Odo r o f th e clear supernatan t infusio n .

Camanch ile bark c o ntain s irritating p rin cip les , which are believed by

labo rers in th e tann eries to indicate ro ughly th e stength o f infusio ns . In

fectio n o f th e eyes , p ro ducing weaken ing o f the sight , and irritatio n and

swelling o f th e lids are attributed to them .

Family BURSERA CEA E

Genus CA NA R I UM

CA NA R I UM LUZONICUM (BL) A . Gray .

A description and figure of this species and its local namesare given in the section on res ins, gums , and Oi ls .

A ccording to Gana th e bark of this species contains p er

cent Of tannin and gives a satisfactory leather, which is yellowish tan , with firm texture and good grain . Th e tanning

process is s low . On account of th e value of th e nuts and res inproduced by this species , Gana did not bel ieve that th e barkwould be available on a comm ercial scale .

Family GUTT IFERA E

Genus CA LOPHYLLUM

CA LOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM L . BITAOG o r PALOMARIA DE -LA PLAYA .

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local namesare g iven in the section on res ins , gums , and Oils .

Gana * found that th e bark of this species contained

Gana , V . Q.,Som e Philipp ine tanbarks . Philipp ine J o u rnal o f Sc ien ce ,

Sectio n A,Vo lum e 1 1 page 262 .

TOBACCO SUBST ITUTES 95

per cent of tannin and that it gave a satisfactory leather s imilar to pine-tanned leather in color , texture and grain .

This species is fairly abundant . Th e trees are , however,wide ly scattered , and the collection o f bark from those fel ledfor lumber would be difficult and expens ive .

Family MYRSINA CEA E

Genus A R D I S I A

A R D I SIA SER RA TA (Cav . ) Pers .

Lo cal nam es : Dapu i (Nueva Vizcaya ) ; laba t, rukraks o (Cagayan ) ;

ma lapu ta t, p anabo n ( Pam panga ) .

It has been found by th e St . Louis College at Baguio thatthis species furnishes good tanbark .

A rdisia serrata is a tree reach ing a he ight of about 10 metersand a diameter of about 2 0 centimeters or more . Th e leavesare oppos ite , smooth , 10 to 22 centimeters long , 4 to 8 centimeters wide , pointed at both ends , and with rather small , pointedteeth along the margins . Th e flowers are fairly small , pinkish ,and borne in cons iderable numbers on compound inflo rescences .

Th e fruits are round , about a centimeter in diameter, and contain a s ingle round seed . When young th e fruits are green ,but as they ripen they turn red and finally black .

This spec ies is distributed from northern Luzon to M indanaoand is apparently very common .

TOBACCO SUBSTITUTES

Family SAXIFRA GA CEA E

Gen u s A ST I LBE

A ST I LBE PHIL I PPINENS I S Henry .KAUAN .

Lo cal n am es : Kauan (Benguet ) ; tug tug i ( B o nto c ) .

This spec ies is used by the Igorots for smoking . They sometimes mix with it a l ittle tobacco .

A s tilbe p hilipp inens is is a hairy herb , 1 to 2 meters inhe ight . Th e leaves are compound, with leaflets which are

pointed at th e tip , usually Obl ique at th e base , and prominentlytoothed. Th e flowers are small and white , but are borne onlarge , conspicuous inflo rescences .

This spec ies has been reported only from th e Mountain Province .


Family SOLANA CEAE

Genu s SOLA NUM

SOLANUM INA EQU ILA T ERA LE M err .

Lo cal nam es : Tabaco -tabaco (Lanao ) ; ta la n ta lo gan (Bukidn o n )

Th e leaves Of this shrub are used by th e Moro-Subanuns f o rsmoking.

S o larium inaequ ilaterale is a thorny shrub about 2 meters inheight . Th e leaves are large and hairy, th e margins toothedwith larg e lobes . The fruits are born e in clusters and are brightscarlet .

TREE-FERN TRUNKS

Family CYA THEA CEA E

Genus CYA THEACYA THEA spp .

Lo cal nam es : A tibangdal, m arapako ( B enguet ) ; m anap o (Benguet ) ;p a la iTg o (Cam arines ) ; p un it ( Sam ar ) .

Th e tree ferns are always ornamental ; but, on account Of

cl imatic conditions , cannot be successfully planted in c ities andtowns at low altitudes .

Th e trunks of these ferns are very hard and durable , andfor this reason are sometimes used for house posts . Owing toth e peculiar arrangement of th e very large vascular bundles ,their durable qualities , and. the ir hardness , which allows arather high pol ish , sections of th e trunk are Often prepared

for vases or other obj ects of util ity such as penc il holders andeven umbrel la holders . The stems may be split, and th e harderpart used for inlaying or for making small o rnamental boxes ,frames , etc . In general , however, tree ferns occupy a distinctlyinferior place in th e l ist of Phil ippine eco n om ic p lants .

The tree ferns are abundant in many parts of th e Phil ippines ,although they are rare ly found at low altitudes except in regionswhere there is abundant rainfall .

PHILIPPINE EDIBLE FUNGI

CONTENTS

LUSTRATIONS

YPES OF EDIBLE FUNGI

Fam ily A uriculariaceaeA uricularia p o lytricha

A uricu laria auricula—judae

A uricu laria co rnea

A uricu laria tenu is

A uricularia brasilien sis

A uricu laria m o e llerii

Fam ily Trem ellaceae

Trem ella fucifo rm is

Fam ily HydnaceaeHydnum spp .

Fam ily Po lyp o raceaeBo letu s spp .

Fam ily A garicaceaeCo p rinus ater

Co prinus bryantiC o p rinus co nco lo r

Co p rinu s c o nfertus

Co p rinus delique scen s

Co prinus flo s-lactus

Co prinus o rn atu s

Co p rinus p licatilis

Co p rinus p seudo -

p licatus

C o p rinus rev o lutus

Co p rinus rim o sus

Co prinus sterco rarius

Co p rinus v o lutu s

Panaeo lus p anaien se

Panae o lu s p seudOpap ilio naceus

Lentinu s exilis

Marasm ius sp p .

Co rtinarius spp .

Vo lvaria esculenta

A garicus argyro stectus

A garicus bo lto n i

A garicus luzo nen sis

A garicus m an ilen sis .

A garicus m errillii

A garicus perfu scus


TYPE OF EDIBLE FUNGI— Co ntinued.

Fam ily A garicaceae— Co ntinued.

Pleu ro tus o streatus

Co llybia album in o sa

Lep io ta candida

Lep io ta ch lo ro sp o ra ( p o is o n o us )Lep io ta elata

Lep io ta fusco -squam ea

Fam ily Lyco p erdaceaeLyco perdo n lilacinum

Lyco p erdo n pusillum

Lyco perdo n pyrifo rm e

Sclero derm a verru co sumPRECAUTIONARY MEASURESUSES AND METHODS OF COOKING


Co llybia a lbum in o sa (Berk . ) Petch . Upper surface . Gro wnfro m term ite nest

Co llybia a lbum in o sa ( Berk . ) Petch . Lo wer surface . Gro wnfro m term ite ne st

Lepi o ta ch lo r o sp o ra Co pel . Po iso n o u s . Vario u s stages o f

develo pm en t . Slightly reduced

Lyc o p erdo n lilacinum (M o nt . et Berk . ) Speg . (Giant puffball ) . Old

, purp led, dried spec im en . TOO Old to be eaten .

Gro ws o n so il. ReducedSc ler o derm a v erru c o sum Pers . ( Puff ball . ) Grow s o n so il .

Natu ral s ize

Fairy ring o f edible fung i g ro wing o n lawn

Pag e .

PHILIPPINE EDIBLE FUNGI

BY OTTO A . REINKING *

Mushrooms and other edible fungi are an important forestby-product of th e Philippine Islands . The culture of these usefulfungi is not extens ive ly practiced, but vast numbers are collectedlocally as they grow in th e wild state . Instead of practicing definite cultural methods , as is done in Japan and China , the peopleof th e Philippines depend upon imports to supply th e generalcommerc ial demand . A ccording to the Insular Collector of Custo ms , dried mushrooms in bulk were imported at th e port ofManila during the year 1918 as follows : From China

, P 1 1 ,981 ,

and from Japan P9 ,097 . Canned mushrooms are also consumedin large quantities . Th e entire supply for home consumptioncould be eas i ly produced in this co untry ,

by special methods ,where conditions for growth and development are ideal .The first grade of the A uricularia type of fungi sel ls on the

Manila market for P 3 a kilo , and th e second grade for P 1 8 0 akilo . Th e price of the Japanese and Chinese form of Co rtinellusvaries from P2 to P 4 40 a kilo according to th e season . A t theseprices the latter fungi cost in a dried state , about two centavoseach . Local Chinese merchants will pay P 1 .60 a kilo for a good

grade Of th e A uricu laria type Of fungi grown in th e Islands .

With such prices th e mushroom and edible fungus industry couldbe eas i ly establ ished to supply th e local demand with home grownproducts .

E dible fungi grow wild abundantly in th e forests on decayingwood . They are found also in small clearings and on lawns,where they derive the i r food from organic matter in the ground .

One excel lent form deve lops from abandoned te rmite nests . Th e

common cultivated type , Vo lvaria escu len ta Bres . is grown onpiles of abaca , banana , or rice straw refuse which has been p repared ln a shady and damp place such as in abaca and bananaplantations or in old overgrown wood- lots . In China and Japana more extens ive system of culture is practiced . Shipmentsfrom China cons ist primarily of th e dried A uricu laria type .

This fungus grows on decaying wood, everywhere in th e Philippines . In th e Tagalog regions it is known as taifi

‘

gang -daga,

Pro fesso r o f Plant Patho lo gy , C o llege o f A gricu lture , Lo s Bano s .

103


meaning rat’s ears , due to th e general resemblance of the mush

room to the rat’s ear . It is reddish brown to black, homogeneous,

ge latinous , collaps ing when dry and reviving when moistened(F igs . 1 and Th e form generally shipped in th e dry statefrom Japan is th e Co rtinellns type (F ig . Similar fungi , justas good in flavor, can be produced in the Philippines .

Comm ercial attaché Julean A rnold,* of Pekin , writes as fol

lows ln regard to mushrooms as an article of commerce in China .

The Chinese u se many varieties o f fungi in their dietary . Dried mushro om s are p o pular wi th Chinese everywhere . They are gradually assum

ing a p o sitio n o f im p o rt ance in th e exp o rt trade . In 1917 , China exp o rted

200 to ns ; it is likely that this am o unt in cludes fungi o ther than mushro om s , as the custom s autho rities pro bably do n o t distingu ish . F o o chowis th e center o f this trade . It exp o rted to o ther p o rts in China and to

fo reign co untries a to tal o f p o unds o f dried edible fungi. Theyare grown in th e m o untaino us ditrict in the inte ri o r o f Fukien , o n hardwo o d lo g s felled fo r th e purp o se . Incisio n s are m ade in th e lo g s , liquidmanure is p o ured o ver th e incisio n s, straw is co vered o ver them , and

when this is well ro tted the fungi spring fo rth .

In Japan even more scientific methods Of culture are practiced.

Mimura,j‘ forest e xpert of Japan , comm ents on mushrooms cul

ture in , Notes on“Shiitake ,

"

(Co rtin ellus Shiitake Schro t . )The Shiitake m ushro om which is an imp o rtant fo rest by p ro duct to

this co untry, is pro duced to the extent o f kilo gram s a year, o f

which annually o ver kilo s valued at are exp o rted. The

study o f this imp o rtant pro duct in th e fo re st indu stry sho uld n o t be

disregarded.

I . SHIITA KE CULTURE A S HITHERTO KNOWN .

The Shiitake is kn own to have been u sed as a nutritio u s article o f

fo o d fo r o ver years . Th e p e o ple in an cien t tim es seem to havelearned h ow to grow Shiitake having no ticed its o ccasio nal appearance

o n fallen tru nks and ro tten wo o ds after fall Of rain . They, then , began to

fell trees in autum n , o n which th e mu shro om grows better than th e trees

felled in o ther seaso n s and lately they learned to grow th e mushro om s

by th e SO-called“so ak and strike

"

m eth o ds . Th e Shiitake is a sapro phyteand th e w o o d o n which it is to be grown sho uld becom e th o ro ughlyseaso ned. Th e Shiitake can g ro w o n alm o st any bro ad-leaved tree trunk ,

but it is m o stly gro wn o n th e w o o d o f o ak o r birch . In th e case Of

decidu o us trees , they sh o u ld be felled early in th e fall, evergreen o aks

* A rn o ld, Ju lcan . Mu shro o m s as an article o f comm erce . Daily Co nsular and Trade Rep o rts , No . 299, pages 1 1 1 7— 1 1 18 , December. , 1918 .

W ashingt o n ,-D. C .

‘

i‘ Mimura , Sh o zaburo . N o tes o n Sh i i take" (Co r tinellu s Sh iitake Schro t . )

cu lture . Extracts from th e Bu lletin o f th e Fo rest Exp erim ent Statio n ,

Meguro , T o kyo , Bureau o f F o restry, Dep artm ent Of A griculture and

C o mm erce,To kyo

,Jap an , p ages 109—11 1 4 . 191 5 .


sho u ld be fe lled in the m id-winte r,a nd bo th cut into sticks 2 m eters

lo ng . The ba rk sh o u ld be cut to acce le rate inc is io ns as the“

arrang em ent

o f leaf.

"The we ll-seaso ned wo o d s o p repared is then p iled up in shady

p laces and c o ve red them with leaves and branches o f th e tree so as to

e nsu re succe ssfu l develo pm en t o f sp o res . In the o ld m etho d the peo p le

attached m uch imp o rtance to the tim e o f fe lling trees and the p lace in

wh ich the billets are p iled . Th e cause o f the p a ras itic fung us , ho wever,rem ained little kn o wn am o ng the co u ntry p eo ple and co n sequently no

artific ial ino culatio n was eve r tried p rio r to 1903 , when the autho r under

to o k fo r the first tim e c lo se study o f th e nature o f th e m ushro om s as

well as o f its s po res and m yce lium . Th e result is the ino cu latio n o f

sp o res and myce lium o n seas o ned wo o d was successfu l . The p articulars

o f the wo rk so e ffec ted have appeared in the “J o urnal o f th e F o restrySo c iety o f Japan "

o f A p ril, 1904 .

IV. ECONOM ICA L M E THOD OF SHI ITAKE CULT URE .

W e have s o far described th e natu re o f Sp o re and m ycelium o f the

Sh iitake m ush ro o m and can imm ediate ly p ro ceed to set fo rth a ratio nal

m o de o f cu lture . Such the m etho d wo u ld n o t pay if tried as a seco ndaryindustry in the co u ntry and we shall he re be lo w g ive the deta ils o f the

m eth o d fo u nd p racticable in o u r o wn expe rim en t .

( a ) INOCULATION WITH BILLETS ON WH ICH MUSHROOMS HAD GROWN .

The starch w ith in th e leave s o f a tree g enerally m o ves to ward th e

ro o ts at the end o f autum n ,- he nce , tree s. felled in the autum n are

natu rally riche r in starch . Further, the billets o btained fro m trees felled

be tween the fall and th e tim e o f budding in spring firm ly kept their

ba rk . B illets , rich in starch and with a g o o d bark co vering are the m o st

favo rable fo r cu ltu re o f m u sh ro o m . Therefo re dec idu o us tree s to be

used in the cu lture sho uld be fe lled befo re the fall o f th e leaves in

lo calities , where the re is n o deep sn o w wh ile in regio n s where sn o w falls

heavily, trees sho u ld be felled early befo re sp ring buds se t in . Th e

fe lled trees Sho u ld be cut into appro p riate leng ths and well dried. Th e

dried billets are then taken to a wet Shady p lace , and am o ng them th e billets

that already bo re m u shro o m s are in se rted . The sp o res fro m th e mushro o m s g ro wn o n th e m o ther bille ts dis sem inate o n the fresh billets and

so en sure succes sful ino cu latio n . The m atu red billets g ive o rdinarily a

harve st o f m u sh ro o m s bo th in sp r ing and au tum n . Previo u s to th e s easo n ,

h o weve r, th e bille ts sho uld be kept in water fo r 2 4 ho urs and then struck

heavy blo ws o n bo th e nds , the p ractice be ing te rm ed“s o ak and strike .

A fte r th is Ope ratio n ,m u shro o m s will ap pe ar o n ly 1 week .

( b ) DISSEMINATION OF THE SPORE .

Mushro o m s g ro w n in spring are g enerally co llected when th e fru itbo dy

h as fu lly deve lo ped. They are m uch used fo r ho m e co nsum ptio n and

are te rm ed“Sp ring mu shro o m s

"

(“Haruko The

“W inter m u shro o m s

are co llected in the late Of autum n o r early in w in ter befo re

the cap ( thallus ) is fu lly deve lo ped . They are m uch so ught fo r in th e

Ch ine se m arke t. Bo th kinds o f m u shro o m s Sho u ld imm ediately after

co llectio n be dried e ithe r in the sun light o r by fire , any delay in thiswo rk sp o iling the flavo r o f th e p ro duct . During the drying , Sp o re s fall

in quantities fro m the m atu red cap s and they sh o u ld o f co urse be co l

lo o ted fo r u se in dis sem inatio n . Fo r this pu rp o se , ro tten wo o d is g ro und

EDIBLE FUNGI 107


into a m eal and strewn o ver th e mats o n which m ushro om s are p laced

fo r drying . Th e sam e m eal lo aded with spo re s m ay be u sed m anytimes fo r this end. The m ixture thus o bta ined is kept and can be u sed

in ino culatio n by m ixing with water and sprinkling it up o n fresh billets .

( c ) PROPAGATION BY MEANS OF MYCELIUM.

It is im p o ssible in practice to o btain m ycelium as is do ne in culture .

The m o st co nven ient metho d to o btain them is to rem o ve th e o uter co ating

o f o ld billets that have been u sed in m ushro om growth . Th e ro tten part

o f th e wo o d in which mycelium is abundantly fo und is gro und into a

m eal. This m eal is m ixed with water and be spread o n fresh Ko narabillets . The wo rk is best do ne in winter when stro ng m ycelium able

to resist the co ld can be pro duced.

Th e mushro om can be p ro pagated by in o culatio n , but th e m etho d is

o f so scientific that is co u ld hardly be comprehended by co un try peo ple

wh o remained igno rant o f th e p o ssibility .

A fter th e results o f study o f sp o res and m ycelium o f th e mu shro o mmade by u s becam e fu lly kno wn , they gave a great im petus everywhereto th e culture o f Shiitake . A n increase o f o ver

'

20% in am o unt was

o btained by the ado ptio n o f th e m etho ds . No t o n ly this but in districts

where Shiitake culture had hitherto failed, th e su ccess was Obtained as

elsewhere by the ado ptio n o f o ur new m etho d. Th ere is n o do ubt thatth e artificial in o culatio n o f th e m ushro om as n ow carried o n thro ugho utco untry redo unds to the credit o f this disco very and adds to success

o f th e fo rest industry .

V . CONCLUSION .

Th e sp o re o f m ushro om s lo se s its g erm in ative p ower after a sho rtinterval, so it sho uld be used imm ediately after co llectio n and this is

best do n e by in serting m o ther billets " am o ng th e new billets t o be used

in cu lture .

Th e sp o re o f th e winte r mushro om resists th e co ld well and therefo resp o res grown late in winter by the

“so ak and strike

"m etho d may be

used in p ro pagatio n to advan tage .

Mycelium grown o n m o ther billets is also available fo r pro pagatio n .

To this end, o ld m o ther billets declin ing the gro wth o f mushro om s sho uld

be m ade into m eal, and this m eal, m ixed with water, sho uld be spread

o n fre sh billets . This is best do ne late in winter o r early in spring .

A s the m ushro o m can be pro pagated e ither by th e sp o re o r by mycelium ,

there is n o p lace where th e culture cann o t be carried o n ,co n trary to th e

belief generally held prio r to o ur investigatio n s .

With culture methods essentially like those practiced in Chinaand Japan enough mushrooms could be produced not only forhome consumption , but also for export trade .

In th e discuss ion o f the edible fungi of the Phil ippines particular stress is placed on those forms that can be used commercially . Since a large number of other de l icious mushrooms arecommonly found during the rainy season , the most importantof these are also described . Th e paper takes up th e fungi inthei r systematic arrangement and not according to the ir eco n omic importance .


them . The people seem to prefer to purchase th e forms shippedin from China . Th e fungus grows readi ly on any type of rottingbranches . Th e writer has cultivated them , back Of his laboratory near a creek , with comparative ease (F ig s . 7 and A s

will be seen from th e following account, th e various forms arenot at all particular as to th e species of wood upon which theywill grow . In th e culture work the primary point to be

'

con

Sidered is that an abundance of moisture must.always be

present . A location in a dense jungle near a creek is ideal .Except for s l ight variations , all edible forms are distantly

and vaguely ribbed and plicate , swollen , and somewhat tremello id when moist, with a violet brown co lor, and collaps ing andbecoming hard when dry . They may also be cup-shaped . The

following spec ies are edible .

A UR ICULA R I A POLYTR ICHA (M o n t . ) Sacc .

A uricu laria p o lytricha is a tropical form of A uricu laria auri-e

cu la—judae . Frequently th e A . p o lytricha assumes a large form ,

measuring from five to fifteen centime ters in diameter (F igs .4 , 5 , 7 , and Th e usual forms measure five centimeters indiameter . They are rather thin , leathe ry, lobed plants with none .

or a very short stalk . Th e des ignation of rat’s ear or taifi‘

gang

daga is rathe r appropriate as th e fungus assumes this generalshape . A uricu laria p o lytricha merges into theA uricu laria auri

cu la—judae . Th e former type is , however, usually thicker withlonger hairs and frequently more purplish than the temperatezone form .

A uricu laria p o lytricha develops in abundance and has beengrown by the writer on th e following woodsA cacia farn esiana (Linn . ) Willd. , A lang ium lo ngiflo rum Merr . ,

A leurites m o luccaua (Linn . ) Willd . , A llaean thus luzo nicus (Blan

co ) F.-Vil l . , A llamanda cathartica Linn . , A nn o na muricata L inn .

,

A nn o na reticu lata Linn . , A nn o na squam o sa Linn . , A u tidesma

ghaesem billa Gaertn . , Bam busa spp . , Bauhinia m alabarica Roxb .,

Bixa o rellana Linn Canarium v illo sum -Vi ll . , Castillo a

elas tica Cerv . , Citrus m axima (Burm . ) Merr . (Citrus decumana

Cleidio u jauanicum Blume, Clero deudro u miuahas sac

Teysm . and Binn . , Cofiea arabica Linn . , Co lum bia serratifo lia

Blanca , Co rdia myxa Linn . , Dip lo discus panicu latus Turcz . ,

E laeis guineeusis Jacq . , Ficus‘

angustissima Merr . ,Ficus benja

mina Linn . ,Fluggea viro sa (Roxb . ) Garcinia binu cao

(Blanco ) Choisy, Gliricidia macu lata HEK. , Gliricidia sep ium

(Jacq . ) Steud . , Grap to p hyllum p ictum (Linn . ) Griff Hev ea“

brasiliens is (HBK. ) Mue ll .-A rg . ,Ko o rdersio deudro u p innatum

EDIBLE FUNGI 1 11

FIGURE 5 . AUR ICULAR IA POLYTRICHA . (TA INGANG-DAGA ) . LOWER SURFACE OF A

LARGE SPEC IMEN. NATURAL S IZE.

FIGURE 4 . AUR ICULAR IA POLYTRICHA . (TA INGANG-DAGA . ) UPPER SURFACE

LARGE SPEC IMEN. NATURAL S IZE.


(Blanco ) Merr . , Lagerstro em ia sp ecio sa (Linn . ) Pers . ,Leucaena

g lauca Benth ., I/itsea g lutino sa (Lour . ) C . B . Rob . , Mangiferaindica Linn . ,

Manih o t u tilissima Pohl . , Parkia javanica (Lam . )Merr . (Parkia tim o riensis (DC . ) So lanum g randi

flo rum Ruiz et Pav . , Streblus asp er Lour . , Sum bauia ro ttlerro ides

Baill . , Tamarindus indica L inn . ,Teco ma stans (Linn . ) Juss . ,

Tecto na grandis Linn . f. , and Theo broma cacao L inn .

A U R IC U LA R IA A UR ICU LA -J U DA E (Linn . ) Schro e t .

Auricu laria auricula-judae is also found on dead branches .From a standpo int of edib il ity, to th e ordinary layman , there isno difference from the other of A uricu laria . The A . auricu la

judae type is present in greater abundance in th e temperateregions . It usually does not attain the s ize of the trop ical formand is l ighter in color

,being light brown to gray . The ship

ments of fungi from China are primarily composed of A uricu laria auricula-judae . Wh en dry they are hard and brittle

(F ig . but upon being moistened they become soft and ratherge latinous . The quality is approx imately the same as A . p o ly

tricha . A . auricula-judae has been successfully grown by theWriter on th e following woods :A llsto nia s ch o laris (Linn . ) R . B . ,

A nno na muricata Linn . ,

A nn o na reticulata Linn . , A rto carpus sp . ,Bixa o rellana Linn . ,

Caesalp inia sappan Linn . , Capparis sp . , Clero dendro n mina

hassae Teysm . et Binn ., Dip lo discus paniculatus' Turcz . , Euo dia

sp . ,Ficus spp . ,

Furcraea gigantea Vent ,Gliricidia sep ium

( Jacq . ) Steud .,Hibis cus sp ., J atro pha curcas L inn . ,

Lausium

dom esticam Correa , Leucaena g lauca Benth . , Mangifera indica

Linn .,Manih o t utilissima Pohl, Melia azedarach Linn .

,Para

m eria sp . ,Ptero carpus indicus Willd . , Streblus asp er Lo ur

Strychno s num-vomica Linn . , Tabernaem o ntana pandacaqui Poir

and Triumfetta bartramia L inn .

A U R IC U LA R IA CORNEA Ehrenb .

A ccording to C . G. Lloyd , A uricularia co rnea is not distinctfrom A uricu laria auricula-judae, but is a younger stage , smaller,and paler colored . This fungus is quite common in th e Islandsand from field observations it appears to be the same , only animmature form of e ither A uricu laria auricu la-judae or more

probably Auricularia p o lytricha . The writer has grown it

successfully on the following woods which were placed in adamp location near the river in the rear of his laboratoryA g laia sp . , A langium chinense (Lour . ) Rehd . (A langium

beg o niifo lium A lbizzia acle (Blanco ) Merr . ,A leurites


m o luccaua (Linn . ) Willd . , A llaean thus luzo n icus (Blanco ) F.

Vi ll . , A nn o na muricata Linn . ,A nn o na reticu lata Linn . , Clero

dendro n m inahassac Teysm . et Binn . ,E rio bo rtrya jap o nica

(Thunb . ) Lindl . , E rythrina fus ca Lour Ficus hauili Blanco ,J atro p ha curcas Linn . ,

Mallo tus m o luccanus Muell .-A rg .,Melo

chia arbo rea Blanco , Mus saenda p hilipp ica R ich . ,Psidium gua

java Linn . , Ptero carpus echiuatus Pers . , Ptero carpus indicus

Willd . , Sap indus sap o naria Blanco , So lanum uerbascifo lium Linn . ,

Streblus asp er Lour . ,Tecoma stans (L inn . ) Juss . , Theo broma

cacao Linn . ,Trema am bo iuensis (Willd . ) Blume , Urena lo bata

Linn . , Vitex neguudo Linn . , and Vo acauga g lo bo sa (Blanco )Merr .

A UR I CULA R I A T ENU I S Lev .

A uricu laria tenuis is rather common and can be used directlywith the other forms . It is thinner, not so cup-shaped, smoother,and lighter in color than the common A uricu laria p o lytricha . A s

to quality it compares favorably with th e rest .

The writer has grown this Spec ies successfully on th e fol

lowing woods :Bam busa spp . , Co lum bia serratifo lia Blanca , Crato xylo n sp

Dio spyro s sp . , Dip lo -fliscus p an icula tus Turcz . , E up h o rbia hyp e

ricifo lia Linn . , Ficus spp . ,Leucaena g lauca Benth . , Mel iaceae

Indet . , Parinarium sp .,Psidium guajava Linn . ,

Ptero carpus sp .,

Ptero sp ermum Obliquum Blanca , and Z ea m ays Linn .

A UR ICULA R I A BRA S I L I ENS I S Fr .

A uricu laria brasiliens is is a rare , smooth , tropical form of

ta ir’

ITgang -daga. It has been grown successfully on Pro s o p is

uidaliaua Naves .

A UR ICULA R I A MOELLE R II Llo yd.

A uricu laria m o ellerii is also a form of A uricu laria auricu la

judae . Th e form er fungus differs primarily in having astrongly reticulate hymenium . It is not common .

Fam ily TREMELLA CEA EGenu s TR EME LLA

Pulvinate or affused,brain like ; Spores, conidia, and spori

diola, globose or ovoid, always continuous . Gelatinuo s , treme

llo us, immarginate , hymenium not papillate,surrounding th e

whole of th e fungus .

T R EMELLA FUC IFORMIS Berk .

Tremella fucifo rm is is a comm on white form of Tremella

found in th e tropics . It is characterized by being caespitose .

EDIBLE FUNGI 115

FIGURE 7 . AUR ICULAR IA POLYTRICHA (TA INGANG-DAGA ) ON DEAD BRANCH.

NATURAL S IZE.

FIGURE 8 . AUR ICULAR IA POLYTR ICHA (TA INGANG-DAGA ) ON DEAD STUMP.

NATURAL S IZE.

1 16 MINOR PRODUCTS OF PH ILIPPINE FORESTS

and may attain a Size of about five centimeters high, and theentire c luster fifteen centimeters in width . Th e fungus is re a

p eatedly lo bed or furcate ; with th e lobes , except the last, dilatedin a fan- l ike manner . A cock’s comb effect is produced . Itgrows readi ly on dead wood and has been found on dead branchesof Ko o rdersio deudro n p innatum (Blanco ) Merr . , and Caesal

p inia pu lcherrima (Linn . ) Sw . It is homogeneous , gelatinous ,collaps ing when dry, reviving when moistened . The fungus isnot abundant enough to be of any comm ercial importance , butwhen found it is highly prized by those who are in th e hab it ofeating these forms . It is lacking in flavor

,otherwise be ing

rather soft, and is frequently used espec ially by th e Chinese inthe preparation of various dishes .

Trem ella fo liaccae Fr . may also be found growing on deadwood .

Family HYDNA CEAE

Genus HYDNUM

Hymenium inferior, aculeate , spines subulate , separate atthe base . Fleshy or woody fungi

,stip itate, sess i le or rlesu

pinate .

A number Of spec ies of Hydnum grow - in th e Philippinesand th e fleshy ones are edible . Usually they are too small tobe

,o f any economic importance .

Family POLYPORA CEA E

Genus BOLET U S

Hymenium tubular, distinct from th e hymenophore and eas ilyseparable . Tubes crowded in a porose stratum , without tra

ma’

, eas ily separable from each other . Mouth of the tubes roundor angular, except in a subgenus , s inuous . Spores normallyfus iform , rarely oval or subglobose . Terrestrial putrescentfungi .

The B o letus fungi have a pileus or cap with pores underneath,and a stem . Few Of these forms are found in th e Philippines,but all present are edible .

Family A GARICA CEAE

Genu s COPR I NU S

Hymenophore distinct from the stem ,gills membranaceous ,

at first crowded , coherent , sess i le , at length de l iquescing intoa black fluid, trama none . Spores even black .

The inky caps be long ing to th e Co prinus group are all edibleand found in abundance . Th e fung i are characterized by the irovate cap , somewhat expanded , dark gray to brownish , smooth


with gills 2 millim eters deep , free , crowded, obtuse , remaininga long time pale and then turning dark first at the ir edges .

Th e Spores are dark brown and 8 by microns . Cystidia are

wanting . Th e stipe is about 9 centimeters high , and 5 millimeters thick or a little more at th e base . It is white or brownishsmooth , hollow, and without an annulus . NO Odor is observedand th e taste is m i ld. They are eaten by th e Bag obos , who callthem ligbuk . Th e fungi grow terrestrial in th e forest .

COPR I NUS CONPE RTUS Co pel .

Co p rinus co nfertus is gregarious and caespitose varying greatly with th e weather . Th e pileus is fleshy, co n lcal, and when

grown in dry weather it is very thick . Oppressed, whitish ,cottony flakes cover th e cap , the margin Of which is entire or

c left a few times . During rainy weather,it is thinner and

clothed with an evanescent, s i lky net, and is grayish black,striate , with a tawny or stramineous disk, and lacerate margins .

Th e gills are grayish-black , crowded, lanceolate , free , but close .

Th e spores are ovate , truncate , black, and m easure 1 4 to 16

by to 9 microns . Th e stipe is white , smooth , hollow,

and in dry weather turb inate , centimeters high , centimeters thick , but when rainy it is as much as 1 6 centimetershigh

,and 6 to 1 5 m i ll imeters thick . Th e base may be Sl ightly

subbulbo se and has a strong radical cord . Th e fungu s growson horse manure . (F ig .

COPR I NUS DE LIQUESC ENS (Bull . ) Fr .

Co p rinus deliquescens has a submembranaceous pileus whichis ovato-campanulate , then expanded , be ing 8 to 1 1 centimetersbroad

,and 4 to 5 centimeters high . It is subrepand , broadly

striate,smooth , with a top studded with innate papillae . Th e

stem is hollow, corticate , smooth , and 1 1 centimeters long, 4to 8 m i l l imeters thick , at length remote , and l inear . Th e sporesare lurid black and 12 by 8 microns . This species grows on Old

stumps .

COPR I NUS FLOS-LA CTUS Graff .

‘

Co p rinus flo s- lactus grows solitary to gregarious . The pileusis hemispheric , with ag e becoming flatly expanded. It ist o 4

‘

centimeters in diam eter, a l ight creamy brown and rem

nants of a universal vei l remain as a few scattered flo cco seScales . It is sulcate with th e margin entire at first, but latersplitting . While young th e cap is crisp and brittle , crumbl ing

1 Graft", Paul Philipp ine Basidio mycet‘es, II. The Philip p ine J o urnalo f Science , Sectio n C , Vo l. 9 ( 191 4 ) p ages 235— 254 .

EDIBLE FUNGI 119


on be ing handled, and on becoming mature tends more towarddrying up than del iquescing . Th e lamellae are pale-gray at

first, but later change through grayish-brown to dark brown ishblack . The darkening begins first at the margin of th e pileusand Slowly advances toward th e center. The edges of th e gillsusually remain conspicuous ly white even at maturity. They

are Sl ightly adherent to th e stipe at first, and then become freeafter the pileus has become expanded. It is 3 millimetersbroad at th e broadest part, and somewhat obtuse at e ither end.

The stipe is cylindrical and of an equal diameter throughout,being to centimeters long, and 3 to 4 millimetersthick . It is shining white , hollow,

fibrillo se,with an unthick

ened base . The spores are ovoid to pyriform, very dark brownat maturity, smooth , to by to microns , andare vacuolate usually with a s ingle vacuole . The bas idia are

clavate, 9 by 23 microns , and the sterigmata are 4 micronslong . Th e fungus grows on burned over ground.

COPR INUS ORNA TUS Co pel .Co prinus o rnatus is characterized by having a pileus which

is campanulate to broadly conical , obtuse , 1 2 mill imeters wideand sulcate . Th e disk is tawny, ornate ly beset with darkbrown granules . The pe riphery is smooth or pulverulent,changing from white or tawny to b lack . Th e gills are 7 millimeters long , millimeters deep , and have no cystidia . Th e

spores are black and 10 by 7 microns . Th e stipe is straight,centimeters or less high , and 1 millimeter thick . It is equal

or Sl ightly contracted upward , smooth, white or hyaline , with aferrug inous base , and is scarcely hollow . It is odorless andhas a fair flavor . The fungus grows on rotted woo d of variouskinds .

COPR IN U S PL I CA T ILIS (Curt . ) Fr .

Co prinus p licatilis has a pileus that is very thin , oval , cylindrical at first, then expanded, and 1 to centimeters broad .

The cap has a tendency towards splitting and is sulcate-plicate,somewhat smooth, with a broad disc which finally is depressed .

Th e stem is equal , smooth , white , and 2 to 8 centim eters long.

The gills are adnate to a distinct collar, and are distant, and

grayish black . Th e spores are 12 to 14 by 8 to 1 0 microns.

This species develops in pastures and on horse dung.

COPR INUS PSE U DO-PLICATUS Co pe l.

Co prinus p seudo—p licatus has a pileus which is early flattened

out, about 3 centimeters wide , be ing thin , at first scaly, and

becoming black because of its thinness . It is deeply split down


COPR I NUS VOLUTUS C o p el.

Co prinus uo lu tus is characterized by having a pileus from1 to centim eters wide , be ing thin , naked, early explanateand later revolute or involute . It turns gray to black and th e

flat disk is ferrug inous and warty . Th e gills are free , but veryclose and at first obtuse at both ends , soon splitting from th e top

of th e pileus , but not from th e margin . Th e spores are black ,narrowly ovate and 12 to 1 3 by microns . Th e stipe is ‘

4

centim eters high, 1 to mill imeters thick , sl ightly attenuatedupward, and is white , naked , and hollow . Th e fungus grows onrotted leaves .

Co p rinu s fim briatus B . et Br . , Co p rinus frieszi Quelet . (F ig .

1 0 ) and Co p rinus u cbu lo sus Zoll , may also be found. Th e firsttwo are commonly found growing on decaying Co co s nucifera

Linn . trunks .

Gen u s PA NA EOLUS

Gills not del iquescing , not waxy , united above to th e hym eno

phore . Cap fleshy, not striate , with variegated gills exceedingth e m argin . Spores globose to el l iptic . Stipe not annulate .

Th e descriptions given have been primari ly taken from thoseby Copeland.

PA NA EOLUS PA NA IENSE Co pel .

Panaeo lus panaiense has a pileus which is 7 centimeters orless wide , conical , tawny, and fleshy . Th e surface is flo cculo sewhen dry and like blotting paper when wet . It has a fugaciousveil . Th e gills are deep , adnate , and ashy gray . The sporesare el l iptical , 7 .5 to 9 by to microns , and appendiculate .

Th e stipe is 1 2 centimeters or less high , 1 centimeter thick ,be ing equal

,sol id, and brittle . This species grows on horse

manure .

PA NA EOLUS PS EUDOPA PILIONA C EUS C o p el.

Panaeo lus p sedo papi lio uaceus has a p ileus to 3 centimeters wide , hemispherical , without umbo, whitish , not zonate ,dry,

naked, and subfleshy . Its gills are narrowly adnate .

Th e stipe changes from nearly white to black and is 6 to 1 0centimeters high , to 3 millimeters thick in th e middle andthicker toward both ends . It is white , powdery at th e top , firm ,

with a narrow axial canal . Th e Spores are to 8 by 5 to 6microns . Th is species grows on manured ground .

Cop elan d, Edwin Bingham . I I . New sp ecies o f edible Phi lipp in e fungi .Departm ent o f In terio r, Bureau o f Go vernm en t Labo rato ries Publicatio nNO. 28, pages 1 4 1— 1 46 , July, 1905 .

EDIBLE FUNGI 123


Panaeo lus p ap ilio uaceus (Fr . ) Craft and Panaeo lus uelu ticep s

Cooke et Mass . are other edible Species . (F ig . 1 1 )

Genu s LENT I NUS

P i leus fleshy, coriaceus , tough ; when o ld, hard and dry .

Stem hard and often obsolete ,when present continuous with

hymenophore . Gills tough , Simple , unequal , thin , edge acute,generally toothed ; trama none .

Th e Lentinus group of fung i are commonly eaten by the

F il ip inos . In general these fungi are rather tough and lack ingin flavor, but a number are more or less tender and are rather

highly prized .

LENT I NUS EX ILIS KLOTZ .

Len tinus exilis is the best of th e edible types . It grows onputrescent wood and frequently on decaying bamboo roots and

culms . The fungus has been cultivated on the dead roots andstem of Bam busa sp in o sa Roxb . (Bam busa blum eaua Schultes . )

(F ig . In this picture Len tinus exilis,from first observa

tion,resembles a Pleuro tus

,but this is due to th e fungus growing

from o ne side of the bamboo . Other specim ens in th e samegroup have a distinct stalk and a funne l-shaped pileus . Itis a large white form .

The pileus is papyraceous , rigid, infundibuliform,regular,

and even . It is a radiately striate under a lens , pall id tawny,7 to 10 centimeters broad. Th e stem is very short, smooth, 1 2to 20 millimeters long, and girt by th e vestiges of a ring . Th e

gi l ls are crowded, very decurrent in lines, nearly equal , tawny,and not torn .

Bes ides this species the following are eaten , but are rather

hard and tough : Len tinus co nnatus Berk . , Lentinus leuco chro us

Lev . ,and Lentinus squarro su lus Mont . (F ig.

Genus MA RA SM I US

Fungi tough , dry, shrivell ing, but not putrescent, and re

viv ing when moistened. Hymenophore continuous with the stem,

but homogeneous , desc ending into the trama . The ve i l isabsent . Stem cartilaginous or horny . Gi lls tough , ratherdistant, and with acute edges . The fungi dry up instead ofdecaying when Old.

Some forms of Marasm ius may be eaten . None are danger

ous , but most are too small and tough . Marasm ius equicriuis

Muel l . and Marasm ius p ilo b us Kalch . are two small forms , notedible , that grow on dead wood. Marasm ius cap illip es Sao e .

has been found growing on decaying Streblus asp er Lour.


Other species of Marasm ius found, but which are too smallto be edible , are Marasm ius crump cus Mass , Marasm ius pa

to uillardi Sacc . et Syd , and Marasm ius siccus Schw

Genus CORT INA R IUS

The Spores are rusty-ochre , resembl ing in color perox ide o r

iron . A ve il is universal , l ike a cobweb , distinct from'

the

cuticle of the pileus , of a different texture to th e pileus , and

cons isting of arachnoid threads . A Similar ve il is found inA garicus , but it is there eith er partial , or continuous with th ecuticle of th e pileus . Th e stem is superfi cial and confluentwith the hymenophore . Th e gills are adnate , membranaceous ,persistent, cinnamon-colored and powdery . The tram a isflo cco se .

Various species of Co rtinarius found in th e Phil ippinesare edib le .

Genus VOLVA R IA

F leshy, gills free , at first white,and later pink ; spores el

lip so id, smooth and pink . A nnulus none ; volva present . It iseas i ly distinguished from all other p ink spored genera by th evolva . The chief characte ristics are that the bottom Of th e

stipe of th e mature fungus is bo rne in a cup or volva and thatno ring or annulus is present .

VOLVA R I A ESCULENTA Bres .

Vo lvaria escu len ta is the most important and common edibleSpecies of the A garicaceae found in th e Phil ippines . It growswel l on the decaying stems of abaka and banana , on rice straw,

and other waste organic m atter . Th e mature fungus is eas ilyrecognized by having pale , pinkish gills and a distinct volva orcup at th e bottom of the s tipe . No annulus or ring is presenton the stem (F igs . 14 and A complete description Of th e

species is as follows .

Pileus fleshy, nearly p lan e o r slightly ra ised into an umbo , beco m ing

bro adly co nvex when o ld, slightly fragile , buckth o rn brown , bearing fine ,

hair-like scales, flesh white , turn ing brown when dried ; lam ellae thin ,free ,

white , be co m ing brown after six ho urs exp o sure to light ; stipe tap ering

o r slightly n arrowed towards th e.

to p ,wh itefbe com ing p ale brown when o ld,

so lid and fleshy ; vo lva m umm y brown . No part o f the vo lva rem ain s o n

th e to p o f th e p ileu s in th e fo rm o f scale s ; annulu s absen t ; Spo re print

pale brown ; sp o res o vate , alm o st white , size 1 0 x 5 m icro n s .

Pileu s 5— 1 2 cm . bro ad ; stipe 5— 1 3 cm . lo ng ; cm . thick ; averagewe ight o f each m ushro om 25 gm .

Vo lvaria escubeuta is highly prized by all th e F il ipinos and iscollected during th e proper season of growth . It is also culti

vated in th e abaka and th e rice regions of th e Islands on th e de

EDIBLE FUNGI 12 7


FIGURE VOLVAR IA ESCULENTA . SLIGHTLY REDUCED.

130 MINOR PRODUCTS O-F PH ILIPPINE FORESTS

caying hemp and rice trash . Vicenc io ,* who carried out prel iminary studies on m ushroom culture in th e Philippines , givesthe following as th e local methods of culture .

There are fo ur m etho ds o f growing mu shro om s in Pam panga ; nam elyth e rice -wash m etho d, co mm o n salt m eth o d, bagasse m eth o d and banana

m eth o d. Th e first tw o m etho ds co n sist in p iling cho pped rice straw in

a favo rable p lace , u sually under bam bo o tree s . Th e rice straw m u st be

ten inches thick ab o ve the surface o f th e gro und afte r being tram p ed by

the feet . Tho se two are th e sam e in all resp ects excep t that th e so lutio n s

u sed fo r keep ing them m o ist are differen t ; fo r exam p le , in th e rice-washmeth o d, th e so lutio n u sed is th e wa shing s from th e rice befo re co o king .

This liqu id lo o ks m ilky and c o n tain s wate r and starch . Fo r th e comm o n

salt m eth o d, th e liqu id is a weak brine , a so lutio n co n tain ing o ne sp o o nfu l

o f salt to every e ight liters o f water . Th e bagasse m eth o d co n sists in

p iling to gether fin e pieces o f sugar-cane bagasse and heavily watering with

sugar can e ju ice scum at least daily fo r o n e m o nth,afterwards keep ing

th e bed m o ist with water . Th e banan a m eth o d co n sists o f p iling cho ppedbanana trunk s, stump s and leaves t o a thickness o f abo ut o ne fo o t and

a half o r som etim es m o re . It is said by th e natives that th e th icker it is th ebetter . A s in th e o ther cases , it sho uld be watered t o keep it m o ist .

In all parts o f these m etho ds, it is im p o rtan t to n o te that n o p revio usSp awn ing is to be do n e in th e bed. Th e gro wers have o n ly to attend to th e

preparatio n o f th e bed, its care and th e gathering o f th e m ushro om s .

Vo lvaria escu leuta has an excellent flavor and a strong, pleasant , rice-straw Odor . It will dry down wel l and can be keptin this condition for a long period (F ig . Its Odor and

flavor is not lost in drying . These mushrooms can be successfully cultivated in th e Philippines and this industry could bedeve loped to such an extent that it would be unnecessary to import from China and Japan .

Vo lvaria p ruino sa Graff . grows on sandy beaches near saltwater .

Genu s A GA R I CUSSpores of various colors ; gills membranaceous , pers istent,

with an acute edge ; trama flo cco se , confluent with . th e inferior

hymenium . F leshy fungi, putrifying, and not reviv ing when

once dried , hence differing from such genera as are del iquescent,coriaceous , or woo dy . The g en eral characters are the colorof spores and th e presence of a ring on the stipe and no cup orvolva at the base of th e stem .

Th e genus is divided into five series according to the colorof th e Spores . Species of A garicus are found throughout the

world and they comprise th e chief edib le mushrooms of commerce .

Vicen cio ,A rsen io Santo s . A study o f m ushro o m cu lture in the Phi l

ipp ines . Th e Ph ilipp ine A g ricu lturist and F o rester, Vo l. 5 pages

1 1 9— 1 28 .

EDIBLE FUNGI 131

F IGURE 1 6 . VOLVAR IA ESCULENTA . DR IED SPEC IMEN. SL IGHTLY REDUCED.


Th e descriptions of th e various species have been taken prim arily from those by

A GA R I CUS A RGYROST ECTUS Co p el.

A garicus argyro s tectus is recognized by a pileus centimeters wide pass ing from conical to convex-plane and bybeing shiny white

,always naked

, subfieshy, with unchanginggray flesh . It is without odor and has an agreeable taste .

The gills are 3 mill im eters deep,free

,obtuse at both ends ,

gray at first, but later turning dark . Th e spores are to

6 by 4 to microns and without guttules . Th e stipe is 3 to 4centimeters high , 4 to 3 millim eters thick

,firm ly attached to

th e pileus , terete , scarce ly enlarged downward,and solid or

nearly so . The annulus is membranous , pendent, and early

breaking up and disappearing . Th e fungus is not common ,growing in sunny pastures , and described from Davao .

AGA R I C U S BOLTONI C o pe l.

A garicus bo lto n i has a pileus 10 to 1 5 centim eters wi de ,pass ing from globose through cylindrical and conical to moreor less plane . It is c lothed with brown scales , which are

denser and larger toward the disk . Th e disk is fissured,

plane , or subumbonate . It is fleshly,white

,wel l flavored, and

about odorless . Th e gills are numerous , crowded, free , 6

millimeters deep,white when young and ultimately dark brown .

The spores have short basal appendages and are 8 to 9 by 5 to 6microns . The stipe is 18 to 16 centimeters high , stout with globose base, and becom ing hollow with age . The annulus is fixed,am ple , persistent, decl ined, and subentire . Th e species is common in sunny pastures in Davao . (Fig . 17

A GA R I CUS LUZONENS IS Graff.

Th e fungi of this sp ecies j'

are solitary and have a sl ightodor . Th e pileus is fleshy, co nvex to expanded, clothed completely, except for th e solid red-brown center, with del icate red

brown fibrils, th e outer two-thirds show ing th e white flesh of the

cap between . It is soft,smooth

,with a thin margin

,7 to 9

centimeters in diameter . Th e flesh is white,5 millimeters thick .

The margin usually has remnants of th e membranaceous ve ilattached. Th e stipe varies in diameter from 9 millimeters just

Co peland, Edwin Bingham . I I . New sp ecie s o f edible Philipp ine fungi .Departm en t o f Interio r, Bureau o f Go vernm ent Lab o rat o ries Publica tio nNo . 28 , pages 1 4 1— 1 46, July, 1905 .

TGraff, Pau l 0 . Philipp ine Basidio m ycetes , I I . Philipp ine J o urnal o f

Science . Sectio n C, Vo l. 9 pages 235— 254 .


above th e Sl ightly swollen base to 6 m il l imeters at the insertioninto the pileus . It is long, solid, fibrous throughout

,white to

light brown , and smooth except above the annulus , where it isSl ightly flo cculent. The annulus is wel l up on th e stipe and ismembranaceous and persistent . Th e lamellae are white , butappear very dark at maturity of the fungus because of thecolor of th e ripe spores . Th e lamellae are 6 mill imeters broad,both ends obtuse with th e margins minute ly notched and showingth e white color of th e gills even at maturity . The bas idia are

club-shaped, by 19 microns . Th e spores are dark brown,

small, e ll iptic, to 3 by 5 to microns , Often uniguttulate .

AGA R I C U S MA NILENS IS Co p el .

A garicus,

mauilens is has a convex, smooth, aquamulo se pileuswith a disk that is flat and dark brown . It is subfleshy and

becomes white toward the m argin , where the scales are sparse .

Th e gills are free and rounde d toward th e stipe , turning fromrose to dark brown . Th e spores are about by 4 microns,are obtuse and obl ique at the base . The stipe is 5 centimetershigh , centimeters thick, equal , naked , smooth , and hardlysolid . Th e annulus is fixed, entire , and convex upward . The

fungus grows in lawns .

A GA R ICUS MER R ILL‘

II C o pel .

A garicus m errillii is a large spec ies , sometime s 10 centimetershigh and wide ,

almost without taste or odor, th e pileus is nakedor scaly, turning from white to brown , shining, subfleshy, and

truncate or with concave apex when young . Sometimes umbonate in th e middle of th e depress ion , when old it is plane ,with a horizontal , entire

,or incised border, 1 to 2 millimeters

broad,derived from th e ve il . It has about 250 g i lls that are

crowded, 5 millimeters de ep , subacute at th e margin , salmoncolored when the ve i l ruptures , finally turn ing black brown .

The Spores are minute , uninucleate, 6 by microns . The

ve i l ruptures late . The annulus is high up , white on bo th s ides ,flo cco se without , v ery lacerate and pendent . Th e stipe is somewhat contracted toward th e top , abruptly enlarged at th e base ,sol id or nearly so

,and whitish or turning brown outs ide and

ins ide . This species g rows terrestrial under trees . (F ig.

A GA R ICUS PER FUSCUS Co p el .

A garicus p erfus cus is characterized by th e entire fungusbe ing brown

,darkening with age , o dorless and with a good

taste . The pileus is early expanded , 3 to 4 c entimeters wide,undulate , squamulose , subfleshy,

with disk Sl ightly depressed ,

EDIBLE FUNGI 135


and th e m argin strong ly but dec iduously appendaged . Th e

gills are free , close, obtuse at both ends , and 4 m i ll im eters deep .

Th e spores are e ll iptical , 6 to by microns , and obscurely1 or 2 guttulate . The stipe is 3 to 4 centimeters high , and 3 to4 millimeters thick , also equal , firm , naked,

and subh o llow . The

annulus is high up and fugacious . This species grows on manured g round.

A garics growing on th e lawn frequently produce Fairy R ings

(F ig .

Genus PLE U ROT USE dge of the gills entire

,not canal iculate or split . Fleshy,

putrescent, not reviving when wet . Trama of th e pileus notves iculose ; spores typ ically smooth , gills more or less fleshy ,readi ly separab le into two layers . Stipe excentric or none .

The general characters of Pleuro tus are that it grows l ikea shelf fungu s with a stalk from o ne s ide , instead of a centraltypical stalk as with other mushrooms . A ll spec ies are edible .

PLEUROTUS OST R EA TUS Jacq .

This is o ne of th e most sought for form s . (F ig . Itvaries in Shape according to where it is growing, either on thes ide or on top of a log . In some cases th e plant may have adefinite lateral stem , but frequently no stem is produced . Th e

cap is white to gray and varies from 4 to 2 0 centimeters broad .

It is soft and fleshy, be ing thicker towards th e place of attachment . Th e gills are broad and white

,not crowded and de

current if a stem is present . Th e spores are white , or a pale

purple . Th e stem if present is short , white , and without ringor volva .

Pleuro tus u o ctiluceus (Lév . ) Sacc . grows on dead wood, andPleuro tus striatu lus Fries , has be en found growing on deadparts of Ureua lo bata Linn . var . sinuata (Linn . ) Gagnepain .

Th e latter fungi are rather small . Pleuro tus app licatus Fr . var .

cytidia tus Pat . may also be found on dead wood.

Genus COLLY B I AP i leus between fleshy and tough , at length rather leathery ,

sulcate , or corrugated ; marg in at first involute . Stem somewhat cartilagino us

,mycel ium flo cco se, sometimes not manifest.

Th e fung i of this genus are commonly found g rowing fromtermite nests .

COLLY B I A A LBUM I NOSA ( Berk . ) Petch .

Co llybia album in o sa is th e common form of A garic that growsfrom termite nests . It is found throughout th e tropics (F igs .

20 and


Genu s TR I CHOLOMA

E dge of th e g ills entire,not canaliculate or split . F leshy,

putrescent, not reviving when wet . E dge of gills acute , not foldlike . Trama of th e pileus not dehisc ing ; spores typ icaly smooth .

Gil ls more or less fle shy, readily separable into two layers .

Stipe central or nearly so . Hymenophore homogeneous andconfluent w ith the fleshy or fibrous elastic stipe . Stipe not

annulate or volvate . Gills adnate or s inuate , not decurrent,stout and fleshy ; stipe and pileus of th e same substance .

Trich o loma tenuis Graff grows in lawns .

Genus LEPlOTA

Fleshy putrescent, not reviving when wet. E dge of gillsacute, not fold-l ike . Trama of th e pileus not ves iculose ; sporestypically smooth . Gills more or less fleshy, readily separatedinto two layers . Stipe central or nearly so , not volvate , but annulate . Hymenophore discrete from th e fleshy stipe .

Th e general characters are th e presence of a ring or annulusand th e absence of a cup or volva on the stipe . Some speciesare edible , but others are poisonous , being espec ially tox ic to certain people . Lep io ta ch lo ro sp o ra has been reported as an ediblespecies . This form , however, is extreme ly poisonous to certainindividuals and consequently should always be avoided . It caneas ily be recognized in th e mature stage , by th e greenish gills(F ig .

The descriptions of the spec ies have been primarily taken fromthose by Cope land .

LEP I OTA CA NDIDA Co pel.

Lep io ta candida has no odor and a mild taste . Th e pileusis 7 centimeters wide , fiat, strongly umbonate , dry , shining, andalmost naked . Th e disk is fleshy, th e margin

'

th in , substriate ,minutely crenate , and the flesh is unchanging . Th e gills are

free, close , very crowded , lanceolate , subacute at both ends , thin ,and white . The spores are by 6 microns , hyaline, guttulate ,and apiculate . The stipe is 1 5 centimeters high, 5 millimetersthick near th e top , with a narrow axial hollow, much enlarged ,but not bulbous in the sol id lower part . It is naked, shiningwhite

,deeply sunken into the disk, but not confluent with it . Th e

annulus is high up and deciduous . It is wel l characterized byth e strongly fus iform lower third of th e stipe . Th e fungusgrows sol itary in sunny grass plots .

EDIBLE FUNGI 139

FIGURE 2 0 . COLLYB IA ALBUMINOSA (TERMITE FUNGUS ) . X


LEP I OTA CHLOROSPORA Co pel. (Po iso n o us ) .

Lep io ta ch lo ro sp o ra has a fleshy pileus , pass ing from globosethrough campanulate to broadly conical . It is 8 centimeterswide and 4 centimeters high , with th e periphery sometimes explanate . The disk is brown , with an entire or fissured cap . Th e

periphery is sparsely clothed with pale brown scales and fibers .

It is white near th e entire or subciliate m argin . Th e g i llsare free , remote , 5 centimeters long, 8 millimeters deep , andare crowded, narrowed toward th e stipe , white at first , turning agreenish blue . The ir edg es are made of hyal ine ves icles , 2 5 to35 by 20 microns . Th e spores are hyaline-g reen , 8 by 5 microns ,smooth, short stalked , each with a s ingle large globule containingthe green pigment . Th e stipe is 8 to 10 centimeters high and 6

to 8 millimeters thick . It is straight or crooked, knotted , firmly

attached to the pileus , and brown outs ide and ins i de , with a white

pith . Th e annulus is 1 centimeter broad, conspicuous , fixed,

pers istent, Split in its own plane, and white above until discoloredby th e spores . Th e fungus grows in lawns .

This species is poisonous to th e maj ority of people . It canbe readily told by th e green gills of th e mature form s (F ig .

LEPIOTA E LA TA Co pel.

Lep io ta elata has a mild Odor and taste . Th e pileus is comcal at first, but soon flattens . It is 4 to 6 centim eters wide , umbonate , fleshy, s i lky-squamulose about th e disk , elsewhere naked .

The marg in is substriate, broadly reflexed when o ld. Th e diskis brownish with white periphery, but turning dark red. Th e

gills also turn from white to dark wine colored . They are free ,close , crowded, and ventricose . Th e spores are hyaline , symm e

trical, from 9 to 10 by 5 to 6 microns . Th e stipe is 5 to 8 centimeters high and 5 mill im eters thick at th e middle , somewhatthickened downward, but not bulbous , and is naked, with an ax ialcanal . Th e ring is attached midway , and is free , convex , narrow,

entire , brown , fugacious , and sometim es attached to th e marginof th e pileus . Th e fungus grows in manured lawns .

LE P I OTA FUSCO -SQUA MEA Peck . (Leuio ta m anilens is Co vel. )Lep io ta fusco -squam ea has an excel lent flavor and almost no

Odor . Th e pileus is 5 to 9 centimeters wide , campanulate-conical ,later flat, subumbonate , and stri ate near th e margin . Th e diskis densely clothed with minute brown scales which become sparsetoward th e margin . Th e flesh is whitish and unchanging . Th e

g ills are free , not attached to a collar, crowded , deep , whitish ,


and subacute at both ends . Th e spore s are variab le , com

mo nly 1 0 by 7 microns . Th e largest are 1 3 to 15 by to

9 microns and hyaline . Th e stipe is 10 centimeters or less high ,

1 centimeter thick, firm , equal or somewhat thickened downward,with an axial canal . It is white or pale bro wn , and naked.

Th e ring is movable, or half fixed , entire , with a dark'

brown mar

gin . The fungus has been observed growing around Pith eco lobium and Term inalia .

Lep io ta cepaestip es (Sow . ) Quel . , Lep io ta pulcherrima Graff,Lep io ta rev elata B . et Br . , and Lep io ta su lp h o p euita Graff are

other edible species . They have th e general external charactersof the other described forms .

Family LYCOPERDA CEAE

Genus LYCOPE RDON

Peridium membranaceous , Single, th e subp ersistent cortexbecoming broken up into warts or spines , dehiscing by a small

apical mouth, or the whole of th e upper part evanescent, cap illitium dense, springing from th e more or less developed sterilebasal stratum ; spores globose or e l l iptical , externally rough orsmooth .

The Lyco p erdo ns are commonly called puff balls . A ll speciesare non-poisonous , but some are unsavory .

LYCOPERDON LILAC INUM (M o nt . et Berk . ) Speg .

Lyco p erdo n lilacinum is broadly obovate or turb inate , 5

to 1 0 centimeters high, 5 to 8 centimeters broad (F ig . Itis contracted below into a stout, cel lular, stem-l ike base . The

peridium is thin and evanescent above , dehiscing by large i rregular Opening . Th e cortex is white , polished, and breakingaway in papery patches . The threads are thinner than the diameter o f th e spores . Th e spores are violet with a tinge of

ochre , echinulate , globose , and measure 6 microns . The fungusgrows on th e ground and is th e largest edible form .

LYCOPERDON PUS I LLUM Batsch . (Lyco p erdo n to dayeus e Co p el. )Lyco p erdo n p asillu-m has a peridium that is obovate, or

pyriform , 1 to 2 centimeters in height, and 1 to centimetersin thickness . It is plicate at th e base , entire above , and clothedwhen young with deciduous warts or flakes which are hyaline

when moist, late r fine ly and obscure ly areolate . They are white

at first, turn ing yellow , and opening by a small aperture at th etop . Th e fert ile gleba is very distinct from th e steri le . The

base is ce llular . Th e Spores are globose , smooth , to 4 mi

EDIBLE FUNGI 143

FIGURE 2 3 . LYCOPERDON LILACINUM (GIANT PUFF BALL) . SPEC IMEN.

REDUCED.

FIGURE 2 4 . SCLERODERMA VERRUCOSUM ( PUFF BALL) . NATURAL S IZE.


cro ns in diameter . Th e capillitium is rudimentary , irregular andthick . Th e fungus grows in tufts about th e base of a Musa and

is rather small for eating .

LYCOPE RDON PYR I FORME Schaef’f.Lyco p erdo n p yrifo rm e is pyriform,

m em branous , 3 to 8 centimeters high , and rather umbonate . It is dehiscent by a small ,torn mouth covered with minute pointed warts , but becomingsm ooth . Th e roots are composed of numerous white , long,branching fibers . Th e threads are thicker than th e spores ,branched, continuous with th e s l ightly ce llular, Sterile base , andforming a colum el la . The spores are olive , smooth , globose , and

4 microns in diameter . This puff ball grows on stumps or onth e soil and is o ne of the larger forms .

Lyco p erdo n cep ifo rm e Bull . , Lyco p erdo n furfuraceum Schaeff.,

Lyco p erdo n p o lym o rp hum Vitt . , Lyco p erdo n p iicatum Berk . et

Curt ,Lyco p erdo n pratense Schum . , Lyco zaerdo u ro seum Zoll . ,

and Lyco p erdo n van-derystii Bres . are other forms which are

edible , but which are usually small .

Genu s SCLERODERMA

Peridium firm , corticate , dehiscing irregularly ; flo cci adheringeverywhere to th e peridium and forming minute cells, in whichare produced th e glomerules of spores , without peridiola ; rooting

,but without a distinct stem .

SCLE RODE RMA V E R R UCOSUM Bu ll.

The peridium of Sclero derma v erruco sum is rounded , at firstrigid , and then fragile . It is dehiscent determinate ly at theapex

,covered with an adnate pers istent cortex, and is smooth,

rather verrucose, areolate , or even , and a dingy ye llowish . It isusually produced downwards into a short stipitiform base , or

it is sometimes sess i le . Th e gleba is dark purple , and the flo cciare lax and a g reyish tawny . The spores are at first brownish ,then pale purplish

,globose, and rough .

Sclero derma verruco sum is o ne of th e common puff bulls growing in abundance on th e soil (fig .

Sclero derm a aurantiacum Pers . , Sclero derma dictyo sp o rum

Pat . , and Sclero derm a vu lgare Fr. are other puff balls that maybe found growing on th e soil .

PRECA UTIONARY MEASURESThe edible fungi are not confined to o ne general group , but

range from low forms, the A uricu lariaceae

,to th e higher

forms in the A garicaceae and Lyco p erdaceae . These g roupsinclude th e taii

’

i‘

g’

aug -daga or rat’s-ear types , th e pore fungi ,


th e g ill fung i , and th e puff balls . Practically all taii’i‘

gaugdaga or rat

’s-ear types are edible and a large maj ority of th e

pore fungi and gill fungi can be eaten with safety . The puff

balls can all be safe ly eaten . Som e of these forms while n o t

poisonous can not be used as an art icle of diet on account ofa lack in flavor and a tough texture .

Since a few mushrooms are poisonous , the only safe way to useparticular forms as food is to becom e acquainted with th e

individual species of fungi that can be used as an article of diet .

While a large number of th e edible forms have been describedand pictured in th e preceding pages , a few practical methods ofdeterm ining whether or not th e fungi are poisonous may not beout of place . Th e phys iological test is advocated for personswho are will ing to practice upon themse lves . This test cons istsin first tasting a small piece Of th e fungus without swallowingany of th e juice . If after o ne-half of an hour no discomfort isnoticed

,a larger piece , th e s ize of a small p ea ,

may be chewed upand swallowed . If no poisoning Sym ptoms arise after o ne-half

hour th e fungus may be regarded as edible . A ll fungi that have

a disagreeable flavor would naturally be discarded in this test ,even though they were not poisonous . Besides th e phys iologicaltest , a num ber of other rules should not be neg lected by beginners .

The structure and spore color of the g ill mushrooms is oftenan indication of thei r edib il ity . These mushrooms all have a capand stem . Some species may have a volva which is a m em

brano us env elop or sac at the base of th e stem ; while otherspecies may have an annulus .Or ring about the stem just belowth e cap . Th e color of th e gills in mature mushroom s dependsupon th e color of th e spores . Various colors such as whiteye llow , brown , purpl ish , dark brown , or b lack m ay be found.

There are mushroom s which have a cup at th e base and a ringon the stem . Fungi having white spores , indicated by whitegills

,and both a cup at th e base and a ring about th e stem should

be discarded as poisonous . Mushroom s with black spores orgills are generally edible . They frequently have a ring around

th e stem, but no Cup at th e base as is true Of th e agarics . Th e

Vo lvaria edible forms described have pinkish Spores and gills ,no ring about th e stem , but a distinct cup or volva at base ofth e stem . Other precautionary measures that should be observedby beginners are the following :A void fungi when in th e button or unexpanded stage .

A void those in which th e flesh has begun to decay, even if onlysl ightly .

EDIBLE FUNGI 147

A void those forms which have white spores or gills as wel las a ring and cup on th e stem.

A void fungi in which the cap , or pileus , is thin in proportionto th e gills , and in which th e gills are nearly all

"

of equal length ,especially if th e pileus is brightly colored.

A void fungi having a m ilky j uice , unless th e milk is reddish .

A void all tube bearing fung i in which th e flesh changes colorwhen o ut or broken or when th e mouths of th e tubes are reddish ,and in the case of other tube bearing fungi experiment withcaution .

Fungi which have a sort of spider web or flo cculent ringaround the upper part of th e stalk should in general be avoided .

USES AND METHODS OF COOKING

Th e A uricu lariaccac are most generally eaten by th e Chinese .

Th e fungi are first soaked in water and when soft they are

thoroughly cleaned in several changes of water . They are then

comm only cooked with rice and nood les . A nother method Of

preparation is , after thorough cleaning, to fry with grease in apan and then to add to meat, Shrimp , rice , and noodles . Fre

quently they are eaten a lone after frying .

Variou s rece ipts for cooking mushrooms are used. Th e gill

fungi and puff balls are best eaten after fry ing or stewing withno seasoning except some grease for frying and pepper and salt .The caps of th e agarics should be careful ly washed . Peel ing isunnecessary . Th e stems , unless too tough , should be cooked upspec ially in th e fo rm of stews J The mushroom s should be

prepared as soon as poss ible after p icking . Th e time required

for stewing varies from 5 to 40 minutes according to the varietyand tenderness .

Mushrooms may be canned i n glass jars , after thorough boiling . They may also be preserved by drying in the sun or inan oven . A fter all moisture has been removed, th ey shouldbe packed in perfectly tight containers . Th e A uricu lariaceae

are generally collected in th e fresh state and then dried in th e

sun . They remain in perfect condition indefinitely when placedin proper containers . A fter a prel iminary soaking in water,during which they assume the ir normal fresh state , they may becooked as if fresh . Th e common commercial mushroom , Vo lvaria

escu len ta 'may be dried successfully in th e sun and then

stored in a perfectly tight vessel (F ig . Before cooking,

these forms should first be soaked in water and then cooked asif fresh . Little flavor seems to be lost by this species in drying.

MEDICINAL USES OF PHILIPPINE PLANTS

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONDESCRIPTION OF SPECIES

A lgae

Gracillaria lichen o ides (gu lam an )Fam ily Po lyp o diaceae

A cro stichum aureum ( lago lo )A dian tum ph ilippen se (kaikai)A sp len ium macro phyllum (p akéng-

gubat )Drynaria quercifo lia ( pakpak-lauin ) .

Oleandra n eriifo rm is (kaliskis-ahas )Onychium silicu lo sum ( pakong -anuang )

Family SchizaeaceaeLyg o dium circinnatum ( n ito )

Fam ily CycadaceaeCycas rum ph ii ( p itog o )

Fam ily TyphaceaeTypha angustifo lia ( cat-tail )

Fam ily PandanaceaeP'

andanus tecto riu s ( co mm o n o r beach p andan )Fam ily Hydro charitaceae

Ottelia alism o ides (kalabéa )Fam ily Gram in eae

A ndro p o g o n acicu latu s ( tin lai )A ndro p o g o n citratus ( tanglad o r lem o n grass )A ndro p o g o n so rghum (batad)A ndro p o g o n zizan io ides (vetiver o r m o ras )Bambusa sp in o sa ( sp inyBambu sa vu lgaris (kawayanCo ix lachrym a-j o bi ( tigbi o r J o b’s tears )Cyno do n dactylo n (bermuda

E leusine indica (palagtiki o r yard grass )Im p erata cylindrica v ar. ko en igii (kég o n )Oryza sativa ( rice )Pan icum stagn inum (uraréi )Paspalum scro biculatum

Sch izo stachyum dielsianum

Zea m ays ( co rn ) .

Fam ily CyperaceaeKyllinga m o no cephala (bu sikad)

Fam ily PalmaeA reca catechu (burTga o r betel palm )A reca hutch inso n iana (p isa )


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES— Co ntinued.

Fam ily Palm ae— C o n tinued.

A renga p innata (kao ng o r sug a r palm )Co co s nucifera ( co co nut palm )Co rypha elata (buri)

Fam ily A raceae

A co rus calamu s ( lubigan o r sweet flag )

A lo casia m acro rrhiza (biga )Am o rpho phallu s campanu latus ( pur

'

i‘

gapun

Cyrto sperm a m erkusii

Hom alom ena philipp inen sis ( tahig )Rhaph ido ph o ra m errillii ( am long )Typh o n ium divaricatum

Fam ily FlagellariaceaeF lag ellaria indica (baling -uai ) .

Fam ily Co mm elinaceae

Comm elina benghalen sis ( sabilan )Fam ily Liliaceae

A llium cepa ( o n io n )A llium sativum (bauang o r garlic )Sanseviera zeylan ica ( sinawa)Sm ilax bracteata ( banag )Sm ilax china (ubi-ubihan )Sm ilax leu co phylla (ham pas-tigbalang )

Fam ily Am aryllidaceaeCrinum asiaticum (bako ng ) .

Curcu lig o o rch io ides .

