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Men of Mark in MarylandV- L

Biographies of Leading Menin the State

VOLUME I

With an Introductory Chapter

on

Maryland: Proprietary Province and State

By BERNARD C. STEINER, Ph.D.

of Johns Hopkins University

Illustrated with Many Full Page Engravings

JOHNSON-WYNNE COMPANYWashington, D. C.

1907

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MEN OF MARK iN MARYLAND

1744285

MARYLANDPROPRIETARY PROVINCE AND STATE

BY

BERNARD C. STEINER, PH,D.

YLLON, a Spanish voyager of the sixteenth century, was per-

haps the first Caucasian to put foot upon Maryland soil. His

visit, therefore, made in the year 1526, marks the beginning

of the State's authentic history. Other Spaniards contemporary with

Ayllon may also have sailed into the waters of Maryland, but no

detailed exploration of theChesapeaRe was made, nor was an accurate

map or description of it published, until the time of that bold sol-

dier-adventurer, Captain John Smith. Only a short while after the

establishment of the English colony at Jamestown, Captain Smith

made two expeditions into the Bay, in the course of which he gained

a remarkably correct idea of its configuration and of the rivers flowing

into it. Smith’s expeditions were the forerunners of many others,

and in time a group of traders, like Captain Henry Fleet, opened

a lucrative fur trade with the aborigines, soon becoming familiar

with their languages and customs. Among these traders was a most

pertinacious man, MMIiam Claiborne, who held prominent place

among the Virginia settlers and established, in 1629, a fur-trading

post—like those of the Hudson’s Bay Company—on the east side

of Kent Island, near its southern extremity.

rWhile Claiborne, with the help of London merchants whowere his partners, was establishing himself on Kent Island, the

attention of Sir George Calvert, First Baron of Baltimore in the Irish

peerage, was drawn to the new country. He had been interested in

colonization projects for a number of years, having already received

the grant of the Province of Avalon in Newfoundland. But the

sterile soil and forbidding climate of his northern province induced

him to seek another grant further to the south and, in his quest, he

visited Virginia. Here the officers of government seem to have

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8 MARYLAND: PROPRIETARY PROVINCE AND STATE

suspected his designs and tendered him certain oaths, which being a

Roman Catholic, he could not take. Upon his refusal to take the

oaths, he was compelled lo leave the colony. Calvert returned to Eng-

land, and applied to the Crown for a grant: first, of the country to

the south of the Virginia settlements, and, when that was refused,

for a grant of the country around the Chesapeake Bay. This grant

was agreed on, but before the charter could pass the seals Calvert

died. His eldest son and heir was Cecil or Cecilius Calvert, namedfor the father’s patron, Cecil, the great Lord Burghley^ and to this

son the charter v/as issued in 1632 for a Province to be called Terra

Marine, or Maryland, in honor of the Queen of England, Henrietta

Maria.

This province was situated on the Atlantic seacoast, and the

State that has grown from it comprises some 12,000 square miles, of

which about a fourth is covered by the Chesapeake Bay and its

estuaries. The territory consists of a most varied country in its

geologic history, and in its climate. From the flat coastal plain

of the lower Eastern Shore to the lofty mountains of the extreme

west of the State, is found a great variety of soil and products.

The coastal plain rises into the Piedmont region and the western

counties are crossed by the parallel ranges of the Appalachian system.

The waters of the Bay teem with oysters, crabs and fish, and over

these waters fly large flocks of wild fowl. The same waters furnish

great highways of commerce for all the eastern part of the State.

Toward the west the land rises; good water power is found in the

streams, and the mountains abound in veins of coal and iron. Theclimate is neither so severe as in the New England States, nor so

enervating as in the far south.

A prudent, shrewd, and sagacious man, Cecil, Lord Baltimore, at

once prepared to send out a colony to settle this new Province, over

which he had been invested with the powers of a Count Palatine.

The first expedition, commanded by Leonard Calvert, the Lord

Proprietary’s brother, set out from England in the Ark and the

Dove, in November, 1633, and, after a long and tedious voyage,

landed on Maryland soil on March 25, 1634. Buying from the Pis-

cataway Indians one of their villages and clearings, the settlers

founded there the town of St. Mary’s. From the very first, difficulties

arose, which so continued that Cecil Calvert was never able to comeout to his Province, but spent his life in England guarding his charter

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P-

Maryland: proprietary province and state 9

privileges. The Virginians resented the curtailing of their territory

and the loss of the Northern fur trade. Claiborne was especially

enraged at finding his trading post under Baltimore’s jurisdiction, and

spent the rest of his life in a forty years’ ineffectual struggle to

resist the extension of the Proprietary’s power. He refused to recognize

P>altimore’s authority over Kent Island; his pinnace and Calvert’s

engaged in a petty naval conflict in the waters of Pocomoke Sound,

and Leonard Calvert and his men were unable to establish their

j)o\ver on the Eastern Shore, until Claiborne’s absence in England

and the defection of the man sent by his partners to command the

fort in his stead, left the opposing forces greatly weakened. Anexpedition, led by Calvert himself , surprised the fort by a night attack

in February, 163S. Meantime the organization of the Province had

gone on, the first Assembly met in February, 1635. and passed

wholesome laws and ordinances. ’’ and a second assembly met in 163S.

At first, these Assemblies were gatherings at which all freemen

might be present in person or by proxy; but, gradually, a system

sprang up, by which four representatives from each county, like the

four knights of the shire in England, constituted the lower or popular

house, while the upper house was composed of the large landholders of

the Province, appointees of the Proprietary, who also acted as the

Governor’s Council and as the Provincial Court. Among the leading

early councillors were Captain Thomas Cornwallis, Jerome Hawley,

John Lev/ger, and Giles Brent.

After the beginning of the English Civil Wars, a sea captain of

the Parliamentary party, named Richard Ingle, joined by Corn-

wallis, who was then disaffected toward the government, drove

Leonard Calvert from the Province, and an anarchic period followed

for something over a year. After this, Calvert returned from Vir-

ginia, whither he had fled, and reestablished his brother’s authority

but shortly afterward (1647) died. Thomas Greene was named by

the dying governor as his successor, and held that position until Wil-

liam Stone arrived in 1649, with a commission from the Proprietary

and a draft of an act for religious toleration. This act, somewhat

amended by the General Assembly, was passed in the same year.

Baltimore’s policy was, consistently, one of granting religious freedom

to all Christians, and, indeed. Jews also dwelt in the Province without

molestation. He was too wise and far-sighted to make the rash

attempt to establish the Roman Catliolic religion, which attempt

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would surely have cost him his charter: he was too true a memberof his church to allow the establishment of any other faith.

After the establishment of the Commonwealth, Richard Bennett,

a prominent Virginian Puritan, and Claiborne were appointed to

reduce Virginia to subjection. Maryland needed no subjection, for

Cecil Calvert was ever carefully loyal to England’s de facto ruler,

yet, by a subterfuge, the commissioners’ powers were extended to the

“ plantations within the Chesapeake; ” and they came to Maryland and

ordered the authorities to make writs run in the name of the Common-wealth, instead of in that of the Proprietor as, under the charter, they

had run before. Stone for a time, complied, but later restored the

old custom. ^Meantime a third party of settlers had come into the

Province: Puritans, who, had been driven from Virginia for religious

reasons, and settled under Baltimore’s protection on the West Shore

of the Bay, where they formed the newly-organized Anne Arundel

County. They resented the renewed recognition of the Proprietary’s

power, and a small civil war ensued. By the battle of the Severn

River in 1655, the forces of Governor Stone were routed and the Prov-

ince was thenceforth in the hands of Commissioners, who were

Puritans, until, by Cromwell’s orders, it was returned to Baltimore

in 1657.

Josias Fendall, the Proprietary’s first representative, proved un-

mindful of his master’s interests and was succeeded in 1660 by Philip

Calvert, Baltimore’s brother. The heir of the title, Charles Calvert,

became Baltimore’s representative in 1661. His administration

lasted fifteen years, until after he succeeded to the Proprietorship.

During this time, the planters began to feel the restrictions of the

British navigation acts; the cultivation of tobacco had supplanted

the fur trade, as the chief industry of the Province, and the freemen

had settled in scattered plantations along the banks of the various

rivers emptying into the Chesa})eake. There were no towns, and the

work on the plantations, to which the^ vessels came from year to

year to exchange English gootls for tobacco, was done largely by

indentured white servants from England.

There were few blacks in the State before the beginniniz: of the

eighteenth century, but afterward their importation came rapidly and

white field hands ceased to be found on the plantations. During

Charles Calvert's governorshi}) Maryland suiTered the first of several

spoliations of territcny, by the grant to the Duke of York from his

I-

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brother, the king, of the territory now comprised within the State of

Delaware. For the most part Maryland’s relations with the Indians

were peaceful, and her dealings with them just. Gradually the

tribes faded away, the Xanticokes,—the last of the aborigines,

—

passing northward through the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania

during the middle of the eighteenth century. Charles, Lord Balti-

more, ruled his Palatinate in person, from 1679 to 1684, and then

left the government in the hands of the Council. Though Baltimore

had not been in James's favor, still he was a Roman Catholic like the

king, and was suspected by the Protestant settlers. The foolish con-

duct of William Joseph, whom he .sent over as governor in 16SS, in

demanding oaths of allegiance and in delaying to acknowledge Wil-

liam and ^larv, precipitated a revolution. A number of Protestant

freemen, under the military leadership of a drunken and brawling fel-

low, John Coode. V. ho had formerly been a clergyman, overthrew the

Proprietary governnvent. The leaders, who seem to have used Coode

as a stalking horse, were Henry Jowles, Kenelrn Cheseldyne, Xinian

Beall, and Xehemiah Blackistone. They soon held a Convention of

the Freemen and asked the Crown to revoke the Charter and gov-

ern Maryland directly.

Although the Charter was not revoked by the Crown, nor was

Baltimore deprivetl of his lands or revenues, yet the government was

taken from him aiul 8ir Lionel Copley, a royal governor, was sent to

administer Maryland affairs. On Copley’s death. Sir Fidmund Andros,

Governor of Virginia, claimed the chief authority in ^laryland, but

was soon succeeded by Francis Xicholson, during whose administra-

tion the capital was changed from St. IMary’s to a town newly laid

out and called Annapolis; and there King William’s School, the hrst

permanent educational institution in the Province, was established.

About the time of Xicholson’s departure, Reverend ThomasBra^v, the Bishop of Loiulon’s commissary or representative, arrived

in the Province, and his administration, though lasting only a few

months, was signalized by the establishment of the first library

system in America. The Province had been divided into parishes

and the Anglican C'hurch established. Shortly after the Crown took

the government of Maryland. Bray placed a ])arochial library in every

parish and a Provincial Lending Library of 1095 volumes in the cap-

ital. This same pt riod of history was that of the establishment of

the first printing i>ress in the Province and the printing of the

IX 37/.T8 a/.f a^/avoii*! fiiKt:umQm

nldTi'tf v?<m vaoim^t s/Jt lo ,5niil sfli ,i^dô7€f

BrtJifLfpl 9iXt iXjIw atfoiJiAkfi ituq "#Hj lo'I .'mutni^jC

9(ti 'HlttiibinTX ,j«wi motil iltf'w «t5?<iiU‘ib har, .liAr^nnq

— »jfi )o c>«Af !<flj— otii 7ftv/a L»b/il tflifn)

iilitovi ni 79IU'/ ^movV/ f>ri) trjnt/djioa

-}Ho8 bioJ *jdj lo olbbte aifi ;aidiub

aixls l>fj£ oJ QTI}1 nui^ jtotv>q ai etid Win ,'jtinn

oiomhlnfi (iûodT AhfrafÔ jdt}o ebnnd ipifs tf'f uwmm'jY^^dj 0 *>I

f»d) 'ill ft/ifOoii ^ll»^ ^Jil Hiu /toVel ^‘iÛrnl ni joa l»«d

-MOi> (kf1oi>l silT //i goyr bm ,Riiri

111

*

III 'io;m7<^x wtbdv/^ io

m oX in tno' 07jn;i*t ‘rllr: ii^> ^J/iO -jrtibTf^H’ab

mjspôunî 'io tulftiiKi A JuVfjMlovr^ tVi/sK i>aii miul

-f(»1 jjo;|v/j#!il bih; a^rJmnb%^^qnim^h^ ‘ciiîjlifn i'i}>irjX\nstn‘ml

9*1j 7? Xid‘>v.’)7o iKiiOfxi vliarti'i''*! bi?iiTifV .ob<>o3 irdol 7/oI

^rbvK>0 b'v-î; ijpv/sd 0-f'i^ wlw ^dTn*ii;iiX /rib/is^ a &a

:;a•*7v0;g hna loJiadO 6dl sslovoi ^<lj bna i? ^dx

.xM>Jlih ImelnMU rtra

ta // ion eilt t<^ '&3ioYî Xoit aav; ighafrArjrf|x®'ii;gaorfXlA

'4iLj iteiai tid'h b^-/iiq^ diofoUIaH

ox^9«Vji7y <-idin'»v<>5 Irw a J fsiadT*] fabl /iicnJi aiwUl V :

jfiO il •n/'JiMinrfjil4Ci ^ d.^L g'-âlq^tl aO^ - -;inifrdb#

Xuci r.bnal Mdo Srfl W lOms^roO,

^/iTJatnimfoc 5>«5inlw jjiwtah <r.b«^)[

bi>d #//# aoii

jfeVli ydj dc>îV̂ 4 sfs/ij baa5w loll/;«nA bxiko buB Jwo

savi ad) iii Innoi3ii7X^ -a,»aBin*Bq

eaatdilT .rujj'taq&b eirnt^ srfl^ A'OîA

j>7yhtfi /jiBH8bi3if{07/*/;a<d:>aS ^d) ,v^tS

vn>*i a vjiio d;i4b*^d) a/fl haa edx nx

m

oîri Wbivlb Jioaci Wl ^/nii!*fr»A di â^XavB• >icî n mn"J odj v%^n t?3'uwi^

,adxJiiiB

•>VT7A Id 7 fi4n^lil i>^ ya rij ;ifeal'4tn^^ m •/r'>xaintyo|!wli

-<10 »>}!) ni r.Walov IMl 20 ^xndbl n liiiij ri>ihi^

lo^*n7iiid4^<|a^7iiy pomd Vi^boii*^ oam^jiiHT .laJi

Û!f/]ri’iT|, <)rtt bna nr a. Hrft adi df

12 Maryland: proprietary province and state

earliest pamphlets in 1700. Bray was not the only one especially

interested in Maryland’s religious welfare. In Somerset and Wor-cester counties Reverend Francis Makemie was founding Presbyterian

churches, w’hile George Fox and other Quaker preachers had been

laboring in the Province for a generation.

William Penn, who, in 1684, received a grant of a Province

lying immediately to the north of Maryland, acted with some un-

scrupulousness, in his desire to gain territory to the south. Heplaced his capital, Philadelphia, just south of the fortieth parallel of

latitude, where Maryland’s boundary rightfully lay, and even tried

to gain access to the Chesapeake. The struggle between the two

Proprietaries was a long one, and in 1732, Baltimore was induced to

agree to a surrender of the territory of the present State of Delaware

and that part of Pennsylvania lying between the parallels of 40° and39° 43', the present northern boundary of Maryland. The line thus

agreed on was surveyed with great accuracy by Charles Mason and

Jeremiah Dixon, between 1762 and 1767, and attained fame later

under their names, as the dividing line between free and slave States.

Charles, Lord Baltimore, died in 1715, and the government of the

Province was restored to his son, Benedict Leonard Calvert, who had

become a Protestant. He lived only a few months and was succeeded

by his son, Charles, the Fifth Lord Baltimore, a minor. At the time

of the restoration of the Province to the Proprietary, Captain John

Hart, an obstinate, but conscientious and able soldier, was governor,

and he continued in that post for a number of years. During his

administration, the Jacobite troubles in hhigland had their reflex

influence in Maryland in leading the Assembly to pass laws disfran-

chising the Roman Catholics. The legal profession had become

most influential and the Maryland bar had gained the high reputation

W’hich it has retained until the present day.

The town of Baltimore was laid out on the Patapsco in 1729.

Its fine harbor and its admirable situation, near the head of the Chesa-

peake Bay and close to the western couiitry, destined it to grow

rapidly as settlements pressed westward. The establishment of a

commercial town, (which has now grown until it contains half the

population and much more than half the wealth of the State,) was a

noteworthy event. About the same time began the immigration of

the Germans, who have been so potent a factor in Maryland. They

came directly to Baltimore, or through the valleys leading south-

* T,

STATa G/.A 307.1V0H*! Yfl/ T^lf(5iO?M :GXA.rfKAW

I

vIlAiooqiia orto xlirov-'rft Ionf®'?

nr

-lo'/t l>na }9«9mo^ nl "OTallw/ eiioîloa ‘fe-bnalytiit/. ni

nnn9*vtii»i'! l£^

no4H htfS sT5rfsB3i<j to<!1o buol-ô'il 9S70«V''li ,s^>wrfi>

.n<»irrian9;^ «' ni|ioho»i«I

mnWta*! li to tntfi|! «, f)9vi^wl nl , «(!!>'?’

-nu 9tn« ilHwifntM rfbon

aH .iliuo* fttJ'i.P'J Hlwg

lo lsiUiu<| ffifulwi 0(1) 5t) tiJij.oft;4-i(n .iSirt|!**h(4’^

Iwh) (rt’/o. bm: .viil'vJo'yyisij'Y.intr^^^^^^^ oio«f»-,9t«jJiiaf

ofl.j arf.1 ssiy>vrt'>d al0vrt'^ ff.%ol bifiobiii «n-(r ni &om»oiTq;rt^ ^

•nawflbd mofi-nq odtf Tjo * oi soijja *

oHj In b&Laflrft/ulp^fil• iirt* . , ’i'jtisrr' '• ^

liiiot xTi^Tcj#*-) vY 9d^ lo

ôatsyoii' F-^';,.«io:bI(^' n/i

Bid gnnwu hjjM^

xaftai liaf*!!

B^/rif! pi§i

-.^nnD^^d Md" ,^|‘‘

'^niilftr

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^

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v/cn^ to9Ailst»4* t^

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•jj-fcr/ff. 0d1 ’^<> ‘.jwwr.d]Hm biii*’

\o '''!!!

V9/IT’ ik7̂ . ,|V

1

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^.;’r

'

makyland: proprietaky province and state 13

westward from Pennsylvania, and settled on lands now included in

Carroll, Frederick, and Washington counties. Among them were

such men as Reverend Philip W. Otterbein, the founder of the United

Brethren Church; John Thomas Schley, the first schoolmaster in

Frederick; and Jonathan Hager, the founder of Hagerstown.

About the middle of the eighteenth century, after the guber-

natorial terms of Thomas Bladen, Samuel Ogle, and Benjamin

Tasker, Colonel Horatio Sharpe, was sent as governor, and con-

tinued from 1753 until displaced in 1769, to give a position to the

Proprietary's brother-in-law, Captain Robert Eden. During the whole

of Sharpe's administration, the Lord Proprietary was Frederick,

the last and worst of the Lords Baltimore, who succeeded his father

in 174S and died without legitimate issue in 1771, leaving the Prov-

ince to his illegitimate son, Flenry Harford. Sharpe was an upright,

soldierly gentleinan, who tried to be true to the interests of both Prov-

ince and Proprietary, but found his task most difficult with a grudg-

ing and quarrelsome Assembly, and an absentee landlord. The

French and Indian w'ar, the building of Fort Frederick and Fort

Cumberland, and the ill-fated expedition under General Braddock,

are the chief events associated with this period of Maryland's history.

In the latter part of Sharpe's governorship, the passage of the

Stamp Act marked the beginning of the long struggle which led to

America's independence. The Province rose as one man, the stamp

distributer \vas forced to resign, and delegates from Maryland partici-

pated in the proceedings of the Stamp Act Congress at Xew York.

'Though the Stamp Act was soon repealed, the English Parliament

stood firm in its claim of the right to tax the colonies, and—in the

midst of the turmoil—Eden came to Maryland. A man of attractive

personality, his influence and that of the conservative Maryland

people prevented the radical party from gaining power. The

Assembly had largely kept the administration of affairs in its ownhands, by passing temporary laws^ wdiose expiration demanded the

reassembling of the legislature and, especially, by limiting the dura-

tion of the fee bill, which fixed the legal fees wdth wdiich most pro-

vincial officials were paid. Such a bill expired in 1770, bu: the two

houses failed to agree upon a new one. Eden felt that some regula-

tion of fees must be made, and issued a proclamation forbidding any

officer from taking fees at any higher rate than that established by

the old bill. This was, of course, an implied license to take t'nem at

mf.j

"S

ar/TB ax>- 3 ;>>t{v<)Ha 5(«^TaT)mjra^;cf>iAjnr<iAi<’‘®

tr:.

ni won abnal no balJjos b^')faina-/lva/in»'J mor) brawiegw{na-w flI^nl3 jtiwinA .aaiSnwj nolgitiifes'ff |jn« ,rfai«[aim’3 ,!(otuOWin'll «fi if nabfiuot arfl .nixjaBJlO «* nam rfana

idanuO^.'TairfJsiSa' S- ^n-wcsmogjiH i<> Tarf’iwol ,9^ .iajuiH [w# {Art'mbv^•aedu^ rj) Mrtfl ,i^3uia<p 9iij iuodAaituftiafi^bnji^^Q *a9i)feW eca^dT toa=-inf* fahotaa-floa bas ,ioirw.os w, 4a® acw. âqt^S baoloO^' .TOdaaT

'

8c7l /noTt bsuaii 1- -j' -4

'; »fcsT'// Jo

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^04 ooai

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_ -^Q'^ b(&. 4»«»i|^'4..i'f!>^ io. bfl4 dojml W\,i9obbdT|t'*bSia;fi»|i,;a9b^:Bpj4b§^

imM ad4,,nl’ »

qtuatg

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rtjfuorfT'

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ati4 lo 4?itnijJ['*'

'{>ii4b4a43l^t93ri46‘^9|.g,a9-w |o j|a* iw'i«>i#fl.<ii «rf t'fjHsnoawq'

»d'T .-lawoq moti ^{4 ^^djlnpyawi olqooq

a<i4.,t>'»be«u3ab Boijjatiqxa vjw^ vasJCKjia yd .i^bnad

yd tyWniaaq^ li saitdrnsaaBOT

4i;*4iw:>!ttc) 9s^''9d4(te noi4 ?!©!'

0‘w|‘ 9xlt jud ftkb^vj'Xg- yid^îfa’iEl^ UiDniy**^"' bi^liMl efjfetjod

Xfm io }ioiS

OBoii wosJloa feaÛqmiVrtr^^ ô va^-yr^dT Jlid bfo sifj


the old rate, which the officers proceeded to do. Great excitement

followed, Eden’s action was denounced, and a war of newspaper

articles occurred, in which Charles Carroll of Carrollton, writing under

the signature, First Citizen, is the best remembered disputant on the

popular side, though William Paca, Thomas Johnson, and Samuel

Chase were also conspicuous. The argument for the governor’s

course was most ably stated by Daniel Dulany, under the pen nameof Antillon.

But these local conflicts lost importance, when the Continental

matters came to hold men’s interest. Sympathy with Massachusetts,

and a desire to present a united front against the arbitrary measures

of the ministry, led the Province to send delegates to the First Con-

tinental Congress in 1774. During Eden’s absence from Maryland,

the ship Peggy Stewart was burned at Annapolis in the autumnof that year, her owner being compelled to set fire to her, because she

had brought in a cargo of tea. The same year is marked by the

assembling of the first Convention of the Freemen, to be followed by

others, in which the non-importation agreement was adopted; an

executive committee, called the Council of State, appointed to sit

while the Convention was not in session; Committees of Observation

directed to be organized in each county; assent authorized to a Decla-

ration of Independence; and, finally, a complete new constitution for

the government of the State adopted to go into effect in 1777. Before

this, however, Maryland riflemen under Captain Thomas Price and

Captain Thomas Cresap were the first troops from the South to arrive

as a part of the Continental army which besieged Boston. In the

Continental Congress, on the nomination of Thomas Johnson, George

Washington had been selected to command that army. The few

independent companies of 1775 were superseded by the Flying Campof 1776, and this by the famous Maryland Line—not a short term

levy of militia, but a Continental force enlisted for three years, whose

veteran service was worth that of many times their number of raw

recruits.

Maryland had been slow to accede to Independence. On May21, 1776, the Provincial Convention still favored a “reunion with

Great Britain on constitutional principles” and a committee waited

upon Eden to ask him to remain as governor and continue the “ osten-

sible form of government,” until either a “reestablishment of the old

government, or a total separation” occurred. Eden could not accept

aTi^T^f AVti. ;(IKAJ’//!AMy

1 }

i

mi m 9«î9X0 »T0 > oi> oi h'>hd>9^mq !vr ,

fol</'

i9qiu|J6W^5fl In isi ft l^njv |bfWVTifOft(>h '^«v; rto^ll^va ^nol'H ,bsy/oliol

isbiVJ "Sti^h^yf ^noîloitîOlo ii< t*nrjg3 doidw lii

> njD JitJsnf^îb «r

bm rto«m(pi fijftrT}o>iî'^^r^M^ iftiiJqoq

a’TOin^Xro^ sdi lo't tji^*WJrg^ 0(l^ Balxô'ww ^=H?AriO

amnn rtsq" ofr?Tdbw.<y;»iMdi^^ %dMmIaiH«>f!Uf!oO mdi ^90r!i5<)inqmi iJsoi^^W

,f»iifi6t;d»a«E/jI/. rfiiv(r ot

«d/ & b<!A

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mo*i1 i ni ^^noa^ la^cwaiJ

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J* F’ I': VC'’ . i -. ku™. .-

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*

V7ii lo T»<lmumwtil aaiirii naiaJo'r

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bellaW .ooititifbioi.4*.|)Sg '^’i5^t|rf^liq 7»iibUifj;iii« riirjM I««t0‘

.

ori? y/maoo;> bna aoqn^

hlo ad4 lo bôq^^^toSfnin-lity'O^ ®Wla^

4qe-Aai?*4on Mii?oh:wb^ 5bii'htJo50 " rtoi t Jmmvnna$ ^

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this offer, with the condition that he “take no active hostile part, nor

correspond” with the English, and the tide of events hurrying on

forced him to leave Annapolis, on June 22. The Convention, a

few days later, authorized its delegates in the Continental Congress

to accede to a declaration of independence. It is interesting to con-

sider that on Eden’s return to England, because of his services

during his governorship, he was created first baronet of Maryland, a

title still held by his descendants. When she had cast in her lot with

the other states, Maryland was behind no one in her devotion to the-

common cause. The troops from this State saved the army by

stopping the British advance at the battle of Long Island, while

Washington cried in agony at the loss of their lives: “Good God,

what brave fellows must I this day lose.” In all his campaigns,

they were faithful uiuier such men as Wm. Smallwood, IMordecai

Gist, and Xathaniel Ramsay, until they were transferred to the

Southern Department and placed under General Nathanael Greene.

With him, they won even brighter laurels at Eutaw Springs, Camden,

and Guilford Courthouse. Trained by de Kalb and led by Otho Hol-

land Williams and John Eager Howard, the Maryland Line w^as the

backbone of tlie army.

The course of the vState was in general most commendable. It

refused to enter the Confederation, until assured that the Western

lands should be presented to the Union by the states which claimed

them, to be used for the benefit of all; it entertained Congress at

Baltimore in the winter of 177G, and, under the governorship of

Thomas Johnson and Thomas Sim Lee, furnished supplies to the

armies and guarded British ])risoners* at Frederick. In 17S3, the

Confederation Congress met at Annapolis and thither, just before

Christmas, came Washington, to give up, in the old Senate chamber,

his commission as commander of the army. To that Congress,

Maryland gave one of its Presidents—John Hanson.*The Confederation proved too weak a bond to hold the states

together. A meeting of Commissioners from Maryland and Ahrginia,

was called at Alexandria and Mt. Vernon, in 1785, to discuss a

regulation of traffic on the Potomac. This meeting led to a Con-

vention of all the states at Anna])olis in 1780 to discuss the grant to

the Continental Government of a greater power over commerce and

a uniform commercial regulation. The Convention prepared the

way for a second one, held at Philadelphia in 1787, to make any

STATfc Ur.A aitiiirTOMI 7HAr3lfl*«0JI<C :aKA4TnAK,,

I?.' f*'-

ion »Jicq ^Vmod^îioR noiiibno?) dilrr nidi

no ^jjnivm/d fjinsiVa fo abf) ‘'fii odj d’lw bno<^«o‘noo

a ,ppihp)ViioO &t!T ,£S .sfloâo^^ mid honol

as3i^f>o0 wei^

-nor> oj ai tl )ba^*ibrii lo rtoljirujb^^ n oi i>ly)i3a

R6o?vi«ia aid hm 9?M^^d J./|r:i»lâk of frws*yi no dfisdj labie

a lo M aH »M snhufa

lUiv/ ifil ikSfd rr^^^M£^> aod^/ eixi y,d KHb dfiiJ'

u'. . * .'^.

’. . . .

fl'f >

sxll.oj art/joyuivi9(iîii:^nq .âtala *u>»0o odi

X4 Vitoj 3?a/u9^fiomnio»

oiidw ,.l>0i4ial

py.

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-IbH oitJO ‘{d tial bjs d(|i/I »b •{d»0i|«iT bioliiuO bn«

atfet'8ji'«*di4J fttlJ ,bi«wfSB lKê2| 0 b& >iiitsiUi0^ bn«l*“''-' ' mE . ... 7

.vfma 3f(i lo anod/loftcj

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3itf blod^ql fôd a >Inow^'^ bo-vc^q xu>r)4:ioi>o1flo0

KtJi^ bnlffei^H moi^ ^'ynoi^mn^:) lo ^nj t^fn A .i-ediasoi ^n}"* -kill htijt ahbmurMA Jis boU«»rK8W,8rE8i«!rtbol "5»4iC^S»l»^^ »hfa«BZ9lA J« i»llB9;8aw -;^

-ao:i 8 Qr.b'il 3)ai^9Hi,>i«lTj, »'*' flr» sJItinj WnoiJalusoT _.|

o4 ol)l WD^J oJ î tfi'liJânHA .i« 80}Bl8 orfHf«l« i)('i4nOT

b0« Ui^niJiioO ad4 -. Sodj abwii.#4 JJfifwfwO Jojsiwtmo^jj.nolino a>.

7Joj .T8T[ nf •WqlybaJMH 4B,blsH .Vno b:io9«i « lol vaw 4


needed amendments to the Articles of Confederation. To this con-

vention, Maryland sent Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, Daniel Carroll,

and James r^IcHenry, who were Federalists, and Luther Martin, a

brilliant lawyer, and John Francis Mercer, who were Anti-Federalists

and advised against the adoption of the United States Constitution,

the completed work of the Convention. The hand of the three

Federalists may be seen in the adoption of the Presidential Electoral

College, from a similar institution used in Maryland for the choice of

the State Senate, and in certain of the commercial articles. TheState adopted the Constitution without wavering. Little discus-

sion was allowed at its convention, which refused to consider any

amendments. This act of Maryland was thought to have had

great effect in South Carolina and Virginia.

The last decade of the eighteenth century saw Baltimore incor-

porated as a city, in 179G. Her trade with the West Indies and South

America had become extensive and that with China was commemo-rated in the name of a suburb. Canton. Baltimore clippers were found

on every sea. To the city came many refugees from Santo Domingoand France; among the latter were the Sulpician Fathers, whofounded, in 1795, St. Mary’s Seminary, the first Roman Catholic

theological training school in the United States and the second of any

denomination. In national politics, Maryland men assumed impor-

tant positions. James McHenry was Secretary of War from 1796 to

1800, and Benjamin Stoddert, Secretary of the Navy from 179S to

1801. Under the Jeffersonian Republicans, other Marylanders held

important cabinet positions: Robert Smith was successively Secretary

of the Navy, Attorney-General, and Secretary of State; the eloquent

William Pinkney—after he returned from serving as Minister to Eng-

land—became Attorney-General; and the brilliant lawyer. William

Wirt, became Attorney-General under Monroe and was later candidate

for president of the United States on the Anti-Masonic ticket. In

the navy, the Tripolitan war gave the Marylander, Stephen Decatur,

an opportunity to distinguish himself. " The names of General Samuel

Smith of Baltimore, William Hindman, James Lloyd. John Henry,

Edward Lloyd, and William Vans Murray, in addition to some

already mentioned in other connections, show that the State did not

lack strong and faithful representatives in the two houses of Con-

gress during the early years of the Nation’s existence.

During the second war with England (1S12-1S14) more privateers

n

3T>.xa a/A :avÂ3Tft#.iA

-no9 e^ti^ oT Icr aîiiHA

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t'vfi

A i-i

MARYLAND: PROPRIETARY PROVINCE AND Ji’l’ATE 17

sailed from the city of Baitimore tiiaR from any other American port.

In the history of that conflict the names of Commodore Jesse D.

Elliott and Major Nathan Towson are recorded as those of brave

leaders. A mob in Baltimore disgraced the city in the very year

of the opening of the war, by its attack on the Federal Republican news-

paper. Later, Admiral Cockburn and the British fleet plundered the

farms along the shores of the Bay and burned Havre de Grace. At

Caulk’s Field, Philip Reed repelled a British force, whose leader, Sir

Peter Parker, was there killed. In the disgraceful rout of Bladens-

burg, w'hich was followed by the British capture of Washington,

Joshua Barney, a l\Iaryland man, and his marines were the only

Americans to conduct themselves creditabhr. In September, 1S14,

desirous of seizing that “nest of privateers,” a British expedition

attacked Baltimore. The land force disembarked at North Point

and advanced toward the city under the leadership of General Ross,

the victor at Bladensburg. The American militia under General

Strieker opposed his advance and General Ross was killed in the con-

flict that ensued, but the militia retired to the outskirts of the city

leaving the field of battle in the hands of the British. Before the

enemy could approach the city, it was necessary to demolish Fort

McHenry, commanded by Colonel Armistead, and silence its guns.

A night bombardment was ineffectual in accomplishing this, and a

flank attack by a force in whale boats against Fort Covington was

also a failure. During the bombardment, Francis Scott Key, a

Maryland lawyer, was detained on board one of the British vessels

whither he had gone under a flag of truce, and there wrote the National

anthem, the “ Star Spangled Banner.” The British failed to silence

Fort McHenry, and withdrew and the city was saved.

From 1825 to 1855, may be called the era of internal improve-

ment and constitutional reform in the State’s history. .The western

part of the State was rapidly settling and men coveted the trade of

the Mississippi Valley. The Potomac Navigation Company of 1785

was succeeded by the Chesapeake A Ohio Canal Coinpany in 1825.

Three years later the Baltimore Ohio Railroad received a charter,

which it still enjoys, the oldest one used by any railroad in the wmrld.

In 1844, S. F. B. Morse strung the first telegraph line in the world

from Baltimore to Washington. But the aid the State gave the

canal, the railroad, and kindred projects of internal improvement

nearly brought it to bankruptcy. From this disaster, the integrity

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and high moral standard of Thomas G. Pratt, who was governor

from 1844 to 1847, and the help of George Peabody, who had spent

a number of his earlier years in Baltimore, saved the State.

In Constitutional reform, the great grievance was the inequality

of representation, through which the smaller counties had more than

an equit able share of members in the Legislature. The electoral college

for the Senate in 1837 had just enough Van Buren electors to break

the quorum and they refused to come into an organization unless

their party were allowed representation in the upper house of assem-

bly. Though they failed in their main contention, the agitation

then aroused led to important Constitutional Amendments in 1S3S,

whereby the Governor and Senate for the future should be elected by

popular vote and one Senator should be chosen from each county and

from Baltimore City. The reform agitation continued until the old

Constitution had been so amended as to be scarcely intelligible and a

new one was adopted in 1851. This slightly changed the basis of

representation and made nearly all offices elective. It was a poorly-

made instrument of government, but was accepted as better than a

continuance of the old system.

In the middle period of the nineteenth century, Roger B. Taneyserved as Attorney-General and Chief Justice of the Lbiited States

and adorned both positions by his probity and his remarkable

judicial acumen. John Nelson served as attorney-general in 1843;

Reverdy Johnson, who was later a minister to Great Britain, was

Attorney-General in 1849; and, in 1852, John P. Kenned}', the author,

became Secretary of the Navy, and, as such, sent forth CommodorePerry to force open to the world the ports of Japan. In the Mexican

war, a small force of Maryland volunteers distinguished themselves;

among their officers were Lieutenant-Colonel Win. H. Watson and

Major Ringgold

The Native American party, or Know Nothings, were very

strong in Baltimore and, indeed, throughout the State; and just

before the Civil War both the Governor^ Thomas II. Hicks, and the

Mayor of Baltimore, Thomas Swann, were of that party, and the State

was the only one which voted for Fillmore in 1850. This vote for

Fillmore, was cast, however, largely because he was the candidate of

the remnant of the Whig party and because that party had been very

strong in Maryland. Mayor Swann’s administration is noteworthy

for the charter granted to the first street railway and the purchase of

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M . I.

MARYLAND: PROPRIETARY PROVINCE AND STATE 19

Druid Hill Park. The two events had a close connection. The rail-

way company asked for a franchise empowering it to collect a four-

cent fare, and Swann refused to sign an ordinance for this franchise,

but agreed to one by which the railway v/as permitted to charge five

cents, paying the extra cent to the city for the purchase and main-

tenance of parks.

In 1861, the storm of Civil War broke on the country and, on

April 19, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, the 6th Massa-

chusetts regiment tried to pass througli Baltimore on its w^ay to

Washington in response to a call for troops issued by President Lin-

coln. A mob attacked the soldiers and, though the Mayor of the

City, George AYilliarn Brown, marched at the head of the troops,

shots were fired and a number of soldiers and citizens were killed or

wounded. Governor Hicks promptly called the legislature to meet in

extra session at Frederick, and it was a ciuestion for some weeks

whether Maryland would pass an ordinance of secession or remain a

member of the Federal Union. The latter course was finally pursued

though many Maryland men went South and fought in the Confed-

erate army. The tune known as the State's anthem was taken from

a German students' song and fitted to words written to express the

sympathy of Marylanders with the Confederacy.