Eurycles ambo inen sis

Hym eno callis litto rale

Po lianthes tubero sa (azucena o r tubero se )Fam ily Dio sco reaceae

Dio sco rea hisp ida ( nam i )Fam ily Musaceae

Musa erran s var . bo to an (butuhan )Fam ily Zingiberaceae .

A lp in ia pyram idata ( langkauas )Co stu s specio sus

Curcum a lo nga (dilau o r turm eric )Kaempferia galanga (do so l )Kaem pferia ro tunda

Ko lo wratia elegan s ( tagbak )Zing iber zerumbet (barak )

Fam ily CannaceaeCanna indica ( canna )

Fam ily Maran taceae

Do nax cannaefo rm is (bamban )Fam ily Orchidaceae

Geo do rum nutan s .

Fam ily Casuarinaceae

Casuarina equisetifo lia ( agOh o )


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES— Co n tinued.

Fam ily LauraceaeC innam om um m ercado i

Cinn am om um m indanaen se (M indan ao cin am o n )Litsea g lutin o sa ( sablo t )

Fam ily CapparidaceaeCapparis ho rrida (halubagat—bag ing )Capparis m icracantha ( halubagat-kabo i )Crataeva religio sa (balai-lamOk )Gynandro p sis gynandra (m anabo )

Fam ily M o ringaceae

M o ringa o leifera (m alunggai o r ho rse-radish tree )Fam ily Pitto sp o raceaePitto sp o rum pentandrum (m amalis )

Fam ily Legum in o saeAbrus p recato riu s (kan sasaga o r p rayer-bean )

A den anthera interm edia ( tang lin )Bauhin ia malabarica ( alibangbang )Caesalp in ia crista (kalumbibit )Cassia alata ( acapulco )Cassia fistu la ( cafia-fistula )Cass ia m im o so ides (kalanda )

Cass ia o cciden talis ( andadasi)Cassia so ph era ( tambalisa )Cassia to ra

Dalberg ia cum ing iana ( tabid-labi'

Iio )Dalbergi a ferruginea (kamut-kabag )Entada phase o lo ides ( g og o )Euchresta h o rsfieldiiM im o sa pudica (m akah ia )Mucuna n igrican s ( n ipai )Phase o lu s aureu s (balato ng )Po ngam ia p inn ata (ban i)Ptero carpus blanco i (Blanco

’s narra )

So pho ra t om en to sa ( sandalaitan )Fam ily Oxalidaceae

A verrho a bilimbi (kam ias )A verrho a carambo la (balimbing )Bio phytum sen sitivum (m ah ih iyain )

Fam ily R utaceaeChaeto sp erm um glutin o sum ( tabuyo k )Citrus m axim a ( p o m elo o r lukban )Clau sena an isum - o len s (kayum an is )Lun asia am ara ( lunas )Microm elum m inu tum

Murraya p an iculata (kamun ing )T o ddalia asiatica

Zantho xylum avicennae (kan‘

g ai)Zanth o xylum rh etsa

MEDIC INAL USES OF PLANTS


Fam ily Sim arubaceae .

Brucea amarissima

Harriso n ia p erfo rata (m am ikil )Sam adera indica (m anunggal )

Fam ily BurseraceaeCanarium luzo n icum (p ili)Canarium villo sum (pag sah iITg in )Garuga abilo (bégo )

Fam ily Meliaceae

Ch iso ch eto n p entandru s (kato ng -m achin )Dyso xylum decandrum (agaru

'

)Me lia azedarach (p araiso )Sando ricum ko etjape ( santél )Xylo carpu s granatum ( tabigi )

Fam ily Eupho rbiaceaeA calypha indica

A leurites m o luccana ( lumbang )A leurite s trisperm a (bag ilumbéng )Breyn ia rhamno ides (m atang

-hip o n )Cicca acida ( iba )Cro to n tiglium ( cro to n -Oil p lant )Eupho rbia hirta ( gatas-gatas )Eupho rbia n eriifo lia

Eupho rbia thym ifo liaEupho rbia tirucalli ( co n su elda )Exco ecaria agallo cha (buta-buta )Hom o n o ia riparia (m arigag o s )Jatro pha curcas ( tubang -bako d o r p hysic nut )Jatro ph a m ultifida (mana)Macaranga g randifo lia (bin

‘

gabing )Macaranga tan arius (bim irTga )Mallo tus ph ilipp en sis (banato )Man iho t u tilissima (kaméteng-kah o i)Melan o lep is multig landulo sa (alim )Phyllanthus n iruri ( talikud)Phyllanthus reticulatus (m atang -buyud)Ricinu s co mmun is ( tarTgan -tan

‘

gan o r casto r- o il p lant )Fam ily A nacardiaceae

A nacardium o ccidentale (kasui o r cashew nut )Mangifera indica (m ang o )Sem ecarpu s cuneifo rm is ( ligas )Sp o ndias purpurea ( sin iguelas )

Fam ily CelastraceaeCelastru s p an icu lata ( larTg itrTg it )Lo ph o p etalum to xicum ( abuab )

Fam ily H ipp o crateaceaeSalacia p rino ides (matang -ulang )

Fam ily Icacinaceae

Go no caryum calleryanum ( ta in‘

gang-babu i )

155



Fam ily Sap indaceaeCardio sp erm um halicacabum ( Iagup o k )

Do do naea visco sa (kasirag )Gu io a k o elreuteria ( alahan )Harp u llia arbo rea (uas )Lep ido petalum p erro ttetii (dap il )

Fam ily Balsam inaceaeImp atien s balsam ina ( kam antigi )

Fam ily Rhamnaceae

Co lubrin a asiatica (kabatiti )Ventilag o dicho tom a ( salapan )Zizyp hus jujuba (m anzan itas )

Fam ily VitaceaeCissu s quadrangu laris ( sugp on -sugpon )Co lum ella trifo lia ( ariuat )Leca acu leata (m ali

Leea m an illen sis ( amamali )Tetrastigm a h armandii ( ayo )

Fam ily TiliaceaeCo rcho rus acutangulus ( pasau na haba)Co rcho rus cap sularis (pasau na bilog )Co rcho ru s o lito riu s ( pasau o r

Muntingia calabura (datiles )Triumfetta bartram ia (kulo t-ku létan )

Fam ily MalvaceaeA be lm o schus m o schatu s (kastuli)A butilo n indicum (g iling -

g ilirTgan )H ibiscus esculentus ( o kra )H ibiscus m utabilis (mapula)H ibiscus ro sa-sinensis ( gumamela )H ibiscus sabdariffa ( ro selle )Hibiscus tiliaceus (balibag o )Malachra cap itata (bakembakes )Malvastrum co rom andelinum ( salsaluyut )Sida acuta ( takim -baka )Sida

/

co rdifo lia

Sida j avensis ( S. hum ilis ) ( igat-ig e t )Thesp esia p o pulnea (banalo )Urena lo bata (ko llo ko llOt )

Fam ily Bo mbacaceaeB ombax ceiba (malabulak )Ceiba p en tandra ( co tto n tree o r kap o k )

Fam ily Ste rcu liaceae .

A broma fastuo sa ( anabO)Kleinh o v ia h o sp ita ( tan ag )Pentap etes ph o en icea (flo res de las do ce )Ptero cymbium tin cto rium ( ta luto )Ptero sp ermum diversifo lium (bayok )Stercu lia fo etida (kalum p ang )

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

o o o o o o o o o o o o


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES— Co n tinu ed.

Fam ily Ericaceae

Rho do dendro n v idaln

Fam ily Myrsinaceae . .

A rdisia bo issieri ( tan )Fam ily Plumbag inaceae

Plumbag o indica ( p am p arap it )Plumbag o zeylan ica ( sangdikit )

Fam ily Sap o taceaeBassia betis (betis )M im u s o p s p arvifo lia (ban salagin )

Fam ily EbenaceaeDio spyro s eben aste r ( zapOte )Dio spyro s m u ltiflo ra (kanOmOi )

Fam ily Oleaceae

Jasm inum sam bac ( sam pagu ita )Fam ily Lo gan iaceae

Buddle ia asiatica ( taliknOn o )Fag raea co chinchin en sis (urung )Fag raea racem o sa (bu lubuaia )Strychn o s ign atii ( St . Ign atius bean )Strychno s m ultiflo ra (bukuan )

Fam ily Gen tian aceaeCan sco ra diffusa ( Chang -bate)

Fam ily A p o cynaceae

A llam anda cathartica ( cam pan ero )A lsto n ia m acro phylla (batin o )A lsto n ia s ch o laris ( dita) .

Gerbera m an gh as (baraibai )Kibatalia blan co i (pasn it )Lo chn era ro sea ( atai-bia)Nerium indicum (Oleander o r adelfa )Paralsto n ia clusiacea (m alabatin o )Param eria barbata (dugtfin g -ahas )Plum iera acum inata (kalachuch e )Rauw o lfia am so n iaefo lia (m aladita)Tab ernaem o ntana pandacaqu i ( p andakaki ) -. j

Thevetia p eruvian aFamily A sclep iadaceae

A sclep ia s curassav iea (bulak -dam o )Calo tro p is g igan tea

'

(kapal-kapal )Strepto cau lo n baum ii (h ingg iu -n a-

puti )Tylo ph o ra brev ip es (p asuka )Tylo pho ra p erro ttetian a (ku llang em )

Fam ily Co nvo lvu laceaeCalo nyctio n m uricatum

Evo lvu lus alsin o ides

Ip om o ea dig itata (kamkam éte )Ip o m o ea hederaceaIp om o ea p es

-cap rae (katan g -katang )Ip o m o ea p es

-tig ridis ( rarTg ran‘

gau )

MEDIC INAL USES OF PLANTS 159


Fam ily Co nvo lvulaceae— Co n tinued.

Ip om o ea reptan s (kangkong )Merrem ia em arg inata (kup ikup it )Operculina turp ethum

Quam o clit p inn ata ( cyp ress vine o r cabello de angel )Fam ily B o rag inaceae

Co lden ia pro cum bens ( tabtabéko l)Co rdia m yxa (an onang )Ehretia m icro phylla (kalam o ga)Ehretia n avesii ( talibun ég )Helio tro p ium indicum ( iko i-pusa )Ro tula aquatica (buntut-buaia ) .

To u rn efo rtia sarm ento sa ( salsallakapa )Trich o desm a indicum

Trich o desm a zeylan icum (dilan g-u sa)Fam ily Verbenaceae

A vicenn ia o fficinalis ( ap i-ap i )Callicarp a caudata

Callicarpa erio clo na ( palis ) I

Callicarpa fo rm o sana (tim babasi )C lero dendro n bethun eanum (guan tOn )Clero dendro n cum ingianum ( talump apait )C lero dendro n inerm e ( ar

’

fgangri )Clero dendro n interm edium ( larOan -an ito )Clero dendro n m acro steg ium (m alap o tOkan )Cle ro dendro n m inah assae ( aiam -aiam )Cle ro dendro n quadrilo culare (baganak )Lipp ia n o diflo ra ( chachahan )Premna cum ing iana (m anaba)Premna nau seo sa (m u lau in -aso )Prem na o do rata (alagau )Tecto na g randis ( teak )Vitex n egundo ( lagu ndi )Vitex trifo alia v ar . o vata ( lagunding -dagat )

Fam ily LabiataeA n isom eles indica ( taling -harap )Co leu s ambo in icus

Co leus blum e i (m aiana ) .

Hyp tis suaveo len s (bangbang s it )Leucas lavandulifo lia ( pan si-pan si )Men tha arven sis (m int o r yerba buena )Ocimum basilicum (balanOi o r sweet basil)Ocim um san ctum ( sulasi o r h o ly basil )Po g o stem o n cablin (patch o uli o r kablin )Ro sm arinu s o fli cinalis ( ro sem ary o r riom ero )Scutellaria luz o n ica ( sidit )

Fam ily So lanaceaeDatu ra fastuo sa ( talo ng -

puna i n a itim )Datura fastuo sa var. alba ( talong -

punai )N ico tian a tabacum



Fam ily So lanaceae — Co n tinu ed.

So lanum cum ing ii ( talo figtalOrTgan )

So lanum m elo ng ena ( egg p lan t o r taking )

So lanum n igrum .(konti )

Fam ily Scro phu lariaceBaco pa m o nn iera (u lasim an -aso )

Lim n o ph ila indica ( inata )Sc o p aria du lcis (m alaan is )

Fam ily Bign o n iaceaeCrescentia alata (ho ja-cruz )Do lich andro ne spathacea ( tuw i )Oro xylum indicum (p ingkap ingkah an )

Fam ily PedaliaceaeSesam um o rien tale ( sesam e o r lirTga)

Fam ily A canthaceaeA can thus ilicifo lius (diliuariu )Barleria prio n itis (kuko ng -m an ok )

Blechum bro wn ei ( sap in -sap in ) .

Grap to phyllum p ictum ( atai-atai)Justicia gendaru ssa

Justicia p ro cum ben s

Pseuderanth em um pu lchellum ( lim ang -sugat )Rh inacan thus nasuta ( tagak tagak )

Fam ily Plan tag inaceaePlantag o m aj o r ( p lantain )

Fam ily RubiaceaeB o rreria hisp idaGarden ia p seudo p sidium

Hydn o phyt um fo rm icarium

Hym en o dictyo n excelsum (aligarTg o )M o rinda citrifo lia

Mussaenda ph ilipp ica ( tinu luan -

gatas )Nauclea junghuhnii (m ambog )Nauclea o rientalis (bangkal )Olden landia co rymbo saPaederia fo etida

Pavetta indica ( lumbOI-m anuk )Psycho tria luz o n ien sis ( alitakbé )Psycho tria m indo rensis

Rubia co rdifo lia (marTg il)Fam ily Cucurbitaceae

Ben in casa hisp ida (ko ndo l o r waxg o urd)Lagenaria leucantha (up o )Luffa cylindrica ( patola ) .

M om o rdica charan tia

Mom o rdica co chinchinen sis ( tabo g -Ok )Tricho santhes qu inquangu lata (katimbau )

Fam ily Go o den iaceaeScaevo la frutescen s (bo kabo k )

MEDICINAL USES OF PHILIPPINE PLANTS

By LEON MARIA GUERRERO *

INTRODUCTION

These notes are th e result of several years of investigationinto th e use made by th e natives , for medic inal purposes , ofcertain plants be longing to the rich Philippine flora , as wellas of those of other, fore ign spec ies introduced into this countryin a prehisto ric period and s ince .

Th e l ist of such plants seems unnecessarily long ; nevertheless, it does not include all of th e species in th e l ist of Philippinemedicinal plants . Many already recorded have been purposelyomitted, as the i r inclus ion here would occupy too much space .

Though it is a long o ne, it covers only investigations conductedamong th e Christianized natives, segregated in towns or villages ,wh o have for some time enj oyed th e advantages of modernciv i l ization and culture . S imilar investigations wi l l be carriedo n later among the scattered tribes l iving in th e forested mountains in various regions of th e A rchipelago .

The Phil ippine flora comprises not only an astonishinglylarge number of timber and other usefu l species , but also a no

less astonishing wealth of medic inal p lants , the great therapeutie poss ib i l ities of which wi l l become apparent once em p iri

cism gives way to th e practice of sc ientific pharm acology . Thissubject has scarcely been touched, so far as native drugs are

co ncerned, no twithstanding th e reasonable demand that our

native products be util ized in preference to those of other countries which frequently are no better than thos e of our own land .

To prepare a genuinely Philippine Pharmacopoeia is not as imple task, for it involves a th orough chemical and pharm aco dy

namie study of the most important drugs already known tomedica l practitioners . Not only this , but careful selection mustbe made from among those tested in order that the formulasshall not contain several drugs that possess the same or s imilarcurative virtues , and that the proposed Phi l ippine code shallinclude such fore ign drugs fo r which no equivalents have yetbeen found here .

From the B o tan ical Sectio n o f the B io lo gical Labo rato ry ; Bureau o f

Science , Man ila.


From our present knowledge of this matter it seems ad .

visab le to condense th e l ist so as to include only th e mostimportant material ; that is, such plants as have proved etfica

cio us, either medicinally Or toxically, according to th e generalconception of these two terms . There is no doubt that muchof folklore has entered into th e bel ief in the great virtues ofplants reputed to be medic inal . This fact portrays clearly th eprimitive mentality of a part of our people who have not yet

entire ly thrown Off th e ethological traces which at o ne time

characterized them . What might at first glance appear to beof secondary importance or even without value, may Often prove

the stepping-stone to chemical investigation ; because a bel iefthat may appear to be mere Opinion without foundation in factis , in reality, th e result of practical Observation . A thing Ob

served may be inexplicable to o ne Of primitive intell igence ; butsuch Observation may develop into superstition , Since his mindis incapable Of interpreting correctly th e phenomenon h e hasobserved, and h e can only explain it as having occurred throughthe mysterious intervention of some de ity who possesses th ekey to th e enigma .

The mediquillos ,* not really understanding th e causes thatproduce disease , s imply utilize th e plants herein described inthe treatment of symptoms . For this reason , th e descriptionsof their curative uses are usually given here in terms of symptoms rather than as remedies for th e treatment of spec ificdiseases .

The formulas used by th e mediquillos for the administrationof their vegetal drugs are th e s implest . Thei r Officinal and

galenic preparations cons ist of decoctions and infus ions thatare more or less concentrated, recently adopted s irups, Oily

unguents or embrocations , watery or alcohol ic macerations, poultices, plasters that have for their base pure wax or res inous substances , inhalations , fumigations , empyreumatic products , etc .

The ir methods of manipulation are rudimentary and inspiredby false princip les or by a faulty understanding Of th e imm e

diate component parts of th e plants . Th e mediqui l lo is notgiven to mix ing many ingredients in o ne prescription ; thisfact makes it eas ier to detect th e effects of the drug employed

by him , and el iminates all doubt as to whether th e effect canbe attributed to th e principal medicament or to some other o ne

used in connection with it .

* A wo rd used in th e Philipp ine Islands fo r o ne having m edical ex

perience but n o title .

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES

A LGAE

Genus GRAC ILLA R IA

GRACILLA R IA LICHENOIDES Grev . GULAMAN.

Lo cal nam es : Gu laman ( Tagalo g , Sambali, Pangasinan ) ; gu lam cin

( B ico l) ; gum/man ( Ilo co s No rte and Sur, Cagayan , Cuyo ) ; gurguraman( Cagayan ) .

The gelatine extracted from this seaweed is used as a pectoraland antidysenteric .

Family POLYPODIA CEAE

Genus A CROST ICHU M

A CROST ICHU M A U RE U M L . LAGOLO.

A description and figure of this species and its local namesare given in the section on mangrove swamps .

Th e rhizomes are vulnerary, and are especial ly used in

heal ing inveterate ulcers . The leaves used in topicals are

emollient .Genus A DIANT U M

ADIANT U M PHILIPPENSE L. KAIKAI.

Lo cal nam es : Cu lan trillo ( Span ish in th e vicinity o f Man ila and Pam

pang a) ; kaikai ( Tagalo g ) .

Th e fronds e ither in decoction or a s irup are, in E uropean

therapeutics , util ized for the same purposes as is A diantumcap illus veneris . In the Philippines they are administered towomen in childb i rth in th e same manner as are the spec ies o f

A risto lo chia .

D istribution : Central Luzon to Palawan .

Genus A SPLENI U M

ASPLENI U M MA CROPHYLLU M SW . PAKONG-CI'

IBAT

Lo cal nam es : BuutOt-kap o’

n ( Tagalo g ) cu lan trillo ( Bukidno n ) pako’

( Palawan , Bukidno n , Isabela ) ; pakong -g i’

i ba t (Man ila and vicinity )

Th e fronds in the form of a decoction are a powerful diuretic,used in the treatment of defective urinary secretion , espec iallythat induced by beriberi .D istribution : Northern Luzon to southern M indanao .

1 67


Genu s DRYNA R IA

DRYNA R IA QUERC I FOL I A (L. ) J . Sm . PAKPAK-LAUIN .

Lo cal nam es : B‘aga

-baga ( Pan gasin an ) ; g o na tibatib ( Pampanga ) ;kabkab

,kabkabiu , kabkabo n (Bisaya ) ; kabkcib ( Bico l) ; kapp a-kappa

( Ilo ko ) ; p ako (Tayabas ) ; pakpak- lduin , paipai-am o (Tagalo g ) ; saga

(Benguet ) .

A description of this species is given in the section on ornamental plants .

The rhizomes in decoction are used as an astringent. Inconcentrated form they are said to be anthelmintic .

Genu s OLEANDRA

OLEA NDRA NER IIFORMIS Cav . KALISKI'

s-AHA S.

Lo cal nam e s : Ka liskis-ahas , luu as ( Tagalo g ) .

The stipes in decoction are an efficacious emmenagogue . They

are be l ieved , among th e F i l ipinos , to be a good remedy for veno m o us snake b ites .

D istribution : Benguet, Zamboanga , Bas i lan .

Genus ONYCHI U M

ONYCHIUM S ILICULOSUM (Desv . ) C . Chr . PARONG-ANuANG.

Lo cal nam es : Dila -dila, pako ng -anuang ( Tagalo g ) ; pako ( Bu lacan ) .

The fro nds in decoction are good for dysentery .

D istribution : A pparently confined to the prov inces of northernand central Luzon .

Family SCH IZAEA CEAE

Genus LYGODI U M

LYGODIUM C IRC INNATUM (Burm . f. ) NITO.

A description and figure Of this spec ies and its local names aregiven in the section on fiber plants .

Th e stipe i s chewed and applied to th e b ites of venomousreptiles or insects in order to neutral ize th e poison .

D istribution : Throughout the Philippines from the Batanes

Is lands to Zamboanga .

Family CYCADA CEAEGenus CYCAS

CYCA S R UMPHII Mig. PITOGO.

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local namesare given in th e section on food plants .

The whole seed is roasted,pounded into small pieces , put into

coconut o il, stirred, and applied to wo unds,'

bo ils, itches , and

other skin diseases .


A NDROPOGON SORGHU M (L. ) Bro t . var. V U LGA R IS ( Pers . ) Hack .

BATAD.

Lo cal n ames : Batad ( Tagalo g , B iko l, Cuyo , Occidental Negro s, Davao ) ;bukakau (Bo nto c, Ilo ko Pro vinces , Pangasinan ) .

Th e fru its yie ld a decoction much l ike that of barley andwhich is used s imi larly .

D istribution : Cultivated, on a sma l l scale for local consumption,from northern Luzon to M indanao and Palawan .

ANDROPOGON Z IZANIOIDES (L. ) Urban . VETIVER o r MORAS.

A description and figure of this species and its loca l namesare given in the section on res ins, gums , and Oi ls .

The decoction of the roots is used for tonic baths, and is takeninternally as an efficacious l ithotriptic .

Genus BAM BUSA

BA M BUSA SPINOSA Ro xb . SPINY BAMBOO.

A description and figure of this species and its local namesare given. in the section on bamboos .

A decoction of the roots is administered in cases of anuria .

BA M BUSA VULGA R IS .Schrad. KAwAYAN-KILING.

A description and figure of this species and its local namesare given in the section on bamboos .

The aqueous sap of this plant is much esteemed by th e nativesas a remedy for phthisis .

Genus COIXCOIX LA CHRYMA -J O B I L . TIGBI o r J OE’S TEARS.

Th e local names of this species are given in the section onfibers .

Th e starch Obtained from th e fruit is co ns idered as a tonicwhich is restorative in convalescence .

D istribution : Widely distributed in the settled areas of thePh i l ippines .

Genus CYNODON

CYNODON DA CTYLON (L. ) Pers . BERMUDA GRASS.

Lo cal nam es : Calo t—gato t ( Pangasinan ) ; gra/ma ( Spanish-Filip ino ) .

A deco ction of the entire plant is an effective diuretic and isalso cons idered a pectoral .D istribution : From northern Luzon to so uthern M indanao .

Genus ELEUS I NE

ELEUS IN E I ND I CA (L. ) Gaertn . PALAGTIKI o r YARD GRA SS.


in th e section on fiber plants .

MEDICI NAL USES OF PLANTS 171

Th e entire plant, mixed wi th gogo , is used to cleanse the headOf dandruff, and to prevent loss of hair .

Genus IMPERA TA

I M PERA TA CYLINDR ICA (L. ) Beauv . var . KOENIGII Benth . KOGON .

Lo cal nam es : Bu chid (Batanes Islands ) gao n ( Benguet ) gég o n

(Biko l) kég o n (Bo nto c, Tagalo g , Pampanga, Bisaya, etc . ) pan’au

( Ilo ko )

The fru iting spikes are regarded as vulnerary in decoction,and as a sedative when taken internally .

D istribution : Widely distributed from Batanes Islands tosouthern M indanao .

Genus ORYZAORYZA SA T IVA L . RICE .

Lo cal names : Ammai (Ibanak ) ; humdi ( Cebu ,Misam is ) ; pagai ( Ilo ko ,

Cagayan ) pdgb’

i ( Pangasinan ) ; pakit ( Ig o ro t ) ; palai ( Tagalo g ) ; pale( Pampanga ) ; pali (Sambali) ; paro i (B iko l, Bisaya, Cuyo ) .

The roots and rhizomes yield a‘

deco ctio n employed in casesof anuria . Th e lye produced by the burned culms is cons ideredby the I lokos to be an abortive . The fruits in decoction orpoultice s are emollient .

Genus PANIC U M

PANIC UM STAGNINUM Retz . URAROI.

Lo cal nam es : Lag tém na pu la, uraro z ( Cam arines ) ; tim sim ( Chinese ) .

A decoction of th e pith is use d as a diuretic .

D istribution : Widely distributed from Batanes Islands tosouthern M indanao .

Genus PA SPA LUM

PA SPA LU M SCROB ICULATUM L .

Lo cal nam es : A ng -angs o n (Benguet ) balili (Lepanto ) ; p erag’is (Ta

galo g ) .

A de coction of the roots and rhizomes is used as an alterativein childb irth .

D istribution : Mountain Province of Luzon to Basi lan .

Ge nus SCHIZOSTA CHYUM

SCHIZOSTACHYUM DIELSIANUM (Pilger) Merr.

A description and figure of this species and its lo cal namesare given in th e section on bambo os .

A decoction of the rhizome s makes a refreshing beverage .

The young shoots are u sed to diss ipate th e opacity of th e cornea .

D istribution : Very common in th e central provinces ofLuzon .


Genus Z EA

ZEA MAYS L . CORN.

Lo cal n am e : Mais ( Span ish -F ilip in o ) .

A decoction of th e fresh or dried stalk, as wel l as that ofth e stigmas , is a diuretic much used by th e natives of thePhilippines .

D istribution : Cultivated throughout th e Phil ippines .

Family CYPERA CEA E

Genus KYLLINGA

KYLLINGA MONOC EPHA LA R o ttb . BUSIKAD.

Lo cal nam es : A nuaug ,m u tha ( Tagalo g ) ; bag i-bdg i, ( Sam ar ) ;

ba sikad, bo to n cillo (Laguna ) ; bo rsa nga dadakkél (Un io n ) ; bo s bo tOn es ,bu sikad (B isaya ) ; ka tu tu (C o tabato ) ; m a laapulid ( Pam panga ) ; m us tra

(Tayabas ) ; sudsud (B isaya ) .

The rhizome yields a decoction employed as a diuretic . M ixedwith oil , it is extern ally employed to combat certain form s ofdermatos is .

D istribution : Common and widely distributed throughout thePhilippines .

Family PA LMA E

Genu s A R ECAA R ECA CA T ECHU L . BUN

‘

GA o r BETEL PALM.

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local namesare given in the section on palms .

The seeds, bes ides be ing chewed, are also much emplo yed

externally as an astringent . Th e tender seeds are said to bepurgative , and th e ripened ones grated are a vermifuge . Some

care must be taken in grating, as th e seeds contain poisonouse lements .

A R ECA HUTCHINSONIA NA Becc . PISA .

A description of this spec ies and i ts local names are given

in the section on palms .

The raw terminal bud i s given to children to be eaten as avermifuge .

Genus A R ENGA

A R ENGA PINNA TA (Wurm b ) Merr . KAONG o r SUGAR PALM.

A description and figure of this species and its local names aregiven in th e s ection on palms .

Th e unripe fruit is edib le , but when ripe is said to be a violentpoison for dogs . Th e fuzz of th e petioles is used as a hemostatic and c icatrizant.


The spadix is used in deco ction as an emmenagogue and

ecbolic.Genu s HOMA LOMENA

HOMA LOMENA PHILIPPINENSIS Engl. TAHIG.

A description of this species and its local names are g iven inthe section on miscellaneous plants .

Th e rhizomes are reputed to be antirheumatic if used in th eform of an embrocation .

Genus RHA PHIDOPHORA

RHA PHIDOPHORA MERR ILLII Eng ] . AMLONG,

Lo cal nam es : Am lo’ng (Cama rines ) ; amulo ng ( Ilo ko ) ; balamai

,mala

pakpak, tampin bana l, tibatib (Tagalo g ) ; balikukup bisan o , dibatib, daila ,

garban , h o rag , tako lin e, tirbatib (Bisaya ) ;

The sap is employed for th e cure of snake b ites . The spadixof this plant is valued among the natives as an emmenagogue .

perhaps on account of its form .

D istribution : Mountain Province of Luzon to southern M indanao .

Genus TYPHONlUM

TYPHONIUM DIVARICA T U M Decne .

Lo cal name : Gabigabihan (Tagalo g ) .

The corms have a rubefac ient quality, but are very rarely used .

Family FLAGELLARIA CEA E

Genus FLAGELLA R IA

FLAGELLA R IA INDICA L . BALING-UAI.

A description and figure of this species and its local namesare given in the section on fiber plants .Th e stem and rhizome in decoction are cons idered diuretic .

Family COMMELINA CEAEGenus COMMELlNA

COMM ELINA BENGHA LENSIS L . SABILAU .

Lo cal names : A likbang o n (Tagalo g ) ; bias-bias ( Pampanga ) ; kubasi(Batanes Islands ) ; ku lku lasi (Un io n ) ; o likbciiié o n ( Tagalo g ) ; sabilciu

(Bisaya) .

The entire plant, in decoction, is used as an emollient collyrium . It is also employed to combat strangury.

D istribution : Batanes Islands to Palawan and Bas i lan .

MEDICINAL USES OF PLANTS 175

Family LILIA CEAE .

Genus A LI U MA LL I U M C EPA L . ONION.

Lo cal nam es : A ldo n is es , sibiiyas ( Tagalo g )

The bulbs , cooked and mixed with cocoanut Oil, are used in theform of an ointment applied to th e abdomen to provoke diures is .

A LLI U M SA T IV UM L . BAUANG o r GARLIC.

Lo cal nam es : A j o s ( Span ish ) ; bauang ( Ilo co s No rte and Sur, Abra,

Benguet, Nueva E cIJa , Unio n , Zambales , Pangasinan ,Tarlac , Pampanga ,

Bulacan ,Bataan , Cavite , Batangas, Manila, Rizal, Laguna ,

Tayabas,Cam arines N o rte and Sur , A lbay, Leyte , Marinduque

,Misam is ) ; laso na

( Cuyo ) .

~ The bulbs , when applied to the temples in the form of a

poultice, are cons idered to be revuls ive in headache . They are

used also to mi tigate th e pain caused by th e b ites of insects, sco rpions , centipedes, etc .

Genu s SANSEVI ERA

SANSEVI ERA Z EYLANICA (L. ) W illd. SINAwA.

A description of this species and its local names are given in thesection on fiber plants .

Th e leaves when roasted are used as an emoll ient.

Genus SM ILA X

SM ILA X BRA CT EA TA Pre sl . BANAG.

Lo cal nam es : Bandy (Benguet, Un io n , Abra ) banal (Benguet) hampas

tig balang , kamaysa, sip it-o lang (Rizal) ; ko lo

'

t-babui (Bataan ) .

The rhizomes and roots are regarded as depurative whenused in the form of a . decoction .

D istribution : Benguet, Union , Pangas inan , Nueva E c ija, Bulacan , R izal , Laguna, Tayabas , Bataan , Sorsogon , Davao .

SMILA X CHINA L . URI-UBIHAN.

Lo cal nam es : Bua'

na l (Benguet ) ; u bi-ubihan (Tagalo g ) .

The roots and rhizomes taken in the form of a decoction are

used as depurative in cases of herpetism, syphi lis , etc .

D istribution : In the mountains of Benguet, Lepanto, Ifugao,Bontoc, M indoro, Zambales , Negros .

SM ILAX LE UCOPHYLLA Blum e . HAMPAS-TIGBALANG.

Lacal nam es : Banal (Benguet ) hampds-tigbalang , kam o t-kabay (Rizal)ro nas (Bisaya ) zarzaparilla—pu ti ( Laguna )The roots and rh izomes of this spec ies are used as a purifier


of th e b lood, as is th e case with all species of Sm ilax. They are

cons idered as antisyphilitic and antirheumatic , and are g en

erally effective in cutaneous affection .

D istribution : Benguet, Pangas inan , Bataan , Pampanga, R izal ,Laguna

,M indoro

,Balabac

,Palawan , Culion , and A gusan .

Family AMARYLLIDA CEA E

Genu s CR I NUMCR I NUM A S I A T I CUM L . BAKONG.

Lo cal nam es : A gu bahan (B isaya ) ; bako n ( Po lillo , M indo ro ) ; balco ny(Bataan ,

Un io n , Pangasinan , Cam arines ) ; ka laguko u (B isaya ) ; sa libang

bang (Bisaya ) .

Th e bulbs are prepared as an ointment, and th e leaves asan emollient, both in the form of topicals . The bulbs haveemetic properties .

D istribution : Batanes Islands , Bontoc, I locos Sur, Nueva Vizcaya

,Union , Pangas inan , Bataan , R izal , Laguna, M indoro,

Polillo, Palawan , Davao, Zamboanga .

Genu s CURCULIGO

CURCULIGO ORCHIOIDES Gaertn .

Lo cal nam es : E s tre lla ,ta la ii

‘

gi, ta talua i'

i‘

g’

i ( Buk idn o n ) ; ko g o n -kayo n

(Rizal ) ; su lsu litik (B o nto c ) .

Th e plant is used as a cure for Skin diseases and for headache . Th e root when powdered and used pure , or mixed withother tonic or carminative vegetab le drugs , is cons idered tonic.pectoral , diuretic and aphrodis iac .

D istribution : Bontoc , Pangas inan , R izal , M indoro , Sorsogon ,

A ntique , Semirara Island, Biliran Island, Palawan, Buk i dnon .

and Davao .

Genu s EURYCLES

EURYCLES AMBOINENS IS (L . ) Lindl. KATANCAL.

Lo cal nam es : A bud (Bisaya ) ; katafi‘

g'

a l (Bisaya ) ; ka tiiuga l (Tagalo g ) ;kés o l (Bisaya ) ; dailsum (Bisaya ) ; p anabo r (B isaya ) ; talaunur (Bisaya ) ;talium

’

ld (Biko l ) ; tam bal ( Tagalo g ) ; tanual, l o uaar (Bisaya ) .

Th e bulbs are employed as emeto —cathartic in small doses ;th e leaves are used externally as antirheumatic topicals .

D istribution : .Cavite , Laguna, Camarines , Mindoro ; oftencultivated as an ornamental pot plant .

Genus HYMENOCA LL I S

HYMENOCA LL I S L I TTORA LE ( Jacq . ) Salish .

Lo cal nam es : A j o s -aj o s it‘

ga m apu ti (B isaya ) ; balco ny ( Tagalo g )lirio ( Span ish-F ilip in o ) .

The bulbs are used as a vulnerary .


Genus KA EMPFER IAKA EMPFER IA GA LA NGA L . DUSOL.

Lo cal nam es : Dis o l (B o nto c ) ; du s o’

( Tagalo g , Rizal ) ; daso l, yus o’

l (Ta

galo g ) ; kiso l (Bukidn o n ) .

Th e rhizome is carm inative if used in decoction . When

chewed, it is said to be useful in alleviating coughs . Th e

pounded rhizome is used in curing the irritation produced bycontact with stinging caterpillars .

D istribution : Bondoc, R izal , Bukidnon .

KA EMPFER IA ROT UNDA L .

The rhizome is used intern ally in gastric complaints, as are

the spec ies of Galauga . Used externally, it is a powerful cicatrizant if mixed with coconut Oil.D istribution : Widely distributed in the Philippines , both cul

tivated and wild .

Ge nus KOLOW RATIA

KOLOW RATIA ELEGANS Presl. TAGBAK .

Lo cal names : Tag bdk (Rizal, Laguna, Camarines ) ; tagbak-bdbu i (Ba

tangas ) ; ta lbak (Pam p anga ,Bataan ,

Lagun a ) ; tugbak (Tayabas )The leaves, after having been pounded and mixed with a l ittle

salt, are rubbed on the affected parts of a paralytic patient .D istribution : Widely distributed in th e Phil ippines .

Genus Z INGIBER

Z I NG I BER Z ER UMBET (L . ) Sm . BARAK .

Lo cal nam es : Bang lai (Tagalo g ) ; barak ( Tayabas ) ; kalandy (A lbay )langkauas ( Po lillo ) ; tam o hilang (Bukidn o n ) ; tum bang -as o (Tagalo g ) .

The pulverized rhizome is administered as an antidiarrh etic .

D istribution : Bontoc,A payao, Bataan, Cavite, Manila, Ba

tangas , Laguna , Tayabas , Poli llo , Cam arines , A lbay, Bukidnon,Lanao ; occas ionally cultivated .

Family CANNA CEA E

Genus CA NNA

CANNA INDICA L . CANNA .

Lo cal nam es : Kaku in tasan , ku in tas-kuiu tdsan ( Tagalo g ) ; tikas -tikas

(Tagalo g , Bisaya ) ; lasa (Batanes Islands ) .

Th e rhizome in decoction is used as a diuretic, and whenmacerated in water is said to alleviate nosebleed .

-D istribution : Batanes Islands to Lanao .


Family MARANTA CEA EGenus DONA X

DONA X CA NNA EFORMIS ( Fo rst. f. ) K . Schum . BAMBAN.

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local namesare g iven in the section on fiber plants .

The roots when brewed in decoction are said to act as an

antidote for snake b ites , and in blood-poisoning generally .

Family ORCHIDA CEAE

Genus GEODORUM

GEODORUM NU TANS ( Presl ) Ames .

A desc ription of this spec ies and its local nam es are given

in the section on res ins , gums, and Oils .

The tuberous base is regarded as emollient when util ized

as a poultice .

Family CA SUARINA CEAE

Genus CA SUA R INA

CA SUA R INA EQUISET IFOLIA L . AGOHO.

Lo cal names : A g o’

h o ( Tagalo g , Bisaya, B iko l, Pampangan ) ; ago ( Palaui'

Islands, Cagayan ) ; ag o k ( Cagayan ,Babuyanes Islands ) ; ag o ko ( Panga

sinan ) ; ag o so ( Zambales , Nueva Ecija , Tayabas ) ; alc-o ( Cagayan ) ; aro

( Ilo co , Benguet ) ; aro bo , aro h o (Abra ) aro o (Cagayan , Ilo co s No rte, Pan

gasinan , Nueva Ecija , Ilo co s Sur ) ; karo ( Ilo co s ) ; m a labéh o k (B isaya ) ;maribiih o k (Leyte, Surigao ) .

The bark, in decoction , is employed as an emmenagogic andecbolic when taken in large doses .D istribution : Very widely distributed from northern Luzon

to Palawan and northern M indanao, along the coast and sandyriver valleys .

Family PIPERA CEAEGenus PIPER

PIPER BETLE L . BUYO o r BETEL PEPPER .


in the section on offic ial medicinal plants.The leaves , together with lime and betel nut, constitute a

masticatory in general use among the F il ip inos , who cons iderit a preservative of the teeth and a prophylactic against certaincomplaints of th e stomach . The leaves when greased with lardor sesame Oil are much used by F i l ip inos as a carminativemedicine applied to the abdomen of children suffering fromgastric disorders .


PIPER NIGR UM L .

Lo cal nam e : Ma lis a (Tagalo g , Bisaya ) .

The fruit is used as a condiment by th e F i l ipinos ; and also ,when applied extern ally

,as a stimulant and rubefac ient .

D istribution : Cavite , Batangas , SurIgao .

P I PER R ETROFRA CTUM Vahl .

Lo cal nam es : Amaras ( Pangasinan ) ; buyo -bilyo ( Bisaya ) ; kamara

(Abra,Un io n ) ; kayu ii

‘

go (Man ila ) ; litlit ( Cavite, Pangasinan ) ; sabia

( Cavite , Rizal, Laguna ) ; sao y-m achin (Rizal) ; su bon -m anuk ( Bataan ) .

Th e root is chewed and th e sal iva swallowed , or th e root isbrewed in decoction as a cure for col ic .

D istribution : Babuyanes Islands , I locos Norte , A bra, Union,Pangas inan

,Nueva E cija, Bulacan , Bataan , Cavite, R izal , Ma

nila,Laguna , M indoro , A ntique, Palawan .

Family CHLORANTHA CEAEGenus CHLO RA NTHUS

CHLORANTHUS BRA CHYSTACHYS Blum e .

Lo cal nam es : A p o t, gapas , umu -um ( Benguet ) ; gamuk (Bukidno n ) ;to lal (Basilan ) .

A n infus ion of this plant is said to be good for headache .

D istribution : Comm on and widely distributed at medium andhigher altitudes throughout th e A rchipelago .

Family MORA CEA EGenus A RTOCA R PUS

A RTOCA RPUS COMMUN I S Fo rst . A NTIPOLO.

A description and figure of thi s spec ies and its local namesare given in th e section on fiber plants .

A decoction of th e bark is used as a vulnerary .

A RTOCA RPUS CUM I NG I A NA Tréc . A NUBING.

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local namesare given in th e section on res ins , gums , and oils .

The bark is boiled and used as a remedy for stomachache .

A RTOCA R PUS I NT EGRA ( Thunb . ) Merr . NANGKA.

A description of this spec ies and its local names are given inthe section on fiber plants .

Th e leaves , charred , and powdered , are used as an effectivecicatrizant for the wound resulting from a surgical operationfor th e removal of congenital phimosis .


Genus STR EBLUS

STR EBLUS A SPER Lo ur . KALIOS.

A description of this spec ies and its local names are given inthe section on soap substitutes .

Water in which the bark of this tree has been boiled is usedfor dis infecting wounds ; also internally for the skin disease

called“ culebra .

"The bark is chewed as an antidote in snake

poisoning. An infus ion of th e leaves is drunk as a tea.

Family URTICA CEAE

Genus FLEURYA

FLEURYA INT ER R U PTA (L. ) Gaudieh . LIPANG-Aso .

Lo cal n am es : Dalam o , da/mo ro (B isaya ) ; laiTgala, lipany-aso , lipany

kas tila (Tagalo g ) ; lupa (Pampanga ) .

The leaves , applied locally, are said to be good as a curefor carbuncles . A decoction of the root is an efficaciousdiuretic .

D istribution : A payao, Nueva Vizcaya, R izal , Manila, Laguna, Tayabas , Polillo , A lbay, Sorsogon , A ntique, M isamis ,Butuan, Camiguin Island, Davao, Palmas Islands .

Ge nus LA PORT EA

LA PORT EA MEYENIA NA (Walp . ) W arb . LIPANG—KALABAU .

Lo cal nam es : A p arigua (B isaya ) ; lii’

i‘

gato ng , lip a, lipai, lipany-ka labau

( Tagalo g ) ; lipany-di’

i to ng (Pam panga ) .

Th e root and leaves are used in infus ion as a diuretic incases of urinary retention . The leaves are said to cure carbuncles if appl ied locally .

D istribution : Cagayan , Mountain Province, Union , NuevaVizcaya , Pangas inan , Pampanga , Bulacan , Cavite, R izal , Laguna, Tayabas, Batangas, M indoro, Gu im aras Island .

Genus PILEA

P I LEA M I CROPHYLLA (L. ) Liebm .

The entire plant in infus ion is used as a diuretic .

D istribution : Union , Pampanga, R izal , Manila, Laguna, Ta

yabas, Polillo, A lbay, Palawan , Malamaui Is land, J0 10 , Cotabato .

Genus POUZOLZIA

POUZOLZ IA Z EYLA N ICA (L . ) Benn .

Th e leaves are used as a vu lnerary, but more especially as ac icatrizant for gangrenous ulcers .

D istribution : Batanes Is lands , Cagayan , I locos Norte , Union ,Bontoc

,A payao, Nueva Vizcaya , Pangas inan, Pampanga, R izal,


Manila, Laguna, Batangas , Tayabas , Polillo , Camarines, M indoro, Samar, Leyte, Negros O riental, Butuan, Bukidnon, Lanao ,Zamboanga .

Family ARISTOLOCHIA CEAE

Genus A R ISTOLOCHIA

A R ISTOLOCHIA SER IC EA Blanco PANG—GU‘

ISI

Lo cal name : Pang-guis i’ ( Ilo ko ) .

The entire fresh plant is used as a carminative , emmenagogue ,and febrifuge remedy . In cases of very painful gastralgia ,the root is chewed and th e sal iva swallowed . The root macerated in native spirituous l iquors is administered p o st partum

as a uterine tonic . It has been asserted that this drug is aviolent abortive

D istribution : Cagayan , Union, Batangas .

A R ISTOLOCHIA TA GA LA Cham . TIMBAN‘

GAN .

L o cal nam es : Ma laubi, tim bdiié an ,tim baii

‘

g’

tim baiTgan (Tagalo g ) ;kamkama iilau (Benguet ) ; nag

-eras ; (Unio n ) ; paro l-paro’

lan (P o lillo ) ;tauew tauén ( Ilo ko ) .

The roots are said to be tonic, carminative, and emm enagogicand a very efficient remedy for infantile tympanites if they are

pulverized and applied to the abdomen .

D istribution : Widely distributed from th e Mountain Province of Luzon to southern M indanao .

Family POLYGONA CEAE

Genus POLYGONU M

POLYGONUM BA R BA T U M L . SUBSI’

JBAN .

Lo cal nam es : Kanubsuban , ligan -li’

lpa ( Pampanga ) subsuban ( Tagalo g ) .

Th e sap of th e pounded leaves, applied directly to wounds ,is an effective c icatrizant.D istribution : Mountain Province of Luzon to Bas i lan .

Family CHENOPODIA CEAE

Genus CHENOPODI U M

CHENOPODI U M A M BROSIO IDES L . A LPASOTES.

Lo cal nam es : A lp aso tes ( Span ish-Filipin o ) alpaséti (B o nto c ) ; apasétes(Unio n ) p aso

’

tis (Mindo ro ) all co rruptio n s o f th e scientific nam e .

Th e leaves and tops , crushed and mixed with cooked rice are

used as a carminative in poultices appl ied to th e abdomen ofchildren suffering from dyspeps ia . This plant is cons ideredalso to be an emmenagogue .

D istribution : In waste places throughout the Philippines .


Fam i ly AMA RANTHA CEA E

Genu s A CHYRA NTHES

A CHYRANTHES‘

A SPERAi

L . RAG-RAGADI.

Lo cal nam es : A'

iifq'

ud (Pampanga ) ; garém ( Ilo co s Sur ) ; gu ella ( PalauiIsland) ; hafig o g (Balabac Island) ; hai

'

i‘

g’

o r (Tagalo g , Bisaya ) ; haiTg o t( Tagalo g ) ; kanguy (M indo ro ,

Bulacan ) ; higad-h igad,igaci

-igad ( Ilo co s

No rte ) ; libai (Tagalo g ) ; frag -ragadi ( Pangasinan ) ; saram o ( Bisaya ) .

A decoction of th e leaves and roots of this plant is usedlocally as a diuretic .

Th e sap is said to be useful in diss ipating the opacity Of th e

cornea .

D istribution : Throughout th e Philippines at low and medium

altitude-S, a weed in Open waste places .

Genu s A ERUAA ERUA LANATA (L. ) Juss . KARLAKEM.

Lo cal nam es : Karlakém (Un io n ) ; pamaiuap (Mindo ro ) .

A decoction of this plant is a very efficac ious diuretic, andis said to be useful in catarrh of the bladder and in gonorrhea .

D istribution : Union , Central Luzon provinces , M indoro , andthe Visayas .

Genus AMA RANTHUS

A MA RA NTHUS SPINOSUS L . KALUNAI.

Lo cal nam es : A kum ( Co tabato ) °

arai (Batangas ) ; ayau to to (Pam

panga ) ; ba’uan (B o nto c ) ; bayam bang (M indo ro ) ; iting -iting (Davao ) ;

ka li’

mai ( I lo ko ) ; karlun o i ( I lo ko in B o n to c ) ; kuan to’

ug ( Ilo k o ) ; ku litis ,kilitis ( Tagalo g ) ; o o

’

ri (Po lillo ) s ii tan (Un io n ) u rai (M indo ro , Tayabas ) .

A decoction Of th e root is useful in th e treatment of gonorrhea .

D istribution : Cagayan , I locos Norte ,Benguet, Bontoc, Nueva

Vizcaya, Unio n , Nueva E cija , Manila , Laguna, Tayabas , M indoro

,Polillo

,Palawan , Davao, Cotabato .

Genu s C ELOS I AC ELOS I A A RGENT EA L . KADAIOHAN .

Lo cal n am es : Kadaio’

han , (Tagalo g ) ; sansaudo k ( Ilo co s No rte ) ; tayughug (Occidental Negro s ) .

The seeds when in a decoction , or as fine po wder, are considered antidiarrh etic and aphrodis iac . Th e leaves are edible,but are not eaten by women

.

during menstruation .

D istribution : Cagayan , Ilocos Norte and Sur, Benguet,Pangas inan , Nueva E cija, R izal, Manila, Laguna, Tayabas ,M indoro , Negros , Bohol , Palawan , Lanao , Davao .


A decoction of th e roots and stem is u sed as a febrifuge, tonic,emmenagogue, or abo rtive, according to the quantity adm inis

tered. In Zambales it is also employed as an expectorant inbronchial affections . This plant contains about 5 per cent o f

berberine .

Genus CISSAMPELOS

C ISSAMPELOS PA R E IRA L . KALAAD.

Lo cal n am es : Ba tang -batang ( Cebu ) ; kalaad,ka lkalaad (Tagalo g ,

Ilo ko in Un io n and Cagayan ) ; kalaka lamaian (Batangas ) ; kusku sipa( Ilo ko ) ; gu lagu lamauan (Tagalo g ) ; hampapare, kimpa'

ra’(B isaya ) ; ma

kabu ( Bulacan ) ; m alaru tto (A payao ) ; para-para ( Laguna ) ; pari’, sam

papare’(Bisaya ) ; san sau, sansau-san sauan ,

s insau -sin sauan ( Tagalo g ) .

Th e root when brewed in decoction is cons idered diuretic,l ithotriptic

,pectoral , and febrifugal . The pounded leaves are

used to cure snake b ites . They are a good antiscab ious remedy .

D istribution : Widely distributed throughout the Philippines .

Genus PYCNA R RHENA

PYCNA R RHENA MA NILLENSIS Vidal AMBAL.

Lo cal nam es : Am bal ( Tagalo g ) bago (Negro s ) kaliko t, halo’

t ( Bisaya )mammi

‘

gio l ( Tayabas ) .

Th e powder-ed root, taken internally, is used as a tonicmedicine . It is very efficac ious as a c icatrizant . It is said thatit is also an excel lent vulnerary and a remedy for snake bites ,and that the infus ion is good for women in parturition .

D istribution : Central Luzon to Zamboanga .

Ge nus ST EPHAN I A

ST EPHANIA JA PON I CA ( Thunb . ) Miers MARATUGI.

Lo cal nam es : Karen (Batanes I slands ) ; m aratugi (B o nto c ) .

This plant is said to be of value in th e cure Of itches .

D istribution : Batanes Islands, Cagayan , I locos Norte, B ontoc,Lepanto, Benguet, Batangas, R izal , Laguna, Camiguin Island .

In thicke ts and forests at low and medium altitudes .

Genus T INOMISCIUM

TINOMISCIUM PH I L I PPINENSE Miers BAYATING.

Lo cal nam es : Bayating ( Pampanga )“

lag tang (Laguna ) ; ti/mbangtim bang ( Tayabas )Th e white milky sap diluted with water is used as an

eyewash .

D istributio n : Pangas inan , Laguna ,Tayabas , Biliran Island ,

Lanao , Davao . In forests at low and medium altitudes .


Family ANNONA CEAE

Genus A LPHONSEA

A LPHONSEA A R BOR EA (Blanco ) Merr . BOLON .

Lo cal names : B o ldn ( Cam arines ) ; ka ldi ( Zambales, Laguna ) ; lamitan( Leyte, Mindo ro , Tayabas ) ; lamitan dtum (Ticao Island) ; sap iro ( Cebu ) .

The fru it of this tree is bo iled and u sed locally as a cure forfever . A decoction of th e fru its is a good remedy in amenorrhea .

D istribution : Central Luzon to Davao .

Genus GONIOTHA LAMUS

GONIOTHA LAMUS A M UYON ( Blanco ) Merr. AMUYONG.

A description of this species and its local names are given inthe section on fiber plants .

The seeds cooked with oil make an effe ctive l in iment in rheumatic complaints . In decoction they are used in tympanites .

Family LAURA CEAE .

Genus C INNA MOMU M

C INNA MOM UM MERCA DOI Vidal KAL'

INfIAG.

A description and figure Pf this species and its local name sare given in the section on res ins , gums, and oils .

The bark has rubefac ient propert ies and is util ized as a re

medy for headaches and rheumatism . It is also chewed forstomach troub les , and is used in tuberculos is . It is sometimessubstituted for c innamon as a condiment .

C INNAMOM UM MINDA NA ENSE Elm . MINDANAO CINNAMON.

A description and figure of this species and its loca l namesare given in the section on res ins , gums , and oils .The bark is used in th e same manner as is Ceylon c inna

mon . F i l ip inos use it in decoction with ginger, star anise

(Illicium anisatum ) , and sugar as a stomachic beverage , andalso at breakfast . It is a very agreeable and hygienic drink .

The leaves yie ld a stimulant and carminative medic ine .

Genus LITSEA

LITSEA GLU T INOSA (Lo ur. ) C . B . Ro b . SABLOT.

Lo cal names : Bala fi‘

ganan (Mindo ro ) ; bu tus (Bataan ) ; dalau en ( Isabela ) ; du

’rTgu l ( Cagayan ) ; lauat (Masbate ) ; lo kbliit (Amburayan ) ; lama

ii‘

gj o g ( Guimaras Island) ; ma lakakao ( Bataan ) ; marang ( Po lillo ) ;m ip ip i (Ticao Island) ; o lo s -o lo s ( Pangasinan ) ; parasablut (Zambales ) ;sablo

’

t (Unio n , Cagayan , Ilo co s Sur, Isabe la ) ; siblo t ( Cagayan ) ; tagu

tugan ( Cam arines ) ; tayakp o k (A gusan ) ; tubjus ( Batanes Islands ) .

The bark is used in decoction for th e cure of intestinal catarrh .

D istribution : Cagayan to Cotabato .


Family CA PPARIDA CEA E

Gen us CA PPA R I SCA PPA R I S HOR R I DA L . f. HALUBAGAT-BAGING.

A description of this spec ies and its'

lo cal names are given in

th e section on food plants .

The leaves are employed as a counter- irritant .

CA PPA R I S MICRA CA NTHA DC. HALUBAGAT-KAHOI.

A description of this species and its lo cal names are given inthe section on food plants .

This plant is said to be used for asthma and for pains in th ebreast.

Genus CRA TA EVA

CRA TA EVA R ELIGIOSA F o rst . BALAI-LAMOK.

Lo cal n am es : Ba lai- lamOk ( Ilo co s Sur , Pangasinan ) banugan (Masbate )du li’fifq

’

ato k ( Pam panga ) ; léting -

pako (Nueva Ecija )Th e leaves of this plant are said to be useful in cases of irreg

ular menstruation . They are cons idered stom achic . The root

is employed as an alterative . Th e sap of th e bark is used as acure in convuls ions and tympanites .

D istribution : Northern Luzon to Masbate and Palawan,prob

ably also in M indanao and th e Sulu A rchipe lago . Found inwaste places , along streams , and in thickets near th e sea,

sometimes planted .

Genu s GYNANDROPSIS

GYNA NDROPS I S GYNANDRA (L. ) Merr. MANABO.

Lo cal nam es : Manabo (Abra ) ; tan tando’

k,tan tandék nga dadakké l

(Un io n ) .

Th e leaves are used externally, as are th e seeds of mustard,and are taken internally in certain b il ious disorders . Th e seedsare cons idered to have p roperties s imilar to those of mustard .

D istribution : Cagayan , I locos Sur, A bra , Union , Pangas inan ,Pampanga , Bataan , R izal , Manila, M indoro , Sorsogon, Panay,Negros Oriental , Davao , Zamboanga .

Family MORINGA CEAE .

Genu s MOR INGA

MOR INGA OLE I FERA Lam . MALUNGGAI o r HORSE -RADISH TREE

A description of this Species and its local nam es are given inth e section on res ins , gums , and Oils .

Th e bark is used as a rubefacient remedy . It is said that th eroots Of this tree , if chewed and applied to th e b ite of a snake ,


Th e seeds when administered in the form of a powder are a

febrifuge and are regarded as a tonic .

D istribution : Union , Pangas inan, Tayabas , Bataan, R izal,Camarines , M indoro, Palawan , Cebu, M isamis , Davao .

Genus CA SSIACA SSIA A LA TA L . A CAPI

’

ILCO.

Lo cal names : A capu lco , kapu'rko (Zambo anga ) andadasi Vl

‘

g’

a bugbug téng

(Un io n ) ; andadasi atria dakkél ( Pangasinan ) ; kasitas (Cam arines ) ; paka

yo ukém (Bataan ) ; pa lo —china (Negro s , Busuanga ) ; sun ting (Surigao ) .

The sap of the leaves is an effic ient antiherp etic, especial lywhen the herp es is of th e furfuraceous form .

D istribution : Throughout the settled areas of the Phil ippinesat low and medium altitudes

,locally abundant. Occas ionally

planted .

CA SSIA FIST U LA L . CANA-PISTULA.

Lo cal nam es : Ba layo ng (M indo ro ) ; cana-fis tu la o r cafia-p istu la ( Ilo co s

N o rte, Cagayan , Laguna, Rizal, Mindo ro ) ; fis tu la (Cebu ) ; tindalo (Mindo ro ) .

The pulp o f the fru it is. employed as a cathart ic .

D istribution : I locos Norte , Cagayan , R izal , Laguna, M indoro,Cebu , Occidental and Oriental Negros , Palawan ; in cultivationonly . Not to be confused with the much more widely distributednative Cassia javanica L . , which is almost everywhere knownby s imilar names .

CA SSI‘A MIMOSOIDES L . KATANDA.

Lo cal nam e : Ka tanda ( Bukidno n ) .

The roots are used as a cure for diarrhea .

D istribution : Northern Luzo n to M indanao . In open grasslands at low and medium altitudes

,in some regions ascending

to meters .

CA SSIA OCC IDENTA LIS L. ANDADASI.

Lo cal nam es : A ndadas i (Un io n ) ; ba lato ng -as o ( Tagalo g ) ; suu ting

( Samar ) ; tam ba lisa ( Zambo anga ) .

Th e seeds are used as a febrifuge . Th e leaves are purgativeand antiherp etic , though not so efficient as those of acapulco(Cassia alata ) .

D istribution : Throughout th e Philippines , from Cagayan toZamboanga .

CA SS IA SOPHERA L . TAMBALISA .

Lo cal nam es : A ndadasi ( Ilo c o s No rte , Un io n ) ; tam balisa (Tagalo g ) .

Th e seeds are used as a febrifuge .


D istribution : Babuyanes Islands, I locos Norte, Amburayansubprovince, Union , R izal, Laguna.

CA SSIA TORA L .

Lo cal names : A ndadasi figa dadakkb‘

l (Uni o n ) ; bah o -baho ( Bisaya ) ;balato ng (Laguna ) ; baldto ng-dso (Tagalo g ) .

The entire plant, in decoctio n , is taken as a vermifuge andpurgative .

D istribution : Very common in Batanes Islands- Luzon, and

M indanao, but does not seem to occur in the Visayas except in

Cebu .

Genus DA LBERGIA

DA LBERGIA C U M INGIANA Benth . TAHI'

D-LABI’

IYO,

Lo cal nam es : Bu lanini, kannak ( Cagayan ) kau ilan ( Cam arines ) tahid

labiiyo (Tayabas ) .

Th is v ine‘

is employed in curing the sto mach pains of smallchildren .

D istribution : Northern Luzon to M indanao . In thickets andsecondary forests at low and medium altitudes .

DA LBERGIA FERR UGINEA Ro xb . KAMUT-KABAC.

Lo cal nam es : B o lidtadhan (A gusan ) ; kamu t-kabay (Mindo ro ) ; hipaskipus ( Zambo anga ) ; ku lik-manar ( Pam panga ) ; m a lasa/ng

i-salue (Bataan ) ;manao n ( Tagalo g ) ; maluma lunggayan (Rizal) .

A decoction of th e wood of the stem or root is an emmena

gogue, and is an abortive if the administered dose be immoderatein s ize .

D istribution : Isabela Province to Zamboanga .

Genus ENTA DA

ENTA DA PHA SEOLOIDES (L. ) Merr. GOGO.

A description and figure of this. spec ies and its local namesare given in the section on soap substitutes .

The stem macerated in cold water makes a cleans ing soap .

It is also used as an emetic .

Genus E UCHR ESTA

E UCHR ESTA HORSFIELDII ( Lesch . ) Benn .

Lo cal nam es : Laguan (Tayabas ) katanda, makahilub (Bukidno n ) .

The roots are chewed as a cure for snakeb ite .

D istribution : Northern Luzon to M indanao . Of local o c

currence on the higher mountains .

Ge nus MIM OSAM IMOSA PU DICA L . MAKAHIA .

Lo cal nam es : A ndibaing ( Pangasinan ) ; baim bain ( Ilo ko ) ; dikilt-m ala

marin e ( Pam panga ) ; dilgun -susu (Un io n ) ; hamlp ai (Leyte ) ; hia-hia’(Cu


yo ) ; hu ia’-huia

’( B isaya ) ; huiag -h i

'

liag (Occidental Negro s ) ; k'

ipi -kip i’

(Bisaya ) ; kirom -kiro’

m (Sam ar ) ; kOkOl-daien ( Ilo ko ) ; m akania’(Zam w

bales , Pangasinan , all Tagalo g pro vinces ) talo -m agalan (Rizal ) ; to ro g

to’

ro g ( B ik o l) .

Th e entire plant in decoction is cons idered as an alterant andantiasthmatic .

D istribution : Common throughout the Philippines in openwaste places at low and medium altitudes .

Genus M UC UNA

M UCUNA NIGR ICANS (Lo ur . ) Steud. NIPAI .

Lo cal nam es : A lilip ai ( Zambo anga ) ; bukitkit, ipal, lipai ( Tagalo g ) ; baluktét (Po lillo ) dan ipai (Samar ) dug lo (Bataan ) n ip di (A labat Island)n ip éi (B iko l) ; sagapOk ( Cap iz ) .

When this vine is cut, watery sap exudes freely . This water isused as a cure for many kinds of fevers .

D istribution : No rthern Luzon to M indanao . In thickets andsecondary forests at low and medium altitudes, locally abundant .

Genus PHAS EOLUS

PHA SEOLUS A U R EUS Ro xb . BALATONG.

Lo cal name s : Balato ng (Unio n , Pangasinan ) m o’

ngg o , mungg o , bald

to ng (Tagalo g ) .

A decoction of the seeds. is an effective diuretic in cases ofberiberi . Th e seeds are employed e ither raw or cooked inmaturative poultices .

D istribution : Cultivated throughout the Islands .

Genus PONGA MIA

PONGA M IA PINNA TA (L. ) Merr. BANI.

A description and figure of this species and its local names aregiven in th e section on res ins

,gums , and Oils .

The bark is used as an abort ive by the natives of th e Is landof Guimaras .

Genus PT EROCA RPUS

PT EROCA RPUS BLA NCOI Merr . BLANCO’S NARRA .

Lo cal names : A palit ( Pam panga ) ; asana ( Bulacan ) ; narra (Un io n ,

Bulacan ) .

The res in is used as an astringent in aphtha or thrush .

D istribution : Union, Nueva E cija , Bulacan , R izal .

Genu s SOPHORA

SOPHORA TOMENTOSA L. SANDALAITAN .

. Lo cal n am es : Ban‘

gil, sam ba lag isai (B isaya ) ; sip o n (Batanes Island) ;sanda laitan ( Tayabas , Palawan ) ; tabag isa (Negro s , Zambo anga ) ; tam


Un io n ,Pangasinan ,

Rizal, Laguna, Cavite , Batangas , Tayabas, Camarines

No rte and Sur,A lbay, Marinduque ) ; naranja ( Sp an ish-F ilip in o ) ; sud

( Ilo co s N o rte and Sur ,A bra, Cagayan , Tarlac ) ; suha

’(Nueva Ecija , Eu

lacan ,Rizal, Man ila , Bataan ,

Batan gas , Tarlac, Po lillo , So rso g o n ,Ilo ilo ) .

The leaves, flowers, and pericarps are employed

,in th e form

of a decoction or infus ion , as a sedative in nervous affections .D istribution : Cultivated in almost all provinces .

Genu s CLA USENA

CLA US ENA A N I SUM-OLENS (Blan co ) Merr . KAYUMANIS.

A description and figure Of this species and its local namesare given in th e section on resins, gums , and Oi ls .

Th e leaves , stuffed into pillows and placed under th e head,have a so p o rific effect . They are also used in baths , in casesof rheumatism .

Genu s LUNA S IA

LUNA S IA A MA RA Blan ca LUNA S.

Lo cal nam es : A d ng-kako i (Laguna, Batangas ) ; labau (Masbate ) ; lubi

lubi ( Cebu ) ; lunan ( Pam p anga ) ; lunas ( Bulacan , Bataan , Rizal, M indo ro ,Palawan ) lu nas-bo ndo k (Bataan ) m armangga ( Cagayan ) ; p aitan ( I locosSur ) ; pap ait ( Cam arin es ) ; sa ltiki (Rizal, Laguna ) ; san tiki (Lagun a ) .

Th e leaves and bark are used for stom ach troub les .

D istribution : Northern Luzon to Bas ilan .

Genus MICROMELUM

MICROMELUM M I NUTUM ( F o rst . ) Seem .

Lo cal nam e : Makabafi‘

go n ( Cam arine s ) .

This plant is said to be used for curing stomachache andheadache .

D istribution : Laguna,Tayabas

,Catanduanes Is land, Samar,

Leyte , Lanao , Sulu , Bas i lan .

Genu s MUR RA YA

MUR RA YA PA N I CULA TA (L . ) Jack . KAMUNING.

Lo cal n am es : B anas i, banaasi, banati, etc . ( thro ugh alm o st who le rang e,

excep t Tag alo g p ro vi nces ) ; kamain (Pangasinan ) ; kamun ing (Tagalo g ) ;lukbcin -ba lit ( Pangasinan ) .

A decoction of th e leaves is used as a m outh-wash in casesof toothache .

D istribution : Wide ly distributed,from northern Luzon to

southern M indanao .

Genu s TODDA L I ATODDA L I A A S I A T I CA (L . ) Lam .

A descriptio n of this species and its local nam es are given

in the section on res ins , gums , and oils .


A decoction Of th e root is antidiarrh etic and dynamogenicduring convalescence from fevers . Th e bark is used in infus ionas a b itter stomachic tonic and febrifuge . The leaves whenchewed fresh are said to be useful in stomach disorders .

Genu s ZA NTHOXYLU M

ZA NTHOXYLUM AV I C ENNA E (Lam . ) DC .

Lo cal nam es : Baga tam bal, marbaar (Bisaya ) bungai ( Palawan ) itn‘

g’

an

(Bengu et ) ; kan‘

g’

ai ( Pam panga ) ; kayu tana (Batangas ) salai, sala i-kangai

( Pam panga ) .

A decoction of th e stem is used as a sto mach tonic and as acounter-poison for snake b ite .

D istribution : Benguet,Zamboanga, Nueva E c ija , R izal , Ba

tangas , M isamis , Cotabato .

ZANTHOXYLUM RHETSA (Ro xb . ) DC. KA SABANG.

Lo cal n am es : Kasabang ( Ilo co s Sur , Nu eva E cija,Zambales ) ; watcina ,

kaietdna (Bataan , Batangas , Neg ro s ) ; kaitana (Rizal ) ; kaiu tana (La

gun a ) ; pa lo -kaitana ( Zambale s, Zambo anga ) ; sagai-kafigai, sa lada i, salai

(Bisaya ) ; sarai (Masbate ) .

Th e bark , pounded and mixed with oil , is. used externally asa remedy for stomach pains . A decoction Of th e bark is takeninternally as a cure for paleness . The bark is also used as acure for pains in th e chest . When chewed it is applied to snakeb ites .

D istribution : Cagayan to Camarines , Masbate, Negros, Palawan

,Bas i lan .

Family SIMARUBA CEAE

Genu s BR UC EA

BR UC EA A MA R I SSI MA (Lo ur . ) Merr .

Lo cal n am e : Bag o-bag o (Negro s ) .

Th e fresh fruits are said to be good for stomachache . The

dried fruits are cons idered by E uropean and Chinese phys ieiau s as a very efficacious antidysenteric remedy .

D istribution : Pangas inan , Leyte, Negros , Palawan , Surigao ,M isamis

,Bukidnon , Cotabato , Bas i lan .

Genu s HA RR ISONIA

HA R R ISONIA PER FO RA TA (Blanco ) Merr . MAMI'

KIL .

Lo cal nam es : A simau ( Tagalo g ) ; bagu it, ban it ( Pangasinan ) ; bo kit( Ilo co s Sur ) m am ikil ( Batangas , Rizal ) sap

-sapang ( Ilo co s Sur ) .

Th e bark of th e root in decoction is a very eflicacio us remedy

for diarrhea and dysentery .

‘It is em ployed also against cholera .


D istribution : I locos Sur, Nueva Vizcaya.

, Pangas inan , Benguet, Zambales , Pam panga , Bulacan , R izal , Manila, Batangas ,Samar, Butuan , Davao , Zamboanga .

Genu s SA MA DE RA

SA MA DERA I ND I CA Ga ertn . MANUNGGAL .

A description of this spec ies and its local nam es are given


Th e bark and wood are a febrifuge , tonic , stomachic and em

menag o gue when administered in th e form of a macerationor decoction in water, alcohol or wine .

Family BURSERA CEA E

Genu s CA NA R I UM

CA NA R I UM LUZONICUM ( Blum e ) A . Gray

A description and figure Of this species and its local namesare given in th e section on res ins , gum s , and Oi ls .

Th e oleo-res in is a stim ulant medic ine used externally .

CA NA R I UM V I LLOSUM (Blum e ) F.-Vill. PAGSAHI

’

NGIN .

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local namesare given in th e section on res ins, gums , and Oi ls .

Th e res in is used medic inally .

Genus GA RUGA

GA R UGA A B I LO (Blan o o ) Merr . BOGO.

Lo cal nam es : A bilo (Tagalo g ) bio ( I lo co s Sur) bug o o r bo’

g o (M indo ro ,

Masbate,Negro s Occidental, Cebu , M isam is, Zambo anga , Co tabato ) ; bunus

( Ilo co s No rte ) ; lam i o (Rizal ) ; libas (Tayabas ) ; talin‘

ganan ( Zambo anga ) .

Blanco says that a decoction Of th e root is adm inistered tothose suffering from consumption .

D istribution : I locos Norte and Sur, Union, Pangas inan ,R izal , Nueva E cija , Laguna, Batangas , Tayabas , Negros Occidental , M indoro , Cebu , M isamis , Davao, Cotabato , Zamboanga .

Family MELIA CEA E .

Genu s CHISOCHETON

CHISOCHETON PENTA NDR US ( Blan co ) Merr . KATONG-MACHIN .

A description and figure Of this spec ies and its local namesare given in th e section on res ins , gums, and oils .

A n Oil extracted from the fruit of this species is used as ahair cosmetic .


A LEUR I T ES TR ISPERMA Blan co BAGILUMBANG.

A description and figure of this species and its local namesare given in th e section on res ins , gums , and Oils .

The oil extracted from th e seeds is an effective insecticide .

The sap Of th e bark is employed as a cure for scurf of th e head .

Genus BR EYNIA

BR EYNIA RHA MNO I DES (Reta ) Mu ell .-A rg . M ATANG-HIPON.

Lo cal nam es : Gungum ayi (B o n to c ) m atting-hip o n (Bu lacan , Man ila, and

vicin ity ) ; ma tang - o lang ( Tayabas ) ; m a tting -saga (Cuyo Island) ; m a tting

u lang ( Butuan ) ; san ting (Basilan ) ; sin tug ( Zam b o anga ) ; s il iTgu t- o lang

(Bisaya ) ; tangisan-bag io (Davao ) .

The bark is an astringent used to prevent hemorrhage .

D istribution : Very widely scattered throughout th e Philippines from northern Luzon to Basilan .

Genu s C I CCAC I CCA A C IDA (L. ) Merr .


Th e bark yields a decoction which is employed in bronchialcatarrh .

Genus CROTONCROTON T I GLI U M L . CROTON-OIL PLANT.

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local namesare g iven in th e section on res ins , gums , and oils .

Th e seeds and th e oil extracted from them are violently

drastic,and are used as revuls ives in cases of rheumatism and

cough . Th e plant is also used to poison fish .

Genus EUPHOR B I AEUPHOR B I A H I RTA L . GATA s-GATA S.

Lo cal nam es : B o to bo tén is,sayikan ( Tagalo g ) ; bo tto

’

n is (B o nto c ) ; bu

gayau (Sam ar ) ; buyayara ,tanana ( B isaya ) gatas

-

gatas (Tagalo g ,

Bisaya ) ; g o lo ndrina ( Span ish-F ilip in o ) m aga tas , m a limalis,

siSiOhan

( Pampanga ) m aragatas (Un io n ) ; s o ro -s o ro ( Cam arin es ) ; ta iras ( BatanesIslands ) ; taua—taua (Occ iden tal Negro s ) .

The entire plant is used as an antidote , be ing cons ideredhaemostatic, sedative , and so p o rific . In decoction it is veryefficac ious for allaying th e dyspnoea of asthmatics .

D istribution : Batanes to Basi lan .

EUPHOR B I A NER IIFOLIA L .

Lo cal nam es : Bait (Tagalo g ,Pam pangan , B isaya ) ; karim buaya (Bo n

to c ) ; s o ro s o’

ro , s o ro g-s o ro g (Tagalo g , Pam pangan ) .


A fluid extracted from th e roaste d leaves is used in earache .

D istribution : Cultivated in gardens ; apparently nowherespontaneous .

E U PHO R B I A THYM I FOL I A L .

Lo cal n am e s : Go landrina ( co rrupted Span ish ) ; m akikito t (B o n to c ) .

The leaves are commonly employed in poultices to counteractth e effe cts of b ites of poisonous snakes ; also as an effic ientvulnerary . Th e latex is sometimes used to diss ipate th e o pacityof th e cornea .

D istribution : Throughout th e Phil ippines in waste places alongroads and trails

,in fallow rice-paddies

, etc .

EUPHORB IA T IRUCA LLI L . CONSUELDA .

*

Lo cal nam e s : Ba liba li ( Ilo ilo ) ; co nsu élda ( Spanish ) ; gato n (Benguet ) ;ka tu it ( Tagalo g ) ; s o lda-s o

’

lda (Leyte ) ; s o lso ldéng ( Pangasinan ) ; s o ro

séro (Nueva Ecija, Bataan , Rizal, Ilo ilo ) ; s o su elolo ( Ilo co s N o rte and Sur,

A bra, Un io n ) ; su su érdo ( Zam bales ) su e lda -c o n su elda (Bulacan , Man ila,

Cavite , Cam arines Sur, Zambo anga ) ; su e ldo -c o n su éldo (Cam arin es ) ; su cr

do -co nsu e’

rdo ( Cagayan , Bataan , Mar indu qu e ) .

The stem s are u sed in poultices to aid th e heal ing of fractures of th e bones . The latex is said to be an energetic revu ls ive .

It is also employed as a cure for wounds . If allowed to get intothe eyes

,it is said to cau se bl indness .

D istribution : Northern Luzon to M indanao . Occasionallyplanted in gardens , but apparently nowhere spontaneous .

Genu s EXCOECA R I A

EXCO ECA R IA A GA LLOCHA L . BUTA -BUTA .

A description and figure of this species and its local namesare given in the section o n mangrove swamps .

The latex is known as a caustic ; neverthe less it is used inhealing obstinate . ulcers .

Genus HOMONOIA

HOMONOIA R I PA R IA Lo ur . MANCAGOS.

Lo cal nam es : A gOOi (Bulacan ) ; ag o io i (Nueva Ecija , Rizal, Tayabas ) ;agukuk, kag o iéi (Rizal ) ; dumanai (Tagalo g , Ilo k o ) ; luman ai ( Tagalo g ) ;ap o iéi, m an

‘

gag o s (Tayabas ) ; ba lan ti (Bataan ,Zambales ; haii

‘

gara i

( Sam ar ) ; liu'

h o n ( Sam bali ) ; lum anaia (Tagalo g ) ; m a labug o’

s,m iag o o k ,

m iagus (Occidental Negro s ) ; m anag o s (Mindo ro ) .

Th e Span ish nam e o f a Euro p ean m edicinal p lant (Sym p hytum o i

fic in a le L . ) which , in th e o rig inal fo rm o r vario u s co rruptio n s o f it, h as

beco m e th e alm o st un iversal nam e o f E up h o rbia tiruca lli in th e Philipp ine s .


In th e southern part of th e Philippine A rchipe lag o it is used ,l ike sar-saparilla,

as an effic ient stimulant in th e treatment of

certain venereal diseases . A decoction of th e roots is used asan em etic . Water running at th e foot of these shrubs is cons idered as having depurative properties .

D istribution : From northern Luzon to southern M indanao,on banks and in beds of streams .

Genus JA TROPHA

JA TROPHA CURCA S L . TOBANG-BAKOD OR PHYSIC NUT.

A description and figu re of this spec ies and its local namesare given in th e section on resins , gums, and Oils .

The Oil of th e seeds is a drastic purgative . A deco ctIo n of

the leaves is a good antidiarrh etic . A decoction of th e roots isalso used as a cure for diarrhea ; while that of th e leaves isemployed as a cough remedy . Th e bark of this plant is poundedsl ightly and placed in th e mouth as a cure for snake b ite . Itis apparently also applied to the b ites of variou s animals .

JA T ROPHA MULT I FIDA L . MANA.



The seeds are an energetic and dangerous cathartic . Their

use has be en almost abandoned in native medic ine .

Ge nus MA CA RA NGA

MA CA RA NGA GRA NDIFOLIA (Blanco ) Merr . BINGABING.

Lo cal n am es : B iluak ( Bataan ) ; bin‘

gabing ( Tagalo g ) ; binungas (Batangas )

Th e res in is used as an astringent gargle for ulcers in themouth .

D istribution : R izal,Bataan

,Batangas , Laguna, M indoro .

MA CA RA NGA TA NA R IUS (L . ) Muell. -A rg . BINI’

IR‘

GA .


The powdered root is used as an emetic in fevers . In deco ction , it is administered to cure haemoptys is .

Genu s MA LLOTUS

MA LLOT US PHILIPPENSIS (Lam . ) Muell .-A rg . BANATO.



Th e red glands Of th e fruit have been used as an antih erp etic .

but are more useful when taken internally as an anthelmintic .


Th e leaves , fresh and whole,are used externally in headache .

Th e seeds are purgative and are regarded as antirheumatic . Th e

leaves , cooked with milk , are em ployed in poultices for certainvarieties of ulcers .

Family ANA CARD IA CEA EGenus A NA CA R D I UM

A NA CA R D I UM OCC I DENTA LE L . KASUI o r CA SHEW NUT.


in th e section on res ins , gums , and Oils .

The oil of th e pericarp is used as a powerful escharotic .

Genus MA NG I FE RAMA NG I FE RA I ND I CA L . MANGGA o r MANGO.

Lo cal nam e s : Ma/mp ala (Balabac ) ; m am palang ( Basilan ) mangga ( Ilo

co s No rte and Sur, Cagayan , A bra , Benguet, B o n to c , Isabela, Vizcaya,

Un io n , Pangasinan , Nueva Ecija ,Tarlac , Zam bales , Pampanga ,

Bulacan ,

Rizal, Bataan , Laguna ,Cavite ,

Batangas , Tayabas , Cam arines , A lbay,Marinduque , Masbate , Leyte ,

Cebu ,Ilo ilo , A gusan ,

M isam is , C o tabato ,Davao

,Bas ilan ) ; pah o ( Ilo ilo , Cap iz ) ; pumangg a (Cuyo ) .

A decoction Of the root is cons idered diuretic . Th e barkand seeds are astringent . Th e leaves are prepared as a tea .

Th e res in is u sed as a cure for aphth o es .

D istribution : Cultivated throughout th e Phil ippines .

Genu s S EMECA R PUS

SEMECA R PUS CUNE I FO RM I S B lan ca LIGAS .


The oil of th e pericarp is used as a caustic or escharotic , andsometimes in th e treatment Of certa in indolent ulcers .

Genu s SPOND I A SSPOND I A S PUR PUR EA L . SINIGUELA S.

Lo cal nam es : Cimce’

las (Span ish , p lum s sargu élas (Ilo co s N o rte and

Sur , A bra ,Un io n , Cagayan ,

Pang asinan ,Zambales ) ; s in igu elas (Tagalo g

pro vinces , Marinduque ) ; s irigu ilas (B iko l p ro vin ce s , M isam is ) ; sirgu élas

( Ilo ilo , Cuyo ) .

A decoction of th e bark is an efficacious antidysenteric andis also used in cases of infantile tympanites .

D istribution : Cultivated fro m northern Luzon to M indanaoand Palawan .

Family CELA STRA CEAEGenu s C ELA STRUS

C ELA ST R US PA N I CULA TA W illd. LAN‘

GITfi IT.

Lo cal n am e s : Lagu e te , lai’l‘

gitn‘

g it ( Tagalo g ) .

A description of this species is given in th e section on res ins .gum s

,and oils .

MEDIC INAL USES OF PLANTS 203

Th e seeds when pulverized are administered as an antirheumatic , and are also used in cases of paralys is . Th e sap Of

the leaves is given as an antidote in cases of Opium poisoning .

D istribution : Northern Luzon to southern M indanao .

Genu s LOPHOPETA LUM

LOPHOPETA LUM TOX ICUM Lo her . A BI'

JAB .

Lo cal nam es : A biiab, ban tig i (Tagalo g ) ; dayandang (Mindo ro ) ; dita

( Tagalo g , B iko l ) ; a libam ban‘

g'

an (Davao ) ; p u ti-i babaye and la lake (La

nao ) ; tando"

(Zam bo anga )

Th e thickened sap of th e bark is used by the Negritos andother hillmen to poison th e tips of the i r arrows .

D istribution : Central Luzon to Zamboanga .

Family H IPPOCRA TEA CEAE

Genus SA LA C IAI

SA LA C IA PR I NO I DES (W illd. ) DC. MATANG-ULANG.

Lo cal nam e : Ma tting -ti lting (Tagalo g ) .

Th e roots are use d in decoction in cases Of amenorrhea and

dysmenorrhea . They are regarded as an abortive .

D istribution : Widely distributed in th e Philipp ines .

Family ICA CINA CEA E .

Ge nus GONOCA RYUM

GONOCA RYUM‘

CA LLERYA NUM (Ba ill. ) Becc . TAIITCANC-BABUI.

_L o cal nam es : A mpdleng , g o zzang -ka liiTga ( Isabela ) ; bito tu (Tayabas ) ;busigan (Cagayan ) ; duha tduhatan (Bataan ) ; karas o ko (Cagayan ) ; lunas( Bataan , Rizal, Laguna ) ; ma lag o zzan ( Isabela ) ; ma laikmO- la laki (NuevaEcija ) ; ma laikm o

’

( Bataan ,Bu lacan ,

Batangas , Tayabas ) ; m a lap andakaki

( Zambales , Tayabas ) m a lapinggan (Laguna ) ; m aragauak, m aragau éd

( Cagayan ) ; m a lasam a t ( Cagayan ,Bataan ) ; m a la tapai ( Cam arines ) ; ro g

ro g s o'

(Un io n ) ; taiiTga iTg -babu i ( Tayabas ) ; s a ling -ba to'

(Laguna ) ; uratan

( I lo co s N o rte ) ; ydya ( Cagayan ) .

Hunting-dogs after having been subjected to th e smoke ofthe burning flowers or fruits of this species are said to be verygood at catching wild hogs or deer . This plant is said to beused as a cure for stomach troubles .

D istribution : Batanes Islands and all provinces of Luzon .

Common in virgin forests at low and medium altitudes .

Family SA PINDA CEA E

Genu s CA RD IOSPERMUM

CA R D I OSPE RMUM HA L I CACA BUM L . var . M I CROCA R PUM. LAGUPOK .

Lo cal nam es : A ngelica ( Ilo ilo ) ; bangkilo ng (Tag alo g ) : far6l (Span ishF ilip in o ) ; lag up ék ( Cuyo ) ; lo bo -lo béhan (Batangas ) ; p a lp altéo g ( Ilo co s


Sur ) ; p a ltak-uaka ( Zambales ) ; p altah -

p altukan ( Pam panga ) ; p apu tu lcan(C-avite ) ; p aria-as o (Un io n ) ; p arparia

’

. ( Ilo co s No rte ) ; purpurao k (Pan

gasinan ) .

A decoction of th e root is regarded as diaphoretic , and is usedfor catarrh Of th e b ladder . Th e leaves are cons idered antirheumatic whether taken internal ly in the form Of a beverageor applied externally in Oil embrocations .

D istribution : Batanes Islands to Zamboanga .

Genu s DODONA EADODONA EA V I SCOSA (L . ) Jacq . KA sIRAG.

L o cal n am es : A lipata ( Tagalo g ) ; dumanai (Benguet ) ; hagu i—i’

ti (Tayabas ) ; ka lap inai ( Tagalo g ) ; kas irag ( Sambali) ; ligad ( Palawan ) ; tabau(Tayabas ) .

Th e bark employed in decoction is an efficac ious astringent inhumid eczema and for healing simple ulcers . It is also co n sid

ered a good febrifuge .

D istribution : Cagayan,I locos Norte , A bra, Bontoc , Benguet,

I locos Sur, Pangas inan ,Zambales , Bataan , Tayabas , Sorsogon,

Mindoro,Palawan .

Genus GUIOAGU IOA KO E LR EUT ER I A (Blan co ) Merr . (G. Perr o tte tn Radlk . ) A LAHAN .

Lo cal nam es : A lahan , a lasan , bilde-m ariang -itim , mamalis , n isi-n isi (Ba

taan ) ; anang i n ,m alasarTg i (Rizal) ; ang s ét ( Ilo co s Sur ) ; ban

‘

g’

il, gisi-g is i,

m a lahabi ( Zambales ) basai (Gu imaras Island) bu sikag (Balabac Island)cha (Cebu ) ; imalis , kan ingn ing (M indo ro ) ; kamu télen

, pamu télen ,

vibres

( Pangasinan ) ; m a lanas (Nueva Ecija ) ; fig'

isi-n‘

gisi ( Zambales Bataan ,

M indo ro ) ; paksio n ( Ilo ilo ) salab (Laguna,Tayabas , Po lillo ) ; sa la b (Ba

taan, Rizal, Po lillo ) ; uas , uwo

'

ls ( Ilo co s No rte ) ; u las (Benguet ) .

A n Oil extracted from th e seed is used in the cure of certainskin diseases .

D istribution : Northern Luzon to southern M indanao .

Genus HA RPULLIA

HA RPU LL I A A R BOR EA (Blan co ) Radlk . UAS.

A description of this Species and its local names are given inthe section on soap substitutes .

Th e bark and fruits are used to prevent leech b ites . Th e

bark is also used as a substitute for E ntada p haseo lo ides as a

hair tonic . It contains an active substance which stupefies and

kills fish . The oil of the seeds is sometimes use d as an antirheumatic .

Genus LEPIDOPETA LUM

LEPIDOPETA LUM PER ROTTET II ( Camb . ) Blum e . DAFIL.

Lo cal nam e s : B igas ( Occiden tal Negro s ) ; dap il (Nueva Ec ija ) dila

dila ( Pampanga ) m alakakao ( Zambo anga ) marinsian o , paga-paga (Co ta


Family VITA CEAE

Genu s C I SSUSC I SSUS Q UA DRA NGULA R I S L . SUGPON-SUGPON .

Lo cal nam es : Sugp o n -sugp on ,su lp a-su lp a (B isaya ) .

The sap is applied in the form of .dI‘Op S in cases Of otorrhea

and epistaxis . It is also used as an alterative in irregularitiesof menstruation .

D istribution : Luzo n (Cagayan , Batangas , R izal ) , Negros ,Cebu , Siquijor . In dry thickets in and about towns at lowaltitudes .

Genus COLUMELLA

COLUMELLA TR IFOL I A (L. ) Merr . A RIUAT.

Lo cal n am es : A riua t (Un io n ) ; grap o ko l, kabilan‘

, kalit—kalit (Tagalo g ) ;kagun di, kikindi

, lagin i, language, lup o (B isaya ) ; kali’

l t-p am o ( Pangasin an ) .

Th e leaves yield a decoction which is cons idered as antisco rbutic . The sap of th e leaves .is regarded as having s imilarproperties .

D istribution : Bontoc, Union,Pampanga, Bulacan , R izal

,

Manila , Laguna , Tayabas , Cam arines , A lbay, M indoro , Biliran ,I loilo, Negros , Cebu , Palawan , M isamis , Lanao , Davao .

Genu s LE EALE EA A C U LEA TA Blum e . MALI-MALI

Lo cal nam es : Am amali ( Sam ar, A gusan ) ; ba linaunau (Tayabas ) ; hara(Lagun a ) ; kem amale, m emam ofle ( Bukidn o n ) ; m a li—m a li (Laguna ) ; m a

malig (Co tabat o ) ; sip it-kanig (Tayabas ) .

Th e leaves are said to be used for purifying bad blood .

D istribution : Babuyanes Islands and northern Luzon to M indanao and Palawan , in most or all th e islands and provinces .

Common in thickets and second-gro wth forests , especially alongstream s at low and medium a ltitudes .

LE EA MA NILLENS IS W alp . AMAMALI.

Lo cal nam es : A bang-abang ( Laguna ) ; a lum an i (Un io n ) ; a lum aman i

(A bra ,Ilo co s Sur, Lepan to ) ; amamal ( Pangasinan ) ; a/mamali (B isaya ) ;

ayam an -kilat (Zambales ) ; ka llakal ( Ig o ro t in Benguet ) ; kalian tang (Ba

taan ) ; ka lian tan (Mindo ro ) ; hu latai ( Palawan ) ; mali-m ali ( Pampanga,Laguna ) ; m am arTga l (Palawan ) ; talian tan (Rizal, Bataan , Cavite ) ; tumbo su t (Occidenta l Negro s ) ; u o dadin (Batanes Islands ) .

The roo ts , branches , and leaves , used in decoction , are con»

sidered vulnerary .

D istribution : Very common throughout th e Philippines .


Genus T ETRA ST IGMAT ETRA ST IGMA HA RMA NDII Planch .

A desc ription of this species and its local names are given inth e section on food plants .

A decoction of this plant is taken internally as a powerfuldiuretic . A lso , it is employed externally as a lotion to curescab ies .

Family T'

ILIA CEA E

Genus CORCHORUS

CORCHOR US A CUTA NGULUS Lam . PA SAU NA HABA’.

Lo cal nam es : Pasau na haba’(Tagalo g ) ; sa lsa lilyu t (Un io n ) .

The seeds are employed in th e same manner as are those ofCo rch o rus cap su laris , and for the same affections .

D istribution : I locos NOrte , Bontoc, Unio n , Bataan , R izal , Mani la, Laguna , M indoro , Palawan , Lanao .

CO RCHOR US CA PSULA R I S L . PASAU NA BILOG.

A desc ription of this species and its local names are given inth e section on fiber plants .

Th e leaves are used as a cure for headache . The seeds , e itheras a po wder or in decoction , are used as a tonic , carminative andfebrifuge .

CORCHOR US OL I TO R IUS L . PASAU o r J UTE .

A description of this spec ies and its local names are given inthe section on fiber plants .

Th e seeds are said to be employed as a purgative .

Genu s M UNT INGIAM UNT I NG I A CA LA BU RA L . DATILES.

A des cription of this species and its local names are given in

th e section on fiber plants .

The flowers are used in infus ion in the same manner as are

those of Tilia euro paea .

Genu s T R I U M FETTA

T R I UMFETTA BA RTRA M IA L . KULOT-KULOTAN .

A description of this species and its local names are given inth e sec tion on fiber plants .

Th e roots and leaves are'

used in decoction as an emoll ient in

th e same manner as are Urena,A butilo n

,etc . It is a lso em

ployed as an antiblennorrhagic .


Fam i ly MALVA CEA E

Genu s A BELMOSCHUS

A BELMOSCHUS MOSCHA TUS Medic KASTULI’.

Lo cal nam es : Da lup ang ,kas tio kas ti o gan , kas tuli

’(Tagalo g ) ; dukiim ,

m arikum,m aro p o to , sap in it (B isaya ) ; kalup i ( Tayabas , Lagun a ) ; has to

kas to lian ( Pam p anga ) .

Th e seeds after be ing pounded and prepared in decoction are

administered as a diuretic, tonic and carminative . A mucilag

in o us decoction of th e root and leaves is used in th e treatm ent

of g o norrh ea . Th e seeds are also employed as. an antihysteric .

D istribution : Bataan , Manila, Laguna , Tayabas , Sorsogon ,Catanduanes , Capiz , Camigu in Island , Surigao , Bukidnon , Palmas Islands .

Genus A BU T ILON

A BUT I LON I ND I CUM (L. ) Sweet GILIfi -GILIN‘

GAN .

Lo cal n am es : Du ltlp ang , m a lvas de ca s tilla , ma luis ( B isaya ) ; g ilinggilin

‘

gan , kuakuako han ,kuako -kuako han ( Tagalo g ) ; lu lupau ( Ilo co ) ; lup

luppau (Un io n ) ; m a lvas ( Cagayan ,Man ila, M indo ro , A gusan ) ; marbas

(Tayabas , Po lillo , A gusan ) ; taratakiip is (Bisaya ) ; gam p ong (B isaya ) .

Th e leaves yield an emollient decoction .

D istribution : Northern Luzon to M indanao .

Genus H I B I SC U S

H I B I SCUS ESCU LENTUS L . OKRA .

A syrup which is useful in sore throat attended with hoarseness is made from the muci lag inous fruit .

H I B I SCUS MUTA B I L I S L . MAPULA.

Lo cal n am es : Am ap o la ( Span ish fo r p o ppy s o called in Man ila ) ; ma

pu la ( Tagalo g , B iko l ) .

The flowers are cons idered pectoral when employed in deco c

tion .

D istribution : Reported from Manila, Laguna,Camarines ,

M isamis , Surigao , Davao , but probably found cultivate d in manyother regions .

H I B I SCUS ROSA -S I NENS I S L . GUMAMELA .

Lo cal nam es : A ro gan‘

gan , an to langan ,kayanga , gum am éla , tap o lo n

'

ga ,

tarakan‘

gan ,tau ran

‘

g’

an (Tagalo g , Pam panga ,Bisaya ) gum amela (Tayabas,

Manila and v icin ity, Basilan ) ; kayan‘

ga (B o nto c ) ; kagan‘

ga-ro sa ( Ilo ko ) .

The roots , bark , leaves and flowers in decoction are used as anemollient .

D istribution : Cultivated in almost all provinces .


Th e entire plant in decoction is used as a specific forgonorrhea .

D istribution : Union , Pangas inan , Bataan , R izal , Manila ,Laguna .

Genu s THESPES IA

THESPES I A POPU LNEA (L . ) So land. BANALO.

Lo cal nam es : B anag o , m a libag o , tu batu ba (Tayabas ) ; banalo ( Cavite ) ;babili-g ilba t (Tagalog ) ma lo bag o (Zamb o anga ) m arabag o ( Ilo co s No rte )valo (Batanes Islands ) .

A decoction Of th e bark is regarded as alterative if adm in istered internally . It is used externally as an embrocation . A

decoction of th e leaves is reputed to be emollient and a cure foritches . Th e ju ice of th e fruit is sometimes used in certainherpetic diseases .

D istribution : Batanes Islands to Bas i lan .

Genu s UR ENA

U R ENA LO BA TA L . KOLLOKOLLOT.

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local names areg iven in th e section on fiber plants .

Th e roots and leaves are emollient when prepared as a deco ction .

Family BOMBA CA CEA EGenus BOMBA X

BOMBA X C E I BA L . MALABI'

ILAK.

A description Of this spec ies and its l ocal names are given


Th e roots are cons idered astringent, restorative , alterative,and aphrodis iac . They are used as a restorative in pth isis .

The gum is very astringent .

Genus C E IBA

C E I BA PENTA NDRA (L . ) Gaertn . COTTON TREE o r KAPOK .

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local names areg iven in th e section on res ins , gum s , and Oi ls .

Th e tender fruit is used as an em oll ient . Th e bark is employedas a vomitive . This bark is preferred to that of th e m alabulak

(B o m bax ceiba ) as an aphrodis iac . Brewed into a decoction itis regarded as a specific in febrile catarrh .

Family STERCULIA CEA EGenu s A BROMA

A BROMA FA STUOSA Jacq . ANABO.



The root is frequently used as an efl‘icient emmenagogue

,espe

cially in th e different form s of dysmenorrhea . Its use usuallygives speedy rel ief .

Genus KLE INHOV IAKLE INHOVIA HOSP I TA L . TAN-AG.


in the section on fiber plants .

Th e bark and leaves are poisonous . In Marinduque theyare used to poison eels . A decoction of th e leaves is said to beantiscab ious .

Genu s PENTA PET ES

PENTA PET ES PHOENIC EA L . FLORES DE LA S DOCE .

Lo cal nam e : A las do ce (Un io n ,Tayabas ) .

The fruit in decoction is used as an emollient .

D istribution : Cagayan , Union,Bataan

,Laguna

,Tayabas

,

Negros , Samar, Surigao , Davao, Cotabato .

Genu s PTEROCYMB IUM

PTEROCYMBIUM T INCTO R I U M (B lanco ) Merr . TALUTO.

A description and figure Of this spec ies and its local namesare given in the section on fiber plants .

The bark and th e fruit are p o isonous .

Genu s PT EROSPERMUM

PT EROSPERM UM D I V E RSIFOLIUM Blum e . BAYOK .


The bark and flowers charred and mixed with the glands ofMallo tus p h ilipp inensis are employed in smallpox to cause sup

puratio n .

Genus ST E RCUL I AST ERCULIA FO ET IDA L . KALUMPANG.

A description and figure of this. spec ies and its local names aregiven in the section on res ins , gum s , and oils .

A decoction of th e bark is used in cases of dropsy and rheumatism as an aperient, diaphoretic and diuretic . A decoction of thefruit is astringent .

Genus THEO BROMATHEOBROMA CA CA O L . CACAO.

A decoction brewed from th e root is an emmenagogue and isregarded as ecbolic .

D istribution : Bontoc, Lepanto, Manila , M indoro , Pol illo Is land ,Leyte , Surigao , Lanao , Palawan , Cotabato .


Genus W A LTHER I A

W A LTHER IA A M ER ICANA L . BARUBAD.

Lo c al nam es : Barubad (Un io n ) ; kanding -ka/nding (Occidental Negro s ) .

This plant is cons idered as a febrifuge and also as an antisyphilitic .

D istribution : I locos Norte , Nueva Vizcaya , Bontoc, Union ,Bulacan , Bataan , R izal , Cavite, Laguna , Batangas , Camarines ,M indoro , Negros Occidental , A ntique , Culion , Palawan .

Fami ly D ILLENIA CEAE

Genus D I LLENIA

DILLEN IA PH I LIPP I NENS I S Ro lfe KATMON .

A description and figure of this species and its local names aregiven in th e section on food plants .

The aci d juice of the fruit, when mixed with sugar, is used as acough cure . It is also employed for cleans ing th e hair .

Family GUTTIFFERAE

Genus CA LOPHYLLUM

CA LOPHYLLU M BLA NCOI Pl. Tr . BITANHOL.

A description of this species and its local names are given in th esection on dyes .

The sap of the bark of this plant, espec ially when mixed withsulphur, is used locally as a cure for boils and wounds . A clothkept moist with th e sap is applied on th e breast of a patient suffering from asthma .

CA LOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM L . BITAOG o r PALOMARIA DE LA PLAYA .

A description and figure of this species and its local namesare given in th e section on res ins , gums , and oi ls .

Th e Oil obtained from th e seeds and the Cleo-res in fro m th e

bark form a very energetic cicatrizant ; the latter is used as abalsamic in affections of th e lungs . The leaves are used to cureaffections of th e eye . The oleo-res in is employed on wounds .

Water in which th e leaves have been pre ssed is said to be an

efficient astringent against hemorrhoids .

Ge nus CRATOXYLON

CRATOXYLON BLA NCOI ( Blum e ) Mus . GUYUNG-GUYUNG.

Lo cal nam es : B’an s ila i ( Surig ao ) ; baringko kéro ng ( Ilo co s Sur, NuevaEcija ,

Pangasinan , Camarin es ) ; guyung-

g iiyung ( Pangasinan , Cavite ,

Rizal,Basilan ) ; kan s ilan ( Bisaya ) kan silai ( Pangasinan , Negro s Occiden

tal, Negro s Oriental ) ; ag ing (Abra ) ; o rin‘

go n (Masbate ) ; p agu lin‘

gin


D istribution : Laguna, Tayabas , Camarines, Catanduanes, Samar

, Sibuyan , Leyte, Panay, M indanao, J0 10 . In primary fore stsat low and medium altitudes .

Genu s W I KSTRO EM I A

W I KST ROEM I A OVA TA C . A . Mey. ROUND-LEAF SALAGO.

A description Of this species and its local names are given inthe section on fiber plants .

Th e leaves are em etO-cathartic, and are dangerous to administer . Th e fresh bark or branches of this plant are tied aboutthe neck of a patient to rel ieve bronchial catarrh .

Family LYTHRA CEA E

Genus A MMA NNIA

A MMANNIA BA CC I FE RA L . A POI-APOIAN .

Lo cal names : A p o i-ap éian (Pangasinan , Rizal ) ; p arap it angg it (Pam

panga ) ; bias -pug o’(Tagalo g ) .

This plant is caustic, and is used s imilarly to cantharides as asubstitute fo r bl istering plaste r .

D istribution : In open wet places , o ld rice fields , etc . , through

out the Phil ippines .

Genu s LAW SONIA

LA W SON I A INERM I S L . HENNA PLANT o r CINAMOMO.

Lo cal nam e : Cin am o’

m o ( Span ish-F ilip in o ) .

This shrub is sa id to be antih erp etic , but is rarely used .

Distribution : Cultivated for ornamental purposes in mosttowns in th e Philippines , but scarce ly natural ized .

Family LECYTH IDA CEA E

Genus BA R R I NGTON I A

BA R R I NGTON I A A CUTA NGULA (L. ) Gaertn . KALAMBUAIA .

Lo cal nam es : Ka lam buaia (Pangasinan ) la ti’

l ba,tuba ( Cagayan ) putad

(Pam panga, Laguna ) ; puta t (Nu eva Ecija, Bataan , Pam panga , Rizal, Laguna ,

Cam arin es , M indo ro ) ; sako (A gu san ) .

Th e bark of this species is said to be used on wounds .

D istribution : Wide ly distributed in th e Philippines alongs treams , in thickets , etc .

BA R R I NGTON I A A S I A T I CA (L. ) Kurz BOTONG.

A description of this species and its local names are given inth e section on res ins , gums , and Oi ls .

Th e fruit is employed to stupefy fish . Th e - leaves when freshare used in topicals for rheumatism . The seeds are employed

as a vermifuge .


BA R R I NGTON I A RAC EMOSA (L. ) Blum e PUTAT.

A description of this spec ies and its local names are given inth e section on res ins , gums , and Oi ls .

Th e bark is used externally in decoction as an antirheumatic .

Family COMBRETA CEAE

Genus LUMNITZERA

LUMNITZERA RA C EMOSA W illd. KULASI.A description of this Spec ies and its local names are given in

the section on mangrove swamps .

A fluid substance which is Obtained from incis ions made in thestem is employed , mixed with coconut oil , as an antih erp etic and

a cure for itches .

Genu s Q U I SQUA L I SQU I SQUA L I S IND I CA L . TAN

‘

GOLON.

Lo cal nam e s ; B abi-babe ( Pam panga ) ; ba litadhan (Bisaya ) ; n iugn‘

iiiga/n

(Tagalo g ) ; p inon es (B isaya ; ) ta lo lo ng , tan‘

g’

alo n (Marindu que ) ; ta nfg’

o'

lo n

( Tagalo g , B iko l, B isaya ) ; tartarao k ( Ilo ko ) ; to rto rao k (Tagalo g ) .

Th e fruit is used as a'

vermifuge . Th e plant is also used asa cough cure .

D istribution : Common and very wide ly distributed in th e Philipp ines .

Genu s TERMINA L I A

T E RM I NA LIA CA LA MA NSA NA I (Blanca) Ro lfe MALAKALUMPIT.

Lo cal nam es : Am cirg o ( Ilo co s Sur ) ; bangka lauag ,ka lam an sanai ( Taga

lo g ) ; bun lo s (Rizal) ; kalam ansali ( Zambales , Nueva Ecija ) ; ka lum p it

( Tayabas, Bataan ) ; lanki’

ly (Surigao ,A gu san ) ; m aga talisai (Masbate ) ;

m aban ti’

i t ( Bataan ) ; ma laka lump it (Bataan , Laguna , Cam arines ) ; pa

n‘

ga lu ssiten (Abra ) ; saka t'

(Nu eva Ecija ) ; saket ( Benguet ) ; salisai (Lanao ) ; sam buraga t ( Palawan ) ; sap lid (Surigao ) ; talisai ( Co tabato ) .

The bark is astringent and is used bo th internally and external ly . It is known to have l ithotriptic qualities .

D istribution : Very widely distributed from northern Luzonto Cotabato .

T ERMINA L I A CATA PPA L . TALISAI.

A description and figure of this Spec ies and its local namesare given in th e section on res ins , gums , and o i ls .

Th e red leaves are used to expel worms , while the fruit is saidto contain a purgative substance . The leaves are mixed withOil and rubbed on th e breast to cure pain . The bark isastringent and is used against gastric fevers and b i l ious diarrhea , also as an antidysenteric . Th e sap of the tender leavesmixed and cooked with th e oil of th e kerne l is , according to P .

Blanco, a spec ific against leprosy .


T ERMINA LIA COMINTA NA (Blanco ) Merr . BINGGAS.

Lo cal nam es : Bang le’

s (Nueva Ecija ) ; bangias , h inabuai (M indo ro ) ;bingga

’

s (Bataan ,Zambo anga ) ; bo n

‘

gas ( Leyte , Occ idental Negro s ) ;ding las ( Tagalo g ) ; lasila ( Cagayan ) ; las ilak (Cagayan , Ilo co s Sur ) ;lasila t (A payao ) ; m ag lo lo p o z ( Pangasinan ) ; n ag hubo , sap luiigan (Rizal) ;rubian (Laguna ) ; tir o ro

’

n (Camarines ) ; yunu -yunu ( Surigao ) .

Th e fruit is astringent and is used in decoction to cure thrushand obstinate diarrhea .

D istribution : In nearly all parts of th e Philippines from Ca

gayan to Zamboanga .

T ERM I NA L I A EDUL I S Blan ca KALUMPIT.

ga s

A description and figure of Th i s sp ec Ies and its local namesare given in the section on food plants .

Th e fru it is used in eye washes in th e same manner as thefruit of aroma (A casia farn esiana ) . It is also used in lotionsin cases of humid herpetism or eczema .

Family MYRTA CEAE

Genu s DECA SPERMUM

DECA SPERMUM FR U T ICOSUM Fo rst . PATALSIK.

Lo cal nam es : Ag em ,agim a babae ( Cagayan ) ; a lungkagai (B isaya ) ;

pata lsilc (Laguna ) ; dugayo’

n, salilihan (Dinagat Island) ; guyo ng -

guyo ng

(Po lillo I sland) ; kamigrin ( Lanao ) ; kansilai (Zambo anga ) ; ku las i ( B isaya ) ; kulis , malag iting -

giting ,tag om

-t'

ag om (Rizal ) ; lardu ,sa li ng si ngan

( Benguet ) ; taro nfga tifigan ( Samar ) .

The fruit is used as a remedy for stomach pains .

D istribution : Common from the Batanes Islands to Bas i lan .

Genu s EUGENIA

EUGEN I A CUM I N I (L . ) Dru ce (E . jam bo lana DI'

JHAT.

A description of this species and its local names are given inth e section on food plants .

The bark in decoction is astringent. Th e leaves steeped inalcohol , and the seeds when pulverized, are used as an efficaciousremedy in diabetes . Th e fruits , cooked to a thick jam , are saidto be an efficient astring ent in acute diarrheas .

Genus PS I D I UMPS I D I UM GUA J AVA L . GUAVA o r BAYABA S.

A description and figure of this species and its local namesare given in the section on food plants .

Th e bark and leaves are astringent, vulnerary, and when usedin decoction are antidiarrh etic .


Family UMBELLIFERA EGenu s A P I UM

A P I UM GRAVEOLENS L . CELERY o r APIO.

Lo cal n am es : Ap io ( Span ish ) ; kin in tsai (Chin ese-Tagalo g ) ; kim chai o r

kin tsai ( Chin ese ) .

Th e decoction of th e entire plant is'

said to be diuretic andan emmenag ogue .

D istribution : Reported only from Benguet ; also cultivatedby Chinese gardeners about Manila .

Genus CA RUMCA R UM COPT I CUM ( L. ) Ben th . DAMORO.

Lo cal n am es : Dam éro (Tagalo g ) ; lam udio (Batangas ) .

Th e fruits are employed with “buyo for chewing when carminative effects are des ired.

D istribution : Manila and Batangas .

Genu s C ENT ELLAC ENT ELLA A S I A T I CA (L. ) Urban (Hydro co tyle asia tica L . )

TAKIP-KOHOL .

A description of this Spec ies and its local names are given

in th e section on Ofl‘icial medicinal plants .

Th e sap of th e leaves is employed as a curative for woundsof th e sclerotic . Th e decoction is cons idered a diuretic and issaid to be useful in gonorrhea .

Genu s COR I A NDRUM

COR I A NDR UM SA T IVUM L . CORIANDER o r CULANTRO.

Lo cal nam es : Cu lan tro ( Sp an ish ) ; o ng s o’

i (Chinese ) .

A n infus ion of th e fruits is used to cure dyspeps ia . When

pounded,they are inhaled to diss ipate g iddiness .

D istribution : Collected only from Union ; commonly cultivatedby Chinese market gardeners of Manila .

Genus FOEN I CULUMFO EN I CULUM VULGA R E Gaertn . FENNEL.

Lo cal nam e s : A n is (Man ila and vicinity ) ; haras (Tagalo g ) .

Th e fruit in infus i o n is carminative .

D istribution : Manila and vicinity , Negr o s Oriental , M isamis .

Family ERICA CEA EGe nu s RHODODENDRON

R HODODENDRON V I DA L I I Ro lfeLo cal n am e : A ya lea ( Ifugao ) .

This plant is used as a cure for itches .

D istribution : Isabe la , Cagayan , A bra , Ifugao , Bontoc , Bataan ,Laguna , Tayabas .


Family MYRSINA CEA E

Genus A RDISIA

A RDIS I A BOISS IE R I A . D. C . TAGPO.



Th e leaves are used on wounds .

Family PLUMBA GINA CEA E

Genu s PLUMBAGO

PLUMBAGO I ND ICA L . (P. ro sea PAMPA SAPIT.

Lo cal n am es : Ha iTgad n‘

g’

babac (Bataan ) ; laurél (Man ila , Cam ari

nes ) ; p an ting -p an ting ( C o tabato ) ; p amp asapit (Tagalo g ) .

The roots are scraped and employed in poultices for headache .

The bark is a very effe ctive b l istering plaster, and is applied toth e spine in ce rtain fevers . It is also said to be an antidyspeptic .

D istribution : Bataan , Manila , Camarines , Laguna , Palawan ,Cotabato .

PLUM BAGO Z EYLANICA L . SANGDIKIT.

L o cal nam es : Bangbang , ta langkau ( Ilo k o ) ; sampaga (Laguna ) ; sang

dihit, sangdidikit ( Tagalo g ) .

Th e p ounded roots are used for b l istering . In decoction theyare employed as an antiscab ious remedy . They are said also tobe ecbol ic .

D istribution : Northern and central Luzon , Palawan , Zamboanga .

Family SA POTA CEAE

Genus BASSIA

BA SS I A BET IS (Blanco ) Merr . BETIS.

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local namesare given in th e section on res ins , gums, and Oi ls .

The bark and leaves of this plant are said to be useful forcuring th e stomach pains of chi ldren . Th e latex applied tothe abdomen is said to expe l worms . The powder of the barkprovokes sneezing .

Genus M IMUSOPSM IM USOPS PA RVIFOL I A R . Br . (M. e leng i L . ) BANSALAGIN .

A desc ription and figure of this species and its local namesare given in th e section on Official medicinal plants .

Th e bark , as we l l as th e unripe fruit , yie lds a powerfulastringent remedy . Both are used as a g argle to strengthenth e gums . They are further employed in lotions for ulcers , andin urethral injections for gonorrhea .


Family EBENA CEA EGenus D I OSPYROS

DIOSPYROS E BENA ST ER Retz . ZAPOTE .

Lo cal names : Za496te o r zap o te n egro (Mexican,in all regio n s where

fo und) .

Th e pounded bark and leaves are employed as a bl iste ringplaster .

D istribution : I locos Norte , Ilocos Sur, Isabela , Nueva E cija,Pampanga, Bulacan , Bataa n , Manila, Cavite .

D I OSPY ROS MULT I FLO RA Blanca KANOMOI.

Lo cal n am es : Dup in‘

gan, kam ém i (Nueva Ecija ) ; kan oma i,kaném ei

( I lo co s Sur , Un io n , Pangasinan ) ; Icanum ai,kaném o i (Rizal) ; kanam i

(Bataan ) .

Th e bark and leaves are caustic, and are used as a cure forfurfuraceous herpes , ringworm , etc .

D istribution : Luzon , th e Visayas , M indanao .

Family OLEA CEA EGenus JA SMINUM

JA SM I NUM SA MBA C (L. ) A lt . SAMPAGITA .

L o cal nam es : Habar (Balabac ) ; kam p ép o t ( Pam panga, Man ila ) ; ku

latai ( Pam panga ) ; lum abo , m a lul ( Co tabato ) ; m anul (B isaya ) ; sampaga(Tagalo g ) ; sampagita (Span ish-F ilip in o ) ; sampag ita do ble ( Span ishF ilip in o ) .

Th e fiowers are applied as a poultice to th e breasts of womento reduce th e secretion of milk .

D istribution : Cagayan , Bontoc , Lepanto , Pangas inan , Pampanga, Tarlac, Manila , Laguna , Cam arines , Palawan , M isamis ,Davao , Cotabato, Zamboanga, Bas i lan .

Family LOGANIA CEAEGenus BUDDLE I A

BUDDLE I A A S I A T I CA Lo ur . TALIKNONO.

Lo cal nam es : Ammug in (Beng uet ) ; lag i'

lndi-sa lasa (Bisaya ) ; laki en -ti

su busu b (Un io n ) ; m alasam béng (Tagalo g ) ; m a ligus (B o nto c ) ; sam bong

ko’

la (Rizal, Tayabas ) ; ta liknén o (Tagalo g ) ; to kman (A bra ) ; tugnang

( Ilo ko ) .

This plant is used locally for abo rtion . A lso it is used inskin diseases and as a cure for loss of we ight .D istribution : Northern Luzon to southern M indanao .

Genus FA GRA EA

FAGRA EA COCH I NCH I NENS I S (Lo ur . ) A . Chev .

Lo cal nam es : Dalo , teka ( Palawan ) ; su su lin (M indo ro ) ;( Palawan ) .

Th e bark is used as a febrifuge, espec ially in agues .

D istribution : M indoro , Palawan .


sin an ) ; ba tin o (Tayabas , Laguna ,Rizal, Batangas , M indo ro ) ; itang -itang

(Gu im aras Island) ; kuyau-kuyau ,

m a la tapai (Cam arin es ) p arTga lis o k

léen ( Pangasinan ) ; paiTga lam ii tien , p an‘

g’

alanud-dien ( Ilo co s No rte ) ; su lu

silhigan ( Palawan ) ; tam ba l-ti’

in‘

gan ( Tawi-Tawi) ; taiTgitang ( Cap iz ) .

The bark is used in th e same manner as is that of dita(A lsto nia sch o laris ) .

D istribution : Throughout th e Philippines , from Cagayan to

Tawi-Tawi .

A LSTON I A SCHOLA R IS (L . ) R . Br.

Lo cal n am es : A lipau in ( I lo co s N o rte ) andarayan , dilupao n ( Cagayan )bita ( Ilo ilo ) ; da lipau en ,

lipau en (A bra , Ilo c o s Sur , Amburayan subpro v

ince ) ; dita ( Zambales , Tarlac, Tayabas , Rizal, Laguna, Bataan ,Batangas ,

Cam arines , M indo ro ,So rso g o n , Samar

,Leyte

, Sibuyan Island,Negro s ) .

A decoction of th e bark is used as a tonic and febrifuge andis said to be an emmenagogue , antich o leric and vulnerary .

D istribution : Very common throughout Luzon and th e Visayan Islands .

Genus C ER BE RA

CER BE R A MA NCHA S L . BARAIBAI.

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local namesare given in th e section on mangrove swamps .

Th e seeds are tox ic , and are used in fishing in small streams .

Genu s KIBATA LIA

KIBATA LIA BLA NCOI (Ro lfe ) Merr . PA SNfT.

Lo cal nam es : Kagpaaian ( Ilo co s Sur ) ; lan e téng -gu bat ( Batangas ) ;

laniti ( Gu im aras , Neg ro s ) ; p asn it ( Ilo c o s Sur ) ; tibig (Cavite , Batangas ) .

Th e leaves are used to cover the head in case of headache .

D istribution : Cagayan , I locos Sur, Cavite, Laguna , Batangas ,Leyte , Guimaras Island, Negros .

Genus LOCHNERA

LOCHNERA ROS EA (L . ) Re ichb . ATAI-BIA.

Lo cal nam es : Chich irica (Span ish-F ilip in o ) ; kum in tang (Bisaya ) ; laurél (Cagayan ) ; a ta i-bia ( Rizal, Ma n ila ) ; ro sas -sa -baibai ( B isaya ) ; SanPedro ( Po lillo ) ; sanda (Biko l ) .

Th e roo ts in deco ction are used as an effective emmenagogue .

It is said that they m ay produce abortion .

D istributio n : Widely distributed from Batanes Islands toPalawan and northern M indanao .

Ge nus NER I UMNER I UM I ND I CUM Mill. OLEANDER o r A DELFA .

Lo cal nam es : A de’

lfa ( Span ish ) ; g ina taan ( Tagalo g ) .

Th e bark and leaves are poisonous . With an admixture of


oil, they are employed as an external application in skin eruption

or irritations in herpes , etc .

D istribution : Occas ionally cultivated for ornament in variousregions .

Genus PA RA LSTONIA

PA RA LSTONIA CLUS IA C EA Baill. MALABATINO.

Lo cal nam es : Basikalang ( I lo c o s Sur ) ; batiko ling (Rizal) ; bayag -usa

(M indo ro ) ; dita ( Bataan ) ; kuyau -yau (Masbate ) ; m a labatin o (Baler ) ;m aladita (Batangas , Tayabas ) .

Th e bark is used on swel l ings .

D istribution : Cagayan to Camarines , M indoro, Samar, Masbate , Negros , Palawan , Surigao .

Genus PA RA MER IA

PA RAMER IA BA R BA TA (BL) K . Schum . (Pa ram eria

p hilipp in en sis Radlk . ) DUGTUNG-AHA S .

A description of this Species and its local names are given inthe section on fiber plants .

The bark macerated in Oil is an efficacious vulnerary and isalso used internally for th e cure of tuberculos is .

Genu s PLUM I E RA

PLU M I ERA AC UM I NA TA A it . TEMPLE FLOWER o r KALACHI’

JCHE .

Lo cal nam es : Ka lachuch e o r ka la tsutse (Zambales , m o st Tagalo g pro vinces ; Cam arines , m o st B isaya pro vinces ) ; ka lasuch e

’

( Cavite ) ; ka la tuche( Tagalo g ) ; ka lunaché ( Ilo ko , Cagayan ) ; ka lisuchu ( Pangasinan ) ; karakariku cha ( Pam panga ) ; ku la lo che

’

( Ilo k o ) ; ta liséch o ( Pangasinan ) .

A decoction of th e bark is used as a purgative , emmenagogueand febrifuge . Th e l atex is also employed for the same effects .

D istribution : Cultivated in the majority of provinces .

Genu s RA UW OLF I A

RA UW OLFIA A MSONIA EFOLIA A . DC . MALADITA.

Lo cal nam es : A libu tbnt (Masbate ) ban o’

gan (Masbate ) batiko ling

(Bukidn o n ) m a ladita (Cam arin es , Bukidn o n ) m araandarayan (Cagayan )

The young buds are used for th e stomach disorders Of youngbab ies .

D istribution : Cagayan to Camarines , Lubang Island, M indoro , Masbate , Bukidnon .

Genus TA B E RNA EMONTA NA

TA BE RNA EMONTA NA PA NDA CA QU I Po ir . PANDAKAKI.


in th e sectio n On dyes .

Th e m i lky juice is said to be good for swe l l ings . A decoction


of the root and th e bark is used to cure certain affe ctions ofth e stomach and intestines . Women use it also at childb irth .

Th e leaves are used in bathing .

Genus T H EVET IA

TH EVET IA PER UV I A NA ( Pers . ) Merr.

L o cal nam e : Campan elo o r campan ero ( Sp an ish ) .

The decoction Of th e bark , in regulated doses , is employed as anemetic and febrifuge , said to be effective in interm ittent fevers .

D istribution : Isabe la,Baguio , Manila , Bas i lan .

Family A SCLEPIA DA CEA EGenus A SCLEP I A S

ASCLEP I A S CURA SSAVICA L . BULA K-DAMO.


in the section on fiber plants .

The roots are employed,both in decoction and pulverized

,as

an emetic,having effe cts s imilar to thos e Of ipecacuanha .

Genu s CA LOTROPIS

CA LOTROPIS G IGANT EA (L. ) Dryand. KAPAL-KAPAL .

Lo cal n am e : Kapa l-kapal (Tagalo g ) .

The bark and thickened latex are used as an alterative incertain diseases of th e skin . They also have vermifugal

properties .

D istribution : Manila,Batangas .

Ge nu s ST R EPTOCA ULON

STR EPTOCA ULON BA UMII Decne . HINGIU-NA -PUTI.



The latex is much used as a vulnerary .

Genus TYLOPHORA

TYLOPHO RA BR EV I PES (Turcz . ) F.-Vi11. PASI

’

IE A .

Lo cal n am es : Bug néi (Cagayan ) sarungkad, sarungkar ( Ilo co s N o rte )

p as i’

ika (Tagalo g in Zambales ) ; dail, sayo ngkal ( Pangasinan ) .

A decoction of th e roots is used as an emetic . Th e root isa substitute for ipecacuanha in all its uses . It is also co nsid

ered as an emmenagogue and as a specific for colic .

D istribution : Cagayan , I locos Norte ,Pangas inan

,Zambales ,

M indoro .


kamkam o tihan (Bataan ) ; ka/mka/mOte (Un io n ) ; katang -katang , lagairai,

lam payo ng (Tagalo g ) ; lag ilai (Davao ) ; lang bayo ng ( Ilo k o ) ; p alang’

palang ( Ilo ilo ) .

The leaves are employed as an escharotic to extirpate th e

fungoid growth of ulcers . They are Cooked and used as anantirheumatic topical .D istribution : A long the beach from Batanes Is lands to

Bas i lan .

IPOMO EA PES-T IGR IDIS L . RANGRANGAU ,

Lo cal n am es : R angrangau ng abududn , rangrangau (Un io n ) ; m ala

sandia, salasandia (B isaya ) .

The leaves are employed in the form of poultices as a resolventof pimples , boils , etc .

D istribution : Cagayan , Amburayan ,Lepanto , Union, Panga

s inan , Bulacan , Cavite , R izal , Manila, Laguna , Batangas , A nti

que , Guimaras Islands , Bukidnon , Zamboanga .

I POMO EA R EPTA NS (L . ) Po ir . KANGKONG.



The tops are edible and are mildly laxative .

Genu s MERR EMIA

MER R EMIA EMA RGI NA TA ( Burm . Hallier f. KUPI-KUFIT.

Lo cal n am es : B ate-bate ( Tagalo g ) ; kupi—kup i l ( Ilo ko ) .

Th e leaves and tops in decoctio n are sometimes employed asa diuretic .

D istribution : R izal,Bataan . In dry Open grasslands and

waste places at low altitudes .

Genu s OPERCULINA

OPERCULINA TURPETHUM (L. ) S. Man so



The root, either pulverized or in alcoholic tincture, is employedas a drastic purgative

Genu s QUAMOCLIT

QUA MOCL I T P INNA TA (Beser . ) Vo igt .

CYPRESS VINE o r CABELLO DE ANGEL.

Lo cal nam es : Cabello de angel ( Span ish-Filip in o ) lump itan (Co tabato )ma labahék ( Bisaya ) ; ma lm ardm a ( Cebu ) ; p abellon dc ang e l ( Pangasinan ) ; p is o s -pis o s (Oriental Negro s ) ; tartarao k ( Ilo co s No rte ) ; ten

tenedor (Unio n ) .

The leaves are prepared in poultices and employed as a remedyfor bleeding hemorrhoids .


D istributio n : I locos Norte, Cagayan , Bontoc, Union , NuevaVizcaya, Pangas inan , Pampanga, Bulacan , Bataan, Cavite, R izal,Laguna , Cam arines Norte and Sur, A lbay, Sorsogo n , I loilo ,A ntique, Orienta l Negros, Cebu , Bantayan Island, and Cotabato .

Family BORRAGINACEAE

Genus COLDENIA

COLDENIA PROC U M BENS L . TABTABIOKOL.

Lo cal nam es : Ore’

gan o -lalaki ( Tagalo g ) ; papait ti nuang (Un io n ) ;tabtabéko l ( Ilo co s, Abra ) ; tap iasin ( Tagalo g ) .

Th e leaves are applied in poultices to mature abscesses . The

dried leaves when pulverized provoke sneezing .

D istributio n : From Cagayan to Manila, and in Mindo ro .

Genus CORDIACORD IA MYXA L . A NONANG.

A description of this Spec ies and its local names are givenin the section o n fiber plants .

A deco ction of th e bark is said to be antidyspeptic and afebrifuge . Wh en reduced to a powder it is used as a cure forulcers in the mo uth .

Genus EHRET IA

EHR ET IA M ICROPHYLLA Lam . KALAMOGA.

A de scription of this spec ies and its local names are given inth e section on food plants .

Th e dried leaves are boiled and th e resulting fluid is usedintern ally as a cure for stomach trouble . A decoction of theleaves is used as a cough cure .

E H R ET IA NAVESII Vidal TALIBUNOG.

Lo cal name s : A lim bun‘gug ( Surigao ) ; ka lam bo n o’

g ( Pangasinan ) ; m ala

tadiang (Nueva Vizcaya ) maragau e’

d ( Ilo co s No rte ) talibun o’

g (Lepanto ) .

This plant is used in the cure of fever.D istribution : Throughout th e Philippines from Cagayan to

Bas i lan .

Genus H ELIOTROPI UM

HELIOTROPI U M INDIC U M L .IKOI-PI

'

JSA .

Lo cal names : A p o sétes (Basilan ) ; bun tét-leén (Tayabas, A lbay ) ; hin lalaion (Tagalo g ) ; kigaa-bigaran (Nueva Ecija ) ; iko g -iko g-sang-ku t/i (Bi

saya ) ; iko i-pi'

lsa ( Sambali) kabra-kabra, ham bra-ham bra (B isaya ) ; knting -ku tin

‘

gan ( Tagalo g ) ; m akabra o pun ta lefa/n'

te (Negro s ) m alakudku

ran ( Zambales ) ; p ang/ago (Abra ) ; p eng-nga

-p en

‘

g-n‘

ga (Pangasinan ) ;p erTg

'

a-p en

‘

ga (Unio n ) ; trompa-elefan te (Manila , Marinduque ) ; trompa

lip an te ( Ilo ilo )


A tea made from the leaves is used for bathing cuts and sores ;also for the treatment of cholera . Th e leaves are applied to

wounds and boils . The leaves in decoction are used as a pectoraland as antiscab ious . Th e sap of th e leaves mixed with salt issaid to be useful for clearing the vis ion . Th e plant is said to bealso used for ear and skin diseases .

D istribution : Batanes Islands to Bas ilan .

Genus ROT U LAROT U LA A Q UA T I CA Lo ur . BUNTUT-BUAIA .

Lo cal names : A p o sétes (Basilan ) ; bun tut-budia (Bulacan ) ; ku l'

atai

(Tagalo g ) ; makabra, pun talefan te (Negro s ) ; takad (Rizal ) ; trompa li

pan ti ( Ilo ilo ) .

Th e stems are used in decoction as a sudo rific and diuretic .

Distribution : Cagayan to Bas i lan .

Genus TO U RN EFORT IA

TO U RNEFORT IA SA RMENTOSA Lam . SALSALLAKAPU.

Lo cal nam es : Ka langun‘

gug (B isaya ) ; sa lsallakapu (Unio n ) :

Th e leaves are specially employed in destroying th e larvaefo und in the ulcers of cattle .

D istribution : In most or all is lands and provinces from Ba

buyanes Islands and northern Luzon to Palawan and M indanao .

Genus TR ICHODESMA

TR ICHODESMA INDIC UM (L. ) R . Br.

This species is used in th e same manner as is th e following .

D istribution : R izal , Laguna .

TR ICHODESMA Z EYLA NICUM (Burm . f. ) R . Br. DILANG-UsA.

Lo cal names : Dila/ng -usa ( Tagalo g ) ; ma bi'

l lo (Rizal ) .

Th e flowers are employed by natives , instead of those of B orag o o filcinalis , as a sudo rific and pectoral .D istribution : Cagayan , I loc os Norte, Pam panga, R izal , Ma

nila, Laguna .

Family VERBENA CEAE

Genus AVICENNIA

AVIC ENNIA OFFIC INA LIS L . A PI-API.

A description and figures of this species and its local namesare given in th e section on mangrove swamps .

A res in from th e sapwood is used locally on snake b ite s . Th e

seeds cooked with water are used as maturative poultices , andas a cicatrizant of u lcers .


CLERODENDRON INTE RMEDIUM Cham .

Lo cal nam es : A lo kas o k (B isaya ) ; ba lan tana,ban tana

,bo lo ng tam bal

(B isaya ) ig inga ( Tagalo g ) ikap -an i-an i ( Sambali ) ka lalauan (Bataan )kas o pan

‘

g il (Laguna ,Tayabas, Batangas ) ; ka tun

‘

gatum ( Co tabato ) ; [co loh o log (B isaya ) laro

’

an—anito ( Tagalo g ) ; libin tan o (Occidental Negro s ) ;m aka la lanang ( Tagalo g ) ; pakap is (Bisaya ) ; sa linguak (M indo ro ) .

The root is known to be purgative . Th e leave s, e ither wholeor pounded, are applied on the abdomen Of a parturient in certaincomplications .

D istribution : Babuyanes Is lands to Cotabato .

CLERODENDRON MA CROST EGIUM Schauer MALAPOTOKAN.

Lo cal names : A g bo ligam, ( Ilo ko ) baganak, m a lap o tOkan ( Tagalo g )bagak, kas o pan

‘

gil‘

(Mindanao ) .

The leaves are employed , in decoction and as poultices, to curecarbuncles .D istribution : Nueva Vizcaya, R izal, Tayabas , M indoro , S ibu

yan Island .

CLERODENDRON MINA HA SSA E Teysm . and B inn A IAM-AIAM.

Lo cal nam es : Am —am bo‘

ligan (Pangasin an ) ; aiam -aiam ( Ilo ko ) ; ba

gauak ( Bataan ) ; baganak-itim (Rizal ) ; baganak-pu la (Rizal) ; bo ko bo ko(Un io n ) .

This plant is used as an external remedy for chest andstomach pains . The leaves are said to be boiled and applied toboils .

D istribution : From Cagayan to Bas i lan .

CLERODENDRON QUA DR ILOCULA R E ( Blanco ) Merr. BAGAUAK.

Lo cal n am es : Bagaua k na m o rado (Tagalo g ) baganak na pu la (Rizal )balig tan in (Batangas ) saling -uak (Occidental Negro s, M indo ro ) .

Th e leaves in topicals are used for heal ing wounds , ulcers , etc.

They are also employed in tonic baths .

D istribution : Bataan,R izal

,Manila, Laguna,Batangas , M in

doro, Ticao Is land, Capiz, Negros Occidental , Siargao Island,Bucas Grande Island .

Genus LIPPIA

LIPPIA NODIFLORA (L . ) Rich . CHACHAHAN.

Lo cal name s : Bu sbusi (Unio n ) ; chachaban (Man ila) ; lo pulo pu ( Ilo ilo ) ;n aku lad . ( Batanes )

A n infus ion of th e leaves and tops is emplo yed by th e nativesas a carminative and diuretic remedy .

D istribution : Batan es Islands , Cagayan to Laguna, and Panayto Zamboanga .


Genus PR EMNA

PR EMNA C U M INGIA NA Schauer MANABA.

Lo cal nam es : B anaba ( Cagayan ,I sabela ) ; ma laap i ( Tagalo g ) ; manaba

( Camarines , Leyte, Bukidn o n ) ; kilig (Bataan ) ; m ag ilik (Rizal ) ; pa landiauan ( Cagayan )Th e leaves in infus ion are employed as a remedy fo r dropsy,

and also as a diuretic .

D istribution : Cagayan,Central Luzon provinces, Camarines ,

Leyte , Surigao , Lanao , Davao, Bas ilan .

PR EMNA NA US EOSA Blanco MULAUIN-ASO.

Lo cal name s : A gréa (A bra ) ; a lagau -gubat ( Laguna ) ; anan

‘

ghit (R i

zal ) ; ma lamu lauin ( Bataan ) ; mu lauin -as o (Tarlac , Bataan , Zambales , Batangas , Rizal, Laguna ) .

The leaves are sa i d to be used as a c ure for stomach troub les .D istribution : Cagayan to Camarines, Cap lz .

PR EMNA ODORA TA Blan co ALAGAU.

Lo cal nam es : A dgan (Cam arines , Guim aras Island) ; adigo"

(Marin

duque ) ; a lagau (Un io n, A bra,B o nto c, Zambales , Pampanga, Tarlac, Bul

acan , Bataan , Man ila,Rizal, Tayabas , Laguna , Negro s ) ; argau (Negro s ) ;

ating e (Nueva Vizcaya ) lagan ( Co tabato ) lassi ( Cagayan ) ; tang lé (Pampanga ) .

A decoction of the roots , leaves , flowers , and fruits is used asa sudo rific and pectoral , and is sai d to be carm inative . The

leaves with coconut or sesame Oil are applied to th e abdomen Of

children to cure tympanites . Th e leaves are boiled in water andth e water used for bathing bab ies , and also as a treatment forberiberi . In th e latter case th e boiled leaves are applied to theaffected part of th e patient’s body. The plant is used as a headache cure .

D istribution : From Batanes Islands , throughout the provincesof Luzon

,and southward to Cotabato .

Genus T ECTONA

T ECTONA GRANDIS L . f .TEAK .

Lo cal nam es : Da landdng (Occidental Negro s ) dalo ndo’

n , kalaydte ( Bis

aya ) jate (Zambo anga ) ; hadlag ati (A gusan ) ; jati ( J o lo ) ; téca (Rizal,Laguna, Zamb o anga ) likla ( Tagal o g ) yati ( Po rt Banga ) .

The leaves , e ither fresh o r dried , are used in decoctio n as anexcel lent remedy for haemoptys is . Th e same decoction takenas a gargle is said to cure sore throat .D istribution : R izal Province to -Jolo .


Genus VIT EXVIT EX N EGUNDO L . LAGI

’

INDI.

Lo cal n am es : A gn o -casto ( Span ish-Filip ino ) ; dang la ( Ilo co s No rte

and Sur, A bra, Zambales , Pangasinan , Laguna ) ; lag i'

lndi ( Cagayan , Zam

bales, Bulacan ,Man ila , Laguna, Cam arin es , Masbate , Pam panga ) .

A decoction of th e bark, tops , and leaves is said to be antigastralgic . The leaves are used in aromatic baths ; also as aninsectifuge . The seeds are boiled in water and eaten , or the

water is taken inte rnally, to prevent th e spreading of poisonfrom th e b ites of poiso nous animals . The infus ion is also usedfor dis infecting wounds . Wine in which th e seeds have beensoaked is sa id to be good for dropsy . Th e leaves of th e treeapplied to the forehead are said to be good for headache . Th e

plant is also regarded as a febrifuge .

D istribution : Common and widely distributed in thickets .

VIT EX TR IFOLIA L . var . OVA TA ( Thunb . ) Merr . LAGUNDING-DAGAT.

Lo cal n am es : A gubarau (Bisaya ) ; da lda llagn i (Un io n ) ; kalapini

(Unio n ) ; lag ilnding -dagat, lagunding -gapang ( Tagalo g ) .

The leaves in decoction are used for aromatic baths .

D istribution : Cagayan , Ilocos Norte , Amburayan , Isabela,Union , Batangas , Catanduanes .

Family LA BIA TAEGenu s AN I SOM ELES

ANISOM ELES INDICA (L. ) O. Kuntze BANGBANGSIT.

Lo cal n am es : Paling -harap ,ta ling -harap (Tagalo g ) .

A decoction of the leaves is said to be antirheumatic andstomachic .

D istribution : Wide ly distributed in open waste places in thePhilippines .

Genu s COLEUS

COLEUS A MBOINICUS Lo ur .

Lo cal names : Oregan o ( Spanish-Filip in o ) ; suganda (Tagalo g ) ; to

ro ng il, limOn (Span ish-Filip in o )Th e leaves in infus ion or as a syrup are u se d as an aromatic

carminative , administered in cases Of dyspeps ia and also tocure asthma .

D istribution : Cultivated in many regions .

COLE US BLUME I Benth . MAIANA .

Lo cal n am e s : Badiara, ma/iana ( Tagalo g , B isaya ,Pam p anga ) ; maianau

(B iko l) ; ma liana Pampanga ) ; lap o naia (B isaya) .

Th e pounded leaves are said to be valuable as a cure forheadaches , and for the heal ing of bruises .

D istribution : Widely cultivated .


The leaves and tops serv e as a preservative against moths .

They are employed also in baths , when they are said to haveantirheumatic action .

Genu s ROSMA R I NUS

ROSMA R INUS OFF I C I NA L I S L . ROSEMARY o r ROMERO.

Lo cal nam es : Dam e’

r o ( co rrup tio n o f Span ish‘rom ero ro sm iro

(Bo nto c )

The leaves are used in the Philippines in th e same manneras in E uropean therapeutics .

D istribution : Reported from Bontoc , R izal , Laguna , Marinduque, but widely cultivated.

Genus SCUT ELLA R I A

SC UT E LLA R I A LUZONICA Ro lfe SIDIT.

Lo cal nam e : S idit ( Benguet ) .

The plant is said to be used as a cure for stomach pains .D istribution : Northern and central Luzon , M indanao .

Family SOLANA CEAE

Genus DA TURADA T U RA FA STUOSA L . TALONG-PI

’

JNAI NA ITIM.

Lo cal nam es : S iva (Batanes Islands ) ; talam pun ai (Marinduque ) ; talampanai na itim (Batangas ) .

Th e species is poisonous , as is the variety alba . It is utilized for the same purposes as stramonium . The leaves andflowers are smoked for dyspnoea in bro nchitis .

D istribution : In open places in and about settlements throughout th e Philippines .

DA TURA FA STUOSA L . var . A LBA (Nee s ) C . B . Clarke . TALONG-PI’JNAI.

L o cal n am es : Kamkamma i’

i lau (Un io n ) ; katsubo ng ( Cap iz ) ; taram

panai, ta lam —punai, ta lo ng

-

punai ( Tagalo g ,Pam panga,

B ik o l ) ; kachibo ng(Bisaya,

Marinduqu e ) .

Th e leaves are much used in resolutive and mitigant poultices .

They are also smoked like stramonium in cases o f dyspnoeaproduced by asthma . The seeds and roots have th e same Uses .

They are sometimes used for criminal purposes . The Morosare said to intox icate themse lves with this plant before theycommit thei r massacres .

D istribution : Throughout the Phil ipp ines in waste places inand about towns . Much more common than th e purple-flo weredform .


Genus NICOT IANANICOT IANA TA BAC U M L . TOBACCO.

Lo cal nam e : Taba co (Span ish ) .

The fresh leaves are used in poultices as a sedative andmaturative . A decoction of the dried leaves is used for enemasfor expe l l ing certain intestinal worms .

D istribution : Cultivated , e ither on a commerc ial scale , or forlocal use , in almost al l provinces .

Genus SOLA NUMSOLA NUM C UMINGII Dunal TALOfi TALONGAN .

A description of this species and its l ocal names are given


The leaves used in p o ultices'

are’

said to be mitigating andresolvent . The seeds are employed as a sedative, and are sometimes used to cure toothache .

SOLAN UM M ELONGENA L . EGG PLANT o r TALONG.

Lo cal nam es : Ta léng o r taming (wherever cultivated) ; bereng cna

( Span ish ) .

Th e roots in decoction are taken internally as an antiasthmaticand as a general stimulant . Th e leaves are employed to curepiles .

D istribution : Cultivated in almost all provinces .

SOLANUM NIGR UM L . KONTI.


in the section on Offic ial medic inal plants .

The leaves when prepared in poultices. are said to have sedative and heal ing properties . Prepared as an alcoholate , they aresaid to alleviate neuralgic pains .

Family SCROPHULAR IA CEAEGenus BACOPA

BA COPA MONNIERA (L. ) Wettst . ULASIMAN-ASO.

Lo cal nam es : A lasiman , o lasim an ( Cebu ) ; u lasiman -as o ( Tagalo g ) .

Th e entire plant in decoction is utilized by the natives asa diuretic .

D istribution : Cagayan , Ilocos Norte , Man ila , Laguna , Cebu .

Genus LIMNOPHILA

LIMNOPHILA IND I CA (L. ) Druce INATA .

Lo cal name : Inata ( Tagalo g ) .

An infus ion of the leaves is used in th e cure of dysenteryand dyspeps ia .


D istribution : Cagayan , I locos Norte , Bontoc, Benguet , Pan

gasinan , Nueva E cija, R izal Laguna , Leyte , Bukidnon , Davao,Lanao . In shallow, Slow streams at low and medium altitudes ,ascending to meters .

Genus SCOPA R I A

SCOPA R IA DULC IS L . MALAAMIS.

Lo cal n ames : Is -isa ( Pangasinan ) Icacha-kachahan,hibi-hibihan (Ta

galo g ) ; m alaam is ( Pam panga ) m alism a lisan (Po lillo ) ; sa/mpa lo’

kan

(Laguna ) .

A n infus ion of th e leaves and tops is used as a tea in certainaffections Of th e intestines .

D istribution : From Batanes Islands to southern M indanao .

Family B IGNONIA CEAE

Genus CR ESC ENT IA

CR ESC ENT I A A LA TA H.B .K. HOJ A -CRUZ.

Lo cal n am es : Krus-krasan (Rizal) ; h o ja-cru z (Span ish-F ilip in o ) .

A decoction of th e leaves is employed as an astringent andantihemorrhagic, and is much used in haemoptysis and dy

Sentery .