In May, 1861, General B. F. Butler occupied Federal Hill and

commanded Baltimore, and thereafter the only aid furnished the

South from Maryland was that given by stealth. The Federal soldiery

did not always regard the decisions of the civil officers: a notable

instance of this occurred when the commandant of Fort ^icHenry

refused to give up John ^lerryman on a writ of habeas corpus from

Chief Justice Taney. In 1862, Augustus W. Bradford was inaugu-

rated as governor and, in the autumn of that year occurred the first

invasion of the State from the South by the Army of Northern Vir-

^ginia under General Robert E. Lee, when Western Maryland, the

most Union-loving part of the State, was entered. Disappointed at

not receiving greater support, the Confederate Army fought the battle

of Antietam or Sharpsburg with the Army of the Potomac under

General George B. McClellan, and then retired into Virginia.

Maryland witnessed no other important military movements on her

soil, until Lee crossed the State in June, 1868, on his way to invade

Pennsylvania. In 1S61, Early entered Maryland and defeated the

Federal forces under General Lew Wallace at the battle of the

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20 MARYLAND: FROFRTETARY PROVINCE AND STATE

Monocacy. But tarrying to demand an indemnity from Frederick

for permitting the rov/n to escape conCagration, he neglected an oppor-

tunity to take Washington, which was unprepared for his approach.

During this invasion of the State, Colonel Harry Gilmor, himself a

Marylander, made a dashing raid to the very outskirts of Baltimore

City and burned the Baltimore County Courthouse at Towson.

At the time a Constitutional Convention was sitting at Annapolis

and the stern realities of war so embittered the minds of the Union

majority of the Contention tliat they placed in the Constitution an

iron-clad oath of suffrage, wliich no sympathizer with the South could

take. The Constitution prepared by this Convention had two great

outstanding merits: It increased the representation of Baltimore in

the Legislature tlireefoid and it provided for the establishment of a

State system of public instruction. The Constitution also provided

for the emancipation of slaves who>e status had not been touched

in Maryland by Lincoln’s ju’odamation, inasmuch as the State

had remained in the Union. Tlu? Constitution of 1S64 was

declared adopted by the aid of the soldiers' vote. Shortly after

came the close of the war and lancoln’s assassination at the hands of

Booth, a native of Harford County and a member of a distinguished

family^ of actors.

Thomas Swann and Doctor C. C. Co.n were elected governor and

lieutenant-governor uiuior the new Constitution on the Union ticket,

for there was no Kepub'hcan party, properly so-called, in Maryland

during the war. At the clo:-x‘ of the conllict, Swann and the conserva-

tive members of the Fnioii party Ijecame Democrats, insisted on the

registration of voters wlm had been non~Union men, and' took an

important part in the political struc: 2:le which resulted in turning

over the State to Ir niocratic control, adopting the pre.sent Constitu-

tion—that of Dt)7—and eha-tim: Od(‘ii liowie as governor. In

National politics durim: this period, we find Philip FrancisThomas as

Buchanan’s secretary of the treasury. Montgomery Blair as Lincoln’s

postmaster-general, and .John A. ,1. Creswell as the postmaster-

general under Grant, v.lule Henry Winter Davis, a most eloquent

orator, stood anuin.g ihe .strongest unconditional L'nion men in

Congress.

After the war. Baltimore’s c«unmercial trade, which had suffered

because iritercour-e vnh the .'>nutli liad been cut off, began to return

to her. 1 )i'-a'troiH li-n ds in tiie Pataps('o \’alley in 18(38 and the


cjreat railroad riots of 1877 were slight checks in the onward career.

In ISSO, the city celebrated her sesquicentennial. Though the

15th Amendment to the Federal Constitution gave the ballot to the

negro, the Democratic supremacy in the State was not shaken until

1875, when the Republicans joined with a number of independents,

headed by J. Morrison Harris and Severn T. AVallis, leaders of the

Baltimore bar, on a platform demanding reform in the administra-

tion of the State's affairs. Gross frauds were perpetrated at the

election. On the face of the returns, John Lee Carroll, the Demo-cratic candidate, was declared elected and inaugurated as governor.

The movement for reform, however, was only delayed in its progress.

Wm. T. Hamilton, chosen governor in 1880, was an earnest friend

of good government and considerable advance was made under

his administration. His successor as governor was the Robert M.

IMcLane, a most courtly gentleman, who was appointed United States

Minister to France during his term.

The period extending from the Civil War to 1890 was remarkable

not only for the organization of a State educational system, but also

for the establishment of a number of important institutions for higher

and special education. The McDonogh School for boys had been

founded in 1859 by the will of a wealthy Louisianian, who was a native

of Maryland; the Jesuits had opened Loyola College in 1852; and the

Baltimore Dental College, founded in 1839, claims to be the oldest

insititution of its kind in the world. But in general, we may say

that the middle of the nineteenth century was not a period of great

educational interest. -5 ^

The last third of the century, however, was very different in this

respect. The Methodist Protestants opened Western Maryland

College at Westminster in 1867. Next the foundations of Johns

Hopkins came into being. The University, which bears his name,

^opened its philosophical department in 1876, under the far-seeing

leadership of Daniel C. Gilman; and its Medical Department, which

has the facilities of the great Johns Hopkins hospital at its command,was opened in 1893. When adversity came upon the University,

the people of the city met the emergency by raising emergency and

endowment funds for its support. John W. l\rcCoy made the institu-

tion his residuary legatee and William Wyman joined Nvith others to

provide a fitting site at Homewood in the city’s suburbs. The City

of Baltimore received a most generous gift for a public library from

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Enoch Pratt in 18S2, and the Methodist Episcopal Church opened its

Woman’s College of Baltimore in 1886. These foundations, with the

numerous institutions which have sprung up in Baltimore for educa-

tion in law, medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy, have made that city a

great student center, while the art galleries of Wm. T. Walters have

givenitfame among lovers of paintings and ceramics. In 1894, Jacob

Tome established, at Port Deposit, the institute which bears his

name, as a marvelously well-endowed primary and secondary school.

During the governorship of Elihu E. Jackson, an Australian

ballot law was passed in 1890, which was amended from time to time

until, in 1896, the State secured a thoroughly good election law, by

adopting one the Baltimore Reform League had drafted. In Gov-

ernor Jackson’s administration, the state treasurer proved to be a

defaulter and the hardship felt because of the loss that fell upon his

bondsmen led to the organization of several large bonding companies

in Baltimore and made that city one of the chief centers of the

bonding business in the United States.

For the first time in its history the Republican party of Mary-

land, in 1894, elected the Congressional ticket; and, in 1895, Lloyd

Lowndes, the Republican candidate, was chosen governor. At the

close of his term of office, dissensions in the Republican party were

among the causes of his defeat as a candidate for reelection, resulting

in the choice of John Walter Smith, a Democrat. In Governor Smith’s

term of office, an extra session was called in 1901 to amend the

election law and to provide for a State Census, as certain fraudu-

lent returns, which were afterward corrected, had been made in the

Federal Census. The new election law was designed to suppress

the vote of men who could not read, but was so ambiguous in its

terminology and technical in its provisions that its operation has

proven extremely unsatisfactory. In 1903, the present Governor,

Edwin Warfield, a Democrat, was elected. On national issues, the

State proved its conservatism by supporting the Republican party

on the currency question in 1896 and 19(J0. In 1904, the electoral

vote was divided.

On February 7 and 8, 1904, the City of Baltimore was devastated

by a terrible conflagration, which destroyed a large part of the mer-

cantile district. The city recovered with amazing rapidity from this

loss, and advantage was taken of the opportunity furnished by the

fire to widen several of the streets in the business section and to buy

I

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mahylaxd: profrietahy province and state 23

and renicxitl the docks. A new sewage system is now being con-

true ted and important additions are being made to the City's

beautiful paiks.

Among Maryland’s representatives in the United States Senate,

since 1S70. have been William Pinkney Whyte, who has worthily filled

nearly every o:hce in the gift of the people; Arthur P. Gorman, whowas a leader of the Mationai Democratic party for twenty-five

years. Louis E. McComas and Isldor Rayner. James A. Gary served

as postmaster-general under McKiiuey’s administration; and Charles

J. Bonaparte, formerly secretary of the navy, is now attorney-gen-

eral. In the Spanish v ar, although Maryland volunteers were granted

no opportunity to distinguish themselves in active service, yet two

men of Frederick birth gained high renown: Admiral W. Scott Schley

and General Elwell S. Otis.

So much for the history of Maryland in the past. The future is

secure, if the citizens are true to themselves and their best traditions.

The chief city of the State has roused herself nobly after a great

calamity. Th.e counties are nearly everywhere progressive and

prosperous. iMore attention is paid to education year by year, and

higher standards of life are placed before the people. Let but the

growth in moral character of Maryland men keep pace with their

material advancement and there can be no failure for Maryland.

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EDWIN WARFIELD

WARFIELD, EDWIN, Governor of Maryland, was born. on

Oakdale farm, in Howard county, on May 7, 1S4S, the

son of Albert G. and Margaret Gassaway (Watkins) War-

field. His father was a courteous, refined gentleman of the old

school, fond of music and poeiry, possessing cultured tastes. He w^as

a farmer or planter, who served for a term of four years as president

of the county school board. His mother’s influence was strong upon

her son, both morally and intellectually. He writes of her: “She

was a woman of superior mind and wonderful strength of character.”

The Warfield family is descended from Richard Warfield, whocame from England, settled in Anne Arundel county, near Annapolis,

in 1660, and was vestryman of St. Ann’s Protestant Episcopal Church

in that town in 1692. Mrs. Warfield’s father. Col. Gassaway Watkins,

was a distinguished officer in the Maryland Line service throughout

the whole of the Revolutionary War and also doing military duty in

his elder years during the War of 1812. Col. Watkins, at the time of

his death in 1S40, was president of the Maryland State Society of the

Cincinnati and the last surviving officer of the Maryland Line.

Edwin Warfield spent his youth on the paternal farm, which he

now owns and on which hejias his summer home. He was fond of

reading poetry and history, and especially delighted in the poems of

Burns, Goldsmith, Moore, Tennyson, Pope and Byron. American

history, and especially the biographies of great Americans, inter-

ested him. He attended St. Timothy’s School at Catonsville for one

term, but laid the foundations of his education chiefly in the public

* schools, especially helped by a highly educated and learned teacher,

who was a graduate of Harvard and Yale.

After his father’s slaves were freed, he worked on the farm and

did all kinds of labor. This training, he feels, was l)eneficial in devel-

oping robust physique and alertness of mind. He also had a train-

ing in a country store as clerk, for a year and a half from the time he

was fourteen years of age. During that time he would come, about

every two weeks, to Balt imore with the market wagon of the merchant

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28 EI>WIN WARFIELD

by whom he was employed, and purchase goods for his employer.

In 1868 he began active !ife as a teacher of a public school in Howardcounty and continued in such teaching for six years. Of this period

in his life he writes: “As I began teaching with but limited qualifi-

cations, I was compelled to study to keep ahead of my advanced

scholars. Thus I became interested in lines of reading that w^ere

helpful to me as a teacher.”

In 1874, iJifr. Warfield was appointed Register of Wills for How-ard county and served as such for a year and a half, after which he

was elected on the Democratic ticket, to the same position, for a full

term of six years. He declined a renomination, as he had completed

the study of law and wished to enter upon the practice of that pro-

fession. Mr. Warfield bought the “EHicott City Times” in 1SS2,

and edited this paper in connection with the practice of law, until

1886. In the latter year he originated the movement which led to

the establishment of the T'atapsco National Bank of Ellicott City, in

which institution he was a director until 1890.

He inherited an ambition “to serve the people.” “This tend-

ency,” he writes, “was encouraged by my parents and the surround-

ing family influence. Home environment had much to do with

shaping my inclinations and bringing success in life. Contact with

men in active public and professional life, especially kinsmen, had

much to do with my development.” In 1881, Mr. Warfield was

elected to the State Senate to succeed Hon. Arthur P. Gorman, whohad been elected United States Senator from Maryland. He filled

the unexpired term and was reelected in 1883. During his first two

sessions he was a member of the most important committees, and

in 1886, he served with general acceptability as President of the

Senate.

On April 5, 1886, President Cleveland appointed Mr. Warfield

Surveyor of the Port of Baltimore. On November 24 of that }'ear,

he married Emma Nicodemus of that city, by whom he has had four

children, all of whom are living. His" mot her was a member of

the Methodist Protestant Church, in which he was reared, but, of

recent years he has attended the Brown ^lomorial Presbyterian

Church, of which his wife is a member. In 1887, while Surveyor of

the Port, which position he held until May 1, 1890, Mr. Warfield

bought the “^laryland Law Record,” a legal paper published in

Baltimore, and in 1888 he made it a daily paper under the name of the

dJiSrrHHAW K2woar

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-woff loVaoff lo iMeijiag Ivajiik^qB saw WftfiKaW at ’ ';

sri ihiiiw lajli! nji^tc i«w<, £ sol daas« ijs fc<>vfas iwi'« i^!09:‘lmUo.l.ji icul ^loWiacq « ,v»33tall aii|#s9044«« saw ,ii[||bsbJqirtda Wd a « bdaifeS

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iW ,m! .{ ivulf tefMj.,bbd mi aMtkfuj dvM ,jio^ arfjm lmla!dt;q,i3q«q Ujisj a '^,b»9tig v/4hIî)ti/.f-4SBl«“ M(t 4d>,wod9x1? lo WHOM •i^JSsIwxr'^qqftq 9rf8»!si tii hria ,ommh!e&

EDWIN WARFIELD 29

‘‘Daily Record/’ under which name it is still successfully carried on.

Up to the close of his Sur^'eyorship Mr. Warfield had been very active

as a member of the Democratic party. In 1S7S. he became a mem-ber of the State Central Committee, and in ISSo. he was chairman

of the State Executive Committee. After leaving the Surveyorship,

he devoted himself exclusively to the newly organized Fidelity and

Deposit Company of Maryland. Mr. Warfield had conceived the idea

of forming this company and laid the foundation of its organization.

The defalcation of public officials throughout tlie country, and especi-

ally in Maryland, had awakened the attention of business men, and

methods were being considered for the better protection of the public

and the relief of individuals from the hazard of personal suretyship.

At that time there were but two companies (.loing a purely surety

business in the United States, and neither of these companies bonded

public officials. IMr. M arfield’s long experience in public office madehim familiar with the need of a company which would enter this field;

so in January, 1890, he prepared a charter and took active steps for

the formation of the company, associating with him some of the lead-

ing business men of Baltimore. The charter prepared by Mr. War-

field was approved by them and through his earnest efforts and per-

severance, was passed by the legislature and signed by the governor

on April 3, 1890. At the beginning of the company’s active existence,

Mr. Warfield assumed the position of second vice-president and gen-

eral manager. On April 26, 1892, he became first vice-president and

on January 11, 1893, president, a position which he still holds. The

company limited its held to Maryland at first, but soon extended its

bonding of public officials to those empoyed by the Federal govern-

ment, as well as to those of the other states. ^Ir. Warfield’s exertions

were very successful in removing misconceptions as to the company’s

nature and security. In 1901 a branch of the Company was organ-

ized by him in London, England.

In 1896, Mr. Warfield was chosen as a delegate at large to the

National Democratic Convention. As he panicipatell in that con-

vention, he felt that he was bound to support the party’s nominee,

and did so, though in the convention he had allied himself with the

gold standard wing of the party. In 1899, he was a candidate for

the Democratic nomination for governor and though unsuccessful at

that time, he received the nomination in 19ff> and was elected in

November of that year, receiving a plurality of some twelve thousand

vr

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30 F/OWIX WARFIELD

votes. He was inaugurated for a four years’ term in January, 1904,

and then took up his ofhciai residence at Annapolis. As governor,

his most conspicuous act has been his courageous refusal to sign an

amendment to the State Constitution, limiting the right of suffrage,

the pro'vusions of which amendment he believed to be wrong, and

therefore not to be approved by him, though it was supported by the

members of his party in the General Assembly.

From 1892, until his election as governor, he was one of the

directors of the Maryland Penitentiary. He is a prominent memberof the Maryland Historical Society' and of the Maryland Club. Amongthe directorships which Governor Warfield holds may be mentioned,

those of tlie Central Savings P>ank, the Farmers and ^lerchants

National Bank, and the ^laryland Dredging Company, of Baltimore.

He has taken great interest in patriotic societies, especially' in the

Sons of the American Itevolution, having been president of the ^lary-

land State Society' and president-general of the National Society in

1902 and 1903. He is also a member of the Masonic Fraternity' and

of the Odd Fellows His favorite relaxations from business are found

in farming and horseback riding.

Governor Warfield is a man of fine presence, courteous and

polished in manners, and w'ith gift of eloquence. He is easily' ap-

proached by' those who have business to transact with him and

is accurate and careful in small things as well as in great. ‘‘If I did

not succeed in my' first efforts I tried again. ‘Try, try' again’ is a good

motto” he say^s, and he adds “True success is to be gained by' grit,

reverence for religion and the Sabbath day', love of country', clean,

decent politics, fidelity' to duty% home life, simple ideas and tastes

and respect for parents.”

08.V'1^m

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PETER AINSLIE

AINSLIE, PETER, clergyman, was born at Dunnsville, Essex

county, Virginia, June 3, 1867. He is the son of Peter anj

Rebecca Etta (Sizer) Ainslie. His father, a man of great

earnestness and deep convictions, was a minister, and served a church

in Little Rock, Arkansas, for a considerable period. Subsequently he

removed to Richmond, Virginia, where he spent fifty years as editor

vU‘ the ‘‘Christian Examiner.'' Mr. Ainslie's grandfather. Reverend

Peter Ainslie, came from Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1815, lived for a

>vhile in Baltimore, and later removed to Virginia. The Ainslie Clan

is well-known in Scotland, and their coat of arms is still preserved in

Melrose Abbey. The Sizer family came from England before the

Revolutionary war, and some of them served in the Continental

army.

When a boy, Mr. Ainslie lived in the country, and part of the

time in a village, -where he greatly enjoyed reading, the companion-

ship of flowers, and other surroundings not to be found in large cities.

When twelve years of age he was taken ill of typhoid fever, and after-

ward was very delicate for many years. He says, “ from a little boy I

was trained to think of fitting myself for the ministry, and I preached

to the chickens and the pigs and the trees. While learning to read

and write, I worked a little on a farm and for six months sold books,

but most of the time was in school." The books which he has found

most helpful to him are, “histories and spiritual literature." “Iroad little or no fiction," he says, “ but all kinds of histories. By ten

years of age 1 had read and re-read all of J. T. Headley's works.

Later I read Tennyson, Shakespeare, and the other great English

poets, and ancient and modern histories before I entered college."

His early education was obtained not without diiliculty, on account of

ill health. Lie studied at a public school at Dunnsville, and then, in

1SS6. entered Kentucky university, leaving there at the end of three

>^essions, owing to poor health. He had finished much of the work of

the senior year, but for months was almost an invalid and was undera physician’s treatment. He was unable to return to the university

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32 PETER AIXSLIE

to obtain a degree, and, in 1889, began active work as a suppl}' of tiie

First Christian Church, at Newport News, Virginia. He chose the

ministry as a profession, owing to his parents’ wishes and his ownpersonal preference. never knew the time,” he says, ‘‘that I did

not want to be a minister, and I became a Christian when I was only

ten years old.” In speaking of the most powerful influences in his

life, he asserts that the one which was strongest, first, last and all the

time, was that of his home. He says, “My Christian parents madea beautiful home,” and the general influences emanating from them

were potent factors in forming his character. For eighteen months

he served the church in Newport News, and in 1891 he accepted a

call to the Christian Church on Calhoun street, Baltimore, where he

remained for thirteen vears. In 1905 he was called to the charge of

[

the Christian temple on Fulton Avenue, Baltimore. In connection

with the work of the Temple is the Temple Seminary (which was

opened some years ago), with a three years’ course in the study of the

Scriptures. Students attend the classes, or take the course by corre-

spondence, on the completion of which they are granted a diploma.

This is followed by a four years’ course of reading, when an additional

seal is affixed to the diploma. Mr. Ainslie was, from 1894 to 1900,

i editor of the “Christian Tribune,” a sixteen page weekly, published

? in Baltimore. It consolidated with “The Christian Century,” and he

is now on the staff of that paper. In 1899, he established the Chris-

tian Tribune Home for working girls, on Fayette street, Baltimore,

and is now president of that institution, which is entirely undenomina-

tional in its work, and provides a home for poor, worthy, country girls.

From his pen have come the following books: “Plain Talks to

Young Men,” 1897; “The Signs of His Coming,” 1900; “Religion in

Daily Doings,” 1903. He is now engaged upon a three-volume work

on the Scriptures: Volume I, “Studies in the Old Testament;” Vol-

ume II, “Studies in the Gospels and the Acts;” Volume III. “Studies

in the Epistles and the Apocrypha.” Of these the first volume has

been printed, the second is to appear this fall (1907), and the third

in the spring of 1908.

For three years he has been chaplain of the St. Andrew’s Society of

Baltimore—an organization of Scotchmen of all creeds. He is also

adircctor in the American ^Missionary Society and the Foreign Chris-

tian Missionary Society. In politics he is an Independent, but usually

votes with the Prohibition party. He says that he was a Democrat

Waw«>:iA JMTaa

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'

PETER AINSLIE 33

first, then an Independent, and in 1900 he voted the Democratic ticket

again on account of the Imperialistic issue. He expresses the follow-

ing thought for the American }'outh: “Have convictions, live for a

purpose, be a helper in the world, always be cheerful, see the best in

men and movements, never fear for the impossible, but undertake

hard things, and accomplish the end desired, vrhether it costs sacrifice

or not to accomplish it.”

.

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1T44285

RICHARD HENRY ALVEY

ALVEY, RICHARD HENP^Y, jurist, was born in St. Mary's

county, Maryland, March 26, 1S26, son of George N. andHarriet (Weeklin) Alvey, and descendant of John Aivey,

a Revolutionary patriot who bravely fought in the ^laryland line.

He studied in the schools of St. Mary’s, making good use of his oppor-

tunities and being accounted a good scholar; so that when but

eighteen years of age he was appointed clerk of Charles county

court, continuing to serve from 1844 to 1850.

Meanwhile, he liad studied law, and been admitted to practice

at the Hagerstown bar. He had also come to an active part in

politics, both local and national; was presidential elector on the

Pierce and King ticket in 1852, and member of the iMaryland con-

stitutional convention in 1867.

The law continued to be his profession, however, and in course

of time he was honored with important judicial appointments. Hewas elected member of the Court of Appeals of the State of Mary-

land in November, 1867, and reelected in 1SS2. He became by

appointment the chief justice of that court, which position he held

from 1883 to 1893, when he was promoted by appointment to be

chief justice of the Court of Appf'als of the District of Columbia,

holding the same until his resignation on account of failing health,

near the close of 1904, and always meeting the demands of his

important office with an ability and impartiality that commandeduniversal respect and confidence.

In January, 1896, he was also called by President Cleveland to act

as a member of the Venezuelan Boundary Commission. In 1902 the

degree of LL.D. was conferred upon hilu by Princeton university;

and in 1904 St. John’s university, Maryland, gave him the same

honorary degree.

During the period of his service as chief justice of the district

Court of Appeals he likewise discharged the duties of Chancellor of

the institution in Washington chartered as '‘The National Univer-

sity,” though consisting for the time being of law, medical, and

[II

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RICHAKD HENRY ALVET 37

dental schools only, and he gave lectures therein upon some branches

of the law.

He was married in 1856 to Mary Wharton, who died in 1860,

and afterward to Julia Ha)^s, daughter of Joseph C< Hays, of Wash-ington county, Maryland.

On September 14, 1906, Judge Alvey died at his home in Hagers-

town, Maryland.

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JOHN WILLIAMS AVIRETT

AVIRETT, JOHN WILLIAMS, editor, was born at Golds-

borough, Wayne county, North Carolina, July,23, 1863, and

has lived in Cumberland, i\Id., since March 12, 1SS4. He is

the son of James Battle and ^lary L. D. (Williams) Avirett, daughter

of the late Philip Williams, of Winchester, Virginia, the foremost

lawyer of the Valley. Ilis father, a man devoted to the South, is a

minister in the Episcopal church, and was chaplain under Stonewall

Jackson and General Turner Ashby in the Confederate army, buryin.it

Generals Ashby, Richard and Turner and being with Jackson in his

last moments. Mr. Avirett traces his ancestry to John Alfred Avirett

on his father’s side, a Huguenot from Provence, France, who settled

on New River, Onslow county. North Carolina. His grandfather

Avirett gave all he possessed to the Confederacy, and was one of the

most trusted of President Davis’ advisers. He died in 1870, in

Winchester, Virginia. On his mother’s side were Pierre William,s.

who sat as judge in the Court of the Queen’s Bench, in England;

John Dunbar, M.D., of Dumbarton. Scotland, who, coming to

America, settled in Baltimore; and his grandfather, Philip Williams,

who lived in Winchester, Virginia, was a distinguished lawyer and

prominent member of the Episcopal church.

In his boyhood, Mr. Avirett lived in the country, where he

took keen interest in horses, guns, and dogs. He did some work on

a farm, hauling his products to the Washington market, and in the

meanwhile prepared for the navy, working in the Washington yards

and the preparatory school at Annapolis, but, on account of imperfect

eyesight, was disqualified from pursuing that course of life. The

influence of his mother’s character for good upon his life was strong.

Ill reading he made a special study of mechanics, and also enjoyed

the works of Cooper, ^lacaulay and Scott. His education was

acquired in the Shenandoah Valley academy, at Winchester \iv-

ginia, at the Emerson institute, where he was a schoolmate of the

Blaines, Blairs and Lees, in Washington, District of Columbia, and

finally at Annapolis, but he gave up his college life for the navy.

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JOHN VriLLIAMS -AV1Rp:TT 41

Jle began active life as engineer for Crosby S. Noyes, editor of the

Washington Evening Star,'' on his farm in Montgomery county.

In 1S84 Mr. Avirett went to Cumberland as a shipping clerk for the

R. D. Johnson Milling Compau}’, which position he held until pro-

moted to the ofFices of secretary and treasurer of the same company,

which he held for many \Tars, resigning to become manager of the

Milhdlle Milling Company, of Jefferson countjg West Virginia,

owned by the late Governor I^owndes. These mills he modernized

and made successful. He served on the governor’s staff, with the

rank of colonel, for many years during the terms of Lloyd, Jackson

and Brown.

Mr. Avirett is editor of the ^‘Evening Times,” the ^‘Allega-

nian,” and other papers, which he has owned since 1SS4. From 1900

to the present time he has been State Game Warden of ^laryland,

having been reappointed by Governor AVarfield for four years, from

1904. He says that, ‘‘devoted to mechanics 1 sought the navy.

Failing in that, I responded to a natural desire for influential work,

adopted journalism as a profession, and for twenty years have fol-

lowed it.” For sixteen years lie has been connected with the National

Guard. Fie was the first newspaper man to reach Johnstown at the

time of the Flood, and was involved in the Homestead troubles

with Hugh O’Donncl. During the Coxey army episode he shadowed

Brown and Coxey from Brownsville, Pennsylvania, to Washington,

reporting their movements to the marshal of the District.

Mr. Avirett has endeavored to increase the fish and game supply

of the state by cooperating with the United States Fish Commissioner

and the Game Protective Associations, and he has established a

Maryland Department of Game and Fish Protection, with offices at

Cumberland and Baltimore, and an assistant warden, besides having

numerous dojiuties throughout the state. In this work Governors

Smith and Warfield have l)een deeply interested. In acce|>ting his

resignation, in April, 1905, which was tendered owing to ill-health,

Governor Warfield said ; I regret that your health is siIT'h as to pre-

vent you continuing your jniblic duties, and I wish, in accepting

your resignation, to assure you of my personal regard and high esteem

for you.

“You have placed your branch of the State Government upon a

very high plane of efliciency, and the work you have initiated will

lead, I am sure to good results.”

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42 JOHN WILLIAMS AVIRETT

He is a member of the Elks; the Eagles; the Royal Arcanum;

the Heptasophs; the Mystic Chain; and a number of life and acci-

dent insurance companies. In politics he is a Democrat and he was

a faithful lieutenant of Senator Gorman. In religious faith he is a

member of the Protestant Episcopal church. He is greatly interested

in the Western Maryland Hospital, which he has done much to

establish and maintain. His wife has been vice-president of the

hospital for fifteen years. For exercise he turns to hunting, riding,

and salt w^ater sports, or work. On October 29, 1890, he was married

to Sarah Donnell Roemer, of Wheeling, West Virginia, a gifted

musician. They have had three children, two of whom are living,

a son and a daughter. Mr. AviretFs advice to young men is: ^*Take

care of your health, and do things promptly. Get in touch wdth the

people, and do all you can to help them. Be true to your friends,

grateful for favors, always mindful of the day of small things, and

remember that upon concent ation depends success.’’

TramVA sumjujxw ?ih<h

iniufl-aoiA ;8^l3Js3 ;?siia io todmam a ai oH

înJi i^na a!il lo i^dntxjfl a bnc ;niiidO 0U37K sriil ;ar!q^fl>qdH adJ^

od bni{ g a< fld .e^/ifi,q(qpo,aaiftaTjL;em

od dm} sjjmpl:)^ al i .ftaitnoO roJmt>^ I0 a

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BERNARD NADAL BAKER

THEN the American people were shocked and dismayed by the

Ww exposure, in 1906, of extravagant and dishonest misman-^ ^ agement in many of the largest insurance companies, lead-

ing business and professional men of the country realized that there

was urgent need of doing something immediately to reassure the

masses. In consequence there were organized several committees of dis-

interested men, who were holders of large insurance policies, and whoundertook to look out for the rights of the small policy-holders and to

represent them without expense in a miatter that was of deep concern

to all. As a mieans of bringing home to these small investors the

reliability of such protective organizations, there were mentioned

for membership on the several committees men, whose very names,

it was thought, would put at rest the public mind.

Among the proposed committeemen, one who was first and, per-

haps, oftenest mentioned for a chairmanship was Mr. Baker of Balti-

more. Those who have come to know ^Ir. Baker look upon him

as somewhat removed from the typical financier. He has always

stood so firmly for the people—the common people, rather than

the elect few—that the population as a whole accepts him as its

special guardian against the evil designs of unscrupulous financiers

and soulle.ss corporations. This particular phase of Mr. Baker’s atti-

tude toward the masses has been revealed in every public transaction

in which he and the people have had a common interest.

Bernard Nadal Baker was born in Baltimore, May 11, 1S54,

the fourth son of Charles Joseph and Elizabeth (Bosserman) Baker.

His great-grandfather, William Baker, who married Ann Burniston,

came to Baltimore about the middle of the eighteenth century, and

soon gained prominence as a merchant of wealth and influence. Hewas born near Reading, Pennsylvania, in 174G, and after the death

of his parents in an Indian massacre was adopted by a lady namedBaker, who gave him her name. This family moved to Philadelphia

to avoid hostile Indians, and from the QuakerCity,Mr. Baker came to

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46 BERNAKD NADAL BAKER

Maryland. The r3on of Baker, William Baker, Jr., estab-

lished, more than one hundred and twenty-five years ago, the manu-

facture of glass in Baltimore. This was one of the first glass manu-

factories in the United States, and for it many of the mechanics had

to be imported.

This industry prospered, and was the means of bringing a lareo

fortune to Charles J. Baker, the son, who was a man of strong determi-

nation. He was associated with the municipal government during

the troublous times of the KnowXothing agitation, and as president

of the Second Branch cf the City Council in ISGO, and later as one of

the Finance Comn^issioners of Baltimore city, he assisted materially

in the administration of the city affairs. He was also engaged in

banking and journalism, and was president of the Canton Company of

Baltimore. Although possessed of considerable fortune, i\lr. Baker

was a strict dis(‘i))rmajian, and taught his sons to be self-reliant.

Hence Bernard X. Bak^w started upon his business life with no finan-

cial assistance from his father. His ancestors had enjoyed ample

means, and were of a sturdy stock, who believed in plain living and

high thinking. He spent his youth in the country, a lover of sports

and of active outdoor life, hlis education was begun in St. Timothy's

school, near Baltimore. He spent several years in the study of

chemistry and mineralogy under Professor Genth, in Philadelphia,

after which in 1S72 and 1873 he was a special student at the Sheffield

scientific school of Yale college.

Returning to Baltimore Mr. Baker was for a time secretary and

manager of the Chemical Company of Canton. Later, he established

the Baker, Whitely Coal Company, and the Baltimore Storage and

Lighterage Company, both of Baltimore. He began his business with

a few lighters, and expanded it gradually into a steamship company,

owning or running seventeen Atlantic steamships. In the days

prior to the Civil War Baltimore had had a great name for its shipping;

the Baltimore clippers being the fastest sailing ships that left any port

of the United States, or indeed of the world. .Mr. Baker conceived

the idea of establishing an American .steamship company, which

should again give Baltimore and the United States a portion of its

lost ])restige and should build up the foreign mercantile shipping of

the United States. This company, which was known as the .\tlantic

Transport Company, hod great success, due in a large measure to

Mr. Ikiker’s indefatigable energy, tact and ability. It was merged

K aMATWiXata

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BERNARD NADAL BAKER 47

in the International Mercantile Marine Company a few years since.

During his presidency of the Atlantic Transport Company, he loaned

a ship to transport grain to the starving Russians. He also made two

munificent gifts, viz., the hospital ship Missouri to the United

States Government during the Spanish War, and the ship Maine to

the British Government during the Boer War. These vessels were

maintained largely at his private expense, and were the only hospital

ships ever fitted out. He was elected in January, 1905, president of

the Baltimore Trust and Guarantee CompanyMr. Baker has taken no active interest in politics. His sym-

pathies have always been exceedingly broad, and his power of adap-

tability very great, so that whether the society be fashionable or

plain, old or young, he is always able to adapt himself to his surround-

ings and give pleasure to those with wdiom he comes in contact. Biog-

raphies of noted men have been of great interest to him, and contact

with the many successful men he has met has exerted a strong influence

upon his life. He is a member of the American Geographical Society,

of the Delta Psi Fraternity, the City Club of London, the Union Club

of New York and the ^klaryland and University Clubs of Baltimore.

He is also a member of the Art Commission of Baltimore city, and is

a Trustee of Johns Hopkins university.

In December, 1S77, ^Ir. Baker married Elizabeth Elton Livezey.

They have two daughters. His home is in Baltimore county, near

Catonsville. He is affiliated with the Protestant Episcopal church; is

fond of country life; and his favorite recreations are hunting and

fishing. He is a strong; and determined man, of large heart and of

indefatigable energy. Working on new lines, and often using newmethods, he has been able to obtain noteworthy results.

itHjSJsfl dhQKVf QHhYifiaii

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CHARLES WINTERFIELD BALDWINHARLES WINTERFIELD BALDWIN was born March 23,

1840, at Severn Cross Roads, Anne Arundel county. He was

the seventh son and the tenth child of Judge William

Henry and Jane Maria (Woodward) Baldwin. The homeplace

‘^Bunker Hill,’’ afforded the children the comforts of a simple country

home, the boys sharing in the work of the farm and the girls assisting at

the household duties; for though there were negro servants to perform

the heavy work of both farm and house, the father belived in giving

to his children the inestimable advantage of learning to do without

luxuries, of respecting honest labor, whether of the hand or of the head,

and of forming habits of industry and frugality. Among the tasks

which fell to the lot of Charles Winterffeld Baldwin in his early youth

was a weekly ride on horseback to the old grist mill on Severn Run.

The trip to the mill was made astride a bag of corn as a saddle; the

homeward trip was taken after the corn had been converted into meal.

Once the lad, while performing this duty, had an experience that he

never forgot. On his journey to the mill, the string which bound

together the mouth of the bag upon which he was perched became

unfastened and before the boy had fully realized what was happening

half the corn v/hich was to have supplied the family during the

approaching week was scattered in the deep ruts of a rough country

Charles Baldwin’s amusements were those of the average country

boy; riding, swimming, fishing, hunting, and playing games. Intellect-

ual stimulus was not lacking; the father—broadened by his early

experience as midshipman in the navy and by his contact with think-

ers, both through personal intercourse and through books—and the

mother—a constant reader of the Bible,—developed in their son a

taste for reading books that would improve him both mentally and

spirtually.

Next to the influence of the boy’s parents was that of the Metho-

dist Episcopal church. Near the boyhood home of Mr. Baldwin was

one of the “preaching stands’’ of Francis Asbury, first bishop of

road.

CHARLES WINTERFIELD BALDWIN 49

American Methodism, who annually journeyed from Vermont to

Georgia and westward to the frontiers in Kentucky, preaching to tens

of thousands. In those days, as old store accounts, still in existence

in the neighborhood, show, many families spent for whiskey, gin,

and rum as much as for the necessaries of life. The Methodists

fought against this condition, and it was doubtless this condition and

the fight against it which enlisted the Baldwin family on the side

of prohibition.

The elementary education of Mr. Baldwin was obtained at the

district school which had been organized near his home, largely

through his father’s influence. He prepared for college at Anne

Arundel Academy, a school incorporated in 1S56 by Judge Baldwin

and his neighbors. The school first met in a two room log-cabin, but

had as its teacher an excellent educator, the late P. M. Leakin. In

latter years this institution has been placed in a position of indepen-

dence through the generous endowment of several of Judge Baldwin’s

sons. Charles Baldwin’s elder brothers, who at that time were pros-

perous business men in Baltimore, sent him to Yale University, from

which he was graduated in 1861 with the degree of A.B. He studied

law in 1861 and 1862 with the firm of Brown and Brune. Subse-

quently he entered Yale Theological School and in 1865 he spent a

few months at Union Theological Seminary. He received the degree

of A. M. from Yale in 1864; and the degree of Doctor of Divinity from

St. John’s College, Annapolis, Md., in 1898.

He had been converted in early boyhood at a revival at Sul-

phur Spring meeting house, and immediate!}' thereafter he united

with the church at Severn Cross Roads. He then determined to

enter the ministry, and his courses at the theological schools of

Yale University and of Union Seminary were pursued to prepare himfor his chosen career. He entered the Baltimore Conference of the

Methodist Episcopal Church in March, 1866, and his life since then

has been spent in preaching the gospel under the kinerant system

of his denomination. He has served the following charges: Sev-

ern circuit (1866-68); Ryland Church, Washington, D. C. (1868-70);

Hereford circuit, Baltimore county (1872-73); East Baltimore sta-

tion (1373-74); Cross Street Church (1874-76); Patapsco circuit,

Maryland (1876-79); Huntingdon Avenue Church (1879-82); Centre

Street Church, Cumberland, (1882-85); Union Church, Washington,

D. C. (1885-87); Ryland Church, Washington, D. C. (1887-90);

50 CHARLES WINTERFIELD BALDWIN

Wesley Church, Washiugvon, D. C. (1890-91); as secretary of the

American Universiiy, Vv^ashingion. D. C. (1891-94); Wesley Church,

Washington, D. C. (1894-97); as presiding elder of West Baltimore

District (1897-1903); and as superintendent of the Baltimore City

Missionary and Church Extension Society of the Methodist Episcopal

Church since 1903.