D istribution : R izal and Tayabas .

Genus DOLICHA NDRONE

DOLICHA NDRONE SPA THA CEA ( L f ) K . Schum . TUWf.

Lo cal n am es : Pata (Unio n ) ; tangas ( Palawan ) ; tanghas (Mindo ro ,Masbate , Negro s Occidental ) ; tiui (Butuan ) tiwi ( Camarines , Tayabas,Mindo ro , A gu san ) tu é ( Tagalo g ) tu i ( Zambales, Bataan , M indo ro ) .

The seeds are administered in th e form of a powder, generally for some nervous complaint .D istribution : Northern Luzon to Basilan Island .

Genus OROXYLUM

OROXYLUM INDICUM (L . ) Vent . PINGKAPINGKAHAN .



Th e leaves are used for th e cure of female irregularities .

Th e bark of th e root is said to be antirheumatic if used indecoction , and also antidysenteric and diaphoretic . The leavesare generally used in antirheumatic baths .

Family PEDALIA CEAE

Genus SESAM UM

SESA MUM OR I ENTA LE L . (S . indicum DC. ) SESAME o r LINGA.

A description and figure of this spec ies and its local namesare given in the section on res ins , gums, and o i ls .


malabulak, San Fran cis co -bundok (Bataan ) ; p adir (Abra ) ; p aritillo t (Rizal, Cavite, Tayabas ) ; pu lp i

’

l lto ( Cagayan ) ; tah o d-m an ilk (Cavite ) .

The fresh leaves are used in topicals to cure th e oedema of

beriberi'

and are said to be useful in rheumatism . In decoctionthey are used for bathing during childb i rth .

D istribution : Bulacan , Biliran Is land, Leyte, Capiz , Bohol,Palawan

,Balabac Island

,Butuan , Lanao , Cotabato , Zamboanga .

J UST I C I A PROCUMBENS L .

Th e leaves are used externally as an astringent in the cure ofcertain eruptions of th e skin .

D istribution : Batanes Islands and northern Luzon to M indanao, in most islands and provinces . In open places at lowand medium altitudes .

Genus PSEUDERA NTHEMUM

PSEUDERA NTHEMUM PULCHELLUM (Ho rt ) Merr. LIMANG-SUGAT.

Lo cal nam es z‘A lio p i o p ,

m Opio'

, ma lado sédo s , p anap tum (Bisaya ) ; cin co

llagas ( Span ish-F ilip in o ) ; kina tu luan , p as io ki ( Bataan ) ; limang -sugat,

silisilihan (Tagalo g ) pu lpulto ( Ilo co s N o rte , Un io n ) s inkilladas ( Pangasinan , Rizal, Tayabas ) ; tu lang -manuk (Negro s Occidental and Tagalo g ) .

Th e roots , stems and leaves in decoction are used againstaphth o es and also as a cicatrizant of wounds , ulcers , etc .

D istribution : Bataan , R izal,Laguna , M indoro , Western

Visayan Islands,M indanao .

Genus RHINA CA NTHUS

RHINA CA NTHUS NA SU TA (L . ) Kurz TAGAK-TAGAK .

Lo cal nam es : Cinco -llagas n a pu ti, s ilis ilihan , tagala-tagala, tagging -tagala

( Tagalo g ) .

Th e sap of the root and leaves , or a decoction of the same,is efficient in certain obstinate forms of dermatos is .

D istribution : R izal , Manila, Cavite , Laguna .

Family PLANTA GINA CEAEGenu s PLA NTA GO

PLA NTA GO MA JO R L . PLANTAIN .

A description o f this Species and its local names are given

in th e section on official medicinal plants .

A decoction Of th e leaves is used as an emollient .

Genus BOR R ER IA

BOR R ER I A H I SP I DA (L . ) K . Schum . (Sp erm aco ce h isp ida L . )

Lo cal nam e : Landrina ( Tagalo g ) .

Th e leaves brewed in decoction are used as an‘

astringent inhemorrhoids .


D istribution : Batanes Islands , Cagayan to Batangas andLaguna, M indoro , Panay, Bas i lan . In open dry places at lowand medium altitudes .

Genus GA RDENIA

GA RDENIA PSEUDOPSIDIUM (Blan co ) F.-Vill .

L o cal nam es : B ayag -usa (Masbate ) bu tuna laga (Cagayan ) ; kasablan( Co tabato ) ; kasikas (Benguet ) ; lam o

’

g ( C o tabato ) m a labayabas ( Tagalo g ) su lip a (Bataan ) .

Th e fruit is used as a cure for smallpoxD istribution : Northe rn Luzon to southern M indanao .

Genus HYDNOPHYTUM

HYDNOPHYTUM FORMICA R I UM Jack BANGHAI.

Lo cal nam e : Bang hdi (B isaya ) .

Th e swollen woody bases of the plants are u sed in the formof a decoction as an effic ient remedy in l iver and intestinalcomplaints .

D istribution : Laguna, Tayabas , Pol illo, Surigao .

Genus HYMENODICTYON

HYMENODICTYON EXCELSUM ( Ro xb . ) Wall ALIGAPTCO.

L o cal nam es : A bar (Abra, Ilo co s Sur ) ; a ligang o (Bulacan ) ; aligpag i

(Davao ) ; ba lang -ko ri (Nueva Ecija ) ; bigan (Rizal) ; kam atalo’

ng ( BasilanIsland) ; m atalisai ( Gu imaras Island) ; tubo -bato ( Palawan ) .

The bark is used as a substitute -for cinchona bark in itsantiperiodic effects .

D istribution : A bra to R izal Palawan , Guimaras Island,Davao , Bas i lan .

Genus MOR INDAMOR INDA CITR IFOLIA L . BANGKORO.


in the section on dyes .

The fruit is used as an emmenagogue . Th e leaves whenfresh are applied on ulcers to effect a rap id cure . Th e sap ofth e leaves is antiarthritic .D istributio n : Wide ly distributed in thickets and second

growth forests in th e Philippines .

Genus MUSSA ENDA

M U SSA ENDA PHILIPPICA A . Rich . TINULI'

JAN-GATAS.

Lo cal names : A g bOi ( Bisaya ) ; agh o i ( Guim aras Island, Negro s, Mindo ro ) ayaun ikilat ( Co tabato ) ; ba lai-lam

’

o’

k ( Ilo ko ) ; baliharan ( Tayabas ) ;bo g on ( Sam ar ) ; bug/On ( Sam ar, Palawan ) darumabi ( C o tabato ) ga tas

v irg en (Cavite ) ; gibuian (Misam is ) ; hagbui ( Palawan ) ; kah o i-dalaga( Zambales , Bataan ) ; ma lacafé (Cam arines ) ; m atang -arau ( Bisaya ) ; muz


yo n (A gu san ) ; tabw tabd ( Cam arines ) ; ta lik—harap (Tayabas, Po lillo ) ;taua-taua ( Cam arines , Butuan , Bukidn o n ) ; tin a-tin a ( Tagalo g ) ; tinu

Man -gatas (Rizal) .

This plant is said to be used against snake bites and to curedysentery . Th e roots and leaves in decoction are u sed for certain affections of th e chest and lungs . Th e root is employed

in cases of j aundice as are also the white , full-grown sepals .

Th e leaves, emplo yed externally in decoction , are used as anemollient.

D istribution : Common and widely distributed in th e Philippines .

Genus NA UCLEA

NA UCLEA J UNGHUHNII (Miq. ) Merr . MAMBOG.

Lo cal nam es : Bangkal (Tayabas, So rso g o n , Masbate ) ; kabak ( Sam ar,

Leyte ) m am bog ( Cam arin es ) ; sap aun (Davao ) ; tiro rén (Camarines ) .

A decoction of the bark is used in conne ction with menstruation .

D istribution : Isabela, Tayabas , Camarines , Sorsogon , A lbay,Masbate

,Leyte , Negros , M isamis, Lanao , Davao, Zamboanga .

In primary forests at low altitudes .

NA UCLEA OR I ENTA LIS L . BANGKAL .

Lo cal nam es : Ba likakak ( Co tabato ) ; bangkal (Zambales , Bataan ,

Man ila,Laguna, Tayabas , Mindo ro , Leyte , Ilo ilo , Butuan ,

C o tabato ,Palawan ) ; bu lala ( Babuyanes and Batanes Islands, I lo co s N o rte

,Abra,

Bengu et, Un io n , Pangasinan ) ; kabo'

lk (Butuan ) .

Th e leaves are applied to bo i ls and tumors . The bark indecoction is said to be vu lnerary

,antidiarrh etic, and a cure for

toothache .

Distribution : Northern Luzon to M indanao and Palawan .

Genus OLDENLAND IAOLDENLANDIA CORYM BOSA L .

Lo cal nam e : Ulasim an-as o (Tagalo g ) .

Th e en tire plant in deco ction is u sed as a febrifuge and astomachic .

D istribution : Throughout th e Philippines . Often common inand about towns , in waste places and gardens .

Genus PA EDER IAPA EDER I A FO ET IDA L .

Lo cal names : BarTgOQan (Biko l ) ; dikal n a bu li'

lk ( Pampanga ) kan ti’

ikai

( Tagalo g , Pampanga) ; kantiitak ( Tayabas ) ; kanti’ltan ( Tagalo g ) ; lilitan

(Bisaya ) ; m atabang-dikut ( Pampanga ) ; taitai ( Bisaya ) .

A decoction of th e bark is taken as an emetic, while that o f

the leaves is used in antirheumatic baths .

D istribution : Widely distributed throughout the Islands .


Th e fresh fruit, made into a syrup , i s adm inistered generallyin all disorders of th e respiratory organs .

D istribution : Cultivated throughout th e Islands .

Genus LAGENA R IA

LAGENA R IA LE UCA NTHA (Duch . ) Bu sby COMMON GOURD o r I'

J PO.

Lo cal nam es : Baran ti o ng (A lbay ) ; cahlbaza blanca (Span ish ) ; go’

bb’

i

( lo ng variety : Pangasinan ) ; ka labaha-onapu ti (Zambales ) ; kalabdsangpu ti (Camarines N o rte and Sur, M isam is ) ; kalilbai ( Ilo ilo , Cu yo ) ; ko ndél( Cagayan ) ; tabaiag ( ro und variety : Man ila, Cam arin es Sur, Marindu que ) ;tabidio ng ( lo ng variety : Pangasinan ) ; ta bun

‘

gau (bo th lo ng and ro und

varieties : Ilo c o s No rte and Sur, A bra, Cagayan , Un io n ; ro und variety :Pangasinan , Zambales ) ; Op o o r up o (Nu eva Ecija , Pam panga ,

Bulacan ,

Tarlac, Bataan , Rizal, Man ila, Cavite , Lagun a,

Tayabas,Cam arines N o rte

and Sur, Leyte , Ilo ilo,Marinduque )

The green fru it, prepared as a syrup, is employed as a pectoral .D istribution : Cultivated in all provinces .

Genus LU FFA

LU FFA CVL I NDR I CA (L . ) M . Ro em . SONGE GOURD o r PATOLANG LIGAU .

Lo cal nam es : Ba tutang -uak (Rizal) ; kaba titi ( Ilo c o s N o rte , Ilo co s

Sur, Abra , Cagayan , Un io n , M o untain , Zambales , Pangasinan ) ; kabatititi-as o (Un io n ) ; p ep in illo de San Greg o rio ( Span ish-F ilip in o ) ; p até langligau (Nueva E cija ,

Tarlac , Bu lacan ,Rizal, Bataan ,

Man ila , Laguna , Cavite ,Batangas , Tayabas , M indo ro , Marinduque ) ; tabo

’

bo g ( Tagalo g ) ; tabébo k

( Tarlac , Bulacan ) .

Th e dried fruit is steeped and th e resulting liquid used as aneffective emetic .

D istribution : This wild form o ccurs in many provinces .

Genus MOMORDICA

MOMORD I CA CHA RA NT IA L . AMPALAYA.



Th e sap Of th e leaves is used as a paras iticide , and th e fru itwhen macerated in Oil as a vulnerary .

MOMORD I CA COCH I NCH I NENS I S ( Lo ur . ) Spreng . TABOG-CX .

A description of this species and its local names are given in

the section on food plants .

The seeds are used as a pectoral when pulverized or preparedin the form Of a decoction .

Genus TR ICHOSANTHES

TR ICHOSANTHES QUINQUA NGULATA A . Gray KATIMBAU .

Lo cal nam es : Kaba lo n‘

ga (Laguna ) ; katim bau (Benguet ) ; patola-si

gaiang (Nueva Vizcaya ) ; tabau—tabau ( Pan gasinan ) ; tabugok (Bu lacan ) ;tim o n -tim o n (Abra) .

MEDICI NAL USES OF PLANTS 243

The mature seeds, finely powdered, are cooked with coconuto il. A fter coo l ing

,th e o il i s applied extern ally to cure itches .

A lso, the powdered seeds are put in wine and taken internally fo rstomachache .

D istribution : Camiguin Island, Babuyanes Islands , Cagayanto Laguna, Masbate, A ntique , Lanao, Davao .

Family GOODENIA CEA E

Genus SCA EVOLA

SCA EVOLA FR U T ESCENS (Mill ) Krause MOSBORON.

Lo cal nam es : A gusuhin ( Zamba les ) ; ba lo k-bdlo k (Po lillo ) ; bo kabo k

( Tagalo g , B isaya ) ; bo sbo rén ( Tagalo g , Biko l, Bisaya ) ; bo’

to (Tagalo g ,Bisaya ) ; dudukduken ( Ilo co s No rte ) ; lin o g , linu (Zam bales ) ; ma lma lu

kling (Un io n ) ; m o sbo ron ( Tagalo g , .Bisaya ) ; panabélo ng ( Tagalo g,

Bisaya) ; tagu stus (Bisaya ) .

The roots yie ld a decoction used in beriberi and in certain syphil itic affections , also in dysentery . Th e leaves are smoked liketobacco .

D istribution : Sea coasts throughout the Islands .

Family COMPOS ITA E

Genus AGERA T U M

AGERA T U M CONYZOIDES L . BCLAK-MANUK .

Lo cal nam es : A sipukpuk ( Pangasinan ) ; bahug -bahug (Negro s ) ; bulak

man i’

lk (Bulacan ) ; dam o’

ng-pa lias (Man ila ) ; gamOt-tu lisan ( Tagalo g ) ;

dam éng -kam bing (Rizal ) ; dam o'

ng -p ailaya ( Laguna ) ; kamubuag (Batan esIsland) ; karo kanding ( Leyte ) ; ko lo ng -kég o ng ( Camarines ) ; pagp o

'

lgai

( B o nto c ) ; sin‘

gilan ( Cagayan ) .

The stem , roots , and flowers of this plant are bo iled and theresulting fluid used for stomach trouble . Th e leaves pounde dand mixed with salt are a very effe ctive vulnerary .

D istribution : Batanes Is lands, throughout Luzon , M indoro,Culion, Palawan , I loilo , Leyte, Antique, Occ idental Negros,Siargao Is land, Davao, and Cotabato .

Genus A RT EM ISIA

A RTEM ISIA V ULGA R IS L. DAM-ONG-MARIA o r MUGWORT.


in the section on o flicial medicinal plants .

The leaves are used as a carminative and emmenagogue .

D istribution : Widely distributed in the Philippines .

Genus BLU M EA

BLU M EA BA LSA M IFERA (L. ) DC. SAMBONG.

A description and figure of this Spec ies and its local names aregiven in the section on res ins, gums, and oils .


The roots are used locally as a cure for colds . The leavesare applied to the forehead to rel ieve headache . A n infus ionis used as a bath for women in childb irth . A tea made from the

leaves is used for stomach pains . A decoctio n of the leave sis used as antidiarrh etic and antigastralgic . The decoction isused also for aromatic baths in rheumatism .

Ge nu s CENT IPEDA

C ENT I PEDA M IN I MA (L . ) A . Br . A schers . HARANGAN.

Lo cal nam es : Haran‘

gan ( Tagalo g , Bisaya ) ; p is ik (B isaya ) .

The leaves , squeezed between th e fingers and inhaled, clearth e head by provoking sneezing .

D istribution : Cagayan , Nueva Vizcaya , Pampanga , R izal ,Manila, Lanao .

Genus CHRYSANTHEMU M

CHRYSANTHEM UM IND I C UM L . CHRYSANTHEMUM.

Lo cal nam es : Mansan illa a babassit (Un io n ) ; manzan illa ( Span ishFilip in o ) ; do lo

’

n tas ( Tagalo g ) .

Th e heads, in infus ion , are used as a carminative .

D istribution : Lepanto, Bontoc, Union , Manila , Camarines ,Malamaui Island, Occi dental Negros .

Genus CROSSOST EPHIUM

CROSSOST EPHIUM CHINENSE (L. ) Merr . ABSINTH o r A J ENJ O.

Lo cal nam e : A j enj o ( Span ish ) .

Th e leaves and tops in infus ion are a carminative and are

said to be an emmenagogue .

D istribution : Widely cultivated as a pot-plant .

Genus ECL I PTAECLIPTA A LBA (L . ) Hassk . TULTULISAN .

L o cal nam es : Hig is-m anuk, tin ta -tin tahan ( Tagalo g ) ; karim buaia

( B o nto c ) ; salsa lida (Mindo ro ) ; tin ta-tin ta ( Ilo k o ) ; tu ltu'

lisan ( Pangasinan ) ; yayao d (Batanes Islands ) .

The leaves and tops brewed in decoction are used in cases ofhepatitis . Pounded they are employed for heal ing wounds .D istribution : Batanes Islands to Cotabato .

Genus ELEPHA NTOPUSELEPHANTOPUS SCA BER L . PAGBILAU.

Lo cal names : Kabkabo n (Unio n ) ; p agbilau (Tayabas ) .

A decoction of the roots and leaves is used as a diuretic, febrifuge, and emoll ient.

D istribution : Widely distributed throughout the Islan ds .


Genu s SPHA ERA NTHUS

SPHA ERANTHUS A FR ICANU S L . SAMBONG-DAMO.

Lo cal nam es : B o to bo tén is , pa lp alsuu t (Un io n ) ; m a lasam béng-dam o (Ta

yabas ) ; sam bo’

ng -gala’(Tagalo g ) ; ta la tabako ( B isaya ) .

A decoction of th e leaves and tops is taken as a stomach tonicand is also employed as an antiblennorrhagic .

D istribution : Babuyanes Islands , northern and central Luzon,M indoro, Bil iran , Bas i lan .

Genus SPILANTHES

SP I LA NTHES A CMELLA (L . ) Murr . PALUMAI.

Lo cal nam es : Pile t-p ilet (Balabac I sland) ; p alumai ( Pampanga ) .

The roots, leaves, and tops brewed as a decoction are usedas a vulnerary .

D istribution : Cagayan , Benguet, Nueva Vizcaya, R izal, Laguna, M indoro, Balabac Island .

Genu s TAGET ESTAGET ES PA T U LA L . MARIGOLD o r A B ITO.

Lo cal nam es : A ki l o , am arillo ( Span ish-F ilip in o ) .

A decoction of th e flowers is used as a carminative and is saidto be refreshing.

D istribution : Cultivated throughout the Islands, natural izedin parts of th e Mountain Province .

Genus VERNONIA

V ERNON I A C IN ER EA (L. ) Less .

Lo cal nam es : Agas -moro (Unio n ) ; ku lo ng -kug on ( Samar ) ; magmansi

( Pangasinan ) ; sag it (Bo nto c ) ; tagu lina i ( Tayabas ) ; yayu linau ( Po lillo ) .

A n infusion Of this plant is taken intern ally as a cough m ed

icine . This plant is also said to be used on wounds . Th e leavesare used in decoction against humid herpes , eczema, etc .

D istribution : In open waste places throughout th e Philippines .

Genus W EDELIA

W EDELIA BIFLORA (L. ) DC. HAGONOI.

Lo cal nam es : A gén o i (Visaya ) ; ana o i- o’

i (Batanes Islands ) ; hagén o i

(Un io n , Batangas , Tayabas, Po lillo , M indo ro , I lo ilo , A gu san ) hag o -o’

no i

(Davao ) .

Th e leaves used in decoction are vulnerary and antiscab ious .A tea made from the roots and leaves is said to be a remedy forstomachache . Th e plant is also said to be useful in case offever .

D istribution : Comm on in thickets and along the shore throughout the Phil ippines .

I N D E X

[ Th is in dex em braces V o lum es 1 , 2 , and 3 . The num bers o f th e v o lum es are g iven in

R o m an n um era ls and th e num bers o f th e pag es in A rabic . Sc ientific nam es are written in

ita lics and o ffi c ial l o ca l n am es in black -face d type . ]

A baka, see Musa textdis .

A bang-abang , see Curculig o recurvata.

A bang -aban g , see Leca m an illen s is .

A ban g -abang , see Oro xylum in dicum .

A bar, see H ym en o dictyo n excelsum .

A be lm o schus m o schatusD istributio n , iii, 2 08 .

Lo cal nam es , iii, 2 08 .

Medicinal, iii, 208 .

A be lm o schus m ul tilo ba tus

Descriptio n an d dis tributio n , i, 386 .

Lo cal nam e , i, 386 .

R o pe , i, 386.

A biang , see L iv is to na ro tun difo lia.

A big i, se e A reng a tremula .

A big o u , s ee P tero cym bium tin c to rium .

A bik i, s ee A renga trem u la .

A bik i, see Pinang a sp p .

A b ilo , see Garnga abilo .

A bkel, see Pitto spo rum res in iferum .

A bke l, see Pitto spo rum res in iferum .

A brom a, see A bro m a fastu o sa.

A bro m a aug us ta, see A bro ma fastuo sa .

A bro m a fas tu o sa

De sc riptio n and distributio n , i, 396.

Lo ca l nam es , i , 395 .

Dim en sio n s o f bas t fibe rs , i, 322 .

Fiber, i, 395 .

Medic inal , iii, 2 1 0.

Tensile streng th , i, 32 1 .

A brom e , see A bro m a fastuo sa.

A brus p recato r iu s

Descriptio n and distribu tio n ,i, 378 .

Lo cal nam es , i, 378 .

Fiber, i, 3 78 .

Medic ina l, iii, 67 , 1 89.

A b sinth , see Cro sso step h ium ch in ense.

A bfiab , see L o p h o p etalum to xicum .

Abud, see E urycles am bo inens is .

A lu’

Ikai, see Co ix la ch ryma-jo bi.A buk o buk é , see Strych n o s m ultiflo ra .

A bustra, see A rch ang elisia. flava.

A bu tilo n in dicum :

D istribu tio n , iii, 208.

Lo cal nam es , i ii, 208.

Medic inal , iii, 2 08 .

A butra, see A rch’ang elis ia flava.

A cacia. farn es iana

Des criptio n and distributio n u , 2 08.

Figure , 1 1 , 205 .

Lo c al nam e , ii, 2 04 .

Gum , u , 2 04 .

Perfum e , ii, 304.

A calyph a in dicaD istribut io n , in 197 .

Lo ca l n am es , i n,1 97.

Medic in al, iii, 1 97 .

A can thaceaeDyes , ii, 4 04 .

Lye , iii, 90.

Man g ro v e swam ps , 1 , 82 .

Med icin al plan ts , i n 237 .

A can th us.

ebrac teatus

Descriptio n , i, 84.

Distribut io n , i, 2 4 .

Lo ca l nam e,i, 84

A can thus d icifo lius

Descriptio n , i, 84 .

Distribu tio n , i, 2 4, 1 01 .

Fig ure , i, 85 .

Lo ca l n am es, i, 82 .

Lye , m , 90.

Medic inal , 11 1, 2 37 .

A capulco , see Cassia. al ata .

A ch o te , s ee B ixa o re llana .

A chras sapo ta :Lo cal nam e , 1 1, 73 .

Gum ch ic le , 1 1 , 7 3 .

A chuete , see Bixa. o re llana.

A ch yra/nth es aspera :Distributio n , m , 1 84 .

Lo cal nam es, i n , 1 84.

Medic inal, iii, 1 84.

A co elo rrhap h e w ig h tii

R ecen tly in tro duced pa lm , i, 2 43 .

A c o ro , see A co rus calam us .

A co rus calam‘

us

Desc riptio n and dis tribu tio n , u , 182 .

Lo cal n am es , ii, 1 81 .

Calam us o il, 1 1, 181 .

Co n dim ent , n , 2 52 .

Me dicinal,

n , 66 17 3 .

A cro stichum aureum

Descriptio n , i , 32 .

Distribut io n , i, 2 4, 32 .

Fig ure, i, 33.

248 INDEX

A cr o stichum aureum ~ Co n tin ued.

Lo ca l n am es , i, 32 .

Medicin a l, i ii, 167 .

A ctin o rh ytis ca lap p aria.

Descriptio n and distributio n , i 1 39.

Lo ca l nam e , i, 139.

A dang , see Eug en ia. cal ubco b.Adélfa, s ee Nerium in dicum .

A denan thera in term ediaDistributi o n , iii, 189.

Lo cal n am e s , iii, 1 89.

Medic inal , iii, 1 89.

A dgau , s ee Prem n a, o do rata .

A diafi'

g au , see A g athis a lba .

A dian tum p h ilip p en se :

Distribu tio n , iii, 1 67 .

Lo ca l n am es , iii, 1 67 .

Medicinal , iii, 1 67.

A diyé ,see Prem n a o do ra ta .

A dlai, see Co ix lachrym a-j o bi.A do n idia m errillii

Des criptio n and distribu tio n , i , 1 39.

Fig ure , i, 1 41 , 1 42 .

Lo c al n am es , i, 1 39

A reca n u t substitu te , i, 139 ; ii, 252 .

Orn am en tal , i, 139.

A duas , see Dra co n to m elum edu le.

A dup o n g , see Stercu lia crass iram ea .

A eg iceras co rn iculatum :

Desc riptio n , i, 72 .

Distributio n,i, 22 , 72 .

Figure , i, 74 , 75 , 7 7 .

Lo c a l n am es , i , 7 2 .

F irew o o d, i, 1 1 6 .

A eg iceras flo ridum :

De scriptio n , i, 7 6.

F ig u re , i, 78 .

Lo cal n am e , i, 7 6.

A erides qu in qu evuln erum

Descriptio n and dis tribu tio n iii, 1 4 .

Fig u re , iii, 1 5,1 6.

Lo cal n am es , iii, 1 4 .

Orn am en ta l, iii, 1 4 .

A erua, lanata :D istribu tio n , iii, 184 .

Lo ca l nam es , iii , 1 84 .

Medicin al, iii, 1 84 .

A H] , see Diptero carpus vern icifluus .

A fu lut, see Uren a, lo bata .

A g ag ai, see Co ix lachrym a-j o bi.A g ag bul in , see Tabern aem o n tan a pan dacaqu i.A g am id, see Ficus p alawan e

'n sis .

A g am it , see Ficu s p alawan ens is .

A g an dun g , see Trama"o rien ta lis .

A garu , see Dys o xylum decaxnd'rum .

A gas , see Palaqu ium p h ilip p ense .

A gas , s ee R hyn cho sp o ra c o rym bo sa .

A gas , see Scirpu s g ro ssas

A gas , see Sem ecarpus cun eifo rmis .

A g as -as , s e e Flaco urtia. rukam .

A g aricaceae

Edible fun gi , iii, 1 1 6 .

A g aricus arg yr o stec tus

Descriptio n , iii, 1 32 .

D istribu tio n , iii, 1 32 .

Edible fung i, iii, 1 32 .

A g ar icus bo ttomDescriptio n , 1 1 1 , 1 32 .

Distributio n , 1 1 1, 1 32 .

Fig ure , 1 11 , 133.

Edible fun g i, i ii, 1 32 .

A garicus luz o n enszs :

Descriptio n,

1 11,132 .

E dible fung i , 1 11 , 1 32 .

A g ar icus m an ilen szs :

Descriptio n ,1 11 , 134 .

Dis tribut io n , 1 11, 1 34 .

Edible fung i, 1 1 1 , 1 34 .

A g aricus me rr illi i :

Descriptio n , 11 1, 1 34 .

Fig ure , 1 11, 1 35 .

Edible fung i, iii, 134 .

A ga/ricu s perfu s o ns :Descr iptio n , 11 1 , 1 34 .

Edible fun g i, 1 11, 134.

Agas-m éro , see Vern o n ia, cin erea .

A gat , see Z in g iber o fiic in ale .

A g a th z’

s a lbaDescript io n and distributio n , 11, 29.

F ig ures , 1 1 , 19, 2 1 , 2 3 .

Lo c a l n am es,ii, 18 .

A n a lys is o f Man ila co pal , 1 1 , 2 4 .

Dis tillatio n o f Man ila c o pa l , ii, 2 7.

Expo rt o f Man ila co pal , ii, 2 0 .

Ox idatio n o f Man ila c o pa l , ii, 28 .

Meth o d o f c o l lecting th e resin , ii, 22 .

Uses , ii, 2 0.

Varn ish ,Man ila co pal in , 1 1 , 2 6.

A gave can ta la :Distribu t io n , i, 362 .

Lo ca l n am e , i,362 .

Fiber, i, 362 .

Dim en s io n s o f fiber, i, 422 .

Paper, i ,'

4 1 5 .

Ten s ile s tren g th , i, 322 .

A gave sisa lan a,Distribu tio n

,i , 3 62 .

Lo cal n am e , i, 362 .

Fiber, i, 3 62 .

A g bé i, see Mu ssa en da p h ilip p ica .

A g h o l , see P tero sp erfr

'

num o bliquum .

A g bo lig an , see Cleroden dr o n ma cro s teg ium .

A gdang , see Gfrewia, stylo carp a .

A g e laea ev erettu

Descriptio n and distributio n , i, 376 .

Lo cal nam es, i, 376.

Fiber , i, 3 76.

A g em , see Decasp erm um fru tico sum .

A g era tum co nyz o ides :

D istribu t io n , iii, 2 43 .

Lo cal n am es,in , 2 43 .

Me dic ina l, iii, 2 43 .

A g h é , see L eu caena g lau ca .

Ag h é , s ee Pithe c o lo bium su bacu tum .

A g h o i, see Mussaen da p h ilip p ica.

A g ik tik , see Desm o dium h e tero carp um .

Ag im a babae , see Decasp erm um fru tico sum .

A gk i’

i i, see Banhim’

a cum in g iana .

A g lai, see Co ix lachrym a-jo bi.A g la ia, ev o re ttii :

Descriptio n an d distributio n , ii , 302 .

i Figure , 1 1, 303.

250 INDEX

A leurites m o lu ccana — Co n tinued .

Sto rag e o f nuts , ii, 1 28 .

Uses o f o il, 1 1, 12 6.

A leurites m o n tan a s ee A leurites fo rdii.A leurites triSp erm a

Descriptio n and d istribu tio n , ii, 137.

Fig ur e , ii, 1 35 .

Lo ca l n am es , ii, 1 34 .

A na lys is o f o il, ii, 1 34, 1 36.

Bag u ilum bang o il, ii, 134 .

Fert ilize r, ii, 1 3 7 .

Gro w th , ii 1 37 .

Medic in a l , 1 1 1, 1 98.

Plan ting ,ii, 1 37 .

Uses o f o il, ii, 123 .

Al ibabag , see A llaean thu s g laber.

A libabai, see A l laean thus g laber .

A libam barTg an , s ee Lap h o p etalum to xicum .

A liban g , see Bauh in ia mnalabarica .

A libangbang , see Bauh in ia m alabarica.

Al ibh én , see B lum ea balsam ifera .

Al ibu tbut, see R auw o lfia a/rns o n iaefo lia .

A libutbut, see Tabernaem o n tana pan da caqu i.A ligan

‘

go , see Hyme n o dictyo n excelsum .

A lig p ag i, see Hym eu o dic tyo n excelsum .

A lig p ag i, see Ph aleria p erro ttetwma .

A likban g o n , see Co m m e l in a ben gha len sis .

A lilip ai , see Mucuna n ig rican s .

A l im , see Melano lepis W tig landulo sa.

‘A lim bu fi‘

g ug , see Ehretia uavesii.

Al im én , see B lum ea balsam ifera .

A lim p uy ing , see Curcum a zedo aria .

A lim udias , see Co ix lachrym a-jo bi.A linang , see Cyperus radiatus .

A linau , see Ca llicarpa erio clo n a .

A linau , se e Co lum bia serra tifo lia .

A linau , see Cyath o calyx g lo bo sus .

A linau , se e Grewia acum in ata .

A liman , see Grewia m ul tiflo ra .

A lindag én , see Trem a o rien talis .

A l in'

garo , see Elaeag n us p h ilip p en sis .

A linsag o , s ee A ga this alba .

A lio p io p , see Pseuderan th em um pu lchellum .

A l ipata, see Do do naea m'

s co sa .

A lipata , see Exco ecaria ag allo cha .

A lipauin see A lsto n ia sch o laris .

A lism aceae

Fo o d plants , ii, 246.

A litag tag , se e A llaean thus g laber.

A l la-allagat , see U'varia s o rz o g o n en s is .

A llaean thus g labe'r :

Descript io n and distribu tio n , i, 368.

Fig ure, 11, 2 63 .

Lo ca l nam es , i, 368 ; ii, 2 62 .

Fiber, i, 368 .

Fo o d, ii, 2 62 .

Tens ile streng th , i, 32 1 .

A llaean thus luz o n icusDescriptio n , 11, 2 62 .


Fo o d, ii, 2 62 .

A llég at, see Grewia acum ina ta.

A l-lag at, see Uvaria rufa.

A llam an da cath artica

D istributio n , iii, 22 1 .

Lo cal nam es , in , 22 1 .

Medicina l, 1 11, 22 1 .

A llium cepa :Lo ca l n ames

, 1 11, 1 75 .

Medic ina l iii 1 75 .

A llium sativumLo cal nam es, 1 11, 1 75 .

Medic inal, iii, 1 75 .

A llu lo i, see A naco lo sa luzo n iens is .

A lmaciga, see A g ath is a lba.

Almac ig a babac , see A ga this al ba .

A lm en dra de Ind ias , see Term in al ia catap p a .

A lo casia m acro rrh iza :

Descriptio n and dis tributio n , 11, 253.

Lo cal nam es , ii, 2 53 .

Fo o d , 1 1, 2 53 .

Medic inal, iii, 1 73 .

Ornam en ta l , 1 1, 2 53 .

A lo g bati, see Base lla rubra .

A lo kas o k , see Clero den dro n in term edium .

A lo k é , see Garcin ia dulcis .

A lo ko n , see A llaean thu s g laber .

Alo lo kdé , see Neph ro lepis h irsu tu la .

Mom , s ee Me lan o lepis m ultig landulo sa.

A lpai , see Neph elium m u tabile.

A lpaséte s, see Ch en o p o dium am bro sio ides .

A lp as é ti, see Ch en o po dium am bro sio ides .

A lp h ito n ia exce lsaDescriptio n and distributio n , i, 380 .

Lo cal nam es , i, 380.

R o pe , i, 380 .

A lp h o n sea arbo reaDistributio n , 1 11 , 187 .

Lo ca l nam es , 11 1, 1 87 .

Medic in a l, 1 1 1, 1 87 .

A lpin ia pyram idataDescriptio n and dis tributio n , 11, 259.

Lo ca l nam es , ii, 259.

Beverag e , ii, 259.

Co n dim ent , i i, 2 59.

Medic inal , 111,1 7 7 .

A ls to n ia m acro phylla :D is tribu tio n , iii, 22 1 .

Lo ca l n am es , iii, 22 1 .

Medic inal, iii, 221 .

A lsto n ia sch o lari s :D istribut io n , 1 11, 222 .

Lo cal nam es , i n , 222 .


A lto k é , s ee Psych o tria luz o n iensis .

A lu luan,see Pis tia s tra tio tes .

A lum , see H ibiscus tiliaceu s .

A lum , s ee Me lan o lepis mu ltig landul o sa .

A lum am an i, see Leca m an illen sis .

A lum an i, see Leea m an illen s is .

A lung kagai, s ee Decasp ermum frutico sum

A lupag , s ee Eupho ria didym a.

A lupag -am é , s ee Euph o ria didyma .

Al upai, see Eupho ria didyma .

A lupak ,see Eupho ria didyma .

Alup ay i, see H o malo m ena ph ilippinensis .

INDEX 251

A lu p i, see Term ina l ia edu lis .

Am ag o ng , see Thespes ia lam pas .

Am ai-it , see F laco urtia rukam .

Am amali, see Leca acu leata .

Amamali, see Leca m an illen s is .

A m -am b o l ig an , see Clero den dro n m inahassae .

Am apo la , see H ibis cu s m utabilis .

A maran thaceaeFo o d plan ts , ii, 2 74 .

Medic in al plan ts , iii, 1 84 .

Am aran thus spino susDistributio n , iii, 1 84 .

Lo ca l n am es, iii, 1 84 .

Medic inal , iii, 184

Amaran thus v irid isDes criptio n and distribut io n , 1 1 , 2 74 .

Fig ure , ii, 2 77 .


Fo o d, ii, 2 74 .

Am aras , see Piper re tr o fractum .

Am arg o , see Term in alia calam an sana i.

Am arg o so , see Mo m o rdica charan tia .

Am a ril lo , s ee Tag etes pa tu la .

Ama ryllidaceaeFiber plants , i, 362 .

Medic ina l plan ts , iii, 1 7 6Amba l , see Pycna rrh en a man illens is .

A m bo bafi'

g a, see Oram’

a palin dan .

Amb o i-uan , see Gr ewia acum inata.

A mbo lo ng , see Metro xylo n sag u .

Amb o n g , see A bro m a fas tu o sa .

A m bulo ng , see Me tro xylo n sagu .

Ambung , s ee A ren ga am bo n g .

Am g u p , see Callicarpa cau data .

A m léng‘

, see Rhap h ido p h o ra m errillii .

Amm a i, see Oryza sativa .

A m man n ia baccifera :

Distributio n , iii, 2 1 4 .

Lo ca l n am es iii, 2 1 4 .

Med icinal , 11 1, 2 14 .

A mm ug in , see Buddleia asia tica .

A m o m um sp .

R o pe , i, 365 .

Ten sile streng th ,i, 322 .

Am o ngyang , see Pyg eum p reslii.

Am o ra, see A n dro p o g o n zizan io ides.

Am o ras , see A n dro p o g o n zizan io ides .

Am o rph o phal lu s cam pan u la tusDescriptio n and distributio n ,

ii, 253.

Fig u res , ii, 2 55 .

Lo ca l nam es , ii,253 .

Fo o d, ii, 253 .


Am o r-sec o , see A n dro p o g o n aciculatus .

Ampa laya, see Mo m o rdica charan tia.

Am p aleng , see Go n o caryum callerya/num .

Am p aleya, see Mo m o rdica charan tia.

A m p elo cis sus m artin i

Descriptio n and distributio n,1 1, 328 .

Fo o d, ii, 328.

Amugén, see Pyg eum g lan dulo sum .

A m ugan , see Pyg eum p reslii.

Amugauen , see Sap in dus sapo naria .

Amug is , see Drac o u to me lum edulc .

A m ulo n g , see Rh ap h ido p h o ra m errill i i .

Amuyo ng , s ee Go n io thal am us amuyo n .

Am uy o ng , see Ph aea 'n thu s ebrac te o la tus .

A naau , see Liv is to na r o tundifo lia.

A n abio n g , see Melo ch ia um be llata .

Anab iéng , see Trem a o rien talis .

A nabling , see A rto carpus rubro vc 'n ia.

Anabé , see A brom a fastuo sa.

A nab o , see A llaean thus luzo n icus .

A nabo , see Me lo chia um bellata .

A n abo ng , see A bro m a fas tuo sa.

A nabu, see A bro ma fas tuo sa.

A nabun , see Macaran g a tan arius .

A na cardiac eae :Fo o d plan ts , 11 , 3 12 .

Medicinal plants, 111, 69, 202 .

Oils , 1 1, 1 46.

A nacardium o cciden taleDescriptio n and distributio n , 1 1, 1 46.

Lo cal n am es , ii,1 46.

Cash ew n ut o il, 11 , 146.

Medicinal, iii, 69, 2 02 .

A naco lo sa luz o n iensis

Descriptio n and dis tributio n , 1 1, 2 74.

Fig ures , 1 1 , 2 72 . 2 73 .

Lo c a l nam es , ii, 2 70.

Fo o d, 1 1 , 2 70 .

A nah i . see A bro ma fas tuo sa .

A nagas , see Sem ecarpu s cun eifo rm is .

A nagas , see Sem ecarpus g ig an tifo lia.

A nagas, see Sterculia luzo n ica.

A nag as i, see Leuco syke cap itella ta .

A nagdun g , see Trema o rien ta lis .

A nag ep , see Term in alia e dulis .

A n agum , see Trem a or ien tal is .

Anah au , see Li/vis to na r o tun difo lia .

A nahauo n , see Dip ter o carpus g randiflo rua.

A n ah iuan , see Fim bris tylis g lo bulo sa.

A n akseng , see Grewia edul is .

A nam irta co cculus

Des criptio n and distributio n , i, 375 .

Lo ca l nam es , i, 375 .

Fish p o iso n , iii, 79.

Medic inal , 1 11 , 1 85 .

R o pe , i, 3 75 .

Ten sile stren g th , i, 322 .

A narcas co m o sus

Distributio n , 1, 356 .

Lo cal nam e , 11 , 256.

Fiber, i. ‘

360 .

Fo o d, ii, 2 56.

A n an dh in , see Callicarpa fo rm o san a.

A nang g i, see Can arium o vatum .

A nangg ing -puti, see Drac o n to m elum edu le .

AnarTg ilan , see Ca/nang ium o do ratum .

A narTg in , see Gu io a k o e lreu teria .

A nar’

fg iran , see Can an g ium o do ratum .

A nao i-o i, see Wedelia biflo ra.

A nar io ng , see Trem a o rien tal is .

A naro ng , see Trem a o rien talis .

A nau , see Livisto na ro tun difo lia .

A n ayup , see Cauicarp a cau da ta .

252 INDEX

A ndadasi, see Cassia o cciden ta lis .

A ndadas i, see Cass ia s o p h era .

A ndadas i n'

g a. bugbug tén g , see Cassia a lata .

A ndad as i fig s. dadakkbl , see Cassia to ra .

A ndadas i ng a dakkél, see Cas s ia alata .

A n dan g , see E ug en ia calubco b.A n darayan ,

see A lsto n ia s ch o laris .

A ndiba ing , see Mim o sa pudica .

A n dro po g o n ac iculatus

Distributio n , iii, 169.

Lo cal nam es , iii, 1 69.

Med ic inal , iii, 1 69 .

A n dro po g o n citratus

Descriptio n and distributio n 11 , 1 76 .

Lo ca l nam es , ii, 1 74 .

Co n dim en t , ii 1 74 .

D istillatio n,

11 , 1 75 .

Medic ina l , iii, 1 69.

Oil, ii, 1 7 4 .

Paper, ii,17 6 .

Perfum e,ii, 1 74 .

A n dr o po g o n halep eu sis

Descriptio n and distributio n , i, 338.


Fiber, i, 338 .

A n dro po g o n n ardu s :Dis tributio n ,

ii, 1 7 7 .

Oil,ii, 1 76.

A n dr o po g o n s o rg hum

Distributio n , iii, 1 7 0.

Lo c a l n am es , iii, 1 70 .

Medic inal , iii, 1 7 0 .

A n dr o po g o n zizan io idesDes criptio n and distributio n , i 339 ;

18 1 .

Fig ure , 1 1, 1 79 .

Lo cal n am es , i, 338 ; 11 , 1 77 .

Fiber, i, 338 .


Vetive r o il, ii, 1 7 7 .

A neg , see Dio sco rea escul en ta .

Axi g’ax

'

ig ri, see Clero den dro n inerme .

A n g -an g so n , see Paspa lum scro bicu latum .

Ar’

fg e , se e Curcum a lo n g a .

A ng elica , see Cardio sperm um h alicacabum .

A ng g it , see A mma n n ia baccifera .

A ng guat , see B iden s chin en sis .

A n g -fi'

g uad, see B idens pilo sa .

A n g sét , se e Gu io a ko elreu teria .

A n g uar, see B iden s chin en sis .

A rTg ud, see A chyran thes aspera .

A n ias , see A n dro po g o n zizan io ides .

A n ias de m o ras, s ee A n dro p o g o n zizan io ides .

A n ibo n g , see A sc lepias curassav ica .

A nibo ng , see On co sp erm a filam en to su‘m.

A n ibo n g , see Typha an g us tifo lia.

A n ibun g , see On co sp erm a filam en to sum .

A n ilai, see Lum n itzera litto rea .

A n ilau , s ee A lp h ito u ia exce lsa .

A n ilau , see Co lum bia blanco i .

A n ilau , see Co lum bia lan ceo lata.

A n i lau , see Co lum bia serratifo lia .

A n ilau, see Grewia erio carpa .

A n ilau , see Grewia m ultiflo ra .

A n iri‘

ga, see A g ath is a lba.

A m n gat, see A g athis alba .

A n ir’

i'

g uai, see Euph o ria didym a .

A n ipa, see Nipa fru ticau s .

A n is , see Fo en icu lum vu lg are .

A n isadoClau sena an isum -o len s, 1 1 , 2 12 .

A n is de m o ro , see A n dro po g o n zizanio ides .

A n iso m eles in dicaD istribu tio n , 11 1 2 32 .

Lo cal nam es , 111 , 232 .

Medicinal , 1 11, 2 32 .

A n iso ptera th urifera

Descriptio n and distributio n , 1 1 , 52 , 54.

Fig ure , 11, 53, 55 .

Lo cal nam es , ii, 52 .

D im ens io ns o f fibers , i, 42 3 .

Pal o s apis resin , ii, 52 .

Paper, i, 423-425 .

A n itap, see Co m m erso n ia bartram ia.

A n-nabo , see A br oma fastuo sa .

A nnabo , see Malachra capitata .

A nnabo , s ee Malachra fas cia ta .

A n n ab o é. dadakkél,see A balm o schus m u ltila

batus .

Annatto tree , see B ixa o re llan a.

A n n o n aceae

F iber plants , 1, 375 .

Fo o d plan ts ,11

, 2 80 .

Medic ina l plan ts , iii, 18 7 .

Oils , 1 1, 189.

A nn o yo p , see Callicarpa fo rm o sana .

A nnu ad, see fl ag ellaria iudica .

A n o nang , see Co rdia m yxa.

A n o nan g -bak ir, see Co rdia m yxa .

A no nan g g um

Co rdia m yxa, 11, 88.

A nénang-la lak i , see Co rdia cum in g iana .

A n o n o n g k o t, see Uren a lo bata.

A n o po l , s ee Co u o cep hallus vio laceus .

A no ran , see Cler o dendr o n be th un eanum .

Ano s , see Sch izo stachyum lim a.

A n sa , see Eug en ia m au an qu il.

A n tagan , s ee Ptero carpu s sp p .

A n tél, see Can arium villo sum .

Anteng . see A gathis a lba .

Anteng , see Can arium luzo n icum .

An teng , see Can arium villo sum .

A n tiaris to xica/ria

Des criptio n and distributio n , 1, 369.


Fiber, i, 368 .

A n tidesm a bun ius

Descriptio n and dis tributio n , 1 1, 308 .

Fig ure , 1 1 , 309, 3 1 1 .

Lo cal nam es, 11 , 308.

Fo o d, 1 1, 308.

Ant ip blo , s ee A rto carpus co mm un is .

A ntipo lo , see A rto carpus e las tica .

A ntip é lo ng lalak i, see A rto carpus co mm un is .

A nto , see A m o rpho phal lus campanu latus.

A n to l, see Garcin ia v idalu .

A n to lang , see Grapto phyllum pictum .

A nto lafi'

g an , see H ibis cus ro sa-sinen sis .

A nto n , see Lyg o dium sem ih as tatum .

A nuad. see F lag ellaria in dica .

254 INDEX

A reca h u tch in so n iana

Desc rip tio n ,i, 144 , 1 48 .

Lo cal nam es , 1,1 48.

Medic in al , 1 1 1, 172 .

A reca ipo tDescriptio n , i, 1 43, 1 48 .

Distributio n , i, 1 48.

Fig ure , i, 1 49.

Lo cal n am es , 1, 1 48 .

A reca nut s ubs titu te , 1, 148 ; ii, 252 .

Ornam en ta l , i, 1 48 .

A reca m acro carpa :Descriptio n , i, 1 40.

Fig ure , i, 1 49.

A reca pareusDesc riptio n , i, 1 43 .

Fig ure , i, 1 49

A reca vida liana

Des criptio n , 1 1 44 . 148 .

D istributio n , 1 , 1 48 .

Lo ca l n am es , i,1 48 .

Ornam ental, i, 1 48

A re ca wh itfo rdii :

Des c riptio n , i, 1 43 , 148 .

Distributio n , i,1 48 .

Lo cal nam es , i, 1 48 .

A ren g a am bo n gDescriptio n and distributio n , i, 150 .

Lo cal nam es , i, 15 0.

B lo wg un s , i, 1 50.

Fo o d , 11, 252 .

A reng a m indo ren sis, see A ren ga trem u la .

A ren g a pin nataDescript io n and distributio n i, 1 50 .

Figure ,i, 15 1 153 .

Lo c al nam es 1 , 1 50 .

A lc o h o lic drinks , i, 155 .

Fibe r, i, 152 .


Starch , i, 1 55 .

Sug ar, ii, 1 56 .

Uses , i, 15 0.

V ineg ar, i, 1 5 6 .

A ren g a sacch arifera , see A ren g a pinn a ta.

A ren ga. trem ul a

Descript io n , i, 1 5 0, 1 58 .

D istributio n , i, 1 5 8 .

Fig ure , i, 1 5 7 .

Lo cal nam es , i , 1 58 .

Alc o h o lic drink , ii, 252 .

Bev erag e , i, 1 58.

Fibe r, i, 1 5 8.

A rg au , see Prem n a n auseo sa .

A rgau , see Pr em n a o do ra ta .

A ribu-bu,s ee Dio sc o rea luz o n en sis .

A rim an , see P o th o idium lo bbian um .

A r im it , see Ficus m in ah assae .

A rin aya , see Scyp h ip h o ra h ydro p hyllacea .

A r isto lo ch iaceae

Medic in a l p lan ts , iii, 183 .

A ris to lo ch ia sericea :

Distribu tio n , m , 183 .

Lo cal nam e , iii, 1 83 .

Medic in al,iii

, 1 83 .

A r is to lo ch ia tag alaDistribut io n , 111 , 1 83 .

Lo ca l n am es ,1 11 , 1 83 .

Medic in al, 1 11, 183 .

A riuat, see Co lum ella trifo lia .

A riuat , see Te tras tigma h arm andi.

A ro , see Casuarin a equ ise tifo lia.

A ro bo , s ee Casuarin a equ isetifo lia .

A ro da idai, see Ip o m o ea p es-caprae .

A ro gari'

g an , see H ibiscus ro sa-sin ens is .

A ro g bati, see Base lla rubra .

A ro b o , see Casuarin a equ ise tifo lia .

A rbma, see A cacia farn es iana .

A ro o , see Casuar ina e qu isetifo lia .

A ro ro , s ee A n dro po g o n ha lepen s is .

A rtem is ia vulg arisDescriptio n and distributio n , 111 , 75 , 243 .

Lo ca l n am es , iii, 75 .

Medic in a l,11 1 , 75 , 243 .

A rto carpus c o m m un is :

Descriptio n and d istributio n ,i, 369 ; 1 1,

262 .

F igures , i, 3 7 1 ; 1 1, 2 64, 2 65 .

Lo cal nam e s , i, 369.

Fiber, 1 369.

Fo o d , 1 1 , 2 62 .

Med ic inal iii, 180 .

Te n s ile s tren gth , i, 32 1 .

A r to carpus cum in g ian a :

Des cript io n and distribut io n 1 1, 70.

Fig ure ,1 1 , 69.

Lo c al n am es , 1 1 , 70 .

Ch ewing g um , 11 , 70.

Medic ina l, 1 11,180.

A rto carpu s e las tica :

Descriptio n , i, 3 7 0 ; 11, 72 .

F ig ure , 11 , 7 1 .

Lo ca l nam es , 1,369 ; 1 1 , 7 0 .

B ird lim e , 1 1, 70 , 72 .

Ch ew in g g um , ii, 70.

Fiber, i, 3 69.

Fo o d, 1 1 , 2 62 .

A rto carpu s in teg ra .

Descriptio n an d distribut io n , i 370.

Lo ca l n am es , i, 3 7 0 .

Fig ure , 11 , 2 65 , 2 67 .

Dye , 11 , 387 .

F iber, 1, 3 7 0.

Fo o d , 11 , 2 66 .

Medicina l, iii, 1 80.

Pres erve s , 1 1 , 2 66.

A rto carpus o do ratiss im a

Descriptio n and d istributio n , 11 , 266 .

Fig ure , 1 1 , 268.

Lo c al n am e,ii

, 2 66 .

Fo o d , 1 1 , 2 66 .

A r to carpus ru br o vem'

a :

Descriptio n and distributio n , i, 370.

Lo ca l nam es , 1, 370 .

Fiber, i, 37 0 .

A run din aria u iitakayam ens is

Descriptio n and distributio n ,i,258 .

Fig ure , i, 2 79 .

Lo cal n am es , i, 258.

Pipes tems ,i, 2 58.

INDEX 255

Arun g gai, see Mo ringa o le ifera .

A rup ag , see Eupho ria didym a .

A rupai, see Euph o ria didym a .

"

i

A sam -asam , see Pith ec o lo bium subacutum .

A sana, see P tero carpus blan c o i.

A s ana, see Ptero carpus sp p .

A sclep iddaceac

Dyes, ii, 404 .

Fiber p lan ts , 1, 407 .

Fo o d plants, , 1 1, 372 .

Med ic inal plan ts , iii, 224 .

A sc lepias curassa/uica

Descript io n and distributio n , i , 407.



Pillo ws,i, 407 .

A sim au , see Harriso n ia perfo rata.

A s ip ukpuk , see A g eratum c o nyz o ides .

A s is , see Ficus u lm ifo lia .

A spe-aspe , see San sevieria zeylan ica .

A splen ium ma cr o phyllum :

Distributio n , iii, 167 .


Medicinal, iii, 1 67.

A splen ium n idusDes criptio n and d is tributio n , i, 24 ; iii, 1 1 .

Figu re , iii, 1 0 .

Lo cal nam e , iii, 1 1 .

Ornam en tal , iii, 1 1

A s tiblc ph ilippin en s isDescriptio n and distributio n ,

iii, 95 .

Lo cal n am es, iii, 95 .

To bacco substitute, iii, 95 .

A sute , see Bixa o r el lana.

A tai-atai , see Grapto phyllum p ictum .

A tai-b ia, see Lo chn era ro sea.

A tan g en , see To dda lia asiatica.

A thyrium escu len tumDes criptio n and distribu tio n , 1 1, 241 .

Lo ca l nam e , 11 , 2 41 .

Fig ures , ii, 242 , 2 43.

Fo o d, ii, 2 41 .

A tiban g dal, see Cyath ea sp p .

A tibulnak , see Ru bus pecti'n e llus.

A tibutbut , see Tabernaem o n tana p an dacaquiA tilan g , see Cubi lia bla/nco i.

A t ing e , see Prem n a o do rata .

A tsuéte , see Bixa o rellan a.

A ttai-na-baka, see Sida a cu ta .

A ttaka i, see Co ix lachryma-jo bi.A ttalea co hun e, i, 2 43 .

A uai, see F lag e llaria in dica .

A nai s i g ayan g , se e Flag e l lar ia in dica .

A ur icularia auricul a-ju daeDe sc ripti o n , iii, 1 12 .

Fig ure iii, 1 13 .

Lo cal nam e , iii, 1 12 . Baag u , see Fag raea rac em o sa.

Edible fung i, iii, 1 12 . Baba, see Eug en ia m auau qu il.

A uricu laria bras iliens is Babara, see Ma lvastrum co r o mandelinum .

Descriptio n , iii, 1 1 4 . Babayan , see A llaean thus g laber.

Lo cal nam e , iii, 1 1 4 . Babayan , see A llaean thus luz o n icus .

Edible fung i, iii,1 14. Babe-babe , see Qu is qua lis in dica .

A uriculariac eac : Babu i, se e Sch iz o s tac hyum die ls ianum .

Ed ible fu ng i , iii, 1 09 . Babu i,see Sch izo stachyum difi

'

usum .

A uricu laria co rnea

Desc rip tio n , iii, 1 12 .

Edible fung i, mi, 1 12 .

A uricu laria m o ellern

Descript io n ,iii, 1 14 .

E dible fungi , 1 11, 1 1 4 .

A uricularia p o lytri cha

Descriptio n , 111, 1 1 0 .

Fig ures , 111,1 05 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 5 .

Lo cal n am e , iii, 1 1 0.

Edible fun g i, in , 1 10 .

A uricularia tenu is

De scriptio n ,iii, 1 1 4.

Edible fun g i, 11 1 , 1 14 .

A us im an , see Po rtu laca o leracea .

A v errh o a bilim bi :Descript io n and distributio n , 11 , 294 .

F ig u re , 1 1 , 298 .

Lo ca l nam es , ii, 294 .

Fo o d, 1 1 2 94.


So ap substitute , iii, 5 6.

A verrh o a caram bo laDescriptio n and distributio n , 11 , 296.

Fig u re , ii, 298 .

Lo cal nam es , ii, 296.

Fo o d , 11 , 296 .

Me dic ina l , iii, 193 .

A v icenn ia albaDescriptio n ,

i, 82 .

D istributio n , i, 22 , 82 .


Stands , i, 94- 1 00 .

Tim ber, i, 82 .

A v icen n ia o fiicin alis :

Descript io n,i, 80.

Distributio n , i, 22 , 80.

Fig ure , i, 2 3, 81 , 83.

Lo cal nam es , i, 80 .

Medicinal , iii, 228 .

Stan ds , 1, 94—1 00 .

Tim ber, i , 80.

A yalca , see Rh o do den dro n vidali i .A yam an -k ilat, see Leca m an illen sis .

A yam g ilan , see Pith e co lo bium su bacu tum .

A yan to to ,see A m aran thus spin o sus .

A yaun ikilat, see Mussaen da p h ilip p ica .

A yim it , s ee Ficus m in ahassae .

A y o , see Cissus repen s .

Ayo , see Te trastigma h arm an di i .

A yum it, see Ficu s m ina hassae .

A yupag , see Euph o ria didym a .

A zafran , see Curcum a lo ng a .

A zucena, see Po lian th es tubero sa.

"

l .

256 INDEX

Bac o pa m o nn iera

D is tributio n , iii, 2 35 .

Lo cal nam es , iii, 235 .

Med ic inal,iii

, 235 .

Badang -badan g , see Fim bris tylis g lo bul o sa .

Badiang , see A lo cas ia m acro rrh iza .

Bad iara, see Co leu s blum e i.

Badin o , see Ip o m o ea p es-caprae .

Baeg , see A llaean thus g laber .

Bafé nTg a bun sun g ,see Kleinh o via h o spita .

Baga-as , see Cyperus m alacc en sis .

Bag a-as, see Sc irpus g ro ssus .

Bag abag , s ee Eug en ia m a nan qu il .

Bag a-bag a , see Drynaria quercifo lia .

Bag ak , see Clero den dro n m acro steg ium .

Bagaka i, see Sch izo s tachyum brach yc ladum .

Bagaka i, see Sch iz o s tachyum lum am p ao .

Bagakan , see Sch iz o s tachyum brach ycladum .

Bagakan , see Sch iz o s tachyum lum am p ao .

Bag amban g , see Macaran g a tan arius .

Bag an g , see A m o rpho pha llu s campan u latus .

Bag ang , see Phragm ites vu lg aris .

Bag ang g a , see Tabernaemo n tan a pan dacaqui.Bag arilau , s ee Co lum bia serra tifo lia .

Bag asan tél, s ee A g laia ev erettii.

Bagatai, see Co rypha e la ta .

Bag atam bal. see Z an th o xylum avicennae .

Bag atbat, see A ren ga pinna ta .

Bagauak , see Clero dendro n ma cro s teg ium .

B aganak , see Clero den dro n m in ah assae .

Baganak , see Clero den dro n quadrilo cular e .

Bag anak , see Co n o cep hallus vio la ceu s .

Bagauak -itim , see Clero den dr o n m in ahassae .

Baganak na m o rado , see Clero den dro n qua drilo cu lare .

Baganak na pula, see Clero dend ro n quadrilo

cu lare .

Baganak-pula, s ee Clero den dro n m inahassae .

Bag bag uto t, s e e Ph yllan thus re ticulatus .

Bag balo g o ,see Kin g io dendro n a ltern ifo liunu

Bag ian g , s ee A lo cas ia m acr o rrhiza .

Bag i-bag i, see Kyllin g a m o n o cep h a la .

Bag ilumbang , see A leurites trisp erma .

Bag ilum ban g o il

A leurites trisp erma , ii,134 .

Bag ing , see Gn etum in dicum .

Bag io d, see Grew ia edu lis .

Bag iro ro , see A denan th era in term edia.

Bag li, se e A lla ean th us luz o n icus .

Bag o , see A bro m a fas tuo sa.

Bag o , s ee Gn etum g u em o u .

Bag o , see H ibiscus tiliaceus .

Bag o , see Phaler ia p erro ttetiana .

Bag o , see Pych arrh ena m an illen s is .

Bag o -bag o , s ee B ruc ea amaris sima .

Bag o balo ng , see A n iso ptera th urifera .

Bag o h o n , see Grewia m ultiflo ra .

Bag o ng , see A m o rpho phallus cam panu latus .

Bag o -sala , see Fag raea racemo sa.

Bag s

C o rypha ela ta,i, 192 .

Musa textilis,i , 364 .

Nipa frutican s , 1 , 222 .

Pan danus radican s, i , 334.

Pan danu s sim plex, i, 336.

Bag s— Co n tinu ed .

Sc irpus g r o ssu s , i, 353 .

Typha an g u stifo lia, i, 330.

Bag san g , see L iv isto n a r o tun d ifo lia .

Bag sang , see Me tro xylo n sag u .

Bag t ik , see A g a this alba .

Bag to an , see Pin an g a s p p .

Bag u , see Gn e tum g u em o u .

Bag u , see Term in a lia edu lis .

Bag u-balanak , see Po tho s sp p .

Bag u it, s ee H arriso n ia perfo rata .

Bag ulibas , see Dyso xylum de candrum .

Bag un , see Grew ia acum ina ta .

Bag usala i, see Gan o p h yllum fa lcatum .

Bah ai, see A brus pr ecato riu s .

Bahai, see A den an thera in term edia .

Bahai, see Pitheco lo bium subacutum .

Bahi, see Caryo ta cum in g i i .

Bah i, see Liv is to n a r o tun difo lia .

Bah o , see Term in a lia e dul is .

Bah o -bah o , see Cassia to ra .

Babug -babu g , s ee A g era tum c o nyz o ides .

Babug -babug , see Lan tana cam ara.

Ba in-bain , s ee Mim o sa pu dica .

Baino , see Ne lum bium ne lum bo .

Ba infid, see Co lum bia serratifo lia .

Ba it , see Cycas rum p h ii.

Bait, see Eupho ria didym a .

Bait , see Euph o rbia ner iifo lia .

Rakad, see Rhizo pho ra can de laria.

Bakal as , see Nephe lium m u tabile .

Bakalau , s ee Euph o ria didym a .

Bakalau , see Nephe lium m u tabde .

Bakan , see S tercu lia o blo ng ata .

Bakao , s ee Brug u iera c o n jug ata.

Bakau , s

'

ee Brug u iera c o n jug ata .

Bakau , see Rhiz o pho ra can de lar ia .

Bakau , see R h iz o p o ra m ucro na ta .

Bakau , see Stercu lia o blo ng ata.

Bakauan , see Brug u iera c o n jug a ta .

Bakauan , see Brugu iera cylin drica .

Bakauan , see Cerio ps r o xbu rg h iana .

Bakauan , see R h izo pho ra can de laria.

Bakauan , s ee R hiz o pho ra m ucro n ata.

Bakauan -bab’ac , see R hiz o pho ra can de laria .

Bakauan-babae , see R h iz o ph o ra m ucro nata.

Bakauan-lalaki, see Brug u iera p arv iflo ra .

Bakauan-lalak i, see Bruguiera sexangula .

Bakauan-la lak i, see Rhizo pho ra can de lar ia.

Bakauan -lalak i, see Rhiz o pho ra m ucro na ta.

Bakauan g -la lak i, see R hiz o pho ra m ucro nata.

Bakau bankita , see R hiz o pho ra can de laria .

Bakau-lalaki , see R hizo pho ra candelaria.

Bakau tag g a i, see Rhiz o pho ra m ucro n ata .

Bakbak , see Pyg eum g lan du lo sum .

Bake les , s ee Eupho ria didym a.

Bak embak es , see Malach ra ca/p itata .

Bakembakes , see Malach ra fasc ia ta .

Bakhau , s ee R h izo ph o ra can de laria.

Bak hau,s ee R hiz o pho ra m ucro nata.

Baki-bak i, see S c irpu s g r o ssus .

Bakkalau , see Euph o ria didyma .

Bak o , see R hiz o pho ra sp p .

Bak o n , see Crin um as ia ticum .

Bak o ng‘

, s ee Crin um asia ticum .

Bako ng , see Hym en o ca llis litto ra le .

258 INDEX

Ba lo n'

g o dilang -ahas , s ee Grewia acum inata .

Bal o n g sag ing , see Uvaria s o rz o g o n en sis .

Ba10 po , see Grew ia s tylo carp a.

Ba lsakan , s ee Grewia stylo carp a.

B alsam in aceaeMe dic ina l plan ts , iii, 2 05 .

Balsbas-m a lom a i, see Grapto phyllum p ic tum .

Ba lt ik , see A g athis a lba .

Balubad , see A na cardium o cciden ta le .

Balubar, see A n acardium o cciden ta le.

Balubat , see A nacardium o cciden ta le .

Balubito o n , see Barr in g to n ia asia tica .

Balubo g , see A na cardium o c ciden tale .

Balug ano s , see Uvar ia s o rz o g o n en s is .

Balukanad,see A leuri tes tr isp erm a .

Balukanag , see‘A leurites tris p erm a .

Baluk anag , see Ch iso ch eto n cum ing ianus .

Balukanag o il :

Ch is o ch eto n cum in g ianu s , ii, 117.

Baluk-bah’ik , see Po n g am ia pinnata.

Baluk ék , see Grewia edu lis .

Bal ukté t , see Mu cuna n igricans .

Baluku t , see Garcin ia bin uca o .

Balulau , see Ptero cym bium tin cto rium .

Ba lum -ba lum , see Sp a th o g lo ttis plicata .

Balun g gai, s ee Mo r in g a o leifera .

Balun o , see Cam p to s tem o n philippin ense .

Ba lun o , see Mang ifera caesia.

Balu tbalut,see Po n g am ia pinna ta .

Bamban , see Do n ax cannaefo rm is .

Bam busa blum eana , see Ba/mbusa spino sa .

Bam busa c o rn u ta :

Desc riptio n an d dis tribu t io n , 1, 2 58.

Fig ure , i, 280.


Bam busa g laucescen s

Desc riptio n , i, 2 59.

Distribut io n ,i, 2 58 .

Fishin g ro ds,i, 2 59 .

Ornam en ta l, i, 259

Bam bu sa lum am p ao

D im ens io n s o f fibers , i, 422 .

Bam busa m errillii :

Descriptio n , i, 258, 25 9.

D istributio n , i, 2 59 .

Figure, 1, 2 81 .

Bam busa spin o saDescriptio n , i, 258 , 259 .

Distributio n , 1, 259 .

Fig ure , i, 2 82 , 2 83 , 284 .


Medic ina l, iii, 1 70 .

Pape r, i, 4 19 .

Plan ting , i, 2 66-2 78 .

Uses, 1, 2 59—260 .

Bam busa vu lgaris :Descript io n , i 2 58

,2 60 .

Distributio n , 1 , 2 60.

Figure ,1,285- 2 87 .

Lo cal nam e s, i, 2 60 .


Planting and g ro wth , i , 2 66—275 .

Uses,i, 2 60.

Banaas i, see Murraya pan iculata .

Banag , see Sm ilax brac teata.

Banag o , see Gn etum g u em o u .

Banag o , see Thespes ia po pu ln ea .

Banake n , see Elaeag n u s p h ilip p en s is .

Banal, see Sm ilax brac teata .

Banal, see Sm ilax leu co phylla .

Banal o , see Th espes ia po puln ea.

Banana, s ee Musa paradisiaca .

Banan a (w ild ) , see Musa sp p .

Banas i, see Murraya pan icu lata .

Banati, see Murraya pan icula ta .

B anato , see Mallo tu s ph ilippinens is .

Banato -m a l iit, see Ma ll o tu s phi lipp in en sis .

Ban ato o il :

Ma llo tus philippin en s is, 11 , 142 .

Ban ban , see D o nax can n aefo rm is .

Banban g , see Caesa lpin ia cris ta .

Bandabo k , see Geo do rum nu tans .

Bariga, see Oran ia palin dan .

Ban'

gar, see Stercul ia fo e tida .

Ban‘

gat, see P ter o cym bi um tin cto rium .

Ban gat , see Sterculia fo e tida .

Bang bang , see P lum bag o zey lan ica .

Bangban‘

g sit, see Hyp tis suaveo len s .

Banghai, s ee Hydn o p hytum fo rm ica/rium .

Bari‘

g ias , see Term in al ia c o m in tan a .

Bari'

g il , s ee Gu io a k o elreu teria .

Bari'

g il , see So p ho ra t o m en to sa .

Ban g kal, see Nauc lea jung h uhn i i .

Bangkal , se e Nau c lea o rien talis .

Ban g kalauag , see Term inal ia ca lam an san ai .

Bang kan , see R hiz o ph o ra can de laria .

Ban gkau , see R hiz o ph o ra m u cr o n a ta .

Bang k ilo ng , see Ca/rdio sperm um hal icacabum .

Bang k o ang , s ee Pan danus simplex .

Ban gk o k , see Garcin ia binuca o .

Bangk oro , see Mo rin da citrifo lia.

Bang kuang , see Sc irpus g ro ssus .

Ban g ku it, see Sp o ro bo lu s e lo n g a tus .

Bang lai, see Z in g iber zerum bet .

Bang les , see Term in alia com in tan a .

Bang lua, see Pyg eum p reslii.

Bari'

g o g an , see Paederia fo etida.

Ban i, see Po ngamia pin nata.

Ban iakal au , see Stercu lia crassira/mca.

Ban iakau , see Cyath o calyx g lo bo sus .

Ban ig -ban ig , s ee Plu ch ea in dica .

Ban ikad, see Stercu lia cras s iram ea .

Ban ikad, see S terculia philippin en sis .

Ban ilad, see Co lum bia serratifo lia .

Ban ilad, see S tercul ia cras s ira/m ea .

Ban ilad, see Stercu lia o blo n ga ta .

Bani lad, see Sterculia ph il ip pin en sis.

Ban isan , see A ren ga trem u la .

Ban itan, see Man g ifera a l tiss im a .

Ban iti, see Garcin ia du lcis .

Ban it i, see Palaquium p h ilip p en s e .

Ban it is , see Bass ia betis .

Bankudo , see Mo rin da citrifo lia .

Ban lo t , see Co lum bia serratifo lia .

Ban nakalau , see S tercu lia crassiram ea .

Bann akalau , see S terculia phil ippin en s is .

Dan o g an , see R auwo lfia am s o n iaefo lia .

Ban o t , see Bauhin ia cum in g ian a .

Ban salag in, see Mim us o ps parvifo lia .

Ban sa lag in -m uJ ér, see Mim uso ps parvifo lia .

Ban salag o n , see Mim o s o p s parv ifo lia .

Ban sflai, see Crato xylo n blan co i.

Ban téna , s ee Cler o den dr o n in term edium .

Ban t ig i, see L o p h o p etalum to xicum .

Banug an ,see Cra taeva re lig io sa .

Banukalag , see A leurites trisp erm a .

Banu t, see B auh in ia cum in g ian a.

Banyat, see San sevieria zeylan ica .

Bao bao , see Po n g am ia pin na ta .

Bao ri'

g o n see Citru s m ax im a .

Barabak see Eug en ia ca lubco b .

Baraibai , see Cerbera m ung kus .