In 1868 Dr. Baldv/in was married to Miss Annie C. Hopkins,

daughter of Lambert N. and Mary J. Hopkins of Baltimore. i\Irs.

Baldwin died in 1872. 'He was again married to Miss Annie M.

Thomas, of Baltimore, daughter of Samuel and Maria Thomas, in

1876. He has one daughter. Miss Maria Baldwin, who is a graduate

of Wellesley College.

Dr. Baldwin’s work in the ministry has not prevented him from

taking part in other efforts for the promotion of education and good

citizenship. He became one of the incorporators of the Woman’sCollege of Baltimore in 1885, and has been a trustee of the institu-

tion since that date. He is secretary to the board of trustees of the

American University, Washington, D.C., which office he has held since

1890, and he has since 1899 been a trustee of the university. He has

been president of the board of trustees of the Anne Arundel Academysince 1900. He has been a director of the ^Mountain Lake Park

Association since 1882, and for nineteen years president of the organi-

zation.

In 1901 Dr. Baldwin was a delegate to the third Ecumenical IMetho-

dist Conference which met in City Road Chapel, London, England.

In 1907 the Methodist Episcopal Churches of Baltimore united in an

invitation to their General Conference, the governing body of that

denomination composed of nearly eight hundred delegates from the

United States and Foreign Missions, to hold in Baltimore its twent}’-

fifth Delegated Quadrennial Se.ssion in May, 1908. Dr. Baldwin was

appointed chairman of the committee to convey the invitation which

was accepted. Later he was chosen chairman of the committee of

thirty-five ministers and laymen to arrange for the entertainment of

the General Conference.

In politics Dr. Baldwin is a Prohibitionist. He voted the

Republican ticket prior to 1884; but believing the traffic in alcoholic

liquors to be the most important question before the citizens of the

country, he has transferred his allegiance to the party which is

pledged to aboli.sh this evil.

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i-

.1

SUMMERFIELD BALDWINALTIMORE'S supremacy as the market of the South was not

attained in a da\% nor has that supremacy been retained

without difficulty during the years since the ^Monumental

City first began to supply much of the material consumed by southern

industries, and to dispose of the output of southern manufactories.

Away back in the early days of America’s pros])erity the merchants

of Baltimore started to build the commercial fame of the city in the

southern states. The pioneer wholesalers of Baltimore were in

a large measure men wlio had sufficient faith in the kfouth, even

when her future seeme<l most doul)tful, to invest every available

surplus in southern industries. That these investments eventually

brought large returns to the investors did not fully discharge the

obligation which the benefited section felt she owed for their

earlier faith. By the liberal use of capital they had given her an

opportunity to develop along industrial lines. The section crushed

and poverty-stricken after the war took courage and began to labor

for its own prosperity. The cotton industry, the coal fields, the

iron mines opened up countless avenues for advancement, and, with

the increased wealth that accompanied such advancement came a

strengthening of the ties vnich bound Baltimore and Dixie land.

The names of scores of Baltimore business houses and capital-

ists might be mentioned among those who rendered assistance to

the South until she could bring herself into a position to be inde-

pendent. Hardly any name is more favorably known in this con-

nection than that of Surnmerficld Baldwin, who did great things for

the development of the cotton industry, who contributed largely

to Baltimore’s southern fame as a business metropolis, and who in

addition found time to lend a helping hand toward bettering

the city of his adoption.

Summerfield Baldwin was born September 16, 1S32 at “BunkerHill,” the paternal homestead at Severn Cross Roads, Anne Arundel

county, ^Maryland. Ilis father, the late Judge William Henry ITald-

win, had entered the navy as a midshipman at the age of 17, and

54 SUMMERFIELD BALDWIN

served through the war of 1812-1814, under Commodore Warring-

ton on the frigate Peacock. At the close of the second conflict with

England, he resigned from the navy and retired to the homeplace,

“Bunker Hill,” where he lived as a farmer the rest of his life. Hewas made judge of the Orphans Court and served as county school

commissioner. A man of marked candor, rigorous honesty, gentle-

ness and piety, he had the courage of his convictions and was always

foremost in every effort to promote the material and moral welfare

of the neighborhood in which he lived. He was especially active in

the work of the church, the school, and the cause of temperance

reform.

Judge Baldwin was married to Jane ]\Iaria Woodward, daughter

of William Garrett Woodward and Jane Garrett; the latter a

sister of Amos Garrett, first mayor of Annapolis. Summerfield

Baldwin was the seventh child of this marriage. His boyhood was

passed in a simple country home, near the Severn river, where the

chief influences of his early life were the sterling worth and intelligence

of his father, the strong character and common sense of his mother,

and the Christian piety of both. The Bible, Pilgrim's Prog-

ress, Milton’s Paradise Lost, and the works of Shakespeare and

Wordsworth, he read. It is perhaps largely to his familiarity with

these wells of pure English and his long experience as a member and

leader of Methodist meetings, that Mr. Baldwin owes his readiness

and excellence as an extempore speaker.

Mr. Baldwin was married. May, 1860, to Fanny Cugle, daughter

of John Cugle of Baltimore. To them were born Helen, who died

in infancy, William Woodward, Louise (now the wife of Mr. EdwardNorris Rich), and Summerfield Baldwin, Jr. In June, 1867, Mrs.

Baldwin died. ^Ir. Baldwin’s second wife was Juliet Gambrill Sewell,

(to whom he was married in 1870) daughter of John A. Sewell, of Anne

Arundel county. They have had seven children of whom Charles

Gambrill, Juliet Catherine, Willard Augustine and Dorothy Sewell are

now living.

Mr. Baldwin’s home is a center of hospitality. He is to his

family and friends an example of gentleness. He leads, and strives

to inspire others to lead, the intellectual and spiritual life. His suc-

cess in life, he ascribes to his deep purpose to improve all his oppor-

tunities and fulfill all his duties; and to the habits of industry and

to the spirit of helpfulness which v.'cre fostered by his early training.

SUMMERFIELD BALDWIN 55

In the church he has been an active official member, and he has

.served it in many positions of trust. He was the first layman from

the Baltimore Conference sent to the General Conference of the Metho-

dist li^piscopal Church, and has served three terms in that body. He

is a member of the General Missionary Society of the church; presi-

dent of the iMethodist Preachers’ Aid Society; and was one of the

organizers of the Methodist Book Depositoiy, of which he was, until

lately, the treasurer.

In the public interest Îr. Baldwin has been continually identi-

fied with reform movements. He was the first candidate of the

Prohibition party for Governor of ]^laryland. He served on a com-

mission with John P. Poe and Doctor Richard T. Ely, sometime pro-

fessor of Political Economy of Johns Hopkins University, to revise

the revenue and tax laws of the state of Maryland. He has been

an active member of the Reform League, the Civil .Service Reform

Association, and president of the Society for the Suppression of Vice.

For several years he was president of the ^lerchants and Manufact-

urers Association of Baltimore City and chairman of the commit-

tee of that organization which presented a memorial to President

McKinley at the White House, urging upon him if possible to avert

the war with Spain.

Mr. Baldwin, together with his brother, the late William Henry

Baldwin, Jr., partially endowed the Anne Arundel academy. For

many years he served as vice president on the Board of Trustees

of the Woxiian’s College of Baltimore Cit}" and as treasurer of the

Baltimore Orphan Asylum He is a member of the ^Maryland -His-

torical Society, the American Economic Association, the Municipal .\rt

Society, and other institutions of like character.

In September, 1S49, Mr. Baldwin entered business life as a clerk in

a wholesale drygoods house in Baltimore, his choice having been

determined by the fact that his uncle, William Woodward, and two

older brothers, William Henry Baldwin, Jr., and C. C. Baldwin of

New York, were engaged in that busine.ss. Subsequently Mr. Baldwin,

with iMr. Edward T. Norris, founded the firm of Norris A' Baldwin, of

Baltimore and New York. The history of the Môodward, Baldwin

Company is parallel with the history of the cotton industry in this

country as it was the pioneer in the development of the southern

cotton manufacturing industry. Îr. Baldwin’s labors in the

interest of the cotton industrv have been the strongest factors toward

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56 SUMMERFIELD BALDWIN

establishing a financial relation between the manufacturing South

and the firm with which he was so intimately connected. He is

a stock holder and director in many of the southern mills.

Mr. Baldwin organized the first electric lighting company in

Baltimore, and was its president up to the time of its consolidation

with the United Electric Light and Power Company. He was also

president of the National Exchange Bank, and is now vice-presi-

dent of the International Trust Company and the Maryland Savings

Bank of Baltimore, and president of the Warren I^Ianufacturing

Company of Maryland.

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BENJAMINE FRANKLIN BENNETTEXXETT, BEXJAMINE FR.^NKLIN, builder, was born in

Oakland, formerly in Baltimore county but now included in

tlie territory of Carroll, on September 22, 1824. His father,

ikmj amine Bennett, was a farmer and a descendant of Thomas

ikninett and his wife Beggy (Tevis) Bennett, who emigrated from

Bitgland and settled at Annapolis about 1775. The eider Benjamine

Heiinett, during the second war with England—1812-14—forsook his

farm long enough to take up arms in the nation’s defence and served

as a captain during the conflict. The early da^'s of young Bennett

were passed amid such surroundings as are common to sons of farmers.

He was a robust lad, fully able to share in the labor of a farm, and was

required to perform his part of the farm work. He was assigned a

small portion of the farm which was regarded as his own land. OnSaturdays he would work this strip of land and by the sale of the prod-

ucts which he there cultivated, he obtained his spending money and

bought his clothes.

Young Bennett continued on the farm until his seventeenth

year. About this time the question arose whether he or his brother

should follow in the father's footsteps. The brother, being the elder,

was permitted to choose; and he deteriruned to be a farmer. Ben-

jamine therefore concluded to take up a trade, and took up his residence

in Baltimore. He became an apprentice in carpentry and building,

on March 15, 1840, and finished his apprenticeship on September 22,

1844. After he reached the city he began to feel the great need of

fitting himself more thoroughly for his life work, and he became a

close student of books. With his pocket Testament, such works of

history as he could obtain, and books upon architecture which he

thought would be useful to him in his chosen trade, he began the task

of self-education.

Mr. Bennett’s mother, who had lieen Miss Margaret Gorsuchbefore her marriage, had inculcated in her son the earnest desire to

ailVance in life and to Ik' a credit to his family; while his early com-panionships taught him to help others as well as himself. These

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60 BENJA:JINK FRANKLIX BENNETT

lessons learned in boyhood have borne their fruit in after years. Hohas constantly striven to advance in his profession, by study as well

as by thorough work. As a member of the Methodist Episcopal

Church, he has contributed liberally of his time to almost every

enterprise of the local congregations of his denomination; and he

has given lavishly to the v/ork of his own and of other churches.

Mr. Bennett was married on August 27, 1S4S, to Eleanor A.

Ward, by whom he had tw'o sons and two daughter's. After Mrs.

Bennett’s death her husband erected as a memorial to her. Bennett

Hall, one of the group of buildings of the Woman’s College. Hi.s

second wife, to whom he was married on the 27th of September. 1S94.

was Miss Elizabeth Harwood. Bennett Memorial Church, in whose

interest Mr. Bennett is an active worker, is a memorial to Allan

Bennett, one of his sons by his first wife.

Among the religious and philanthropic activities of Mr. Bennett

are his services as trustee of the First Methodist hlpiscopal Church,

trustee of Bennett Memorial Church, trustee of the Woman's Coileae

of Baltimore, treasurer of the Board of Trustees of the Woman'sCollege, president of the Board of Trustees of the Home for the Aged,

vice-president of the Maryland State Temperance Alliance, and. for

twenty-three years superintendent of the Bennett Memorial Sunday

School. He is an Odd Fellow^ and a ^lasori. He is treasurer of the

Builders’ Exchange, and of the Builders’ Exchange Building Company.

The Methodist Episcopal Church has given evidence of its apprecia-

tion of his sterling character by honoring him with a seat in the General

Conference, the highest law-making body of tiie denomination.

Among the buildings of Baltimore which have been erected from

the plans and under the direction of Mr. Bennett, and will stand a.s

enduring monuments to their builder, are the First Methodist Church

at the corner of St. Paul and Twenty-Second Streets, and the noble

group of stone buildings near it devoted to the work of the Woman's

College of Baltimore; the St. Paul Street residence of President

Goucher recently given by him to the Woman’s College, one of the

most perfectly finished mansions in the city; the large and substan-

tial red brick buihling on North Howard Street, which as the Acad-

emy of Music, has furnished entertainments for more than one gene-

ration of Baltimoreans, and the beautiful house of worship of the

Mt. Vernon Methodist Church.

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CHARLES JOSEPH BONAPARTE.

ONAPARTE, CHARLES JOSEPH, who assumed the port-

folio of secretary of the navy in the cabinet of President

Roosevelt, July 1, 1905, and since December 12, 1906, attor-

ney general, was born at Baltimore, Maryland, June 9, 1851. His

father was Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte, son of Jerome, the brother of

Napoleon I. of France, and Elizabeth (Patterson) Bonaparte. His

mother was Miss Susan 51ay Williams of Baltimore, who married

Jerome Napoleon, at Baltimore in 1829.

Charles Joseph Bonaparte, the younger of the two sons of his

parents, was graduated from Harvard college in 1871, and from the

Harvard law school in 1874. Returning to Baltimore, he began at

once the practice of law in his native city, where he has continued to

reside. His chosen profession, and a deep and constant interest in

civil service reform and in practical efforts to further good govern-

ment and to secure needed political reforms in his own state andcity and in the country-at-large, have occupied him for the morethan thirty years since he began the practice of law.

He was for man}' years chairman of the Council of the National

Civil Service Reform League, resigning that position July 22, 1905;

he was appointed a member of the United States Board of Indian

Commissioners in 1902, resigning in 1904 in order to act as one of the

presidential electors for the state of i\Iaryland, on the Roosevelt ticket.

He is a member of the executive committee of the Civic Federation.

He was named by Secretary Hitchcock, with the approval of Presi-

dent Roosevelt, in 1904, special inspector to investigate affairs in

the Indian Territory. He received, in 1903, the Laetare medal

given by the University of Notre Dame.Mr. Bonaparte married Miss Ellen Channing Day, of Newport,

Rhode Island, Septeml^er 1, 1875.

Always a member of the Republican party, i\Ir. Bonaj)arte has

maintained his personal independence in party matters; and his

leading influence in the party affairs of his city and of his state is

due to his acknowledged character, and to his fearle.ss independence.

MARION VERNON BREWINGTON

BREWINGTON, MARTON VERNON, was born at Salisbury, !

Wicomico county, Maryland, December 26, 1866. He is ^

the son of Henry J. Brewington and Orenthia A. Lonn.

His father was a man of the sturdy Southern kind, and kept tiie

leading hat store in Salisbury for forty-five years. His earliest knowi.

ancestor in America was William Brereton, who settled in Wicomico =

county, on three hundred acres of land granted him by Lord Balti-

more, in 1687. From a small boy Marion was given certain tasks to;

do about the house and yard, and thus made himself helpful in the

daily routine work. His mother dying when he was an infant, lie

w'as deprived of her tender care and keenly felt the loss of a mother's ’

love during youth. Re left school at the age of fourteen, and entered;

a printing office to learn a trade, pursuing at the same time special

lines of reading, such as history and French and English, through the

Chautauqua Society of New^ York. His favorite authors were

Balzac, Irving, Scott, Hugo and Dumas. His school days w'ere;

spent mainly at the Salisbury high school and his early education

having been greatly interrupted, he decided to learn the trade of 1

printing on account of the many educational advantages wdiich itj

affords. His profession brought him into politics when but twenty

years of age, and he managed several of the hottest campaigns in

Wicomico. He declares that his success in the business w’orld was

due to the influence and teachings of his father, and that what he

achieved in politics w^as the result of a natural fondness for public

affairs. He is editor of the “ Wicomico New's,’’ the Democratic organ;

of the county; director of the Farmers’ and ^Merchants’ Bank, and

director of the Peninsula General Hospital and Home for the Aged

at Salisbury. In 1899 he w’as elected state senator, and after serving

four years w^as reelected in November, 1903. He was author of the

bill creating the office of Superintendent of Public Education, helped

to lead the fight against the Hainan Oyster Bills, and accomplished

some important reforms in the tax systems of Wicomico county.

MARION VERNON BREWINGTON Go

Mr. Brewington is a member of the Wicomico Lodge, No. 91,

A. F. and A. M., the Chesapeake Royal Arch Chapter, Giblem Coun-

cil, T. J. Shryock Commandery, No. 11; the Lulu Temple, Mystic

Shrine; the Salisbury Lodge of Elks; the Knights of Pythias; the

Royal Arcanum, and is a Red Man. In politics, he is identified with

the Democratic party; and in religious matters he affiliates with the

Episcopal church. His chief relaxation from business is in travel.

Mr. Brewington suggests to young men, starting out in life, this-

thought: “Every young man ought to have a set purpose in life and

then work honestly for its accomplishment. I believe every young

man should have either a trade or a profession, and I doubt not that

a trade in connection with a profession is the best equipment he could

have.”

In 1S92, on the thirteenth of April, Mr. Brewington married

Margaret M. Fulton. They have one child, a son.

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ARTHUR GEORGE BROWN

Brown, Arthur GEORGE, lawyer, was bom in Baltimore,

September 26, 1842, the son of George William and Claria

Maria (Brune) Brown. His father was one of the City’s

foremost citizens, serving as Mayor in ISGl and later as Judge of the

Supreme Bench of Baltimore City. His noteworthy characteristics

were courage, fairness and conscientious devotion to duty. Doctor

George Brown, Judge Brown’s grandfather, came from the North of

Ireland and settled with his family in Baltimore, in 1783. Another

ancestor, William Buchanan, was chairman of the Baltimore Com-

mittee of Safety, during the Revolutionary war, and was, for a time,

Commissary General of the Continental army.

Arthur George Brown, as a youth, with sound but not robust

health, spent his time in Baltimore, except during occasional summervacations. He received his early education at the Baltimore college

school, and Rippard and Newell’s school in the city; after which he

spent three years at St. Paul’s school. Concord, New Hampshire.

Having completed the course there he entered St. James college, in

Washington county, Maryland, whence he was graduated with the

degree of B.A. in July, 1862. Choosing the legal profession for his

vocation, he read law in the office of Brown A Brune, in Baltimore,

and was admitted to the bar in iMarcii, 1865. A diligent worker in

his profession, he has attained a high position among the leading

attorneys of his state. He was at one time professor of Admiralty

Law in the Lffiiversity of Maryland, and, for one term, he served as

president of the Bar Association of Baltimore city. He is provost

of the Baltimore University school of law, and was president of the

State Board of Law Examiners for several years. He is now judge

of the Court of Arbitration of the Baltimore Chamber of Commerce.

In 1889, he served as chairman of the Association of Citizens to

restrict and regulate the liquor traffic, wliose elforts resulted in the

passage of a high license law, and. in 1903, he was appointed by the

governor one of the Board which submitted to the General Assembly

a draft of a revised corporation law.

AimiUii GEOUGE BROWN 67

Mr. Brown was a trustee of the Johns Hopkins university for

several years prior to 1902. and is nov; a trustee of the Peabody

institute and of the College of St. James. Ke is a member and was,

for nine years, president of the Maryland club, and is also a memberof the St. George's Society, and the French Benevolent Society. In

politics he is a Democrat, and in his religious belief a Protestant

Episcopalian. On June 18, 1874, he was married to Mary Elizabeth

Alricks. They have had two child len, both of wdiom are living.

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WILLIAM CABELL BRUCE

Bruce, william CABP].LL, lawyer, was bom in the mansion

house of Staunton Hiil Plantation, Charlotte 'county, Vir-

ginia, ]\[areh 12, I860, the son of Charles and Sally (Seddon)

Bruce. His father was a member of the Wrginia state senate, a

man characterized by ‘'integrity, public spirit, executive capacity,

conversational vivacity, a kindly, philosophical way of looking at

men and things, and a gift of clear, correct expression; a Southern

planter and gentleman of the old regime.” His mother was a

“religious woman, endowed with uncommon force of character and

very firm in all her principles of conduct. She was, besides, extremely

fond of reading. Her influence in all respects was for good.” His

mother’s brother. Honorable James A. Seddon, was secretary of war

of the Confederate States. The Bruce family traces its descent from

an ancestor who came to Virginia from Scotland in the eighteenth

century. James Bruce, of Halifax county, Virginia, grandfather

of the subject of this sketch, died in 1837, the wealthiest man in the

state. His wife was a Miss Cabell, through whom the family became

connected by ties of relationship wuth the many prominent persons

who have sprung from the Cabell family, and exercised a lasting

influence on the political and social life of Aurginia.

wdlliam Cabell Bruce passed an active and vigorous youth in

the country, spending his time in reading, especially ancient and

English classics, riding, walking and shooting. He was educated

at Pampatike academy and Norwood high school and academy in

Adrginia, and then studied law at the University of Adrginia, in 1879

and 1880. Coming to Baltimore in 1880, he entered the law school

of the University of Maryland and was graduated with the degree

of LL.B. in 1882. He then settled in Baltimore, engaging in the

practice of his profession, in which he has attained success. In choos-

ing the profession of law he followed the wishes of his parents as well

as his personal preference; and he acquired his first strong impulse

to struggle for success from his father, and the importance that is

attached in A’irginia to every form of honorable personal distinction.

WILLIAM CABELL BRUCE 69

On October 15, 1887, Mr. Bruce married Louise E. Fisher,

daughter of Judge William A. Fisher, of Baltimore, by whom he has

had four children, three of whom are living. During the year of

his marriage he became a member of the law firm of Fisher, Bruce and

Fisher, of which his father-in-law and brother-in-law were members,

and he continued in that relation until 1904. In public speeches,

in the press, and by personal experience he has steadfastly advocated

honest elections and the merit system of appointment to ofFice.

He affiliates with the Democratic party, and was a member from

Baltimore city of the state senate in the assembly sessions of 1894

and 1896, and was chosen president of that body by unanimous vote,

the latter year. Since July 1, 1903, he has been, by appointment and

reappointment, city solicitor and head of the law department of Bal-

timore city.

Mr. Bruce is an attendant upon the services of the Protestant

Episcopal church. His favorite amusements are gardening, shooting

and swimming. He is a member of the Maryland club, the Mer-

chants’ club, the Civil Service Reform Association, and the Balti-

more Reform League. He has written a few pamphlets and brief

essays. As a result of his experience, Mr. Bruce feels that a manshould not “ be too timid about subordinating the practical rewards

of life to the higher forms of human aspiration.” He urges “fidelity

to the impulses of conscience and the ideals of character exemplified

in the careers of George Washington and Robert E. Lee.”

I

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WILLIAM SHEPARD BRYAN, Sr.

B ryan, william SHEPARD, Su., jurist, was born in New-bern, North Carolina, November 20, 1827, the son of John

Henitage and Mary Williams (Shepard) Bryan. The family

is descended from William and Alice (Needham) Bryan, who were

married in England, in 1GS9, and afterward emigrated and settled in

Nansemond county, Virginia. Two of William Bryan’s sons settled

in Bertie county, North Carolina, and a later descendant, General

William Bryan, removed to Craven county in that state in 1717.

John H. Bryan was an eminent lawyer and enjoyed a large and

lucrative practice, until ill health compelled him gradually to retire,

between 1850 and 1860. He was a very kind and benevolent manand had many devoted friends. Before reaching his twenty-sixth

year he was elected to the state senate and to the United States

house of representatives on the same day. He was absent from home

at the time, on a summer pleasure trip, and the first notice he received

of his friends’ purpose to vote for him for either place came in a letter

announcing his election to both positions. He served four years in

congress, from 1825 to 1829, and then retired from public life, devo-

ting himself thereafter to the practice of his profession. His wife,

whom he married on December 20, 1821, was the daughter of William

and Mary (Blount) Shepard, both members of families of high stand-

ing in the state and of large wealth and influence. John H. Bryan’s

mother was Rachel, granddaughter of William Henitage, who came

from England prior to 1757, and settled on a plantation called Spring-

field, three miles from Newbern. He was a man of great influence

and large wealth and was the legal adviser of the Colonial Govern-

ment.

William Shepard was the fourth of a family of fourteen children,

and was always of a feeble physical frame, suffering a good deal from

ill health throughout his whole life. In 1838 the family removed to

Raleigh, North Carolina, where he prepared for college. In June,

1842, when he was fourteen years and six months old, he entered the

freshman class of the University of North Carolina, and, with the

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WILLIAM SHEPARD BRYAX, SR. 73

exception of absence during the hrst session of 1843, was present

throughout the whole four years^ course and took the highest honors

of the class for scholarship, receiving the rank of ‘'hrst honor sepa-

rate,” which was rarely conferred. •

After graduating, in 1846, he studied law in his father’s office

and was admitted to the Superior Court Bar in January, 1850.

In December of that year he removed to Baltimore and entered

upon the practice of law in that cit^v'. He was at hrst without

acquaintance or influential association, and his progress for a time

was very slow. But he devoted himself to his studies diligently,

made few acquaintances and spent very little time in social pleasures.

He gradually won a position for himoclf, and during the December

term, 1853, made his hrst appearance before the Supreme Court of

the United States as associate counsel in the case of Eyre v. Potter,

reported in 15th Howard. In the courts of Maryland, he argued

many cases, among them the noted one of Jones r. Jones, reported in

36 Maryland. In this case the Court of Appeals decided unanimously

that slave marriages were valid and that the issue thereof, born in

slavery, could inherit, after becoming free, just as other free persons.

This decision reversed a settled practice founded on an opinion given

by Daniel Dulany, in 1767, and reported in 1 Harris & McHenry’s

Reports.

On October 1, 1857, Mr. Bryan married Elizabeth EdmondsonHayward, daughter of William H. and Elizabeth Hayward, of Talbot

county. Mrs. Bryan died in IMarch, 1898. They had three sons and

a daughter, all of whom are living. The eldest son is attorney-

general of Marvland.

Mr. Bryan has always been a Democrat, and was presidential

elector in 1876. In 1883 he was elected, as his party’s candidate,

to the position of associate judge of the Court of Appeals, for a term

of fifteen years. Throughout his term on the bench he was constant

in his attendance on his duties, and delivered the opinion of the court

in many cases. Judge Bryan, however, being a man'of independent

thought, some of Irs most important opinions have been those in

which he dissented from the majority of the court. When his term

of office ended, in November. 1898, he had passed the age limit fixed

by the State Constitution for further judicial service, and retired

to private life. He lived for a time with a married daughter, in

Annapolis, but later returned to Baltimore.

WILLIAM SHEPARD BRYAN, Jr.

RYAN; WILLIAM SHEPARD, Jr., Attorney-General of the

State of Maryland, is the son of Judge William Shepard

Bryan, Avho was one of the most evenly balanced and richly

stored legal minds of the ^klaryland bar. Judge Bryan’s father, John

H. Bryan, was a member of congress from North Carolina during

the administration of l'*resident John Quincy Adams. Elizabeth

Edmondson Hayward Bryan, wife of Judge W. S. Bryan, was a

great-granddaughter of William Hayward, member of the Court of

Delegates in 1772. His first known ancestor in America was William

Bryan, from England, who settled in Virginia about 16S9, and after-

wards removed to North Carolina.

Mr. \Y. S. Bryan, .Ir., was born at Baltimore on December 23,

1859. The greater part of his early youth was spent in his native

city, the summer months in the country. He became a student at

the Bethel Military Academy in Virginia, where he received his

preparatory training: and he entered the University of Virginia at

Charlottesville. After his college course had been completed he

determined to study for the bar; and entering his father’s office, he

began to read law. His father was at that time a practicing attorney;

and it was not until his son had begun his professional career that

the father went on the bench, where he served as judge of the Court

of Appeals of Maryland from 1SS3 to 1898.

In the office of the elder Bryan, there was afforded, perhaps, to

the student of law a better opportunity for acquiring a thorough

knowledge of the law and practice than he could have had at a pro-

fessional school. Ho was early impressed with the fact that to

attain success in life hard work was essential, and the^ endeavor to

understand fully whatever one tries to do. The determination

thoroughly to comprehend the thing attempted has been the index

of Mr. Bryan’s professional as wtU as of his public career. In 1882

Mr. Bryan was admitted to the bar of Baltimore, and since that time

he has been practi(‘ing with succe.ss, having achieved an excellent

reputation in his proh'ssion by his unceasing labors and his faithful

devotion to the intm-ests of his clients.

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76 WILLIAM SHEPARD BRYAX, JR.

It is rather as the attorney of a municipality and of a State than

as the counsellor of private individuals, however, that Mr. Bryan is

best known to the people at large. He has been entrusted with

important public offices, and his service in each of these has invari-

ably led to the conviction that he was capable ofdischarging the duties

of more exacting positions. As a consequence, during the period

in which Mr. Bryan has been in the public eye his advance has been

marked and steady. After having been a practicing lawyer for

eight years, he was selected in 1S90, as the counsel to the Election

Supervisors of Jfaltimore,—an office in which he made an excellent

impression on the people of Baltimore. Mr. Bryan acted as coun,-el

of the Supervisors until 1892, in which year he served successively as

city attorney, city counsellor, and city solicitor. He continued in the

last named capacity for three years. In 1903 i\Ir. Bryan was nomi-

nated by the Democratic party of ^laryland for the office of Attorney

General of the State, and was elected at the fall election of that year,

his term running for four years concurrently with that of Governor

Warfield.

In his present office as Attorney-General, Mr. Bryan has found

the widest field for the exercise of his unquestioned talent. As the

head of the legal department of the State, his advice has been promptly

and concisely given whenever sought. His judgment on questions

of law has always been sound; and the legal mind that has been

called upon to render decisions upon que.stions of vital importance

to the State has been supported by a character that is both fearless

and independent. As a lawyer Mr. Bryan is sufficiently professional

to lose jight of politics entirely. At the same time he has been active

in proper ways for his own party. He has worked for the success of

the Democratic party whenever in his opinion such success meant

general advancement of the people’s good.

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DANIEL DAWSON CAROTHERS

C AROTHERS, DANIEL DAWSON, chief engineer of the

Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad Company, was born at Cutler,

Washington county, Ohio, on August 21, 1800, the son of

Rezin Dawson and Elizabeth Bain (Dawson) Carotliers. His

father in early life hail ]:>een a millwright, but later I'lecame a railroad

contractor. lie had a fine mechanical turn of mind, which his son

inherited; and he was noted for his determination and energy. His

ancestors had come to America from Scotland, in colonial days, and

settled in Huntingdon count}', Pennsylvania. Mrs. Rezin Carotliers

was of English extraction, her ancestors having emigrated from Eng-

land to Maryland, subsequently moving to Beaver county, Pennsyl-

vania.

The early life of Daniel Dawson Carothers was passed on a farm

where he was required to do the ‘‘chores'' and odd bits of work which

fall to the lot of a country boy. This early experience tended to

develop both body and mind, and the boy soon showed a strong liking

for work with tools and for everything which pertains to machinery.

His mother exerted a strong influence over hisearly intellectual devel-

opment, giving him his primary schooling, as the neighboring coun-

try schools in those days were poor and the terms of study short. Thelast year or two of i\P.\ Carothers' school life were spent at Bartlett

Academy; later he went to the National Normal University of Lebanon,

Ohio, where he took a special course in engineering, although he did

not enter for a degree.

During the last three years of Mr. Carothers’ college life, he

taught a country school during the winter months. Finally, in 1SS2,

he began his labors in the field which he had chosen for his life-work.

His father was at thio time connected with the Wheeling and Lake

Erie Railroad Company, and the young civil engineer was given

employment as rodman under his father who early impressed upon

him, as the primary necessity for success in business, the spirit which

would “always obey orders." As rodman and assistant engineer,

Mr. Carothers was with the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad in 1SS2.

sudf }<> if^snisâbWr ,ZO«WAa^-aai>!A^ - HHHPTOflTJ^rTC ,

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80 DANIEL DAWSON CAKOTHERS

The next year he entered the employ of the Columbus and Cincinnati

Midland Railroad Company, serving it as assistant engineer, oliiri

engineer and train master. He remained with this company for

seven years until 1890, when he transferred the field of his activity

to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, with which company, or it

subsidiary lines, he has since remained.

When Mr. Carothers entered the service of the Baltimore ami

Ohio in 1890, it was as engineer of maintenance of way of the Balti-

more and Ohio Southwestern, which position he held until 1901.

He then became superintendent of the Baltimore and Ohio at Chicago

;

and two years later, in 1903, he was made general superintendent of

the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Railroad at Cincinnati. In

1904 he was chosen chief engineer of the Baltimore and Ohio RailroaO

at Baltimore, which position he still fills.

Mr. Carothers was married on September 20, ISSS, to Miss Carrie

Leland. They make their home in Baltimore. He is a member of a

number of clubs, both social and professional, and has always taken

an active interest in the American Society of Civil En.gineers. Enter-

ing the service of the Baltimore and Ohio on the eve of a new era in

railroading in America, while the many companies were preparing to

begin such marvelous strides in the way of development, Mr. Caro-

thers has played an important part in the upbuilding of one of the

greatest railroad systems of America. During the years in which he

filled the many important positions to which he was chosen prior to

1904, he was instrumental in directing much of the energy that was

then being devoted to railroad improvement; but it is in his present

position of chief engineer of the Baltimore and Ohio, while the com-

pany has been contemplating even more extensive improvements

than have been undertaken heretofore, that the greatest work of Mr.

Carothers’ public career will undoubtedly be performed.

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DAVID HENRY CARROLLARROLL, DAVID HENRY, D.D., for years a minister of the

Methodist Episcopal Church and since impaired health com-

pelled him to give up the work of the active ministry, in

1872, successively the head of the Methodist Book Depository

in Baltimore (from 1872 to 1888), and president of the Baltimore

City Missionary and Church Extension Society of the Methodist

Episcopal Church from 1885 to 1895, has been since 1882 most

actively identified with the manufacturing and mercantile interests

of Baltimore. He was general manager of the Mount Vernon Cotton

Duck Company from 1882 to 1887, and president of the Laurel Com-

pany from 1886 to 1899, when these mills with others were consolidated

under the name of the Mount Vernon-Woodberry Cotton Duck Com-pany. He is serving his second term as president of the Merchants

and Manufacturers Association of Baltimore; the largest and most

active business men’s association of the city. He is vice-president

and treasurer of the Consolidated Cotton Duck Company; and director

and secretary of the Mount Vernon-Woodberry Cotton Duck Company.His father, David Carroll, was a manufacturer of cotton duck

and a pioneer in that form of manufacturing. He is remembered

for his industry, energy and business success. Mrs. Ann Elizabeth

Carroll was the mother of the subject of this sketch.

David Henry Carroll was born in the suburbs of Baltimore on

the 11th of July, 1840. A slender boy, and rather delicate in health,

he was fond of reading, study and travel. While he was not trained

to any form of manual labor in his boyhood and youth, his father’s

methodical and energetic life had a marked effect upon the son in

forming his own standards and appreciation of work; and throughout

his life he has been actively industrious. The influence of his mother

he feels has been especially strong upon his intellectual and moral

life. He was fond of reading biographies, histories and general liter-

ature. His early education he received in private and public schools,

at the Medfleld Academy in Baltimore county, and in the Light

Street Institute in Baltimore. Entering Dickinson College at Carlisle,

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84 DAVID HENRY CARROLL

Pennsylvania, he was graduated A.B., in 1868. Three year.s later

he received the degree of A.M., and Dickinson College conferred upon

him in 1885 the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity.

In March, 1861, he was received into the Baltimore Conference^

of the Methodist Episcopal Church as a minister of the Gospel. The

choice of this life-work was the result of a deep personal conviction of

duty; but his health did not prove equal to the strain of the severe

work of a pastor and preacher. In 1872, giving up the active ministry

he took a leading part in the formation of the ^lethodist Book Deposi-

tory at Baltimore of which he became the head, and continued to

occupy this position until 18SS, when, because of the pressure of multi-

plied duties, he resigned.

In 1SS2 he became officially identified with the Mount Vernon

Cotton Duck Company acting as general manager until 18S7. His

knowledge of this business led to his election in 1886 as president of

the Laurel Company. In 1899, upon the consolidation of these com-

panies with others under the name of iMount ^Trnon-\Voodberry

Cotton Duck Co., iMr. Carroll became director, member of Executive

Committee and secretary. In 1901 he became vice-president and

secretary of the United States Cotton Duck Corporation.

On July 6, 1865, Mr. Carroll married Miss Mary E. Boyd, daughter

of Andrew Boyd, of Frederick, Maryland.

Early and always identified with the Methodist Episcopal Church,

in addition to the positions named above, Mr. Carroll is president of

the trustees of the American University at Washington, District of

Columbia; vice-president of Morgan College, Baltimore; president of

the Educational Fund of the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist

Episcopal Church; treasurer and trustee of the Baltimore Conference;

treasurer of the Education Society of Baltimore Conference of the

Methodist Episcopal Church and also of the American Methodist

Historical Society. He is also a trustee of Dickinson College. Hewas a delegate to the General Conference of the Methodist Episi opa!

Church in 1888, and in 1904; and he has been “re.serve’’ (or alter-

nate) to several other general conferences. Ho was a delegate to the

Centennial Conference in 1884; and to the Ecumenical Methodist

Conference, in London. England, in 1901.

Actively interested in the manufactures and trade of Baltimore,

in addition to his position as president of the Merchants and Manu-

facturers Association, he is a director in the Continental Trust oi

'iny.Mi nvfhii

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DAVID HENRY CARROLL 85

Baltimore, the Columbian National Life Insurance Company of

Boston, Massachusetts, and in various other business corporations.

He is a director and treasurer of the Hospital for Consumptives of

Maryland; and he is an officer, director or trustee in various other

charitable institutions.