Baraibai o il

Gerbera man g has , 1 1, 1 68 .

Baraies , se e Term in a lia edu lis .

Barak , s ee Curcum a lo n g a .

Barak , see Curcuma zedo aria .

Bat i k , see Zing iber zerum bet.Barakbak , see Eug en ia xan th o p h ylla .

Baralang , see R o urea v o lu bilis .

Baralau ik , see Capparis ho rrida .

Baral ta , see Po th o idium lo bbianum .

Barari‘

g an , se e Eleus in e in dica .

Baran gan , see Oro xylum in dicum .

Barang g o i, se e Oran ia pa lindan .

Baran g g o t , see Cyperu s m alacc en s is .

Baran g g o t , see Uren a lo ba ta.

Baran‘

g has , s ee Citru s max im a .

Baran in , see A n dro p o g o n citratus .

Baran tio ng , s ee Lag en aria leucan th a.

Barasbaras an , see D o n ax can n aefo rm is .

Baraybay, see Gerbera m an g has .

Baréu , see Pan dan us c o p ela/ndii.

Bari, see Ph aleria cum ing ii.

Baria-an , see Grew ia erio carpa .

Barig aua, see J ussiaea lin ifo lia .

Baring k o k éro n g , see Crat o xylo n blan co i.

Barin i, see R ubus fraxim'

fo liu s .

Baris , see A ren g a trem ul a .

Barit,see H eritiera litto ral is .

Bariu , see Pan danu s co p elan dn .

Bariu-an , see Grewia erio carpa .

Bariuatuat, see Tetrastigm a lo k er i .Bar iu -bariu , see R hyn cho spo ra c o rym bo sa .

Barleria p rio n itis

Distributio n iii, 2 37 .

Lo cal n am es iii, 2 37 .

Medic in a l, 1 11 , 2 37 .

Baro bo , see Dip lo dis cus pan icu la tus .

Baro bo , see Grew ia s tylo carp a .

Baro i, see Pan danus co p elan dii.

Baro i, see Pan danus tecto riu s .

Baro i, see Pter o sperm um div ers ifo lium .

Baro i, see Ptero sperm um n iv eum .

Baro i, see Ptero sperm um o bliquum .

Barrin g to n ia acu tang u la

Distritbutio n , iii, 2 14 .

Lo ca l n am es , iii, 2 1 4 .

Fish po iso n , iii, 81 .

Medicinal , iii, 2 1 4 .

Barrin g to n ia as iatica

De scriptio n and dis tribu tio n , 11 , 1 62 .


Fish po is o n ,iii, 8 1 .

I llum inant , 11 , 1 62 .


INDEX 259

Barr in g to n ia racem o sa :

Des cript io n, 11 , 1 62 .

Dis tributio n , 1 , 2 6 ; 1 1, 1 62 .

Lo c al n am es , 1 1, 1 62 .

Fish an d w il d p ig po iso n , 111 , 8 1 .

I llum in ant, ii, 1 62 .

Medic inal , 1 1 1, 2 15 .

Baruan , see Grewia erio carpna.

Barfibad, see Wa lth eria am ericana .

Barub o , see Dip lo discus pan icu latus .

Basai, see Gu io a ko e lreuter ia .

Bas ak la, see Ficus fo rs ten i i .Basari

'

g al, see Ca lo phy llum blan co i .

Bas an g lai, s ee Ceiba pen tan dra .

Basbaso t, see Sida acu ta .

Basbas o t , see S ida rh o m bifo lia .

Base l la ceaeFo o d plan ts , 1 1 , 2 78 .

Medic ina l plan ts , iii , 1 85 .

Bas e lla rubra :

Des criptio n and di stribut io n , 11 , 278.

Lo c a l n am es ,ii, 2 78 .

Medicinal, 111, 1 85 .

Spinach substitute , 11 , 2 78 .

Bas l , see Term in a lia edu lis .

Bas 1ad, see Can ar ium o va tum .

Bas ikad, see Kyllin ga m o n o cep hala .

Bas ikalang ,se e A lsto n ia m acro phylla .

Basikalan g , see Parals to n ia clus ia cea .

Basikalo n , see A ls to n ia m acro phy lla .

Bas ikaran g , see A lsto n ia m acro phy l la .

Bas ilalag , s ee Grew ia stylo carp a .

Baskets :A g av e can tula , i, 362 .

A ren ga pin n ata , i, 1 5 0 .

A ren g a trem u la , i, 1 58 .

Bam bu sa sp in o sa , 1 , 259.

Caryo ta cum in g i i , i, 182 .

Caryo ta m aj estica , i, 1 82 .

Caryo ta m errillii, i, 1 82 .

Caryo ta m itis , i, 182 .

Cary o ta rum p h ian a , i, 182 .

Co co s nuc ifera , i , 1 84 .

Co rypha ela t

a ,

'i, 192 .

Den dro bium crum en a tum , i, 3 65 .

D o n ax can n aefo rm is , i, 365 .

Dry o p ter is p ter o ide s , i, 323 .

Epiprem num sp p . , i, 354 .

Flag e llaria in dica , i, 35 6 .

G leichen ia lin earis , i, 32 6 .

H etero s p ath e e lata , i, 2 10 .

Lyg o dium sp p i, 32 6 .

Metro xy lo n sag u , i, 220.

Musa tex tilis , i, 3 64 .

Nephro lepis h irsu tu la , i, 32 3 .

Pan dan u s c o p eland ii, i, 332 .

Pan danu s luz o n en sis, i, 334 .

Pan dan us radicans , i, 334 .

Pan dan us sim plex , i, 336 .

Pandan us tecto r ius , i, 336 .

Pericam pylus g laucus , i , 3 75 .

Po th o s sp p . , i, 354 .

R ap h ido p h o ra sp p . , i, 356 .

Rhyn ch o spo ra c o rym bo sa , i, 352 .

Sch izo s tachyum difiusum , i, 264 .

Sch izo s tachyum fen ixii, i , 265 .

260 INDEX

Bas ke ts— Co n tinued .

Sch iz o stach yum lima , i, 2 64 .

Sch iz o s tachyum lum am p ao , i, 2 64 .

Scirpus g ro s sus , i, 353 .

S ten o chlaen a palustris , i, 323 .

Typha a/ngus tifo lia , i, 330 .

Bassia betis :Descriptio n an d distributio n , ii, 1 66.

Fig ure , i i,1 65 , 1 67 .

Lo ca l n am es , ii, 1 66 .

I llum inan t , ii, 1 66 .

Medic in a l , iii, 2 19.

Bassia o bo vatifo lia :

Des criptio n and distribu tio n , ii, 364 .

Lo ca l n am e , ii, 3 64 .

Fo o d , ii, 364 .

Basto n de San J o s e , see Co s tus sp ecio sus .

Basu it , see Pitto spo rum p en tandrum .

Batad, see A n dr o p o g o n halepen s is .

Batad , see A n dro p o g o n s or g hum .

Batad-bataran , see A n dro p o g o n h a lepen si s .

Batag -batag , see A eg iceras c o rn icula tum .

Batakan , see Bam bus a spin o sa .

Batan g -batang , see Cissam pel o s pareira .

Bat an o , see Gerbera m ang has .

Bat’an o , see Exc o ecar ia ag allo cha.

Ba tarau , see Ca l o phyl lum in o p h yllum .

Batbat , see A ren g a trem u la .

Batete , s ee Kin g io den olro n altern ifo lium .

Batete in cen se :

Kin g io den dro n al tern ifo l ium , ii, 2 08 .

Bat ikalan g , see A ls to n ia m acr o phylla .

Batik o ling , s ee Para lsto n ia c lus iacea .

Bat ik o lin g , see R auw o lfia am s on iaefo lia.

Bat in g see Cas tan o psis p h ilip p en sis .

Bat ing , see Lum n itzera litto rea .

B atin o , see A ls to n ia. macro phylla .

Bat o -bat o , see Merrem ia emarg in ata .

Batuakan,see Ch iso ch e to n cum in g ian us .

B atuan , see Garcin ia binu cao .

Batuhan , see A na car dium o cc iden ta le .

Batukanag , see A g laia h arm sian a .

Batutan g -uak ,see Luffa cylindr ica .

Bauan , see A m a ran thu s v iridis .

Ba’uan , s ee A maran thus spin o sus .

Bauang , s ee A ll ium sativum .

B aug in , s ee Bam bu sa spin o sa .

Bauhin ia cum in g ian a

Descr ipt io n , and distributio n , i, 3 79.


Fibe r, i, 379 .

Bauh in ia ma labaricaDes criptio n and dis tributio n , ii, 290 .

Fig u re, ii, 2 91 .

Lo ca l n am es ,ii, 288 .

Fo o d flav o rin g , ii, 290.

Medic in a l, iii, 189.

Bau in g , see Ocim um basilicum .

Bau it , see Harriso n ia perfo rata.

Baunal, see Sm i la x chin a .

Baun o , se e Mang ifera caesia .

Baut, see H eritiera litto ra lis .

B ayabasp see Psidium g uajava .

Bayabas -uak , s ee Capparis m icra ca/n tha .

Bayag -kabayo ,see H er itiera lit to ralis .

Bayag kambin g , see Caesa lp in ia cris ta .

Bayag -usa, s ee Gerbera m an g has .

Bayag u sa, see Garden ia p s eudo p s idium .

Bayag -u sa, see Paralsto n ia clusiacea .

Bayam bang , s ee A ma ran thu s spin o sus .

Bayan g bang , see Nephro lepis h irsu tu la.

Bayan t i, see A g la ia g lom e rata .

Bayan t"

s ee A g laia h arm s ian a .

Baya o see Pter o cym bium tin c to rium .

Bayating , s ee Tin um is c ium philippin en se.

Bayauas , see Ps idium g uaj a aa.

Bayayat , see Stercul ia cun ea ta .

Bay it , see Cycas rum p li i i .

Bay o g , see A g la ia h arm Sian a .

Bayo g , see Bam busa spin o sa .

Bayo g , s ee Dendro ca lam u s me rrillianus .

Bay o g , see Ptero sperm um div ers ifo lium .

Bayo g , see I’iers o p erm um n iv eum .

Bayo g , see Ptero sperm um o bliquum .

Bayo g -bay o j , see Ptero sperm um diversifo lium .

Bayo g -bayo g , s ee Ptero sperm um o bliquum .

Baybk , see Ptero sperm um div ersifo lium .

Bay o k , see Pter o sperm um n iv eum .

Bayo k-bay ék . see Mo m o rdica c o chin chin ensis .

Baybk-bayékan , see Ptero sperm um n iveum .

Bayo ng , see Ptero sperm um divers ifo lium .

Bayo n g bm , see Ch is o ch e t o n cum ing ianus .

Bayug t in , see Pter o sperm um n iveum .

Bayuk , s ee Ptero sperm um diversifo lium .

Bayuk o , see A r to carpu s cum in g iana .

Bayuk o , see A rto carpus ru bro v em’

a.

Bayuko , see Cym n arto carp u s w o o dn .

Bayuk o , s ee Ptero spe rm um o bliquum .

Bayuktuan ,s ee Cas tan o ps is p h ilip p en sis .

Bay-yatin g , see A n am irta co c cu lus .

Bayyét, see Euph o ria didym a .

Beach pan dan , see Pan dan u s tecto rius .

Beads :

Co rypha e la ta, i, 192 .

Ocim um san c tum ,ii, 2 18 .

Bebit, see Caesa lpin ia cris ta .

Beg o n ia ceae :

Fo o d p lan ts , 11 , 352 .

B eg o n ia sp p

Fo o d flav o ring ,1 1 , 352 .

Bélis , see A ren ga trem u la .

Be lis an see Ptych o rap h is c lm eri.

Be ltsGle ichen ia lin earis , i, 326.

Mu sa textilis i, 364 .

Beng lalin g , see Gr ew ia m ultiflo ra .

B eng laréng , see Grewia bdam e lla ta.

B engu et l i ly, see Lilium phi lipp in en sis .

B enguet pin e , see Pinus in su laris .

Ben in casa h ispidaD istribu tio n ,

1 1 1 , 2 4 1 .

Lo cal n am es , 11 1, 2 4 1 .

Medic ina l , iii, 2 4 1 .

Ben o il :

Mo rin g a o leifera ,1 1, 1 04 .

B erber ida cea e :Dyes , 1 1 , 388 .

Be ren g ena , see S o lanum m elo n g en a .

B erm uda grass, see Cyn o do n dactylo n .

B ete l nut pa lm , see A re ca c ate chu .

B ete l pa lm , see A reca cate chu .

262 INDEX

B lo wg un sLiv is to n a co chin ch in en sis , i , 2 1 6 .

Livis to n a ro tu n difo lia , i, 2 1 6 .

Sch iz o stach yum lima , i, 2 64 .

B lum ea balsam iferaDescriptio n an d distribu tio n , 1 1 , 224 .

Figu re , ii, 22 3 .


Fish po is o n , iii, 82 .

Med ic in e , ii, 222 ; iii, 75 , 24 3 .

B o a , see A reca ca techu .

B oho , see Stercu lia fo etida .

B o b o aya, see Flag e llaria in dica .

Bo b o g , see S tercu lia fo e tida .

B o bo i, see Ceiba pen tan dra .

Bo bo i-gubat , see S tercu lia luz o n ica .

B o bo n o té n , see Citrus m axim a .

Bo bo r, see B om bax c eiba .

B6bo r, see S tercu lia fo etida .

B o do bo do , see A bro m a fas tuo sa .

Bo ehm eria n iveaDes criptio n an d distributio n , i, 3 74 .

Lo cal n am es , i , 37 3 .

Fiber, i , 37 3 .

Bo g a , see A reca v idalian a .

B o g a, see Dio sco rea escu len ta .

B o g o , see Garug a abilo .

B o g o n , see Mu ssaen da p h ilip p ica .

B o haue , see Dys o xylum dec an drum .

Bo h o , see Gig an tich lo a lev is .

B o h o , see Sch izo s tachyum brachyo ladum .

Bo h o , see Sch iz o stachyum lum am p ao .

B o h o -bo h o , see Lan tana cam ara .

Bo b okan , see Cyath o ca lyx g lo bo sus .

Bo ibé i, see Ceiba pen tan dra .

B o kabo k , se e Scaev o la fru tescens .

Bo kau i, see Sch izo s tachyum lumam p ao .

Bo k it , see Harris o n ia perfo ra ta .

B o k o , se e Gigan tichl o a lev is .

B o k o bo k o , see Clero dendr o n m inahassae .

B o letu s s p p

Descriptio n , iii 1 1 6 .

Edible fun g i, 11 1, 1 1 6 .

B o lidtadhan , see Dalber g ia ferrug in ea .

3 0 16 , see Gig an to ch lo a levis .

B o lo , see Sch iz o stachyum lum am p ao .

130 16 11 , see A lp h o n sea arbo rea .

Bo lo n g , see F la co ur tia in dica .

Bo lo n g k o yan , see Pitto sp o r um p en tand rum .

B o l o n g -sin a , see Den dro ca lam us latiflo rus .

Bo lo n g -tam bal , see C ler o den dro n in term edium .

B o m bacac eae :Fiber p lan ts , i, 392 .

Man gro v e swam ps , 1 , 40 .

Medic inal plan ts , 1 1 1 , 2 10 .

Oils , ii; 1 50 .

B o m bax ce iba :Descriptio n and distributio n , i , 394 .

Lo cal n am es , i , 392 .

Fiber, i, 392 .

Medic in a l , iii, 2 1 0 .

Ten s ile stren g th , i, 32 1 .

Bo m bycide n dro n v idalian um :

Descriptio n and dis tribu tio n , i, 38

Lo cal n am es , i, 386 .

f

l .

Bo m byciden dro n v idalian u ’mr— Co nt inued.

F iber, i, 387 .

Ten s ile stren g th ,i, 32 1 .

B o nbo n , see Do n ax can na efo rm is .

B o ng a , see S tercu lia o bl o n g ata .

B o ri'

g és , see Term in a l ia c o m in tan a .

B o n g bo n g , see S ch iz o s ta chyum dielsianum .

B o n g bo n g , see Sch iz o s tachyum diffusum .

B o n g o g , see S tercul ia fo etida .

Bo n g o n , see A l laea n thu s g laber .

B o n étan , see S tercu lia stipu laris .

Do—o , see X im en ia am erican a .

B o o bo o , see Pinus insularis .

B o o to n , s ee Barr in g to n ia as ia tica .

Bo rn eo ta llo wSho rea balan g eran ,

11,1 60 .

Is o ptera bo rn een s is , 1 1 , 1 60 .

B o rrag ina ceae :

Fiber p lan ts , 1 , 409 .

Fo o d plan ts , 11 , 3 7 3 .

Gum s , ii , 88.

Me d ic inal plan ts , 1 1 1 , 2 2 7 .

B o rrer ia h isp ida .

D istribu tio n , 1 11 , 2 38 .

Lo cal n am e , 1 11 , 238 .

Med icin al , 1 11 , 2 38 .

B o rsa ri‘

g a dadakk él, see Kylling a mo n o cep h ala .

B o sb o ro n , s ee S caevo la fru tesc en s .

B o sbo to n es , see Kyllin ga m o n o cep hala .

Bo to , see Scaevo la fru tes cen s .

Bo to b o to n is , see Eupho rbia hir ta .

Bo to b o to n is , see Sp h aeran thus afr icanus .

Bo to n , see Barrin g to n ia as ia tica .

B o to n c illo , s ee Kyllin g a m o n o cep hala .

B o to ng , s ee B arrin g t o n ia asia tica .

B o t éng , see Den dr o cala m u s la t iflo ru s .

B o t o n g , see Gigan to ch lo a lev is .

B o to n o il

Barring to n ia asia tica , 11 , 1 61 .

Bo tt lesPalaqu ium ah ern ian um , 1 1 , 80 .

B o tto n is see Eupho rbia hir ta .

Bo ws

L ivisto n a co chin chin en s is , i , 2 16 .

Liv is to n a r o tundifo lia ,i,2 1 6 .

Bo xes

Lyg o dium sp p . , i , 32 6 .

Brea , s ee Canarium v illo sum .

Breadfruit , s ee A rt o carpu s co mm u n is .

Breyn ia rham n o idesDistribu tio n , iii , 198 .

Lo c al n am es , 1 11, 1 98 .

Med icina l , mi, 198.

Bro m e liaceaeFiber plan ts , 1 , 356 .

Fo o d plan ts , 1 1 , 2 56 .

Bro o m s

A n dro p o g o n z izan io ides , i, 338 .

A ren g a pin na ta 1 , 150.

Co co s n u cifera ,1 , 1 84 .

Co rypha e lata ,i , 192 .

Liv is to na co chin chin en sis , i, 2 1 6 .

Ma lvas trum co r oma n delin um , i, 388.

Nipa fru ticans , i, 222 .

Oryza sativa,i , 342 .

INDEX 263

Bro o m s— Co n tinued .

Phragm ites karka , i, 342 .

Phragm ites v ulg aris , i, 342 .

Saccharum Sp o n taneum ,i , 3 44 .

Th ysan o laen a m ax im a , i, 346.

Bro wnl o w ia lan ceo lataDescriptio n , i, 4 0.

Lo c al n am e , i , 4 0 .

Brucea am ariss im a :

Des criptio n and distributio n , iii, 68 , 195 .

Lo c al n am es , iii, ‘68 , 195 .

Medic in a l, iii, 68 , 1 95 .

Brug u iera caryo p h yllo ides , see Brug u iera

cylin drica .

Brug u iera c o n jug a ta :

Descriptio n , i, 4 8 , 5 0 , 52 .

D istribu t io n ,i , 22 .

Figu re , i, 5 1 , 91 .

Lo ca l n am es , i , 52 . é'

Fi rew o o d, i, 1 12—1 1 7 .

Tann in , i , 1 1 9— 1 24

Tim ber, i, 52 .

Sta n ds , i, 86- 99 .

Brug u ie ra cylin drica :Descriptio n , i , 48 , 5 0 , 54 .

Distribut io n , i , 22 , 54 .

F igu re , i, 5 6, 5 7 .

Lo c al n am es , i, 54 .

Bru gu iera erio p e ta la , see Brug u iera sea-an

g ula .

Brug u iera g ym n o rrh iza , see Brug u iera c o n

j ug a ta .

Bru g u iera p arviflo ra :

Des cript io n , 1 48 , 5 0 , 58 .

D istributio n , 1 , 22 , 58 .

Fig ure , 1, 59 , 6 1 .


Firew o o d , 1, 1 1 2— 1 1 6 .

Sta n ds , i. 86—99.

Tan n in , i, 1 1 9— 1 2 4

Tim ber, i, 58 .

Brug uiera sexan g ula :

Descriptio n, i , 48 , 50 , 52 , 54 .

Distribu tio n , i, 2 2 .

Figure , i , 53 , 55 .


Stan ds , i , 96—99.

Tan n in , i, 1 20— 12 4 .

Tim be r, i, 52 .

B’ru s , see B rug u iera p arv iflo ra .

Brush es :

A ren g a p inn a ta , i, 1 5 0 .

Co co s n u cifera , i , 1 84 , 2 44 .

Bua,see A reca ca tech u .

Bua-bua , see Eug en ia m an a n qu il.

Bualt ik , see Lo n icera phil ipp ine n s is .

Buas , see Ma llo tu s ph il ippine ns is .

Bubabo t , see Phyllan thu s re ticula tus .

Bubahan , see Lansium dubium .

Bubo g , see S tercul ia fo e tida .

Bubua , see A g la ia ev ere ttii .

Bubu i , see Ce iba pen tan dra .

Bubu i-gubat , s ee B o m bax ceiba .

Bubui-gubat , see Thespes ia po pu ln ea .

Bubunau , see A g la ia ev erettii .

Bubur, see Stercu l ia fo e tida .

Bubu tig an , see Brug u iera p arv iflo ra .

E u-buyan , see A sc lepias curassav ica .

Ench id, see Im pera ta cy lin dr ica .

Buddleia as ia tica

D istribu tio n , 1 11 , 22 0 .

Lo cal n am e s , 1 1 1 , 2 20 .

Medic in al , iii, 2 20 .

Buen g , see A c o rus calam u s .

B ugalo t , s ee Garc in ia v idal ii.Bugan g , see Saccharum sp o n tan eum .

Bug ayau , see Euph o rbia h ir ta .

Bugayo n g -c h ina , s ee A de na n thera in term edia .

Bug ayun g , see A brus pr ec ato rius .

Bug bug ay o n g , see A brus p recato r iu s .

Bug kau , see To dda l ia a sia tica .

Bug n a i , see A n tides ma bun ius .

Bug n an , see J us tic ia g en darus sa .

Bug ne l , see A n tidesm a bun iu s .

Bug n é i , see Tylo pho ra bre v ipes .

Bug n o -n ég ro , see J u sticia g en darussa .

Bug o , see Garn g a abilo .

Bug o s , see A cal yph a in dica .

Bugub i, s ee Th ysan o laen a m axim a .

Bugubu i, see Th ysa/no laen a m ax im a .

Buhai-buhai, se e Typha an g us t ifo lia .

Buh o, see Sch iz o s tachyum lum am p ao .

Bu i, see Mu sa erran s .

Bu ibu i, see Thysan o laena m axim a .

Bu is , see Bru gu iera cylin drica .

Buk ad, see Dip lo dis cus pan iculatu s .

Bukadkad, see B lum ea balsam ifera .

Bukakau , see A n dro po g o n s o rg hum .

Buk itk it , see Mucun a n ig rican s .

Buk -ka lau , see Eupho ria didyma .

Bukkau , see To dda l ia as iatica .

Bukfian , see Strychn o s m ultiflo ra .

Bulag ak , see Uvar ia s o rzo g o n en sis .

Bul ag un , see Trium fetta bartram ia .

Bula i patan i, see Phas e o lus luna tu s .

Bula k , se e Ce iba pen tan dra .

Bu lakan , see Ip o m o ea dig ita ta .

Bulakan , see Merrem ia n ym p h aeifo lia .

Bulakan , see Stercu l ia cun eata .

Bulakau i, see F la g e lla ri a in dica .

Bulak-bulakan , see Merrem ia n ym p h ae ifo lia .

Bulak-bu lakan , see The spes ia lam pas .

Bulak -dam o , see A s c lep ias cwrassav ica .

Bulak-do n do l , s ee Ce iba pen tan dra .

Bulak-kas t i la , s ee A sc lep ias curassav ica .

B lilak-kastila, see Ce iba p en tan dra .

Bulak-manfik , see A g eratum co n yz o ides .

Bulak-sin o , see Ceiba pen tan dra .

Bu lala, see Nau c lea o r ien tal is .

Bu lala,see Neph e lium m utabile .

Bu lala o il

Nephe lium. m u tabile , 11 , 1 5 0 .

Bulali, see A eg iceras co rn icula tum .

Bulan in i, se e Dalberg ia cum in g ian a .

Bu lau , see Canar ium lu z o n icum .

Bu lb1'1] , see Pin us in sular is .

Bulbulin , see H e lic teres hirsu ta .

Bulbulin , se e Malachra cap ita ta .

Bu li , see Co rypha elata .

Bu lin au , see Bam bus a v u lg aris .

Bu ln o , see Liv is to na ro tun difo lia .

Bulég , see A g laia everet tii.

264

Bul o g , see A g laia g lom erata .

Bu lo i, see Dio s co rea divarica ta .

Bu lo kbulo k , se e Lum n itzera litto rea .

Bulu , see Sch izo stachyum lum am p ao .

Bu lubadian g , see Cerio ps ro xburgh iana .

Bulubuaia, see Fagraea racem o sa.

Bu lubukh o n , see s‘Grewia m ultiflo ra .

Bulubu luhan , see Malachra capita ta .

Bu lug ai, see Dip lo discus pan icul atu s .

Buluh an , see Malach ra capita ta .

Bum itan , see Man g ifera al tissim a .

Bunag , see Gar cin ia venu lo sa .

Bunayo n , see So nneratia caseo laris .

Bun eg , see Garcin ia du lcis .

Buneg , see Garcin ia v en u lo sa .

Bfiii'

ga, s ee A reca catechu.

Bufi'

g a , see A reca hu tch ins o n iana .

BurTga, see A rto carpus rubro v en ia .

B arTga, see Oran ia palin dan .

Bung a ,s ee Stercu lia o bl o n g a ta .

BurTga de Ch in a , see A do n idia m errillii.

Bun'

g a de J o lo , see A do n idia m errillii .

Bun g a l , see Zan th o xylum avic enna e .

Burigalo n , see A v icenn ia o fi‘lc in al is .

INDEX

Bufigalo n , see Cam p to s tem o n philippin en se .

Bun'

galo n , see So n n era tia caseo laris .

Buri'

g a-m ach in , see Pin an g a sp p .

Buri'

g a n a tukayo n g , see Pinan ga sp p .

Buri g an g -gubat , see A reca wh itfo rdii.

B fin‘

gang-ipo t , see A reca ipo t.Bun gat, see S tercu lia s tipu lar is .

Bungkal o t, see Citrus sp .

Bun g kulan , see Eug en ia m anan quil.

Bun g las , see Stercu lia o blo n ga ta .

Bun g o g , s ee Stercu lia fo etida .

Bun g o n , see A lla ean thus g laber.

Bung o n , see A l laea/nthus luz o n icus .

Bur’

fg uas , see A g laia ev ere ttii .

Bun lau , see J ustic ia g en darussa .

Bun lo s , see Term in al ia ca lam an sana i.

Bun nai, see A n tidesm a bun ius .

Bun o g , see Garcin ia ven u l o sa .

Bun o t-bun o t, see Me lo chia um bellata .

Bun s ilak , see Elaeo carpus calomal a .

Bun s o g , see A g a th is al ba .

Bun tata i, see Ehretia m icro phy lla .

Bun to t-kapo n , see A splen ium ma cro phyllum .

Bun to t-leo n , see H e lio tro pium in dicum .

Bun to t-usa, see H e licteres h irsu ta .

Bun tug an , see Dys o xylum decan drum .

Buntut-buaia, see R o tala aquatica.

Bun tut-pa lo s , see San sevieria zeylan ica .

Bunug , see Garcinia vidal i i .Bun us , see Caruga abil o .

Bunut , see Rubus c im er i.

Buragris , see Garcinia binu cao .

Burak , see Cana/ng ium o do ra tum .

Bu rakan , see Merrem ia nym p h aeifo lia .

Burakan , see Op erculin a turp e thum .

Buratu, see Gym n ar to carp us w o o dii.

Buri, s ee Co rypha e lata .

Burirau , see Bam busa vulgaris .

Burseraceae

Fo o d plan ts , 11 , 300 .

Medic inal plants , iii, 196 .

"t

Burseraceae— Continued.Oils , ii, 1 14 .

Resin s , ii, 40 .

Tann in s, i ii , 94 .

Buru, see Dip lo discu s pan iculatus .

Burubayo ké , see Coix lach rym a-jobi .Burubugn éi, see Psy ch otria luz o n ien sis.

Buru iu , see Pa/nda nus c o p elan dii.Busai-in g , see Brug u iera con jug ata.Busé in , see Brugu iera. co njugate .

Busé in , see Bruguiere cy lin drica.Busém , see Brugu iera sexan g ula .

Busi in g , see Brugu iera sexan gula .

Busbu s i, see Lippia n o diflo ra .

Busbus ilas , see Tabernaem on tana pan dacaqui.Busel-busel

,see Cleroden dron in erm e.

Bus ig an ,see Go n o caryum ca lleryanum .

Busi-in g , see Brug uiera, con jug ata .

Busikad, see Kyllinga m o n o cep hala.

Bu s ikag‘, see Gu ioa koe lreuteria.

En s inai,see Ficus m in ahassae.

Busuan g a, see Cassia alata .

Buté , see Excoecaria agallo cha .

Buta-buté , see Cerbera m o n g k o s.Buta-buté , see Excoecaria ag allo cha.

Bu télau , see Calophyllum inOp hyllum .

Butérik , see Aden an thera in term edia .Butig an , see Phaleria cum ing i i .

Butlé , see Gyrin o p sis cum ing iana.

Butn on g , se e Klein h o via h ospita.‘Butn on g ,

see Pterosperm um obliquum .

Butéan -p ulé , see Uva/ria, so rzo g o n en sis .

Buto -buté , see Cerbero m o n g k o s .

Butuhan, see Musa erro n s.Butor, see Sch iz o s tachyum diels ia/nurn .

Butor, see Sch iz o s tachyum diffusum .

Butterfly o rch id, see Phal aen op sis am abil is .

Butter substitu teCo c o s n ucifera

,n , 93 .

Elaeis gu in een sis , ii, 1 03 .

Sesam um orien tale, u ,1 68 .

Button s :Coryph a e lata, i, 192 .

Coelococcus am icarum ,i, 1 92 .

Butun , see Dendrocalam us latiflo rus .

Bu tunalag a, see Garden ia p seudo ps idium .

Butus, see Litsea g lutin osa.BuxaceaePo iso nous plan ts, m , 80.

Buwus r o lfei

Fish poison, in,80 .

Buyayéra ,see Euph orbia h irta.

Buyo , see Piper betle .

BuyoA do n idia me rrilli i , i, 1 39.

Areca ou liao, i, 1 47 .

Areca catech u,i,1 44 .

Areca ipot, i, 148 .

H etero ep a th e elata i 2 1 0.

On co sp erm a spp . , i, 23 1 , 232 .

Pin an g a spp . ,i, 236 .

Buyo buyo , see Piper betle .

Buyo-buyo, see Piper retro fractum .

Buy on ,see Mus saen da p h ilip p ica .

266 INDEX

Calophy llum blan c o i— Con tinued .Dy e , ii, 400.


Calophyl lum in o p hyllum

Description and distribution i i 1 59.

Fig ure, 1 1, 1 57 .

Lo cal n am es, ii, 15 6 .

Bitaog o il , 1 1 , 1 58 .

Confection co n tain ers, ii, 340.


Plan ting ,1 1, 1 59.

Tann in , iii, 94 .

Calo tr o p is g ig an tea :D istribution iii, 2 24 .

Lo ca l n am e iii, 224 .

Med icin al , m , 22 4 .

Camag on , see Dio spyros dis co lor .Cam p an elo ,

see Th evetia peruv ian a.

Campanero, see A llam an da cath art ica.

Cam pan ero, see Th ev etia peruv ian a .

Cam pan illa, see A llam an da catha rtica .

Cam pan illa azul , see Ipom oea h ederacea .

Cam ph or :Blum ea balsam ifera , ii, 222 .

Cm n p to s tem o n ph il ippin en se :Description , i, 4 2 .

Figure, i, 41 .

Local nam es, i, 40 .

Firewood, i, 42 .

Can an g ium odoratum :

Description and d istribution,ii, 2 00 .

Figu re, 1 1 , 191 , 193.

Local n am es , ii, 1 89.

A dulte ran ts of o il, ii, 1 97 .

Classification of o il , 11, 194 .

Com pos ition of o il,ii, 1 98 .

D istil lation , 1 1, 1 92 , 196 .

Exports of o il , ii, 190.

Extraction w ith so lv en ts,ii

,1 96 .

Grow th, ii , 1 98 .

Ilan g -ilan g o il, ii, 1 89 .

Manufacture of o il, ii, 1 90 .

Plan ting , 11,1 98 .

Can arium lu z o n icum :

Description an d distribution,ii, 48 .

Fig ure , ii , 4 1 , 43 .

Local n am es , ii, 40 .

A n alysis and d istillation of Man ila elem i45—48.

Export of Man ila elem i, u , 42 .

Food , ii, 239, 300.

Meth od of tapp in g , 1 1

Medicinal, iii, 1 96 .

Tan n in , iii , 94 .

Uses of Man ila elem i, ii, 42 .

Cn'frarium ovatum :

Description and distribution, ii, 1 1 7 .

F igure , ii, 1 15 .


Con fec tion,ii

, 302 .

Food , ii, 302 .

Pili-n u t o il, ii, 1 1 4 .

Can arium v ill osumDescription and distribution ii

,50 .

Figure, ii, 5 1 .

Lo cal n am es , 1 1, 49.

44 .

i'

i

Canarium v illo surw— Con tinued .A n alys is of res in , ii, 49 .

Medicin al , iii, 196 .

Uses of resin , ii, 49 .

Cana rium w illiam si iDescription and d istribution u 302 .

Figu re, 1 1 , 301 .

Lo cal nam e, ii, 302 .

Food, 11 , 302 .

Can dles :Cocos n ucifera , 11

,93 .

Elaeis g u in ee 'n sis , 1 1 , 1 03 .

Hern an dia ov ig era, ii, 1 03 .

Jatroph a curcas, n , 1 4 0 .

Pon g am ia pin n ata, ii, 1 1 1 .

Sh orea ba lan g eran , 1 1 , 1 60 .

Shorea bo rn een s is , u , 1 60 .

Can ela, see Cin nam om um me rcado i.

Can ela , see Cinn am om um m in dan aen se .

Can es , see W alk ing sti ck s .Canna , see Carma indica.Car ma in dicaD is tribution

,1 11 1 78 .

Lo cal n am es , i n , 1 78 .

Me d ic in al,iii

,1 78 .

Cann aceaeMedic inal plan ts, 1 11 , 1 78.

Can sc o ra difiu sa :

Distribution, i n , 22 1 .

Local nam es,1 11

, 22 1 .

Medic in al, 1 11 , 22 1 .

Cafia-bojo , see S ch iz o s tachyum lum am p a o .

Cafia espin a, see Bam busa sp inosa.Gana-fistu la , see Cassia fistula .

Cafia-p istu la , see Cassia fistula .

CapparidaceaeFoo d plan ts

,1 1

,282 .

Medicin al plan ts , iii, 188 .

Capparis h orr ida :

Des cription and distribution , 11, 282 .

Local n am es,ii, 282 .

Food, 1 1 , 282 .

Medic in al , iii,1 88 .

Cappar is m icracarith a :Description and distribution 11 284 .

Lo cal n am es , ii, 282 .

Food , 1 1 , 2 84 .


Capr ifolia c eaeF iber plan ts

,i , 4 09 .

Capsi cum frutescens :Description and d is tribution , u , 37 4 .

Lo cal n am es , 1 1 , 3 73 .

Con dim en t, n,3 74 .

Dye , n ,404 .

Medic inal , iii, 72 .

Capsicum m in im um,see Capsicum frutescen s .

Cardboard ( substitute for )Areca catechu , i, 144 .

Cardiosperm um h al ica cabum :

D istribution , iii, 2 03 .

Lo cal n am es,m

, 2 03 .

Med icin al,iii

, 2 03 .

CaricaceaeMedic in al plan ts , ii i, 2 13 .

INDEX 267

Carica papayaD istribution , iii, 2 1 3 .

Local n am es, iii, 2 13 .

Med icin al , iii, 2 13 .

Carriers' poles .

L iv istona coch in ch in en sis i, 2 1 6 .

Liv iston a r o tun difo le’

a,i, 2 1 6 .

Carum copticumDistribution , iii, 2 18 .

Lo cal n am es , iii, 2 18 . i"

Medicinal,iii

, 2 18 .

Caryota cum in g i i

Description , 1 180 ,1 82 .

D istributi on ,1, 1 82 .

Lo cal n am es , i, 1 82 .

Uses 1 1 82 .

Caryota m aj es tica ,i,1 80 .

Caryota m e rrillii, i, 180.

Caryota m itis :Description , i, 1 80 .

D istribution ,i,1 82 .

l ocal n am es , i, 1 82 .

Orn am en ta l , i, 1 82 .

Carwo ta rum p h ian a

Des cription , i, 180 .

Fig ure, i, 1 79 , 18 1 , 1 83 .

Lo cal n am es , i , 1 82 .

Orn am ental , i, 1 82 .

Caryota sppA lcohol ic drink ,

i i,252 .

Starch , 11,252 .

Caryota uren s, i , 243 .

Cash ew nut , see Anacardium o cciden tale .

Cash ew-n ut o il

An acardium occiden tale, ii, 1 4 6 .

Cassava, see Man ih ot utilissim a .

Cassia al ataD istribution

,iii

,1 90 .

Local n am es , iii, 190 .

Medic in al , iii, 1 90.

Cassia fistulaD istribution

,iii

, 1 90 .


Medicinal, iii, 190.

Cassia m im o s o ides

D istribution , iii 1 90 .

Local n am es,1 1 1 , 1 90 .

Medicin al , iii, 190.

Cassia occiden tal i s :D istribution

,11 1

,190 .

Local n am es iii, 190 .

Medicinal, 111 190 .

Ca ssia s o ph era

D istribution, iii 1 90 .

i"

Loc al n am es , 11 1, 190 .

Medic in al iii, 190 .

Cassia toraDistribution , iii, 191 .

Local nam es , iii, 191 .


Cassie flow er, see A cacia farn es ian a .Cassie -flo wer o il

Acacia farn esiana , n . 2 04.

Castanas , see A n aco lo sa luz o n ien sis .

Cas tarwp sis p h ilip p en s is

Des crip tion and d is tribution , 1 1, 2 60 .

Figu re, ii, 2 6 1 .

Local n am es , ii, 2 60 .

Foo d, ii, 260 .

Castor o ilRicinus commun is , 11 , 143.

Castor-o il p lant , see R icin us com m un is.Casuarin aceae

Medicin al plan ts , in , 1 79 .

Casuarin a equ iset ifo lia

D istribution . iii, 1 79.

Local n am es , 1 11 , 1 79.

Medic inal, 111 , 1 79.

Cat-tai l , see Typh a an g ustifolia .Cattle foodCeiba pen tan dra, 11 , 1 50 .

Sesam um orien tale, ii, 1 68 .

Caulk in gAren g a pinn ata, 1 , 1 50 .

Caryota cum ing i i , i , 1 82 .

Caryota m aj es tica , i, 182 .

Caryota m errilli i , i , 1 82 .

Caryota m itis , i, 182 .

Caryota rum p h ian a,i, 182 .

Co cos n ucifera, i 1 84 .

Caulk in g m aterialAg ath is alba, 11 , 20 .

An isoptera thurifera, 1 1 , 52 .

Can arium luzo n icum , 11 , 42 .

Can arium v il losum ,1 1 , 49.

Dipterocarpus g ran diflo ru s 1 1 . 54 .

Dipterocarpus *vern icifluu s , 1 1 , 62 .

Cebollas de l m on te , see Geo do rum nutan s .Ceiba pen tan draDescr iption and dis tribution ,

i , 394 ; 1 1 ,

1 52 , 1 54 .

Fig ure, ii, 1 51 .

Local nam es , i, 394 ; 1 1 , 150 .

F iber, i , 394 .

Kapok o il, ii, 152 .

Medicin al , 1 11,2 1 0 .

Ce lastraceaeMed icin al plan ts , 1 1 1 . 2 02 .

Oi ls , 1 1 , 1 47 .

Ce lastrus pan iculataDescription an d distribution 14 7 : 11 1 ,

2 02 .

Local n am es , 1 11 , 202 .

Medicinal , m , 202 .

Oil, ii, 1 47 .

Ce lery , see Ap ium g ra/veolen s.Ce losia arg en teaDis tribution , ii i 184 .

Lo cal n am es , 111 , 1 84 .

Medicin al , 111 , 1 84 .

Cen tella asiatic aDescription and distribution , 1 11 , 69 .

Local n am es, iii, 69.

Med icinal, iii, 69 218.

Cen tipeda m inim aDistribution ,

iii, 244 .

Local n am es , iii, 2 44 .


268 INDEX

Cep ha lo s tachyum m indo ren se

Des cription and di stribution, i, 260.

Figu re, i, 288.

Lo cal n am e, i , 2 60.

Cer bera m angh as

Description and dis tribution,i, 76.

Figure, i, 79.

Local n am es, i, 76.

Il lum inan t, ii , 1 68 .

Medicin al, iii, 222 .

Cerbera o do llam , see Cerbera ma n g h as .

Ceréza, see Mun tin g ia calabura.

Ceriop s cando lleana , see Cerio p s tagal ,

Ceriop s ro xburg hianaDescription , i, 60, 62 .

Distribution , i, 22 .

Fig ure, i, 63 , 64 .

Loca l n am es , i, 62 .

Dye , i, 1 22 .

Tan n in , i, 121—1 24 .

Tim ber, i, 62 .

Ceriop s tagalDescrip tion , i, 60, 62 .


Local n am es , i, 60 .

Dye , i, 122 .

Firewood , i, 1 12— 1 14 .

Stands , i , 86— 99 .

Tann in , i, 1 19—124 .

Tim ber, i, 60 .

Cha , see Eh retia m icrophyl la .Cha , see Guioa koe lreu ter ia .Chach aban , see Lipp ia n o diflo ra .

Ch aeto sp erm um g lutin osumDis tribution , iii, 1 93.



ChairsCalam us spp . , i, 1 58.

Daem o n o ro p s spp . , i, 2 05 .

Ko rthalsia spp. , i, 2 12 .

Sch izo s tachyum difius um , i, 2 64 .

Champaka, see Mich e lia cham paca.Ch am pak a o il

Mich elia Ch am paka , ii, 1 85 .

Cham pakan g -pula, see Mich elia ch am paca.Ch ampakang-puti, see Mich e lia lo n g iflo ra.

Cham p akang -puti o ilMich e lia lo u g ifio ra, 11 , 188.

Ch anang , see Bixa orellan a .Chang-bato , see Ca/nsco ra difi

’usa.

Chang -g ubat, see Eh retia m icrophylla .Ch arcoalCo cos n u cifera

,i, 1 84 .

Chen g am , s ee Scyp h ip h o ra h ydr o p hylla cea .

Ch en opodiacea eMedicinal p lan ts , iii, 67 , 183.

Ch en opodium am brosioides :Des cription and distribution , iii, 67, 183.

Local n am es, iii, 67 , 183.

Medicinal, iii, 67 , 1 83 .

Ch ew in g g um

Artocarpus cum in g iana, 11, 7 0.

Artocarpus elastica, ii, 70 .

Ch ich irica , see Lo chn era rosea.

Ch ic le g umAch ras sapota, 11 , 73 .

Ch i co , see A chxras sapota.Chi le-m an uk , see Asclepias curassa'

vica .

Ch i le pepp er, see Capsicum frutescen s .Ch ina grass , see Boehmeria n ivea.Ch ipubu, see Artocarpus comm un is.Ch is o ch eto n cum in g ianus

Description and distribution , 1 1, 1 18.

Figu re, ii, 1 19.

Lo cal n am es, i i, 1 1 7 .

Balukanag o il, 1 1, 1 1 7

Ch is o ch eto n p en tandrus

Description and distribu tion , 1 1 , 1 18 .

Fig ure, ii, 121 .

Local nam es , ii, 1 1 8 .

Hair cosm etic , 1 1 , 1 18 .

Medicinal, iii, 196.Ch loran th aceaeMedicinal p lan ts, in , 180.

Ch loran thus brachystachysDistribution , iii, 1 80.

Local nam es, iii, 180 .

Medicinal iii, 180.

Ch ocolate , adulteran tAn acar dium occiden tal e, 1 1, 146 .

Canarium ovatum , ii, 1 14 .

Ch o n emo rp ha elasticaDescription and distribution , 11

,84 .

Figure, 11 , 85 , 86 .

Lo cal n am es ,ii, 84 .

A n alysis of rubber, 1 1 , 84 .

Collection of rubber, 11 , 84 .

Ch rysa lido carp u s lutesce/ns , i, 2 43 .

Chrysanth emum , see Chrysan themum indi

cum .

Ch rysan th em um in dicumDi stribution , iii, 244 .

Local n am es , iii , 244.

Medicinal,11 1, 244 .

Cibotium baram etz :

Description and distribution , in . 65.

Loc al n am e, iii, 65 .


Cicca acidaDescription and distribution , 11 , 310 .

Figu re, ii, 3 1 1 .

Local nam es , 1 1 , 3 10.

Foo d , ii, 3 1 0 .

Medicin al, iii, 198.

Cinam om o , see Lawson ia in erm is .

Cin co-l lag as , see Pseuderan th emum pulch e llum .

Cin co—l lag as na puti , see R h inaca/nthus n asuta .Cin nam om um in ers :

Des cription and distribution , 11 , 2 00 .

Figu re, ii, 199 .

Local nam es ii, 200.

Cinn am on , ii, 200 .

Cinnam on substitute, 11 , 282 .

Cin n amo m um m ercado i

Description and distribution , 1 1, 202 .

Fig ure, ii, 201 ,Local nam es , ii, 200.

Kal in'

g ag o il, 11 , 202 .


270 INDEX

Col lybia album in osa— Con tinued.Figu re, 1 11 , 139 .

Edible fun g i, iii, 1 36.

Colubrin a asiatica :Distribution ,

iii, 205 .

Lo cal n am es , iii, 2 05 .


Co lum bia blan c o i :

Description and distribution , i, 38 1 .

Local n am es , i, 38 1 .

Rope,i,38 1 .


Colum bia lan ceolata :Descr iption and dis tribution , 1, 381 .


Rope,i, 381 .

Colum bia m ollis :Description and distribution , i, 382 .


Rope ,i, 382 .

Colum bia serratifo liaDescription an d distribution , i, 382 .


Dim en s ion s of bast fibers, i , 32 2 .

Dye ,i, 382 ; ii, 399.

F iber, i, 3 82 .

Colum ella trifoliaD istribution i ii, 2 06 .

Local n am es i ii,2 06 .

Med icin al, 11 1 , 2 06 .

Com bretaceaeDyes , ii, 4 02 .

Food plan ts, 1 1 , 35 2 .

Mang rov e swam ps , 1 , 68 .

Medic in al p lan ts , 1 11 , 2 15 .

O ils , 1 1 , 1 62 .

Comm elina ben g h alen sis :Distribution

,iii , 1 74 .

Lo cal n am es , iii, 1 7 4 .

Med icin al, iii; 1 74 .

Comm elinaceaeMedicinal p lan ts , iii, 1 74 .

Co mm erson ia bartram iaDescription and distribution , i, 396 .

Lo cal n am es, i, 396.

Rope,i, 396 .

Ten sile stren g th ,i , 32 1 .

Comm on g ourd , see Lag en aria leucan th a.Common p andan , see Pan dan us tectorius.Com p ositaeFood plan ts

,ii

,37 6 .

Man g rov e swamps,

1,84 .

Med icinal plan ts , 1 11, 7 5 , 243 .

Oils , iii, 2 22 .

Poisonous plan ts , iii, 82 .

Con dim en t :An dropog on citratus, 11 , 1 74 .

Curcuma lon g a, ii, 1 82 .

Zin g iber o fii cin ale, ii, 184 .

Con fection :

Can arium ovatum , 1 1 , 1 1 4 .

Zin g iber o ffic in a le , i i, 184 .

Conn araceaeFiber plan ts

,i, 3 76 .

Poisonous plan ts , iii, 79.

Con ocephalus v iolaceus :Description , ii, 2 66 .

Local n am es,1 1, 2 66 .

Drin k in g w ater, ii, 2 66 .

Con suelda , see Eupho rbia tirucalli.

Con volvulaceaeFiber plan ts

,i, 4 08 .

Food plan ts,11 , 3 72 .

Medic in al plan ts,iii, 7 0, 225 .

Coo k in g o il

Artocarpus elastica,1 1

,70 , 7 2 .

Can arium ovatum , 11 , 1 1 4 .

Cocos n ucifera,11

, 93 .

Isoptera b o rn eensis , ii, 1 60 .

Morin g a oleifera, ii, 1 04 .

Ocim um basi licum,1 1

,2 1 7 .

Sh orea balan g eran ,1 1, 1 60 .

Term in alia ca tap p a ,1 1

, 164 .

Sterculia foetida, ii, 1 54 .

Tam arin dus in d i ca, ii, 1 12 .

Coprin us ater :Descr iption

, 1 11,1 17 .

E d ible fun g i, 11 1,1 1 7 .

Coprin us bryan ti :Description , 1 1 1 , 1 1 7 .

Ed ible fun g i, 11 1,1 1 7 .

Coprin us con color :Description , 1 1 1

,1 1 7 .

Local n am e, 1 11

, 1 18 .

E d ible fun g i, 1 1 1 , 1 1 7 .

Coprinus con fertusDescription

,1 11 , 1 1 8.

Fig ure, iii, 1 19 .

Ed ible fun g i, iii 1 18 .

Coprin us de liqu es cen sDescription , 1 11 , 1 18.

Edible fun g i, 11 1 , 1 1 8.

Coprin us fim bria tu sFig ure, iii, 12 3 :

Coprin us flo s—lacta sDescription , 1 11 , 1 1 8.

Edible fun g i, 11 1 , 1 1 8 .

Coprin us fr ies ii :Fig ure, 11 1 , 12 3 .

Edible fun g i, iii, 122 .

Coprin us n ebulosu sE dible fun g i, 11 1 , 1 22 .

Coprinus orn atus :Description , 1 11 , 1 2 0 .

Edib le fung i, 1 1 1 1 2 0.

Coprin us plicatilisDescription , 1 11 120.

Edible fun g i, 1 1 1, 1 20.

Coprinus p seudo-p lica tusDes cription ,

iii,12 1 .

Edible fun g i, mi, 12 1 .

Coprin u s rev o lu tus :Description

,1 1 1

,12 1 .

Edible fun g i, 1 1 1 12 1 .

Coprinus r im o su s

Description,1 11

,12 1 .

Edible fun g i, 1 11, 12 1 .

Coprin u s stercorar iusDescrip tion ,

11 1,12 1 .

Edible fun g i, 1 11, 12 1 .

INDEX 271

Cop rinus v o lu tu sDescription ,

iii , 1 22 .

Edible fun g i, iii, 1 22 .

Corch o rus acu tang ulus :

D istribution ,iii, 2 07 .



Cor ch oru s capsularis :Description an d d istribution , i, 382 .

Loc al n am es , i, 382 .

F iber, i , 382 .

Med ic inal , iii, 2 07 .

Corch orus olitoriusDescription and distribution , i, 383 .


Fiber , 1 , 383 .

Food,11 , 332 .


Ten sile stren g th ,i, 32 1 .

Cordag e :Abrom a fastuosa , i, 395 .

Abrus p reca to rius ,i , 378 .

A g elaea everettii, i, 376.

A llaean thus g laber, i, 3 68 .

A lp h ito n ia excelsa, i, 380Am om um sp . , i, 365 .

An am irta coc culus, i, 3 75 .

Artocarpus comm un is, i, 369 .

Arto carpus in teg ra, i , 3 7 0 .

Bauh in ia cum in g ian a, i, 379 .

Boehm eria n ivea, i, 373 .

Bom bax ceiba, i, 392 .

B o m bycidendr o n v idalian um , i, 3 86.

Co lum bia blan co i, i, 38 1 .

Co lum bia lan ceolata, i, 381Co lum bia m ollis, i, 382 .

Comm erson ia bartram ia, i, 396 .

Co rch orus capsulari s, i, 382 .

Corch orus olitor ius, i, 383 .

Cordia cum in g iana , i, 409.

Cordia m yxa, i, 409 .

Cyperus m alac ce'ns is , i, 346 .

Don ax can naefo rm is , i, 365 .

Ela eocarpus ca lo m ala , i, 38 1 .

Ficus ben jam in a , i , 3 72 .

Ficus fo rsten ifi, i, 372 .

Ficus pach yphy lla, i, 3 72 .

Ficus p alawan en s is , i , 3 73 .

F lag el laria in dica , i, 356 .

Gn etum g n emo n ,i, 328 .

Gn etum in dicum . i , 32 8 .

Gn etum sp . , i, 330 .

Go n io th alam us am uyon , i, 3 75 .

Grew ia acum in ata, i, 384.

Grew ia bilam e llata , i , 384 .

Grewia eriocarpa, i, 384 .

Grew ia m ul tiflo ra , i , 385 .

He licteres h irsuta , i, 396 .

Hibiscus tiliaceus , i, 387 .

Ich no carp u s o vatifo lius , i, 406 .

Is chaem um an gustifolium , i, 340 .

Kle inh o via h ospita, i, 397.

Lon icera ph ilippin en sis ,i, 4 09.

Mae sa cu m in g ii, i , 406.

Malach ra capitata, i, 387 .

Cordag e — Con t inued.Mala ch ra fasciata, i, 388 .

Malaisia s can den s , i, 3 73 .

Melo ch ia um be llata, i, 397 .

Mun tin g ia calabura, i , 385 .

Param er ia ph il ippin en sis , i, 407 .

Ph aean thus e brac te o latus , i , 3 7 6 .

Ph aleria cum in g i i , i, 403 .

Ph a ler ia p erro ttetian a , i, 403 .

P o lyalth ia flava, i, 3 76.

Pon g am ia p inn ata, i, 379.

Pter o cym bium tin ctorium , i, 398 .

Pterosperm um div ersifolium , i, 398 .

Pterosperm um n iveum , i, 400 .

R ap h ido p h o ra spp . , i, 356 .

Roura volubil is, i, 378 .

Sap in dus sapon aria, i, 380 .

Sida acuta, i, 390 .

Sida cordifolia, i, 390 .

Sida m yso rens is ,i, 390 .

Sida rh om bifolia, i, 391 .

Sten och laen a palus tris , i , 323 .

Sterculia cras siram ea , i, 4 00 .

Sterculia cun eata, i, 4 00 .

Stercul ia foetida , i, 401 .

Sterculia luz o n ica , i , 4 01 .

Sterculia oblon gata , i, 401 .

Sterculia ph i lipp in en sis, i, 402 .

Sterculia stipularis, 1 , 402 .

Strep t o cau lo n baum i i , i, 408 .

Stry ch n os m ultiflo ra , i , 406 .

Th espesia lam pas, i , 391 .

Trem a or ien talis, i, 366 .

Trium fetta bartram ia , i, 386 .

Typh a an g us tifolia 1 , 330 .

Urce o la im berbis , 1 , 407 .

Urena lobata, i, 391 .

Wik stroem ia spp . , i, 403 .

Cordia cum in g ian a :Description and distribution , i, 4 09.

Lo cal n am es , i , 409.

Ro pe , i , 4 09 .

Ten sile stren g th , i, 32 1 .

Cordia m yxa :Description and distribution , i, 409.

Lo cal n am es, i , 409 .

Medic in al , 11 1 , 227 .

Pas te , i, 88.

Rope, i, 4 09.

Ten sile stren g th , i, 32 1 .

Cordula arg usDescription and distribution , 1 1 1, 1 4 .

Ornam en tal , iii, 1 4 .

Cordula ph i lipp in en sisDe scription and distribution ,

1 11 , 1 8 .

Orn am en tal , i ii, 18 .

Coriander, see Coriandrum sativum .

Coriandrum sativum :

Distribution,iii 2 18 .

Lo cal n am es,

1 1 1 , 2 18 .

Med ic ina l , iii 2 1 8 .

Cork substituteSon n eratia case o laris , i, 48 .

Corn , see Z ea mays .Co ro n itas , see Asclep ias curassav ica .

Co ro n ita s , see Lan tan a camara.

272 INDEX

Cortin arius sppDescription , iii, 126 .


C o r tin ellu s Sh iitake :Figu re, iii, 1 07 .

Cul tivation ,iii, 1 04 .

Im porta tion ,iii, 1 04 .

Coryph a elataDescription ,

i, 1 92 .

Distribution ,i, 135 , 196.

F igure i, 195 , 1 9 7 , 199, 2 01 , 2 03 .


A lcoh olic drink ,i , 2 02 .

Beads,i,1 94 .

Butto n s , i, 1 94 .

Dim en s ion s of fiber, i, 422 .

Fiber i 1 98 .

Foo d, 1 1 , 2 52 .

Medic in al,iii, 1 73 .

Paper,i,42 1 .

Stan d , i, 1 94 , 196.

Starch, i, 205 .

Sug ar, i, 2 04 .

Sweetzneat, i , 194.

Syrup , i , 194 .

Ten s ile stren g th , i , 322 .

Uses , i, 194 .

Vin eg ar, ii, 252 .

Co stus sp eci o sus :D istribution iii

,1 7 7 .

Lo cal n am es i ii, 1 7 7 .

Me d icinal , 11 1, 1 7 7 .

Cotton-see d o il substituteCeiba pen tan dra, ii, 1 50.

Cotton tree , see Ceiba pen tandra.Cradles

Rh ap h ido p h o ra spp . , i, 356.

Crataeva relig iosaDistribution iii, 1 88 .

Lo cal n am es iii, 188 .

Med ic inal , 11 1 , 188 .

Crat o xylo n blan co z :

D istribution , 1 11, 2 1 2 .

Lo cal n am es, iii, 2 12 .

Medicin al,iii

,2 12 .

Crescen tia alataDistribution

, iii 2 36.

Lo cal n am es , 1 11, 236 .

Medicinal,iii, 2 36 .

Cr in um asiaticum :

D istribution, iii, 1 76 .

Local n am es,iii

,1 7 6 .

Med icin al,iii, 1 76 .

Cr o ss o s tep h ium ch in en seDistribution

,iii, 2 44 .

Lo cal n am e, iii, 2 44 .

Medic in al, iii, 244 .

Croton o il :

Croton tig lium ,ii

,1 38 .

Croton-o il p lan t, see Croton tig lium .

Croton tig liumDescription and d istribution , ii, 1 38 .

Fig ure, ii, 139.

Lo cal n am es, ii , 1 38 .

Croto n o il, ii, 1 38 .

Croton tig lium — Con tinued.F ish po ison

,iii

, 80 .

Medicin al , 111 , 68, 1 98.

Cu bdia blan c o i :

Description and distribution , 1 1, 322 .

Lo ca l n am es, 1 1, 322 .

Food , ii, 322 .

CucurbitaceaeFood plants

,11 , 375 .

Medicin al plan ts , iii, 2 4 1 .

Culan tril lo , see Adian tum p h ilip p en se .

Culan trillo , see Asplen ium m ac o p hyllum .

Cu lantro , see Coriandrum sativum .

Cun on iaceae :Tan n in s , 1 11, 93

Curcu lig o recurvata :Description and distribution

,i, 364 .

Loc al n am e, i, 362 .

Fiber, i, 3 62 .

Curcu lig o o rch io ides

D is tribution , iii, 1 7 6.

Lo cal n am es, 11 1, 1 76 .

Medicinal, 1 11,1 76 .

Curcuma lon g a :Des cription and d istribution 11 1 83 .


Con d im en t, 1 1, 2 59.

Dye , 11 385 .

Food, 1 1, 1 82 .

Food coloring , 11 , 2 59 .

Medicm al,» iii, 1 77 .

Oil, 1 1 , 1 82 .

Curcuma zedoaria :Description and distribution 1 1, 1 84 .

Lo cal nam es, ii, 1 83 .

Medicm al, ii, 183 ; iii, 66.

Oil, 1 1, 1 83 .

Perfum e, ii, 1 83 .

Zedoary , 11, 1 83 .

Cush ion s :Sch iz o s tachyum l ima , i , 2 64 .

Cyath ea ceae :Medic inal plan ts

, 11 1 , 65 .

Tree fern trunks,

1 11,96.

Cyath ea spp .

D istribution , 1 1 1, 96 .

Lo cal n am es , 1 11 , 96 .

Uses,iii, 96 .

Cgath o calyx g lobosus :Description , 11

,2 80.

Figu re, ii, 2 79.

Local n am es, 11 , 280.

A reca n ut substitute, 11 , 2 80 .

CycadaceaeFood p lan ts

,11

,2 4 1 .

Medi cinal plan ts , iii, 1 68 .

Orn am en tal plan ts,iii

, 12 .

Cycas rum p h ii :Description and distribution , 1 1 24 4 .

Fig ure, 1 1,245 .

Lo cal n am es,1 1

, 2 4 1 .

Food , l i,2 4 1 .

Med ic inal, iii,1 68 .

Orn am en tal,iii, 1 2 .

Cym bidium :

Distribution . i. 2 4 .

274 INDEX

Dang lin, see Grewia multiflo ra .

Dan g l in -aso , see H elic teres h irsuta ,Dang lin -kalaban ,

see H elicteres h irsuta .

Dang liw , see Hibiscus tiliac eu s .

Dang lo g , see Gr ewia m u ltiflo ra .

Dan g lo g ,see Hibiscus til ia ceu s .

Dan ip a i see Mucun a n ig rican s .Dan l i see Grew ia eriocarpa .Dan l og ,

see D ipterocarpus g ran diflo rus .

Danu,see Is cha em um an g ustifolium .

Da6 , see Drac o n to me lum da o .

Dap iau ,see Areca catechu .

Dap ian ,see Pin an g a spp .

Dap il , see Lep ido p e talum p erro tteti i.

Dap n it, see W ikstroem ia ovata .

Dapo,see Den drobium crumenatum .

Dapon g -tig re, see Ph ala en op sis sch illerian a .

Dap u i, see Ardisia serrata.Darah iro , see Pistia stratiotes.Dara ido , see Pistia stratio tes .Darairo , see Pis tia stratio tes.Darau , s ee Acorus calam us.Darayau , see Pitto sporum p en ta/ndrum .

Darip ai, see Ipom oea p es-caprae .Darum abi, see Mussaenda p h ilip p ica .

Darum aka, see Donax can na efo rm is .

Das a, see Pan da/nus luz o nensis .

Das ig an , see Pina n ga spp .

Datiles , see Leucaen a g lauca .

B ati les, see Mun ting ia calabur a .Datura fastuo saD istribution , iii, 234 .

Lo cal nam es , iii, 2 34 .

Medicina l, iii, 234 .

Datura fas tuosa v ar. al baDes cription an d d istribution , iii 72 .

Figu re, iii, 7 3 .



Dauag , see Capparis h orrida.Dauag , see Ca/pparis m icracan th a.

Bauag , see Toddal ia asiatica.Dausa, see Peris tr o p h e bivalv is .

Dausum , see E urycles am bo in en sis .

Dayan dang , see Trip h o p etalum toxicum .

Dayap , see Triph as ia trifoliata .Dayap-dayapan , see Clau sen a an isum -olen s .Dayum ak a , see Aren g a trem ula .Dayum aka , see Het ero sp a th e elata .Decasp erm um fruticosum :

Distribution , iii, 2 1 6 .

Lo cal nam es, iii, 2 1 6 .

Medicinal, iii, 2 1 6 .

Bekai-dekaian g , see Em belia ph ilippin en sis .

Dem o p a , see Euph or ia didym a .

Den drobium :

D istribution , i , 2 4 .

Den drobium acum in atumDescription and distribution , iii, 18.

Figure , 1 11 , 1 7 .

Orn am en tal , iii, 18 .

Den drobium am eth ys to g lo ssum :

Description an d distribution , iii, 18 .

Ornam en ta l, iii, 1 8.

Den drobium a/no sm um

Description and distribution , ,111 , 18.

Fig ure, -iii, 19.

Orn am en ta l, iii, 18 .

Dendrobium aureumDescription an d distribution , 11 1 , 1 8 .

Fig ure , iii, 2 0 .

Local n am e , iii, 18.

Ornam en ta l , 1 11, 1 8.

Den drobium crum en atum

Desc riptio n an d di stribution , i, 366

iii, 22 .

Figure, i, 3 67 ; mi, 2 1 .

Local nam es , i, 365 ; iii, 22 .

Fiber, 1, 365 .

Orn am en tal , 1 11 , 22 .

Den drobium deare i

Description and di stribution , i 1i, 22 .

Orn am en ta l, 1 11 , 22 .

Den drobium lyon i i :Description and distribution , 11 1 , 22 .

Fig ure, iii, 23 .

Orn am en tal, iii, 22 .

Den drobium revolutum :

Description and distribution , 1 11 , 2 2 .

Local n am e, iii, 22 .

Orn am en ta l, iii, 22.

Den drobium san derae :

Des cription and distribution , 1 1 1 , 24 .

Figure, iii, 25 .

Orn am en ta l, iii, 24 .

Den drobium s chu etze i

Description , iii, 24 .

Fig ure, iii, 2 6 , 2 7 .

Orn am en tal, iii, 24 .

Den drobium taurinum :

Description and distribution , 1 11 , 2 4 .

Fig ure, iii, 28 , 29.

Orn am en ta l, iii, 2 4 .

Den drocalam us curran iiDescription and dis tribution , 1, 2 61 .

Den drocalam us g iga/n teus :Growth , 1, 2 77 .

Den drocalam us latiflo rus

Description a n d distribution , i, 2 6 1 .

Local n am es , i , 2 61 .

Dendrocalam us m err illianus

Description and distribution , i , 2 6 1 .

Fig ure, i, 289, 290 .

Loc al n am es, 1, 2 61 .

Ten sile streng th , i, 322 .

Uses , i, 2 61 .

Deng an , see Acorus cal am us .Den tal m ould preparation sAg ath is alba, ii, 29 .

Den tal surg ery :

Ach ras sapota, 1 1 , 74 .

Deora, see Peris tro p h e bival v is .

Deora,see Peristr o p he tinctor ia.

Derris ellipticaCattle and fish poison , 11 1, 79 .

Derris ph i lippin en sis :Cattle and fish poison , 1 1 1 , 79

Derris trifoliataDistribution , i , 2 4 .

INDEX

Derris ulig in osaDistribution , i, 2 4 .

Desm odium h etero carp um

Description and distribution ,ii, 391 .


Dye , 11, 391 .

Dev il’s cotto n , see Abrom a fastuosa .

Dian a, see Sesban ia g ran diflo ra .

Dibatib , see R h ap h idOp h o ra m errilli i .

Dibual, see Pterosperm um divers ifolium .

Dictyo sp erm a alba :Recen tly in troduced palm , i, 2 43 .

Dikut-m alam arin e , see Mim osa p udica.Dikut ri'g a buluk , see Paederia foetida.Dila-di la, see E lep h an th o p u s spicatus.Dila-di la, see Lep ido p etalum p erro ttetii .

D ila-dila, see Onych ium silicu lo sum .

D i lan g -usa, see Eleph an topus sp icatus.D i lang-usa, see Trich o desm a zeylanicum .

D i lau , see Curcum a lo ng a.

Dilau o il

Curcum a lo n g a, 1 1 , 182 .

Dilau-pula , see Curcum a lon g a .

D ilg un -susu, see Mim osa pudica .

Di li, see Pittosporum p en tan drum .

Di liman , see Sten och laena palustris .

Diliuariu , see A can thus ilicifo lius .

Dillen iaceaeDyes , 11 , 400.

Foo d plan ts , ii, 338 .


Sco urin g m aterial iii , 59 .

Di llen ia m eg ala n th a

Des cription and distribution , ii, 338 .

Lo cal n am es, ii, 338 .

Fo od , 1 1 , 338 .

Dillen ia ph ilipp in ensisDescription and distribution , ii, 3 38 .

F ig ure, ii, 339, 34 1 .


Dye , ii, 338 , 400 .

Food,ii, 338 .

Medicin al , iii, 2 1 2 .

Dil len ia reifiersch eid ia :

Des cription and distribution , ii, 340 .

Local n am es , ii, 340.

Foo d , 1 1 , 340 .

Dilu pao n , see A lston ia sch o laris .

Diri‘g iu , see Di llen ia ph il ippin ens is .Din g las , see Term in alia co m in tan a .

Din g o , see Pittto sp o rum resin iferum .

Din o ch lo a ciliataDescription and distribution , i, 261 , 2 62 .

Fig ure , i, 291 .

Din o ch lo a e lm eri

Description , i, 26 1 , 262 .

D istribution , i, 2 62 .

Fig ure, i, 292 .

Din o chl o a lu co n iae

Description , i , 2 6 1 , 2 62 .

Distribution , i, 2 62 .

Fig ure, i, 293 .

Loc al nam es , i , 2 62 .

275

Din o ch lo a p u biram ea

' Description , 1 2 61 , 2 62 .

Distribution , 1, 2 62 .

Fig ure, i, 294 .

Local n am es, i, 2 62 .

Din o ch lo a s canden sDescription , i, 261 , 2 62 .

Distribution , i , 2 62 .

Figu re, i, 295 .

Uses , i, 2 62 .

DioscoreaceaeFood plan ts , 1 1 , 2 5 7 .

Medicin al plan ts , iii, 177.Dioscor ea div aricataDescription an d distribution ,

11 , 2 5 7 .

Loca l n am es , ii, 257 .

Food , ii, 2 57 .

Dioscorea esculen ta :Description and distribution , 11

,25 7 .


Food , ii , 25 7 .

Dioscorea h isp idaDescription and distribution , 11 , 258 .


Food , ii, 258 .

Medicin al, iii, 1 7 7 .

Dioscorea luzo n en sis :Description and distribution ,

1 1 , 2 58 .

Local n am es , ii , 258 .

Foo d, 11 , 258 .

Dioscorea pen taphy lla :Description an d distribution , 1 1 , 258 .

Local n am es, ii, 258 .

Food, 11 , 2 58.

Diospyros discolo rDescr iption and distribution , 1 1 , 3 70 .

Fig ure, ii 3 69, 37 1 .

Local n am es , 1 1 , 3 70.

Foo d, 11, 3 7 0 .

Diospyros e ben as ter :Distribution iii, 22 0 .

Loc al nam es 1 1 1 , 22 0 .

Medic in al , 1 1 1 , 220.

Diospyros m u ltiflo ra

D istribution , iii, 22 0.

Local n am es, 11 1, 220.


Dip lo discus pan iculatusDescription and distribution 1, 383 .

Figu re, ii, 33 1 .


Food, 11 , 332 .

Rope, i, 383 .

Dipterocarpac eaeOils , ii, 1 60 .

Paper, i, 423 .

Resin s , ii, 50 .

Dipterocarpus g ran diflo rusDescription , 11 , 60 .

Distribution , 11 , 62 .

F ig ure , ii, 5 7 , 58 , 59, 6 1 .


Resin , ii, 56.

Dipterocarpus v ern ic ifluu s

Description and distribution , 11 , 64 .

Fig ure, 1 1 , 63 , 65 , 66 .

276

Dipterocarpu s p ern i cifluus — Con tinued .

Local nam es ,1 1 , 62 .

Resin , ii , 62 .

Diran , see Grew ia eriocarpa.Dischidia sac cataDes cription and distribution , i, 24 .

D isi, see Term in alia edul is .Dis o l, see Kaem p fer a g a lan g a .

Dita , see A lston ia sch o laris .

D ita, see An tia ris to xicar ia .

D ita, se e Gerbera m an g has .

D ita, see Lap hOp e tal um toxicum .

D ita, see Parals to n ia clu sia cea .

D iualat , see Ch is o ch e to n cum in g ian us .