He is a member of the Alpha Beta Kappa Fraternity. He is a

Mason. He is a member of the Merchants Club.

His favorite forms of exercise and relaxation have been riding,

driving and travel. He has traveled extensively throughout the

entire United States; and he has visited Europe for extended tours at

various times. To young citizens who wish to succeed he commends:

‘'Temperance, morality, industry.’' “There are no substitutes for

these; and there is no success worthy of the name without these.”

Doctor Carroll’s address is SOS Continental Trust Building, Balti-

more, Maryland.

WILLIAM COLLINS

C OLLINS, WILLIAM, is by profession a lawyer and received

in 1903 the honorary degree of LL.D. from the Nashville

College of Law; but by choice and occupation he is a ]^Iary-

land farmer. He has been six times elected a member of the Mary-

land House of Delegates, and has served on many important com-

mittees.

He was born at his father’s place, “Frankfort,” near Trappe.

in Talbot county, Maryland, on the 19th of December, 1854. Ili.'-

father, William Collins, was a planter, tax collector and trustee of the

poor for his town and county—a man of marked energy and pei-

severance, and of sound character. His mother was Mrs. Leah S.

(Griffin) Collins. The first known ancestor of his family and name

in America was a William Collins who came from England in early

colonial days and settled in Philadelphia. His descendants removed

to Talbot county, of the Eastern Shore of Maryland. His mother’s

family, the Griffins, were of Scotch and Welsh descent, and had settled

in Dorchester county. His mother’s grandfather was a member of

the Maryland Line in the Revolutionary War, took part in the battles

of Long Island, Trenton and Brand}Avine, and served in the South

with General Gates, and at Yorktown.

In his boyhood he was slight and delicate in health, but he was

fond of out-of-door life, and was early taught to do light tasks in

farm labor, especially in his vacations from school, and on Saturdays.

He was exceedingly fond of riding; and he strengthened his musck'

and his self-control by assisting, while still a boy, in the breaking

and training of horses upon his father’s farm. His father’s loss of

his slaves by emancipation, and the demoralized condition of labor,

which attended and followed the Civil War, compelled his with-

drawal from regular attendance at school while he was still a young

boy. He was kept at home during the busy seasons of the year, to

help in work upon the farm; and after he was graduated from the

Trappe high school, his father’s financial loss prevented any attempt

to secure a liberal education at college.

f

V

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^!Ik.

WT[LLIAM COLLINS 89

He taught school for two years in Dorchester and Talbot coun-

ties. He was strongly drawn to the career of a soldier; and he received

an appointment to West Point; but he could not meet the require-*

ments of the physical examination. At twenty he began the study

of law with United States Senator Charles H. Gibson, then State's

Attorney. Associating himself with the late I. C. W. Powell, of

Easton, he practiced law actively for four or five years; but it became

evident to his friends and medical advisers that his health required

a more active out-of-door life, and he deliberately chose the occupa-

tion of farming, going into agriculture as a profession, and studying

scientific agriculture for immediate application to his own work in

farming. He soon bei^an to be recognized as one of the most pro-

gressive and successful farmers of his county and state.

He has retained his place as a member of the Maryland bar; and

since early manhood he has taken a deep interest in the politics of

his state. He was elected to the Maryland Legislature as a Demo-crat in 1890, and was reelected in 1892, 1894, 1900, 1901 and in 1904.

While a member of the Maryland House of Delegates he served on a

number of important committees, among them the Committee on the

Judiciary, the Committee on Agriculture, on the Chesapeake Bay, on

Rules, on Claims, the Committee on Federal Relations, on Engrossed

Bills, etc., and he acted as chairman of several of these committees.

During his legislative career he was the leader and fearless champion

of the oystermen in their contest against the syndicate who endeav-

ored to get control of the oyster beds of the state. He was a vigorous

supporter of the Hayes Assessment bill in 1894. In 1890 he opposed

the leasing of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal to a syndicate.

Mr. Collins was one of the organizers of the Talbot County Fair

Association; he was a member and has been president of the Talbot

County Farmers Alliance; he is a director in the Farmers and Mer-

chants National Bank of Easton; and of the Savings Bank of Trappe;

and he has been prominent in the social functions of his county.

In politics he has always been allied with the Democratic party.

He is a Mason. He is a member of the Society of the Sons of the

American Revolution. He has written and published some pam-phlets on agricultural subjects, and upon the cpiestion of taxation.

By religious faith and conviction he is identified with the Protes-

tant Episcopal Church; and he is vestryman, and registrar of his

parish, and frecjuently a delegate to the Diocesan Convention; and

h/JJJO'J KaUJIW

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alaan/i''l yini/oO

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I'Hi: ; n<d)/iovno-} ftwsaabKI od) o) /. vlJifOopoiT fann ,dgn/iiq

90 WILLIAM COLLINS

he was a lay deputy to the General Conventions at Washington, D. C\,

and at San Francisco.

On the 14th of November, 1899, Mr. Collins married Miss Ellen

Eccleston Martin, daughter of the late Wm. B. Martin and Rebecca

Eccleston Martin of Talbot county, Maryland. They -have had two

children, both of whom are living in 1907.

His favorite forms of amusement and relaxation have been

horseback riding and fishing. The life work of Mr. Collins is an

example of the far reaching influence of a man who has chosen to

devote his attention to agriculture, and has studied the best methods

of farming, while he has had the training, the outlook upon business

life, and the interest in public affairs which are given a man by the

study and the practice of the law.

I

I

rI-

DAVID MARVEL REYNOLDS CULBRETH

IT has only been in comparatively recent years that doctors and

surgeons have come to appreciate fully the importance of a

thoroughly trained pharmaceutical profession. Not so very long

ago it was a common failing to regard the compounding and dispensing

of drugs simply as a trade, on a par with any other commercial busi-

ness; instead as of a profession closely allied with that of the physi-

cian. It is a matter of no little wonder that the public should for

so long have lost sight of the fact that the doctor can perform in but

a very unsatisfactory way his task of healing, without intelligent

cooperation on the part of those who prepare the medicines. But

when the campaign for revolutionizing the standard of qualifications

and requirements of druggists began, the matter was pushed ener-

getically and great results were accom_plished with dispatch.

In the battle for the elevation of the profession of pharmacists

Dr. Culbrcth, of Baltimore, was especially active. Entering the

drug business at a time when the training required was by no means

extensive, he promptly began on his own account a systematic course

of study, that had as its aim the most thorough preparation of him-

self for his business. Holding his diploma as a graduate pharamacist

—

which w^as generally regarded as sufficient evidence of learning for

the druggist—he still sought to study all such subjects kindred

to that of pharmacy os would perfect him for his calling.

David Marvel Reynolds Culbreth was born at the Reynolds

homestead. Golden Ridge, near Willow Grove, Delaware, December

4, 1S56, the only child of Robert Baynard Culbreth and Sarah

Gilder Reynolds. His father, for many years a prominent farmer

and fruit grower of Caioline county, still lives there in retirement.

He has attained an unusual age, having been born February 20,

1819. Although always an active Democrat, he shrank from holding

any public office, but he has under pressure, served his native county

in several positions of trust. Twice he represented Caroline countyin the house of delegates— 1S7G and 1SS4.

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Ti

94 DAVID MARVEL REYNOLDS CULBRETH

Tradition has it that three Culbreth brothers, of Scotch-Irish

descent, came to America in 1763, as assistants to the English sur-

veyors, Mason and Dixon, who surveyed the boundary between

Maryland and Pennsylvania. Private records, however, in pos-

session of the family indicate that the coming of the Culbreths was

about 1700 and that they took up an original grant of land called

Robinson’s Plantation at the headwaters of the Choptank river,

nearly equal portions of which lay in Caroline county; ^laryland,

and Kent county, Delaware. Among the prominent members of

the family in America may be mentioned Thomas Culbreth (1786-

1843), who was delegate in the General Assembly of Maryland, 1813-

1814; representative in the XV and X\L congresses, 1817-1820,

and clerk to the executive Council of ]»Iaryland, 1825-1838; and

George S. Culbreth, ^I. D., who entered the medical corps of the

United States Xavy, and was lost on the U. S. S. Hurori, off Xorth

Carolina, October, 1877. Dr. Culbreth, on his mother’s side also

enjoys relations of some distinction—Luther M. Reynolds, for manyyeai-s a prominent lawyer of Baltimore, and Ex-Governor Robert

J. Reynolds of Delaware, were uncles, while William H. Gilder, the

explorer, and Richard Watson Gilder, the poet and editor of the

‘‘Century Magazine,” are his cousins.

As a child. Dr. Culbreth had a strong inclination for books. His

early life was passed on the home farm “Robinson’s Plantation.”

He attended a public school three miles distant from his home and

no matter how inclement the weather, was most faithful in walking

this distance, not missing a session during several years. In his

earlier years, history was his favorite study, but later he developed

a preference for science. When out of school he performed the manysmall duties usually falling to tlie lot of a boy in a country home.

He studied at Felton Seminary, Delaware, two years, and then

entered the University of Virginia (1872), from which he was grad-

uated in 1877.

He then secured a position in a retail drug and manufacturing

establishment in Baltimore, and in the autumn of the same year

matriculated at the ^Maryland College of Pharmacy, from which he

was graduated in 1879. During this course. Dr. Culbreth received the

junior class prize for proficiency in all branches, and in the senior

year he was the president of the class and the recipient of two

prizes. After graduation ho took charge of the college laboratory

[jTvi VI Ma JO haao'/ yaw awvJUK aivAa? PS'^3

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•/lomiodftl oaoltoa 0 . 1 ) Vo .-i.-.do doo) od noiiftitoftto '‘' ilA

DAVID MARVEL REYNOLDS CULBRETH 95

course for three months during the absence of the professor of chem-

istry. In the spring of ISSO, he established a retail drug business

in Baltimore, and continued it until 1893, since which time he has

devoted himself alone to his professional teaching. He was married

April 26, 1894, to ^liss. Lizzie Gardner.

Dr. Culbreth was always very fond of the chemical side of phar-

macy, and, although he gave a careful supervision to his drug business

in every detail, he busied himself chiefly, during his career as a

pharmacist, in the laboratory, experimenting on and manufacturing

various preparations.

Early in his business life he was afforded an opportunity for a

special study of vegetable drugs and the plants yielding them. For

this investigation he considered a knowledge of medicine essential.

In 1881 he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti-

more, and was graduated in 1883. He pursued the study of vege-

table histology and botany for some years under the guidance of

Professors H. Newell Martin, of Johns Hopkins University, and

George L. Smith, of the State Normal School. The Maryland Col-

lege of Pharmacy appointed Dr. Culbreth professor of microscopy

and practical botany, in 1885, and two years later (February, 1887)

he was made ‘^professor of botany, materia medica and pharma-

cognosy,” which chair he still retains—the institution since 1904

being a department of the University of Maryland. In 1897, he

became professor of materia medica and pharmacognosy in the med-

ical and dental departments of the University of Maryland—a posi-

tion he held for nine years. He published “Pharmaceutic Botany”

in 1893 and 1905; and “^lateria Medica and Pharmacology” in 1896-

1900-1903-1906 and is also author of “Materia Medica Compend”

(1905) and of numerous papers and essays in technical journals. Heserved several terms as commissioner of pharmacy and practical chem-

istry, having been consecutively appointed by Governors Jackson,

Brown and Lowndes. As he later came to consider the law under

which he performed his duties ineffective, he resigned the position

in 1900. He is a member of the American Academy of Medicine,

the Academy of Science, the State Pharmaceutical Association, and a.

trustee of the Margaret J. Bennett Home.

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RICHARD COULTER DRUM

Drum, RICHARD coulter, it is safe to assume that a

man who, despite the fact that he may net have pursued

the prescribed courses at the United States Military Acad-

emy, nor received at any other recognized military school a technical

training in the art of war, has succeeded in making rapid and steady

advancement in the United States ArrnVj finally reaching the rank

of adjutant-general, must have possessed in a very large measure

those qualities which make for success in the career of a soldier.

General Drum has accomplished this. Lacking the stamp of WestPoint and having never attended a military school, by sheer force of

ability, he has forged ahead to one of the highest positions attainable

in the military service of the United States.

Richard Coulter Drum was born /it Greensburg, Westmoreland

county, Pennsylvania, on May 2S, 1825, the son of Simon Drum, Jr.,

and Agnes (Lang) Drum. The family was originally of Scotch extrac-

tion; but members of it came to Pennsylvania from the Palatinate in

Germany about 1732. Simon Drum, the General’s father, kept a

general merchandise store at Greensburg and also served as post-

master of that town. The boy received his primary education at the

public schools of his native village, and afterward studied at the

Greensburg Academy and at Jefferson College at Cannonsburg,

Pennsylvania. He was graduated from the latter institution, and

beginning a business career he learned the trade of printer. In those

days the printing office was an excellent practical school for a youngman, no matter what his ultimate aim as to a business or professional

career might be; and many of the leaders who have won prominence

in various walks of life were graduates from the printer’s office.

Here Mr. Drum acquired his love for books, with a decided preference

for historical and biographical works.

In early youth he had manifested a strong liking for everything

pertaining to military affairs. When the War between the United

States and Mexico began, General Drum needed no special invitation,

to forsake his business and join the army. He had even then an

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100 RICHARD COULTER DRUM

ambition to make for himself a place in the military history of his

country; but he was content to begin at the very bottom and work

up. He enlisted as a private in Company K of the 1st Pennsyl-

vania Volunteers, on December 8, 1846; and he was soon en route for

the Mexican frontier. On February 18, 1847, he was commissioned

a second lieutenant, and took part in the siege of Vera Cruz. Healso engaged in the battle of Chapultepec, and in the campaign w^hich

resulted in the capture of the City of Mexico; and for his bravery

he was brevetted first lieutenant. During the ^lexican War, Lieuten-

ant Drum was transferred to the artillery branch of the regular ser-

vice; and upon the conclusion of peace he returned with our army to

the United States.

While stationed in Louisiana, Lieutenant Drum was married,

September 25, 1850, to Lavinia Morgan, daughter of Thomas Gibbs

Morgan, of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, by whom he is the father of

two daughters: Mrs. Erwin W. Tarr, of Pennsylvania, and Mrs.

Hughes Oliphant, of New Jersey, later of Washington, D. C.

In 1855, when General Harney led an expedition against the

Sioux Indians, Lieutenant Drum wms in the party, and took part in

the engagement at Bluewater, Nebraska. Subsequently General

Harney appointed him his aide-de-camp, in which capacity he served

during the remainder of the campaign. From 1856 to 1858, Lieu-

tenant Drum was in command of an improvised light battery dur-

ing Colonel Summer’s operations against Topeka, Kansas. He also

served as aide-de-camp to General Persifor F. Smith and as acting

assistant adjutant-general 'atLeadquarters, Depart inent’of the North-

west. Later he served as adjutant in the artillery school.

Before the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Lieutenant Drumwas appointed assistant adjutant-general of the United States Armywith the rank of brevet-captain. His service during the conflict

between North and South called for repeated recognition from Wash-

ington. On May 14, 1861, he was made captain; on August 3 of the

same year he was advanced to major; ancUon the 17th of July, 1862,

he was again promoted lieutenant-colonel. Toward the close of the

war Colonel Drum was brevetted, March 13, 1865, brigadier-general,

for gallantry and ‘distinguished service during the four years of

conflict.

He was stationed at Philadelphia from 1866 to 1867. In the

following year, he was again called into active service, in rcconstruc-

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RICRARD COULTER DRUM 101

tion duties; and he went to Atlanta, Georgia, in 18G8, to serve under

General Meade. On the 22d of February, 1869, Brigadier-General

Drum was promoted colonel, and on June 15, 18S0, he succeeded

General Townsend, upon the retirement of the latter, as adjutant-

general of the army. During the railway riots in Chicago in 1877

General Drum was in command of the military forces there.

General Drum completed forty-tliree years of active military

service in 1889, when he was placed upon the retired list. He was

largely instrumental in founding the Army Mutual Aid .Association,

the object of which is to accord immediate relief to the widows and

orphans of deceased brother officers. He has been president of this

association for over twenty years, and has always taken an active

part in its monthly and annual meetings. It was General Drum whoin 1887 first made the recommendation to President Cleveland that

the battle flags captured during the Civil War be restored to the Con-

federate States. Eighteen years passed by before the recommenda-

tion then made was acted upon. In 1905 Congress unanimously

voted in favor of the suggestion.

General Drum is a member of the Masonic Order, and of the

Loyal Legion; and he is one of the charter members of the Aztec Club

(survivors of the Mexican War). He is passing the evening of his

active life on his farm at Bethesda, Montgomery county, Maryland.

The village is just outside the boundry of the District of Columbia and

about five miles from the White House. He is very fond of his farm

ci.nd garden, and spends much of his time out of doors. Since retir-

ing from active military life he has shown much public spirit in the

various enterprises that mark the progress of the section in which

he makes his home.

HUGH LATIMER ELDERDICE

ELDEHDICE, HUGH LATIMER, D.D., president of West-

minster Theological Seminary at Westminster, Carroll county,

Maryland, was born at Carlisle, Cumberland county, Penn-

sylvania, on the 24th of July, I860. He is the son of Rev. James

Martin Elderdice and ]vlrs. Matilda Jane Elderdice. His father was for

forty-four years an itinerant minister in the Maryland conference of the

Methodist Protestant Church; and is affectionately remembered for

his modesty, his frugality and industry, and his deep and fervent

piety. Hugh Elderdice, the father of James Martin, came from

Armagh county, Ireland, and settled in Frederick county, Maryland.

Hugh’s mother was a Stuart of Scotland.

In his childhood he had absolutely perfect health; and like other

healthy boys he was fond of fishing, swimming, hunting, and all

out-of-door athletic sports. Part of his boyhood was passed in the

village, part in the city, and much of it in the country. He was

early taught to make himself useful about his home; and he had

given him regular tasks which made him, as he says, ‘‘stable boy,

master of the woodpile, and hand in the harvest field, clerk in the

store, and later, country school-teacher.” The effect upon his char-

acter of these regular duties, undertaken as a help to the family and

for self-support, was to make him “self-reliant and ashamed of no

form of honest toil.” The influence of his parents was “preemi-

nently strong upon his spiritual life,” and shaped his religious creed

and conduct.

Whatever else he might not be able to do, such a minister as

Hugh Elderdice’s father was sure to open the way to college for his

son. After attending the public schools Hear his home, he entered

the Western Maryland College, and in 1882, was graduated with the

degree of A.B. Three years later he received from his alma mater

the degree of A.M. From 1882 to 1884 he was in attendance at the

Yale Divinity School at New Haven, Connecticut. At the beginning

of the Senior year he was called home by the death of his father to

take his pulj»lt and care for the mother and younger children. After

HUGH LATIMER ELDERDICE 105

preaching for five years he returned to Yale in September, 1889 and

was graduated therefrom in 1890, with the degree of Bachelor of

Divinity.

When he was seventeen he began to teach school in Bedford

county, Pennsylvania. After one year of teaching, he took up the

study of medicine. Then the door to a college course was opened

before him. Under Divine guidance, as he firmly believes, he decided

upon the ministry as his life-work.

From 1885 to 1897 he was pastor and preacher in the Maryland

Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church. In the latter year

he became president of the Theological Seminary at Westminster,

Maryland. From 1900 to 1904 he served as secretary of the General

Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church. His relations with

the Methodist Protestant Church have been close; and he has been

honored by his fellow-Christians in that church with the position of

secretary of their highest governing body, the General Conference,

and by his election in 1897 to the presidency of the Westminster

Theological Seminary, a position which he still fills, with growing

ability and ever widening influence. In 1899, St. John’s College,

Maryland, conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of

Divinity.

On the 3d of June, 1891, he married Miss Annabel Smith. Theyhave had two children, a daughter and a son, both of whom are

living in 1907.

Dr. Elderdice is known as an ardent advocate of temperance; and

he is a member of the Prohibition party.

In manhood, as in boyhood, he has been fond of out-of-door

exercises, and especially of fishing, lawn-tennis and horseback riding.

He has taken courses of physical culture, in the gymnasiums of the

Young Men’s Christian Association, as well as at college.

When asked to make from his own experience and observation

suggestions to the young people of his state who wish to succeed in

life, President Elderdice says: ^AVhat will most help young people

to attain true success is, first, the Bible teaching (Proverbs III, 5-0)

‘Trust in the Lord with all thine heart, and lean not unto thine ownunderstanding; in all thy ways acknowledge Him, and He shall

direct thy paths.’ And second, this motto: •* Do not shirk; lead the

van; plan your work; work your plan.’”

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ADOLPHUS FEARHAKE

FEARHAKE, ADOLPHUvS, was bom at Frederick, Frederick

county, ^Taryland, April 23, 1840. He is the son of Adol-

phus and Elizabeth Fearhake. His father was a man of

sturdy and upright character whose parents came from Germanyabout 17S3. His moth^'r’s ancestors came from Germany and Eng-

land some time during Colonial times, settling in ^laryland. For

several generations i\Ir, Fearhake’s family has lived in Frederick

county. He received Jus early education in the primary schools and

at the Frederick college. He was taken from school when but four-

teen or fifteen years of age, Early in life he was admitted to the bar

as an attorney-at-law, though he had begun active life as a land

surveyor, when sixteen or seventeen }Tars of age. In 18G7 he was

elected surveyor of Frederick county, which position he resigned to

become deputy law clerk in the office of the clerk of the Circuit Court

of the county. This position he held until 1879, when he was elected

clerk of the Circuit Court for Frederick county, which office he held

for six years. Since the close of his term as clerk he has served as

deputy of the clerk and law clerk. His long service in the office has

given him a store of information with reference to its affairs, and his

unfailing courtesy has made his services of great value to ail persons

having business with the clerk.

In 1877, on the sixth of June, he married Agnes Elliott; they

have had no children. Mr. Fearhake has devoted much time to

church and lodge work. During the Civil War he was a private in the

Confederate army from 18G2 to the close of the conflict. He is a

Mason, having held the offices of Worshipful Master of the Lodge, and

High Priest of the Chapter. He was also Eminent Commander of

the Commandery of the Knights Templar, and is a Patron of the

Eastern Star. In politics, Mr. Fearhake is a Democrat, and he

affiliates with the Methodist Episcopal church. As a help in life he

oilers these thoughts, “Sobriety (abstaining from intoxicants); good

companionship (associating with the best and most re})utable people):

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ADOLPHUS FEARHAKE 107

usefulness (no loiterer or idler, but keeping always at work);helpful-

ness (ready to assist by voice, pen, or means, any good work).

Above all, trying to be a consistent Christian.'’

THOMAS FELL

Fell, THOMAS, president of St. John’s College, Maryland, was

born in Liverpool, England, on July 15, 1851. His father,

after whom he was named, had been a staff surgeon in the

English army, and was killed in Russia during the Crimean War, in

1855. As a boy, much of his time was spent in the country, where he

led a healthy and vigorous life such as is common to the country boy

who is devoted to out-of-door sports: and he gave a considerable part

of each day to reading and study. His early education was received

at the Royal Institution school, at Liverpool, where he was enrolled

from 1857 to 1S6G. After com.pleting his preparatory studies he

went to London, and in I860 was matriculated at King’s College.

During his college course he gave much time to the study of

languages and metaphysics. After four years spent in attendance

at King’s College, he studied for three or four years more at the Uni-

versity of London, and in 1874 he became a student at the University

of Munich for a year.

Dr. Fell entered the profession of teaching by accident rather

than by deliberate choice. He began his active work in life in a

fiduciary capacity in England, from 1876 to 1880 serving as lay-

reader under the Bishop of London. For tAvo years thereafter he was

a first lieutenant in Her Majesty’s volunteer forces; and in 1882 he

came to America. In the United States he began his career as an

educator by accepting the chair of ancient languages at New Windsor

College, in 1884, where he continued for the next two years.

Dr. Fell Avas chosen president of St. John’s College in 1886; and

he has served the uniATrsity in that capacity continuously eA’er since.

When he AA’ent to the Annapolis institution, St. John’s College had

as brilliant a history as any educational institution in the state.

Founded in 1784, during a large part of the first century of its life,

it had been the training school at Avhich many of the most talented

and many of the most fashionable young men of Maryland receiATd

their education. But the city of Annapolis had gradually lost manyof the features Avhich in earlier days had attracted students to the

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I

THOMAS FELL 111

state capital; and the college in consequence was slowly losing its

prominence.

Immediately upon assuming the presidency, Dr. Fell set about

regaining for the institution some of its lost prestige, while he also

sought to make its financial condition more secure. During his

administration the average enrollment of students has been greatly

increased. The discipline of the school has been considerably im-

proved, and the curriculum has been strengthened. At the same

time all the older buildings have been repaired and put into first-class

condition, and two new structures have been recently added—

a

scientific laboratory, and a mess hall room. Much attention has

been given to athletic and oratorical contests of the college, and the

reputation of St. John’s has steadily grown. Furthermore, through

the efforts of Dr. Fell, the long existing mortgage debt of the college,

amounting to thirty thousand dollars, has been completely wiped

out.

The final accomplishment of his administration was the merging

of St. John’s College with the University of Maryland, of Baltimore;

an institution which, like St. John’s College, had known a more bril-

liant past, and had supported several departments of high standing.

The University of Maryland, in former years, had maintained an

academic department; but this had been abandoned, while the law

school, and the medical, and dental, and pharmacy departments of

the university were all of a high grade.

Dr. Fell is an active member of the American Philological Associ-

ation, the American Academy of Political Science, and the National

Educational Association. He belongs to the Phi Sigma KappaFraternity, to the University Club of Baltimore, and to the Cliosophic

Society of Princeton University. President Fell was married on

April 20, 18S1, to Miss Isabella L. Hunter, by whom he has had four

children, two of whom are now living.

The good work which has been accomplished by St. John’s Col-

lege during the past twenty years, is due in great measure to the able

administration of President Fell. While the progress which the

institution has made under his direction bears testimony to his effi-

ciency as a teacher and an executive; the fact that the downwardtendency of the college was so promptly arrested during the first

years of his presidency bears equally strong testimony to his ability

as organizer and financier.

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112 THOMAS FELL

In 1889, Hampden-Sidney College,of Virginia, conferred upon

President Fell the degree of Doctor of Laws; from St. John’s College

he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy; and in

1907 he was similarly honored by the University of the South with

the degree of Doctor of Civil Law.

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NORVAL EMMET FOARD

NORVAL EMMFJT FOARD, journalist, Baltimore city, was

born June 10, 1337, in Alexandria, Virginia, then a part of

the District of Columbia. His father, Joseph W. Foard, was

a native of ^lontgomery county, ^lar}Jand. His mother was Jane

Eliza Zimmerman, a native of Fairfax county, Virginia, Avho died in

Baltimore iNIaiTh 9. 1904. aged mnety-two years. His father died

in Alexandria. Adrginia, in lSo7, aged fifty-seven years. His early

education was received in private schools in Charleston, South Caro-

lina, where his parents lived from 1S44 to 1S52. He completed his

studies at St. John’s academy, in Alexandria, Virginia, of which

institution Reverend Richard L. Came was the principal, before his

ordination as a priest of the R,ornan Catholic church. In this school

Mr. Foard was a teacher for several years, while pursuing his ownstudies in the higher branches. He was, for a short while after leav-

ing school, employed in the clerk’s office of the county court of Alex-

andria, and for several years was the librarian of the Alexandria

library, which gave him excellent opportunity for literary studies.

This library, founded in 1794, was a rare collection of English litera-

ture for the whole period from its establishment up to about the year

1840. During the Federal occupation of the city, from 1861 to 1865,

the library was looted by the soldiers and its books scattered all over

the country.

When he was twenty years of age, in the latter part of 1857,

Mr. Foard engaged himself as a reporter on the Baltimore “ Republi-

can,” an afternoon paper, the successor of the ‘‘Argus,” and pub-

lished by the late Beale H. Richardson. In this connection he

reported the proceedings of the courts, including a series of exciting

prosecutions in Baltimore city and county, growing out of the KnowNothing disorders, which then agitated the city and the country.

The judges on the bench of the Criminal Court of the city were Henry

Stump and then Hugh Lennox Bond; in Baltimore county, John^H.

Price.

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114 NORVAL EMMET FOARD

Active newspaper work in Baltimore during the Know Nothing

reign was an exciting experience every day of the week, and Sunday,

too. It was succeeded by the still greater excitements of the Civil

War and the incidents leading up to that great struggle.

From the afternoon newspaper on which he was engaged in

1857-58 Mr. Foard went to ‘‘The Exchange,” in which Messrs.

Wallis, Howard, Kerr, Hall, Fitzhugh, Carpenter, Simpson K.

Donovan and others were engaged, fighting against the abuses of

local misgovernment and for the restoration of order. Some exciting

months were spent on the local staff of this paper, under the immediate

direction of the late Mr. Thomas W. Hall, who was in the position of

what is now designated as “ the City Editor.”

From “The Exchange” Mr. Foard was transferred to the edito-

rial department of the “American,” by Mr. Charles C. Fulton, whohad then just returned from his first visit to Europe; and toward the

close of the year ISGO, when the legislature of South Carolina and the

Constitutional Convention of that State assembled in Columbia, he

engaged with Mr. Pelham's paper, “The Guardian,” of that city, in

reporting the legislative proceedings.

When the exodus from Columbia to Charleston took place, with

small-pox as the excuse, he followed the migrating bodies and wrote

a series of letters to “The Baltimore American.” He was present as

a correspondent in the South Carolina State Convention when the

Ordinance of Secession was passed December 20, 1860, and remained

for a month or two in Charleston, which was then a center of national

interest and solicitude. He sent the first news to the North of the

failure of the Star of the West to relieve the garrison of Fort Sumter,

after the United States troops had been withdrawn from Fort Moul-

trie. The firing on the relief ship was perhaps the first overt act of

the war, and the news was discredited at the North until inquiry

proved its authenticity. In sending this despatch Mr. Foard was

acting as an assistant to the then Charleston Agent of the Associated

Press, Mr. Laidler, who was not in position to assume responsibility

for such work at such a time. He made a trip by sea to New York

with a Georgia friend to purchase arms, and wrote letters to the

Charleston “Courier” on the business stagnation and political situa-

tion in the commercial metropolis.

In April, 1861, he returned to Charleston by rail, having his

baggage examined by the customs officers of the state at the north-

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NORVAL EMMET FOARD 115 •

ern boundary of South Carolina. He was a witness and a chronicler

of the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter. As a member

of the Charleston “ Courier staff he went to Montgomery, Alabama,

where he had the opportunity of witnessing the signing of the Ordi-

nance of Secession of that state, and reported the doings of the Pro-

visional Congress of the Confederacy; the inauguration of Jefferson

Davis as the provisional President; the framing of the constitution,

and went with the exodus to Richmond, Virginia, when the seat of

the Confederate Government was transferred from the banks of the

Mobile river to the banks of the James in the Old Dominion.

It was the good fortune of Mr. Foard to know and to have the

advice, the friendship and guidance in his newspaper work of Vice-

President Alexander H. Stephens, who always, throughout his whole

life, took an interest in young men and helped them in every way.

Still holding a connection with the “Courier” as correspondent,

Mr. Foard went to Fairfax Court House, Virginia, and was in the

village when Marr was killed by the Federal cavalry raiders. Hewrote up the incidents of the attack at Vienna Station by Gregg, with

his South Carolina regiment of infantry and Kemper’s Alexandria

artillery, on Schenck’s Ohio troops cooped up in their cars. OnManassas Plains he joined Company A, 17th Virginia regiment.

Captain Norton Marye, and was engaged in the preliminary skirmish

and in the First Manassas or Bull Run battle, and other engagements.

On being honorably discharged, he went to Richmond, and

engaged for a time in newspaper work. He was appointed clerk of

the Roanoke Island Investigating Committee of the Confederate

congress and then a clerk in the 'Treasury Department. He had

charge of the printing of the Confederate bonds, fifty cent notes and

postage stamps, in the establishment at the corner of Ninth and ^lain

streets; was transferred to the quartermaster’s department at Au-

gusta, Georgia, where he remained until the close of the war, under

L. O. Bridewell, major and quartermaster, in connection with the

depot of supplies and extensive manufactories of the Government

there.

Returning to Baltimore, Mr. Foard, in May, 1865, became con-

nected with the editorial staff of the “Sun,” in which employment

he has continued uninterruptedly ever since. In coming back to

Maryland it was again to engage in the excitements incident to the

reconstruction period, for there was a reconstruction period in Mary-

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liBnmtyik vtiraffniiaiq ofil at nii^tqaO /|.Elnam%aj*(70ibdlo' bira iSfilljd. im% odi nl bnabn/i ,I<tfoa:d0 jE’ el ^fiiedvflO

lo >lT-.jio WflSckitfij lol baga^ndoia-T^fodi0ob mU *0^

, a^foxiaoil' r odi ,,J]:•: .bt.ii oti '0irgj^9iT;;?>4C,,;O '-4a^ld*'«;”'«atil^bnjs 8s^:âop "jd

bxiii«j>Jon Inoo^lieri *abrrod;i^niS^fal^^ odl loôgiaddirjBU i ni: AMniC loiainoD aiil ja n : ,sqmAH agaJaoqii^-uL U: ca^mmq'îi ^ aaw V-loaila ',

lohnjj îi:w 9ri) loityebJa sdj Ul/ii/ bîilanio!:i 94 »iiisT09D,,a)8J;r3

mi dihf noli^nmo ni htw^-iolfca JhT/obhB .0 .J ’

,ij

tno/nfriAvoil od^ io S^hojoaiuncia eeilqque lo loqofa*^"

-1105 <Htrsioitd ,C08i .114 âniintflafl i;!*

ijwm^COiqmo ihld;n at diiw boioon I

9dl ot laobioû

Ilf) NORVAL EMMET FOARD

land no less important than in the States south of the Potomac.

The “Sun” emplo\x‘d ail its forces, great and small, to dispossess the

junta which had possession of Maryland and put its government

again in the hands of the people. The Constitution of 1867 came

with the reaction followed by the enfranchisement of ex-rebels.

Of course, it goes without saying that Mr. Foard is in politics a

Democrat. He did not vote for Breckenridge in I860. He was not

a secessionist. He cast in Maryland his first vote for president for

the Stephen A. Douglas electors. On Manassas Plains a year or so

afterward, wearing tlie gray uniform, he voted for Jefferson Davis,

and subsequently in ^Maryland for Horace Greeley.

In June, 1882, he married Miss Emily J. Alrdin, daughter of

Doctor \ViIliam W. NJrdin of Harford county, of which union there

were three children, one son, Arthur Y. Foard, and two daughters.

Emily J. and Katharine Ellis Foard.

Thoroughly identified with ^laryland by ancestry and love of

this land of toleration and its people, Mr. Foard has quietly and unob-

trusiveh" devoted himself in many ways to the promotion of its

interests. At the same time he has ever cherished a warm affection

for Charleston and the State of South Carolina, where the early and

impressionable period of his boyhood was passed. In all the manydepressing changes Charleston has undergone, in peace and in war.

in the trying periods of reconstruction, he has sympathized with, and

aided in, the recuperative efforts in every way. Two days after the

earthquake of August 31, 1886, he was in Charleston in the discharge

of his duties as staff correspondent of the “'Sun.” No doubt South

Carolina methods of education and influences, experienced in early

life, molded and fitted him to a large extent for much of his life work

as a journalist. Governor Smith appointed him April 19, 1901, on

the Maryland Commission for the Charleston Exposition.

The Baltimore Morning “Herald” of Saturday, September 12,

1903, said editorially:

“If anyone were to ask the average Marylander who is the best

known working newspaper man in the state, the reply in nine cases

out of ten would be Mr. Norval E. Foard of the Baltimore “Sun.”

For Mr. Foard has done all sorts of newspaper work and ho has done

it in all parts of the state and in many parts of other states. His

beginning the business antedates the Civil War, and he is as indus-

trious and energetic today as he was nearly fifty years ago when he

rai/.ua .ihvnoic

.viffjou^^l 9ii^ V) oflt nr mil'll on teel

i>;I^Ô'^qwh urm;j ,^«3îy4 bli J|4

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dat4*/» Tf)ii{ io norî iftRiioO oiIT

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U)) )m>bi&!7iq *iot ^107 .Mft ml aIni;U m imoa- I'l iit^v a ^rti^n iiO .vwih'jls' ^-v'

'

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‘m-v/i, ) tn) i)ii/‘l 7;f^f.U^^(H.'4^«^^}«» i^nlôuL ,nrlrtr7

^1’ Jil} itoiali rloi/f n V'

ri vliM^l *)il

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i h^

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\t) nffifomvn^ 'jih oi fivjtw X£*^n? m li^.mMln

«-!<} '& 1 ^ aJ a . ^ r . . J w«. i I ... ' A jiM. Iks J’i’'A -' A' >JS . .1.^'jtt .>. .k.u.' .. a

/..*>jrgvTtX] mi4w A b".»ilcihoi^j !IW9 oil fft^:

baa vJziiB 9fiy 07*i^w ,-BffrlmftO li^wo^ V^ oM:!^ o/!iiît|; nr

. HJ!7f bo^ctmi i-rd4o 7)bit^^g|^!>Q di .ofKJjfiof >iu; sad'^jToiAa/l^

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. fW|tnv8 9il;j,âbfl’*>.in:ls_noob^ nl

Jifi latT/i fcVdb 07/1 * Prh<r'^^

oHj di iwyf^lMxdb bi Aru od ,>i

thuo'd jTiLob o7. odd. To ^vjuia 01 l-f'dioh»j(X^.,^g»rlodllTri'bud noif,dOi:rf|,^fe

- ^-'’-‘^”"=“ -

>liov/ oTIl 8dl lo il'»0(ii jo] tffbj/o jyjtift||j

no ,UMH ^&f IhqA fiiifi boJnioqci! diuttH luoioVoO ’.fsJloqTJ/oi a m >

.iioili?oqzjr dod8‘»ididlj-odt

tfc‘xf odJ ?i ofl7/ 7*^t*nfil'^nl/i oinoynygrlJ d«i3

ofMsjQ'!)i Odin ni \lqoT oil I ,otau od j ui actn *i‘y^nq^^fHf^pniôvr•dd'i'* ,3({s To liinq’i .M Jliio

^K)b guid od hm: j{ww TOf|^^ÔH T*r fthoe ll&ndb^^^^?jiH i^jdjty To ?n/uf Yrndg ni iwn <M4t» ailJ4o ni %

e/i (d od tu^,iiiW iiviO odj ogiar/i^yd^^ôil rtoify/- ogcû^v^Tin vhiiOO ajn/-‘>ff â'4f;>bb|jo

2#4Jb iîîofll

*^'

’'Lti4a

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’Hd]

XORVAL EIuMET FOAKD 117

worked in South Carolina sending out to the world tlie news of the

stirring events which were then taking place in the old Palmetto

State, where history was being made at so rapid a rate as to terrorize

the whole people of the United States.