Diudiu , see Ficus h au ili.Dj o e ro edj o e , see Acan thus ilicifo liu s .

Dodo n ae a v is cosa :Distribution , iii, 2 04 .


Medicin al , iii, 2 04 .

Do g do l, see Ceiba pen tan dra.

Doldo l, see Ceiba pen tan dra.Do lich an dro n e spath acea :D istribution , iii, 2 36 .

Local nam es , iii , 236 .

Medicinal , i ii, 236 .

D610 , see Fag rae a coch in ch in en sis .Do lo n ta s , see Ch rysan them um in dicum .

Don ax cann aefo rm is

Description an d distribution , i, 365 .

Figure, i, 367 .


Fiber, i, 365 .


Dondo l, see Ceiba pen tan dra .

Do n g raréng , see Grew ia bilam e llata .

Draco n to m e lum daoDescription an d distribution , 1 1, 3 1 6 .

Fig ure, ii, 3 14 , 3 15 .


Food , ii, 3 12 .

Drac o n to m elum edule :Description and distribution , ii, 3 1 6 .

Figure, ii, 3 1 7 .

Local n am es , 1 1, 3 1 6.

Food, ii, 3 1 6 .

Dru ce , see Nelum bium n elum bo.Dryn aria quercifolia :Description , iii, 1 1 .

Distribution , 1 , 24 ; iii, 1 1 .

Local n am es , 1 11 , 1 68.


Orn am en tal , iii, 1 1 .

Dryopteris p tero idesDistribution , i, 32 3 .

Local nam e, i, 32 3 .

Baskets, i, 323 .

Dudés, see Ch is o ch eto n cum in g ian u s .

Dudukduken , see Scaevola frutescen s .Duen , see Dipterocarpu s g randiflo ru s .

Duen , see D ipterocarpus v ern ic iflu us .

Bug ayon , see Decasp erm um fruticosum .

Dug ian , see Bam busa sp in osa .Dug lo , see Mucuna n ig rican s.Duh at , see Eug en ia cum in i.

INDEX

Eben aceaeDyes , ii, 403 .

Foo d plan ts , ii, 370 .

Medicinal plan ts , iii, 220 .

E biék , see Aren g a pinn ata.Ebus, see Coryph a elata .Ech a-ti-bak ir, see Eh retia m icrophy lla .Ec lipta al ba :Distribution , iii, 244 .

Loc al n am es , iii, 244 .

Duh atduhatan , se e Go n o caryum calleryanum . Medicin al , iii, 244 .

Du idi’

n , see Ptero cym bium tin ctorium .

Duka, see Kin g io dendro n altern ifolium .

Duk ep , see Te lo sm a procum bens .

Duk o , see D ipter ocarpus g randiflo rus .

Duk tun g -ah as , see S trep to cau lo n baum i i .

Dukum , see Abelm oschus m osch atus .Dukup , see Rh ap h idOp h o ra m errillii.

Dul au see Curcum a lon g a .Dulm g ato k , see Crataeva relig iosa .Du litan , see f

~Calo p hyllum blan c o i.

Dulitan -taklo ban , see Pala quium p h ilip p en se .

Dul o kdulo k , see Lum n itzera littorea.Duluariu , see Acan thus ilicifo liu s .

Duluk-duluk , see Osbo rn ia o cto do n ta .

Da lupang , s ee Abutilon in dicum .

Dum am a i, see Psych otria lu z o n ien s is .

Dum anai, see Aeg iceras co rn iculatum .

Dum an ai, see Dodon ae a v iscosa.Dum ana i, see H om o no ia riparia .

Dum au see Co ix lach rym a-jobi.Dum ayaka , see Aren g a trem ula.Dum éro , see Rosm arinus o fiic in al is .

Dum o n , see Heritiera litto ral is .Dung as , see Gerbera ma n g h as .

Dun g lu, see A lp h ito n ia excels a .

Dun g on , see Heritiera littoralis .Dun'

g on , see Pterocarpus spp .

Du ri'

g o n-lal ao , see Heritiera littoralis .

DuITg o n-late , see Heritiera littoralis .

DurTgul, see Litsea g lutin osa .Dun gun , see H eritiera littoralis .Dun gurun

'

g ut , see Citrus hystrix .

Dup du p an , see Dip lo discu s pan iculatus .Dup ifi

'

g an , see Diospyros m u ltiflo ra .

Duran see Grewia eriocarpa.Duraren g , see Grewia bilam ellata .

Durareng , see Greu 'ia m ul tiflo ra .

Duso , see Kaem p fera g al a/ng a .

Dus o l , see Kaem p fera g alang a.Duun g , see An isoptera thurifera .

Duyan , see Dioscorea divaricata.Duyon g , see An is optera th urifera .

DyesAreca catechu , i , 144 .

Ceriops r o xbu rg h iana , i, 1 22 .

Ceriop s tag al, i, 1 22 .

Dyes, ii, 385 .

Xylo carp u s g rana tum , i, 1 22 .

Dyp sis m adag ascarien sis :Recen tly in troduced palm , i, 2 43 .

Dyso xylum decandrum :

D istribution , iii, 197 .

Lo cal n am es , 11 1 , 197 .


278 INDEX

Eug en ia xan th o p hylla— Con tinued.Local n am es, ii, 360.

Food , 11, 360.

Eupatorium trip lin erve

Distribution , 1 11 , 245 .

Local n am es, iii, 245 .


Euph orbia ceaeDyes, ii, 396 .

Food plan ts, 1 1, 308 .

Gum s, ii, 73 .

Ink ,iii, 90 .

Man g rov e swam ps , i, 40 .

Medicin al plan ts , iii, 68 , 197 .

O ils , ii, 12 0.

Poison ous plan ts , iii, 80 .

Euph orbia h irtaDistribution , iii, 198 .



Euph orbia neriifo lia :

Distribu tio n , iii, 1 98 .



Euphorbia thym ifolia :D istribution , iii, 1 99.

Local n am es , iii, 1 99.


Euph orbia tirucalliD istribution ,

iii 199 .

Local n am es, 11 1 , 199.

Medicinal, iii‘, 199.

Euph oria didym a :Description and d istribution , ii, 326 .

Fig ure, ii, 325 .


Food, 11 , 326 .

Euph oria n ep h elio ides

Description and distribution , 11 , 32 6 .

Food, ii, 326 .

E urycles am bo in en si s

Distribution , 111 , 1 7 6.

Lo c al n am es , iii, 1 7 6 .

Medicin al , iii, 1 7 6Evolvulus als inoidesD istribution , iii, 225 .

Medicinal,iii, 225 .

Excoecaria ag allo cha

Description an d distribution i 40.

Fig ure , 1, 4 1 .

Local n am es , i, 40.

Fuel, 1, 4 0.

Medicin al , i ii, 199.

FabricsAg ave can tu la , i, 3 62 .

An anas c o m o sus , i , 356 .

Boehmeria n i'v ea , i, 373 .

Cor ch orus capsularis, i, 382.

Corch orus olitorius, i, 383 .

Malach ra capitata, i, 387 .

Musa sp ., i , 4 1 1 .

Mus a textuis , i, 364 .

Sida rh om bifolia, i , 391 .

Uren a lobata, i, 391 .

Fafalo ng , see Vaccinium whitfo rdu .

Fag aceae :Food plan ts , 1 1 , 2 60

Fag raea coch in ch i n en si sDistribution , 1 1 , 220.

Local n am es , 11 1, 2 20 .

Medic in al, ‘ iii, 22 0 .

Fag raea racem osa :Dis tribution , 11 1, 22 1 .

Local n am es , 1 11 , 22 1 .


Fan cy articlesAbrom a fastuosa, i , 395 .

Fim bristy lis diphy l la, i, 348 .

Fim bristy lis g lobulosa, i, 348 .

Lyg odium spp i, 32 6 .

Musa tex tilis , i , 364 .

Pan dan us sim plex, i , 336 .

Sacch arum sp o n tan eum ,i , 3 44 .

Fan s :An dropog on zizan io ides, i, 338 ; 1 1 , 1 7 7 .

S ch izo s ta chyum lim a, i , 264 .

Far6 l , see Cardiosperm um h alicacabum .

Fato ua p ilosaDistribution , 1 11 , 18 1 .


Medicin al , iiii, 1 81 .

Fen c in gSch iz o s tachyum lum am p ao , i, 264 .

Fenn e l , see Foen iculum vu lgare .Fertil izerA leurites m o lu ccan a, 11, 132 .

A leurites trisp erm a , 1 1, 13 7

An dropog on citratus, ii, 1 74 .

Cocos nucifera, i, 1 84 .

Sesam um orien tale, ii, 1 68.

FibersAreca catech u, i, 1 44 .

Aren g a pin n ata, i, 1 50.

Aren g a trem ula, i, 1 58 .

Bam boos , i, 2 5 1 .

Gala/m us spp . , i, 158 .

Caryota cum in g i i , i , 1 82 .

Cocus n ucifera, i, 1 84 .

Coryph a e lata, i, 192 .

Daem o n o r o p s spp . , i, 205 .

Fiber plan ts, 1, ‘

313 .

H e tero sp a th e elata, i, 2 10 .

K o rth alsia spp . , i , 2 12 .

Liuis to sa spp . , i, 2 14 .

Metroxy lon sag u , i, 220 .

Nipa fru tican s , i, 222 .

Paper, 1, 415.Ficus ben jam in aDescription and distribution ,

i, 372 .

Local n am es, i, 372 .

Rope, i, 3 72 .

Ten si le streng th , i, 321 .

Ficus fo rs ten iiDescription and d istribution , i, 372 .


Rope, i , 3 72 .

Ten sile streng th , i, 32 1 .

Ficu s h au il iDistribution , 1 11 , 1 81 .

Local n am es, 11 1 , 18 1 .


Ficus m in ah as saeDistribution , iii, 18 1 .



Ficus pachyphy llaDescription an d distribution ,

i, 3 73 .

Local n am es, i , 372 .

Rope, i, 372 .

Ten sile streng th , i, 32 1 .

Ficus p alawan en sisDes crip tion an d distribution , i , 373 .


Rope, i, 3 73 .


Ficu s payapaDistribution , iii, 181 .

Loc al n am es, iii, 181 .

Medicin al, iii 1 81 .

Ficus ulm ifoliaDes cription , ii 266 .

Distribution , 1 1, 27 0 .

Fig ure, ii, 2 69.

Local n am es, iii, 2 66 .

Food, ii, 266 .

Scourin g m aterials , iii, 5 1Fide, see Elaeo carp us calam ala .

Fim bristy lis diphylla :Description and distribution , i, 348.

Local n am es , i , 348 .

Fiber, i, 348 .

Fim bristylis ferrug in eaDistribution , i , 2 6 .

Fim bristy lis g lobulosaDescription and distribution , i, 352 .

Figure, i, 35 1 .


Fiber, i , 352 .

Finlays o n ia obovataDi stribution , i, 24 .

FirewoodBrugu iera p ar uiflora, i, 1 12—1 16.

Cam p to s tem o n ph ilippin en se, i, 42 .

Ceriop s tag al, i, 1 12—114 .

Cultivation o f Rh izoph ora, i, 100 .

Leucaen a g lauca, iii, 87 .

Rh izoph o ra can delaria, i, 1 12—1 14 .

Rhizoph ora m u cron ata, i, 1 12—117 .

Son n eratia alba, i, 44 .

Sonn eratia caseo la/ris , i,1 12—116 .

Stan ds in m an g rov e swam p s, i, 86 .

Xylo carp us m o luc ce'nsis , i, 1 12—117 .

Fish corrals :Sch izo stachyum lum am p ao , i, 264 .

Fish in g rods_Ba/mbusa g laucescen s, i, 258 .

Liv iston a coch in ch in en sis, i, 2 1 6 .

Liv iston a rotun difolia, i, 2 16 .

Sch izo stachyum lum am p ao , i, 264.

Fish -tai l pa lm , see Caryota cum in g ii.

Fish trap sCalam us spp 1 , 158 .

Daem o no ro p s spp . , i, 205 .

Gigan to ch lo a lev is, i , 262 .

Ko rth alsia i , 2 12 .

Fish trap s, tyin gMalais ia scan dens , i, 373 .

Po th o idium lo bbia/num , i, 354 .

INDEX 279

Fish traps , tyin g— Con tinued.R o urea vo lubi lis, i, 378 .

Sten och laena p alus tri s, i, 323 .

F istula, see Cassia fis tula .

F lacourtiaceaeFoo d p lan ts, 11, 346 .

Oils, ii, 1 61 .

Flacourtia eup h lebia

Des cription and dis tribution , 1 1 , 348.

Local nam e, 1 1, 346.

Foo d, 11 , 346 .

F lacourtia in dicaDescription and di stribution , 11 , 348 .


Food, 11 , 348 .

Flacourtia rukamDescription an d distribution , 11 , 348 .

Fig ure, 1 1 , 349 .


Food , 11 , 348 .

F lacourtia sepiariaF ig ure, ii, 350.

F lag ellariaceaeFiber p lan ts , i, 356.

Med icinal plan ts , iii, 1 74 .

F lag e llaria in dicaDescription and distribution , i, 356 .

Fig ure, i, 359.


Fiber p lan ts, i, 3 56 .

Medi cin al, iii, 1 74 .

F lavoringAcorus calam us, 1 1 , 181 .

An dropog on citratus, ii, 1 74 .

An dropog on zizan ioides, ii, 1 77 .

Zin g iber o fficinale , ii, 184 .

F lo o rsLiv iston a coch in ch in en sis, i, 2 16 .

L iv is ton a rotun difolia, i, 2 16 .

On co s p erm a spp . , i, 2 31 , 232 .

Flor de la m anan a , see Ph alaen opsis lu eddem an n ian a .

Flores de las doce , see Pen tap etes p h Oen icea.

Flugg ea v irosa :Fish poison , 1 1 1 , 80 .

F lutesSch izo stachum lum am p ao , i, 264 .

Foen iculum vulg areDistribu tion , 11 1 , 2 18 .

Local n am es,1 11 , 2 18 .

Medicinal , 1 11 , 2 18 .

Food :Arach is hypog aea , 11 , 1 08 .

Areca catech u , i, 1 44 .

Aren g a am bong , i, 1 50 .

Areng a pin n ata, 1 , 150 .

Ca lam us spp . , 1 , 158 .

Cocos n uc ifera, i, 184 .

Coryph a elata, i, 1 92 .

Food‘plan ts , ii, 225.

H e tero sp a th e elata, i , 2 10.

Livistona rotun difolia, i, 2 16 .

Metroxy lon sag u, 1 , 220 .

Morin g a oleifera, 11 , 104 .

On co sp erma filam en to sum , i, 3 6 , 232 .

280 INDEX

Food colorin gCurcum a lon g a, ii, 182 .

Food o il

Arach is h ypogaea , 11 , 1 08 .

An acardium occiden tale, ii, 146 .

Cocos, n ucifera, ii, 93 .

Elaeis gu in een sis , ii, 1 03 .

Pala quium p h ilip p en se , ii , 1 68 .

Term in al ia catap p a , ii, 1 62 .

Frac itas ,see Aerides ' qu in quevu ln erum .

FuelCan arium v illosum ,

1 1 , 49.

Cocos n ucifera, i , 184 .

Fug ayo n g see Pith ecolobium subacutum .

Fun g i , ed1ble , iii, 97 .

Fun n e lsPalaquium ah ern ian um , 1 1, 82 .

Furn itureBam bus a vulg ari s, i, 260.

Calam us spp . , i , 1 58 .

Daem o n o r o p s spp . , i, 2 05 .

Ko r th alsia spp . , i, 2 1 2 .

Gaas, see S cirp io dendro n g h asri.Gabi, see A locasia m acrorrh iza .

Gabig ab ih an ,see Typ h o n ium divari catum .

Gag abutan , see Eleusin e in dica .Gag abuten ,

see Malvastrum c o ro ma ndelinum .

Gagalang , see Son chus oleraceus .

Gah o , see Mis ca/n thus sin en sis .

Galag ala, see Ag ath is alba.Galamai-am é , see Schefflera ellip tifo lio la .

Galam ai-am é ,see Sch efilera od o rata.

Galatgat, see Ipom o ea reptan s .Calauan , s ee Pave tta in dica .

Galian g ,see A locasia m acrorrh iza .

Galian g ,see Cyr to sp erm a m erku sii.

Galluran , see Averrh oa caram bola.Galé , see A naco lo sa luz o n iens is .

Gal o t-g alo t , see Cyn odon dactylon .

Calum ban g ,see Jatroph a curcas.

Galura ,see A can thus ilicifo lius .

Gam bog eGarcin ia . v en ulosa, 11 , 1 8 .

Gam ot -tul isan , see Ag eratum con yzoides .Gam u , see Mac aran g a tan arius .

Gan -an , see Dipterocarpus uern icifluus .

Gan da , see Curcum a zedoaria .

Gan dus , see A locasia m acrorrhiza .

Gan o p hyllum falcatum :

Description and distribution ,ii, 1 48 .

Fig ure, ii, 1 49 .

Lo cal n am es , ii, 1 4 7 .

I llum inan t, ii, 1 48 .

Soap , 1 1 , 1 48 .

Soap substitute,iii

,5 8 .

Gaon,see Im perata cy lin drica .

Gapas , see Ceiba pen tan dra .Gapas

,see Ch lo ran thus bra chys tachys .

Gapas-g apas, see Cam p to stemo n ph ilippinen se.

Gap ing o i, see G leich en ia lin earis .Garban , see Rh ap h ido p h o ra m errillii.

Gar cin ia bin ucao

Description and distribution , 11 , 340 .

Fig ure, ii, 342 .


Fo o d, 1 1, 340 .

Garcin ia dulcis :Description an d d istribution 11 , 344 .

F igure, 11 , 343 .


Food,

11 , 344 .

Garcin ia man g o s tan a :

Distribution ,iii

,2 13 .

Lo cal n am e, 1 1 1, 2 13 .

Medicin al , 111 , 2 13 .

Garcin ia m in dan aen s is :Description an d d istribution 1 1 , 344 .


Food, ii, 344 .

Garcin ia rubraDe scrip tIOn an d d istribution , 11 , 344 .

Fig ure, 11,345 .

Lo cal n am es, ii, 3 44 .

Food,

11 , 344 .

Garcin ia ven ulosa :Des crip tion and d istr ibution ,

11,346 .

Figure, 1 1,34 7 .


Food, 11 , 346 .

Garcin ia v ida lii :Description and d istr ibution , 11, 346 .


Food, 11 , 34 6.

Garden ia p seudo p sidiumDistribution iii 2 39.

Lo cal n am es 1 1 1 , 239.

Med icin al,1 11

,239.

Garem , see A chyran th e s aspera.Garem fig a purau , see B lechum bro wn e i.

Gar lic , see A ll ium sativum .

Garo m aka , see Don ax can naefo rm is .

Carug a abil o :Distribution , 1 11 , 196 .

Lo cal n am es,iii, 196 .


Garu lan ,see Averrh oa caram bola .

Gasatan -m ulato , see Mim usops parv ifol ia .

Gasi , see Croton tig lium .

Gatasan , see Garcin ia dulcis .

Gatasan , see Garcin ia v en ulosa.Gatasan , see Mim usops parv ifol ia .

Gatas-gatas, see Eupho rbia h irta.Gatas-v irg en , see Mussaen da p h ilip p ica .

Gatbo , see Thysan o la ena ma xim a.Gatm o , see Vaccin ium m yrt o ides .

Gaton,see Euph orbia tiru ca lli .

Cauai-gauai, see Sag ittaria sag ittifolia .

Ganai-g aus i, see Sesban ia grandiflo ra .

Gauéd, s ee Piper be tle .

Gaui-g aui, see Sesban ia g ran diflo ra .

Gayumah in ,see Term in alia edul is .

Geng ibre, see Zing iber o fiicina le .

Gen tian aceaeMedicinal plan ts , 1 11 , 22 1 .

Geo do rum n utan sDescription and distribution , 11 , 68 , 7 0 .


82 INDEX

Grew ia edul isDescription and distribution ,

1 1,332 .

Figure, 11 , 333 .


Food, ii, 3 32 .

Grew ia eriocarpaDescr1p t1o n ,

i,384 .

Figure, 11 , 334 .


Fiber,1 , 384 .

Food,1 1, 332 .


Grew ia m u ltiflo ra :

Description and distribution , i, 385 .

Local n am es,i , 385 .

D im en sion s o f bas t fibers , i, 322 .

Rope, i, 385 .


Grewia s tylo carp a :

Description and distribution ,ii, 336 .

Figure, 1, 335 .

Local n am es , 1 1, 332 .

Food, ii, 336 .

Gr iting ,see Lum n itzera li ttorea .

Guadua ph i lippin en sisDescr iption and d istr ibution ,

i,262 .

Fig ure, i, 2 97 .

Guan to n , see Cleroden dron be th un ean um .

Guava, see Psidium g uajava.

Guayabas , see Psidium g uaj ava .

Guella,see Ach yran th es aspera .

Gug o, see GanOp hyllum falcatum .

Guio a koe lreuteria :Distribution , iii, 2 04 .


Medic in al, i ii, 2 04 .

Gu lag ulam an an , see Cissam pe los pareira .

Gu lam an , see Gracil laria lich en oides.Gulasiman , see Portulaca o leracea.Gum a , see Cordia m yxa.Gum aka,

see Aren g a trem ula.Gumam ela, see Hibis cus rosa-sin en sis.Gum arabic substitute :Se sban ia g ran diflo ra ,

1 1, 72 .

Gum ayaka ,see Areng a trem ula .

Gum , c h ew in gAch ras s apota, 1 1, 7 3 .

Artocarpus cum in g ian a, ii , 7 0 .

Artocarpus elastica, ii , 70 .

Gum ih an , see Artocarpus elastica.Gum ih an g um

Artocarpus elastica, 1 1 , 70 .

Gum uk ,see Ch loran thus brachys tachys .

Gun gum ayi, see Breyn ia rh am n oides .Gun h un ,

see Osbo rn ia o cto do n ta .

Gi’1p it,see Pyg eum g lan dulosum .

Gupit, see Pyg eum p reslii .

Guram an,se e Gra cillaria lich eno ide s .

Gurgu ram an , see Grac illaria lich en oides .Guro rTg-guré , see Citrus sp .

Gu sokan , see Pavetta in dica .

Gu s o l , see Kaem p fera g alan g a .

Gutta-perch aPalaquium ah ern ianum , 11, 7 6.

Payen a leerii, 11 , 82 .

GuttiferaeDyes , 11

,400 .

Food plan ts,11 1 , 340.

Medic inal plan ts, iii, 2 12 .

O ils , 11 , 15 6 .

Tan n in s , iii, 94 .

Guyabas , see Psidium g uajava .

Guyon g -g uyon g , see Decasp erm um fru tic o

sum .

Guyung -guyung , see Crato xylo n blan co i.

Cym n arto carp u s w o o dii

Description an d d istribution,11

,2 70 .

Fig ure, 11 , 2 7 1 .


Food, 1 1 270 .

Gyn an dropsis gyn an draD istribution

, 11 1, 1 88 .

Lo cal nam e s , 111 , 1 88 .

Med icinal, 1 11 , 1 88 .

Gyrin o p s is cum ing ian a :D istribution

, iii, 2 13 .

Lo cal n am es, 1 11, 2 13 .


H

Habag at-bag in g , see Capparis h orrida .Habas , see Draco n to m elum dao .Habika , see Pin an g a spp .

Hab ik i, see Pin an g a spp .

Habiék , see Aren g a pin na ta.Hadlayat i, see Tecton a g ran dis .Hag ad, see Pterocarpus spp .

Hag akhak , see Dipterocarpus g ran diflo rus .

Hagas o n , see Ag laia h arm siana .

Hag bu 1, see Mussaen da p h il ip p ica .

Hag im it , see Ficus m in ahassae .

Hag n aya, see Neph rolep is h irsu tula .

Hagn aya , see Steno ch la en a palustris .Hag o d, see Trem a orien talis.Hag ol , see Caryota cum in g i i .

Hag on o i, see Wede lia biflo ra.

Hag o-o no 1 , see W edelia biflo ra .

Hag ui-u l , see Dodo n aea v iscosa.Hag up it, see Ficus ulm ifolia .

Hagusah is , see Pan icum p almaefo lium .

Hah o p ,see Adenan th era in termedia .

Hahun , see Pericam p ylu s g la ucus .Ha ir cosm etic

Ch iso ch eto n p en tan dru s , 11 , 1 18 .

Cocos nucifera, ii, 93.

Hair o il

Artocarpus e lastica,1 1 , 7 0.

Citrus sp . ,ii

,2 12 .

Halas see Gan o p hyllum fal catum .

Halau ihau , see Draco n tom elum edule.Haliko t , see Pycnarrh ena m an illen sis .

Halo t , see Pycnarrh ena man illen sis .

Halubag at, see Capparis m icracan tha.

Halubagat-b ag ing , see Cappar is horrida .

Halubagat-kah o i, see Capparis m icracantha .

Halup ag , see Euph or ia didym a .

Hambuaia, see Fag raea racem osa.Ham buding , see Pina/ng a spp .

Ham itanag o , see Kle in h o v ia h ospita.Hamm o ck s

Rh ap h ido p h o ra spp. ,i, 356.

Ham p ap are , see Cissam pe los pareira .Ham pas-t ig balan g , see Sm i lax bracteata.

INDEX

Hampas-tigbalang , see Sm ilax leucophylla.Ham ug i, see Artocarpus rubr o v en ia .

Han adg éng , see Trem a orien talis.Hanadién g , see Trema orien tal is .Han ag don g , see Colum bia serratifolia.H anag don g , see Trem a orien talisHanag dun g , see Trem a orien talis.Hanbulali, see Scyp h ip h o ra hydro p hyllacea .

Harigala i, see Brug u iera p arv iflo ra .

Har’

i’

gara i, see B rug u iera p arv iflo ra .

Hafigara i, see H o m o n o ia riparia.Han

‘

g ad n an g babae , see P lum bag o ind ica .Har

'

fg o g , s ee A chyran th es aspera.

Han‘g or, see A chyran thes aspera.Haffg o s , see Eug en ia ah ern ian a .

Han'

g ot , see A chyran th es aspera .

Harig u g , see Achyran th es -aspera .

Han lagas i, see L euc o syke cap itellata .

Han opo l , s ee Co n o cep h a llu s v iolaceus .

Han opol , see Maesa cum in g ii.

Han ot, see Hibiscus tiliaceu s .

Han tek ,see Steru lia oblong ata .

Hap o n g , see Nipa fru tican s .

Hapun an -n ikn ik , see Sida j auen sis .

Hara, see Lea aculeata.

Haraihai, see Callicarpa caudata.Haran

‘

g an , see Cen tip eda m inim a .Haras

,see Foen iculum vulg are .

Haras , see Garcin ia binu ca o .

Harp ullia arboreaDescription and distribution , iii 58 .

Lo cal nam es, iii, 58.

Fish po ison iii, 80 .

Medicin al , 1 1 1 , 2 04 .

Soap substitute, ii i, 58.

Harriso n ia perforataD istribution

,iii, 195 .

Lo cal n am es,iii

,1 95 .

Medicin al,iii, 1 95 .

Harup a i, see Mim osa pudica.HatsAn dropog on hal epen sis , i, 338 .

An dropog on zizan ioides, i, 338 ; 1 1 , 1 7 7 .

Areca catechu, 1 , 1 44 .

Bam busa spin osa, i , 2 59 .

Cocos n ucifera, i, 1 84 .


Cyperus m al accen s is, i, 346 .

Don ax cann eafo rm is, i, 365 .

Fim bristy lis g lobulosa, i, 348 .

Hetero sp ath e elata, 1 , 2 10 .

Im perata exaltata, 1, 340 .

I/iviston a co ch in ch in en sis, i, 2 1 6.

Liv iston a rotun difolia, i, 2 1 6.

Lyg odium spp . , i, 326 .

Musa textil is , i, 364 .

Neph rolep is h irsutu la , i, 32 3 .

Nipa frutican s , i, 2 22 .

Oryza sativa, i, 342 .

Pandanus radican s, i, 334 .

Pandan us sabo tan ,i, 334 .

Pandanus sim p lex, i, 336.

Pandan u s tectorius, i, 336.

283

Hats—C on tinued .Ph ragm ites vulg aris , i,

'

342 .

Sac ch arum sp o n tan eum , i, 344 .

Schizo stachyum lim a, i, 2 64 .

Scirp io den dro n ghaeri, i, 352 .

Sporobolus e long atus, i, 344 .

Hau ili, see Ficus h au ili.Hedg e plan tsBam bus a g laucescens , i, 2 58.

Jatroph a curcas,ii

, 1 40

Hedyachras p h i lippin en sisDescription an d d istribution , 1 1 , 326 .

Food , ii, 32 6 .

H e licteres h irsuta :Description an d distr ibution , 1, 397 .

Local n am es, i

,396 .

Rope, i, 3 96 .


Heliotropium in dicum :

D istribution,

1 11 , 2 2 7 .

Local n am es,1 11

, 22 7 .

Med icinal , 1 1 1 , 22 7 .

H elm in th o s tachys zey lan icaDescription and distribution , 1 1, 241 .

Local n am es,i i, 2 4 1 .

Food , 1 1, 24 1 .

H enna p lan t, see Lawson ia in erm is .

Herbara, see Sida acuta.Heritiera littoralisDescr iption , i

,42 .

Distribution, 1, 22 , 42 .

Fig ure, 1, 43 .

Lo cal n am es, i

,42 .

Stan ds,i, 98— 1 00 .

Tim ber, i, 44

Hermand iaceae

Oils,11

,1 03 .

Hern and ia ovig eraDescription and distribution 1 1

, 1 03 , 1 04 .

Local n am es,ii

, 103 .

I llum inan t,1 1

,1 03 .

Hetero sp ath e elataDescr iption and distribution ,

i , 2 10 .

Fig ure, i, 2 13 .


A reca-nu t substitute, 1 i

,252 .

Food, 11 , 252 .

Uses,i, 2 10 .

H eter o sp ath e n egro sen sis

Description , i, 2 1 0.

Lo cal nam e, i, 2 12 .

H c ter o sp a th e“

p h ilip p in en s is, i, 2 1 0.

Hetero sp ath e sibuyan ensis

Description, i, 2 1 0.

Lo cal n am e, i, 2 12 .

He'vea brazil’ien sisA n alysis of latex , 1 1

, 67 .

Method of collec ting latex , 11 , 67 .

H ia-h ia, see Mim osa pudica.H ibau , see Hym en o dictyo n excelsum .

H ibi-h ib ihan , see Scoparia dulcis .Hibio k

, see Aren ga pinn ata.Hi biscus esculen tus


284 INDEX

Hibiscus m utabi lisDistribution ,

1 1 1 , 2 08 .


Medicinal , iii, 2 08 .

Hibiscus rosa-sine n sisD istribution iii

,2 08 .

Lo cal n am es iii , 2 08.

Medicin al , 1 11,2 08

Hibis cus sabdarifiaMedicin al

,1 11 , 2 09 .

Hibiscus sura ttens is :

Description and d istribution 1 1,336 .


Con d im en t, 11 , 336 .

Hibiscus til ia ceusDescription ,

i,387 .

D istribution ,1, 2 6, 387 ; iii, 209.

Fig ure, 1, 389.


Fiber, i, 387 .

Medicinal,i ii

, 2 09 .

H idio k , see Aren g a pinn ata .H ig ad-h ig ad, see Achyran th es aspera.H ag ad-b ig aran , see He liotropium in dicum .

H ig is-m an uk ,see Ec lipta alba .

H ikau-h ikauan,see Son n eratia alba .

Hilagas i, see Leuco syke cap ite llata .

H ilalag at-sag in g , see Uvaria so rz o g o n ens is .

H imainat, see Sch efilera p ip ero idea.

Himbaba-é , see A llaean thus luz o n icus .

H im bubuaia, see Fag raea racem osa .Him p ag tan , see Dipterocarpus g randiflo ru s .

H im p ara , see Cissam pe los pareira .

H in abuai,see Term in alia co m in tan a .

H in agasi, see L euco syke cap itella ta .

Hinag dun g , see Trem a orien talis .H inalag ak-sag in g , see Uvaria so rzo g o n en sis.

Hindi,see Sch iz o s tachyum die ls ia num .

Hindi, see Sch iz o s tach yum difiu sum .

H in’

galan see Bru gu iera p arv iflo ra .

H iri'

gali, see Brug u iera cy lin drica .

H in g g iu ,see Ichn o carp us o vatifo lius .

H in g g iu , see Ma la is ia scan den s .H ir

‘

fg g iu -kalabau,see Strep to cau lo n baum i i .

Hingg iu-kalabau, see Urce o la im berbis .

Hixfggiu-na-puti , see Strep to cau lo n baum i i .

H in gkam as , see Pachyrrh izus ero su s .

H in lalag ak , see U'varia rufa.

H in lala io n , see Helio trOp ium in dicum .

H in la lao n g , see Trem a orien talis .Hippocrateaceae


Hoag ,see F lag ellaria in dica .

Hoag -uai, see F lag ellaria in dica.Hoja-cruz, see Crescen tia alata .

Ho ly basi l , see O cim um san ctum .

Holy basil o ilO cim um san ctum , ii, 2 1 8 .

Ho m ala/nth us fastuosasFish poison , iii, 80 .

H om alo m ena ph ilippin en sis :Description and distribution , iii, 90.



Paper substitute , iii, 90 .

iba , see Averrh oa bilim bi .Iba , see Cicca acida .Ibiok , see Aren g a pinn ata.ibus , see Coryph a elata .

H o m o n o ia ripari aDistribution , 1 11 , 1 99 .

Local n am es , 111 , 199 .

Medicinal, iii, 199.

Hopea acum inataRes in , 1 1 , 52 .

Hopea sppBorn eo ta llow , 1 1 , 1 60.

H o rag , sec R h ap h idOp h o ra m errilli i .

Horse-radish tree , see Morin g a oleifera.Househ old uten silsCocos n ucifera , i, 184 .

l H ow ea belm o rean a, i, 243 .

Hoya :Distribution , i, 2 4 .

Huan i, see Man g ifera odorata.Hubar, see Jasm in um sam bao .

Hubulo s , see Trem a orien talis .Hug im it , see Ficus m inah assas .

Huiag -huiag , see Mimosa pudica.Huia’ see Mimo sa pudica.Hulig an o , see P ter o cym bium tin ctorium .

Huling -bang on , see Justicia g en darus sa.

Hu lit-ten g ah ,see Ceriops spp .

Hum ai, see Oryza sativa.Hun g o , see Elaeocarpus cal o m al a .

Hunug , see Pyg eum p reslii.

Hunu ng , see Kle in h o v ia h osp ita.

Hydna ceae :Edible fung i, 1 1 1

,1 16.

Hya p h ytum


Fig ure, i, 2 7 .

Hydn o p hytum fo rmacarium

Distribution , 1 11,239.

Loc al n am e, 1 1 1 , 239.

Medicin al, 1 11, 2 39.

Hydn um sppDescription , 1 11

, 1 1 6.

Edib le fun g i, 111 , 1 1 6.

Hydro ch aritaceaeFood plan ts , 11 , 24 6 .


Hydrocoty le asiatica, see Cen tella asiatica.Hym en o calis littorale :Lo cal n am es , iii, 176.

Medicinal , 111 , 1 7 6 .

Hym en o dictyo n excelsum

D istribution , iii, 2 39.

Loc al n am es 1 11 , 2 39 .

Medicin al , 111 , 2 39.

Hyo p h o rbe am aricaulis , i, 243 .

HyOp h o r be v ersch afi’e lti i , i, 243.

Hyp tis suaveo lensDistribution

,1 11 , 2 33 .

Loc al nam es , iii, 233 .


286 INDEX

Ipom oea p es-capraeDis tribution , iii, 225 .


Med ic in al plan ts , iii, 225 .

Ipom oea p es-tigridis

Distribution , iii, 226 .


Medicinal , iii,22 6.

Ip om o ea reptan sDes cription and distribution , ii, 3 72 .


Food, ii, 372 .


ipot, see Areca ipot.Irar, see Pin ang a spp .

Irau, see Den drobium crume n atum .

Irok , see Aren g a p inn ata .Ischaem um an gustifoliumDes cription , i, 340.

D istribution , i, 342 .

Figure, i , 34 1 .

Local nam es , i, 341 .

Fiber, i, 340 .

Isip , see A n tidesm a bun ius .

Is is, see Artocarpus cum ing ian a.Isis, see Ficus ulm ifolia .

Is -isa , see Scopar ia dulcis .

Is ismaya , see Leu co syke cap itella ta .

Isis-fig ip in , see Leuc o syke cap itellata .

Isoptera bo rn eensisDistribution , ii, 1 60 .

B o rm eo ta llow , ii, 160 .

Res in , ii, 52 .

Itan g -itan g , see A ls ton ia m acrophy lla.itil, see In tsia bijug a .Iting -itin g , see Ama ran thus sp in osus .Itm o , see Piper betle .

Itn’

gan , see Zan th oxy lum avicenn ae.Itom -itom , see Diospyros discolor .Itsa, see Eh retia m icrophylla .

Itum an , see Dio spyros discolor.

Iy o , see Tetrastigm a h arman di .

J an tak , see Sterculia ob long ata.Jasm in um sam bac

D istribution , iii, 220 .

Loca l n am es iii, 22 0 .

Medicin al, 1 11 , 220.

J ate, see Tecton a g ran dis .J ati, see Tecton a g randis .Jatropha cu rcasDescription and distribution , ii, 1 42 .

F igure, ii, 1 4 1 .Local n am es , ii, 140 .

Medicin al,iii, 2 00.

Phy sic-n ut o il, ii, 140.

Jatroph a m u ltifida

Description and distribution , 11 , 1 42 .

Local n am e, ii, 142 .

Fish poison , iii, 80 .

I llum in an t, ii, 142 .

Medic inal , iii, 200.

Jeruju , see A can thus ilicifo lius .

J eru salem , see Leucaen a g lauca .

J ob’s tears , see Coix lachrym a-jobi.J ujube , see Zizyph us jujuba.Jun caceae :Fiber plan ts

,i, 360.

Jun cus efius u s :

Description and distribution , i , 360 .

Figure, i, 361 .

Local n am e, i, 360.

Fiber, i, 3 60 .

Jussiaea lin ifo liaDescription and distribution , u , 4 03.

Loc al nam es , ii, 403 .

Dye , u , 4 03 .

Justicia g en darussaDistribution , m ,

2 37 .

Local nam es , m , 2 37 .

Medicinal, 11 1 , 2 37 .

Jus ticia procum ben sDistribution ,

iii, 2 38 .

Medicin al , 1 1 1 , 238 .

J ute , see Corch o rus olitorius.K

Kaagahan , see Adenan th era, in term edia .Kabaero ,

see Leuc aen a g lauca.Kabag , see A llaea/nthus g laber .Kabah éro , see Leucaen a g lauca.Kaba ikabé i , see Ipomo ea p es-caprae .Kabak ,

see Nauclea jun g h uh n ii .Kabak , see Nauc lea orie n talis .Kabal , see Fag raea racemo sa .Kabalo n g a ,

see Trich osan th es qu in quangulata .

Kabatiti, see Colubri/na asiatica.Kabat iti, see Luffa, cy lin drica.Kab ilan , see Colume lla trifolia .Kab ilin g ,

see Pog ostemo n , cablin .

Kabis lak ,see Pterosperm um diversifolium .

R abit-kabit , see E leus in e in dica.Kabkab , see Dryn aria quercifolia.Kabk

'

abin ,see Drynaria que rcifolia .

Kabkabo n ,see Dryn aria quercifolia .

Kabkabo n , see Eleph an topus scaber.Kablin ,

see Pog ostem o'n cablin .

Kablin g , see Pog ostem on cablin .

Kabo lé an ,see Bam busa v ulgaris .

Kabo lé an ,see Den drocalam us la tiflo ru s .

Kabra-kabra, see Heliotropium in dicum .

Kabug an ,see Citru s h ystrix .

Kabug an , see Citrus m axim a .

Kabugawan , see Bam busa spinosa .

Kaburau ,see Citrus sp .

Kabuyao o il

Citrus hy strix, u , 2 08.

Kabfiyau ,see Citru s hystrix .

Kabuyau -aso, see Chae to sp erm um g lutin osum .

Kach a-kachah an , see Scoparia dul ciKac h an g -kach ang , see Aeg iceras corn icula tum .

Kach iich is ,see Av icenn ia alba.

Kachu i , see An acardium oc ciden tale.Kadaiéhan ,

see Celosia arg en tea.Kadél, see Pong am ia pinn ata.Kadiapa, see Am aran thus v iridis .Kadiat , see Gn etum sp .

Kadiin ,see Colum bia lan ceolata.

Kadlihan ,see Sterculia luzo n ica .

Kadlin . see Pog ostem on cablin .

INDEX

Kadlin g , see Pogostem on o ublis .Kadlém , see Pog ostem on cablin .

Kadlum , see Pog ostem on cablin .

Kadp aayan , see Psych otria luz o n ien s is .

Kadp aié n , see Justicia g en darussa.Kaedeo , see Sieg esbeckia orien talis .Kaem p feria, g alan g aD istribution , iii, 1 78.

Local nam es , iii, 1 78 .


Kaem p feria rotun da :D istribution , iii, 178 .

Medicina l, iii, 1 78 .

Kagatéfi'

é an , see Ag laia h arm siana.

Kag ato ri'

é an , see Pyg eum g lan du losum .

Kag o iéi, see H o m o n o ia riparia .

Kag o k o , see Eug en ia m an an qu il.

Kag p aaian , see Kibatalia blan c o i .

Kag ukfi , see Eug en ia m an an qu il.

Kag ukug , see E ug en ia m au an qu il.

Kag undi, see Colum el la trifolia .Ka

’ibo i-dalag a , see Mussaen da p h ilip p ica .

Ka ie té na ,see Zan th oxy lum rh etsa .

Kaiké i, see Adian tum p h il ip p en se .

Kaitana , see Zan th oxy lum rh etsa .

Kaiutén a , see Zan th oxylum rh etsa .

Kakaab , see He licteres h irsuta .

Kakaé g‘, see Comm erson ia, bartram ia .

Kakaag , see Helicteres h irsuta .Kakam p ilan , see Oro xylum in dicum .

Kakao-kakao , see N ep h elium m utabile.

Kakao-kakao,see Sterculia cun eata .

Kaka o m alv e , see Abroma fastuosa .Kakaro hai, see San sev ieria zey lan ica .

Kak in di, see Colum el la trifolia .Kaku in tésan , see Carma in dica.Kalaad, see Cissam pelos pareira.Kalababa-m aput i, see Lag en aria leucan th a.Kalabé san g -puti, see Lag en aria leucan th a .Kalabayuan , see Brug u iera sexan g u la .

Kalab éa , see Otte lia, alism o ides .

Kalab iia , see Ottelia a lism o ides .

Ka labubo -labayo , see Psych otria luzo n ien s is .

Kalabug au , see Coix . lach rym a-jobi .Kalach fich e , see Plum iera acum in ata.Kalag im ai, see Pan danus sim plex .

Kalag iik o n , see Crin um asiaticum .

Kalai, see A lp h o n sea arbo rea.Kalakalamaian , see Cis sam pelos pare ira .

Kalalau é n , see Asc lepias curas sav ica .

Kala lauan , see Cleroden dron in term edium .

Kalam ansali, see Term inalia calam an sanai .

Kalam an san ai, see F lacourtia rukam .

Ka lam an sanai, see Term in alia ca la/rnau sdn a/i.

Kalam an san ai, see Term inalia edulis .Kalam ans ito , see Triph asia trifoliata.Kalam bo n o g , see Ehretia, nav es ii.

Kalambué ia, see Barrin g ton ia acutangu la .

Kalum bug i, see Dillen ia ph ilippin en sis .Kalam ias , see Averrh oa bilim bi .Kalam o gé , see Eh retia m icrophy lla.Ka lam u n g gaif see Morin g a. ole ifera .

Ka lang-gamat, see Sch efli era cum in g i i .

Kalari'

é uri'

g ug , see Tourn efortia sarmen tosa .Kalaé o , see L im n o p hila roxbur'g h ii.Kalap ia , see Palaquium ah ern ianum .

287

Ka lap ina i, see Brugu iera cy l in drica .

Kalap m a i , see Dodon aea viscosa .

Kalap in l see Av icen n ia o fi‘icin alis .

Kalap in i'

, see Lum n itzera littorea.Kalap in i, see Pluch ea in dica.Ka lap in i, see Vitex trifolia .Kalap in i m afi

'

é it it , see Av icen n ia o tficinalis .

Kalaro ra , see Peristro p h e tin ctoria .Kalaro sa , see Peristr o p h e bivalv is .

Kalatan , see Chaeto sp erm um g lutin osum .

Kalatsuch é, see P lum iera a cum in ata .Kalatuch e , see P lum iera acum in ata.Kalauag , s ee Curcum a lon g a .

Kalauag , see Zin g iber zerum bet.Kalauah an , see Artocarpus cum in g ian a.Kalautit, see Term in alia edulis .Kalayé te , s ee Tecton a g ran dis .

Kalbfing , see S ch izo s tachyum texto rium .

Kalian tan , see Leca m an illen sis .

Kal iantén g , see Leea m an illen sis .

Kaliat, see Gn etum in dicum .

Kaliat , see Gn etum sp .

Kal ibam bang , see Bauh in ia ma labarica .Kalib én , see Blum ea balsamifera.Ka libura , see Blume a balsam ifera .Kalikal, see Cleroden dron bethun eanum .

Kalik it, see Kin g io den dro u al tern ifolium .

Kalimaté s , see Ph aean thus ebracteo la tus .

Kalim o tain ,see Ch iso ch eto n cum ing ian us .

Kalim um ug , see Eh retia m icroph ylla.Kaliri

'

é ad, see Cin n am om um m ercado i .

Kaliifgag ,see Cin n amo m um m ercado i .

Kalin g ag . see Cinn am om um m in dan aen se .

Ka ling ag o il

Cin n am om um m ercado i, 11, 200 .

Kaling -kabayo, see Hyp tis suaveolen s .Ka lios, s ee Streblus asper.Kalio t , see San sev ieria zey lan ica.Ka lipaya ,

see Palaquium ah ern ia/num .

Ka lisk is-ah as, see O leandra n eriifo rm is .

Ka liso , see Areca calis o .

Kal isuchu ,see Plum iera acum in ata .

Kalit, see Tetrastigm a harm andi .

Kal iti, see Helm i'n th ostachys zey lan ica .Kalitkalit , see Cissus repens .

Kal it-kal it, see Colum ella trifol ia .Ka lit-kalit, see Grewia m u ltiflo ra .

Kalito ito i, see Hibiscus suratten sis .

Ka liuaua i, see Fla g e llaria in dica.Kalkalaéd,

see Cissam pelos pareira .Kal lakal , see Leca m an illen s is .

Kalo g k ég ,see Eug en ia calubcob.

Kalo k o g ,see Garcin ia venulosa.

Ka lo m ag o n ,see Term inal ia edulis.

Kalo mfila ,see Elaeocarpus calom ala .

Kalom an o g ,see Term inalia edulis.

Kalubai, see Lag ena ria leucan tha .Kalubkfib , see E ug en ia calubcob.Kahi i, see Ocim um san ctum .

Kalukalum pan g an ,see Sterculia crassiram ea .

Kalukalum p ang an ,see Sterculia cuu ea ta .

Kalulét , see Artocarpus rub'

ro ven ia .

Kal uhin g ,see Lyg odium flexuo sum .

Kalum ala, see Pyg eum g lan du losum .

Kalum é r‘

fé o n ,see Term in alia edulis .

288 INDEX

Kalumb ibit , s ee Caesalp in ia crista.Kalum pan g , see Sterculia cun eata .

Ka lump ang , see Sterculia foetida.Kalum pang o il

Sterculia foetida , ii, 1 54 .

Kalum p it, see Term in alia ca lam an san a i.

Ka lumpit , see Term inalia edulis .Kalum pit-puti, see Grewia s tylo carp a .

Kalu nach é, see Plum iera acum in ata .

Ka luns i, see Amaran thus sp in osus.Kalunai, see Ama ran th us v iridis .Kalun g a, see F lacourtia rukam .

Kalun g gai, see Morin g a oleifera .

Kalu pai, see Euph oria d idym a .

Kalupang , see Ste 7 cul ia luz o n ica .

Kalu p é, see Term in alia edulis .

Kahi p i, see Abelm oschus m oschatus.Kalup i, see Term in alia edulis.Kalu p uen g , see Graptoph yl lum pictum .

Kalurig , see Term in alia edulis .

Kalusi, see Term inalia edulis .Ka lus it , see Term in alia edulis .Kalusuban , see Dipterocarpus v ern ic ifluus .

Kalut, see Dioscorea h ispida .

Kalut-kalutan , see Uren a lobata .

Kaluu i iu a i, see F lag e lla/ria in dica .

Kalu-u i, see Ocim um basilicum .

Kamach i le , see Pith ecol o bium dulce.Kam ach ile o il :

Pith ecolobium dulce, ii, 1 1 0 .

Kam ag én‘

g , see Diospyros discolo r .

Kam ag sa, see A g elaea ev erettii.

Kam ag sa, see Elaeag n us p h ilip p en s is .

Kam ag sa, see Sm ilax brac teata .Kam ah , see Pach yrrh izus er o sus .

Kam a in , see Murraya pan iculata .Kam aisa, see Croton tig lium .

Kam akam s il ihan , see Pith ecolobium subacu tum .

Kam ak sé , see A g elaea ev ere ttii .

Kam ak sé , see R o ur ea v olubil is .Kam alito s , see Triph asia trifoliata .

Kam alun g g é i, see Morin g a oleifera.Kam alung g i, see Morin g a oleifera .

Kam am ba, see Piper um bellatum .

Kam an ch ile , see Pith ecolobium dulce .Kam an dag , see A rtocarpus cum in g ian a .

Kam andiis , see Garcin ia rubra.Kam afi

'

g i , see O cim um basil icum .

Kam an g kau , see Ocim um san ctum .

Kamafi'

g o g , see Dio scorea lu z o n en sis .

Kam an g s i, see Garcin ia bin u ca o .

Kam anr’

i’

é i, see O cim um san ctum .

Kam an si , see Artocarpus comm un is .

Kam an t ig i, see Heliotropium in d icum .

Kamantig i, see Im patien s balsam in a.Kam an tig in g -l in au , see A sclepia s cu ras sav ica .

Kam an t iis , see Garcin ia rubra .

Kam ara , see Piper re tro frac tum .

Kam arag , see Dra c o n to m elum dao .Kamarag , see Pterocarpus spp .

Kam arak , see Draco n to me lum dao .Kam aris , see Term in alia edulis .Kam as , see Pachyrrh izus ero sus .

Kam atalc’

mg . see Hym en o dic tyo n exce lsum .

Kam atam ata, see Ag laia h arm sian a .

o

P‘\

Kam atatalin a , see Cu bilia blan co i.

Kam étes , see Lc p ersicum esculen tum .

Kam é tes -b o n do k , see Lycopersicum esculen tum .

Kam an sa, see Croton tig lium .

Kam aya, see Diospyros discolor .Kam bal , see Pyg eum g la/ndul osum .

Kam bot, see Coix lach rym a-jobi .Kam bra-kam bra , see Helio tropium in d icum .

Kam bug , see Dillen ia ph il ipp in en si s .Kam ias , see Averrh oa bi lim bi.Kam ig in g , see Dioscorea esculen ta .

Kam ig rin , see Decasp erm um fruticosum .

Kam iin g , see Sem ecarpus cun eiform is .Kam iring , see Seme carpus cun eiform isKam kam aulau , see Aris to loch ia tag ala .

Kam kam éte , see Ipom oea dig itata.Kam kam o te , see Ipom oea p es

-caprae.Kam kam o tihan , see Ipom oea p es-carp rae .

Kam kam p ilan , see Oro xylum in dicum .

Kam o kam o téhan , see Op ercu lina turp e thum .

Kam ote-kam o téh an , see Ip om o ea, h ederacea .Kam o te-m oro , s ee Man ih ot utilissim a .Kam o te n g -bisaya , see Man ihot utilissim a.

Kam o te n g -duto n g , see Man ih ot utilissima .

Kam o teng-k aboi, see Man ih o t utdis s im a.

Kam o ten g -kaui, see Man ih ot utilissim a .

Kam o te-sa-m oro, see Man ih ot utilissim a .Kam o ti-ti-m oro, see Man ih ot uti lissim a .

Kam o tit-m oro, see Ma/niho t utilissim a.Kam ot-kabag , see Sm i la x leuc ophylla .

Kam p ilan , see Oro xylum indicum .

Kam p o p o t , see Jasm inum sam bac .

Kam p tip o t , s ee Tabern aemon tan a pandacaqui.Kam ubuag , see Ag eratum conyzoides .Kamulau , see Citrus h ystrix .Kam filing , see Grewia stylo carp a .

Kamuning , see Murraya pan icu lata .Kam un tai, see Citrus hystrix .Kam utf-abag ,

see Dalberg ia ferrug in ea .

Kamut-k ab i g , see Dalberg ia ferrug in ea .

Kam u télen , see Guioa koelreuteria .

Kamuyau , see Citru s h ystrix .

Kam uyau ,see Dipterocarpus g ran diflo ru s .

Kam fiyau ,see Dipterocarpus v ern icifluu s .

Kanai, see Ardisia bo issieri .Kan aro set , see Grewia m u ltiflo ra .

Kanas-k an as , see Grewia eriocarpa.Kandaro rna , see Cinn am om um m ercado i.

Kandi is, see Garcin ia rubra.Kan ding -kanding , see W alth eria am ericana .Kandis , see Garcin ia bin u cao .

Kan don , see Mem ecylo n ov atum .

Kan don g ,see Mem ecylo n ovatum .

Kando n g is o l, see Euphoria didym a .

Kax‘

fgai , see Z an th o xylum'

av icenn a e .

Kang g o s , see Man ih ot utilis sim a .

Kan gk ong , see Ipom oea reptan s .Kan ila , see Cin n am om um m ercado i .

Kan ilao ,see Cinn am om um m ercado i .

Kan ifi‘

é ai, see Cin namo mum m ercado i .

Kan in gn in g ,see Guioa koe lreuteria .

Kan iu in g -puti , see Ag laia g lo m erata .

Kan iu i-puti , see Ag laia h arm siana .

Kannak ,see Dalberg ia cum in g ian a .

Kan om ai, see Diospyros m u ltiflo ra .

290 INDEX

Katutu , see Kyllin g a mo no cep h ala .

Kauakauéyan , see Apluda m utica.Kauan , see A stilbe ph ilippin en sis.Kanayan -son g son g , see Sch izo stachyum la

m am p a o .

Kan ilan , see Dalberg ia cum ing iana .

Kau ili, see Ficus h au ili.

Kau in g , see Aren g a p inn ata.Kau p kup , see Eug en ia calubcob.

Kawayan , see Bam busa sp ino sa.Kawayan -bayog ,

see Dendrocalam us m errillianus .

Kawayan bayug'in , see Bam busa vul g ari s.

Kawayan -boo, see Gig an to ch lo a lev is.Kawayan-Ch ina , see Ba/mbusa g laucescen s.Kawéyan rg id, see Bam busa sp in osa .

Kaw ayan h o béro , see Ba/mbusa vulg ari s.Kawayan-k i ling , see Bam busa vulg aris .

Kawayan -puti , see Gig an to ch lo a levis.Kaw ayan s i-ita n , see Bam bus a spin osa .Kawayan -sina , see Bam busa g laucescen s .Kawayan -s in a, see Den dro calam us la tiflo rus .

Kawayan-sina, see Gig an th o ch lo a levis.Kawayan t in ik , see Bam busa spin osa.Kawayan to to o , see Bam busa sp in osa.Kayakas , see Colubrin a asiatica .Kayafi

'

é a , see Hibiscus ro sa~sin en s is .

Kayan‘g a-rosa, see Hibis cus rosa-sine n sis .

Kayapo, see Pistia stratiotes .Kayo, see Ceiba pen tan dra.Kayo g p o g

'

. s ee Eug enia xan th o p hylla .

Kayo k ég ,see Eug en ia calubcob.

Kayo ko s , see Eug en ia xan th Op hylla .

Kayos , see D ioscorea h ispida .Kayu-gé lu , see Sindo ra in erm is.Kayu-g alu o il

Sind o ra in erm is , ii, 38 .

Kayug kék , see Eug en ia xan th o p hylla .

Kayum an is , see Clausen a an isum -olen sKayum ayen , see Term in alia edu lis .

Kayufi'

é o , see Piper re tro fra c tum .

Kayutana , see Zan th oxy lum av icenn ae.Kedden g ,

see Colum bia blan co i .Keddeng , see Colum bia m o llis.Kedden g , see Grew ia eriocarpa .

Kemamale , see Leed aculeata .Kiapo , see Pistia s tratiotes .Kiba tal ia blanco i

Distribution , iii, 22 2 .


Medi c inal , iii, 222 .

Kibuaia, see Fagraea racem osa .Kickxia blan c o i :Fish poison , iii, 81 .

Xideng , see Dip lo dis cus pan iculatus .Kikk ig , see Ficus ulm ifolia .Ki lig , see Prem na cum ing ian a.Kil i-k ili , see Artocarpus ru br o 'ven ia .

Kil itis , see Am aran thus spin osus .Kilit is , see Am aran th us v iridis.Kiléb , see G leichen ia lin earis.Kilo g , see Gleich en ia lin earis .Kim chai, see Apium g rav eolens .

Kin asaikasa i, see Aden an th era in term edia.Kinatuluan , see Pseuderan th em um pulch ellum .

Kindaio han , see Celosia arg en tea .

ii. i

Kindug -kindfig ,see Aeg iceras corn iculatum

King io den dr o n altern ifoliumDescription and distribution , u , 208 , 2 09.

Fig ure, ii, 2 07 .

Local n am es , i i, 208 .

In cen se, n , 2 08.

Kin in tsai , see Ap ium g raveolen s .Kin tsai, see Apium g rav eolen s.Kinub o t , see Rubus m o luccanus.Kipi-k ipi’, see Mim osa pudica.Kipot-kipot, see Em ilia son ch ifolia .Kip us -k ip us , see Dalberg ia ferrug in ea.Kirin i, see Diosco rea luzo n en sis .

Kiriso l, see Jatroph a curcas.Kir6 i, see Dio scorea diva/ricam.

Kirom -k irom , see Mim osa pudica .

Kiso l, see Kaem p feria g alan g a.Klein h o v ia h ospitaDescription an d distribution

,i, 397 .


Dim en sion s of bast fibers, i , 322 .

Fiber, i, 397 .

Fish poison , m , 80 .

Medicinal,1 i1, 2 1 1 .

Tens ile stren g th , i, 32 1 .

Ko bb éo t, see Ischaem um angustifolium .

K6g o n , see Im perata cy lin drica.K6g o n , see Im perata exaltata .

Kog on—k og on , see Curcu lig o o rch o ides .

Kék o l-daien , see Mimo sa pudica .

Kék o ng-manuk , see Barleria p rio n itis .

Ko lag pun g -pula, see Ardis ia bo issieri.Ko las im an , see Lum n itzera littorea.

Ko ldasan , see Coix lach rym a-jobi .Ko lin ta, see Barleria p rio n itis .

Kolis, see Ficus ben jam in a.Ko liso n , see Citrus sp .

Koinin g , see Artocarpus cumi ng iana .K o llo k o llét , see Urena lobata.Ko llo ko llé t ti bao , see Helic teres h irsuta, .Ko llo lo t , see Uren a lobata .

Ko lo bét , see Citrus hystrix.Ko lo kauayan , see Ap luda m utica.Ko lo k o g o ,

see O cim um san ctum .

Ko lo k o lo g , s ee Cleroden dron in term edium .

Kolo-kolot, see Trium fetta bartram ia .

Ko lo n anas , s ee Av errh oa bilim bi.Kolong -k ég o n g , see Ag eratum conyzo ides.Ko lo tan g -bég in g , see Sida jav en sis .

Kol ot-babui, see Sm il ax bracteata.Kolot-k o lé tan , see Uren a lobata.Ko lo wratia eleg an sDistribution , in , 1 78 .

Local nam es, in , 1 78 .

Medicinal , in , 1 78.

Ko mbateo , see Psych otria luzo n ien sis .

Ko m k o m p itis , see Leucaena g lauca.Ko m o n tres , see Pith ecolobium dulce.Ko ndél, see Ben in casa h ispida.Kon do l, see Lag en aria leucan th a .Ko n iko see Curcum a zedoaria .Konti , see Solanum n igrum .

Kopak opa, see Eug en ia m an an qu il.

Ko ribo , see Can arium v il losum .

Ko rlun o i, see Ama ran thus spinosus .

Ko ro kalaség , see Neph rolepis h irsutu la.

INDEX

Koron-k oron , see Hern andia o'vig era .

Korot, see Dioscorea h ispida .

Ko rrin té , see Barleria pr io n itis .

Ko rth alsia la ci/nio saDescription , i , 2 12 .

Kor thalsia m errill ii

Descripti on , i , 2 1 2 .

Ko rth alsia sacap h ig ero ides

Description , i, 2 12 .

Ko rthalsia squarrosaDescription , i, 2 12 .

Ko s ing , see An acardium o cciden tale .

Kés o l, see E urycles am bo in en sis .

Ko tm o k , s ee Term inal ia edulis.Krus -krus an , see Crescen tia ala ta .Kuak o -kuak éh an , see Abuti lon in dicum .

Kuakuak éhan , see Abutil o n in dicum .

Kuan tén g , see Am aran thus spino sus.Kubém ba , see Can sco ra diffusa .Kubamba , see Piper um be llatum .

Kubi, see Artocarp us cum in g iana .V 4 “

. S“

e A rto carpus rubr o v en ia .

Kubi, see Gerbera mangh as .

Kubili , see Cu bilia bla/nc o i.

Kudlasan , see Coix lach rym a-jobi.Kug itas, see Gn etum g n em o n .

Kug yug , see Dys o xylum decandrum .

Kub asi, see Com/melin a bengh alens is .

Ku in tas -kuin tasan , see Canna in dica.Kuk o dm o n , see Fag raea racem osa.Kukuris , see Euph oria didym a .

Kula, see Geo do rum n utans .

Kulakat iri’

é an , see Pterosperm um obliquum .

Kulalau , see Curcum a long a .

Ku lalo ché, see Plum iera aCum in a ta .

Kulanta, see Barleria p rio n itis .

Kulas i, see Avicenn ia o fi‘ic inalis .

Kulasi, see Decasp ermum frutic osum .

Kulasi, see Excoecaria ag allo cha.

Kulasi, see Lum n itzera litto rea.Kulé si

’, see Lum n itz era racem osa .

Kulasi’, see Osbo rn ia o cto do n ta .

Kulasi', see S cyp h ip h o ra hydro p hyllacea.

Ku lat, see Uren a lo bata.Kulata i, see Jasm in um sam bac .

Kul ata i, see Leca ma n illen sis .

Kulé ta i, see Rotala aquatica.Kulatin

‘

gan , see Pterosperm um obliquum .

Kulét, see Uren a lobata.Kuliad, see Gn etum indicum .

Kuliam o t , see Ficus ben jam ina .

Kuliat, see Gn etum in dicum .

Kul ibutbut , see Tabern aem on tan a pan dacaqui.Kulik -m an ar, see Dalberg ia ferrug inea.Ku lilém , see Garcinia bin uca o .

Kul im ban ing , see Xylo carp u s g ran atum .

Kul in g -m an ok , see Ag laia g lom erata.Kulis , s ee Decasp erm um frutic osum .

Ku li s, see Mem ecylo n edule .Kulis , see Mem ecylo n ovatum .

Kulitis , see Am aran thus spino sus .

Kulitis, see Amaran th us v iridis .

Kul iuan , see Cinnamom um m ercado i.

Kulkulas i, see Comm e lina bengh alen sis.Kul-lang ém , see Tylo ph ora p erro ttetiana .

Kullukulluk , see Urena lo bata.

91

Kulong -kug on , see Vern on ia cin erea .Kul o t, see Diosco rea h ispida.Ku lot, s ee Lyg odium japon icum .

Ku lot-ku l6tan , s ee Trium fet ta bartram ia .

Ku lukatin‘

é al, see Pterosperm um ob liquum .

Kuluk atifié an , see Pterosperm um obliquum .

Kulutkulutan , see Uren a lobata.Kulut-pam o , see Colum ella trifolia .Kum agasaka , see Kin g io dendro n altern ifolium .

Kum an , see Gn etum g nem o n .

Kum in tan g , see L o ch nera rosea.Kun ékun ,

’ see Elaeocarpus calomala .

Kfin ig , see Curcum a lo n g a .Kfinig , see Mah on ia ph ilippinen sis .

Kup iikup it , see Merrem ia emarg in ata .Kupi-kup it , s ee Merrem ia em arg inata .Ku p kup , see Eug en ia calubcob.Kup las , see Ficu s ulm ifolia.Kurén ta , see Barleria p rio n itis .

Kur en , see Stepha/nia japon ica.Kurim an , see Dipterocarpus uerm

’

cifluus .

Kuruk auayan , see Apluda m utica.Kurum pang , s ee Stercu lia foetida .Kus ibén g'

. see Sapin dus sapon aria .

Kuskus ip a, see Cis sam pelos pareira.Kutin g ku t ir

‘

i‘

g an , see Helio tro p ium indicum .

Kutip i, see Cyath o calyx g lo bosus .

Ku tku t tim balo n g , see Barrin g ton ia racem osa.Kuys u-kuysu , see A ls ton ia m acrophylla .

Kuyau-yau , see Paralsto n ia clusiacea.

Kuyo, see Pip er um bellatum .

Kyllin g a m o n o cep h ala :


Local n am es, 111 , 172 .

Med icin al, 1 11 , 1 72 .

L

Labat, see Ardisia serrata.Labau, see Luna sia am ara.Labauel, see Macaran g a tomarias .

Labfiyo , see Meloch ia um be llata.Labiatae :Medi c inal plan ts , in , 70, 232 .

O ils , 11 , 2 1 7 .

Lab ig , see Livistona rotundifolia .

Labnai, see Sterculia stip ula ris .Labn o g , see Ficus h auil i .Labon , see Abrom a fas tuo sa.Lah tang . see Anam irta coccul us .

Labn i g , see Hibis cus su ratten sis .

Lahug -lahug , see Malach/ra capitata .Lada, see Capsicum frutescen s.Ladian g au , see Ag ath is alba.Lagairai, see Ipomo ea p es-cap rae.

Lag an , see Prem/na odorata .

Lag ao n , see Macarang a tanarius .

Lagasak , see Brug u iera sexang ula .

Lag asi, see Leu co syke cap itella ta .

Lag au, see Macaran g a tanarius .

Lag enaria leu can th a :D istribution , iii , 242 .

Lo cal n am es , in , 2 42 .

Medicina l , iii, 242 .

Lag iauat, see Rubus rosaefolius .La g ilai, see Ipomo ea p es-caprae .

Lag in i, see Colume lla trifolia .

292 INDEX

Lagk itan , see Sida m yso ren sis .

Lagmfit , see Ficus h auili.

Lagne ob , see Ficus h au ili.Lag o, see Abrus p recato rius .

Lag o , see Pyg eum g lan dul osum .

Lago, see Pyg eum p reslii.

Lag o d, see Trem a orien talis .Lag o ilo i, see Acan thus ilicifo lius .

Lag o lo, see Acrostichum aureum .

Lag tal, see A rchang elis ia flava.

Lag tang , see An am irta cocculus .Lag tang , see A rch an g elis ia flava .

Lag tang , see Tin o m isc ium ph i lippin ens e .Lag tém n a pula , see Pan icum s tagn in um .

Lag uan , see Euch resta h o rsfieldii .Laguan ,

see Nep h elium m utabil e.Laguete , see Celastrus pan iculata.Lag ukan ata, see Rubus fraxin ifo liu s .

Lagundi , see Vitex n eg un do.Lag undi-late, see Pluch ea in dica .Lagfinding-dagat, see Vitex trifolia.

Lag unding -g apang , see Vitex trifolia .

Lag un di-salasa, see Buddleia asiatica.Lag un to n ,

see Nephrolep is h irsu tula .

Lagup ék , see CM dio sp erm um h alicacabum .

Lagu tlut, see Pan danus co p elan dii.

Lagut-ut, see Xylo carp us m o lu ccens is .

Léh o , see Colum bia serratifolia.La iasin , see Colum bia serratifo lia .

Lailaig inan , see Helicteres h irsuta.Laio an , see Cicca acida.Lakadbulan , see Blum ea balsam ifera.Lakam as , see Pachyrrh izus ero sus .

Lakaubi, see Zalacca clem en siana .

Lakién-t isubusub , see Buddleia asiatica.Lakkari

'

g an , see Eug en ia ah ern iana .

Lam ai, sec Trem a orien talis .Lam bug , see Eug en ia calubcob.Lam ilan , see Dipterocarpus p ern icifluus .

Lam ifi, see Draco n to m elum edid e .

Lam io , s ee Carug a abilo .Lam n é g , see Ficus h au ili .Lam -nuan

,see Bam busa spin osa.

Lam og , see Garden ia p seud o p sidium .

Lam 6n , see E n h alu s a co r o ides .

Lam p akan a i, see Typh a an g ustifolia.Lam pay o n g , see Ipomo ea p es-caprae.Lam p o il , see Illum inan t.Lam p o yang , see Curcum a zedoaria .

Lam udias , see Coix lach rym a-jobi.Lam udio, see Carum copticum .

Lanag o n , see F lacourti a eup h lebia .

Lan as, see Stenoch laen a palus tris.Lan ding , see S cyp hip h o ra hydro p hyllacea.

Landrin a , see Borreria h ispida .

Lan éte , see A llaean th us luz o n icus .

Lan eténg -gu bat, see Kibatal ia bla/nco i.

Lafi'

ga, see Sesam um orien tale.LarTg aban , see F icus fo rstenii .Lafi

'

g aban , see Ficus payap a.LarTgala , see Fleurya in terrupta.La

‘

rTg a-lan'

g a, see Leucas lava/ndul ifolia.Lan'

g arai, see Brug uiera cy lindri ca.Lax

‘

fgarai , see Brugu iera p arviflo ra.

Lan g ari, see Brug u iera sexan g ula.

Lafigari, see Brugu iera sexanaida . .

Lan g bayo n g , see Ipom oea p es-cap rae .Lang dang . see Metro acylo n sagu .

Lafi‘

g ir‘

fg i, see Colum ella trifolia.Lang is, see Pittosporum resin iferum .

Lan‘g is , see Sesam um orien tale.Lan

'

g'itrfg it , see Ce lastrus pan iculata.

Lang ka, see Artocarpus in teg ra .Langkauas, see A lpin ia pyram idata.Lang kauas , see Zin g iber zerum bet.Lan gkuas , see A lpin ia pyram idata .Lang kuas , see Don ax canna efo rm is .

Lan g langas , see Ph aean th u s ebracteo latus .

Lari'

g o s ig , s ee Grewia m ul tiflo ra .

Lan iti, see Kibatalia blan co i .

Lankug , see Term in alia cal am an san a i.

Lanna, see Spon dias p inn ata .Lan o , see Spon dias pin n ata.Lan s ina, see Ricinus comm un is .Lansium dubium :

Description and distribution, u , 304 .

Figure, ii, 306 .

Lo cal n am es, ii, 304.

Food , 11 , 304 .

Lantana, see Lan tan a cam ara.Lan tan a cam araDescription and distribution , n , 2 17 .

Lo c al nam es,ii, 2 1 6.

Oil, ii, 2 1 6 .

Lan tan a o il :

Lan tan a cam ara, n , 2 16 .

Lan tén -sapa, see Ottelia alism o ides .

Lan ting , see Ottelia alism o ides .

Lanut, see Grewia m u ltiflo ra .

Lam i ta n , see A lp h o n sea arborea.Lanutan , see B o m bycidendr o n uidaliwnwm.

Lamitan , see Cyath o calyx g lobosus .

Lan iitan , see Go n io thalam us am uyon .

Lam i ta n , see GyrinOp sis cum in g ian a.Lam i tan , see Ph aean thu s ebracteo la tus .

Lanuta n , see Po lyal th ia fla'va .

Lami tan , see Pyg eum p reslii .