“Mr. Foard is versatile. He ho,s done ail sorts of work and he

has always done it well. He is able to do as good work today as he

ever did, and no one would be able to imagine that he worked before

the war and that he has worked ;:\ith very little intermission ever

since. While his years are not few, his mind and body are as active

as ever and he shows no sign of the ravage of tim.e except on the top

of his head, where he admits that his hairs are few, and what there

are, are whitened with the winter's rime.

“ A genial, wholesouied gentleman. A newspaper man with few

equals, and no superiors in the state; a true friend and a loyal

champion of what he believes to be right, it is a pleasure to bear even

a slight tribute to his worth.”

Mr. Foard's vitalit}’ is of a high order, enabling him to undergo

with the least fatigue long-continued mental exertion. His love of

literature is ardent. He had no difficulty in acquiring an education,

for he found what he wanted in books, and from early youth was a

constant reader, preferring biography as the best source of history,

and delighting in books of voyages and travels. In this line of read-

ing he found much to fit him for newspaper work and throughout his

career to stimulate his energies. The story of the northwestern

explorations of Lewis and Clark; of Fremont, the Pathfinder; of

Captain Cook, the navigator; of Commodore Perry, who opened the

ports of Japan; Doctor Kane's polar quest and other northern ex-

plorers; Livingston and Stanley in the Dark Continent; the narra-

tives of all the British adventurers of the Elizabethan period; of

Raleigh, and Drake, and Frobisher and hundreds of others; in fact,

everything that opened to view new scenes, new people, new coun-

tries were greedily devoured in youth, and taste for them does not

depart in age. This reading is refreshing and stimulating.

Natural inclination turned him toward journalism, for its pur-

suit implied mental activity, variety and novelty. The scene of

activity was ever changing for him. His whole life was spent in con-

tact with men in active life, chiefly political and governmental, and

in observing, in chronicling and in commenting on their public doings

and their relations to the ever varying public policies, day by day.

w&T%'i

Mf' %

T 7 <L>

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,ia ,9I«:•wa? ihrv wai /v ,a:(uiw|;n9a

,

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oôbno Wto «yoI sill

/fiiw'^nojJawboM snimmma !Ui-/7 diuov 7Kj(o imw3 h,(iji^:.8Mod(| ;oiWvad tolas.

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.XtoJen]^ jo- aowoa Jaod -oif.J: Ji^JaaoS-MWio oml 'w/fi-aX ,aJ-i7^;-;^,â »9|j%W i#efe4ij'a bna .

tfrf JHorfjiJwirij bna *07/ TOqieqeWoi?4i;ioM^ bauOl odWoto1?.ov/dnoa od7.5o -

410^8 o^T, ol^tootao H

twbodJfto^l orit «noilatSlqir^9'lj l/9a'.ô od'# îiocO nia^qaa* ,;J’-X9 inodnoff tarfjo bi«!

To aitoq f-isitan 9fft :J4i9fuin43 d:ifiCt.î4 ;a faiaa^ .fonj! /towg/iivij. ;rt9toIq4;

1“30 ibomti a«iJi9.{»jSii;d o()j to ats-tajîilcdiij^b

^9^^^ (|, Toja9vii'*4?,J9CT ni ;m9d3o To ^l^^fwart_.. . '

, ., ,, -7,v« .7Cir -v*"*'*-ntfot -//on ,ol(;opq -«/ao

,3t/m.)E 7/0^ y/Siv pi biaoqO Jjsdl anidjicijws

Jon »oob modi toT 3 I8BJ 1 na ,/ltor{ 'ni^bôvsb Xlibsâ sraw eohl

_.ai«*.U;im,i5bna a«biaotT9f||,p>,rrfl!S?f ai/(T *osa w -ttaqab

-tt«i 8 }| loT .mailBiBUoi btjsv/oi.aia] bo^rt nohmihni la-iuiM >^

>oew odf brto ^^/jitav'^'cllyito* Ijoilqarf- iiualo

-rroo at Jnaqa ejw,,3T:i ofo/fTfeiH Sid t<don« JaTnomntayos ba« («-)'&if«q ,sSa «vi,to« ^mm dllwîsal , ,

“‘yw*! ^»«{# «i ,.;..ivTOado ni•’£>d* v« -«W» .nafwtlftri rnidaq ^lUmVvm -odf ol anoiialn ti«» bn*jt>31*.Pa'

y I.V

118 NORVAL EMMET FOARD

He never found time to give to clubs, fraternities or secret orders

of any kind. In religion, he is a member of the Protestant Episcopal

church, confirmed in that faith in early manhood. His chief amuse-

ment is fishing, and as a lover of the woods and the streams, walking

and swimming, and occasional use of foils or dumbbells, were all the

exercises he needed or enjoyed. As to the modern system of physical

culture, he considers it overdone and ventures this opinion at the risk

of being rated as an “ old fogy.’’ He says: My chief desire through-

out life was to be employed. I have found enough to do and all of it

has been agreeable, because I went at it with love for it and stuck to

it from a wish to do the best that could be done in any particular

line. Beyond this I have had no ambitions. I do not know any

field of human endeavor in which there is more to do and to do well

than in journalism, which is ever progressive.”

In these days, when public libraries are multiplying so rapidly

all over the country, it may not be amiss to refer to the fact that for a

great deal of his personal gratification in life, as well as for his equip-

ment for newspaper work, Mr. Foard acknowledges his great indebt-

edness to this agency. In his boyhood he had access to the appren-

tices’ library, a benevolent foundation, in Charleston, South Carolina,

where youths were encouraged to read. When he became the libra-

rian of the Alexandria, Virginia, library a little later on, it was like

arriving at an inheritance of books. Some one has said recently that

the educated people of Charleston had command of the best English

spoken in the United States. But in Virginia and in Maryland the

English of Queen Anne’s period and of the era of Elizabeth crops out

frequently, even among those who are not highly educated, and it is

due in great measure to the hold which the literature of those days,

flowing from the mother country, and treasured in the Colonial

libraries, has had on the people, anchoring the language by English

classical standards.

Since the above sketch was prepared ^Ir. Foard died of pneu-

monia on March 26, 1906, after an illness of only ten days.

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rvj jb0ê bail ii ‘lol oral dirV'^r^

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.JN ‘H:

122 WALTER SIMONDS FRANKLIN

Science sununa cum laudc. He had already had some practical experi-

ence; first as a clerk in a wholesale store in New York City, and then as

a chainman in an engineering corps of the Pennsylvania Railroad.

After graduation, he became assistant engineer on the Fernandina and

Cedar Keys Railroad in Florida.

When war broke out between North and South, Franklin placed

his services at the command of the United States Army, .and in ^lay,

1861, was appointed 1st Lieutenant of the 12th United States Infantry.

He was promoted February, 1863, to a captaincy in the same regi-

ment, being detailed as inspector general of the 6th Army Corps with

the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of ^'olunteers. Col. Franklin was on

the staff of Gen. Sedgwick, commanding that corps, when the latter

was killed. Later he was on the staff of Gen. Wright, Sedgwick's

successor, where he continued until the surrender of Gen. Lee at the

close of the Civil War. He participated in the campaign under

McClellan against Richmond, saw service in the draft riots in NewYork City, and was in the campaign under Sheridan in the Valley of

Virginia until after the battle of Cedar Creek in 1864, and under

Grant until the surrender at Appomattox. For these services he

received the brevets of Major and Lieutenant Colonel in the United

States Army and of Colonel of Volunteers.

After the cessation of hostilities between the North and the

South, he returned to his regiment and went with it in 1869 to the

Pacific Coast. For nine months l>cfore resigning from the army in

in 1870, Col. Franklin was detailed as instructor of tactics at the

University of Wisconsin, and while there taught civil engineering.

From 1870 to 1887, Col. Franklin was general manager of the Ashland

Iron Company of Marvland. In 1887 he entered the service of tlm

Maryland Steel Company and became Superintendent of the ILalti-

more and Sparrows Point Railroad in which position he continued

until 1894.

Col. Franklin severed his connection with these two concerns to

accept the presidency of the Baltimore City Pas.senger Railway,

which he held until its consolidation with the other street railways

of Baltimore. For anumlierof years prior to 1902, he was vice presi-

dent of the Consolidated Company. He is at present a director of

the Maryland Steel Company, the Provident Savings Bank, and the

Towson National Bank. Since 1884, he has been a member of the

United States Light House Board.

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wb/iu a;jtuqn;i{0 iif

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P -!4«t ’li »nu '*y.

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.{iiv/tfj!5f i<g;nM»j!'! -MD oiormtliiir 9rtt jf(9-»way Kv,l»c7 103-1 )P. 10,i >3 otl i iljw £,lo,j wi'iiolrf-jir

-i«in<i wiv ««•« 9il ,£0(,'i uJ tiihq .^somti'itM lolo inyoiif; a„}i»»RVii| fe si 9II

odt biiR .anivcJi lnB&i-/o-rt 9,t}';-^rt;'.qc,«0 I-MIS i7tt«l-ri6l/: ortJ(Hi) Vr. -lottmoiii/} cnodhiui 9ii-,t?/'.| aorn*?' .Vtiirf]f‘>ft(gjat{'na».w<iT:|

.hiiolfi-asooU »Ci>l '4lii.)e holiitiy

WALTER SIMONDS FRANKLIN 123

Col. Franklin is a tri.istea of the Fi«-st Presbyterian Church of

Baltimore, which he attends; and of the Ashland Presbyterian

Church of Baltimore County, having held this latter ofhce since the

church’s organization in 1872. He is also a trustee of the Baltimore

Orphan Asylum and the York (Pa.) Collegiate Institute. For some

years he was a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers,

but resigned as he did not have time to attend the meetings.

Col. Franklin is a m^an of fine presence and dignified bearing. Hewas married on December 1.3, 1806, to Mary Campbell Small,

youngest daughter of Philip A. Smaii of York, by whom he has

had eight children. He belongs to the ^letropolitan Club of Wash-

ington, the Plarvard Union of Cambridge, the i\lilitary Order of the

Loyal Legion, the Maryland, the Merchants’, the Country and the

Baltimore Athletic Clubs, and the Bachelors’ and Junior Cotillons.

-Ji*

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.- „ K

FRANK FRICK

Mr. FRICK w&s born in Baltimore in January, 1828. His

parents were the late Honorable William Frick, Judge of

the Superior Court of this city (having previously served

as a member of the senate of ^Maryland, and as collector of the port

of Baltimore), and Mary Sloan, who was a daughter of James Sloan,

merchant, of Baltimore. Mr. Frick’s ancestors on his father’s side

belonged to the Rhenish Palatinate in Germany, the immigrant

ancestor being Conrad Frick who arrived in this country in 1732 and

settled in Germantown, now a part of Philadelphia. The family

on both sides has been closely indent ified with the medical profes-

sion. Dr. George Frick, one of the first physicians in this country to

make a special study of diseases of the eye, and author of the first

treatise on that subject published in this country, was an uncle; Dr.

Charles Frick, whose death at the early age of thirty-seven occurred

in 1860, was a brother; and the late Professor William Power, a

brother-in-law of the subject of this sketch; while on his mother’s

side Dr. William Sloan and Dr. Charles Sloan were uncles, and an

aunt, sister of his mother, was the wife of the late Dr. John Buckler.

Mr. Frick was a student at St. Mary’s College, Baltimore, where

he graduated with honors in 1845.

In 1850 he entered upon commercial life as a member of the firm

of Frick and Ball. In 1868 he became a member of the well-known

firm of C. Morton Stewart and Company, which was engaged with its

own fleet of Baltimore clippers in the sugar and coffee trades with the

West Indies and South America, as well as in foreign banking business

as correspondents in Baltimore of Baring Brothers of London. After

the failure in 1875 of the old sugar refineries in this city, Mr. Frick

labored assiduously for the revival here of that industry. A com-

pany was formed and a refinery erected at Curtis Bay on the south

side of the city, equipped with the most improved appliances. But

the stock was acquired by the so-called '‘Sugar Trust,” and the build-

ings dismantled.

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firiS add lo ‘ladinom i. ac olil miaTdfnruoo iiqqp l>9i<atâf o4 0?vBi nl

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eJf di7f ba;gtt^(ioaii7/ d*>iil // .yxfiiqfUoD l)it/i to

otii ddlz/ôbcTd 'laTlo j biin renus sdi xii iir jociqjk) ©lomlWfiE lo loaft nwo®

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d)i/^ Sii: HQ ycH aihixO d« bajDfyio ^r0iko%ii toe bomiolVew yn(eq‘lL.

fuH .feaa^dqqR imvfîqau l>.orxi oilA d^m boqcjix^l obh-Ijff/jd od) to^‘',la(nT ij.êB^îjaUdP«oi?9d4 yd bowp'je S!j:W-3{j>ol!S sd^

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’i-*'j '-'t

FRANK FRICK 127

In 1894 Mr. Frick withdrew from the firm of C. Morton Stewart

and Company and from active participation in business. He had

until then been associated as director with numbers of corporations,

not only commercial and financial, but also philanthropic and artistic.

For many years an active member of the Board of Trade of

Baltimore, and from 1SS7 to 1S94 its president, Mr. Frick was in close

contact with the manifold developments of Baltimore during those

years and exercised an active influence upon them. It was during

this period that under the direction of United States Engineer Officers,

conspicuous among them being Brigadier-General W. S. Craighill,

the channel of Baltimore’s harbor was widened and deepened so as

to accommodate the larger class of vessels engaged in the growing

foreign commerce of the city.

Since his retirement from active business in 1S94, Mr. Frick has

spent much time in foreign travel, visiting most points of interest in

Europe as well as Egypt, Palestine, India, China and Japan. This,

however, has not prevented him from preserving an active interest

in the improvement and development of his native city, which has

always been to him a subject of first importance. His foreign travels

and observations upon municipal conditions abroad have specially

qualified him for service in this respect. He has been specially inter-

ested in the establishment of proper park approaches, and as chair-

man of the Committee of the Municipal Art Society, assisted in inau-

gurating the Olmstead system of suburban parks.

Notwithstanding these varied business activities, Mr. Frick

found ample time for the exercise of his tastes and talents in music

and art. As a young man he was an active member of the Philhar-

monic Society, which flourished about the middle of the nineteenth

century, and included in its membership the young people of social

position who had musical tastes and accomplishments. At the same

time he was active and instrumental in the organization and manage-

ment of the Allston Association, formed for the cultivation of art and

the higher order of music, and which subsequently became the Wed-nesday Club, for many years a fashionable and successful a.ssociation

devoted to amateur performances both musical and dramatic. Tothese may be added mention of the Music Hall (now known as the

Lyric Theatre) on Blount Royal Avenue, opened in 1894, which,

in addition to serving a number of other pu])lic uses, has afforded

the citizens of Baltimore an op})ortunity for education in the broader

!

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ISti ' ,^‘M.lSyM j„„oK ;.o .xiaodT ohyj

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128 FRANK FRICK

fields of orchestral and choral music, which could not otherwise have

been obtained. In all of these enterprises Mr. Frick took a deep and

active interest.

In January, 18G1, Mr. Frick married Miss Fanny D. Lurman,

daughter of the late Gustav Lurman, a native of Bremen, Germany,

and for many years a prominent merchant of Baltimore. She died

in 1889. A woman of cultivated mind, it was always her wish and

aim to impart to others the interest in literary and artistic subjects

which she herself enjoyed.

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e.Jt>5^(difB Dfiarn-H l»n*i \fiii'ioJii in mia.

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. .S3pS;v*i

CARL GUSTAV OTTO FUCHS

SO intimately is the name of Professor Otto Fuchs associated

with the history of the Maryland Institute School of Art and

Design, that in the mind of the average Baltimorean they are

inseparable one from the other; and so preeminently has the .Mary-

land Institute been the center of art ‘training in ^laryland, that in

the state's story of art Professor Fuchs must be accorded a high place.

During the twenty-three years in which he pursued his profession in

Baltimore, each succeeding year saw the school of which he was

the head attain a higher plane of excellency and efficiency. His

personality—striking as is that of many self-educated and self-trained

men—was stamped upon every department of the institution of which

he was director. For this reason, a biography of Professor Fuchs

is a chapter in the history of the IMaryland Institute.

It is doubtful if a school of the character of the Maryland Insti-

tute could have chosen a man better fitted for its especial require-

ments than the one who was called to assume control in 1SS3. The

vei*}’ character of the school attracts to its classes many students

who are forced to make sacrifices to gratify their longing for art train-

ing, and who, because of the difficulties under which tuition is ob-

tained, naturally value it more highly than those to whom the oppor-

tunity to study comes more easily. The classes of the Maryland

Institute, in other words, are largely patronized by men and womenwho, if they ultimately succeed, will be classed as ‘'self-macle.'’ AndProfessor Fuchs could fully sympathize with this class of students,

for he, too, had won his professional training against great odds. Hebegan the battle of life with little hope of finding open to him

more than an existence of drinlgery. With indomitable energy,

however, he created for himself opportunities; and after he had

attained signal success he was fitted by experience, as are few other

art instructors, to guide, encourage, and aid those whose youth had

known similar circumstances.

Carl Gustav Otto Fuchs was born at Salzwedel, Prussia, Ger-

many, October G, 18.09, the son of Carl Gustav Friederich and Fliza-

JÂD ’

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!r'-'»>iO vrfÔ hcO’' ' 1

132 CARL GUSTAV OTTO FUCHS

beth (Langerman) Fuchs. His father was a cabinet maker. Yount:

Fuchs attended private schools in his native town in Germany until

he reached the age of eleven, when his relatives emmigratcd t.>

America. The family party was composed of the boy, his parents, hi.>>

brothers and sister, and his grandparents, and arrived in New Yorkon May 20, 1851. On arriving in the United States, Carl was sen:

to the public schools. He soon learned English and in three years

had finished the work of the highest grade of the grammar school, i

There were not sufficient means in possession of the family to per-

mit him to acquire a college education. He went to work in r.

piano factory.

All his spare time, however, was devoted to the study of math-

ematics and drawing for which he had early displayed a tasie.'

He was also fond of working with tools. At the age of seven-

teen, he obtained a position with an architect and civil engineer in;

Hoboken, New Jersey. Subsequently he became connected with 1

the United States Coast Survey, which was then engaged in makiuLrj

topographic and hydrographic surveys around New' York. About i

that time a school of draw'ing w'as established in New' Y"ork, by Pro- I

fessor L. Boeck, who had come to America as private secretary to 1

Louis Kossuth, and, though the rates w'ere high, Mr. Fuchs’ fatherj

W'as determined that his son should receive the instruction given there, I

and paid for it in part by making furniture for the school. The youth\

also frequently made drawings for Professor Boeck, who took a greatj

interest in him. He permitted Fuchs to come to him w'henever it i

suited his convenience, out of school hours, and the ambitious boy.|

to avail himself of the privilege, took an early breakfast, then went\

to school for physics, chemistry and mathematics, the lesson lastim:j

one hour and a half. From school he went to w'ork, and w'hen the i

day’s labor was finished, he returned to school for an hour, or an

hour and a half and studied geometry, trigonometry, and calculus.

After supper he sat down to work out the problems given to him to

do, often not finishing his labor untif after midnight.

Mr. Fuchs studied with Professor Boeck until ISGO- In ^he

meantime the desire to be an engineer had become fixed in his mind,

and so fully had he mastered the art of drawing that he was placed

in charge of the mechanical drawing department at the Cooper Ins-

titute. Soon after the completion of the Coast Survey work, in hsul

,

the Civil War broke out, and Mr, Fuchs took a position as draftsman

OTTO VATBtID Jai.O

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CARL GUSTAV OTTO FUCHS 133

in the Naval Bureau Office, which had been established in New York

for the construction of monitors. For three years he attended to

his work during the day and pursued his studies at night. In con-

nection with the Naval Bureau Office, his work lay in making designs

for ships and their machinery. In 1864, on account of meritorious

work accomplished by him, he was promoted to the position of head

draftsman, and at the close of the war he was appointed to the position

of assistant professor of drawing at the Naval Academy at Annapolis.

After two years at this institution he became dissatisfied, feel-

ing that he was out of touch with the engineering profession, which

at that time was progressing very rapidly, and he resigned the posi-

tion to accept a call from the City Point Works in South Boston, as

head draftsman and desimier for steamships and general machinery.

After being there a year or two, the South Boston School of Art was

established, and he was placed in charge of the mechanical and archi-

tectural classes. A few years later he was appointed principal of

the mechanical branch of the Boston City Evening Drawing Schools,

and shortly afterward was asked to take charge of all the technical

branches at the Massachusetts State Normal Art School in Boston.

This school was then under the directorship of Professor Walter

Smith, of London, who had been called to Boston to introduce draw-

ing as a regular branch of study in the public schools of this country.

In 1881 Professor Smith returned to England, when Mr. Fuchs was

chosen his successor as director of the Normal Art School. Hewas called to the ^laryland Institute School of Art and Design as its

director in 1883 and continued in that position to the time of his

death. Through his tireless energy, perseverance and conscientious

effort, he made a name for himself as one of the most efficient direc-

tors and teachers of art in the country. The destruction of the insti-

tute’s building and collections by the fire of February 7, 1904, did

not daunt him, and that catastrophe is no\v seen to have been but

the beginning of a new period of greater prosperity for the institute.

Professor Fuchs was president of the Art Department of the

National Educational Association, and held the same office in the

local and national associations of German Technologists. He was

Master of the Fidelity Lodge of iUasoiis, Baltimore, and a member of

the Society for the History of the Germans in Maryland, of thejGer-

man Society of Baltimore and of the Germania Club of the same city.

Professor Fuchs published in 1902 a “Handbook on Perspective,”

i

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134 CARL GUSTAV OTTO FUCHS

and in 1903, a ‘^Handbook on Mechanical Drawing/’ He has

also published, in leaflet form, a poem entitled “The Stages of Life

from Childhood to Age.” On July 7, 1867, he was married to AnnSophia Tuck, of Annapolis. He died without issue on March 13,

1906.

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JACOB J. FUNK

Funk, JACOB j., banker, was bom April 12, 1848, at Sylvan

Grove Farm, Washington county, Maryland. He is the

son of Jacob and Christ!anna (Good) Funk. His father was

a farmer, a county commissioner, a school commissioner and promi-

nent member of the German Baptist church. He was of Germandescent, a man of strong convictions and prompt in all engagements.

His mother was of Scotch descent.

The son's youth was spent on the farm. From an early age he

took an active interest in farm duties, and at the age of nineteen

assumed full management of the estate. He was little inclined to

study. In lines of reading he found most interest in “Ancient and

modem history, with current literature, and especially, the ‘NewYork Tribune.’ ” Mr. Funk attended the public schools a few months

in the winter and later went to the State normal school at Millers-

ville, Pennsylvania. His father died in 1875, and being unable to

buy the farm on which he lived, he removed to Hagerstown, Mary-

land, in the spring of 1876, and obtained employment in the insurance

office of H. A. McComas and Company, which position gave him an

insight into the rules of commerce and business. He attributes his

success in life to his early home surroundings, “his carefully selected

companions and an exceptional wife whose forethought and judgment

were faultless.” In 1881 he was given a clerkship in the office of the

Hagerstown Steam Engine and Machine Company, and by dint of

great perseverance was made manager of the local agencies. He was

step by step promoted to the posts of assistant superintendent, and,

finally, treasurer and general manager in the comparr>'. The latter

position he held until 1897. In 1889 he helped to organize the Sec-

ond National Bank of Hagerstown, of which he has been president

since 1893. He is identified with the Republican party. In religious

faith he affiiliates with the Presbyterian church. He has always

been fond of horses, and from boyhood has found his chief relaxation

in riding and driving.

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i>3Jai adX .'^jiaquioa srfj ni MganSJu toang^ baa isiuaaai} Yrton2,g.in.j,o n,

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XS//if. Biri oH .daii/Jo ncrtaJydt.'n'J toli diiw g»ji,il.l* ad ’*«!ao«a/r.i6i .omo Bid bni'olgori faootlypd inool bno .g*v,wt to bnol

ra .S/ir/hb Ltt* âsbnai

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P-

136 JACOB J. FUNK

Mr. Funk says: ‘^The foundations of my limited success were the

frugal habits and early teachings acquired in a country home. Myparents were plain, substantial, progressive people, of strong charac-

ter with liberal views, and temperate in all things. I have always

adhered to their early teachings and owe whatever of success I have

attained to the lessons of strict integrity, self reliance and perse-

verence, patiently taught me by their precept and example. These

qualities, in my judgment, wdll keep you free from harm and makeyou at least a respectable, law-abiding citizen.”

He has been twice married. His first wife was Clara R. Zellar,

to whom he was married December 10, 1873. She died in 1888,

leaving one child, Bertha Funk, who died at the age of twenty-six.

On December 24, 1903, Mr. Funk was married to Frances M. Healey.

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GEORG WILHELM GAIL, Sr.

Gail, GEORG WILHELM, Sr., the founder of the firm of G. W.Gail and Ax, tobacco manufacturers of Baltimore, Maryland,

was born in Giessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, on the 8th

of July, 1828. His father, Georg Philip Gail, who married Miss

Susanna Busch, was the foremost tobacco manufacturer of that town.

Georg Wilhelm Gail passed his early life in the small Germantown of Giessen. The influence of his mother was always especially

strong upon his life, in the stimulus to effort, -which she gave him and

in the memory of her character. He was the first of his family to

come to America. In 1847, at the age of nineteen, he left Germanyfor the United States and settled in Baltimore. For over half a cen-

tury he was prominently connected with the business interests of that

city. Before leaving Europe he had begun his business career as

clerk in Amsterdam. His father, however, had determined to send

him to America and had him educated accordingly. In 1850, within

three years of his arrival, he founded the business which steadily

grew and developed under the name of G. W. Gail and Ax. Fromthis year until 1891, he was head of the firm, which then sold its bus-

iness to the American Tobacco Company.

On the 12th of September, 1854, Mr. Gail married Miss MarySophia Feigner, of Baltimore. They had five children, all of whomare living. Some years after the death of his first wife he married

Miss Emma Landmann y/ho, with one son, George Philip Gail, sur-

vives him.

Mr. Gail throughout his life was a member of the Lutheran

Church. He was also a member of the Germania Club of Baltimore,

of the German Society of Maryland, of the Maryland Club, of the

Baltimore Country Club, of the Maryland Country Club, of the Ger-

man Historical Society, and of several other social and patriotic

organizations.

On the 5th of October, 1905, while returning from a visit to

Germany, Mr. Gail died at sea. He was buried in Greenmount ceme-

tery, Baltimore.

A sketch of the life of George William Gail, Jr., the only son, byhis first wife, is also given in this volume.

,>;B J 1 /. ivUHHjjw oiToad'

;.nf) oil! loi9bij</r,l »f!j,.s8 ,I4X:'lHJIW OiIOSIO,JIAo-.0 .'(naunoD mndu:.‘. Mn-f.’ti ori/.' ,iuiO qilurr ^looD ,i9riVT «ai .gssi lo• riv o. ‘,n.) J0-r.vi!;j:-ln-n;ra ’aoTOKf/iarflMv? ,f)'jaoa annaau?.

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lo ol?J. odt.or,wh-v fciilj nf fio?/g 08?f; f

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GEORGE WILLIAiM GAIL, Jr

Gail, GEORGE william, Jr., was bom in Baltimore, on

the 14th of October, 1S04. His father, a sketch of wh6selife is to be found in this volume, was Georg Wilhelm Gail,

who married Miss Mary Sophia Feigner.

The years of his early life were passed partly in the country andpartly in the city of Baltimore. He attended both public and pri-

vate schools, but as his health w'as not good it was decided that he

should not attempt to take a college or university course. At the

age of twenty, he took a position as clerk in a tobacco jobbing house,j

influenced to this choice by the fact that his father was already prom-|

inently identified with the manufacture of tobacco. In ISSS he

became a member of the firm of G. W. Gail and Ax, of which his father

was the founder. In 1891 the firm sold its business to the American

Tobacco Company, and for the next nine years Mr. Gail held a posi-|

tion as manager for this company, resigning in 1900. On the 5th

of October, 1903, he became president of the Board of Fire Commis-

sioners and of the Board of Public Safety, as well as a member of the

Electrical Commission of Baltimore. The fire department ^of the

city always had for him, even in his earliest boyhood, an especial

interest amounting almost to fascination, and it seemed to his friends

a natural result of this early interest, that he was appointed to this

office. He held this position during the great fire of February 7th

and 8th, 1904; serving for four years, until the 7th of October, 1907.

On the 5th of December, 1888, Mr. Gail married Miss Helen

Christiana Bauch, of Richmond, Virginia. They have four children.

Mr. Gail is a Democrat. He is a member of the Germania Club

of Baltimore, of the German Society of Baltimore, of the Maryland

Country Club, of the Baltimore Country Club and of the Merchants|

Club.

His home is ‘^Rose Hill,” Pimlico Road, Baltimore.

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EDWARD STANLEY GARY

Gary, EDWARD Stanley, of Baltimore, Maryland, presi’

dent of the Merchants and Manufacturers Association of

Baltimore, a member of the Emergency Committee after

the great fire of 1904, and a member of the Maryland State Board of

Education, was born in iA.Iberton, Hotvard county, Maryland on the

26th of July, 1862. His father, Honorable James A. Gary, Postmaster-

General in President McKinley’s Cabinet, was a cotton manufacturer.

His family was of mingled English and Scotch-Irish descent and his

ancestors for several generations have been, for the most part,

residents of Maryland.

His boyhood was passed in part in the country, and part in the

city of Baltimore. The influence of his mother, Mrs. Lavinia W.Gary, has been very strong throughout his life. He says: ‘‘I owe to

my mother more than to all else such success as I have won in life.

The example, and the strong living for a purpose, of my mother, was

the source of my first strong impulse to strive for the prizes of life.”

He attended the Friends Elementary School and the Friends

High School of Baltimore; but without attempting to take a college

course, he accepted a position in the cotton factory of his father at

Alberton, in 1878, when he was but sixteen years old. His speedily

acquired familiarity with every department of the business and his

steadily increasing efficiency led to his election on February 3, 1896,

as vice-president and general manager of the Gary Manufacturing

Company. His election, in January, 1904, as president of the Mer-

chants and Manufacturers Association of Baltimore is evidence of the

esteem felt for him by his fellow citizens, who are the leading mer-

chants and manufacturers of the city. After the terrible fire which

wiped out so large a part of the business district of Baltimore, Mr.

Gary was one of the prominent men who originated the emergency

committee; and as chairman of one of its sub-committees, he did

excellent work throughout those trying months in which Baltimore

was winning the admiration of the world by the way in which the

city, recovering from the effects of the fire, rebuilt entire districts, and

reerectcd business houses and apartments.’

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146 EDV/AllD STANLPJY GARY

Mr. Gary has always felt a strong interest in the schools of the

state; and he eft’ectivcly advocated compulsory primary education.

It w'as especially his interest in this phase of educational work, which

led to his appointment in 1901 as a member of the State Board of

Education.

In his church relations Mr. Gary is identified with the Protestant

Episcopal Church. He is a vestryman of St. Timothy’s Protestant

Episcopal Church of Bitltimore and also of the Emmanuel Church.

On the 30th of September, 1S85, Mr. Gary married Miss MaryRagan Macgill, daughter of Dr. Charles G. W. Macgill, of Catonsville,

Maryland. They have had four children, all of whom are living

in 1907.

In politics Mr. Gary is an Independent Republican. His favor-

ite form of amusement ‘Ts big game hunting and travel in out-of-the-

way places.” Mr. Gary is a member of the Maryland Club, of the

University Club of Baltimore, of the Bachelors’ Cotillon Club, of the

Junior Cotillon Club, and of the Municipal Art Association, all of

Baltimore.

To the younger citizens of the state he offers these suggestions

for the attainment of true success in life: “Embrace the Christian

religion, and live up to its standards since these are the highest ideals

knowm to man. Have one fixed purpose in life and make all others

subservient to it. Associate with men who are making a success of

life, and who have the respect of the community.”

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f

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150 JAMES CARDINAL GIBBONS

ing, August 16, 1868. Bishop Gibbons took charge of his vicariate

November 1, 1868. The entire state with an area of 52,250 square

miles had at the time three Roman Catholic churches ministered

to by two priests; and the total Roman Catholic population scattered

from the mountains in the West to the seaboard in the East was less

than one thousand. Bishop Gibbons first opened a school which he

personally conducted. He built six churches and instructed and

ordained a number of priests. In order to prepare for a more thor-

ough education of the people and especially to supply the growing

want for teachers and priests, he induced the Benedictine order to

establish a community in the vicariate; and the movement resulted

in the erection of Mary Help Abbey at Belmont, Gaston county. Healso built a school-house for whites and one for negroes at Wilming-

ton; and placed the schools in charge of the Sisters of Mercy. TheSisters subsequently erected the Sacred Heart Convent at Belmont.

Bishop Gibbons made the personal acquaintance of every adult

Roman Catholic in the state, meeting them at their homes in all parts

of the state and exercising a pastoral care over every household,

neglecting none. Four years of this unceasing labor began to bear

fruit, and on July 30, 1872, he was translated to the diocese of Rich-

mond, Virginia, as successor to the Right Reverend John McGill whohad died January 14, 1872. He was installed as bishop of Richmond

by Archbishop Bayley, October 20, 1872. In Richmond he erected

five churches, St. Peter’s academy, which he placed in charge of the

Xaverian Brothers, and St. Sophia’s Home for Old People, which

was cared for by the Little Sisters of the Poor. He also erected

parochial schools in Petersburg and Portsmouth, Virginia; and

St. Joseph Female Orphan Asylum in Richmond becoming over-

crowded, he enlarged the building. In recognition of this work

Archbishop Bayley, feeling the approaching end of his labors on earth

to be near at hand, asked Leo IX. to make Bishop Gibbons his

coadjutor with right of succession; and on May 20, 1877, he was

nominated and on July 20, 1877, he was made titular bishop of

’Jinopolis, with right of succession to the primatial See of Baltimore.

By virtue of this nomination and the death of Archbishop Bayley,

October 3, 1877, Bishop Gibbons became Archbishop of Baltimore

at the age of forty-three years. He was in this way elevated from

the bishopric of Richmond to the highest ecclesiastical dignity in the

Roman Catholic church in the United States.

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ly

JAMES CARDINAL GIBBONS 151

He visited Rome in 1883 at the head of the delegation of Amer-

ican prelates sent to represent the affairs of the church in the United

States at the Vatican, and to outline the work to come before the

third Plenary Council to meet at Baltimore in 1884. Pope Leo

XIII. showed Archbishop Gibbons many favors; and among them

appointed him to preside over the third Plenary Council.

When the third Plenary Council met, in 1884, the progress

and development of the Roman Catholic church in the United

States made necessary the enactment of new decrees, which as pre-

siding ofheer he helped forward, and these acts and decrees were ap-

proved by the ecclesiastical authorities. In acknowledgment of the

approval of the action and course of Archbishop Gibbons, Leo XIII.

created him cardinal, June 7, 1886, and he selected the twenty-fifth

anniversary of his ordination as priest, June 30, 1886, as the date on

which he would be invested with the insignia of the rank of cardinal.

The occasion was one of impressive religious solemnity and an

embassy from Leo XIII. brought the following message: “Present

to Cardinal Gibbons our affectionate paternal benediction. Weremember him with the most cordial esteem and believe we could not

confer the hat upon a more worthy prelate.” The Pope was repre-

sented in the person of Archbishop Kenrick of St. Louis who bestow'ed

the insignia of his office upon the newly-made cardinal; and he

received the apostolic benediction at the hands of the Pope at the

Vatican in Rome the next year and he was admitted to membership

in the College of Cardinals, being the twenty-fifth in succession.

While in Rome he interpreted to the Pope the democratic spirit of

American catholicity in respect to the labor organizations in the

United States and the actual relations existing between the employers

and the employed. He was installed as pastor of his titular church.

May 25, 1887, and \vas assigned to the Church of Santa Maria in

Trastevere, a church of great antiquity on the Tiber. He laid the

corner stone of the Catholic University of America in Washington.

District of Columbia, May 24, 1888; dedicated the Divinity Building

November 13; 1889, and was the chancellor of the institution from its

foundation. He \vas given an assistant in the person of Bishop

Curtis formerly of Wilmington, Delaware, in 1896, at his own request

and by reason of advancing age. In 1903 he \vent to Rome to take

part in the election of a successor to Leo XIII., deceased. His

simple and unostentatious kindliness which endeared him to the

n

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152 JAMES CARDINAL GIBBONS

people of North Carolina, Virginia and the Archdiocese of Baltimore,

did not depart, when high ecclesiastical honors came to him; he was

the same friend and counsellor of the poor and the rich alike; and all

who knew him, within and without the communion of the church of

which he was primate in America, continued to respect and love

him as a faithful friend and a wise adviser. Kis influence broadened

the American branch of the Roman Catholic church and made knownto the hierarchy of the old world the meaning of American freedom.

He is the author of “Faith of our Fathers” (1876); “Our Christian

Heritage” (1SS9); “The Ambassador of Christ” (1896).

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.(-0^31) '‘ts/t/lO ^9 if-feg'âdmA

slir:

giE.i£'4aJ

BASIL LANNEAU GILDERSLEEVE

GILDERSLEEVE, basil LANNEAU, professor of Greek at

the Johns Hopkins University, was born at Charleston,

South Carolina, on October 23, 1831. His parents were

the Reverend Benjamin and Emma Louisa (Lanneau) Gildersleeve.

Until he was nearly thirteen years of age, his father was his sole instruc-

tor and gave him a thorough foundation in Latin and Greek. Hewas fitted for college by William E. Bailey, a severe drill master, and

entered the College of Charleston: but in 1845 while he was a fresh-

man, his father removed to Virginia, and the son left college. For a

year, he acted as clerk and bookkeeper for his father. In December,

1846, he entered as a student Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, remain-

ing but a few months. Entering the College of New Jersey at Prince-

ton, as a sophomore, he was graduated with the degree of A.B. in

1849, fourth in a class of seventy-nine members. He received from

Princeton the degree of A.M. in 1852. After graduation, he taught

for a year at Dr. Manpin’s school in Richmond, Virginia. The wish

to profit by the best possible training in classical philology, led him

to visit Europe, and he studied at Berlin, Gottingen and Bonn,

receiving the degree of Ph.D. from the University of Gottingen in

1853. Returning to the United States he continued his classical

studies, gave lessons, made translations, wrote review articles, and in

1856 he was made professor of Greek at the University of Virginia.

He held that chair for twenty years. From 1861 to 1866 he was

also professor of Latin at the university.

On September 18, 1866, he married Miss Elizabth Fisher Colston.

They have two children, a son and a daughter.

During the Civil War, Professor Gildersleeve servetl in the Con-

federate Army, and was severely wounded in 1864. In 1892, an article

in the “Atlantic i\Ionthly’' from his pen, entitled the “Creed of the Old

South,’’ describes his own attitude of mind at this time, and expresses

the thought and feeling of hundreds of ex-Confederates. In a paper

entitled “ Formative Influences,” which he wrote for the “Forum,” in

1891, Professor Gildersleeve spoke of himself as “a Southerner and

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154 BASIL LANNEAU GILDERSLEEVE

thoroughly identified with the South. I have shared the fortunes

of the land, in which my lot was cast, and, in my time, have shared

its prejudices and its defiant attitude. A clearer vision and a more

tolerant spirit have come with wider experience and mellower years,

but I do not regret the influence of the earlier isolation. It prepared

me for slow and scant recognition, which might have been slow and

scant in any case; and it taught me to seek my solace in my work,

and to do that work without regard to the praise of meh.’^ He con-

tinues, in autobiographic vein: “An imaginative, prime-sautier boy,

proud, shy, self-conscious, cursed with a poetic temperament and

unblessed by poetic power, I was made to recognize the duty of

work by the unyielding pressure of the creed in which I was brought

up.” “I have, through all my long career, as student and teacher,

laid out my work and my time with great exactness, and have always

considered punctuality in the fulfilment of every species of engage-

ment, an indispensable virtue. This, too is a result of the instruction

of my father. If one day it shall be said of me that I w'as not sloth-

ful in business, fervent in spirit, let nature be credited with the fervor;

the diligence is due to the early domination of a creed which itself

is dominated by the ‘stern daughter of the voice of God.’”

In 1867, Professor Gildersleeve issued the well-known Latin

grammar which bears his name. This was followed by a series of

other text-books on the Latin language; embracing a primer, a reader,

a school grammar, a book of Latin composition, etc. In 1875, he

published an annotated edition of Persius.

A year later, in 1876, Professor Gildersleeve came to Baltimore,

at the organization of the Johns Hopkins University, to take the pro-

fessorship of Greek in the new university—a chair which he has filled

with distinction and which he still holds. At Baltimore, he finished

his edition of Justin Martyr, published in 1877, and prepared his

edition of the “Odes of Pindar,” published in 1885, and a volume of

“Essays and Studies,” which appeared in 1890. His work on the

syntax of classical Greek was issued in l900; and in its preparation

he was assisted by Professor C. \V. E. Miller.

In 1880, Professor Gildersleeve founded the “American Journal

of Philology,” which he continues to edit. His influence on American

scholarship has been very great, not only from his published works

but also through the number of graduate students who have comeunder his instruction during the past thirty years at Johns Hopkins

m

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1''''',"t0y

BASIL LANNEAU GiLDERSLEEVE 155

University, have gone out to tearh in colleges and universities in

all parts of the United States.

Honors have been heaped on him. WiHiani and Mary College

gave him the degree of LL.D., in iSG9, and the same degree was con-

ferred on him by Harvard University in 1S96, by Yale University

in 1901, and by the University of Chicago in the same year. The

University of the South honored him with the degree of D.C.L. in

1884, and Princeton with that of L.H.D. in 1899.

In his church relations he is a Presbyterian. Professor Gilder-

sleeve was one of the founders of the University Club of Baltimore,

of which he was president from its organization in 1881 until 1904.

He is an honorary member of the Cambridge (England) Philological

Society; of the Philological Syilogos of Constantinople; of the Arch-

aeological Society of Athens; and of the Society for the Promotion

of Hellenic Studies.

The records of classical scholarship and philology in the United

States contain few names, if any, more widely honored than that

of Basil L. Gildersleeve.

I

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DANIEL COIT GILMAN

Gilman, DANIEL COIT, educator and first president of

Johns Hopkins university, has been the leader in organizing

and developing true university work in the United States.

His devotion to the cause of higher education, his steady adherence

to the ideal rather than the material tendency in our American system

of education, and his constant desire to make the scholarship of our

country, especially in all departments of higher researcii, more pro-

ductive of intellectual force as well as of scientific knowledge and

material progress, make him one of the leading figures in our con-

stantly improving university system. It has i)een justly said of him.

and of his work: '' He believes in individuality, and holds that institu-

tions were made for men and not men for institutions. He knows

no selfishness nor has he taken part in the tendency to absorb other

foundations into a great educational trust; but his faith and services

are for the university invisible, not made with hands, which consists

in the productive, scientific work of gifted minds, wherever they are,

sympathetic by nature and made still more so by the coordination

of studies, as one of the most characteristic features of our age.'’

He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, July 6, 1831. He is a son

of William Charles Gilman; and his earliest ancestor in America was

Councillor John Gilman, one of the first settlers of Exeter, NewHampshire, who came to this country from Norfolk, England, in

1638. Through his mother, Eliza Coit, he is descended from some

of the leading families of eastern Connecticut.

His preparatory studies were pursued in New York city, and he

was graduated from Yale college in 1852. He was engaged in post-

graduate work in New Haven and Cambridge; for two years he

studied in Berlin, attending lectures by Cnrl Ritter and Adolf Tren-

delenburg, after being attached for a short time to the American

Legation in St. Petersburg. In 1855 while still in Europe he acted

as one of the commissioners to the Exposition Universellc in Paris.

He traveled extensively in Europe and gave attention to the social,

political and educational condition of the countries he visited and

particularly to their physical structure.

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~ yimfuajx’iaq

i^-^' -V

DANIEL COIT GILMAN 157

On his return to America, he ^’as appointed librarian of Yale

« olleae and was professor of physical and political geography at the

Shellield Scientific school from 1856 to 1872, and did much to develop

that institution in its early and formative years. During his resi-

dence in New Haven he was made a trustee of the Winchester astro-

nomical observatory and a visitor of the Yale school of fine arts. Hewas superintendent of the New Haven city schools for a time, and

was also secretary of the state board of education.

In 1861 he married Mary Ketcharn, of New York. She died in

1869. In 1877 Doctor Gilman married a second time, Miss Elizabeth

Dwight, daughter of John M. Woolsey of Cleveland and New Haven,

and niece of President IVoolsey of Yale.

From 1872 to 1875, he was president of the University of Cali-

fornia. To the development of this institution he gave great thought

and care. Its subsequent growth has been largely due to the plans

he formed for it, and to the force and energy with which he set in

motion new impulses and ideas in education. Doctor Gilman’s

attention has always been given more particularly to the interior

influences and work of the institutions with which he has been con-

nected, than to outside work and financing operations.

On December 30, 1874, he was elected president of the newly-

^founded Johns Hopkins university. May 1, 1875, he entered on

his new duties. When Mr. Hopkins died, in 1873, he bequeathed

$7,000,000 (up to that time the largest single gift ever made to educa-

tion), to be divided equally between a hospital and the university.

After extended inquiries, in their effort to find a man of such breadth

of view and force of character as to make successful the first attempt

in America to establish an institution to do distinctively post-

graduate university work. Doctor Gilman was the choice of the trus-

tees for president. A year was spent by him in formulating plans

and in visiting men and institutions in Europe. The principles on

which the wniversit}' was founded were that it was to be free from

partisan or ecclesiastical influence; its work was to be tis special and

as advanced as the state of the country would permit; its fame was

to rest upon the character of the teachers and scholars and not upon

numbers and buildings; it was to begin with a portion of the philo-

sophical as distinct from a profc.ssional faculty; to emphasize re.-^carch

and to give special attention to literature and the sciences, particu-

larly to those which bear on medicine. It has been said that “Balti-

'

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158 DANIEL COIT GILMAN

more was made the brightest educational spot in our country” by

the development of the uni versity under Doctor Gilman’s guidance.

Questions of scholarship breudened into those of statesmanship. Anew era opened in educational matters; and to President Gilman must

be awarded praise for awakening and stimulating most powerfully

the love of the higher learning and of research in our American life.

His interest in the nien who surrounded him was intense. Their work

w'as w^atched and encouraged by him; and many of them attribute

to his sympathetic suggestions of a career, and to his encourage-

ment in it, mmch of the success of their later life. For years he

made “the university the paradise and seminarium of young spe-

cialists.”

Doctor Gilman’s optimism and idealism have been two most

prominent factors in his success. He sustained the courage of all in

the difficulties wduch attended the beginning of such a work, and

through the depressing years when non-paying investments of funds

for a time seriously crippled his plans, he kept alive enthusiasm

alike among instructors and students. It is in the brain of such

leaders that great ediicational impulses and inspirations arise; and

it is by the will of such men that they are put into practical form for

the guidance of succeeding generations. Pure learning, progressive

knowledge, practical results, are the standards set before young menin this institution, which has received its impress and power from the

mind and services of its first president. Thoroughness and expansion

have marked the courses of study in Johns Hopkins university; and

no doubt individual supervision of work, and the remarkable oppor-

tunities for research so freely offered to young and ambitious aspir-

ants, individually, are among the reasons w'hysomanyof its graduates

are appreciative of the w’ork of the university which gave them a suc-

cessful launch in their life-career. Doctor Gilman’s twenty-fifth anni-

versary in the presidency brought out abounding evidence of the

gratitude, appreciation and reverence of the men who had studied

under his guidance. To him the whple educational s}'stem of the

United States is indebted, not only for keeping this leading university

free bom narrow ideas of competition and rivalry wdth other institu-

tions, but also for a magnificent fight against the materializing tend-

encies which are too prevalent in American life. His work has done

much to demonstrate that “often the most ideal course is also the

most practical.”

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DANIEL COIT GILMAN 159

Doctor Gilman was a director of the Johns Hopkins hospital; a

(riistee of the Peabody Institute; the Pratt library, and the .Mercan-

tile library of Baltimore. He was appointed a trustee of the Peabody

Puiid for the promotion of education in the South; he is president of

the Slater Fund trustees for the education of the Freedmen; president

of the American Oriental society; a vice-president of the Archaeological

Institute of America. He was also named “officer of public instruct

tion’' in France. He was made a member of the Venezuelan Bound-

ary Commission, in 1896-97, of the Commission to draft a new

Charter for Baltimore, and he has been president of the National

Civil Service Association since 1901. The degree of LL.D. was con-

ferred on him by Harvard, 1876; Columbia, 1887; St. John's, Balti-

more, 1887; Yale, 1889; University of North Carolina, 1889; and

Princeton, 1896.

Many of his addresses on education and history are collected

in a volume, “University Problems in the United States,'’ 1898.

He also wrote “The Life of James Monroe,” 1898. He edited the

miscellaneous writings of Francis Lieber, 1881; and of Doctor Joseph

P. Thompson, 1884. His addresses as president of the American

Social Science Association; on the opening of Sibley college, Cornell;

at the opening of Adelbert college on “The Benefit Society Derives

from Universities;” and at Harvard on similar themes, are masterly

efforts of a mind temperamentally and by experience fitted to deal

with them.

In 1902 he resigned the presidency of the Johns Hopkins univer-

sity. In the same year he was selected as the head of the Carnegie

Institute, an endowment of 810,000,000, the gift of Andrew Carnegie

for the promotion of scientific research in its highest forms. Presi-

dent Gilman filled this position for two years, defining the scope,

establishing the methods and settling the foundations of the work

of the institute. But at the beginning of the second year he informed

the trustees that having passed the age of seventy, he had fully

determined to resign the presidency at the expiratiorr of his second

year. This he did, in December, 1904, the trustees accepting his

resignation with professions of deep regret and high esteem.

Doctor Gilman proposes to give these next years to the carrying

out of long-cherished plans for literary work.

His address is 614 Park Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland.

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HENRY BROOKE GILPIN

Gilpin, henry BROOKE, of Baltimore, wholesale druggist

and manufacturing chemist, and trustee in many of the

business corporations and charitable institutions and organ-

izations of the city, was born at Baltimore on the 3d of April, 1S53.

His father, Bernard Gilpin, was a wholesale druggist Vv’ho built up an

important business in Baltimore. His mother was Mrs. Mary B.

Gilpin. Joseph Gilpin, the earliest known ancestor in America of

this family, came from England in 1G9G, settling on the Brandywine

in Delaware. Among his ancestors in England, Bernard Gilpin was

known in the reign of Queen IMary as the “Apostle of the North.

Among the more recent members of the family. Honorable Henry D.

Gilpin, a prominent lawyer, was attorney-general of the United

States during President Buchanan’s administration. William Gilpin

went with General J. C. Fremont on the famous exploring expedition

in the then unknown Northwestern territory, and he became the first

governor of Colorado.

His boyhood was passed in Baltimore and he attended Friends’

elementary and high school. In 1SG9, in his seventeenth year,

he went into business with his father. He has regarded his business

as a wholesale druggist and manufacturing chemist somewhat in the

light of a profession, and he has contributed actively, by his own effort

and by his advice, to the maintenance of high standards in the matter

of manufacturing and distributing to the trade drugs, medicines, and

chemical supplies. In all the social and philanthropic life of Balti-

more, he has taken an active interest.

On the 27th of October, ISSG, he married Miss Hattie Newcomer.

They have had three children, two sons and one daughter, all of

whom are living in 1907.

In politics ^Ir. Gilpin is identified with the Republican party.

His favorite forms of amusement are yachting and driving. ]\Ir.

Gilpin is president of the Athenaeum Club, commodore of the Baltimore

Yacht Club, a member of the ^laryland Club, and of the Elkridge

Hunt; he is also a member of the Baltimore Club. He is a member of

jiiijcinb sloBirfOilw ,-90cmbuy 'i<j .SHOOffS YHVi3^

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io nodcoetn 4J ai sH Tdtil'J 'nomhlcSF *jH>1o lodm^nn o&14%l oil ;tii0H

HENRY BROOKE GILPIN 163

the Rittenhouse Club of Philadelphia. In New York City he is a mem-ber of the Atlantic and Larchmont Yacht Clubs, and of the Drug Trade

Chib of New York. The journals of the Drug Trade have contained

numerous articles from his pen: and others wdth reference to his bus-

iness and his life; and in the publications which chronicle the inter-

ests and events of yachting life, Mr. Gilpin has had prominent men-

tion repeatedly.

His address is 1230 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, Md.

s^.n’I 3«na orli lo hnc .«luO «.

banifiixio? avjiii *b«rt’ ju'vQ SrfJ,', .f*S,»

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•aefli

ALEXANDER BURTON HAGNER

H AGNER, ALEXANDER BURTON, associate justice of the

Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, was appointed

in 1879 and held the position until June 1, 1903. The

bench of this court has been occupied by jurists some of whose

dicisions were the only authority on important questions which no

other court except the Supreme Court of the United States has juris-

diction to decide. Born in the city of Washington, District of Colum-

bia, July 13, 1826, he was the youngest but one of eleven children.

His father was a trusted public officer for fifty-eight years, having

been appointed a clerk during the administration of President

Washington. He was a man of “unswerving integrity, marked

industry and intelligence and devotion to duty.” His mother,

Frances Randall Hagner, was a woman of strong intellectual charac-

ter and exerted an ennobling influence on her son. Both the paternal

and the maternal grandfather of Justice Hagner served in the Revo-

lutionary war.

Youthful games, sports and study, filled the years of his boy-

hood; and he early developed a taste for gardening and for mechanical

work. This last mentioned bent was so strong that he writes: “Onthe bench I took pleasure in deciding patent office cases, involving

nice questions about inventions.”

He was sent to the best schools in Washington and Georgetown,

and was graduated from Princeton college in 1845. He read law with

his uncle, Alexander Randall, in Annapolis, Maryland, and formed

a partnership with him in 1854, which continued until 1876, and

after that date the firm name was continued though the partnership

was with his cousin, J. Wirt RandallT Mr. Hagner was actively

engaged in the duties of his profession in the Court of Appeals, cir-

cuit courts of Anne Arundel, Calvert, and other counties, in the

courts of Baltimore, and before committees of the state legislature,

from April, 1848, until January, 1879. During this time he was

employed in numerous important cases involving novel and inter-

esting questions, acting at times as judge advocate of courts-

I

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fhh/ l>cni oH ni moifbsktci/biits afiw bm^l

bocmol luir. .bo/Jv.'inK ,bi\oqiuuik at JiubnuH 'fobiivxoIA ,obmi,eid

Imc ,0T8I Iffim !»oimfJnoo ii<ii(hf rmii .

a

nrrifHnTtfiq’Ofii fiûarii bonniaioo axiw Ofluifi mul orfl oiBi)

yI'ivijtJG RAW •fgnscH m\L lixft .t> ,i<i^W05 aid

-lb .UiioqnA lo JiwoO orll lu noia-aolotq aW k> aobiib nr bggBîfd

grir iii ^'u.hm\o brifl ,Jio'/[«0 îubnmA eliiioa )!iuo^

.nii/jGlwêl oiAia oil) lo aooninmnoo oiolod bits .nôaiiilGAf^lo aiirmo'

-fA siiii) -îihjitl .‘KBI ,IhqA mm!

-igiuj bnfi lovBa^flivlo'/ni i Jk-ao )uii)'iof|nii ai bo’ôIqnSo

-anooo io oiii:}ovl>« o^bot at: mnii tn

ALEXANDER BURTON HAGNER 167

martial. He was attorney for the Farmer’s National Bank of

Annapolis, Maryland, of which he was a director. In politics a Whig,

as such he w^as elected to the Maryland legislature in 1854, and during

that session served as chairman of the Committee on Ways and

Means. In 1857 he was an independent union candidate for congress,

but was unsuccessful. In 1860, he was one of the Bell and Everett

electors in Maryland. He w^as commissioned, January 29, 1879, as

one of the associate judges of the Supreme Court of the District of

Columbia, to succeed Judge Olin; and he served nearly twenty-five

years, the first native of the District who ever occupied a judicial

position within its borders.

He is connected with the Protestant Episcopal church. Of his

reading, he says, “good historical and biographical works chiefly

interest me, with good novels which I enjoy very much. Still I amfond of driving and riding on horseback; walking and hunting; but

am not much of a proficient in any games of modern times.” “Thewishes of my parents accorded with my own as to my choice of a pro-

fession, after I recovered from the predilections of my youth; but

accident, as is generally the case, had a great deal to do with myimpulses. Home, school, early companionship, and contact with

men in active life—each of these in almost equal proportion was

operative with me, in attaining such measure of success as I can

claim to have attained, and wdiatever failure there has been in myideals, has been from lack of ambition, and distaste for the methods

usually considered essential to political success.” He adds, “ I

should urge young Americans to study and abide by the advice of

George Washington in his farewell address; to love their country and

reverence such of its men as have followed the precepts of Washing-

ton. Absolute truthfulness and sobriety of life will certainly insure

success to those who have the ability to perform the duties devolving

upon them.”

He married in 1854, Louisa, daughter of Bandolph Harrison, of

Goochland county, Virginia. The degree of LL.DT was conferred

upon Justice Hagner by St. John’s college, Annapolis, Maryland.

He is a member of the Cosmos club, of the American Historical

Association, of the National Geographic Society, and of the Sons of

the American Revolution; of the Virginia Historical Society; an ex-

president and now’ vice-president of the Washington Alumni Society

of Princeton; and for many years president of the South River club

UoqxsmiA1,1 J»n«fr booite’*! »'rmm'i ^ ^.gWW «.«»i#iloq nl ,^.

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io ynvba »‘ii yd 9bid« bfin agitf hJi/orfe?

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lo tno^^ adi ’to b«a vJnij ^y^sboS Ifeoko^^fli a«ul

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<r[tib lavijl rih/o8^6dJ Vo 3 biia tooJaanh^ lou. ..A r.i. B

168 ALEXANDER BURTON HAGNER

of Anne Arundel county, Maryland, organized in 1742. He is the

senior warden of St. John’s Episcopal church, of which his father was

one of the founders in 1816. On the thirty-first of ^larch, 1903, he

resigned his official position as Justice, to take effect on June 1,

following. On the last day of his appearance in court in general

term, the members of the bar presented to him, as a testimonial of

their regard, an elegant silver vase. A. S. Worthington, Esq., in

the presentation address, said: “The men who have been practicing

before you here for so many years, asking for and abiding by the

judgments which you have rendered, have for you the highest possible

regard. They recognize the fact that the ambition with which you

entered upon the practice of that profession which you followed so

many years at the bar, and have ornamented here so long upon the

bench, has been gratified; that in the practice of that profession your

life has been a success.”

fliVAOkH WOWUtt flatlHAWA..

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^''j-v^f'’ siiii4i'

CLAYTON COLMAN HALL

ALL, CLAYTON COLMAN, was born in Baltimore, Mary-

I Iland, on the 24th day of August, LS47. He is the son of

JL JL Xhomas William Hall and Elizabeth Stickney (Ward)

Hall. His father was a merchant and a prominent Mason; a direc-

tor of the Maryland Penitentiaiy; and one of the organizers of the

Merchants Bank of Baltimore.

Mr. Hairs ancestors came to America from Great Britain, either

from England, Scotland or Wales, several of them between the years

1636 and 1676. Among the more distinguished of these may be

named Samuel Penhallow, Chief Justice of New Hampshire, Hum-phrey Atherton, Major General in Massachusetts, Colonel Joshua

Wingate, who served at the siege of Louisburg, and John Cutt, whowas President of the New Hampshire Council and ex officio Governor.

Mr. Hall’s early life was spent in Baltimore, and his education

was chiefly obtained under private tutors and from private reading.

In early manhood he was active in fox-hunting, duck-shooting and

other outdoor sports.

At the age of fifteen years he began active business life in the

counting room of a mercantile house, though his habits were then

and continued to be those of a student. He has for nearly forty

years been an insurance actuary; and he is also a member of the bar.

He became actuary of the IMairdand Life Insurance Company in

1868; and this position he resigned in 1901 in order to give his entire

attention to private practice as a lawyer and consulting actuary.

He is now adviser of numerous corporations, and has been actuary

to the State Insurance Department since 1S7S; examiner of trust

companies for the Treasurer of Maryland since ISOS; and a memberof the State Board of Examiners of public accountants since 1900.

It was chiefly through his efforts that in 1S93 a commission was

appointed by the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore to consider

the subject of the construction of a sewerage system; and work upon

such a system has recently begun.

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0

172 CLAYTON COLMAN HALL

From 1881 to 1883 Mr. Hall pursued advanced courses of study

in physics, mathematics and political economy at the Johns Hopkins

University; and in 1902 he received from that institution the degree

of Master of Arts, causa honoris. He had previously received, in

1897, the degree of Bachelor of Laws from the University of Mary-

land.

In addition to other contributions to the history of Maryland,

Mr. Hall has published “The Lords Baltimore and the Maryland

Palatinate’’—an accurate and interesting history of the provincial

period of the State, originally delivered in the form of lectures at the

Johns Hopkins University in the year 1902.

As a result of his investigation of the subject, the beautiful

design of the provincial seal of Maryland was in 1876 restored as the

great seal of the State.

~ Mr. Hall is a charter member of the Actuarial Society of America,

and editor of its “Transactions.” For a number of years he was

active in the military establishment of the State, serving for three

years in the ranks, for three years as Captain in the 5th Regiment,

Maryland National Guard, and for five years on the brigade staff as

Major and Quartermaster. He is a member of the Maryland His-

torical Society and Chairman of its Committee on Publications; of

the Society of Sons of the Revolution in Maryland, of which he is

Historian; also of the Society of Colonial Wars; of the University

Club and of the Merchants Club. In politics Mr. Hall is a Democrat.

He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, has been Vestry-

man of St. Barnabas Church since 1871, and has been a member of

the Diocesan Convention and Chairman of its Committee on Dona-

tions. He is also a member of the Churchmen’s Club.

Since 1904 Mr. Hall has been lecturer in the Department of

Economics in the Johns Hopkins University, his subject being the

Theory and Practice of Insurance.

In 1895, on the 29th of June, Mr. Hall married ^liss Camilla

Ridgely IMorris, daughter of the late Thomas Hollingsworth Morris

and granddaughter of the late Honorable Reverdy Johnson. Theyhave two children, Clayton Morris Hall and Camilla Elizabeth

Pemberton Hall.

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dJadasfiS aUtissO bnn ilaH artioTA notv/dd .nîbltxb a^t avarf *

MuK oof-iadina*!

WILLIAM HALL HARRIS

For many months preceding President Roosevelt’s appoint-

ment of Îr.Warfield’s successor as postmaster of Baltimore, in

December, 1904, speculation had been rife regarding the

chances of the several avowed candidates.

Mr. Harris had never been an intense partisan, or the per-

sonal devotee of any party leader; and perhaps this was the reason

why his candidacy had not been publicly discussed.

In the legal circles, however, from which Mr. Harris was called to

assume direction of the Baltimore Post Office, by quiet method and dig-

nified practice he had won an enviable reputation as one of the lead-

ing lawyers of the city. Instantly the announcement of his appoint-

ment was made, the profession, as if with one voice, expressed

satisfaction and a belief that the postal affairs of the city w'ould be

administered with wisdom and justice. A postal service in Baltimore

w’hich has been free of so much as a rumor of partisan bias, and which

has met with the entire approval of all commercial interests because

of its business-like administration, resulted from the selection of Mr.

Harris as postmaster.

William Hall Hams wâs born in Baltimore, October 12, 1852.

His father, James Morrison Harris, wâs one of the leaders of the

Baltimore bar and a member of congress from 1856 to 1862. His

mother was, before her marriage, Miss Sidney Calhoun Hall. Amongthe ancestors of the family in the United States are William Harris,

w’ho came to Pennsylvania from Ireland; Joran Kyn, an officer in the

body guard of the Swedish governor of Delaw’are^ who came to Dela-

ware from Sw:eden during the first half of the seventeenth century;

Christopher Gist, who came to Maryland about 1660; John Hall, an

Englishman, who settled in Maryland about the same time; and John

Calhoun, who came from Scotland to Maryland before 1730. In the

line of John Calhoun was James Calhoun, who served as first mayorof Baltimore; and in the lino of John Hall was Josias Carvil Hall,

a colonel in the Revolutionary arniv.

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.vfifiS’^««>ltoI<r/sff arftoiriSnokW'*’

''•V".

176 WILLIAM HALL HARRIS

The childhood days of William Hall Harris were passed in the

country", where he occu|)ied much of his time with out-of-door sports.

He received his early education at a private school in Baltimore. Healso learned much in his home, his parents exerting a strong influence

for good on his intellectual, moral, and spiritual life.

WTien he made his entrance into the business world it was with

no set purpose of following a profession. In 1867 he became a clerk

in a coffee importing house, and until 1872 he filled various clerical

positions, in the latter year becoming a supercargo. From 1872

to 1874 i\Ir. Harris was a railway manager. He then determined

to enter the legal profession, and he read law in his father’s office

from 1874 to 1876. In the latter year he was admitted to the bar,

and has since that time practiced law in Baltimore.

In the same year that ^h\ Harris began his professional career he

was married to Miss Alice Patterson, daughter of Henry Patterson,

a son of William Patterson of Baltimore. The Harris family con-

sists of four children in addition to the parents: three sons and one

daughter. The family attends the First Presbyterian Church, of

which Mr. Harris is a trustee.

Mr. Harris belongs to a number of clubs and societies, amongothers to the Society of the Cincinnati, the Sons of the Pievolution,

the Maryland Historical Society, the University Club, and to the Bar

Associations of Baltimore and of the State of Maryland. He is assist-

ant general secretary of the Sons of the Revolution and a vice-president

of the Maryland Historical Society. In politics he has always been a

Republican, though his labors in his party’s behalf have usually been

performed in a quiet and unostentatious way. On December 26, 1904,

President Roosevelt appointed him postmaster of Baltimore City.

His minute care in administrative matters, his unfailing courtesy, his

remarkable tact and address, and his excellent ability and culture

admirably fit him for this position.

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7 #r

M

JOHN COHNHEIM HEMMETER

H EMMETER, JOHN COHNHEIM. In a city renowned,for

its physicians and surgeons, Dr. John C. Hemmeter of

Baltimore has attained a position of peculiar distinction in

the medical profession. In the practice of his calling he has built

up for himself an international reputation that wins for him, from

all sections of the country, patients who desire the treatment in

which he has specialized.

His practice is limited to diseases of the digestive organs

—

stomach, liver, intestines and diseases of metabolism, obesity, dia-

betes, gout, etc. As an instructor he has won distinction in the lec-

ture-room and physiologic laboratory, and in the administration of

educational institutions. Dr. Hemmeter’s lectures at the Univer-

sity of Maryland have been attended by a large portion of the younger

physicians and surgeons of the city of Baltimore, and by hosts of

men who are engaged in the medical profession elsewhere. While

engaged in teaching the truths which have already become estab-

lished in physiology and medicine, he has also devoted considerable

time to research work; and in the recording of his discoveries his

pen has found constant and valuable employment.

John C. Hemmeter was born in Baltimore on April 25, 1S63.

His father, John Hemmeter, was for many years general emigrant

agent of the Baltimore and Ohio Bailroad. He was born in Germany,

from which country he emigrated to America in 1850; and he was a

descendant of George Michael Hemmeter, an architect of renown,

who was a Royal Landrath, Horath and Magistratsrath, in Munich,

Bavaria. The ancestry of the Hemmeter family of Munich is traced

back to the history of Greece; the name is unddubtedly of Greek

origin. The father of Dr. Hemmeter was one of the founders and

directors of the German Orphan Asylum and of the German AgedPeople’s Home of Baltimore.

Dr. Hemmeter spent his youth in Baltimore, giving much atten-

tion during his early years to music and to nature study. At the

public schools of Baltimore, including the Baltimore City College,

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îbn4& ot Vhiia eid :^nh0b aoitodt M.osoIioO yiKKOiaoifttf ^ orii jaOiixfifiHaHv lo nloodoa oifduqi

180 JOHN coy HEIM HEMMETER

he received his early training. He olso studied for six years at the

Konigliches Gymnasium at vViesbaden. After completing his aca-

demic studies, lie entered the University of Maryland, from which he

was graduated with the degree of M.D. in 1884. In his young man-hood, he had come under the influence of such wmrks as Tyndall’s

Fragments cf Science,” and the Reign of Law” by the Duke of

Argyle. After completing his course for the degree of doctor of

medicine, he pursued certain philosophical studies, and m 1890 the

degree of doctor of philosophy was conferred upon him by the Johns

Hopkins University. He also did considerable post-graduate work

in physiology at the University of Berlin under Du Bois Reymond,and in chemistry at the Frecenius Laboratory at Wiesbaden.

Dr. Hemmetei began his professional career in 1884, wRen he

wâs appointed physician in charge of the Bayview Asylum, Balti-

more. Since that time he has filled a number of important positions,

having been at various times consulting physician, clinician, and

physiologist at tlie University of Maryland. He is consultant to

several hospitals, including that attached to his alma mater, and

since 1903 he has been professor of physiology and clinical professor

of medicine at the University of Maryland. It w'as through Dr.

Hemmeter’s efforts that sufficient funds were raised to construct and

equip the clinical and physiological laboratory at the hospital of

the University; and Dr. Hemmeter also serves as one of the regents

of this institution.

Dr. Hemmeter’s clinical and experimental researches in dis-

eases of the digestive organs have made his name familiar throughout

the medical wôrld; and numerous papers by him on this subject have

been published in American, French, and German medical and scien-

tific journals. Among his important contributions to medicine are

those relating to the pathologic histology of gastric hyperacidity, and

the causation of cancer of the stomach and the intestines.

In May, 1907, he announced his discovery of a hitherto unknowninternal secretion of the salivary glands. The only secretion of the

salivary glands theretofore known, wâs the saliva. But Hemmeter’

s

ne\v ^‘Salivary Secretin” does not pass through the salivary ducts

but into the blood circulation; and its function is to stimulate the

secretion of gastric juice. Excision of the salivary glands in dogs

causes loss of secretion of gastric juice eventually; and extract madefrom salivary glands wlien injected into the circulation brings about

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9hf:m J')iiTm h«ii

l4iofiii sanhil »dl ol/u bPlrHffi

JOHN COHNHEIM HEMMETER 181

a temporary restoration of secretion of gastric juice. (Publ. i. Proc.

8oc. F. Ex. Biol, and Med., 1907, N. Y.) Also in ‘'Science,’’ October

11, 1907, p. 473.

He has published many valuable works, among others: “TheOrganic Diseases of the Stomach,” “Diseases of the Intestines”

(2 volumes), “The Physiological Effects of Ergot and its Clinical

Applications,” “A History of the Discovery of the Circulation of

the Blood” (Johns Hopkins University Bulletin for May, 1905),

besides numerous contributions to medical journals in Europe and

America; “The Scientific, Poetic and Literary Activity of Albrecht

Von Haller” (Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, 1907), “The Physi-

ologic Effects of Ethylic Alcohol.” In 1902-1903, Wilbur F. Skillman,

M.D., and Charles C. Coaser, M.D., compiled all of Dr. Hemmeter’s

special publications, apart from the above larger works, in one vol-

ume, entitled “Experimental and Clinical Contributions to the

Science of Medicine, by J. C. Hemmeter.”

Dr. Hemmeter has been president of the American Gastro-entero-

logical Association, of the iMedical Journalist Club of Baltimore, of

the University of Maryland Medical Association, and other scientific

organizations. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the

Advancement of Science; Honorary Fellow of several State Medical

Societies; associate editor of “Archiv fiir Verdaungskrankheiten,”

and of the “Archiv fiir Klinische Medizin of Berlin; and correspond-

ing member of Konigl : Kaiserl: Gesellsch. Oestreichischer Aerzte,

member of the Konig Kais. Gesellschaft f. innere Medizin u. Kinder-

heilkunde, Vienna, and of the Congress fiir Innere Medizin, Germany.

On January IS, 1S93, Dr. Hemmeter was married to Helene

Emelia Hilgenberg of Baltimore. He is a communicant of BrownMemorial Presbyterian Church. He is a member of the University

Club, the Johns Hopkins, and the Germania Clubs of Baltimore, and

also belongs to the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland Uni-

versity, the Johns Hopkins Medical Society, and the Baltimore Med-ical Journal Club. The Board of Governors of St. John’s College,

Annapolis, in 1S95, conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doc-

tor of Laws. A life-size portrait painted by the Baltimore artist,

Louis Dietrich, was recently presented to Dr. Hemmeter by his asso-

ciates and former post-graduate pupils. There were 100 subscribers

to the portrait fund.

The diversion of Dr. Hemmeter’s busy life is music. He has

p', XHOl '

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"ftSsS 7H .oi-trM t 9I ’ /e c a i03'H7:n3H .iH lo Îni^ôvib sdT

182 JOHN COKNKEIM HEMIvIETER

devoted much time to the study of theory and harmony, and has

written compositions for the piano and voice, as well as for full

orchestra and mixed chorus. His cantata, Hygeia, for full orches-

tra and male chorus, was first produced in Baltimore at a convention

of the American Medical Association in 1896, and since then has been

rendered in many cities of this country. He has also composed a

musical setting for the Twenty-third Psalm for full orchestra and

chorus. He studied the theory of music under Professor Jahn,

Director of the Imperial Opera at Wiesbaden, and later of Vienna,

and he has appeared in the role of contributor to the literature of

music with a biography of Theodore Billroth, and a translation into

English of this author's work on the ^'Psychology of Music,” and in

a number of articles in German musical journals and in the "Musical

Courier” of New York.

In 1904 Dr. Erdman Brandt, and Dr. Carl N. Brandt, of NewY'ork, dedicated their work on "Topographic and Physiologic

Anatomy” which contains many valuable illustrations, to Prof. J. C.

Hemmeter. He was also appointed president of the Centennial Cele-

bration of the University of Maryland, which w^as held from May 30

to June 2, 1907. His works on diseases of the stomach and on

diseases of the intestines have been translated into German.

r

1

;dS8I

..,.! bm ,v«o!m«H to*. 1o lUaJa

|t«l lol W Ilw »ii .•>!>iov feo*' o.yjf’ 9fi1 w'».*iKM*Sa«qmo»^

-6«dvno IU.i to!- i-iH hw.im bo«

.ounsvnoo t , i hW!'lK>iq Mu=» ?8* btia «i

;„.vJ w«! i.id» h.u .fteai .'} noiiobo««A*’l^-JibaM aebi-wrnô^

1 b-»nqrao:i ^t« 8*d 9H .v-.4,t.wo Ud.» 'fo &9ii(9 XMia lu hâbn-n

Irf.«n »it0« to

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to .iî..iffr.Tii -iAi ..•! wti-clnriioo to atoi sdJ

ojal 8 bo* .dJoTlJiH flioboj.fr Iq V;%t|(>y_4

qi Imc ••.!>i«oU to 7yotorf'.T«‘^ ’" od^ no 3«V>V to djdsfla,

tc;irr.i/M “ oiU m bnArtlo(f:i/o[ Ift'jkuitjIdwifnirfl «

f." )o '^'loru/oO

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ai^nto«^d4 bcm wulqiJ'iiôqoT'^ no >^t^v?

rr.l «kj ,dfK>hjnlÎU

-obO f^jlo^

Oti v^K moil bl«d H’urfw ô to aoiJatd^

no ban ibcttioê ©tit to eowie«^ m ôâl ivmt w/£,d isO(w>a©Ôi arft 1o e^?iB£Mub

JAMES BARNES HENDERSON

Henderson, JAMES BARNES, Associate Judge ofl[the

Sixth Judicial Circuit of Maryland, was born in the village

of Neelsville, Montgomery county, Maryland, March 23,

1845. His parents were James S. H. and Rosanna J. (Neel) Hender-

son. His father was a Presbyterian clergyman, a man of impulsive

nature but of fine mnnd, with firm convictions and pronounced

opinions. The mother, who was a daughter of one of the founders

of the village in which both she and the subject of this sketch were

born, was a woman of excellent endowments of mind and heart.