Lanutan -itum , see A lp h o n sea arborea.Lanutan -puti, see Grew ia s tylo carp a .

Lap i, see Grewia eriocarpa.Lap in ig ,

see Eug en ia man th o p hylla .

Lapn i , see Grew ia erio carpa .Lap n is , see Grewia m u ltiflo ra .

La p n is , see Kle in h o v ia h osp ita.Lap n is , see Meloch ia um bellata .Lap ni san , see Grew ia s tylo carp a.

Lap n it , see Colum bia lan ceolata.Lap n it , see Grewia eriocarpa.Lap n it, see Sterculia luzo n ica .

Lap n it , see Sterculia oblong ata.Lapole, see Acrostichum aureum .

La p o naia , see Coleus blum ei.Lapor tea, meyen ianaDistribution , ii i, 182 .

Loc al nam es , iii, 182 .


Laptin g , see Ficus h au ili.Lara, see Cap sicum frutescen s.Lardu , see Decasp erm um fruticosum .

Laréan-anito, see Clerodendron in termedium .

Lasa, see Abrus p recato rius .

Las a, see Cann a in dica.

294 INDEX

Leu c o syke cap itella ta :

Des cription and distribution , i, 374 .


Fiber, i, 374 .

Li-a-s in , see Leu co syke cap itellata .

Liba see A llaean thus g laber.L ibal , see A ch yran th es aspera.L ibakan , see Fag raea racem osa.Libang -bang , see Bauh in ia cum in g iana.Libas, see Garug a abilo .Libas , see Mom o rdica coch in ch in en sis .Libas, see Spon dias p in n ata.

Lib ato , see Base lla rubra.Libato , see Lum n i tzera littorea.Libato ,p uti, see Cam p to s tem o n ph ilippin en se.Lib in tan o , see Cleroden dron in terme dium .

Libtuk , see P tero cym bium tin ctoriumLicuala sp in osaDescri pti on an d distribution , i, 2 12 .

Figure, i , 2 15 .

Loc al nam es , i, 2 12 .

.Orn am en ta l , i, 2 12 .

Lig aa, see Grew ia m ul tiflo ra .

Lig abo n , see Macaran g a tanarius .

Lig ad, see Dodon aea v is cosa .Lig an -lupa, see Polyg on um barbatum .

Lig as, see Sem e carpus cun eiform is.Lig as, see Sem ecarpu s g igan tifo lia .

Lig ayan , see Mim us o p s parvifolia.Lig tang , see Anam irta cocculus .Lil iaceaeFiber plan ts, i, 360 .

Medic inal plan ts , iii, 1 7 5 .

Ornam en tal plan ts , iii, 12 .

Lil itan , s ee Paederia foetida .

Li lium ph ilippin en sis :Des cription and distribution , iii, 12 .

Fig ure, iii, 1 3 .


Ornam en ta l iii, 12 .

Lillau , see Ficus h auili.Lima b ean , see Ph aseolus lunatus .

Lim a-lim a, see Dioscorea pen taphylla.Lim i ng-sfigat , see Pseuderan th em um p ulch elium .

Lim e, birdArtocarpus e lastica, n , 7 0.

L im n o p h ila in dicaDi stribution

,iii, 235 .

Local nam e, iii,


Lim n o p h ila rug osaDescription and distribution , ii, 375 .

Loc al nam e, ii, 375 .

Foo d, ii, 375 .

Hair perfum e , ii, 37 5 .

Lim on see Coleus am bo in icus .

Lim on cito , see Triph asia trifoliata.Lim o n c ito n g -kastila, see Triph asia trifoliata .Lim én -karabau , see Citrus hystrix .

Lin‘

ga, see Sesam um orien tale.Linga-ling , see Nelum bium n elum bo .LirTg aro , see Elaeag n us p h ilip p ens is .

Liri‘

g'

ré tan , see Laportea m eyen ian a .

Ling ri‘

ga, see Sesam um orien tale.Lifi

‘

g o g , see Av icen n ia o ffic in a lis .

Lin g o -lin g o, see Mim us op s parvifolia.Lin o, see Morin da citrifo lia .

Lin o g , see S caevola frutescen s.Lin oleum

A luerites m Oluccana, 11 , 1 24 .

Linu,see Scaevola frutescen s.

Lipa, see Laportea meyen ian a .

Lipai, see Lapo rtea m eyen iana .

L ipai , see Mucun a n ig rican s .Lip ang -aso, see Boehm eria n ivea.Lipang-aso , see Fleurya in terrupta.

L ip an g -duto n g , see Laportea m eyen iana .

Lipang-kalabau , see Laportea mey en iana.

L ip ang -kastila, see Fleurya in terrupta.Lipata

,see Cerbera m an g has .

Lipata , see Excoecaria ag allo cha.

Lip atan g -buh ai, see Excoecaria agallo cha.

Lipau en , see A lston ia s ch o laris .

Lipot, see Dipterocarpus p ern iciflu/us .

Lip o te , see Eug en ia curran ii.

Lip o te , see Eug en ia p o lycep h alo ides .

Lippia n o diflo ra

Distribution 1 11 , 230.

Local nam es i n , 230.

Medic in al, 1 1 1 , 230 .

Lipus , see Dip terocarpus uern icifluus .

Lip fite , see Eug en ia p o lycep h alo ides .

Lip iiti , see Can arium o p atum .

Lip fiting -g ubat, see Ardisia bo issieri.

Lirio, see Hyme n ocallis littorale.Lirio ng -g ubat, see Calan th e veratrifo lia .

Lisid, see Ch o n em o rp ha elas tica.Litalit, see Hyp tis suaveolen s .Litlit, see Piper betle .

Litlit, see Piper retro fractum .

Litsea g lu tin osaDi stribution , 1 11 , 1 87 .

Lo ca l nam es , in ,1 87 .

Medicin al , m , 1 87 .

Liuh o n , see H o m o n o ia riparia.Liuliu , see Ficus h auili.Livis ton a aus tralis

Rec en tly in troduced palm , i, 243 .

Livis tona ch in en si s :Rec en tly in tro duced palm , i, 243.

s s to na coch in ch in en sisDescription , i 2 14 , 21 6 .

Distribution , 1 , 1 35 , 216 .

Figure, i, 2 18 .

Local n am e, i, 2 16 .

Uses , i , 2 1 6.

Liv is ton a m errilli i

Des cription , i, 2 14 .

Liv iston a r o bin s o n ianaDescription , i, 2 1 4 .

Liiris to na rotun difoliaDes cription , i , 2 1 4 .

Distr ibution , i, 2 1 6 .

Figure, i , 2 19 .

Loc al n am es 1 2 1 6 .

Uses , i , 2 1 6 .

Li'v iston a sppFo od, ii, 252 .

Lobi, see Cocos nucifera .Lo bo-lo b o han , see Cardiosperm um halicacabum .

INDEX 295

L o chn era roseaDi stribution , iii, 222 .



Log an iac eaeFiber plan ts

,i, 4 06 .

Medic in al p lan ts, iii, 7 0, 220 .

Log o, see Term in al ia ca tap p a .

L o ilo i, see Leu caena g lauca.Lo kbhi t, see Litsea g lutinosa.Lo kdé , see Dryopteris p i croides .

see Neph rolepis h irsu tula .

Lok olok o,see Oc im um san ctum .

Loloan , see Pistia stratiotes . 0°

L o m ari'

g o g , see Litsea g lutinosa .

L o n gbayau , see Kin g io dendro n altern ifolium .

Lo n gb o i, see Eug en ia cum in i.Lon icera ph il ipp in en sis :Description and di stribution ,

i, 409 .

Local n am es , i, 4 09.

Fiber , i, 4 09 .

Lon tong , see Stercul ia luz o n ica .

Lo -o h , see Sch iz o sta chyum dielsianum .

Lo-o b , see Sch iz o s tach yum difi‘

usum .

Lo om o i , see Scin dapsu s spp .

Loom sSch iz o s tachyum texto rium , i, 2 65 .

Lopa, see Bam busa cornuta.Lo p hOp etalum toxicum :


Lo c al n am es, iii, 203 .


Lo pulo p u, see Lipp ia n o diflo ra .

Lo sfiban ,see B o m byc idendro n v idalianum .

Lotio nCocos nucifer a, ii, 93 .

Lotu s , see Nelum bium n elum bo.Lubanay o n g , see Xylo carp us g ran atum . i

"

Lubas,see Spon dias pin n ata .

Lubi, see Cocos nuc ifera.Lubia, see Pinan g a spp .

Lub igan , see Acorus calam us .

Lubilubi, see Cu bilia blan co i.

Lubi-lubi, see Ge o do rum nutan s .Lubilubi, see Lun as ia ama ra .Lubrican tIsoptera bo rn eenszs , ii, 160 .

Jatroph a curcas, 1 1,1 40 .

R ic inus co mm un is, ii, 1 43 .

Sesam um orien tale, ii, 1 68 .

Sh orea balang eran ,ii , 1 60 .

Lufia cylin drica :D istribution , iii, 242 .

Lo c al n am es , iii, 242 .


Lug is , see Eug en ia man an qu il .

Lug o, see Barrin g ton ia asia tica .Lug os , see Areca catechu .

Lukabbaan , s ee Sonneratia cas eo laris .

Lukabban , see Sonn eratia al ba .

Lukabban ,see Sonn eratia cas eo laris .

Luk ban , see Citrus m ax im a.Lukban-balit, see Murraya pan iculata.Lulup aw , see Abutilon ind icum .

Lum abo , see Jasm in um sam bao .

Lum am pau ,see Sch izo sta chyum lumam p ao .

Lum anai, see Ho m o n o ia riparia.Lum anaia , see H o m o n o ia riparia .

Lum bai , see Metroxylon sag u .

Lum banau , see Ag laia evere ttu .

Lumbang , see A leurites m o luc cana .

Lum ban g , see A leurites trisp erma .

Lum ban g -ban uka lé d, see A leurites trisp erma.

Lum ban g -bato , see A leurites m o lu ccan a . .

Lum bang -g ubat, see A leurites tr isp erm a .

Lum ban g o il :

A leu rites m o luccan a,1 1 , 124 .

Lumbia, see Metroxy lon sag u .

Lum b iag see Metroxylo n sagu .

Lumbo l , see Eug en ia cum in i .Lum n itzera littoreaDescription , i , 68 .

Distribution , i, 2 2 , 68 .

Fig ure, i, 71 .


Forest ch arg e, i , 125 .

Stan ds , i, 96 , 97 .

T im ber, i, 7 0 .

Lum n itz era racem osaDescription and distribution ,

i, 7 0.


Forest ch arg e, i, 1 25 .


Lum p itan , see Quam oc lit p inn ata.Lun an , see Lun as ia amara .Lun as, see Bam busa vul g aris .Lun as , see Costus sp ecio sus .

Lunas , see Go n o caryum calleryan um .

Lfinas , see Lun as ia am ara.Lun as , see Olean dra n eriifo rm is .

Lunas -b o n do k , see Lu nasia am ara .Lun as ia am ara :D is tribution ,

i n , 194 .

Local n am es , in , 1 94 .


Luri'

ga, see Sesam um orien tale.Lu ffg akan , see Macaran g a tan ar ius .

Lunug ,see Ficus pachyphylla.

Lu oi-lii o i n a dak o, see Grammatophyllum mul

tiflo rum .

Lupa, see Fleurya in terrupta .

Lupak , see Euph oria didym a.Lupi , see Ph ragm ites karka.Lup i , see Ph ragm ites vulg aris .Lu p ig , see Bauh in ia cum in g ian a .Lup ig i, see Drac o n tom e lum dao .Lup -lupak , see Lilium ph ilippin en si s.Lup lup p én , s ee Abutilon in dicum .

Lupo , see Colume l la trifolia.Luson g , see Vaccin ium wh itfo rdi i .

Lu sunan , see Eug en ia ah ern ian a .

Lutin g ,see Rubus framin ifo lius .

Luya, see Zin g iber o fi‘icin ale .

Luy-a, see Zin g iber o fii c in ale.

Luyaluyah an , see Curcum a zedoaria .Luyan g -dilau , see Curcum a lo n g a .Luyong ,

see L iv iston a rotundifolia .Luyos , see Areca catechu .

LycoperdaceaeEdible fung i, i n , 1 42

Lycoperdon cep ifo rm e

Edible fun g i, m , 1 44 .

296

Lc p erdo n furfuraceum

Edible fun g i, iii 144

Lycoperdo n lilac im um

Description ,iii, 142 .

Fi g ure, i ii, 1 43 .

Edible fun g i, iii 142 .

Lycoperdon p lic atumEdible fung i, iii, 1 44 .

Lc p erdo n polym orphumEdible fun g i, iii, 1 44 .

Lycoperdon praten se :Description , iii, 1 44 .

Ed ible fun g i, iii, 144 .

Lycoperdon pusillumDescription , iii, 142 .

Edib le fun g i, iii, 1 42 .

Lycoperdon p yr ifo rm e :

Descripti on ,iii, 144 .


Lc p erdo n roseum :


Lycoperdon p anderys tii :


Lycopersicum esculen tumDescription and distribution ,

ii 3 74 .

Local nam es , ii, 374 .

Food, ii, 374 .

LycopodiaceaeOrn am en tal plan ts , iii, 12 .

Lyco podium sppDescription and distribution , iii, 12 .

Ornam ental, iii, 12 .

Acan thus ilicifo liu s iii,

Lyg odium cir c in na tum


Distribution,iii, 1 68 .

Figure, i, 329.

Local n am es, i, 326 , 328 .

Fiber, i, 328 .

Medicinal , i 'r'

r, 1 68 .

Lyg odium flexu o sum

Descri ption,i , 32 8.

Local n am es , i, 326 , 328 .

Fiber, i, 328 .

Lyg odium japon icum :

Description,i, 328 .

Local n am es, i, 326 , 328.

Fiber, i, 328 .

Lyg odium scanden sDescription

,i, 328 .

Local n am es, i, 326, 32 8.

Fiber, i, 328 .

Lyg odium sem ih as tatum

Description , i, 328.

Fiber, i, 326 , 328 .

Local n am es , i, 326 , 328 .

Lyth raceaeMedic in al plan ts , iii, 2 14 .

M

Ma-asim , see Macaran g a tan ariu s .

Maban tut , see Term in alia calam an sanai .

Mabulo , see Diospyros dis color.Mabulo, see Trich o desm a zeylan icum .

Macah iya , see BiOp hytum sen s itivum .

90.

INDEX

Macaran g a g ran difoliaDistribution

, iii, 2 00.

Local nam es, iii, 2 00 .

Medicin al, iii 2 00.

Macaran g a tan ari usDescription and distribution , i i

, 73 , 312 .

Figu re, ii, 3 13 .

Local n am es, ii, 7 3 , 3 1 0.

Ferm en ted drink , ii, 3 12 .

Glue, n , 73 .


Maesa cum in g i i :

Description and distribution , i, 406 .

Local n am es i 406.

F iber, 1 406 .

Fish p o xso n m 81 .

Maesa den ticula taFish po ison , m , 8 1 .

Maesa laxa :Fish po ison , m , 81 .

Mag aan , see Gyri n o p sis cum in g ian a.Mag abalo g o , see Kin g io dendro n altern ifolium .

Mag alo lo , see Lum n itzera littorea .Mag anh o p sa buk id, see A lbizzia lebbeko

ides.Mag ata lisai, see Term in alia calam an sanai.Mag atas , see Euph orbia h irta.

Mag atun gal, see Gn etum g u em ou .

Mag au , see Ocim um san ctum .

Magayao , see Heritiera littoralis .

Mag ilik , see Prem n a cum in g iana.Mag im ap au , s ee Den drobium crum en a tum .

Mag im pa], see Den drobium crum en atum .

Mag it , see Pon g am ia p in n ata .Mag kauayan , see Apluda m utica .

Mag k o n o , see Eug en ia ah ern iana .

Mag lo lo p o i , see Term in alia co m in tana .

Mag lum b o i, see E laeocarpus calo m a la .

Magm an s i, see Vern on ia cin erea.Mag n oliaceaeO il s

,1 1 , 185 ,

Mag talisai, see Term in alia edulis .Magtalulo n g , see Eug en ia p o lycep hal o ides .

Mag tan'

giid, see Bru g u iera cylin drica .Mag to ri

‘

g o d, see Ceriop s tag al .Mag to n o g , see Brug uiera cylin drica.Magu ey , see Ag ave can tala.Mag us iak ,

see Fag raea racem osa .

Mag utap ilak , see Po th o idium lo bbianum .

Mah ih iyain , see B io p hytum sen sitivum .

Mah on ia ph ilippin en sis :Description an d distribution , 1 1 , 388.

Local n am e, 1 1, 388.

Dye , 11 , 388 .

Maiana , see Coleus blum e i.

Maian au , see Coleus b lum ei .Maidba id, see Oro xylum in dicum .

Maig ang , see Eug en ia p o lycep halo ides .

Mais , see Z eam ays .

Ma ism a isan , see Asclepias cu rass av ica .

Makaés im , see Eug en ia m anan qm’

l.

Makaban'

g o n , see Micro m elum co m p ressum .

Makabra , see Rotala aquatica.Makabu

,see Cissam pelos pareira .

Makadaeg , see Drac o n to m elum dao .Makah ia , see Mim osa pudica.

298 INDEX

Mal aputat , see Palaquium p h ilip p en se .

Malaranfim , see Ardisia bo issieri .

Malaruh at, see Eug en ia calubcob.

Malari’

i hat , see Eug en ia m an an qu il .

Malarfiri'

g o n , see Heritiera litto ralis.Malarurang , see Trem a o rien tal is .Malarurun g , see Trema or ie n talis .

Malarutto , see Cis sam pelos pareira.Malasag a , see Pith ecolobium su bac u tum .

Malaség ad, see Aden an th era in term e dia .Ma lasag in g , see Ag laia h armsia’n a .

Malasagin g , see Cu bilia blan c o i.

Malasamat, see Go n o caryum calleryan um .

Malasam b o n g ,see Buddleia asiatica .

Malasamb éng , see Callicarpa erio clo n a .

Malasam bo ng -dam o,see Sp h aeran th us afri

can us .

Malasam p a’

l o k , see A lbizzia lebbeko ides .

Malasan dia, see Ip om oea p es-tig ridis .

Malasari'

g i, see Guioa ko elreuteria.Malas an g -salv e, see Dal berg ia ferrug ine a.Malasan to l, see Ag laia ev erettii.

Malasan to l, see Diospyros discolo r.Malasapsap , s ee Pter o cym bium tin ctorium .

Malasaputi, see Palaquium p h ilip p en se .

Malasik o n g dé ro n , see Trem a orien talis.Malatadian g , see Eh retia n av esi i .Malatak o n , see Helicteres h irsuta .Malatampui , see Eug en ia xan th o p hylla .

Malatapai, see Als ton ia m acrophy lla .

Ma latap ai, see Cyath o caI/yx g lo bosus .

Ma latap ai, see Go n o caryum calleryan um .

Malatuba , see Mal lotus ph ilippin en sis .

Malatum baga, see Ag laia, h arm s ian a .

Ma latum bag a ,see Ch is o ch eto n p en tandrus .

Mala tum bag a , see Gan o p hyllum falcatu/m .

Malauas,see Guioa koelreuteria.

Malaubi, see A ristolo ch ia tag ala .

Malayam b o , see Ardisia bo iss ieri.Malayamb o , see Eugen ia xan th o p hylla .

Malhas-dam o , see Fato ua p il osa.Maleri

'

g g él, see Cans c o ra difiusa .

Malian a, see Coleus blum ei .Malibag o , see Hibiscus tdiaceuS .

Malibag o, see Kle in h o via h ospita.Mal ibag o, see Th espesia populnea.

Malig an g , see Osbo rn ia o c to do n ta .

Maligus , see Buddleia asiatica.

Ma li-m ali , see L eea aculeata.Mali-m al i , see Leea m an illensis .

Mal im é lis,see Euph orbia h irta.

MaliIn a , s ee Ben in casa h isp ida.Malisa , see Piper n ig rum .

Malism alisan , see Scoparia dulcis .Mallets , poloBam busa spinosa i, 2 59.

Mallo tus ph ilipp in en si sDescription and di stribution ,

ii 398 .

Local nam es, ii, 396 .

Ban ato o il, ii, 1 42 .

Dye , ii, 398 .


Tape-w orm rem edy , iii, 68 .

Malobag o , see Klein h o v ia h osp ita .Malobag o, see Th espesia popu ln ea.

Ma lubago, see Hibiscus tiliaceus .

Malugai , see Mor in g a oleifera.Malu l, see Jasm inum sam bac .

Malum alun g gayan , see Dal berg ia ferrug i/nea.

Malung gai , see Morin g a oleifera.Malun g gal see Sam adera indica.Mal vaceaeDyes , 1 1 , 399.

Fiber plan ts,1 , 386 .

Fo od plan ts , 1 1 , 3 36 .

Medi cin al plan ts , iii, 2 08 .

Malv a lusa , see Sola n um cum in g i i .

Malvas, see Abutil on indicum .

Malvas de castilla,see Abuti lon indicum .

Malvas trum co ro m an delinum

Description and distr ibution , i, 388.

Loc al n am es , i , 388 .

Broom s , i, 388 .

Medi cin al , iii, 2 09 .

Malv is , see Abutil on in dicum .

Mam a, see Pina n g a spp .

Mamadlin g , see Colum bia blan co i .Mam akau, see Drac o n to m e lum dao .

Mam ales , see Pittosporum p en tandrum .

Mam alig , see Leed acul eata.Mamalis , see Guio a koelreuteria .

Mamal is , see Pitto sporum p en tan drum .

Mam alis , see Sapin dus sapon aria.Mam alis o il

Pittosporum p en tand rum ,u , 1 05 .

Mam ang al, see Leea man il len sis .

Mam ata, see Euph oria didym a.Mamata-babé e , see Lan s ium dubium .

Mamauéd, see Colum bia blan co i.Mam au éd, see Colum bia serratifolia.Mambog , see Nauclea jun g huhn ii.Mam o g en , see Uv aria so rz o g o n ensis .

Mam o nak , see Ag laia h arm siana .

Mam o fig o l, see Pycn arrh ena m an illens is .

Mam pala, see Man g ifera in dica.Mam p alan g , see Man g ifera in dica .

Mam ued, see Colum bia blan co i .

Mana, see Jatroph a m u ltifida .

Manab a, see Prem na cum in g ia/na .Manabo , see Gynan dropsis g yn an dra.

Manag o s , see H om o n o ia riparia .

Mana lu , see Sem ecarpus g ig an tifo lia.

Man an -aw , see Ph alaeno ps is lueddeman n iana .

Manank il, see Eug en ia m anan quil.

Mana o il

Jatroph a m ultifida , 11,142 .

Mamaon ,see Dal berg ia ferrug inea.

Man apo, see Cyath ea spp .

Man apo, see Sindo ra supa.Man arin g ,

see Dip lo dis cus pan iculatus.Man au , see Den drobium crum en atum .

Manban ,see Don ax cann aefo rm is .

MarTgag o s , see H o mo no ia riparia.Mang ala ,

see Garcin ia v enulosa .Man g alri, see Dip lo discu s pan iculatus .

Mang ga,see Man g ifera in dica.

Man g g a p o le ,see Mang ifera altis sim a.

Man g g asin é ro ,see Ph aean thus e brac teOla tus .

Mang g at in g ,see Cam p to stemo n ph ilippinen se.

Mang ifera altissimaDescription an d distribution , u , 316 .

Fig ure, ii, 31 8.

INDEX 299

Man g ifera altissim a— Con tinued .


Food, ii, 3 1 6 .

Man g ifera caesiaDescription an d distribu tion , n , 320.

Fig ure, 1 1, 319.

Local nam es, ii, 320.

Food , ii, 2 39, 320 .

Mang ifera in dicaDistribution

,iii, 2 02 .

Loca l nam es , iii, 202 .

Medicinal, i ii, 2 02 .

Man g ifera odorataDescription and distribution , 11, 320.

Lo cal nam es , ii, 320 .

Food, ii, 320 .

Man‘

gi l , see Rubia co rdifolia .Mafi

'

g ip o d, see Areca ipot.Man g k it, see Uren a lobata.Mangk it-parang , see Desm o dium h etero car

p um .

Mang o, see Mang ifera in dica.

Man g ostan , see Garcin ia mang o stana .

Mangosteen , see Garcin ia m an g o stan a .

Mari g o tn‘

g o t, see C leroden dron in erm e.Man i, see Arach is hypog aea.Man ih ot utilissim aDistribution , iii, 2 0 1.


Medicinal, iii,‘

2 01 .

Man ikn ik , see Bassia o bo vatifo lia.

Man ila copalAg ath is alba, ii, 20 .

Man ila elem iCanarium luzo n icum , u , 42 .

Man i la h em p , see Musa textilis .

Man ilig , see Bassia betis .Man i-m an i, see Desmo dium h etero carp um .

Man im an ihan , see Desm odium h etero carp um .

Man im p aro g , see Palaquium p h ilip p en se .

Man in ila, see Gar cin ia binu cao .

Man o gbayo , see Kin g io dendro n alternifolium .

Man o g ta lisai, see Palaquium p h ilip p en se .

Manu l, see Jasm inum sam bac .

Manunggal , see Samadera in dica.Man un g g al o ilSam adera in dica, u , 11 4 .

Man zan as , see Zizyphus jujuba.

Man zan illa, see Ch ry san th em um in dicum .

Man zan illa,see Pluch ea in dica .

Man zan itas , see Mun tin g ia calabura.Manzan itas, see Zizyphus jujuba.Maobo , see Dip lo discus pan i culatus .

Maoro, see Lum n itzera littorea.Mapola, see Hibis cus tiliaceus .

Map u la , see Hibiscus m utabi lis.Maraandarayan . see R auw o lfia am s o niaefo lia.

Marabag o , see Th espesia populn ea.Marabas , see Sida m yso ren sis .

Marabayabas , see Eug en ia agaca .Marabayabas , see Eug en ia m anan quil.

'

a'

.

Ma rachu ite , see Croton tig lium .

Maradamo rt is , see Pith eco lobium su bacu tum .

Maragatas , see Euph orbia h irta .Marag auak , see Go n o caryum calleryanum .

Marag auéd, see Eh retia naves u.

Marag au éd, see Go n o caryum calleryanum .

Marag ayam an , see Scin dap sus spp .Marag ém o n , see Brown lo wia lan ceolata.Marag o so , see Mom ordica charan tia .

Mara-ip us , see Strep to cau lo n baum i i .

Mara ipus t i bakes, see Tylo ph ora p erro ttetiana.

Marakapas , see Klein h o via h ospita.Marakapas , see Ptero cym bium tin ctorium .

Marak apas, see Th espesia lam pas.Maram abo lo , see Ch iso ch eto n cum in g ianus .

Maram an i, see Dip lo discus pan iculatus.Mara-ma ra, see Eh retia m icrophy lla .

Marang , see Artocarpus odoratissim a .Maran g , see Litsea g lutino sa .

Maran‘g is , see Neph e lium m utabile.Maran io k , see Calan th e veratrifo lia .

Maran taceaeFiber plan ts, i, 365 .

Med icin al plan ts , iii, 1 79 .

Marao to ng , see Acalyph a in dica.Marap ak o , see Cyath ea spp .

Marasiks ik,see Oxalis repen s .

Marasm ius capillipesDescription , iii, 1 24 .

Edib le fung i, 111 , 124 .

Marasm ius equ icrin isDescription , iii, 1 24 .

No n-ed ible fun g us , m , 124 .

Marasm ius erum p en sDescription

,iii, 1 26 .

No n-edible fun gus , iii, 126 .

Marasm iu s p ato u illa/rdi :De scription

,iii, 1 2 6.

No n-edible fun gus, iii, 1 26.

Marasm ius p ilo p usDes cription , 11i , 1 24 .

No n-edible fun gus, in , 124 .

Marasm ius siccusDes cription

,111 , 1 26 .

No n-edible fun gus , mi, 126 .

Maratabak o , see Eleph an topus Spicatus.Maratakk im -baka, see Sida acuta.Marataro ng , see Cordia cum in g ian a .Marataro n g , see Sterculia cun eata .Marataro n g , see Th espesia lam pas .Maratekka , see Pith ecolobium subacu tum .

Maratia, see Eh retia m icrophylla.Maratug i , see Steph an ia japon ica.Marbaar, see Zan th oxy lum avicen n ae.Marbas , see Abutilon in dicum .

Marbas , s ee Sida m yso ren sis .

Marcilanana , see Em ilia son ch ifolia.Marg arin eCocos n ucifera, n , 93 .

Elaeis g uin een sis, 1 1 , 103 .

Sesam um orien tale, n,

'

1 68 .

Maribuh o k , see Casuarin a equ isetifo lia .

Marig h é i, see P tych o rap his in term edia .Marigo ld , see Tag etes patula.Marikum , see A belm oschus m osch atus .

Marin SIan o ,see L ep idOp etalum p erro ttetii .

Mariu-bariu , see E n ha lus aco ro ides .

Marmafi'

g g a ,see Lun as ia am ara .

Mar-m ara-ip u s , see S ida j aven sis .

Marobo, see Cin nam om um in ers .

300 INDEX

Maro kbaro k , see Pon g am ia pin n ata .Maro n g g OI, see Morin g a oleifera .Maro p o to ,

see Abelm osch us m osch atus.Marsden ia tin ctoriaDescription an d distribution , u ,

4 04 .

Lo cal n am e, ii, 4 04 .

Dye , ii, 404 .

Martin ezia caryo taefo lia

Recen tly in troduced palm , i , 243 .

Marubo , see Dip lod iscu s pan icul atus .Marun g g ai, see Morin ga oleifera .Maruriig i, see Bam busa spin osa.Maru to n g ,

see Euph oria didym a.Masap lak ,

see Grewia eriocarpa .Mataban g -dikut , see Paederia foetida .

Mata-ku o , see Cleroden dron be thune a n um .

Matalbak see Don ax can n aefo rm is .

Mata lisa i see Hym en o dictyo n excelsum .

Matam ata , see Ag laia g lom erata.Matam ata , see Ag la ia h arm siana .

Matam ata , see Eu phoria didym a.Matafi

‘

gal, see Ceriops r o xburg h ian a .

Matan g -araw , see Mussaen da p h ilip p ica .

Matan g-buyud, see Ph yllan thus reticulatus.Matang-h ip on , see Breyn ia. rh am n oides .Matan g -olan g ,

see Breyn ia rh am noides .Matting -sag a , see B reyn ia rham no ides .Matan g -ulam , see Breyn ia rh am n oides .Matan g -ulan g , see Abrus p recato rius .

Matan g ulan g , see Aden an th era in term edia .

Matan g -ulan g ,see Ag laia h arm sian a .

Matang-u lang , see Salacia prin oides .Matatalin a ,

see Dipterocarpus v ern icifluus .

Matobato , see A n aco lo sa luzo n iensis .

MatsAn dropog on zizan ioides, ii, 1 77 .

Calam us spp . , i, 1 58 .


Cyperus ma la ccen s is , i , 34 6 .

Cyperus radiatus, i , 348.

Daem o n o r o p s spp . , i, 205 .

Im perata exaltata, i, 340 .

Ko rth als ia spp . , i, 2 1 2 .

Metroxylon sagu , i , 22 0 .

Mus a textilis , i, 364 .

Neph rolep is h irsutu la ,i, 32 3 .


Pan da/nus c o p e lan dii, i, 3 32 .

Pan dan us dubius, i, 334 .

Pan dan us lu z o n en s is , i, 334 .

Pan danus radican s, i, 334 .

Pan danus sabo tan , i, 334 .

Pandanus sim plex, i, 336 .

Pan danus tector ius, i , 3 36 .

Rhyn ch ospora corym bosa , i, 352 .

Scirpus g ro ssu s, i, 353 .

Scirpus lacustris , i , 353 .

Mattap al, see Don ax can n aefo rm is .

Matting ru sh , see Jun cus efiu sus .

Mayam bag o ,see Hibiscus tiliaceu s .

Mayapis, see An isoptera thurifera.

Mayapis , s ee Dipterocarpus g randiflo ru s .

Mayatban g ,see Dioscorea lu z o n en s is .

Mayk auayan ,see Apluda m utica .

Mayubo , see Dip lo discus pan iculatus .Mayuo, see P tero cym bium tin ctorium .

Medic inalCurcuma

'

z edo aria ,1 1 , 1 83 .

Local uses, ii'i, 1 63 .

Official p lan ts, iii, 63 .

S indo ra supa, n , 38.

Melan o lep is m u ltig landu lo sa


, Local n ames , 1 11 , 2 01 .


Me lastomataceaeDy es, ii, 402 .

Medicin al plan ts , 11 1 , 2 1 7 .

Melia azedarachDistribution ,

m , 1 97 .

Local nam e, 111,1 97 .

Medic in al, 11 1, 197 .

Me liaceaeFood plan ts , 11 , 302 .

Man g rov e sw am ps , l , 36 .

Medicin al plan ts , 1 11 , 196.

O ils , 1 1 , 1 1 7 .

Melo ch ia um bellataDescription and distribution , i, 397 .


D im en sion s of bast fibers, i, 322 .

F iber, i, 397 .

Mem ecl n ovatum .

D istribution , 111 , 2 1 7 .

Local n am es , m , 2 17 .

Dye , 1 1,402 .

Medicin al , m ,217 .

Men isperma ceaeDyes , 1 1 , 388 .

Fiber plan ts, i, 375 .

Medicin al plan ts , iii, 67 , 1 85 .

Poison ous plan ts , In , 79.

Men th a arven sis :Distribution , m , 233 .

Local n am e, 111 , 2 33 .


Merrem ia em arg in ataD istribution , iii, 22 6 .

Lo cal n am es , 1 11 , 22 6 .

Medicin al , iii , 22 6 .

Merrem ia n ym p h aeifo lia

Des cription and distribution , i, 408.

Local n am es, i , 408 .

Fiber, i, 4 08 .

Metroxy lon rum p h i i , see Metroxy lon sagu .

Metroxy lon sagu :Description and distribution , i, 408.

Figure, i, 22 1 .

Local n am es , i , 22 0.

Alcoh ol ic drink , ii, 2 52 .

Food, ii, 2 52Uses

,i, 2 20 .

Miag o o k ,see Ho m o n o ia riparia.

Miag us , see H omo n o ia riparia.Miap i , see Avicenn ia o fiicin alis .

Mich elia cham paca :Description ,

ii, 1 88.

302

Mus saen da p h ilip p ica

Dis tribution , iii, 2 39.

Local nam es , iii, 239.

Medicina l, iii, 2 39.

Mustra, s ee Kyllin ga m o n o cep h ala .

Muta, see Fim bris ty lis g lobulo sa.Muth a, see Fim bristy lis diphy lla .Muth a, see Kyllin g a m on o c ep h a la .

Muyon , see Mus saen da p h ilip p ica.

Mgrm ec o dia


Fig ure, i, 25 .

Myrsina ceaeFiber plan ts , 1 , 4 06.

Food plants, 1 1 , 362 .

Mang rov e swam ps , 1 , 7 2 .

Medicinal plan ts , 1 1 1 , 2 19.

Poison ous plan ts , iii, 81 .

Tann in s, iii, 95 .

Myrtaceae :Food plan ts , ii, 354 .

Man g rov e swam ps, 1 , 72 .

Medic inal plan ts , 1 11, 69, 2 1 6 .

N

Nabo, see Abrom a fastuosa.Nag a, see Pterocarpus spp .

Nag do n , see Trem a orien talis .Nag -em s , see Aristoloch ia tag al a.Nag hub o , see Term in alia c o m in tan a .

Naku lad, see Lippia n o diflo ra .

Nala , see Pterocarpus spp .

Nam i , see Dioscorea h ispida.Nam o see Dioscorea h isp ida .

Nam u t s ee Grew ia s tylo carp a .

Nangk a, see Artocarpus in teg ra.Nan g nan g isit, see Sida rh om bifol ia.Nara, see Pterocarpus spp .

INDEX

Narandau él, see Pith elo co lo bium subacu tum .

Naranja, see Citrus m axim a .Narra, see Pterocarp us blan co i .

Nara , see Pterocarpus spp .

Nato-pula, see Palaquium p h ilip p ens e.

Nd ue led j un gh uhn ii :Distribution , iii, 2 4 0 .


Medic in al , iii, 2 4 0.

Nauclea or ien tal is :Distribution , i ii 24 0 .

Lo c al nam es, 111 , 2 40.


Naui, see Lyg odium c ircinn atum .

Neg eg an , see Abrom a fastuosa.Ne lum bium n elum boDescription and di stribution , u , 2 78 .

Figure, iii, 45 .

Lo cal n am es , ii , 2 78 .

Foo d, ii, 2 78 .

Medicin al, i ii, 1 85 .

Orn am en ta l , iii, 4 6 .

Neowash in g ton ia fil iferaRec en tly in troduced palm , i, 243 .

Neph elium lap p a ceum

Description an d distribution , ii, 328.

Fig ure, ii, 32 7 .

Local n am e, ii, 328.

F

Neph el ium lap p aceum— Con tinued .Food , 11 , 328 .

Ram butan tal low , 11, 1 48.

Neph elium m utabile :Description an d distribution , u , 1 50, 328 .

Fig ure, 11 , 329.

Local n am es, 11 , 150, 328.

Bulala o il , ii, 1 50.

Food, 11, 32 8 .

Neph rolep is h irsu tulaDes cription and distribution , i, 323.


Fiber, i, 323 .

Nerium in dicumDistribution , 111 222 .

Lo cal n am es, i n , 222 .


fi g an o, see Gfrewz

'

a. s tylo carp a .

fi gis i-n‘

g isi, see Guioa, koelreuteria.Ng o tr

’

fg o t, see Cocos nucifera.Ng us p ul , see Psych otria lu z o n ien s is .

Nibong , see On co sp erm a, filam en to sa.

Nicotian a tabacum :

Distribution , in , 235 .

Local n am e, i n , 235 .

Medicin al , i n , 2 35 .

Nig i, see Xylo carp u s g ran atum .

N ig i-puti’, see Cam p to s tem o n ph ilipp inens e.Nilad, see Scyp h ip h o m hydro p hyucc ea .

N ilar, see S cyp h ip h o ra hydro p hyllacea.

Niog , see Cocos n ucifera .

N io g n i é g an , s ee Bauh in ia cum in g ian a.N i égm o g an , see Oran ia palindan .

Niog -n iog an , see Sem ecarpus g ig an tifo lia .

Nipa , see Nipa fru tica'n s .

N ip a fru tican s

Description , i, 32 , 222 .

D istribution , i, 2 0 , 24 , 32 , 222 .

Figu re, i, 34, 35 , 223 , 225 , 22 7, 229.

Lo ca l n am es, i, 32 , 222 .

A lcoh ol and al coh olic drink s, i, 224 .

Cul tiv ation , i , 2 30 .

Fiber, i, 22 4 .

Sug ar , i, 23 1 .

Sweatm eats , i , 224 .

Uses. i. 224 .

V in eg ar, ii, 228.

Nipah , see Nipa fruticaxn s.

Nipai, see Mucun a n ig rican s.Nip o i, see Mucuna n ig ri can s.Niri , see Xylo carp us m o lu ccen sis .

Nirih , see Xylo carp us g ran atum .

N irih , see Xylo carp us m o lu ccen sis .

Nis i-n is i , see Guioa koelreuteria .

Nito , see Den drobium aureum .

Nito , see Lyg odium circinnatum .

Nito , see Lyg odium spp .

Nito a dadakk él, see Lyg odium flexu o sum .

Nito n -n it o an , see Lyg odium scan den s.N ito ng -puti, see Lyg odium circinnatum .

N iton g -puti, see Lyg odium flexu o sum .

N it o n g -puti, see Lyg odium j ap o m’

cum .

Nito-n itéan , see Lyg odium scan dens .

Nitu , see Lyg odium flexuo sum .

Niug , see Cocos nucifera.N iug nu

’

ig an , s ee Quisqualis indica.

Nj ibo eng , see On co sp erm a filam en to sa.

Noth opan ax fruticosumDistribution , iii, 2 17 .

Lo cal n am e, iii, 2 1 7 .

Medicinal, iii, 2 1 7.Ny ireh , see Xylo carp u s g ran atum .

Nyireh batu, see Xylo carp us m o luccen sis .

Nym p haea ceaeFood plan ts , ii, 2 78.

Medicin al plan ts , iii, 185.Orn am en ta l plan ts , iii, 46 .

Nym ph aea, pubescen s :Description an d distribution , n , 2 78 .

Lo cal nam es , ii, 2 78.

Foo d, ii, 2 78 .

Ob ién , see Arto carpus cum ing ian a.Chien g . see F lacourtia rukam .

é bod-obod, see Cyperus radiatus.Och ro sia, littoral is :Description and distribu tion , 11, 37 0.

Loc al n am es, ii, 370 .

Food, ii, 3 70 .

Och ro s ia. op positifoliaDescription and distribution , u , 372 .

Loc al nam e, ii, 372 .

Foo d, ii, 3 72 .

Ocim um basilicumDescription an d distribution , ii, 2 18.

Lo cal n am es, ii, 2 1 7 .

Flavorin g , i i, 2 17 .

Mediinal ii , 217 ; iii, 233.

Perfum e, ii, 2 1 8 .

Ocim um san ctumDescription an d dis tribu tion , u , 219.

Local n am es, ii, 2 18 .

Beads ii, 2 1 8.


Oil, ii, 2 1 8.

Odiau , see Pterocarpus spp .

Odlin g , see Ag laia h arms ian a .

Odo , see Gan o p hyllum falcatum .

Oe'n oth e'raceaeDyes, ii, 4 03

Oil adulteran tSin dara Supa, ii, 38 .

Oil cak e :Arach is h ypog aea, ii , 1 09.

Ceiba, pen tan dra, i i, 152 .

Oil pa lm , see Elaeis g u ine en sis .

Oil, ii, 90 .

Okra, see Hibis cus escul en tus.Okso r, see Ardis ia bo issieri.OlacaceaeFood plan ts , ii, 2 70 .

OlarTg é , see Pan danus radicans .

Olasim an , see Bacopa m o nn iera .

Olas im an , see Portulaca oleracea.Olden iamdia, corym bosaDistribution , iii, 240 .



OleaceaeMedicin al p lan ts , iii, 2 20.

Oleander, see Nerium indicum .

INDEX 803

Oleandra n eriifo rm is

Distribution , iii, 1 68.

Loca l n am es, in , 1 68.

Medicin al, m , 168.

O leom arg arin eCo cos nu cifera, n , 93 .

Olikban‘

g o n , see Comm elin a ben g h alen sis .

Oliv a, see Cycas c ircin alis .

Oliv e o il substitute :A rach is hypog aea, u , 1 09.

Oliv o, see Cycas circ in a lis .

0 16 1 , see Artocarpus odo ratissim a.0 1-61, see Pinus in sularis.Olos -o los , see Litsea g lu tin osa.Onéu , see Aren ga, p inn ata,On co sp e

'rma filam en to sa,

Description and distribution , i, 36.

Lo cal n am e, i, 36 .

U ses. i. 36.

On co sp erm a filam en to sum

Description , i, 23 1 , 2 32 .

Distribu tion , 1 232 .

Local n am es, 1 , 232 .

Uses , i, 2 32 .

Onco sp erma g raci lipesDescription , i, 232 .

On co sp erma, h orr idumDes cription , i, 232 .


On co sp erma p la typ hyllum

Description , i, 232 .

Om 0 8p erma, sppA reca n u t subs titute, i i, 2 52 .

On co sp erma tigz'

tlaria

Recen tly in troduced palm , i, 243 .

Oxi‘

gali , see A g ela ea, ev erettu .

On'

g o t, see Cocos n ucifera.Ong so i, see Coriandrum sativum .

Onion , see A llium cep a.Onych ium siliculo sum :


Lo cal n am es , iii, 1 68.

Medicinal , iii , 1 68.

Oé r i, see Am aran th us sp in osu s.6 o s , see Sterculia oblon g ata.Op erculina turp ethum :



Fiber, i, 408 .

Medicin al, iii 7 0 , 226 .

Oph iog lossaceaeFoo d plan ts, 1 1 , 2 41 .

Op lai, see Pittosporum p en tandrum .

Op -lig , see Bauh in ia cum in g iana.é p o , see L ag en aria leucan th a.Opong -opon g , see Sterculia cun eata.Oran ia decipie'n sDes cription , i, 234 .

Oran ia, p alinda/nDescription and distribution , i, 234.

Fi g ure, i, 233 .


Orn am en tal , i , 234 .

Oran ia p arag uan efn sisDescription , i, 234 .

Oran ia, ph ilippin en sis, see Oran ia, p alindan .

304

Oran ia rubig in osa,Description , i, 2 34.

Oras , s ee Sch iz o stachyum lumam p ao .

Orch ida ceaeFiber plan ts , i, 365.

Gum s, ii, 68 .

Medic inal plan ts , iii, 1 79.

Ornam en tal plan ts , iii, 1 2 .

Orég an o, see Coleus am bo inicus .

Orég ano-lalak i, see Co lden ia procum ben s .Oreodoxa o ch racea :

Recen tly in troduced palm , i, 2 43 .

Oreodoxa reg iaDescription and distribution , i, 2 34.

Fig ure, i , 235 .

Loca l nam e, i , 2 34 .

Ornam en ta l, i, 2 34 .

Orin g on , see Crato xylo n blan co i.

Orin g—orin g , see A do n idia, m err illii .

Ornam en ta l pla n ts, iii, 7 .

A do u idia m errillii , i, 139 .

Areca ipot, i, 1 48.

Areca v idal iau a , i, 1 48 .

Aren g a ambon g , i, 1 50 .

Aren g a m indo ren s is , i, 1 58 .

Aren g a trem ula, i, 1 58 .

Bam busa g lau cesceus , i, 2 58 .

Bam busa sp ino sa , i, 2 60 .

Caryota cum in g ii, i, 1 82 .

Caryota. m aj es tica , i, 1 82 .

Caryota m err ill ii, i, 1 82 .

Caryota m itis, i, 1 82 .

Caryota rum p h ian a , i, 182 .

Co cos n ucifera , i, 1 84 .

H e ter o szmth e e lata, i, 2 1 0 .

L icual a sp in osa, i, 2 1 2 .

Liv iston a, co ch in ch in en sis , i, 2 1 6 .

L iv is ton a rotun difolia , i, 2 1 6.

Oran ia palin dan , i , 234 .

Oreodoxa, reg ia, i, 234 .

P ina n g a spp . , i, 2 36.

Z ala cca clem ens iau a , i, 243 .

Oroi, see Am orph oph allu s cam panul atus .

Oro xylum in dicum :

Description an d distribution , ii, 375 .


Food, ii, 375 .

,Medicin al , iii, 2 36.

Orth o sip h o n aristatusDescription and distribution , iii, 72 .


Oryza sativaDim ens ion s o f fiber, i, 422 .

Local n am es , iii, 1 7 1 .

Fiber, i, 3 42 .

Medicina l, iii, 17 1Os n ia o c to do n ta


Fig ure, i, 73.

Loca l nam es i, 72 .

Caulkin g m aterial, i, 72 .

Tim ber, i, 72 .

Ottelia alismo ides

Description and di stribution , u , 248.


INDEX

Ottelia alism o ides— Co n tinued.Food , i i, 2 48.

Medicin al , iii, 1 69.

Gwan‘g o , see Pan danus rad ican s.Oxalidaceae

Food plan ts , 11 , 2 94 .

Med ic inal plan ts , iii, 193 .

Soap substitutes, 1 1 1 , 56 .

Oxalis repen s :Des cription and distribution , u , 296.

Local n am es, 1 1 , 296.

Salad ing redien t, ii, 296.

Oyan‘

gé , see Pan dan us radican s .P

Paan g -bal iw is, see Malach ra cap itata.Paang-baliwis, see Mala ch ra fasciata.Pabellon de ang el, see Quam oclit p inn ata.Pa chyrrh izu s ero su sDescription an d distribution , u , 1 1 0.


Fo od , 11 , 292 .

Sing kam as o il, 1 1 , 1 10.

Padda-p addak-pusa , see Sida j aven sis .

Pad ir, see Jus ticia g endarussa.Padsah in gm , see D ipterocarpus v ern icifluus .

Paederia foetidaDistribution , m , 2 40 .

Loca l nam es, 111 , 2 40 .

Medicinal, 1 11 , 2 40.

Pag ai, see Oryza, sativa.Pag a-pag a, see L ep ido p e talum p err o ttetu .

Pag atapat, see A eg icem s corn icul atum .

Pag atpat, see Sonn eratia alba.Pagatpat, see Sonn eratia caseo laris .

Pag bao to t, see Ph yl lan thus reticulatus.Pagbilau, see Eleph an to pus scaber.Pagi rug a , see A u tidesma bun ius .

Pag o'i, see Oryza, sativ a.Pag pag ai, see A g em tum con yzoides.Pagp ag an , see Mim uso zys parv ifolia.Pag sah irTg an , see Dipterocarpus g randiflo '

rus .

Pag sah ir‘

i‘

g in , see Can arium luz o n icum .

Pag sah ifi‘

g in, see Can arium v i llosum .

Pag sah ingi n resinCan arium villosum , u , 49.

Pag sa iri'

gin , see Can arium luzo n icum .

Pag saifi'

g in , see Dipterocarpus v em icifluus .

Pagul ir’

fg in , see Crato xylo n blan co i .

Pagul ing o n , see Crato xylo n blan co i.

Pah o, see Ma/ng ifera, altissim a.Pah o, see Mang ifera in dica.Pahuhutan , see Mang ifera, altissim a.Pah utan, see Ma/ng ifera, altissima .

Pain é , see Kin g iodeu dro n altern ifolium .

Pain tsA leurites m o luccana , 1 1 , 124 .

A leurites triSp erm a, u , 1 34 .

Sin dara in erm is , ii, 38.

S indo ra supa, 1 1, 38.

Sterculia foetida, ii, 1 54 .

Tama rin dus in dica, n , 112 .

Paipai-am o , see Dryn aria quer cifolia .

Paitan , see Luna sia, am ara.Paitan , see Pyg eum p resln .

Pakag o nk én , see Cas sia al ata.

306 INDEX

Pam an t i'

i len , see Dipterocarpus g raud iflo rus .

Pam an tulen , see Dipterocarpus vern icifluus .

Pam arn isen , see D ipte ro carpus g ra/ndiflo rus .

Pam arn isen,see Dipterocarpus v ern icifluus .

Pam atag in , see Dyso xylum decandrum .

Pam ias in , see Aden anth era in term edia .Pam ilaten , see Calophy llum blan co i.

Pam ilir‘

i‘

g an , see Pyg eum p reslii.

Pam ittaé g en , see Calophy l lum blan co i.

Pam ittao g en , s ee Calophy llum in Op hyllum .

Pam p ar, see Kleinh o v ia h ospita.Pampasap it, see Plum bago in dica.Pam uté len , see Guioa koelreuteria.

Panabélo ng , see Scaevola frutescen s.Panahon , see Ardisia serrata .Panahor, see E urycles am bo in ens is .

Panabu lo n , see Gerbera m an gh as .

Pan aeo lu s p anaien se

De scription,iii, 122 .

E dible fun g i , iii, 1 22 .

Panae o lu s p ap ilio n aceu s

Edible fung i, iii, 124 .

Pana eo lu s p seudOp ap il io na ceus

Description , iii, 122 .

Edible fung i, iii, 1 22 .

Panaeo lus velu tflc ep s :

Fig ure, iii, 12 3 .


Pan ag is ién , see Mallo tus ph ilipp in en sis .Pan am pat , see Kleinh o v ia, h ospita .

Panap tum , see Pseuderan th em um pulch ellum .

Panau , see Dipterocarpus g ran diflo rus .

Panafi , see D ipterocarpu s v em ic ifluu s.

Pan’au

,see , Im perata cy lin dri ca.

Panau v erdadero, see D ipterocarpus g randifloru s .

Pan dakaki, see Cer bera m an g h as .

Pandak ak i , see Tabern aem on tan a p a/ndacaqui .Pandakak i-itim , see Tabern aem on tana pan dacaquiPandakaki-puti see Tabern aem on tana pan da

caau i

Pandan , see Pan danus co p elandii .Pan dan , see Pan danus sim plex .Pandan , see Pan dan us tectorius .Pandan , comm on or beach , see Pan danus tecto rius .

Pan dan aceaeFiber plan ts , i, 332 .


Pandan de ch ina , see Pan danus luz o nen sis .

Pandans , see 'Panda 'nu s spp .

Pandan -totoo , see Pan dan us sim plex .Pandanus c o p elandii

Description and distribution,i , 332 .


Fiber, i , 334 .

Pan danus dubiusDescriptio n and distribution , i, 334.

Local n am es,i, 33 4 .

Fiber, i, 334 .

Pan dan us luzo n ens isDescription and distribution , i , 334 .

Local n am e , i, 334 .

Fiber, i, 334 .

Pan da nus radican sDescription and distribution , i, 334 .


Fiber, i , 334 .

Pan danus sabo tan


Fig ure, i, 333 .

Lo cal n am e, i, 334.Cultivation , i , 334.

fi ber,i, 336 .

Pandanus sim p lexDescription an d distribution , i, 336.

Figure, i. 3 35 .


Fiber,i, 336 .

Pan dan us tectoriusDescription , i, 338 .


Fig ure, i, 335 , 337 .


Fiber i 338 .


Pafig ahutan , see Man g ifera altissim a .Pari

‘

g alam u tien , see A lston ia m acrop hy lla.Pa fi

'

g alan ud-dien , see A lston ia m acrophy l la.Parig alis o klo en , see A lston ia m acrophy lla.Pari

'

g al-lin asu , see Pterosperm um obliquum .

Par’

fg aluss iten , see Term in al ia calam an san ai.

Pan g an , see Sterculia, oblong ata .Pafi

'

g an to -an ,see Pittosporum p en tandrum .

Pafi'

g ap ato ten , see Pavetta in dica .

Pafi'

g aran dé ri'

g en , see Trem a orien talis .ParTg ardisen , see B o m byc iden dro n v idal ia '

num .

Pang dan , see Pan danus c o p elandi i .Pang dan , see Pandanu s tector ius .Pang -gui si, see A ristoloch ia ser icea.Pé fi

'

g i, see Gym n ar to carp u s w o o dii .

PafiEi , see Pan g ium edule .

Pan g ium eduleDescription and dis tribution , n , 352 .

Fig ure, 11 , 35 1 .

Loca l n am es , ii, 348 .

Fo o d , 11 , 348 .

Oil, ii, 1 61 .

Pan g lan , see Pan danus tector ius .Pan g lirTg ain , see Pterosperm um obliquum .

Pan g lo n gb é i en , see Eug en ia maua'n qu il.

Pan g lum bé ien , see Eug en ia calubcob.Pang lum buyen , see Eug en ia xan th o p hylla.

Pan gman g gaen , see Man g ifera altis sim a .

Pan gmarung gayen , see Pith ecolobium subacu

tum .

Pan'

g o lak s ien , see A lston ia m acrophylla .Pan g un g an , see X im en ia am eric an a .

Pafi'

g u p lasen , see Mallotus ph i lippin en sis .Pan g yau , see Neph elium m utabile.Pan icum p a lma efo lium :

Descript ion and distribution , 11 , 250.

F‘igu re, n , 249.

Local n am es , 1 1 , 250.

Rice substitute , ii, 2 50.

Pan icum s tag n inum

D is rtributio n , iii, 1 7 1 .

Local nam es , in , 1 7 1 .


Pan igbin , see Cor ch orus capsulari s.

INDEX 307

Pan ik in , see Pyg eum p resli i.

Pan si-pansi, see Leucas lavan dulifolia .Pan tin g -pan ting , see Lum/nitzera litto'rea . ‘aPan tin g -pan ting , see Plum bag o in dica.Pan tog -lébo , see Hernandia ovig era.Panuto, see Euph oria, didym a.Paoli, see Grewia stylo carp a .

Pap a it, see Lunasia am a'ra.Pap a it ti n uang , see Co lden ia procum bens .

Papasil , see Lum n itzera littorea .Papaya, see Carica papaya.Paper :Ag ave cau tula , i , 410 .

An dropog on citratu s, u , 1 74 .

An is opte ra thurifera , i, l12 3—4 25 .

Bam busa blum ean a , i, 422 .

Bam busa lum am p ao , i , 422 .

Bam busa spin osa, i, 4 19.

Coryph a elata, i, 421 .

Im p erata exaltata, i, 419—4 22 .

Mu sa paradisiac a, i, 4 1 6 .

Mus a textilis , i, 4 15 .

Oryza sativa, i , 422 .

Park ia javan ica, i, 423—4 2 5.

Pen tacm e con tor ta , i, 42 3—425.Sacch arum sara, i, 4 2 1 .

Sacch arum sp o u tan eum , i, 419—422 .

Sch iz o s tach yum lum am p a o , i, 416—4 19.

Wikstroem ia in dica, i, 42 1 .

Wikstroem ia m eyen iana , i, 42 1 .

Wikstroem ia ovata, i, 42 1 .

Paper, n o n -b ibilo u s

Ag ath is alba, ii, 20 .

Paper pulpBam busa sp inosa, i, 259.

Im perata exaltata, i, 340 .

Sacch arum sp o u tau eum , i, 344 .

W ikstroem ia spp . , i, 403.

Paper sizeAg ath is alba , ii, 20 .

Paper substitutesH om alom en a ph ilippin en sis ,

iii, 90.

Mus a spp . , iii, 92 .

Paper, tran sparen tCan arium luz o n icum ,

ii, 42 .

Sindo ra in ermis, ii, 38 .

Sin do rla supa, ii, 4 8 .

Pap p ag an , see Mim usop s parv ifolia .

Papua, see Noth opana x fruticosum .

Pap utukan , see Cardiosperm um h alicacabum .

Paraiso, see Melia azedarach .

Parals to n ia clus iac ea :




Param eria barbata :Medicin al, iii, 223 .

Parandan g , see Mallotus ph il ippinensis .Parafi

‘

g is-sabun'

g an , see E leu sine in dica .Parap it, see A m m an ia baccifera .Pararan , see GanOp hyllum falcatum .

Paras ablut , see Litsea g lutinosa.Parash o rea m alaa n o n au :

Res in , 11 , 52 . ii

Parda, see Ph as eolus lunatus .

Pare’ see Cis sam pelo s pareira .

Parr see Cis sam pelos p areira .Paria, see Mom ordica ch aran tia

.

Paria-as o , see Cardiosperm um h alicacabum .

Pariam , see Mom ordica charan tia .

Parida, see Cle roden dron bethun eanum .

Parin a , see Kin gi o deu dro n al ter'nifolium .

Parin a, see Sind o ra in erm is .

Paritulo t, see Justicia g enda rus sa.Parkia javan icaDim en sion s of fiber, i, 423 .

Paper, i, 423—425 .

Paro g -parog -t i-n oan g , see Mom ordica coch inchin ens is.Paroi, see Oryza sativa.Parol-p aré lan , see Aris to lo ch ia tag ala .

Paro nap in , see Heritiera littw al is .

Paro nap o i, see Heritiera littoral is .

Parparia, see Cardiosperm um h alicacabum .

Partian , see Param eria, ph ilippin en sis .Paru a, see Pin us in sularis.Paru g -p arug , see Mom o rdica coch in chin ens is .

Parukap o l, see Vac cin ium whitfo rdu .

Pas a, see Areca catech u .

Pasak , see Bassia betis .

Pasak , see Mim us op s parv ifolia.Pasakla, see Ficus pachyphy lla.Pasalkal , see Malan o lep is m ultig landul o sa .

Pasan g lai, see Asc lepias curassav ica .

Pasau, see Co r choru s o litorius .

Pasau , s ee Graptophy l lum p ictum .

Pasau-h apai, see Jus siaea lin ifo lia .

Pasau na b i log , see Corch oru s capsularis .

Pasau , na h aba’, see Corch oru s acutangulus.

Pas g u ik , see Pittosporum p en tandrum .

Pas ing an , see Bam busa spin osa.Pas io ki, see Pseuderan th em um pul ch el lum .

Pasnit, see Kibatalia bla/nco i.

Pas éso , see Eug en ia ma n au quil.

Paso tis , see Ch en opodium am brosio ide s.Paspalum scr o biculatum :

Dis tribution , iii, 1 7 1 .

Lo c al n am es , iii, 1 7 1 .

Med icin al, iii, 1 7 1 .

Paste :Co rdia m yxa, n , 88 .

Pasfika, see Ty loph ora brev ipes.Pata, see Do lich andro n e spath acea.Pauag a , see Pan dan us cap elaudii.

Patakto l, see Ardisia bo is sier i .Patalsik , see Decasp erm um fruticosum .

Patani , see Ph aseolus lun atus .

Patch o u li , see Pog ostem on cablin .

Patc h ouli o il :Pog ostem on cablin , u , 2 19.

Pa tikan , see Caryota cum in g ii.

Patlin g , see Grew ia stylo carp a .

Pato la. see Lufi‘a. cy lin drica.Patong , see Den drocalam us la tiflo rus.

Patpat. see Son n eratia caseo laris .

Patsain'

gin , see Canarium v il losum .

Patug o , see Cycas c irc iual is .

Paua , see Bam busa sp in osa .Paua , see F lag el laria in dica.Paua, see S ch iz o stachyum fen ix ii .

Pauai ,*see Fim bris ty lis diphy lla.

Pauai, see Indig ofera sufiru tico sa .

308 INDEX

Pau id, see n ipa fruticans .

Paunap in , see Heritiera littoralis.Pavetta in dicaD istribution , iii, 2 4 1 .


Med ic inal, iii, 241 .

Payafi'

g it , see Marsdem’

a tin cto ria.Payapa, see F icus payapa .

Payar, see Sonne ratia alba .

Payen a leeriiD istribution , ii, 82 .

Figu re, 11 , 83.

Gutta-percha, ii, 82 .

Pay ina,see King io den dro n altern ifo lium .

Peanut , see Arach is hypog aea.Peanut o il

Arach is hypog aea, ii, 108 .

Pedada , see Sonne ratia alba.Pedal iaceae

Med icin al plan ts, iii, 2 36 .

O ils, u , 1 68 .

Pédis , see Garc in ia v enul osa .Perig a-p er’fga, s ee He liotrop ium in dicum .

Pen tacm c con torta :D im en sion s of fiber , i, 42 3 .

Paper, I, 4 23-425.

Resin , l l , 52 .

Pen tap etes p h o en i cea.

D istribution , 1 1 1 , 2 1 1 .

Local n am e, iii, 2 1 1 .

Med icin al, iii, 2 1 1 .

Pep in il lo de San Greg orio, see Lufia cylin

dr i ca .

Perag is , see Paspalum scro bicu la tum.

Pere pat, see So nn eratia caseo laris .

Perepat, see Sonneratia cas eo laris .

Peres , see Citrus h ystrix.Péres , see Garcin ia v idal ii.Perfum eAcacia farn es iau a , ii, 204.

Ac o rus calam us, ii, 181 .An dropog on zizan io ides, ii, 1 7 7.Canan g ium odo ratum ,

u , 189.

Citrus h ystrix, ii, 2 10 .

Curcum a zedoaria, ii, 183 .

Mich e lia ch am paka, ii, 1 85 .

Mich elia lo ng iflo ra , ii. 1 88.

Pog ostem on cablin , ii, 2 19.

Perfum e o il

S indo ra in erm is, ii, 38 .

Perfum eryAn dropog on citratus, i i, 1 74.An dropog on n ardus, ii, 1 7 6.

C itru s m icran th a, ii, 2 10 .

O cim um basi l icum , ii, 218.

Toddal ia asiatica, ii, 2 14 .

Pericam p ylu s g laucusDescription and d istribution , i, 375 .

Figure, i, 3 7 7 .


Fiber, i, 3 75.

Péris, see Garcin ia ven ulo sa.Peris trOp h e bival v iaDescription and distribution , u , 404.


i-‘O o O

Peris tro p h e bivalvia— Con tinu ed.Dye , ii, 404 .

Pero g -parog -t i-tawo, see Mom ordica co ch inch in ensis .

Petroleum nut , see Pittosporum resin iferum .

Petroleum -nut o il :

Pittosporum res in iferum ,1 1, 106.

Pha ean thus e bracte o latu s

Description and distribution , i, 3 76.

Lo ca l n am es , i, 37 6 .

F iber, i, 3 7 6 .

Ph alaen opsis am abil isDes cr iption and distribution , i n , 30.

Figure, i n , 34 .

Lo cal n am e, iii, 30.

Orn am en tal , 1 11 , 30.

Ph alaeno p sis lu eddem ann iana

Des cription an d d istribution , i i i, 36.

F igure, 1 11 , 35 .

Local nam es, in , 3 6.

Orn am en tal , 11 1, 36.

Ph alaen op sis s ch illerian a

Description and distribution , in , 36.

Local n am e, iii, 3 6 .

Ornam en ta l, 1 11, 3 6 .

Ph alaen op sis sp

Figure , iii, 37 .

Ph aleria cum in g ii :

Descr iption and distribution , i, 403.


F iber, i, 4 03 .

Ph aleria p err o ttetiana

Descr iption an d distribution , i, 403.


Fiber, i, 403 .

Ph as eolus aureusD istr ibution , 1 1 1, 192 .

Lo cal n am es , m , 192 .

Medic in al, 1 1 1 192 .

Ph aseolus lunatusDescription , 1 1, 2 92 .

Lo ca l n am es, 1 1 , 2 92 .

Food, 1 1 , 2 92 .

Ph oen ix can a/rien sisOrn am en tal , i, 2 36 .


Pho en ix dac tylifera :Di stribution , i, 236.

Ph oen ix hanc ea/na

Des cription and dis tribution , i, 2 36.

Local nam e, i, 236 .

Ra in coats, i , 236.

Ph oen ix p usdlaRecen tly in troduced palm , i, 243 .

Ph oen ix r o ebelen ii


Ph oen ix rupicolaOrn am en tal , i, 236 .

Recen tly in troduced palm , i, 2 43.

Ph ragm ites karkaDescription an d distribution , i, 342 .

Local n am es , 1 , 342 .

F iber , i, 342 .

Ph ragm ites v ulg arisDescription and distribution , i, 344 .

Figu re, i, 343 , 345 .

310 INDEX

Pin us me rkusii— Con tinued.Local n am es , ii, 34 .

Turpen tin e, ii, 34 .

Piperaceae :Food plan ts, ii, 2 60 .

Medicin al plan ts , iii, 66, 1 79.

Piper betleDescription and distribution , iii, 66.


Buyo ch ew in g , ii, 2 52 .

Med ic inal, iii, 66, 1 79.

Piper n ig rumDis tribution , iii, 180 .



Piper retr o frac tum :


Local n am es , 1 11 , 1 80.

Med ic in al, iii, 180 .

Piper um be llatum vain subp eltatum

Description and distribution , ii, 260.


Con dim en t, ii, 260.

Pipes (w ater )Gig an to ch lo a lev is , i, 2 62 .

Pipestem sArun din aria n iitakayam en sis , i, 2 58.

Pip is ig , see Av icen n ia, o fiicinal is .

Pip isik , see Aeg iceras corn icul atum .

Pip is ik , see Av icen n ia. o flicinalis .

Pipturus arborescen sD im en s ion s of bast fibers , i, 322 .

Pirara , see Son n eratia caseo la r is .

Piris, see Garcin ia 'v idalii.

Pisa, see Areca hu tch in so n ian a.

Pisa, see Can arium luzo n icum .

Pisa, see Can arium v illosum .

Pis ik . see Centip eda m in im a.Piso-p iso, see Rhyn ch ospora co rym bo sa.

Pisos-p isos , see Quam oclit p in n ata.Pistia stratiotesD istribution , ii, 254 .

Lo cal n am es , ii, 254.

H o g food , ii, 254 .

Scrubbin g , ii, 2 54 .

Pita, see Areca v ida lia/na .

Pith ecolo bium dulce :Description and distrbut io n , 11, 292 .

Figure, ii, 295 .

Lo ca l nam es , ii, 292 .

Food, ii, 292 .

Kam an ch ile o il , 1 1 , 1 10.

Tann in , iii, 93.

Pith ecolobium su bacutum

Description and distribution , 11, 394.


Dye , ii, 394 .

Pitjoen g o il

Pan g ium edule, 1 1, 1 61 .

Pitogo , see Cycas rum p h ii.

PittosporaceaeMedicinal plan ts , ii‘i, 189.

Qils ,.

1 1 , 1 05 .

Pittosporum p en tan drum

Description and distribution , ii, 106 .


ii

Pittosporum p en tan drum — Con tinued.Mam alis o il, 11 , 1 05.

Med ic inal , iii, 189.

Pittosp o rum res in iferum

Description an d distribution , i i, 1 08.

Figure, 1 1 , 107 .

Local nam es , ii, 106.

Petroleum -n u t o il , ii, 1 06.

Pla/ntag in aceaeMedicin al p lan ts , i ii , 7 4, 2 38.

Plan tag o m ajor :Des cription and distribution , 111

, 74 .


Medic inal , 1 1 1 , 7 4, 2 38 .

P lantain , see P lan tag o m ajor.Platycerium biform e :Description and distr ibution , 111 , 12 .

F igu re, 1 11, 6 .

Local n am e, 1 11, 1 2 .

Plec to c o m ia elm er i :

Descript ion , i, 2 42

Pleurotus ap p lica tusEdible fun g i, 1 11 , 136

Pleurotus n o ctfleu cens


Pleurotus o s treatu s

Description , 11 1 , 1 3 6 .

F ig ure, 111 , 1 37 .

Edible fun g i, iii, 136.

Pleurotus s tria tulus :Edible fun g i, 1 11, 136.

Fleurya in terruptaDistribution , 11 1, 182 .

Lo cal -n am es , 1 11, 182 .

Med icin al, i'ii, 182 .

Pluch ea in dicaDescription , i, 84 .


Plum bag ina ceaeMedic inal p lan ts, i i i, 219.

Plum bag o in dica :D istribution , 1 11, 2 19.

Lo cal nam es, 1 11, 2 19.

Med icin al , 1 11 , 2 1 9.

Plum bag o zeylan icaDistribution , 1 11, 2 19.

Local nam es , 1 11, 2 19 .

Med icinal plan ts , iii, 2 19.

Plum iera acum ina taDistribution , 1 11, 223.

Local n am es, 11 1 , 223 .

Med ic in al , i i i , 2 23 .

Pog ostem on cablin

Description and distribution , 11, 2 22 .

F igure, 1 1, 2 2 1 .


Perfum e, i i, 219.

Poisonous plan ts , iii, 79.

Pola, see Caryota cum ing i i .

Polian th es tuberosaD is tribution , ii i 1 77 .

Lo cal n am es , 11 1, 177 .

Med ic in al, ii i , 1 77 .

Pol ishSch iz o stachyum lim a, i, 2 64.

INDEX

Po lyalth ia fla 'va

Description an d distr ibution , i, 376.

Local nam e, i, 37 6.

Rope, i, 3 76.

Polyg alaceaeSoap substitutes, iii, 56.

Polyg on aceaeMedicinal, ii i, 183.

Polyg on um barbatum :

D istr ibution , iii, 183 .


Medic inal, iii, 183.

Po lynesian ivory-nut pa lm , see Coe lococcusam icarum .

Polypodia ceaeF iber plan ts, 1 , 323 .

Food p lan ts , 1 1, 241 .


Man g rov e swam ps , 1 , 32 .

Ornam en tal plan ts , 11, 1 1 .

Polypodium sin uatum :


Figure, i, 2 7.

PolyporaceaeEdible fun g i, iii, 1 1 6.

Pom adeA cacia farn esiana ,

i i , 2 04 .

Pom e lo , see Citru s m a/xim a.Pon g am ia p in n ata

Des cription and distr ibution , i, 3 79 : 1 1,

1 11 , 1 12 .

Fig ure, ii, 1 13 .

Local nam es, i, 379 ; 11, 11 1 .

Fiber, i, 379 .


Pon g am 0 11, ii, 1 1 1 .

Pon g am o il

Pon g am ia p inn ata, 11, 1 1 1 .

Pon g pon g , see Em belia ph ilippin ensi s.Poot-si-n uan g , see Uren a lobata.Poro , see Fato ua p ilosa.Porong , see Grew ia stylo carp a .

Po rtu lacaceaeFood plan ts , ii, 2 7 6 .