The earliest known ancestors of the family in America were of Scotch-

Irish blood. They emigrated from the north of Ireland and settled

in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, before the War of the Revolu-

tion. On the maternal side his great-grandfather served in the

Continental Army, in which he attained the rank of major.

The early years of the life of James Barnes Henderson were

passed in the small village in which he was born. His health was

good, and, with the exception of a strong desire to read the lives of

great men, especially the biography of Napoleon Bonaparte his

favorite book, his tastes and interests were those of the average

village boy of his time and locality.

When they were in session he was a constant attendant at the

public schools, but, in order that he might be led to form habits of

industry and economy, he was kept regularly employed during his

vacations. From the public schools he went to an academy in

Pennsylvania, where he remained for about five years, after which,

he completed his education as far as public institutions are concerned,

at a normal school in the same State.

He commenced the active work of life when only seventeen years

of age, as teacher of a public school in Pennsylvania. Later he

removed to ^laryland, where he taught school for three years, and,

while engaged in teaching, also studied law.

In ISGS he was admitted to the bar and at once commencedactive practice. Hard work and careful attention to the interests

I

M08^3OM3H

-wfaniH (l^t^) ;L uHrSsolI h«fi ?iSw!*ift9i*qB£H;^«ll8I*i?itluqmi 1o lusm e «neffi'^9t$iwl^!||iu9’ /««^^fiV’atH, .aoab»-.nuoo,vi., )>iT« wKvijîviiOT mi»®i»r|\bnwn ânaj «uj«nOT^bniio} iiri r 5o ‘tiw k> is^rtsqffjv 6^gj*’ff tjj^w grfX * .enoiniqooiB ff .htBAg tiiij ‘to Jif,i..iu8 9^,pm of^ tUad ifeWiw'hi 9|«{liv odHo. fio^tl bfri! Kirifn i-t H}W9WWt)fett§**

^ »»»*» *»w«nA i»i\riOTla.»<b^«(>-^wr«.mÎrJnoa line, bmhtl to rihm^ V^T ^hooid dmlulovoil 9rf,> 10 rr.7/ odi a-toiasj

9riJ (li i,ovi38 Witto5tei:ia,)<j9^ sij| .9fo% nO 'i-.noU

,ioi«m 1o jlflisi liUnsnSirfiOto»v/ noîtothwH agniufi ssaaial fe alff'sijfj ki^wisa-j -/ha» adT .

«Kw /(alcori biH .Btot! isw 9p skiin’ tlBuiB odi iii fis^qlo BBvfl ad) liEsi o»J siftot' jifimta « t(ôtjqo%9 sdt dJhff. ,ba«%bobs8i.l 'PmqitooH f«)Bloc,E,K iJ-

eînevr, aill 1o aeniH wifaFeld Jdod pjhoval

,'®'.f jI"* :

*wJj in iiijjhnoiifi'*îfi uedW

io ttiJf.iI miol oj L&l ad idgua sd Md*'isl«o"(if ,tod .eloods* aifduq8..I a'l'ioL. liavotqm-j xhalnaat jqojf soVî ,x"!onoM bn* ^viJeubninr vnHbiiiE m\ oj tuaff ad g[Do4^; fjt.iwq adt mcrt ^.anoOaair ^

,rf9triw loj'b) ,toaaq avil tuc^. whSkdimaa »d atadwî^drwvlxaflna*! ^.bsiito'inoa oia anoij«jjji-,ni nldiiq bc'tuS^; floijBiiiba liii baJaJqaioa ad

"'HfTO sii| Ip orft bo*>)7‘^fnixii^9<f itocJ .Ei«,avl'fBmi.-)T m loortoa Mldwi a iO MriDaat?ea

,9^ \a, n* ,to/i9v aandi nfl (ood-js Jijûtsj aifcoaadrw ol hyromm, t. • ItoJfouJB r^fe (Snirioaat ni bMnsBa oJiriwbaaîntmoa sooo ir. hue ^laii aiti 6d<hai)tatbtt eaw ad 8d^ ‘aleu-mlm ail) cj cohnaftE fuVirra bn« dtov? inaHo MHomrt ayifaao .. a,- -

' /x~<

18G JAMES BARNES HENDERSON

of his clients made him widely and favorably known to the puldic

and gave him an honorable rank in his profession. In 1879, on the

occurrence of a vacancy in that office, he was appointed State’s

Attorney for Maryland. Later in the year he was elected to tiiis

office; and he was reelected in 1883. In January, 1895, he was

appointed Associate Judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Maryland,

and in the followdrig November he was elected to this' high position

for the full constitutional term of fifteen years. Among other posi- i

tions of honor and influence wffiich have been held by Judge Hender-

son, may be named those of director of the Montgomery County

National Bank; trustee and treasurer of the Rockville Academy; and

trustee of the Rockville Presbyterian Church.i

Judge Henderson was married, August 11, 1870, to Clara S.

Anderson, of Rockville, Maryland. They have had eight children,

of whom seven were living in 1905.

Believing that a judicial position should be a bar to political 1

activity, either as regards parties or factions. Judge Henderson has|

not, in recent years, been active in politics, though from his earliest J

political life he has been identified with the Democratic party. His 1

religious affiliations are with the Presbyterian Church. He has never|

given special attention to athletics, or adopted any system of phys-|

ical culture; but he finds both pleasant relaxation and healthful

exercise in w^alking.

In the choice of a profession. Judge Henderson followed his owninclination, with which, how’ever, his parents were in full sympathy.

His esteem for his father and his deep and lasting affection for his

mother, have exerted a strong influence upon his life and have helped

him greatly in his efforts to win success.

He is a man of courteous manners, genial disposition, and kindly

heart. In the large circle of his acquaintances he is universally

respected as a citizen, while as a jurist he is highly honored by the

bar and the general public. By virtue of both character and accom-

plishment he takes a high rank among the “Men of Mark in Mary-

land. To young men, and especially to tho.se whose educational

advantages are limited, his life should be an encouragement and an

inspiration.

Judge Henderson resides at Rockville, Montgomeiy County,

Maryland.

v:oa>i:iav:au flavin /.a

nv/nn>l bnii mW «iid B:»Jj ni ,0TJ?r nl ^t/i fti 'Anm i)n«

fcdJfliciiqit i'iiw oH ,9*->fSo hulJ nr J5

03 b'ltogiij Sir// ijd in97b9di ni ioiM

8/iV7 'td (VTnoftijt. fil .^1 ni

,bfti:l*'tnK. jhrVtio i/*ioibui d>xk oilt }o l>avtnipcjqft )

d?itfi sid-^ {>o.i*i9l6 ?.;V77 ail

.i«oq lodJo igflomA iifinM W w\

-is*l>itDll -#5.|>i/l 7d bl:lrf nnad 9v/ui (bidw tfJii w«o|l .^.. anoil

vittuyO vinmo^^J^ndld Gîl TO 'loiDolifi ^0:

l4iB ;74nab/:oA aUi’/dMn>l gtij Jo laii/^spii'bnn kapi^«M ""AH./ItumIO aisWaiyJapi^Jâlli'TiooiJl «dj

H lif^D 05 ^07^1 11 4?JlsrÂ ,teiîidi ho«;’Tab0oii ygbwV^

>

iir«bl(H ) Jd-^b hitri avjid v^dT Ip^âoâbnA,

.gO(u,^jV| 4IivaiMiloq 04 xfjcl 41. ad blTTode

'lid iiOiaofanoH a^nl. .euoiiwjl xo iiitoiiq

ii>jcrdM^^ id ritfml ji|Hôd4 êai^'kKt iii^^vJjyjs; naod Joa' fH .Y>h£q $iU'Jooftvj(l ori4 dfiw i^Sx^bi.-^ a4iM b5iliioq

104^!! ?.Bif oH .ilmi/iU) ojnh04fcteen‘X dvHw ara a0pl44ilJ6a ai/olgitiiT

lo mo^FYd *^nn haTqpbn 7O„t^0i4atd4a 04 liuaaqa a33r*j||j

lifldliaed bna aotici^.iihi â^tbtsîq liJPd

EBS^^“

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ni

aid Jâvroilot «ji>?n»^>ji>0'JiH

r-cdîuiin-â I'lur ni r?T4v/ 8in^*jAq

Hd xol iioimBfi bn« qaob Bid^hflu iffl

i’^4l3fl avori hnii idif srd nocfn yanaidini

lii'ff qI m/ JI>ni 4 biui .nohiaoqalb ?jio94w0al<>Xinf|n

vHngia'/i/fjt Bi Off ''.aarqunui^paii etrl lo, alrii?) aSl4 ni JTaoii

?ili yd ban-'Hori yid^^bi; 4ara;i n «>; ae b-34^^&qam^•oirmfi btia ‘loooctfirio dlod lo au4ii7 .aiidwqjbiian^ od4 kan ^-y-uil/i ni ylini/- \o ydt dnxii dsifiJa ad îiafafteiJq

^

ir.nofin'juhsf 'p*odi of pimtaqimJiii l>r,c ntotuopnvmwo c« od blwodie a\iJ sid

.-t, , 'vv*‘;> .xioidai^wii

.

»V4if(joO yjmiQii^TdU pilv}f'jo}J 4n mhi&sys iioOT-jb^naiil

RICHARD CURZON HOFFMAN

H offman, RICHARD CURZON. Prominent among the

names of those who helped to regain for Baltimore her

commercial prominence after the Civil War, is that of Rich-

ard Curzon Hoffman, whose career is typically that of a business

leader fighting the city’s battles against Northern capitalists and

promoters. Hr. Hoffman had sympathized with the South in her

contention upon the question of State Rights, and cast his lot with

the Confederate States, serving as a soldier during the entire war.

When the Southern Cause became a lost cause, with characteristic

courage he returned home and immediately entered the thick of the

commercial battle which was then waging against his native city.

Mr. Hoffman never for a moment relented in his campaign lor the

advancement of Baltimore’s commercial interests; and from the time

of his return after the surrender at Appomattox, to the present day,

he has been on the alert to defeat an}^ scheme that would take from

the city aught of her importance as a business center.

Richard Curzon Hoffman was born in Baltimore, in the old

mansion which stood at No. 1 West Franklin street, on July 13, 1S39.

His father, Samuel Hoffman, was one of the most prominent mer-

chants of his day, distinguished alike for his integrity and good busi-

ness judgment, and for his generosity. During the business crisis of

1837, he performed yeoman’s service in helping his fellow-merchants,

and for his kindness at this time he was afterwards presented with

a silver epergne as a testimonial of their gratitude and regard.

The founder of the Hoft'man family in x\merica was Jan Peter

Hoffman, who emigrated from Germany in 1745, and settled at Rose

Gardens, near Frederick City, Maryland; his son, l^eter Hoffman,

came to Baltimore, where his descendants have lived ever since.

FJizabeth Rebecca Becker Curzon Hoffman, the mother of Richard

Curzon Hoffman, was the daughter of Richard Curzon, Jr., of the

distinguished family of Curzon of Kedlcston, England, among whose

colonial ancestors were Major General John Hammond, Colonel

Nicholas Greenberry, and John Moale.

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yiome mc^nmw-i^ .>10:^^110 (IHAHDI^ T19 ff ioV I 1^

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ii la 4itxf3 ^ ,jnX{fnBa'H»' nosii^ biaj*

bojt ai9<iJip^€ labaal

iimI ni litf/o^ siU fUk/ .iîajomoKj

i{ji/f Jol yfjl tey bfrx; 0 eiiJ noqif noiâsjno!)^

.lay/ (nisao tniii/b

9i>^na}')axwjy ikiv a ^fmood n|ailiim^3di.^n9£f7/

ari? lo '/I'n'Hi a/ii VjlstafeOTxiil bxm

.'îh avLrcfi /<iiri; ianlfiga ^î^ ldrmamaôdi io'i n;(iaqma*) giri ni ^xiararfoS a ial twfx (fiitrnlioH .iM

auiir aff'J motl boa ; aJ(rbfe3ijiH jiiafnadsarfei^

,'{ai) Jai>bytq axfx oi tailit rntriert eirf Id

moi'i bb/'ow {»'a4‘t iio^d a&d od

/iotnoo, H8odkMM Ip iiiî/p

bio ddi ni â-ioni llhl^ f»|f. ntdil . ImilalH'

’^lifl. no ieo7/ t

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-WKl booi^ bca eiil lo atnedo

lo <tmio -ijaoitlaiid odi ^nliiKI tsea

idbiailoia<a-wollal?bi ^niqfarf ni k^djtio^vhormohoq od ^XSSf

dd^vr bm(m*nq ghwm^lk m^r od omii gfcditbniji' sid loi bius

Jjinabi fo«A abiJJli^Ms lioiii loÎaiiicotitoi a kk onmoas lavfie a^4

M

;:|t»i ID«A 0DiJiHX:'t§ ii9ii3 loîanicoticraa} a ea Qiijjiaqa

laiSU nal. «u5V7 a-maniA nbYiiniclf ayfmlloH ail4 lo isbnjjol adToaoil in boliioabni;ôl*Vi ni vnanjjii^moflîinftiTloM *19^9^ ,no8 eid ;bnnlTiBl7 d/yllofei'I

odw .a/ifnBoH

man ênobinl^^1OY0 bar/i\ evcii ^Jdpbnp'?Rab^;i$Sf^ oi omao

innd‘ij)[,io lodJom odi 4SS djodfiîlS':

adtli) j-il. ,uosiuM b.indpUi lo^; ioidsnid>'%k bu'^ .namBoH nostwO

oaojh/r;iinont/s ^biud^nSL ,no^89n)^/Iilp'OOSî0 vfinial^bajfeijJSttiWb

lanofoD iLfloiitn ali iuji(>fc 'Irian;^ ibb^l^’Triavf nioiaaoiifi Ininoloa’

“loicfe Mot b/wi^'îadnaoiO eclod*>i>l''

' 7^. f :if'f'Yl-"*

j*?)«>

190 RICHARD CURZON HOFFMAN

Mr. Hoffman’s early youth was spent in Baltimore, where he

attended the Chestnut Hill and McNally schools,two of the best knowneducational institutions of the day. In 1856 he decided to follow a

mercantile career, and leaving school entered the office of Gilmor

Hoffman, a stock broker, where he filled the humble position of office

boy. Mr. Hoffman continued in this business until the outbreak

of hostilities in 1861. He had always been a sympathizer with the

South, and in April, 1861, he went to Richmond, where he was mus-

tered into the Confederate service on May 24, as lieutenant of Com-

pany B, 21st Virginia Volunteer Infantry, “Stonewall” Jackson’s

Second Brigade. Afterwards he was promoted to a captaincy, and

he was with General Robert E. Lee when the latter surrendered his

army at Appomattox Court House, on April 9, 1865.

Mr. Hoffman returned to Baltimore in 1866 and reentered busi-

ness life. He founded the firm of Hoffman, Thompson and Company,

iron merchants, with D. Bowley Thompson as his partner. Uponthe death of Mr. Thompson, he continued the business of which he

is still the head, as R. C. Hoffman and Company. This firm is the

representative of the Pennsylvania Steel Company, the Maryland

Steel Company, the Central Iron and Steel Company, the Pulaski

Iron Company, the Reed Island Iron Company, and the Union Mining

Company.

In 1883 Mr. Hoffman began his career as a railroad official,

becoming vice-president of the constituent companies of the Seaboard

Air Line Railway and the Baltimore Steam Packet Company; and

on the death of Mr. Robinson, in February 1893, he was made presi-

dent. In 1894 the Southern Railroad, J. P. Morgan, and Ryan inter-

ests desired to acquire a holding in the Seaboard and Roanoke Rail-

road—which was the parent company—and made a bitter attack

upon the combination in order to gain control. This move was fol-

lowed by one of the hardest fought railroad wars of the century, which

was continued until 1896. Mr. Hoffman met the attack at every

turn, and each time came out victorious. A truce of two years was

finally declared, ^Ir. Hoffman being permitted to name his o^\n

terms; but before the truce had expired the railroad property had so

greatly appreciated in value that a sale was made of all the stock

of the parent company at a large profit to the holders. In recogni-

tion of the valued services of Mr. Hoffman in his efforts to conserve

the interests of the stockholders, they presented him with an elab-

orate dinner service of silver.

p

Oil *}V*tlfr .oiomi'ffifl fli ^(i/wi!» }»i 9rfi^loo!i7J-,eloo«h«i{il«%9K

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8;ft djiw TMifljaqroya c ntad eyfl/Îs £rad sH .t081 ni wwltMÂod

-•»\jnrt Ryv? q/I

\o Jmtl

idsjiqiffva £ Mfi jft ,icm m m^msjma ^ jf

tsi yr.U «0 aplviiMs

beiomoiq

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*9 IkqA U 'ximd^'

laud ^toht^9i bm ddti ni it^tdmhhil '<>)

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itiiftift aoiiKl 9ri')'bfi« ^-îicq^cO

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-lol <v/rjyvom biiCF .foittrroo lobio fli olokiirrMinoo sdtôoqii'

duriiv/ »x7U!iK)9 *)ik lo Hi/iw bjKVilittiiddfuol lo ono ^(d

vi‘.rr9 i;; vlnftttr. odi i^tn niifnloH .ii4 .^9^1 Ihmi boijfibabo^ e*#*'"

8i4;ax O'/rl lo 9t)rnt A iEiioitnJolsr iiio fftrtm mtiS thiio bxm taiul

n/fo ftbi Mfujn oj bd.t)?nn9q tri:$tt1kili

on had Nîiiqo'jq b*ioi{txn 9dJ b9*uqx9 9d) ^ctod imi"

*4'»o)s 9tl3 Ilii^ lo xi tû# m^fay iti^

'irtôooi. aI oik 01 Hôtq eâi K’:^ xnx^qxwoo iubtcq btliJ'

•m«wno9 oj fvtic^r rjiI ft/

m

mfiaH /tK lo bnik^ 9dt lo noi4r^^^ -*;k 4i|ivf^>

fi& dim Luiii bsJrn’ioiq vodi .iri9t)iodivoje lb ^

.lovlfii lo oDiv79ft rmaib oimC -^"

RICHAED CURZON HOFFMAN 191

Thereafter Mr. Hoffmau retired froiTi railroad management and

resumed his labors in the business to vv'hich he had previously given

his time and energies. In addition to his supervision of the affairs

of the iron merchant business, Mr. Hoffman is connected with manyother enterprises. He was a director of the National Farmers and

Planters Bank; the Baltimore Trust and Guarantee Company; the

Mercantile Trust and Deposit (i^ompany; the Old Dominion Steam-

ship Company of New York; the Roanoke, Norfolk and Baltimore

Steamboat Company; the Reed Island Iron Company; the Foster's

Falls Iron Company; the Maryland Steel Company; the Security Fire

Insurance Company; the Savings Bank of Baltimore; and a numberof other financial and industrial companies but retains a director-

ship in only the Savings Bank of Baltimore, and in the ^Maryland

Steel Company in which company he is largely interested.

Mr. Hoffman is a member of the vSociety of Colonial Wars; the

United Confederate Veterans; the Society of the Army of Northern

Virginia in Virginia; and the Society of the Maryland Army and

Navy of the Confederate States in Maryland. He is president of the

Maryland Club, and a member of the Bachelor's Cotillon, the

Country Club, the Junior Cotillon, the Maryland Jockey Club, and

other clubs.

He married, October 28, 18S0, Miss Eliza Lawrence Dallam,

the daughter of Edward Boothby Dallam and Henrietta Mactier

Dallam. They have six children: Richard Curzon Hoffman, Jr.;

Henrietta Mactier Hoffman, Elizabeth Curzon Hoffman, MaryDorothea Hoffman, Wilmer Hoffman, and Eliza Lawrence Hoffman.

mi>i w-

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DUA tk^rnBoHnavij, -ilwsiWtnti JW sri

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sioinoiq-s«9J2 tfounmoa I.IO

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9tlJ to JMsoiwq « all vvaK9di

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bait .dii.D v,djf3ot fenf.fv5ia^ s4} YitomO

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T;jri8trafi

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. nsmB<Î5 c*on^>iwi^£ ' ‘ ,’fr-

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JOHN MIFFLIN HOOD

H ood, JOKN MIFFLIN. when the active career of John

Mifuin Hood; railroad president, was brought to a close in

December, 1906, one of the most conservative newspapers

of the South said, in an editorial: “ Probably no citizen of Baltimore

within the memory of men of this generation contributed more largely

to the material welfare and prosperity of this city and of the State of

Maryland than did John Mifflin Hood.”

He was born at Bowling Green, near Sykesville, Maryland, on

April 5, lS-13. His father. Dr. Benjamin Hood, was a practicing

physician who had married Miss Hanna Mifflin Coulter of Baltimore.

Their son studied in the elementary schools of Howard and Harford

counties, and later entered Rugby’s Institute at Mt. Washington, from

which he was graduated in 1859. Previous to this, however, he

had developed a passion for higher mathematics and engineering, and

he sought at once an opportunity to gratify his desire to become an

engineer.

At the age of sixteen, he began his career as a railroad man.

His first service was with an engineering corps, then constructing

a new line for the Delaware Railroad. This corps of builders was sub-

sequently engaged to construct portions of the Eastern Shore Rail-

road of Maryland, and young Hood continued with it. During the

first two years of his work as an engineer, he gave his superiors such

evidences of his ability as prompted them to advance him to the posi-

tion of assistant engineer.

In August of ISGl, determined to try a field with which he was

unacquainted, but of which he hoped greater things than he had been

able to attain in the somewhat restricted home territory, where he

had worked from IS59 to ISGl, he went to Brazil. The conditions

in South America did not, however, prove as promising as he had

anticipated. At about the time when the enthusiastic young engi-

neer had become discouraged with the outlook in Brazil, he received

news of the struggle between the North and South; and he deter-

mined to cast his lot with the Confederate States. Hastening home

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JOHN MIB'FLIN HOOD 195

to Baltimore, he soon ran the blockade and placed himself at the

service of the Confederacy.

He was at first assigned as topographical engineer and draughts-

man to the engineering corps engaged in constructing the road from

Danville, Virginia, to Greensboro, North Carolina, now known as

the Piedmont Division of the Southern Railway. When the work

upon which he had been engaged was completed, preferring to per-

form active military duty, he declined a commission in the engineer-

ing corps and enlisted as a private in Company C of the 2d Maryland

Infantry, Army of Northern Virginia. He served with this companyuntil the spring of 1SG4. But men of his training were both valuable

and scarce in the South, and he consented to return to his original

work, receiving a commission as second lieutenant in Company B, 1st

regiment of engineering troops. He held this position until the sur-

render at Appomattox. He was wounded seven times in various

engagements; and at Stanaixks Mill, during the Spottsylvania cam-

paign, he had his left arm shattered above the elbow. Although

at first the surgeons despaired of saving the arm, in course of time

the injury was entirely cured.

Returning from the battlefield to his native State, in September

of 1865 he was engaged by the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti-

more Railroad to make surveys for the extension of the line of the

Philadelphia and Baltimore Central between the Susquehanna river

and Baltimore. He was next placed in charge of the work of the same

company upon the Port Deposit branch; and at the same time, as

chief engineer of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad, he

constructed the line through Cecil county to the Susquehanna. Sub-

sequently he was appointed superintendent as well as chief engineer

of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central, and in 1870 he assumed

the duties of superintendent of the Florida Railroad, later knownas the Atlantic, Gulf, and West India Transit Company. His ser-

vices were engaged by the Oxford and York Railroad, a narrow gauge

line in Pennsylvania, in November, 1871; while performing the duties

of this office, he also served as chief engineer of a projected line which

was known as the Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York Railroad,

the construction of which was discontinued by the panic of 1873.

Throughout these years ^Ir. Hood was gaining the experience

and the valuable technical knowledge which were to serve him so

well in the greatest undertaking of his life, the rehabilitation of the

mm'jou /.hoi

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196 JOHN MIFFLIN HOOD

Western Marylanxd Railroad. On the surface of things there appeared

little to attract a man of his ability to such a position as the Western

Maryland could offer him in 1874; and yet he was drawn to it, because

of his affection for his native State and his belief that he could makethe road of great value to Maryland. The company of which he soon

became president was at that time in a very precarious' condition.

The road had been fostered by the city of Baltimore; but it seemed

destined to exist only as a parasitic enterprise, draining the city’s

finances and offering no return. Baltimore had become involved in

the project from the desire to recover the trade cf the Cumberland

Valley which centered at Hagerstown and was being diverted to

Philadelphia.

At the time when Mr. Hood formed this connection with the

Western Maryland, the company was sorely in need of an efficient

executive. At the suggestion of the president of the road, Mr. Hood's

name was considered for an official position, and he was elected vice-

president and general superintendent. A few months later, on March

24, 1874, upon the resignation of the temporary president, he was

elected president and general manager of the Western Maryland. To

the duties of these two offices v/ere added those of chief engineer of

the road; and Mr. Hood continued to perform the services devolving

upon the incumbent of these three positions for nearlv thirty years,

until 1902.

The Western Maryland had just completed its road to the canal

at Williamsport. The system then had a trackage of ninety miles,

most of which was in wretched condition and could not be operated

with profit. The company possessed almost no equipment; its trains

were unsafe for travel, and its freight wms poorly handled. The

Western Maryland in 1874 was absolutely bankrupt; the taxpayers

of Baltimore were annually required to pay large sums of money in

interest upon loans for the enterprise. Washington county was also

heavily involved in the line.

Such were the conditions in 1874, when Mr. Hood became presi-

dent of the Western Maryland; but before he resigned as president,

the road had been placed in first class condition; it operated more than

four hundred and fifty miles of track; its equipment was that of the

best railroads; and the city’s burden of carrying a large part of the

e.xpense of the Western Maryland had been converted into an inter-

est in the road for which the purchaser of the company was willing

aoon Amv

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',.?S

X

JOHN MIFFLIN HOOD 197

p:iv more than nine million dollars. In addition to these results,

tiic country traversed by his road had been developed into one of the

favorite summer resorts, as well as one of the most profitable farm-

i'l}; and dairying sections of the Atlantic seaboard.

It was the result of this advancing prosperity which deprived

the Western Maryland of the services of President Hood in 1902.

()n account of the advantageous sale he was able to consummate

for the city of Baltimore and Washington county, and as a conse-

(piciice of this sale, his activities were directed to a new field. The

.-treet railways of Baltimore, some time before merged into one large

company, needed an executive who would be able to perform the

-Lime work there which President Hood had done in connection

with the Western Maryland. The United Railways and Electric

Company invited Mr. Hood to become its president, and in view of

the fact that the city had sold its interest in the railroad, he decided

to tender his resignation, which was finally accepted with reluctance

by the railroad company, and assumed the presidency of the street

railway system. There was nothing in the business life of President

Hood which gave him as great pain as did his separation from the

employees who had stood by him during his twenty-eight years as

president of the road for which all had labored together.

President Hood came to the United Railways at an opportune

time. He had been with the street railways company but a short

while when the great fire crippled the system. Through his unceasing

labors and untiring energy the various lines were early restored to

their normal condition. Through his instrumentality, too, the finan-

cial condition of the company was greatly improv'ed. He was the

advocate of progress, whatever the field in which he labored. Heovertaxed his physical powers in his endeavors to improve the street

railways system of Baltimore, and as a direct result he suffered the

physical breakdown which was followed by his death on December17,^ 1906.

The two greatest accomplishments of President Hood’s life—his

rehabilitation of the Western Marvland Railroad and his rebuilding

of the United Railways after the Baltimore fire of 1904, represented

each a twofold attainment. The companies for which he labored,

were both crippled for funds; as well as being somewhat involved in

disputes with the people, from whom additional funds must come if

they were to come at all. In both instances he won the things for

V-

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iâgfliri. gri, vo^^^,„Bi^drhod iMmto ,« ^rfi

tfj l/f

198 JOHN ItlTFFLIN HOOI>

which he had striven, and vrith it he also gained the confidence of the

people, who, as a mark of respect and esteem, gave him the title of

^‘General,” by ^\hich he was always known. He was a man whoaccomplished remarkable things, aiid their accomplishment was all

the more remarkable because of the quiet way in which he labored.

The secret of his success lay in his unwavering fearlessness and deter-

mination; and in his uniform courtesy. His most marked charac-

teristic was perhaps that of being ever the gentleman. Regarded

as the largest contributor to the prosperity of Baltimore and of

Maryland during his generation he was still most unaffected and

cordial in his manner and the most approachable of men. Thesource of his greatness really lay in his approachableness. His em-

ployees, when they had occasion to confer with him, found in him

one who made the task simple for them. It was neither difficult to

see him nor to obtain his advice, and it was this democracy of his

administration that won him the hearty support of those under

him and made possible the apparently impossible things which he

accomplished.

General Hood was married to Miss Florence Eloise Haden, and

had six children. Mrs. Hood is a native of Goochland county, Vir-

ginia, and a first cousin of the late P. W. McKinney, who served as

governor of Virginia. There were two sons, both of whom followed

their father’s profession as civil engineers, and four daughters.

...

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., . 'iffl." ... <m^'V* .. _

JACOB WILLIAM HOOK

H ook, JACOB william, merchant, manufacturer, banker

and president and director of many companies, of Balti-

more, Maryland, was born in the city where he has lived

for the last fifty-eight years, on the seventh of December,

1849. His father, Jacob Hock, was of German descent and birth

(although one of his great grandparents was English) and before he

left Germany had served as burgomaster of his native town. With

his wife, Mrs. Catherine Hook, he left Germany for America in 1847,

and settled in Baltimore, where he became a large property holder

in the northeast section of the city, and came to be identified with a

number of the financial institutions of the cit}^, although he always

declined to be a candidate for political honors.

The boyhood of Jacob William Hook was passed in a suburban

residence near Baltimore. He was fond of out-of-door life, and was

a strong, hearty and happy boy. The influence of his mother upon

his moral and spiritual life was deep and strong. He attended private

schools through his early boyhood; but when he was fourteen years old,

his eager desire to be actively engaged in business led his parents to con-

sent to his withdrawing from school to enter the emplo}' of a whole-

sale grocery, commission and brokerage house. From that time, the

boy became self-supporting; and in his boyhood and youth he estab-

lished those principles of business life which have contributed to his

success and have governed his relations with his business a.ssociates

for forty years and rhore.

As shipping clerk and general clerk for Wilson, Son Company,

of Baltimore, he started in business in 1SG3. After some years with

this firm, he entered the wholesale hide and tallow business, in which

he has b«..en steadily successful.

Mr. Hook is president of the Old Town National Bank; of the

Provident Building and Loan Association; of the Western Maryland

Building and Loan Association; and of the Imperial Bottle Cap and

Machine Co. He is also a director of various financial and industrial

companies and corporations. From 1SS3 to 1891 Mr. Hook served

VV,

' i

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4

202 JACOB WILLIAM HOOK

for eight years as“ Director of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Com-

pany on the part of the City of Baltimore/’ and is now a director of

the Valley Rail road Company on the port of said city. He has served

as foreman and as assistant foreman of grand juries.

A course of reading in commercial lav/ which he prescribed for

himself early in life, he has found of great use not only for the conduct

of his own business affairs, but also as a qualification for the discharge

of those duties of trust for the interests of others which have been

imposed upon him by his fellow-citizens and his business associates.

Next after the infiuence of his early home, he regards as the strongest

influence in shaping his life, “Contact with men who are engaged in

the active business of life.'’

On the eighteenth of March, 1873, Mr. Hook married Miss M.

Annie Miller. Of their four children, two are living in 1907.

His political convictions ally Mr. Hook to the Democratic party,

whose measures and nomiinees he has uniformly supported. Byreligious belief and preference, he is affiliated with the Presbyterian

Church.

His favorite form of exercise and amusement is driving.

He is a Mason and an Odd Fellow, and is Past Grand Officer of

the Odd Fellows.

Without attempting to deal in detail with the work which Mr.

Hook has been able to accomplish for the different companies and

institutions with wffiose management he has been identified, it is

proper to say that the press of Baltimore with great unanimity

have given him the highest commendation for his business record

as president of the Old Town National Bank, which has grown in

reputation and increased in the volume of its business most steadily

under his presidency.

To the young men of Maryland Mr. Hook offers these sugges-

tions: “Select a vocation in the line of your natural ability; make

honesty in thought and action the keynote of your life; and cherish a

high ambition to do something for the l/onor of your family, your

country, and God who offers eternal life to diim that overcometh.’’’

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WILLIAM LEE HOWARD

H oward, william lee, physician, was bom at Hartford,

Connecticut, November 1, 1860. He was the son of

Mark Howard and Angeline Lee, his wife. His father, a

native of Kent county, England, was a lawyer and president of the

National Fire Insurance Company. His earliest known ancestors

in America were Stephen Hart, who came from Colchester, England,

in 1630, and the Lees, who were engaged in the French and Indian

wars.

In his youth Doctor Howard traveled extensively with his father,

and spent much time on long ocean trips, strengthening a constitu-

tion which was naturally frail. He says: reading has been

extensive, from Seamanship to Huxley, Darwin to Haeckel, Bible to

Ibsen. Late years I have had to saturate myself with works on

morbid psychology and mental diseases. Enjoy, and always did as

a child, finding out the cause of things. Never took anything on

faith, or accepted a statement from the pulpit, unless scientifically

proved. Doctor Howard received his education with tutors in

France; in the scientific department at Williston Seminary, East-

hampton, Massachusetts; the Columbia School of Mines; College of

Physicians; Columbia University, and was given the degree of M.D.,

by the University of Vermont, in 1890. He continued his studies

at Bonn on the Rhine and Gottingen, Germany.

Not caring to follow his father in the business which he had

planned his son should carry on, Doctor Howard found it difficult to

get the money with which to pay for his education in medicine. As

a physician he has specialized on Morbid Psychology and Dipso-

mania. He states that he “prevented Mormon ipissionaries from

taking a shipload of young Icelandic women to Utah. He explained

Mormonism to the Icelandic Parliament in 1881, and was personally

thanked by King Christian IX. Doctor Howard was war corre-

spondent in the Sudan during Arabi Pasha’s rebellion. In 1902, he

published a novel bearing the name of “The Perverts.” He has

delivered lectures on his travels in Iceland, Egypt, and other remote

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206 WILLIAM LEE HOWARD

regions. He belongs to the Chi Psi Fraternity, Columbia University

Club, the Larchmont Yacht Club, and the Baltimore Athletic Club.

He is vice-president of the Medico-Legal Society, a member of various

committees of medical and scientific societies, and of the American

Geographical Society, the Royal Berlin Geographic Society, and

honorary member of many foreign societies. He is fond of yachting

and boxing and all forms of athletics, and has written m'any papers

on the physiology of strength and endurance made possible by out-

door living.

Doctor Howard was managing editor, from 1885 to 1886, of the

St. Paul '‘News,” and is now special contributor to the New York

“Sun,” and other New York daily papers. He is a member of the

editorial staff of the “Arena,” and contributes special articles to

the “Century Magazine” and “Contemporary Review.” He is also

engaged in psychologic investigations.

On July 7, 1885, he was married to Clara Oatman, of Hartford,

Connecticut. They have one child.

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WILBUR WATSON HUBBARD

H ubbard, WILBUR WATSON, manufacturer, banker and

financier of Chestertown, Kent county, Maryland, was born

September 19, 1860, at Greensboro, Caroline county,

Maryland.

Educated by private tutors and at Washington College instead of

a professional life he chose the more active career of a business man,

becoming early a partner in the large fertilizer business established

by his father in Chestertown. On the latter’s retirement he became

the sole proprietor of the business which has been rapidly developed

under his vigorous and progressive management. He is also vice-

president of the Hubbard Fertilizer Company of Baltimore, which

does a business of about a million dollars annually. As an organizer

and director of the Second National Bank of Chestertown, Mr. Hub-

bard has been its representative in the Bankers' Conventions of Mary-

land and at the World's Congress at Chicago in 1893. He built and

owns the Imperial Hotel; he is a director of the Transcript Publishing

Company, of the Diamond State Telephone Compan}', and of the Con-

tinental Life Insurance Company of America.

To his personal efforts and influence was due the exteinsion of the

Pennsylvania Railroad to the water front, and the erection of its new

depot in the heart of the town. He made possible the Public Square

at Chestertown by advancing the funds and contributing liberally

when the ladies of the town in conference with his wife conceived the

idea of removing the old Market House and beautifying the site with

a handsome fountain and flower beds. Mr. Hubbard had the grounds

laid out and purchased the fountain, thus insuring this permanent

improvement to the town and greatly enhancing property values in

the business section.

Mr. Hubbard is an official member of Christ IMethodist Protestant

Church. He is a staunch Democrat, but he has never gone actively

into politics.

To an ambitious spirit, vigorous habits of industry, the prompt

adoption of modern methods in business, pleasant manners and

integrity of character, Mr. Hubbard owes his prosperity.

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3k

210 WILBUjI WATSON HUBBARD

When asked to what he attributes his success, he answers: “Tomy mother, who first gave me courage and inspiration; and to mywife, whom I consult in business and whose judgment I regard as

superior;” and further, “to these four maxims; Do it now, and do as

you would like to be done by; people who never do anymore than they

get paid for, never get paid for any more than they do, and the mostdelicate and sensible of all pleasures consists in promoting the pleasure

of others.”

Mr. Hubbard is a descendant of the ancient family of Hubbards,

of Essex county, England, whose lineage the official records trace

back to the days of King Ethelwulf, 839.

The arms of this family, quartely, argent and sable, on a bend

gule three lions passant (or), are the same which appear on the colo-

nial tomb of Thomas Hubbard of Boston, and have descended in

the families of his brothers who settled in Maryland and Virginia;

five brothers having emigrated from England to the Colonies in the

year 1660.

Of the same blood, are Governor Richard Hubbard of Texas;

Congressman Daniel Hubbard of the Virginia branch; Kehemiah

Hubbard, who was Washington’s “paymaster of the north;” Gov-

ernor Henry Hubbard of New Hampshire, Honorable Gardiner

Hubbard, of Washington, District of Columbia, a long time presi-

dent of the National Geographic Society; Judge Samuel H. Hub-'bardof the supreme court of Massachusetts; and Honorable Lemuel

Hubbard, lawyer, orator and statesman, whose statue in bronze

stands near the Capitol in Boston; all these of the Northern branch.

Among the Hubbards of Essex county, England, forbears of the

Maryland, Virginia and New England Hubbards, there are found

members of parliament, knights, lord chief justice of common pleas,

chancellor and keeper of the great seal, etc.