Medicina l p lan ts, iii, 185 .

Portul aca oleraceaDescription and distribution , 1 1, 276.

D istr ibution , iii, 185 .

Lo cal nam es , 1 1, 2 7 6.

Foo d, ii, 27 6.Medic in al, ii‘i, 185 .

Po th o idium lo bbian um



Fiber , i, 353 , 354 .

Poth os sppDescription and distribution , i, 354 .

Figure, i, 355 .


F iber, i, 353 , 354 .

Po totan , see Brugu iera con jug ata .Pototan , see Brug u iera cy lindrica .

Pototan , see B ru gu iera p arviflo ra .

Po to tan , see B rug u iera sexa/ngula .

Pototan -babae , see Brugu iera sexangula.

iii

ii

iii

311

Pototan-la lak i, see Brugu iera cylindrica.Po uzo lzia zeylan icaD istribution , iii, 182 .

Medic in al , 1 11,

Prayer-bean , see Abrus p re cato rius .

Prem n a cum ing ian aD istribution , iii, 2 3 1 .

Local n am es iii, 2 31 .

Med icinal , 1 1 1, 23 1.

Prem na nauseosaDescription and dis tribution , i i, 373 .


Lo cal n am es , 1 1 , 3 73 ; iii, 231 .

Medicin al, ii i , 2 3 1 .Piper betle substitute, 11, 373.

Premna odorata :D istribution , 1 11, 231 .

Local n am es, 1 11 , 231 .

Medicinal , i i i, 2 3 1 .

Preserv ative, leath er :Ricinus comm un is, 1 1, 143 .

Preservative, wood :A leurites m o lu ccan a, i i , 126 .

An acardium o cciden tale, ii, 146.

Pritchardia g audichau diiRecently in troduced palm , i, 2 43.

Pritch ardia p acifica

Recen tly in troduced palm , i, 2 43 .

Pseuderan th em um p ulch ellumD istribution , iii, 238.

Lo cal n am es, i i i, 2 38.

Medicinal, 111, 238 .

Psidium guajava

Description and distribution , i i, 360 .

F igure, 11 , 363 .


Food, i i, 360.


Psych otria luzo n i en s i sD istribution , 11 1 , 2 4 1 .

Local n am es , 1 11 , 241 .

Medicin al , 1 11 , 241 .

Psych otria m in do ren s isD istribution , 1 11, 2 41 .

Local n am e, 11 1, 241 .

Med icin al, ii i, 241 .Ptero carpus blan co iDistribution , 1 1 1, 192 .

Figure, ii, 397 .

Lo cal n am es , iii, 192.

Medic in al, 1 11 , 192

Pterocarpu s indicusFigu re, 11 , 395, 397 .

Ptero carpus spp . :

Local nam es , i i, 396.

Dye , 1 1, 396.

Pterocarpus rv idaliana

Fig ure, 1 1 , 397 .

Pterocaulon redo lens


Lo ca l n am es , iii, 245 .

Medic inal , ii i , 245 .

Ptero cym bium tin ctoriumDescription and distribution , i, 398.

Figure, i, 399.

312

Ptero cym bium tin cto rium — Con tinued.Lo cal n am es , 1 , 398 .

Medic in al , 1 1 1, 2 1 1 .

Ro pe, i, 398 .

Tens il e streng th , i, 32 1 .

Pterosperm um diversifol iumDescription , i, 398 .

Di stribution , i, 4 00 .

Local n am es , 1, 398.

Dye , ii, 399.

Medicin al , iii , 2 1 1 .

Rope, i , 398 .

Ten s ile stren g th , i 32 1 .

Pterosperm um n iv eumDes cr iption a nd distribution , i, 400 .

Local nam es , 1, 400 .

Dye , ii,399.

Fiber, i, 490 .

Pterosperm um obl iquumDescript ion an d distribution , ii, 4 00 .


Dye , i i, 400 .

Ptych o rap h is cag ayanen szs

Description , i, 2 42

Ptych o rap h is e lm er ii


Lo cal n am e , i , 242 .

Ptych o rap h is in term ed ia :


Lo cal n am e, i , 2 42 .

Ptych o rap h is m icroc'arpaDescription , i, 2 42 .

Ptych osperma m a carthurii

Recen tly in tro duced palm , i, 2 43 .

Puen g , see Is chaem um an gus tifolium .

Puen ig , see Ischaem um an gustifo lium .

Fug aban , see Caryota cum in g ii.

Pug ap o n g , see Piper um bella tumPuguh an , see Caryota cum in g ii.

Puis,see Averrh o a bil im bi.

Pu lau , see Nym pha ea pubescen s.Puled, see Grewia stylo carp a .

Pul it , see Grew ia stylo carp a .

Pul it , s ee Xylo carp us g ranatum .

Pu lp i'

ilt o , see Justicia g end arussa.

INDEX

m

Quam oc lit p in nata :Distribution , iii, 22 6.

Lo cal n am es , iii, 2 2 6.

Medic inal , iii, 226.

Qu isqual is in dicaDistribution , iii, 2 15.

Lo ca l n am es, iii, 2 15 .


Pulp i'

ilt o , see Pseuderan th em um pulch ellum .

Pum an g ga , see Mang ifera indica.Pun di

’

i n g , see Av icen n ia alba.see Am orph oph allus cam p anulatus .

Fun'

g os , s ee Kyllin g a m o n o cep hala .

Pun it , see Cyath ea spp .

Punlain g , see Co cos nuc ifera.Pun talefan te , see Rotu la aquatica .

Puntas-p i’in tas , see Ipomo ea dig itata.Puos

,see Ficus fo rs ten ii .

Pup u g an , see Rubus fraxin ifo lius .

Purg ativ e o ilCroton tig lium , ii, 1 38.

Jatroph a curcas , ii, 1 40 .

R icin us comm un is, ii, 1 43 .

Sterculia foetida, 1 1 , - 1 54 .

Purik et , see Biden s pil o sa.Puriki t , see Uren a lo bata.Puro paga i, see Ph aean thus ebracteo la tus .

a:

Purp urao k , see Cardiospermum h al icacabum .

Purp ur ik it , see Biden s ch inens is .

Pus er, see S ch iz o s tach yum fen ixii.

Pu sp i'

i s , see Ficus fo rsten ii .P i

'

i tad, see Barrin g ton ia acu tang ula .

Putad , see Barrin g ton ia racem o sa.Putat , see Barrin g ton ia acutangula .

Putat, see Barrin g ton ia racemo sa.

Putat o ilBarrin g ton ia racem o sa, i i, 1 62 .

Puti-i babaye, see L o p hOp e talum toxicum .

Puti-i lalak e , see L o p h o p etalum toxicum .

Pu to puto h an , see Scin dap su s spp .

Put ut, s ee B rug u iera con jug ata.Putut , see Brug u iera sexa/ng ula .

Pututan , see B rug u iera co n jug ata.Pututa n , see B rug u iera sexan gula .

Puyas , see Co ix lach rym a-jobi.Puyugau , s ee Xylo carp u s nw luc censis .

Puyus , see Dip lo dis cus pa/n icula tus.Pycn arrh ena man illen s is :

D istribution , iii, 186.

L o cal nam es , 1 11 , 1 86.

Medicinal , 1 1 1 , 186 .

Pyg eum g lan dulosum :

Description and d istribution , ii, 389.

Local nam es, ii, 388 .

Dy e , i i , 389 .

Pyg eum p reslii

Description and d istr ibution , ii , 389.


Dye , i i, 389.

Rabo de leon , see San sev ier ia zeylan ica.Rabo de tig re, see Sans ev ieria zey lan ica.R ag ian g , see A lo casia m a crorrh iz a.Ragin i, see Rubus rosae folius .B ag iu , see Rhyn ch o spora corymbosa.R ag iu-diu , s ee Rh yn ch osp o ra corymbosa.

Rag iudiu , see Scirpus g ro ssus .

R ag -rag adi, see Achyran th es asp era .Rain coats :

Lii 'is to n a coch in ch in en sis , i, 2 16.

Liv is ton a rotund ifolia , i, 2 16.


Ph oen ix h anc eana , i, 2 36.

Raiya-raiya , see Ficus h au ili .R ak ido , see Rh yn ch ospora corym bo sa .Rambutan , see Neph elium lap p aceum .

Ram butan tal low :

Neph el ium lap p ac eum , i i, 148.

Ram ie , see Boehmeria n ivea.R angraiigau , see Ipom oea p es—tig ridia.

314

Rubus el lipticusDes cription and dis tribution , ii, 285.

Local n am e, ii, 2 85 .

Fo od , ii 2 85 .

Rubus elmeriDes cription an d dis tribution , i i , 285 .

Loc al nam e, i i, 285 .

Foo d , ii, 2 85 .

Rubus fraxin ifo liusDes cription an d dis tribution , i i , 285.


Food, ii, 2 85 .

Rubu s n iveus :Des cription and distribution , ii, 286.

Local n am e, i i , 286 .

Food , ii, 2 86.

Rubus pectin ellus :Description and distribution , ii, 286.

Fig ure, ii, 287 .

Lo cal n am e, ii, 286.

Food , ii, 286 .

Rubus r o lfe iDescription and distribution , ii, 286.

Food , ii, 286.

Rubus rosaefoliu s :Des cription and d istribution , ii, 288.

Lo cal nam es, ii, 288.

Foo d , ii , 2 88 .

R ug ian , see Bam bus a spin osa .Ruk ro ks o , see Eug en ia ah ern ian a .

R uk ruk so , see Ardisia ser rata .

Ruku ro k , see Mor ind a c itrifo lia .

Rum aka, see Aren g a tremula .

Bun‘g on , see Ceriop s tag al.R i

’

i n o , see Miscan thus sin en sis .

Rutaceae :Foo d plan ts , ii, 296.

Medi c inal plants , iii, 193 .

Oi ls , i i , 208.

Sabal adan son ii :Recen tly introduced palm , i , 243.

Sabal blackburn eanum :

Rec en tly in troduced palm , i , 243.

Sabal ma uritifo rme

Recen tly in troduced palm , i , 2 43 .

Sabal palm e ttoRe cen tly in troduced palm , i, 243 .

Sabfo g , see Ficus m in ahas sae .

Sabia , see Piper retro fractum .

Sabila , see Sans evieria zey lan ica.Sabilau , see Comm e lin a benghalensis .

Sablbt , see Litsea g lutin osa.Sabn it , see Hibiscus suratten sis .

Sabo ag o n , see Pittosp o rum p en tandrum .

Sabun g see Eleusin e in dica.Sabun é g , see Ph ragm ites karka .

Sabutan , see Pan da/nus s abo ta/n .

Sabutan , see Pandanu s tector ius .

Sabutan-buaia, see Vallisneria g igan tea.Sacch arum o fi

‘ici’narum :

Fiber, i, 344 .

Sacch arum saraPaper, i, 42 1 .

INDEX

Sacch arum sp o n tan eum

Loc al n am es , i, 344 .

D im en sions of fiber, i , 422.Fiber, i, 344 .

Paper, i, 4 19—422 .

Sach et powderAcorus calam us , 11 , 1 81 .

Sadak , see Ichn o carp us o vatifo lius .

Sada k , see Malaisia scanden s.Sadak , see Parame ria ph il ippin en sis.Sadaua g , see Pina n g a spp .

Sadi’

i ag , see Pinang a spp .

Ség a , see A brus p re cato rius .

Sag a, see Drynaria quer cifolia .

sag a, see Nipa fru tican s .

Sag adan , see Lep idOp e ta lu/m p erro tteti i .

Sagag a , see Pittosporum res in iferum .

Sé g ai-kan g ai, see Zan th oxylum rh etsa.

Sag akap , see Flag ellaria in dica.Sag ambag ing , see Abrus p reca to rius .

Sag ap o k , see Mucun a n igrican s .Sag asa , see B ru gu iera sexang u la.

Sag asa, see Lum n itzera littorea.Sag as a. see Osbo rn ia o cto do n ta .

Sag asa, see Scyp h ip h o ra h ydro p h yllacea.

Sag asag a , see , Abru s p recato rius .

Sagasak , see Brug uiere sexan gula .

Sag at, see Pterocarpus spp .

Sag iat , see Go n io th alam us am uyon.

Sag ing-sagin g , see Aeg iceras corn icula tum .

Sag iii’

g sag ii'

fg an , see Helicteres h irsuta.

Sag ing s in g , see Mem ecylo n ovatum .

Sag isi, see H etero sp ath e e lata .

Sag it, see Verno n ia cen erea .

Sag ittaria sag ittifoliaDescription and distribution , i i, 246 .

Lo c al n am es , ii, 246.

Foo d, 1 1 , 2 46 .

Sago pa lm , see Metroxylon sagu .

Sagu , see Metroxylon sag u .

Sag u, see W ikstroem ia m eyen iana .

Sag un-sag un , see Adenan th era in term edia.Sah ikan , see Portulaca oleracea.sabin g , see Can arium luzo n icum .

Sakat, see Term in alia calama nsanai.

Sakat, s ee Term inalia edulis .Séket, see Term in alia calaman sana i.

Saket, see Term inalia edulis .

Sako , see Barrin g ton ia acu tan g u la .

Sakolon , see Areca calis o .

Sak olon , see Pin an g a spp .

Sak sig , see Areca ipot .Saks ik , see Areca ipot.Sé lab , see Guioa koe lreuteria .

Sé lab , see Lep ido p etalum p err o tteti i .

Salabag in , see Flaco urtia rukam .

Salab na pu la , s ee Mallotus philippinens is.Salacia pr in oides :Distribution , i i i, 203 .

Lo ca l n am e, 1 1 1 , 2 03 .

Medicinal, i i i , 203 .

Saléda i, see Zan th oxylum rh etsa .

Sala d o il :

A rach is hypog ae a ii , 1 09.

Morin g a oleifera, 11 , 1 04 .

INDEX

Salag in , see Ch is o ch eto n cum in g ian us .

Salag ip , see W ikstroem ia lan ceolata.Salag iso g , see Cibotium baran etz .

Salag o, see Ph aleria cum in g ii.

Salag o, see W ikstroem ia indica .

Salag o , see W iks troem ia lan ceola ta.Salag o, see Wikstroem ia ovata.Sa lago , see W ikstroem ia spp .

Salag o, lan ce-leaf, see W ikstroem ia lan ceolata.Salag o, larg e-leaf, see W ikstroem ia m eyen iana .

Salag o, roun d-leaf, see W ik stroem ia ovata.Sa lag o , sma ll-leaf, see W iks troem ia in dica .

Salag o n g -h abse, see Ph aleria cum ing ii .

Salag o ng-g i’ibat , see Ph aleria cum ing i i .

Sala i, see Zan th oxy lum av icen n ae.Salai, see Zan th oxy lum rh et sa .

Salai see Zan th oxy lum av icenn ae.Sala isau , see Term in al ia catap p a .

Sa lalafi'

g in , see King iodendro n altern ifolium .

Sal am i'

i ri'

g ai, see Ag laia h arms ian a .

Salan g isag , see Pin an g a spp .

Salan io g , see H etero sp a th e e lata.Salaapu , see Ven t ilag o dich otom a .

Sa la’sa , see Lum n itzera littorea .

Salasaliiyu t , see Corch o rus acu tan gulus .

Salas an dia , see Ipom oea p es-tigridis .

Salen g , see Gan o p hyllum fatcat-um .

sa leng , see Pinus in su la ris .

Sa let, see H o ma lo m en a ph i lippin en si s .Salet n‘g a nalabag a , see H o ma lom ena ph ilippinen sis.

Salibangbang , see Bauh in ia cum ing iana .

Saliban gban g , see Crinum asiaticum .

Salig au , see Croton tig lium .

Sal igum , see Mom ordic a ch aran tia .

Salik , see Sida acuta .Salik i

'

i t , see Palaquium ah ern ian um .

Salil ihan , see Decas p erm um fruticosum .

Salin g , see Can arium v illo sum .

Salin g -baté , see Go n o caryum calleryanum .

Salin g g o g o n , see Crato xylo n blanc o i.

Saling kug i, see Pong am ia pin n ata.see Decasp erm um fruticosum .

Saling -uak , see Cleroden dron in term edium ,

Sal in g -uak , see Clerodendron quadrilo culare .

Salisai, see Term in alia calam ansanai .

Sal is a i , see Term inal ia catap p a .

see Ficus . ben jam in a.Sal it, see Pinu s m erkusii.

Salita , see Leuca s la vandulifolia.Salla p ug ud, see Ag la ia harm siana .

Sal o g on , see An tiaris to xi caria.

Sal o mag i, see Tam arindus in dica.Sal ong , see Ag ath is alba .Saléyo t, see Cor ch orus olitor ius .

Sals alida , see Eclipta alba.Salsallakapu , see Tourn efort ia sarm en tosa.

Sal sali'

iyu t , see Malvas trum co ro m ande linum .

Saltik i, see Lunas ia amara .Salua-sua, see Capparis m icracan tha .

Sélub , see Guioa ko elreuteria.Saluk i

'

it, see Palaquium ah ern ia/num .

Salum ag i, see Tamarindus in dica.Sali

'

iyo ng , see Cordia m yxa.

315

Saluyot, see Co r ch orus olito ri us .

Sal i'

iyu t, see Corch o ru s olitorius .Salv es :Coc os n ucifera , 11 , 93 .

Samadera in dicaDescription an d di stribution , ii, 1 14 .

Lo ca l nam es , ii, 1 1 4 .

Manung g al o il, ii, 1 1 4 .

Medicinal, iii, 1 96.

Sém ak , see Macaran g a tanarius .

Sam ak , see Macaran g a tan arius .

Sama t, see Piper betle .

Sam bag , see Tam arindus indica .

Sambfl ag isai, see Soph ora tom en tosa.Sam balduke , see An acardium occ iden tale.Sam bon , see Blumea bal sam ifera.Samb6ng , see Blum ea balsam ifera.Sambong-dam o , see Sp h aeran thus african us .

Sam bong -g ala, see Pterocaulon redo l ens .

Sam bon g -g al a, see Sp h aeran th us africanus .

Sam bon g -k o la , see Budd leia asiatica.Sam bon g o il

Blum ea balsam ifera,i i , 2 22 .

Sam bo no tan , see Eug en ia ah ern iana .

Sam b i’

m g , see Pterocaulo n redo len s .

Sam burag at , see Termin al ia calamansanai.

Sam ilin g , see Cin n am om um m ercado i.

Sam pag a, see Jasm in um sam bac .

Sam pag a, see Plum bag o zeylan ica.Sampag ita, see Jasm inum sam bac .

Sam p ag ita doble, see Jasm inum sam bac.

Sam paka, see Mich elia ch am paca .

Sam pa lok , see Tamarin dus in dica.Sam p alo kan , see Scoparia dul cis .

Sam p ap are’

, see Cis sam pelo s pareira.Sam paran , see Leucas lavandul ifolia .Sam p in it, see Rubus frax in ifo lius .

Sém uk , see Macar ang a tanarius .

Samuyau , see Citrus m icran th a.Sam uyau o il :

Citrus m icran th a , 1 1, 2 10.

Sana, see Nelu bium n elum bo.Se n bag , see Tam arin dus in dica.Sanda, see L o ch in era rosea .Sandalaitan , see Soph ora tomen tosa.San do r icum ko e tj ap e :

Description and distribution , 1 1 , 308.

Figu re, 1 1 , 307.

Lo ca l n am es , 1 1, 308 .

Foo d, ii , 3 08 .


San Fran cis co-bun dok , see Jus ticia g endaru ssa .

San gdidik it , see Plum bag o zey lan ica.Sangdik it, see Plum bag o zeyla/nica.

San g g iim ai, see Dendrobium crum ena tum .

San gg i'

im ai, see Dendrobium revo lutum .

San gk ilan , see Pav etta ind ica.San g k i

’

iyo n g , see Xylo carp us m o luccens is .

San g lai, see Ceiba pen tan dra.San g sar

'

i‘

g itan , see Sporobolu s elo n g atus .

San Pedro, see Leucaena g lauca.

San Pedro, s ee L o chnera rosea.San Pedro, see Phyllan thus n iruri.

316 INDEX

San san do k , see Celosia arg en tea.San san , see Cissam pelos pareira .Sansau-san sauan , see Cis sam pelos pareira.San sev ieria zeylan icaDescription and distribution , i. 362 .


Fiber, 1, 360 .

Medic in al , iii, 1 7 5.

San ta Elen a, see Leucaen a g lauca.San tik i, see Lun asia am ara .San tin g , see Breyn ia rham n oides.San tin g ,

see Lum n itzera littorea.San tin g -san tin g , see Acan thus il icifo lius .

Santé l , see San do ricum k o etjap e .

San tor, see San do ricum ko etjap e .

Sao g—m ach in , see Piper r e tro fractum .

Saon g -saong , see Can arium v illosum.

Sapan g , see Caesalp in ia sappan .

Sapan g , see Dioscorea pen taphy l la .

Sap aun , see Nauc lea jun g huh n ii.Sapin daceaeF iber plan ts , 1 , 380.

Food plan ts , 1 1 , 322 .

Medic in al plan ts , i ii, 2 03 .

Oils , i i , 147 .

Poison ous plan ts , iii, 80.

Soap substitutes , iii, 58 .

Sap in dus sapon ariaDes cription and d istribution , i, 380.


Fiber, i , 380.

Soap subs titute, i, 380 ; iii, 59.

Sap in it, see Abe lm osch us m osch atus.Sap in it , see Hibiscu s suratten sis .

Sap in it, see Rubus fraxin ifo liu s .

Sap in it, see Rubus rosaefolius .Sap in-sapin , see Ble chum br o wn ei.

Sap iro , see A lp h o n sea arborea.Sap lid, see Term in al ia calam an san ai.

Sap lit , s ee Pith ecol o bium su bacu tum .

Sap lufi'

g an , see Ag laia g lom erata.Sap liir

'

fg an , see Ag laia h arm s iana .

see Term in alia c o m in tan a .

SapotaceaeFood plan ts , 1 1 , 3 64 .

Gum s , ii , 73 .

Medic in al plan ts, iii, 7 0 , 2 19.

O ils , i i , 1 66 .

Sap -sapan g , see Harris o n ia perforata.

Sarai, see Zan th oxylum rh e tsa .

Saram an , see Pin an g a spp .

Saram o , see Achyran th es aspera.Sarasa, see Graptoph y llum pictum .

Sarau , see Liv iston a rotun difolia.Sarauag , see Pin an g a spp .

Sarg uélas ,see Sp o n dia purpurea.

Sarip o n g p én g , see Sterculia oblong ata .Sarn u gar a dadakkél, see Hel icteres h irsuta.Sarok , see Kin g io den dro n altern ifolium .

Sarok , see Pog o stem on cablin .

Saru n gkad, see Ty loph ora brev ipes.Sarun g kar, see Ty loph ora brev ipes.Sarun g kara babass it , see Faloua p il osa.Sasa, see Nipa fru tican s .

Sas itan g , see Lyg odium flexu o sum .

Sanag -caballo , see Trium fetta bartram ia.Saua ng , see Cy cas circin al is .

Saun g , see Pinu s in sularis.Savidug , see Term in alia catap p a.

Saw ale

Sch iz o s tach yum lum am p ao , i, 2 64 .

Saxyfrag ac eae

Tobacco substitutes, i ii, 95 .

Sayap é , see Abrom a fastuosa .Sayap i

'

i , see Abrom a fastuosa.Sayikan , see Euph orbia h irta.Sayo n gkal, see Tyloph o ra brevipes.Scaev ola frute scen sDistribution , 1 1 1, 2 43 .

Local n am es , 1 1 1 , 243 .

Medic in al , 1 11 . 243 .

Sch efilera blauem :

F ish poison , i i i , 81 .

Sch efilera cum in g i i

D istr ibution , 1 1 1 , 2 1 7 .

Local n am e, 1 1 1,217 .

Medic in al , 1 1 1 , 2 1 7 .

Sch efflera e llip tifo lio la


Local n am es , 1 11 , 2 17 .

Med icinal , 1 1 1, 2 17 .

Sch efllera odorataDistr ibution , 1 1 1, 2 1 7 .

Local n am es, 1 11 , 2 17 .

Medic in al , 1 11 , 2 17

Sch efilera p ip ero idea


Local n am e, 111, 2 1 7 .

Sch izaeaceaeF iber plants, i, 326.

'

Medic in al p lan ts , iii, 1 68 .

S ch iz o s tachyum brach ycladum


F ig ure, i, 298 .


Sch iz o stachyum cwrran ii

Description and distribution , i, 2 65.

Fig ure , i, 3 00 .

Sch izo s tachyum dielsianum

Description , i 2 63 , 2 64.

D istribution ,1 , 264 ; iii, 17 1 .

Fig ure, i, 2 99.

Lo cal n am es , 1 , 2 64.

Medic in al, 1 1 1 , 1 7 1 .

Uses, i, 2 64 .

Sch izo stach yum difiusum


D istribution , i, 2 64 .

Figure, i, 301 .


Bask ets, i, 2 64 .

Ch airs, i, 2 64 .

S ch iz o stachyum fen ixi i

Description , i, 2 63.

Distribution , i, 2 65 .

Fig ure, i, 302.

Lo cal n am es , i, 2 65.

318 INDEX

Sesuv ium portu lacastrumDescription and distribution , i i , 276.Lo cal n am e, 11 , 276.Food , ii, 276.

Shafts, v eh icleDendrocal am us m errill ian us , i, 261 .

Sh am pooCitru s m ic ran th a, ii, 210.Citrus sp . , 1 1 , 212 .

Sh oe soles :Son n eratia caseo lar is ,

i, 48.

Sh orea ba lan g eranD istribution , ii 160.

Born eo tallow , 11 , 1 60.

Resin , ii , 52 .

Sh orea exim ia :Resin , 1 1 , 52.

Sh orea n eg ro s en sis

Resin , 11 , 52 .

Sh orea palosap isResin , ii , 52.

Sh orea p o lysp erm a

Resin , i i, 52.

Shuttles , h an d-loomBam busa sp in osa , i , 259.

Siapo , see Grew ia m ul tiflo ra .

Siapo , see Melo ch ia um be llata.Sib lot, see Litsea g lutino sa.Sibukau , see Caesalpin ia sappan .

Sibut-s ib i'i ta n , see Strep to cau lo n baum i i .

Sibuyas , see A llium cepa .

Sida acuta :Description and distribution , i , 390.

Loc al n am es , i , 390.

Fiber, i, 390.

Medicinal , iii, 209.

Ten sil e s tren gth , i, 321.

Sida cordifoliaDescription and distribution , i ,

390.

Lo cal n am es , i, 390.Fiber, i. 390.

Med icin al , iii, 209.

Sida j av en sis :Distribution , iii , 209.

L o cal n am es , i ii , 209.

Med icinal iii, 209 .

Sida m ys o ren sisDescription , i , 390.


Rope, i, 390.

Sida rh om bifoliaDes cription an d distr ibution , 1, 391 .

Lo cal nam es, i, 391 .

Fiber, i, 391 .

Sidda , see Sacch arum sp o n tan eum .

Sidit , see Scutellaria luz o n ica .

Sieg esbeckia or ien tal is :Distribution , iii, 245.



Sig -id,see Ichn o carp us o vatifo lius .

Sig id, see Mala is ia scanden s.Sig re , see San sev ieria zeylan ica.S iitan , see Am aran thus spino su s.

Sikal, see Sacch arum sp o n tan eum .

Sikam as , see Pachyrrh izus ero sus .

Sikk ir, see Fato ua p ilosa .

Silad , s ee Coryph a elata.Silag , see Coryph a elata.Silas ila, see Jussiaea lin ifo lia .

S ilen g -boton es , see Capsicum frutescen s.Silen g -labuyo , see Capsicum frutescen s.Si li , see Capsicum frutescen s.Sil ipan , see Ven tilag o dich otoma .

Silis ilih an , see R h ina ca/nthu s n asuta.Silis il ih an , see Pseuderan th em um pulch ellum .

Si lk -cotton tree , see Ceiba pen tan dra.Silon g -p i'i g o , see Pericam p ylu s g laucu s.Sima rubac eae :

Medic in al p lan ts , 1 11 , 68, 195 .

Oils , i i , 114.

Sinalig an , see Cordia m yxa.Sinal ig an , see Sterculia oblong ata.Sinam ban g , see Bam bus a vulg aris .Sinawa , see San sev ie ria zeyla n ica.S in do ra in er mis :Des cription an d d istribution , i i , 38.Fig ure, ii, 37.

Loc al n am es, 1 1 , 38.

Kayu-g alu o il , 1 1 , 38.

Perfum e o il , ii, 38.

Sindo ra supaDes cription and distribution , ii , 40.F ig ure, ii, 39.

Local n am es, 11 , 38.

Supa o il, ii , 40.

Uses , 1 1 , 38.

Sing itan , see Sida rh om bifolia .Singkamas , see Pachyrrh izus ero sus .

Singkam as o i]

Pach yrrh izus er o sus ,1 1 , 110.

Siniguelas , s ee Spon dias p urpu rea.Sin in -aba, see A locasia m acrorrh iza.Sinkam as, see Pachyrrh izus ero sus .

Sink illadas , see Pseud eran th em um pul ch ellum .

Sin sau-sin sauan , see Cis sam pelo s pareira.Sin sud, see Sin do ra inerm is .

Sintug ,see B reyn ia rh am noides .

Sin u tan ,see Sida rh om bifolia .

Sipit-kabig , see Leea'

aculeata.Sip it—olan g , see Sm ilax bracteata .

Sipit-ulan g , see Ma lach ra capitata.~Sipon ,

see Soph ora tom en tosa.Sirg u élas ,

see Spon dia s purpurea .Sirinate ,

see Av errh oa caram bola .Siris iu,

see Ficu s ben jam ina .

Si sa l , see Ag av e sisalana .

Sisio h an ,see Euph orbia h irta.

Siv a, see Datura fas tuosa.Sl ippersAg ave can tula , i, 362 .

Areca catech u, i, 1 44 .

Corypha ela ta, i, 192 .

Cyperu s m al accen s is , i , 3 46.

Fim bristy lis diphylla, i , 348 .

Fim bristy lis g lobulo sa, i, 348.

Isch aem um an gus tifolium , i, 340.

INDEX 319

Slippers— Con tinued.Oryza sativa, i, 342 .

Pan danus sim plex, i, 336.

Rhyn ch ospora corym bosa, i, 352 . i'

Typha an g ustifolia , i , 330.

Sm il ax bracteataDistribution , iii, 175.

Loc al n am es , iii, 175.

Medicin al, iii, 175.Sm ilax ch inaDis tribution iii 175.

Lo cal n am es iii , 175.

Medicin al, 1 11 , 175.

Sm ilax leucophyllaDistribution , iii, 175.

Local n am es , iii , 175.Medicinal, iii, 175.

Sm udg e :Ag ath is alba, ii, 20 .

Soap :Ag ath is alba, i i , 2 0 .

A leu rites m o luc can a , ii, 126 .

Arach is hypogaea , ii, 1 09.

Calophy llum in Op h yllum , ii, 158.

Ceiba pen tan dra, ii, 150 , 1 52 .

Ch is o ch eto n cum i n g ian us , ii, 1 1 8 .

Coco s n ucifera, 11 , 93 .

E laeis gu in een s is , ii, 1 03.

Gan o p hyllum fal catum , ii, 1 48.

Isoptera bo rn eens i s , iii, 1 60 .

Jatroph a curcas,1 1 , 1 40 .

Pan g ium edule, ii. 1 6 1 .

Pong am ia p in n ata, ii, 1 1 1 .

Ricinus com m un is, ii, 1 43 .

Sesam um orien tale, i i , 1 68 .

Sh orea balan g eran , ii, 1 60.

Soa p substitu tes, iii, 49.

So bo so b , see Blum ea balsam ifera .Solan aceae :

Dyes , ii, 404.

Food plan ts , ii, 373.

Medic inal plan ts , iii, 72 , 2 34 .

Tobacco substitutes , iii, 96.Solanum cum ing ii :

Description and distribution , ii 374.'

i


Foo d, ii, 374.


Solanum in aequ ila terale :

Description , iii, 96.

Loc al nam es , iii, 96.Tobacco substitu te, iii, 96.

Solanum m elong en a :Distribution , iii , 235.

Loca l n am es , iii, 235.


Solan um n ig rumDes cription an d distribution , iii, 74.


Medicin al, iii, 74, 235.

So las i, see O cim um bas il ic um .

Solda-so lda , see Euph orbia tirucalli .So lso ldén g , see Euph orbia tiru call i.

Son chus oleraceusDescription and dis tribution , 1 1, 377.

Local n am e, ii, 377 .

Fo bd, ii , 377.

Sonn eratia alba :Description and distribution , i, 44 .

Figu re, i, 45.

Loc al n am es, i , 44.

Firewood , i , 44 .

Food , 11 , 352.

Vin eg ar, ii, 352.Son n eratia caseo laris

Description , i , 46.

Distribution , i, 22 , 46.

Figure, i , 47, 49.

Loca l nam es, i , 46.

Cu ltivation , i , 1 02 .

F irew ood , i , 1 12—116.

Forest ch arg e, 1, 125.

Stan ds, i, 86—100.

Tan n in , i , 120—124.

Tim ber, i, 46.

Sonn eratiaceaeFo od plan ts , 11 , 352.

Mang rov e swam ps, i, 44 .

Soph ora tom en tosaDistribution , 1 1 1 , 192.

Lo cal n am es , 11 1 , 192 .

Medic inal , 1 11 , 192.

Sorog -sorog , see Euph orbia n eriifo lia .

Soro-soro , see Euph orbia h irta.Sorosoro, see Euph orbia n eriifo lia .

So ro s é ro , see Euph o rbia tiru calli .Sosong—dalag a , see Grewia s tylo carp a .

So s uéldo , see Euph o rbia tiru calli.

So su érdo ,see Euph orbia tirucal li .

Sétis , see Bixa orel lan a .Spath iphyllum comm utatumDes cription , 11 , 256.

Food, ii, 256.

Sp a tho g lo ttis plicataDes cription an d distribution ,

Figu re, 1 11 , 39.

Local n am es , 11 1 , 40 .

Orn am en ta l, i i i , 40;

Spear sh aftsL ivi sto n a coch in ch inen sis , i , 2 1 6 .

Liv is tona rotun difolia, i , 216.

On c o sp erm a filam en to sum ,i, 3 6 , 2 32 .

Pin ang a spp . , i, 236.

Sp haeran thus.

afri canusDi stribution , 111 , 246.

Local n am es , 11 1 , 246.

Medicinal , 1 1 1 , 246.

Sph agn aceaeSp h ag num , iii , 92.

Sph ag num :

Sph agnum spp . , 111 , 92.

Sph ag n um sppD istribution , i i i ,U ses , iii, 92.

Spice :Zin g iber o fi‘icinale , 1 1 , 184.

320 INDEX

Spilan th es acm ella

Distribution , iii, 246.


Medicin al, iii, 246.Spiny bamboo , see Bam busa spin osa.Spondias pinn ataDescription and distribution , ii, 322.

Figure, ii, 324.Loc al n am es, 11 , 322.

Fo o d, ii, 322 .

Spon dias purpureaDi stribution , iii 202 .

Local n am es , 111 , 202.

Medicinal , i ii, 202.

Sponge gourd, see Lufia cy lindrica.Sporobolus elon g atusDescription and distribution , 1, 344.

Local nam es , i , 344.

Fiber, i, 344.

Sp o robolus in dicusDescription and distribution , i, 346.

Hats, i, 346.Stag-h orn fern , see Platycerium biform e . .

StarchAren g a pin n ata, i, 150.

Ca/ryota spp . , i , 1 82 .

Coryph a elata, i , 192 .

Metroxy lon sag u, i, 220.Sten och laen a palustrisDescription and distribution , i, 326.

Figure , i, 324.

Local nam es , i, 323.

Fiber, i, 323.Fo od, i , 326.

Steph an ia japon icaDistribution , iii, 186.

Local n am es, iii, 186.

Medicin al , iii, 186.Stercu liaceaeDyes , ii, 399.

Fiber plan ts , i , 395.

Food plan ts , ii, 336.

Man g rov e swam ps , 1 , 42.

Med icin al plan ts , 1 11 , 2 1 0 .

Oils, ii, 154.

Poison ou s plan ts , iii, 80.

Sterculia crassiram ea

Description and distribution , 1, 400.

Local nam es , i, 400.

Rope, i , 400.Ten sile stren g th , i , 321 .

Sterculia cun eataDescription and dis tribu tion , i , 400.

Loc al n am es , i, 400.

Rope, i, 400.

Sterculia foetidaDescription and d istribution , i , 401 ; 1 1 , 156.

Figures , ii , 153, 155.

Loca l n am es , i, 401 ; i i , 154.

Com po s ition of seeds , 11 , 154.

Food, 1 1 , 336.

Kalum pan g , o il , 1 1 , 156.

Medic in al , iii, 211 .

Rope, i, 401 .


Stercu lia luz o n ica

Description an d distribution , i , 401.

Loc al nam es , i, 401 .

Rope, i, 401.Sterculia, ob lon g ataDescription and distribution , i, 402 ; n ,

336.

Fig ure, 1 1 , 337.

Local n am es , i , 4 01 ; n , 336.

Foo d , 1 1, 336.

Rope, i , 401 .

Ten sile stren g th , i , 321 .

Stercu lia ph ilippin en sisDescription and distribution , i , 402.


Rope , i , 402.

Sterculia, stipularisDescription and distribution , i, 402.


Rope,i , 402.

Ten sile stren g th , i, 321 .

St . Ignatius b ean , see Strychn os igua tu .

Stin g in g crysta lsAren g a, pinnata, i, 150.

Streblus asperDes cription and distribution , in , 51 .

Loca l n am es , iii, 51 .

Medicin al , 1 11 , 182 .

Sandpaper substitute , i i i, 51 .

Scourin g m aterial , iii, 51 .S trep to cau lo n baum i i


Local nam es , i , 408.

Fiber, i, 408.


Stroph an thus cum inguA rrow poison , iii, 81 .

Strych n os igna tii :Description an d dis tribution , i ii, 70.

Fig ure, 1 11 , 71 .

Local n am es 11 1 , 70.

Medicinal , m , 70, 221 .

Strychn os m u ltiflo ra

Desc riptio n and distribution , i, 406.

Lo cal n am es , i , 406.Fiber, i , 406 .

Medicin al , i ii, 221 .

Sua,see Citrus m axima .

Suar’

i‘

g i. see Citrus sp .

Sua’ see Triphas ia, trifoliata.

Subit, see Todda lia asiatica .

Subon -m am’ik ,see Piper retro fractum .

Sub o sub ,see Pterocaul on redo len s .

Sub sfiban ,see Polyg onum barbatum .

Sud sud,see Fim bristy li's g lo bulosa.

Sudsud,see Kyllin g a m o n o cep h al a .

Suelda con suelda , see Euph orbia, tiru calli.Sueldo c o n s uéldo ,

see Euph orbia, tiru calli .Su erdo —c o n suérdo ,

see Euph orbia tiru calli.Sug anda see Co leus am bo in icus .

Sug arAreng a, pinn ata, i, 150.

Coryph a, elata, i , 192.

Nipa frutica/n s , i , 222.

Sugar can e , see Sacch arum o fiicinwrum .

322 INDEX

Tag o m tag o m , see Pzth ec o lo bium su ba cu tum .

Tag ong -tag ong , see Indig ofera tin ctoria.Tag

’

pan , see'

Dip lo discus p am’

cu latus .

Tagpo , see Ardisia bo issieri.Tag pun g -pula, see Ardis ia, bo issieri.Tag ug h fig , see Celo sia arg en tea .

Tag ulina i, see Vern on ia cin erea .Tag u linas , see Em ilia son ch ifolia.Tagulinau , see Em il ia son ch ifo lia.Tag ulinau , see Psych otria m in do ren s is .

Tag um bau , see Jatroph a curcas.Tag ung tun g an , see P tero cym bium tin ctoriumTag urare , see Pith ecolobium subacutum .

Tag us tus , see Scaevola frutescen s .Tag utug an , see L itsea g lutin osa.Tah id-labuyo , see Dalberg ia cum ing ian a.Tah ig , see H o m alo m en a ph ilippin en sis.Taixi

'

garTg-babui , see Go n o caryum callerya»

n um .

'

I‘a irTg an g -dag a , see Auricularia spp .

Ta iffg ang—dag a, see Oxalis repen s .Tain g -as o , see Morin da c itrifo lia .

Tairas, see Euph orbia h irta.Taisan , see Ficus m in ahassae .

Taitai , see Paederia foetida .Ta iwanak , see Bam bus a vulg ar is .Takad, see Rotala aquatica .Taka m ag indan au , see Corch orus ol itorius .Takam ain , see Blum ea balsam ifera.Ték im -baka , see Malvastrum c o ro m an delinum

Tak im -v aca , see Sida rh om bifolia .

Tak ing -baka, see Sida, acuta.

Takip -asin , see Melan olepis m u ltig lan du lo sa

Takip -k o h é l, see Cen te lla asiatica .

Takkim -baka see Sida acuta .

Takk it—vaca see Sida rhOm bifo lz’

a .

Tak lang -anak , see Garcin‘ia dulcis .'

l'

ak lang -an ak , see Garcin ia ven u losa .

Tak lang kuron g , see Jussiaea lin ifo lia .

Tak ling -baka, see Sida acuta .

Tak ling -vaca, see Sida rh om bifolia .

Tako, see Term in alia edulis .Tak o b téb , see Areca catechu .

Tak ok , see Calophy llum blan c o i .

Tak o lin e , R h ap h ido p h o ra m erm’

lln .

Takpo , see Psych otria luz o n ien s is .

Taktak , see Coryph a elata .

Takulau . see Ph aean thus ebrac teo latus .

Takulau blan co, see B om byc iden dro n v idalia1 mm .

Takumbau , see J atm p h a curcas .Takun g , see Ptero cym bium tinc torium .

Talah ib , see Miscan thus sin ens is .Talah ib, see Sacch arum sp o n tan eum .

Talakétak , see Castan opsis p h ilip p en sis .

Talakau , see He licteres h irsuta .

Talam bas i , see Cal l icarpa, fo rm osan a .

Ta lam p unai, see Datura fastuosa .Talam p i

’

m a i, see Ricinus comm un is .Talam p una i n a itim , see Datura fastuosa .

Talan g , see Diospyros d’tSCOlOT.

Talari‘

g i , see Curcu lig o o rch io ides .

I‘alan g kau, see Plum bago zeylan ica.

Talan talo g an , see Solan um inaequilaterale .

Talatabak o , see Sp h aeran thus africanus .

Talaun ur, see E urycles am bo in en s is .

Talbak , s ee Ko lo wra tia eleg an s .Talian g , see A locasia m acrorrh iza.Talian tan , see L eea man illensis .

Talibun o g , see Eh retia u aves ii.

Talik_—harap , see Mussaen da p h ilip p ica.

Talikn on o , see Buddleia asiatica.Talikfid, see Phyllan thus n iruri.Taliri

'

ga’an , see Pterosperm um diversifolium .

Ta lir’

fgaen , see Pterosperm um obliquum .

Taliri'

ganan , see Garu g a abilo .

Talin g taling , see Solanum cum ing i i .

Ta lip o p o , see Mim usop s parv ifolia.Ta lisai, see Term in alia calaman san ai.

Talisai , see Term in al ia, catap p a.

Talisai, see Term inalia edulis .Tal isi, see Term in alia ca tap p a .

Talis o ch o , see P lum iera acum inata.Taliu, see Pittosporum p en tandrum .

Taliunud, see E urycles am bo in en sis .

Tél o , see W ikstroem ia in dica .Ta lo b-alok , see Fag raea racem osa .Talo k to k , see Kleinh o v ia h osp ita.Talo lon g , see Qu isquaZis indica .Talc -m agalau , see Mim osa pudica.Ta long , see Solan um m e lon g en a.Ta long -punai na itim , see Datura, fastuosa.Talo ng taléfi

‘

gan , see Sola num cum in g ii .T a lé san , see H electeres h irsuta .

Talo to , see P tero cym bium tin ctorium .

Taltallikud, see Phy llan thus n iruri .

Talu-an g , see Sp ath o g lo ttis plicata.Talum p apait, see Clerodendron cum in g ianum .

Talumpapat , see Cleroden dron cum in g ianum .

Talur’

fgta lufi'

g an , see Solanum cum in g ii.

Talu-ta lu, see Dip lo discu s pan iculatus .Taluto , see Ptero cym bium tin ctorium .

Taluto , see Sterculia luz o n ica .

Tam ah ilan , see Curcum a zedoaria.Tam anag , see Klein h o via h ospita.Tamarind , see Tam arin dus in dica.Tam arind-seed o il :

Tam arin dus indica, u , 112.

Tam arin dus indica :Des cription and distribution , i i

, 294.

Figure, 1 1 , 297.

Local n am es, 1 1, 294 .

Bleach ing ag en t, i i, 396.Food , 1 1 , 294 .


Tam arin d-seed o il, 1 1 , 112.

Tam auh an , see Lan s ium dubium .

Tam ayan , see Pavetta in dica .Tam ayuan , see Pyg eum p res lu .

Tam bak , see Costus sp ecio s us .

Tam bal , see E urycles am bo in en sis .

Tam balabas i, see Callicarpa erio c lo na .

Tambal éta , see Soph ora tom en tosa.Tam bal isa, see Cassia occiden talis .

Tamba lisa , see Cassia s o p h era.

Tam balisa , see Soph ora tom en tosa .Tam bal-tun‘g an , see A lston ia m acrophy lla.Tam b i, see Eug en ia m au a

'n quil.

Tam bilig isa , see Soph ora tom en tosa.Tam b is , see Eug en ia aquea .

I

INDEX

Tam bis, see Eug en ia calubcob .Tam bis, see Eug en ia mana'nana.

Tam bis-tam bis, see Ficus m in ahas sae .

Tamb é , see Ph ragm ites vulg aris.Tam bo bo n o t, see

,

Sterculia cun eata .

Tam bo -tam bo, see Cal oph yllum in o p hyllum .

Tam bo—tam bo , see Xyl o carp us g ranatum .

Tam b ii , see Ph ragm ites vulg ari s.Tam bu, see Thysan o lae '

na m axim a.Tambfilo k , see Ben‘in casa h ispida .Tam buy o g an , see Ficus m in ahassa e .

Tam ing -tam in g , see Dyso xylum decandrum .

Tam o , see : Curcum a zedoaria .Tam o h ilang , see Zin g iber zerum bet.Tam ok , see Pterosperm um n iveum .

Tam p inbanal, see Rh ap h ido p h o ra m errilli i .

Tam p in ita,. see Merrem ia uy

-mp haeifo lia .

Tam poi, see Eug en ia calubco b.

Tam poi, see Eug en ia xan th o p hylla .

Tam poi-g ubat, see Eug en ia xa fn th o p hyt'

la .

Tampui, see Eug en ia xan th o p hylla.

Tam p uti, see E ug en ia, calubcob.

Tan -ag , see Kle in h o v iaO

h o sp ita .

Tanak , see Kle in h o v ia h ospita .

Tan do’, see L o p h o p e ta lum toxicum .

Tang -ag , see Kleinh o v ia h ospita .

Taxfgal , see Ceriop s ro xburg liiana .

Taxfgal , see Ceriop s tag al.TarTgal, see Term inalia, edulis.Tan'

galan , see Brug uiera cy lin dri ca.Taff

'

gal-babae , see Bruguiera cylin drica .

Tari'

g él -la lak i, see Cerio ps 'tag al.Tangalo , see A ctiu o rhytis cal ap p aria.

Tarig é lo n , see Quisqualis indica.Tari g an-tafi‘g an , see Jatropha curcas .Tari

‘

gan-tan‘gan , see R icinus comm un is .

TarTg an tari‘

g an -tuba , see J a tm p ha cu rcas .

TarTgas , see Do lich andr o n e spath acea .Tang bo , see Ph ragm ites vulg aris .

Tan g g u lai, see A lp h ito n ia excelsa.

Tari'

ghal, see Ceriop s taga l .Tan g has , see Do lichandro n e spath acea.Tari

‘

g id, see Can an g ium odoratum .

Tar'

i'

g ilin g -bari'

g éhan , see Ag laia h arm siana.

Tari'

g isan -bag io, see Breyn ia rham n oides .Tan g it, see Can au g ium odoratum .

Tafi‘

g itan g , see A lston ia m acrophy lla .

Tan gk o i, see Ben incasa h ispida .

Tang k on g , see Ip o m o ea reptans .

Tangk iia, see Ben in casa h ispid a .Tang kfing , see Ipom o ea reptans .

Tang lad , see An dropog on citratus.Tan g le, see Prem na odorata.

Tan g lin , see Aden an th era in term edia .

Tang lo n , see Adenan th era i'h term edia .

Tani -610 11 , see Quisqualis in dica.TarTg us , see Eug en ia m anafn quit.

Tann inArdisia serrata

, iii, 95.

Areca catech u, i , 144.

Brug uiera p arvifio ra , i, 119— 124.

Brug uiera s exan g ula , i, 120—124.

Calophy llum inOp hyllum , iii. 94.

Can arium W o n icum, iii, 94.

Ceriops r o xburg h iana , i, 121— 124.

“

323

Tan n in —Con tinued .Ceriop s tag al, i, 119—124.Pinus in su laris, iii, 92.

Pith ecolo bium duice, iii, 93.

Rh izoph ora can delaria, 1 119—124.

Rh izoph ora m ucronata, 1 , 119—124.

Son n eratia alba, i, 44.

Son n eratia caseo laris , i, 120—124.

Wein inan n ia‘ luz o 'nen si s iii, 93.

Xy lo carp us g ra/natum , 1 , 120—124.

Xylo carp us m o luc cen sis , i, 120—124.

Tan obong , see Ph ragm ites vulg aris .Tan o g o , see Cleroden dron cum in g ian um .

Tan tandok , see Gynandrop sis g yn andra.Tan tandék rTg a dadakk o l, see Gynaudm p sis

g yn an dra.Tanual , see E urycles am bo in en sis .

Tanub o n g , see Ph ragm ites karka. ,

Tao da , see Peris tr o p h e biva lv is .

Taoda, see Peris tro p h e tin cto ria.Tao to, see Ptero cym bium tin cto rium .

Tap ia s in , see Co ldenia procum bens .

Tap inag , see Sterculia crassiram ea .

Tap ira, see Pin an g a spp .

Tap o lo r'

fg a , see Hibiscus rosa-sin en sis .

Tapulau ,see Cyath o calyx g lobosus .

Tapulau , see Pin us m erkusii.

Taraban g , see Ottelia alism o ides .

Tarabtab , see Capparis h orrida .Tarabtab , see Capparis m icra can tha .

Tarabtab-uak , see Capparis h orrida.Tarabtab-uak , see Capparis m icraca/ntha .

Taramb é lo ,see Solan um cum in g ii.

Tarangkang , see .Sch efliera odorata.Tarap tap ,

see Capparis m icracan th a .

Taratakup is , see Abutilon in dicum .

Tarau ,see Liv iston a coch in ch in en sis .

Tarau,see Liviston a rotun difolia.

Taro i,see Grew ia m u ltiflw a .

Taro kan g an ,see Hibis cus rosa-sin en sis .

Taro k to k ,see Bom bax ceiba.

Taron g ,see Solan um m elo n g en a.

Taro ri'

g atiri‘

g an ,see Decasp erm um fruticosum .

see Pterosperm um obliquum .

Tarre-tarre,see B lech um bro wn ei .

Tartarao k ,see Quam oclit p in n ata .

Tartarao k ,see Quis qualis in dica .

Taruntum ,see Lum n itzera littorea .

Tata, see Nipa fru ticau s .

Tata , see Nipa frutico u s .Tatag té g , see Trema orien talis .Tataluar

’

i‘

g i, see Curcu lig o o rch io ides .

Taua , see F lag ellaria in dica.Taua-taua , see Euph orbia h irta .

Taua-taua , see J a tm p ha, curcas .Taua—taua , see Mussaend a p h ilip p ica .

Tauaua ,see Euph orbia hirta .

Tauen -tau én , see Aristoloch ia tag ala.Tau rafi

‘

g an , see Hibiscus rosa-sin ensis.Tautu

,see P tero cym bium tin ctorium .

Tau-ué , see Jatroph a curcas.Tau-na-tau -ua, see Ricinus co inm um

'

s .

Tawalis , s ee Osbo rn ia o cto do n ta .

Tayakp o k , see Litsea g lutin osa .Tayam ,

see Desm odium h etem carp um .

324 INDEX

Taya-taya , see Term in alia edulis .Tayo k o n , see Aeg iceras corn icul atum .

Tayok-ta yok , see Fim bris tylis diph ylla.Tayok-tayok , see F im bristy lis g lobulosa .Tayo m -tayo m , see Decasp erm um fruticosum .

Tayon , see In digofera sufi’ru tico sa .

Tayum , see In dig ofera sufiru tico sa .

Tayum , see In dig ofera tin ctoria.Tayung , see In dig ofera sufi

'

ru tico sa.

Tayung-tayun‘gan , see In dig ofera tin ctoria .Teak , see Tec tan a g ran dis .Teca , see Tectona g ran dis .Tecton a g randis :D istribution , iii, 231 .


Medic in al, iii, 231 .

Teka , see Fag raea coch in ch in en sis .Teka-téka , see Sap in dus saponaria.Tek is ték is , see Sapin dus sapon aria .

Tek iu , see Pith ecolobium su bacutum .

Telo sm a p r o cum ben s :Description and distribution , 11 , 372.


Food , i i, 372 .

Temp le flower, see Plum ie ra acum in ata .

Ten g ah , see Ceriops spp .

Teng ar, see Ceriop s spp .

Ten ten edo r, see Quamo c lit p inn ata .Teren tum , see Lum n itzera, littorea .Term in alia calam a nsan ai

D istribution , iii, 215.


Med icinal , iii, 215.

Term in al ia ca tap p a :

Description an d dis tribution , ii, 166.

Figure, ii, 163.


Dye , ii 402 .

Food , 11 , 352 .

Indian alm ond o il, ii, 164.

Medic in al, iii, 215.

Term inalia, com in tan a

Distribution , iii, 216.


Medic inal , iii , 216.

Term in alia edulisDescription and d istribution , 11 , 354.

Figu re , ii, 353 .

Loc al n am es , ii, 354.

Foo d , 11 , 354.

Medicinal , iii , 216.

Tern ate, see Graptophy llum pictum .

Tern stroem ia toquian :

F ish poison , iii, 80.

Te tra cera scan densDescription and distribution , iii,

Local n am es , iii, 59.

Sec u r in g m aten al, iii. 59.

Tetrastigm a h arm an di i :

Description and distribution , ii , 330.

Local n am es , ii , 330.

Food . ii , 330 .

Med icinal , iii . 207 .

Tetras tigma lo keriDescription and distribution , ii, 330

Local nam e, 11 , 330.

Food , 11 , 330.

Tewanak , see Bam busa vulg aris .Tew un g , see F lag ellaria in dica .Thatch in g m aterial :An dropog on zizan ioides, i, 338 ; 1 1 , [ 77 .

Aren g a, p in n ata , i, 150.

Cocos n ucifera, i, 184.

Cor ypha elata, i, 192.Im perata exaltata

, i , 340.

Liv istona coch in ch in en sis , i, 216.

L iv iston a rotun difolia, i, 216.

Metroxylon sagu , i, 220.

Nipa fr u ticans , i, 222.

Th eaceae :Poison ous plan ts , 1 1 1 , 80.

Th eobrom a cacaoD istribution , 1 11 , 211 .

Med ic in al , 1 11 , 211 .

Th espesia lam p as :Description and distribution , i , 391 .

Lo cal nam es, i, 391 .

Dye , 11 , 399.

Rope, i, 391 .

Ten s ile s tren g th , i, 321 .

Th espes ia populn ea :Distribution , 1 11 , 210.

Lo cal n am es , 1 11 , 210.

Med icinal , iii, 210.

Th ev etia peruvian a :D istribution , 1 11, 224.

Lo cal n am e, 1 1 1, 224.

Medicinal , 1 11 224.

Th ririax arg en teaRecen tly in troduced palm , i , 243.

Th ri'n ax p arv ifolia :Recen tly in troduced palm , i , 243.

Th rin ax robustaRecen tly in troduced palm , i, 243.

Th ym e lae aceaeFiber plan ts , i, 403.


Paper, i , 421 .

Th ysan o laen a maxim a :Description and dis tribution , i, 346.

Fig ure , i, 347 .

Local n am es , i , 346.

Broom s, i, 346.

Tiagk ét , see Pith ecolobium su bacutum .

Tiao ra , see Per is tro p h e bivalvis .

Tiba1a10 n g , see Ben in casa h isp ida .

Tiban g an , see Pin an g a spp .

Tiban g lan , see Pin an g a spp.

Tiban g lan , see Strych n os m ul tiflo ra .

T ibatib , see Poth os Sp p .

T ibatib, see Rh ap h ido p h o ra m errilli i .

Tibi, see Ficus ben jam in a .T ibig , sec Kibata lia blan co i .

Tib ig i, see Xylo carp us m o luccen s is .

Tibul id, see Citrus Sp .

’

Tiburig au , see Ag laia g lom erata.'

Tibun‘

g au , see Ag laia h arm s ian a .

Tigahu i, see Pin an g a spp .

326 INDEX

Tran sm ission bel tsAch ras sapota , 11 , 74.

Tree fern trunks :Cyath ea spp . , iii, 96.

Trema orientalisDescription and distribution , i , 366 .

Local n am es, i , 366.

Fiber, i, 366.

Ten s ile s tren g th , i , 321 .

Trem e llaceaeEdible fun g i, iii 114.

Trem e lla fo liaceaeEdible fun g i, iii 116.

Trem ella fucifOrm i s

Description , 111 , 114.

Edible fung i, iii, 114.

Tres m oras, see An dropogon zizan ioides .Tres pun to s , see Mela no lep is m ultig landulo sa .

Tr ian th ema portulac as t‘rumDescription and distribution , 1 1 , 276.

Local nam e, 11 , 276.

Fo od , 11 . 276.

Trich o desma in dicumDistr ibution , iii, 228.


Trich o desm a zeylan icum

D istr ibution , iii, 228.


Medic in al , iii, 228.

Tricholoma tenu isEdible fun g i, iii, 138.

Trich osa'n th es qu in quan gul ataDistribution , iii , 242.

Local nam es , ii i, 242.

Medicin al , iii , 242.Triph asia trifoliata :Description and distribution , 11 , 300.

Lo cal n am es , ii , 300.

Fo od , 11 , 300.

Tr is tellate ia aus tralas iae

Distribution , i , 24.

Trium fe tta bartram iaDescription and distribution , i, 386.

Local n am es , i , 386.Dim en sion s of bast fibers , i, 322.

Fiber, i , 386.


Tro e nto em , see Aeg iceras corn iculatum .

Trom pa-elefan te , see Heliotropium in dicum .

Tro m p alip an te , see Heliotropium indicum .

Tro m p alipan ti, see Rotala aqua tica.Troug h s

Liv iston a cochin ch in ens is, i , 216.

Liv iston a rotun difolia, i , 216Tsan g -bato , see Co n so ara difiu sa .

Tua—an , see Kiug io dendro n altern ifolium .

Tuan io , see Osbo rn ia o cto do n ta .

Tuaw is , see Osbo rn ia o cto do n ta .

Tuba, see Barring ton ia acu tan g u la .

Tuba , see Croton tig lium .

Tuba . see Jatroph a curcas.Tubai-basi, see Callicarpa form osan a .

Tfibang -bak o d , see Jatr o ph a curcas.Tuban g -dalag , see Callicarpa form osan a .

Tuban g -m aka isa, see Croton tig lium .

Tuba-tuba, see Croton tig lium .

Tuba-tuba , see Jatroph a cu'rcas.Tuba-tuba, see Th espesia populn ea .

Tuberose , see Polian th es tuberosa.I‘ub ju s , see Litsea g lutin osa.Tubli, see Croton tig lium .

Tubo-bato , see Hym en o dictyo u ex celsum .

Tubol-tubo l, see Typh a an gustifolia.Tub ong-usa , see Costus sp ec io su s .

Tué, see Do lich andr o n e spath acea.Tug abi, see Gan o p hyllum falcatum .

Tug as -tug as , see Rubus framin ifo liu s .

Tugbak , see Ko lo wra tia elegan s .Tug i, see Dioscorea escul en ta.Tug isak , see S cyp h ip h o ra hydro p hyllacea .

Tug i-tug ian , see Peri cam p ylu s g laucus.Tugnang , see Buddleia as iatica .Tugtug i, see Astilbe ph ilipp in en sis .Tug tu g in , see Can arium luz o n icum .

Tug up , see Artocarpus elastica .

Tubod-m an uk , see Justicia g en da/russa.Tu i , see Do lich an dro n e spath acea.Tuka , see Phaler ia cum in g ii.

Tuka , see Phaleria p err o ttetian a .

Tuka , see W ikstroem ia lan ceolata .Tukal , s ee A rdisia bo issieri .

Tukod , see He lm in th ostachys zeyla/nica.Tukod-ban uwa, see Helm in th o stachys zey la n ica.Tukud-lar

'

fg it , see Am orph op hallus cam p anu

latus.Tukud-lan g it, see Sem ecarpus gig an tifo lia .

Tu l-anan , see Eug en ia a h ern iana .

Tul-an an , see Lan sium dubium ,

Tulan g -m anuk , see Ps euderan th em um p u lch el

lum .

Tuliau , see Ficus h au ili .Tulo, see Al p hito n ia excelsa.Tultulisan , see Eclipta alba .

Tum atanud, see Helm in th ostachys zeylani ca.Tumbo ng -aso, see Morin da citrifo lia .

Tum b o n g -aso , see Zin g iber zerum bet.Tumb o su t, see Leea m an illensis .

Tum o lubo , see Artocarpus rubrO've'n ia .

Tum u , see Brugu iera con jug ata an d Bruguieras exan g u la .

Tun duk -tundukan , see Aeg iceras corn icula tum '

.

Turi'

ga , see Pyg eum p reslii.

Tungkut-lan'

g it , see Helm in th ostachys zey lan ica.Tun‘go , see Diosco rea esculen ta.

Turi'

g o d, see Ceriops tag al .Tufi

'

go g , see Ceriop s tagal .Tung o il

A leurites fordii , 11 , 120.

Aleurites m o u tan a ,

‘

ii, 120.

Tur‘fg fid, see Ceri ops tag al .

Tun‘

g ug , see Ceriops ro xburg h ian a .

Turi'

g ung , see Ceriops r o xburg h iana .

Tu éi, see Eug en ia calubcob.

Turkey-red oilsRicin us comm un is , 1 1 , 143.

Turm eric , see Curcum a lon g a.Turpen tin ePinus in sularis, 1 1 , 30.

Pin us m erku sii, i1 , 34.

Turutalik o d, see Phyllan thus n iruri .Tuwi, see Do lichandro n e spathacea.Ty loph ora brevipesDistribution , iii, 224 .



Ty loph or a p erro ttetianaDistribution , iii, 225.

Loc al nam es iii, 225.

Medicinal , iii 225.

Typh a an gustifolia :Description an d distribution , i, 330

Figure, i, 331 .

Lo cal nam es , i, 330.Fiber , i, 330.

Medicinal , iii, 169.Typh aceae


Typ h o n ium divaricaturm

Local n am e, iii, 174.

Medicin al , iii, ,174.

U

Uaz , see F lag ellaria indica:Uai ti uak , see Fldg ellai'ia in dica .Uakak , see Ich ’n 0 carp u s o vatifo liu s .

Uakatan , see A lp h ito n ia exce lsa.Ua katan, see R h izop h ora can de laria.Ual is, see Le p ido p etalum p erro ttetii .

Ual is-u alisan , see Sida acuta.Ualis-ualisan , see Sida rh om bifolia .

~

Uan i, see Mang ifera -o dOrata .

U arat-uarat , see Potho s spp.

thi s , see Guioa koelreuteria »175 8 , see Harpullia arborea. "Uas , see L ep ido p etalump erro tteti i

Uatitik , see Co lu brixna asiatica .

Uaualis in , see Sida acuta .Ubag , see Diosco rea lu zo u eu s is.

Uban -uban , see Lan s ium dubium .

’

Ubién , see Artocarpus cum in g iana .

Ubién , see Arto carpus ru bro vefn idu "

Ubi-ubih an, see Sm ilax ch in a .Ub o g , see Dio scorea '

diiaricata .

U‘

é n a g ayan g . see Fla g ellaria in dica.Ug inai, see Andropog on h alepen sis."

ag ing , see Crato xylo n blan co i.

Ug ing an , see Crato xylo n bian cai.n o i, see Bauh in ia cum ingian a.U g sang , see Licuala sp in osa.Ubang o , see Pan da/nus tectorius .U lafi

‘

g ia, see Abrus precato riu s .

U las , see Guio a'

ko elreuteria .

Ulas im an , see Portulaca oleracea.Ulasiman-éso , see Baco pa m o n n iera.

U las im an -aso , see Olden ladia -c0 1 ym bo sa .

'

Ulayan , see Castano psis p h ilip p ensis .

Ulayan , see Eupho ria didyma .Ulayan , see Mim usops parv ifolia.( 1 1i, see Ag ath is a lbaf

INDEX

U lisuman'

, see'

Tr'

iwn th ema portulacastrum .

Ul iuan , see Cinn am omum m ercado i .

Ulm aceae :Fiber plan ts , i. 366.

0

fig

327

Um belliferaeMedicinal plan ts , _ 1 11 , 69,

Um p ig , see Bauh inia c u'm ing iaf

n a .

Um p ik , see Bauh in ia cum in g iana .Um u-um , see Ch loran thus b rachys tachy s .

Un au , see Aren g a pin n ata .Umg an g , see Plecto comxia clm eri .

UrTg é , see Elae ocarpus ca lo m ala .

Un ip , see Pith ecolobium subacutum .

Uég , see F lag ellaria in dica.( 70 s , see Sterculia oblong ata.fi p ak ; see

U

Stercul ia cun eata.Upas-tree , see An tiaris to xicaria .

U p lin g , see Bauh in ia cum in g ian a.U p lin g g ubat, see Ficus ulm ifolia .

Up o , see Lag en aria leucan th a.U p o p i, see Cyperus radiatus.U p p las , see Ficus u lm ifo liafUrai, see Am aran thus Sp in osus .

,

Uraro i , see Pan icum s tagn inum .

Uratan , see Go n o caryum calleryanum .

Urceo la im berbis

Descrip tio n'

and' distribution , i , 407.

Local nam es , ~i , 407.

Fiber, i, 407.

Uren a lobataDescription"

and distributio n ,

'

i, 392.

Fig ure, i, 393.


Dim en sion s of bast fibers , i , 322.

Fiber , i', 392.

Medicinal, iii , 210.

Tens ile stren g th , i, 321 .

UrticaceaeFibe r plan ts, . 373.Foo d plan ts , 11 , 270.

Med icin al plan ts , iii.

Urung , see Fag raea coch in ch in ensis .

Usau , see Euphoria didym a.Usau , see Neph e lium ‘lap p aceumv

Usiu , see Sch iz o stachyum dielsianum .

U siu ,see Sch iz o s tachyum difiusum .

Uvaria purpureaDescr iption and distribution , ii, 280

Foo d, ii , 280. 1

U'v aria rufaDe scription an d distribution , 11 , 280.

Figure, ii , 281 .

Local n am es , i i, 280.

Foo d , 1 1 , 280.

Uvaria so rzo g o n en sisDescription and distribution , 1 1 , 282.


Food, ii, 282.

Uwas , see Guioa koelreuteria .Uyari

'

g o ,see Pand anus radican s .

Vaccin ium .m yrto ides

Descrip tio n‘

and distribution , 11 , 362 .

Figure, 11 , 365.

Local n am e , ii, 362.

Food, ii , 362.

Vaccin ium wh itfo rdi i

Descrip tion and distribu tion , ii, 862 .

Loca l names , ii, 362.

Food , 11 , 362 .

328

Vallisn eria g ig an teaDescription and distribution , 11 , 248.

Local nam es , ii,Food, 1 1, 248.

Va lo, see Th espesia populn ea .Vanda lam ellata :Description and distribution , iii, 40.

Figure, iii, 41 .

Ornam en ta l , iii, 40.Vamda sanderiana

Description and distribution , iii, 40.

Fig ure, iii, 42, 43.

Ornam en ta l , iii, 40.

Van dap sis lis s o ch ilo ides

Desc r1p tio n and distribution , iii, 40.

Figure, 111, 44.

Ornam en ta l , iii, 40.

Van i lla ovalis :Distribution , i, 366.

Fiber, i, 366.

Van o verberg h ia sep u lchrei

Description and dis tribution , ii, 260.

Food ii, 259.

Varn ishAg ath is alba, 1 1 , 20, 22, 26.

A leurites m o lu ccan a ii 126.

A leurites triszi erm a,ii 134.

An isoptera thurifera , 1 1 , 52.

Calophy llum inOp hyllum , ii, 159.

Can arium luz o n icum , ii, 42, 44.

Dipterocarpus g randiflo rus ; ii, 54.Dipterocarpus v ern icifluu s , 1 1 . 62 .

S indo ra in erm is , 11 , 38.

Sin do ra supa,1 1 , 38.

Tam arin dus i’n dica 11 , 112 .

Vatica man g achap o i

Resin , ii, 52 .

Ven tilag o dich otom aD istribution , iii, 205.

Local n am es iii, 205.Medicinal, 1 11 , 205.

Verben aceaeFood plan ts , 11, 373.

Man g rov e swam ps, 1 , 80.

Med ic inal plan ts , 1 1 1 , 2 28 .

Oils, ii. 216.

Poison ous plan ts, iii, 81 .

Verm ifug eAreca catechu, i, 1 44 .

Vernon ia cin ereaD istribution , iii, 246.



Vetiver, see An dropog on zizan ioides.Vetiver o ilAndropog on zizan ioides, 1 1, 177.

V ibres , see Guioa koelreuteria .

Vin eg arAren g a pin nata, i, 150.

Cocos n ucifera, i, 184.

Coryph a elata, i, 192Nipa fru tican s, i , 222.

INDEX

i'

i

i'

i

VitaceaeFiber p lan ts , 1, 379.

Food plan ts , 11 , 328.

Medic ina l plan ts , iii, 2 06 .

V ita li, see Pterocarpus spp .

Vitex n eg undoD istribution , 111 232.

L o c al n am es, 1 11 , 232 .

Lye , i, 154 .

Medicinal , 1 1i, 232.

Vitex trifoliaD istribu tion , 111 232.

Local nam es 1 11 , 232.

Medicin al , 1 11 232.

Vo acang a g lobosaFish poison , iii, 81.

Vo dadin , see Leca m an illen s is .

Vo iav o i, see Ph oen ix han ceana.

Volvaria esculen ta :Description , iii, 126.

Distribution , 1 11 , 126.

Fig ure , iii, 128, 129, 131 .

Edible fun g i, iii, 126.

Volvaria pruin osaEdible fungi , 1 11 , 130.

Vuté lau , see Calo phy llum in Op hyllum .

W

W a lin g -walin g , see Aeride s qu in quevulnerum .

W alk ing stick sCale/mus spp . , i, 158 .

Daem o n o ro p s spp . , i, 158 .

Ko r th als ia spp . , i, 2 12 .

Liv is tona rotun difolia, i , 2 16 .

Pin an g a spp i, 236.

Walth eria am ericanaDi stribution , iii, 212 .


Medicin al , iii , 212.

W an'

g o , see Pan danus radicans .

W ater ( drink in g ) :Calam us spp . , i, 158

W ater pipesLiv istona coch in ch in en sis, i, 2 16 .

Liv is ton a rotun difolia , i, 2 1 6 .

W ax , sealin g :

Ag ath is alba, 11 , 20.

W axg o urd, see B en in casa h ispida.Wedelia biflo ra

Distribution , i1i, 246.

Local nam es , 1 11 , 246.

Medicinal, 1 1 1 , 246.

Weinm ann ia luz o n ensisDescription and d istribution , i~1i, 93

Tann in , iii, 93.

Wikstroemia in dicaDescription and distribution , i, 404.


Fiber, i, 403.

Paper, 1, 421 .

W ikstroem ia lan ceolataDescription and distribution , 1, 404.


Fiber, i, 403.

Minor Products of Philippine Forests - Forgotten Books

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