Adley Hubbard, the first of the name to arrive in Maryland,

received from Lord Baltimore a patent for a large tract of land in

Cecil county, known as “Hubbard's Dcliglit,” and later as “Ward’s

Hill.” In the year 1705 this paternal estate passed into the possession

of Richard Hubl)ard, oldest son and heir of the settler. Charles

Hubbard of the next generation did not inherit the lands on the

Sassafras river, being a younger son; but cro.ssing into Dorchester

county he received a patent from the Lord Pro])rietary for “Hubbard’s

Desire.” This estate passed to his son, Soloman Hubbard, the father

OIS

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WILBUR WATSOX HUBBARD 211

of the Jesse Hubbard (born 1741) who later served his country in the

navy of the Revolutionary War.

After Caroline county was cut off from Dorchester county in the

year 1773, Jesse Hubbard’s lands were in Caroline county.

Lemuel Hubbard, son of Jesse, married Mary Rumbold, a

daughter of Judge Rumbold, and niece of Peter Rumbold the great

English banker. Their son, Thomas Rumbold Hubbard, married

November 19, 1859, Josephine Mason Watson, of Delaware, daughter

of George Watson, and a cousin of Governor Watson of that state,

a lady distinguished for her personal ciiarm and beautiful Christian

character. Their children are Anna, the wife of Professor RowlandWatts, and Wilbur Watson Hubbard the subject of this sketch.

Ir 1890 Mr. W. W. Hubbard married Miss Etta Belle Ross,

daughter of Judge James E. Ross, of ^lexico, Missouri, and great-

granddaughter of Colonel William Ross of the Revolutionary Armyin Pennsylvania, a cousin of General George Ross of the same state,

the distinguished signer of the Declaration of Independence. These

American officers are direct descendants of the Earls of Ross whose

Scottish lineage dating back to Malcolm I, Earl of Ross, 1153, is in

the possession of Mrs. Hubbard, giving another most interesting line

of ancestry to the children of Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard, iNIiriam Warrenand Wilbur Ross Hubbard. The home of Mr. Hubbard is noted for

its hospitality.

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OLIVER HUCKEL

H UCKEL, OLIVER, Congregational clergyman, was born in

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on January 11th, 1864. Heis the son of William Samuel and Ruth A. Huckel. His

father was engaged in manufacturing interests, served in the Civil

War and was a man of physical health and strength, of religious and

intellectual force, and of perennial optimism. Hr. Huckel’s grand-

father, William Huckel, came from England in 1775, and settled in

Philadelphia. He served in Washington’s Army where he was com-

missioned as major. In boyhood, Mr. Huckel lived in the suburbs

of Philadelphia, a healthy happy life, early showing decided tastes

for reading, handicraft, drawing and sports. He learned mechanical

and free-hand drawing, and some carpentering and lathe-turning

which have been useful to him in many ways all through his life.

His early education was acquired largely in the public schools of

Philadelphia. Later he entered the University of Pennsylvania

where he received the degree of x\.B. in 1887 and that of A.M. in 1890.

He took much interest while in college in special courses in literature,

English, German and French, and had several years of training in

newspaper work on college papers, and as special correspondent for

other journals. Following a strong personal conviction in studying

for the ministry, he went to the Boston University School of Theology

and in 1890 was graduated with the degree of S.T.B. He pursued

post-graduate courses at Harvard in 1891-92, at Berlin in 1894-95,

and at Oxford in 1895-96.

In 1890, at Weymouth, Massachusetts, Mr. Huckel was ordained

to the ministry and began active work as a Congregational clergyman.

He remained there until 1893. In 1895', he became pastor of the

First Congregational Church of the college town of Amherst, Massa-

chusetts; and he left that church in 1897 to accept the pastorate of

theold historic Associate Reformed Church of Baltimore, organized in

1797, and for a hundred years one of the leading churches of the city,

numbering among its pastors the famous Dr. John Mason Duncan.

Dr. John Leyburn, and Rev. Wayland 1). Ball, and in its membership

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OLIVER HUCKEL 215

many of the old families of Baltimore. In 1900, a later organization,

the First Congregational Chorch, founded in 1866, added its member-

ship and strength to the Associate Reformed Church, and the united

church is the Associate Congregational Church, occupying, in a cen-

tral location, one of the most beautiful and costly church edifices in

Baltimore. The special characteristic of this church is its resolute

stand for religious liberty, fellowship v/ith all denominations, and

essential church unity.

The influences which have been strongest in his life, inducing

him to strive for the best, have been contact with inspiring books,

and with men such as Professor Austin Phelps of Andover, Bishop

Phillips Brooks of Boston, and Principal Fairbairn of Oxford.

From 1890 to 1894 he was a member of the School Board in

Braintree, Massachusetts. In 1904, Mr. Huckel was made a cor-

porate member of the American Board of Foreign Missions. In 1900,

and again in 1904, he was Moderator of the Washington (D. C.) Con-

ference of Congregational Churches; and he has been President of

the Congregational Ministers’ Association of Baltimore since its

organization in 1900. On January 7th, 1902, Mr. Huckel was mar-

ried to Miss Elizabeth F. Johnson, of Montclair, New Jersey'. Theyhave two children, Oliver Wentworth and Haldane Johnson Huckel.

Mr. Huckel has traveled extensively^ residing for months in

Germany', Italy and Greece. He is director or manager in many of

the charitable and church institutions of Baltimore. He has delivered

frequent addresses of public interest, and has often spoken before

the students of Johns Hopkins University^ the Woman’s College

of Baltimore, Amherst College, Mount Holy'oke College, and other

institutions of the higher learning. Among lectures which have been

favorites with college audiences, have been ^‘Student Life at Old

Oxford;” “Sunny' Day's around Athens” and “A Spiritual Study’ of

Dante.”

Mr. Huckel’s library’ is remarkable for its rare old volumes and

illuminated manuscripts. He is the author of several^books, amongthem: “The Larger Life,” 1899; “The Melody of God’'s Love,” 1900;

“Parsifal: A My'stical Drama” (translated, withintroduction\ in 1903,

“Lohengrin” (translated) 1905. He edited “A Poet and His Songs:

A Memoir of Russell Powell Jacoby,” in 1898. Among notable pam-

phlets are those on “Higher Education and the Common People;”

“The Faith of the Fathers and the Faith of the Future;” and three

lectures on “The Therapeutics of Faith.”

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lo s'.MJnyqftioilT ^dT'*' no poiwtool

216 OLIVER HUCKEL

Mr. Huckel has been a member of the following clubs and socie-

ties: the Cold Cut Club, Boston, 1S90; the Boston Browning Society

from 1890 to 1894; and the Maryland Historical Society from 1899

to 1901. He now belongs to the Phi Beta Kappa Society; the Eclec-

tic Club of Baltimore, and the American Branch of the Society for

Psychical Research.,

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GERMAN HORTON HUNT

H UNT; GERMAN HORTON, for more than half a century

actively connected with many of the most important busi-

ness interests of the city of Baltimore, was born on the 27th

!of December, 1S28. He was the only child of Mr. Germyn Hunt and

Eleanor Horton, daughter of Gen. Thomas Horton of the British

Army. Mr. Hunt’s father was a mechanical engineer who with his

wife left Derby, England in 1820 to visit America, where after spend-

ing a few years they decided to remain.

In his early boyhood, German Horton Hunt was not strong;

but while still a very young boy he showed a remarkable fondness for

stud}Tng machinery, and was especially interested in everything that

pertained to locomotives and steamboats. Recalling the years of

his boyhood, he feels that the influence of his mother was exception-

(ally strong on both his intellectual and his moral and spiritual life,

j

The Bible was the book in which the whole family took the deepest

interest; but in addition to his early-formed habit of reading andstudjung that book, he acquired in boyhood a love for all kinds of

J‘‘solid reading,” especially for history and biography, travel, and

mechanics, as well as for poetry which he regards as no less useful in

: fitting men for the work of life.

He attended private schools in Baltimore, but did not take a

course of advanced technical study or of professional study. At the

age of sixteen, in 1844, he became apprentice in a machine shop in

Baltimore. His personal preference led to this choice of an occupa-

tion for life; although it is probable that his father’s profession,

mechanical engineering, was not without a strong influence in shap-

I

ing the taste and the choice of the son.

j

After thoroughly mastering the details of foundry work and of the

machine shop in all its parts, iMr. Hunt at once went into business

for himself with Mr. Robert Poole as partner.

From the management of his own important foundry and ma-

I

chine shop biusiness, he was led by his associations and business inter-

;ests with other men, to participate in the management of many other

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220 GERMAN HORTON HUNT

industrial, manufacturing and businesss companies in Baltimore.

From 1850 until 1903—the date of Mr. Hunt’s voluntary retirement

from active participation in business affairs, his name was to be

found on the lists of those who have promoted the organization and

assisted in the management of most of the public-spirited enterprises

for the increasing prosperity and welfare of Baltimore.

,

By his political preferences, Mr. Hunt was a Democrat; but he

never surrendered his own personal conviction to the dictates of party

managers; and as he acted with the old Whig party until 185G, so

in later years he held himself responsible to his own conscience

rather than to the dictates of party, and has participated more than

once in independent movements for the betterment of politics and the

advancement of good government in Maryland.

Mr. Hunt was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church,

and took an active interest in its work, its worship and its charities.

He was a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He was a trustee of

the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts,

and was the president for many years;he was also a member of the

Merchants and Manufacturers Association of Maryland. He was

for many years president of the board of trustees of the McDonoghSchool. He was a director in several of the important banks of the

city. He was an active and useful member of the Board of Trade,

and of many other business and trade organizations.

His favorite forms of amusement and exercise were always “ the

society of my friends, and driving good horses. ” To young men whoare entering upon life be offered this pointed suggestion: “Bestrictly honest, pure in your morality, faithful to every trust imposed

upon you, and always industrious.”

Mr. Hunt died of paralysis at Chattolanee, Maryland, June 16,

1907, after a few hours illness.

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STUART SYMINGTON JANNEY

JANNEY, STUART SYMINGTON, lawyer, was born in Harford

county, Maryland, October 9, 1874. He is the son of Johns

Hopkins and Caroline (Symington) Janney. His father was a

merchant in Baltimore city until 1873, when he retired to his farm

in Harford County. Mr. Janney traces his ancestry in the United

States to Thomas and Margaret Janney, who came from Cheshire,

England, and settled in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in 1683.

In youth Mr. Janney lived a healthy country life in the open air.

His early education was acquired at the Baltimore city college and at

Marston’s school. He then entered the Johns Hopkins university,

whence he graduated with the degree of A.B. in 1895. He next spent

a year at the university as a graduate student. From 1896 to 1898

he served as a private, second lieutenant, first lieutenant, and then

captain in the Cuban army during the revolution, and from June,

1898, to January, 1899, he was a captain in the 7th United States

volunteer infantry. Before retiring from the army he was promoted

to the rank of major in the 7th regiment. Later in the year 1899

Mr. Janney returned to Baltimore and entered upon a course of law

at the University of Maryland, where he received the degree of LL.B.

in 1901.

Since that time Mr. Janney has been practicing law in Baltimore

city, and is a member of the faculty of the Baltimore Law School.

In November, 1905, he married Frances Moale Spencer, daughter of

Jervis Spencer of Baltimore county, and made his home in the Green

Spring Valley where he is able to indulge his taste for fox hunting,

his principal recreation.

Mr. Janney is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and the Delta

Phi fraternities, and of the Maryland Club. In politics, he is a Demo-crat.

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.4 .

EDWARD MILLER JEFFERYS

JEFFERYS, EDWARD MILLER, clergyman, was born in Phila-

clelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 4, 1865. He is the son of

Charles Peter Beauchamp and Elizabeth Miller Jefferys. His

father, a man devoted to duty and a lover of art, was a civil engineer.|

Mr. Jefferys traces his ancestry to the Baron Von Kisselman, who|

came from Germany to Philadelphia before 1753; Jacob Van Reed,|

who emigrated to Germantown, Pennsylvania, from Holland in 1725; \

William Miller, who came to I^hiladelphia from Scotland in 1760; ^

Edward IMiller, a distinguished civil engineer; the Hon. Lieutenant|

Colonel Peter Jefferys, Governor of Xevis, I3ritish West Indies, and|

to William 5Iiller, commissioner of revenue under Adams and Jef-

ferson. In youth, Mr. Jefferys had good physical health, living both

in the city and in the country, where he displayed much interest in

outdoor sports. His mother’s training had a forceful and beneficent

iinfluence upon his life. The books which he found most helpful

were works of a biographical and historical nature, both ecclesiastical

and profane. He received his early education at the Rugby academy I

‘ in Philadelphia and at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was

;

graduated with the degree of B.A., in 1SS6. Mr. Jefferys then' entered the Berkeley Divinity School at Middletown, Connecticut,

1

_ > and was graduated from that seat of learning in 1SS9. In 1890, the

University of Pennsylvania conferred upon him the degree of B.D.

' He began active life as curate of St. Peter’s Protestant Episcopal

Church, Philadelphia in 1889, and the following year left there to

Ibecome the assistant rector of St. John’s Protestant Episcopal Church

in Detroit, Michigan. He remained in this office until 1893. The

subsequent year he spent in travel abroad, and upon his return to

America in 1894 was given the rectorship of St. Paul’s Protestant

EpLscopal Church at Doylestown, Pennsylvania. In 1902, ^Ir. Jef-

ferys became rector of Emmanuel Parish, Cumberland, and in 1904,

I

archdeacon of Cumberland—an archdeaconry conqirising the counties

of Garrett, Allegany, Washington and Frederick. The.se offices he

resigned on March 1, 1905, and became rector of St. Peter’s Church,

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EDWARD MILLER JEFFREYS 225

Philadelphia, on the same date. On May 9, 1907, he was elected a

member of the standing committee of the diocese of Pennsylvania.

In politics he is “Republican in national questions. Independent in

state and municipal issues.” For exercise and enjoyment he turns

to boating and golf. When a student at the University of Pennsyl-

vania, he was a member of the football team.

On April 24, 1895, Mr. Jefferys married Amy E. Faulconer of

Detroit, a niece of Admiral Chatfield of the British Navy and a grand-

daughter of the late Hon. H. H. Emmons. They have three children,

all sons.

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SPENCER CONE JONES

JONES, SPENCER C., banker and lawyer, was born at Rockville,

Montgomery county, Maryland, July 3, 1S36, the son of Rev-

erend Joseph H. Jones, a Baptist clergyman, and Elizabeth

(Clagett) Jones. Reverend Mr. Jones, who was in the active minis-

try for fifty-two years, resided at Rockville from 1821 to 1844, and at

Frederick from 1844 to 1867. He then returned to Montgomery

county and died there in 1871. He was the son of Charles Jones,

who came from Drogheda, Ireland, to America in 1793 and settled in

Alexandria, Virginia. In 1795, he married Prudence Hawkins, of

Providence, Rhode Island. Mrs. Joseph H. Jones was a daughter of

Joseph Clagett of Montgomery county, and the line goes back through

Henry and two Thomases to Thomas Clagett, who emigrated from

England to St. Leonardos Creek, in Calvert county.

Spencer C. Jones was educated at the Rockville academy, at the

Frederick public schools, and at Frederick college, the old county

academy. He then read law with William J. Ross, of Frederick,

and was admitted to the bar of Frederick county. During the Warbetween the States he enlisted in Company D, 1st 5Iaryland cavalry.

Confederate States army, and served as a private to the close of the

contest. He then went to Texas and taught school near Huntsville

for two years. Returning to ^laryland in 1868, he began the prac-

tice of law at Rockville, where he has resided to the present time.

On December 21, 1871, he was married to Ellen, daughter of

John and Elizabeth S. Brewer. Mrs. Jones died on July 21, 1876,

leaving one daughter, Elizabeth, who is married to Thomas R. Falvv

of New" Orleans. In Rockville, Mr. Jones soon built up a large prac-

tice, and in 1871 he was elected on the Democratic ticket to the

office of state’s attorney for Montgomery county. In 1875 he w'as

reelected, and in 1879, he was elected clerk of the State Court of

Appeals. A second term in this position wais given him by the vote

of the people of the State in 1885, and in 1892 he was chosen by the

legislature as state treasurer. To this position he was reelected in

1894, and was renominated in 1896, but failed of election, as there

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'4..

SPENCER CONE JONES 229

was a Republican majority in the general assembly. Mr. Jones was

twice elected mayor of Rockville, in 1898 and 1900. He resigned

this office, on being elected a member of the state senate, in 1901.

During the session of 1902, he was chairman of the finance commit-

tee, and during that of 1904, he was president of the senate. His

unfailing courtesy, business like manner, and firm decision of charac-

ter made him an excellent presiding officer. For several years he has

been one of the leaders of his party in the state, and his name has

been frequently mentioned for the gubernatorial nomination. Fromthe organization of the Montgomery County National Bank, May 21,

1884, to the present time, Mr. Jones has been one of its directors, and

he has been its president since January, 1892.

He affiliates with the Baptist church, and is a Mason and Knight

of Pythias, in both of which societies he has occupied the higher

offices. Mr. Jones is vice-president of the Board of Visitors of the

State School for the Deaf, at Frederick.

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W'

MARTIN LUTHER KEEDY

There is no more valuable asset to the political .leader than

the ability to sacrifice personal interests when the welfare of

his party is concerned.

This truth is emphasized in the public career of Judge Martin L.

Keedy. In his own county he served his party in a number of posi-

tions with credit to the Republican organization and with honor to

himself. In time he acquired a strong hold upon the voters of his ownpolitical faith in his neighborhood. He had, both in office and as a

laborer in the ranks, accomplished much for the transient successes and

the permanent strengthening of his party. By his services he had

won the right to be acconled certain recognition in the way of nomina-

tion for higher office than that which he held, and by his ability he

augmented his claim upon the Republicans. At a time, however,

when it seemed that Judge Keedy had within his grasp the means of

attaining a nomination for a high office, another candidate appeared

and secured the nomination and election. His party did not forget

his earlier services. It subsecpiently nominated him for a more impor-

tant office, and elected him. The strength of Judge Keedy as a

Republican leader is and always has been in his strictly moral view

of politics.

Martin Luther Keedy was born at Eakle's .Mills, Washington

county, on January 5, 1858, the son of Joseph E. and Sophia C.

(Clopper) Keedy. - His father was a farmer, and the boy, passing his

early years on the home farm, acquired habits of industry which

accustomed him to hard work and endurance. He received his

elementary education in the public schools of Washington county

and when he had been prepared for matriculation at college left homeand went to Salem, \drginia, to pursue his studies at Roanoke College.

This was in 1871, and four years later he was graduated from Roanoke

College with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1883, Judge Keedy

received from the same institution the Master's degree.

After comj)lcting his college work, he became for a time a teacher.

He was connected with the public schools of Washington county, Md.,

for four years, during which time he devoted all his spare hours to

reading law in the office of his uncle, the late II. H. Keedy. In the

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/MARTIN LUTHI:R KEEDY 233

fall of 1882, he entered the Law Department of the University of Mich-

igan, at Ann Arbor, where he continued until January 17, 1883, when

he was examined in open court at the university town and was

admitted to the Michigan bar. He did not pursue his law studies for

a degree at the LTniversity of Michigan, but returned to .Maryland and

was admitted to the Washington county bar on March 17, 1883.

Shortly afterward, in the autumn of 1883, Judge Keedy made his

political debut as the Republican nominee for the office of State’s

Attorney of Washington county. He was elected and served a full

term of four years; but was defeated in November, 1887, when he was

candidate for reelection. Two years later he was elected a memberof the House of Delegates, and during the next session of the Legisla-

ture was his party’s leader in the lower house of the general assembly.

In 1891, Judge Keedy was the Republican candidate for State senator

but w’as defeated.

He was nominated for mayor of Hagerstown in March, 1894, and

was elected. At the expiration of his term of two years he was reelected

for another term. In 1894 he was prominently mentioned as his

party’s candidate for congress, and he had at his command a very

large and influential following. At this time, however, George

L. Wellington put in his appearance and frustrated the plans of

Judge Keedy ’s supporters. Mr. Keedy took the disappointment

with good grace and labored for the success of this opponent in his

own party. Although for a time thereafter he was not favored with

any office from his organization, in 1903 he was nominated for the

more important office of associate judge of the fourth judicial circuit

of ^laryland, a post which carries with it a term of fifteen years.

Mr. Keedy was elected to this office, which he continues to hold.

Judge Keedy was married on January 7, 1885, to Nellie C. Stitt,

daughter of the Rev. J. B. Stitt, by whom he has had two children.

He is a member of St. Paul’s ^lethodist Episcopal Church of

Hagerstown. He is connected with the Ancient Order of Lmited

Workmen. Before he went on the bench he was one of the most

prominent lawyers of Western Maryland. As a public speaker, or

as an advocate at the bar, he is forcible, logical and entertaining. Hepossesses a well cultivated and balanced mind, and, though most of

his life a politician—in as far as a laborer for any party is such—he

has always been opposed to what is known as bossism in politics, and

has been in favor of the people nominating the candidates for whomthey vote.

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WILLIAM KEYSER

KEYSER, WILLIAM, manufacturer, was born m Baltimore,

on November 23, 1835, the son of Samuel Stouffer and Eliza-

beth (Wyman) Keyser. His father was engaged in the

business of importing iron, to which business Mr. Keyser and his

younger brother Irvine, later succeeded. He was educated in the

private schools of Baltimore and at St. Timothy’s School at Catons-

ville. His father's health having become impaired, causing him to

partially give up business activities, in April, 1852, he entered the

counting room and took a leading part in the business. In 1857,

his father retired, leaving the business entirely in his son’s hands.

About 1857, ^Ir. Keyser was appointed receiver of the Laurel Cotton

Mill, which position he filled so successfully that the mill recovered

its financial standing. About the same time, he took up the affairs

of a large shipbuilding firm, which had contracted to build the sloop

Dakota for the United States Navy and completed the vessel satis-

factorily to the Federal Government. In 1865, Mr. Keyser took an

interest in the Abbott Iron Company, operating a large roiling mill in

Canton, a suburb of Baltimore, which employed 1000 men and was

connected with this company for several years, being chairman of its

executive committee. Shortly afterwards, he took hold of the manage-

ment of the Baltimore Copper Company and was so successful that

he was made its president and directed the work of the company for

some years. About this time, he became interested in the establish-

ment of a line of steamships, being the first regular transatlantic line

from Baltimore. This line proved a failure but fifteen years later

he took an active part in the establishment of the Johnston Line.

In 1870, he was elected president of the Northwestern Virginia Rail-

road better known as the Parkersburg Branch and his success here led

to his election as second vice-president of the Baltimore and Ohio;which

position he refused in 1870 but accepted in 1871. He early had estab-

lished friendly business relations with John W. Garrett, President

of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, and Johns Hopkins,

one of the leading financiers of Baltimore, and this relationship con-

tinued during their lives. From May, 1871, to July, 1881, he was

second vice-president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company

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mMJii

WILLIAM KEYSER 237

and took a leading part in completing its road to Chicago. In the

great railroad strike of 1877, he was largely instrumental in settling

the difficulties between the road and its men, by moving from place

to place and conferring with the men, which his friendly personal

relations with them enabled him to do. He often appeared before"

the State Legislature and City Council, when legislation was needed

by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and the town of Keyser, West

Virginia, perpetuates the memory of his connection with the road.

When Mr. Garrett retired from the presidency, Mr. Keyser also

retired from his office and took an extended tour in Europe. Shortly

after the close of the Civil War, Mr. Keyser was appointed one of the

trustees of the McDonogh Fund and took an active interest in the

school maintained by that fund. In 1870, he was appointed a director

of the Western Maryland Railroad and for some time was chairman

of the finance committee. He was also interested in the HannahMore Academy at Reisterstown and gave largely to it. In 1883, he

took up the reorganization of the copper industry at Canton and, in

1886, he organized the Baltimore Copper Smelting and Rolling Com-pany, of which he became the first president, an office he continued

to hold until his death. At one time, he was president of the Old

Dominion Copper Company successfully operating mines and smelters

in Arizona and he was actively interested in the Anaconda CopperCompany of Montana and many local and western business ventures.

The product of the great Anaconda Mine in Montana is treated in the

large works at Canton, which employs over 800 men. Mr. Keyser wasa careful and successful investor and was a large real estate owner.

After the great fire of February 7, 1904, he at once planned to rebuild

the structures he owned which had burned and served as general

chairman of the Emergency Committee appointed by the Mayor, being

indefatigable in his efforts that the work of that Committee might be

successful, taking at all times a cheerful and optimistic view of the

outcome. He was a consistent member of the ProtestaiLt Episcopal

Church and served it asdeputy to the annual conventions of the diocese

of Maryland and to the General Convention of the Church. In politics,

he was an independent Democrat. He was a prominent figure in local

politics for many years, although never a candidate for office. He hada high ideal of the duties of citizenship and stootl unflinchingly against

corruption and narrow partisanship. In 1882, he was one of the

leaders ot the new judge movement. In 1883 he was chairman of the

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adt ô djami’mdo mi 0^hniy/mt odtô

238 WILLIAM KEYSER

Democratic City Committee. In 1S85, he joined with other Independ-

ents in the organization of the Reform League, of which he was presi-

dent at the time of his death. In 1895, he was chairman of the Execu-

tive Committee of the Reform League ana directed the earnest struggle

made by the League for the success of the Republican State and City

tickets. He waged a long and relentless fight against the Democratic

organization, lie did not appear frequently upon the stump; but

was a forcible and trenchant political writer, and frequently visited

Annapolis during the sessions of the State Legislature in support of

good measures and in opposition to those detrimental to the public

welfare. Mr, Keyser was a most helpful friend to the Johns Hopkins

University, giving liberally to its needs. When in 1902 his cousin,

Mr. William Wyman, offered to give to the university sixty acres of

the Homewood tract in the northern suburbs of the city, he supple-

mented the gift by purchasing the adjoining sixty acres for $225,000

and presenting it also.

On November 10, 1858, he married Mary, daughter of Robert J.

Brent of Baltimore, by whom he had two sons and one daughter.

Mr. Keyser was very fond of travel both in this country and abroad

and had visited Europe many times, going as far east as Palestine

and Eg}'pt. He was a great reader and student, learning both French

and German after he was thirty years of age, and reading them for

recreation to the day' of his death.

Years of hard work had told heavily upon Mr. Keyser’s health

but his death came very suddenly on June 3, 1904, at his country place

Brentwood, near Reisterstown, in Baltimore county. The trustees

of the Johns Hopkins L^ni^ersity, in taking action upon his death

spoke of him as a “man whose whole public life was an inspiring

example of good citizenship and civic duty. His public service in a

private station offers a practical example of the fulfillment of the

ideals which the University endeavors to inculcate.’'

The faculty of the same institution adopted resolutions, speaking

of Mr. Keyser as a “ man of eminent sagacity,” who led a “ life of high

example and rare beneficence.” “In business, in politics, in the

cause of religion, the cause of humanity, it was always the same

large nature, the same unshaken will, the same calm foresight, the

same energetic utterance, the same commanding presence that made

for all that was righteous, all that was generous. It is an honor to

Baltimore that such a man should have unfokled so freely in this com-

munity.”

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I

;l

FERDINAND CLAIBORNE LATROBE

Most people in ^Ir, Latrcbe’s native city regard him first, last,

and all the time as the ?dayor of Baltimore only. While

the men of the present generation were being drilled in the

alphabet, their child-mind became accustomed to hearing the name of

Mayor Latrobe. As the mien of this generation grew to maturity the

office and the name were still linked with surprising frequency; and

when they cast their first ballots, they were afforded an opportunity

of affixing more securely the old prefix to Mr. Latrobe’s name. This

many-tiines mayor practices law, and in legal circles he is known as

a man of exceptional ability as a counsellor; but the masses never

accepted Mr. Latrobe as a lawyer. Again, to his personal friends and

intimate acc^uaintances he is known as genially philosophical and a

deep thinker upon many subjects foreign to politics; but to the voters

generally he has been known only as the Mayor of Baltimore. Andit is doubtful if this view of the man, received when the present gen-

eration got its first impression of Mr. Latrobe, wdll ever cease to be

the popular view of F. C. Latrobe.

More than thirty years ago .Mr. Latrobe first came before the

people of Baltimore as a mayoralty candidate. He had prior to that

time seen service in the General Assembly, and his record there had

been such as to commend him to the people's confidence. In 1875,

he w’as for the first time elected executive of the Monumental City,

and his incumbency of the mayor's office continued, with occasional

interruptions, to the eve of the twentieth century. Those }’ears

witnessed the remarkable growth of Baltimore from a pleasant but

rather backward city to the metropolis of the South, and Mr. Latrobe's

administration of the city’s affairs was paralleled with a radical

modernization of the character of the improvements which were

undertaken by the municipality. According to the narrow view of

the average citizen of the day when Mayor Latrobe began his enor-

mous task of remaking Baltimore, the mayoralty office during his

administration was marked with extravagance; but the innovations

which he introduced and the gigantic undertakings to which he

âoHTAj cmAMia>iaamhl Vi^,mhsia^vdoU^.] .tK m sHqotjq TBCPt JT

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nv/oxid 0x1 aobtio lagol xii, w/arn 39niij-*âi5fn

J9V0II r.cci ‘jrfit Jud jiôllj?.tiuo’j ii axj iaôii<j 99Z9 1o nfixii abaa abmhl ImoHwq îd 6i ,nh^k .nôraU M baJqdooaB ba'n tmiMoaoUiiq yjkim^ sq mmd ?i $d î^^naSstmipoA adaaiharaiisdov sHw oJ" ^nd âoivtiloq n^joiol ajoofdug vixain xioqt; qsabbnA .enoariJba lo sovaUodJ 8ir*»{ino riv/oni tr./I od

n^?dw b^viaâi lo vyî>r/ akU b blMi/ob ei

od oi 1OY0 flivr êdoiiad .iK noi8?a':qnii jsif^ vji Soj^ iroiiaio

. .adOfiA'sJ .0 .1 To Y/!!>iY lalnqoq 9rfl

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bnoi»»a*)‘>o rfliv/ ^b^tiaimoo 9.) bo e’lovam oiiJ Ji> Yon 4muoni aid baa'Ainox 9Roi!T d?QijnDv/t odt lo dvi 9dj ot ,eaoijqijri9iflitiri{ t/TBfiB^dq n moal Yiomidaa lo t{Utm\ ^fxfndxaxnot sdi bmasniiw8‘odoitaJ .li/! bna piJuoB odt lo pifoqo'iijm arft ot ‘4<tio bia Ydoad laiid^fiT

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^^^HsnoiiavoxTni odt aud dir^ bo am aayr noharfeinimbAod fhidv/ dj ggrublfiM ji>o0 odt bna b'rjyho'itirt od rfoidw

242 FERDINAND CLAIBORNE LATROBE

pledged the city's support, when viewed in retrospect, reveal to the

latter-day citizen how wisely and well Mr. I.atrobe planned.

Ferdinand Claiborne Latrobe, the son of John Hazelhurst Bone-

val Latrobe, \vas born in the city of Baltimore, October 14, 1S33.

His father was a man of much versatility. By profession a lawyer,

he displayed considerable aptitude for architecture; he showed no

little merit as a painter in water colors and oils; and his invention of

the Latrobe stove, which is extensively used in Baltimore and through-

out the country today, attests a mechanical turn of mind. He was a

member of the Public Park Commission of Baltimore, and president

of the American Colonization Society and the Maryland Historical

Society. Benjamin Henry I-atrobe, the ex-mayor’s grandfather

was a man of French extraction whose ancestors had settled in Eng-

land, whence he emigrated to America. He was an architect and

civil engineer who stood high enough in his profession to be commis-

sioned to supervise the construction of the United States capitol at

Washington, after its destruction by the British in the war of 1S12-14;

and he also drew the plans for the Cathedral at the corner of iMulberry

and Cathedral streets. J. H. B. Latrobe married a daughter of

Ferdinand Leigh Claiborne, of Mississippi, a general in the United

States Army and brother of.Wdliam Claiborne, the first governor of

the State of Louisiana. This Ferdinand Claiborne was a direct

lineal descendant of William Claiborne the first settler of Kent Island,

whose contests with Lord Baltimore form part of the early history of

the Province of Maryland.

In early childhood, Ferdinand C- Latrobe cultivated a taste for

good reading, and as he grew to manhood his love for books and his

fondness for history especially, developed, He received his early

training in Baltimore, attending the elementary schools of that city,

and the Baltimore City College. Later he went to St. Timothy’s

Hall, near Catonsville, and from there to the College of St. James,

near Hagerstown, Md. He did not, however, finish his undergrad-

uate course at the latter institution, leaving college in the junior year

that he might come to Baltimore to engage in mercantile business.

Mr. Latrobe entered mercantile life on the advice of his father,

who thought that his son would thereby acquire valuable experience

for his professional career, as he was destined to follow in his sire s

footsteps and study law. After he had had what was regarded as

sufficient experience in commercial matters, Mr. Latrobe, Jr., was

I

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ai I>f>8.ti vlt^vigr ;•jjrti.Ei doidw- ,$7o.tB

4: i'^'-rr j)fJ Jim;n xnui l;?9iajan.')CMJ ff -irhivop odi )uo

h(u; .^mo:nlUs-f[ \o xiOi&ebxfnioO ‘A'la'l :)i!tluH f>a*i \6 v>drvom

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ouJ ,f?doi1ii*.I vthoH mrriiibuiH .vialooS

-;pn'^ n; bolU-^ bjid 't^>yj?mtir. *m>ih'i aoiiomixo lo nnfa

i.iiii to'?:ui:.nii ai> ,«oii3iuA oj nd 9*>n^rf,Y«' ,bn/nl

-jsbn»noo od nrM^,-/>kaq aid ai ri^ûono Ih>o;^ pdv^ li-zH

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'{t*i^b£jl4 la x^moo^/bt adi ôl a(W'*l<|^^!iv/odb oslxi i>«4

lo Tf>tdgix^b « br4i*iîtv 9o'q .Cl .H X bo4botin j adX al Ifiioao'g & ,iqq;?4i.efeiIC io ôatodikO 4)^191 boisnlbia''*!

lo *join{>vo3 iaid p4t ,oiii€Hnf.lO fncAl0X )0 ba&J03iib ii iicv^ omodi/510 biu>iubi''i'5 tulT .ixudaiijoJ 10

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r.v/;, il ,odq'iJi;J ,K(0,l)Am !rjVif>irimo . ni aoflohoqô

FERDINAND CLAIBORNE LATROBE 243

taken into his father’s law office, where he began reading for the bar

examinations. He was admitted to the bar of Baltimore in 1858,

since which time he has been a practicing attorney.

Mr. Latrobe was married in 1862 to Louisa, the oldest daughter,

of Thomas Swann, who served in a number of public offices including

those of Mayor of Baltimore and Governor of Maryland. Mrs.

Latrobe died in 1864, and her son, Thomas Swann Latrobe, lived only

to early manhood. In 1872, Mr. Latrobe was married to Mrs. Ellen

Swann, the widow of Thomas Swann, and his first wife’s sister-in-law.

I

The second Mrs. Latrobe, who is the daughter of John R. Penrose, of

I

Philadelphia, is the mother of three children, two daughters and a son.

After Mr. Latrobe had become a member of the Baltimore bar

he was engaged as assistant counsel of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-

road Company, aiding his father, who, from the early existence of the

railroad to the end of his life was the company’s general counsel.

Mr. Latrobe made his political debut as the Democratic candidate for

the Maryland Legislature, and in 1867 was elected a member of the

House of Delegates. During the session of 1868—owing to the

absence of the chairman of the Committee on Ways and i\Ieans—Mr.

Latrobe was appointed acting chairman of this committee. He was

also on the Committee on Militia, and framed the militia law of the

State which was enacted in the session of 1868. Under this act the

Maryland militia was reorganized after its practical disintegration in

consequence of the Civil War.

I

Mr. Latrobe was again a candidate for the lower house of the

; Legislature in 1869, and was again elected. He was chosen speaker

f of the house at the session of 1870. Governor Swann, when he took

up the administration of the State affairs, appointed ^Ir. Latrobe

judge advocate general of his staff; and he was reappointed to the

same office by Governors Groome, ^IcLane, Whyte, and Carroll,

successively. Except for his services in this connection, Mr. Latrobe

has seen no military service, although he has always been a close

student of military affairs in the state and the nation.

After his somewhat e.xtensive experience in the House of Dele-

gates at Annapolis, Mr. Latrobe was nominated by the Democratic

party of Baltimore to be its standard bearer in the mayoralty election,

and he led the Democrats to success in 1875. He was reelected in

1877, 1879, 1883, 1887, 1891, and 1893, thus rounding out seven

terms of two years each and making a total occupancy of the mayor-

J;^<mi4:b. pri^â:fii»'i^'|i|- « on oma nouiy sonw

'%> Roofflo $*idwq 1© i^mm a orf^ ,n^w6l^nipdT lo -

^ '” ,|o oaodi^

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lo ,il Ip

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(iaoMbm<? 'î ailiinn bnalxiaU ^

^Micf ;0!tu6d ,t9Wol odJ- 10% a odonâil^ aU^ . -%j

ii anuod odi lo’'^

odmn^ 'AyL qug%

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Jknia^^ bfwjJ'y ômobiD giofnevo&^d^Joorfto smae

i,,odoiifca4 ni aojjivioe gid iqI iqoojcil^ .xiovieeoDOiw

dood «*%«/? la" Rfid âd d,'?,ijpf0W^^^ oa new aad

J'' "*’^’' ' '

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W '-ftffno0a!S.adi bn# eiait bdi m aiiaB# x laJilini lo Jnoba^

(^Jfc* *oi'9(lM„ OBfon gdj 'nlppaohoq^^^^^^ iadwmpa aid lo^lA

$dlx4 bpMn<icn<^"a#w-o^ nu aadag

',no0oplpi^laipXnmSd^ bna^Plaaîi^^^

kbk&iaalkn aiswôH ,|5.t8i ni e&bo&Vo^-elflioi^lK^ iJal od bmt

awaaîiJp ^nibnopiiaadl ,TV8I

'^^yiPXautadi lo yoffaqinoo laioi a bns doaa aiaox owj lo smial^'

244 FERDINAND CLAIBORNE LATROBE

alty chair of fouffeen years. During tiie years that Îr. Latrobe wasmayor, great strides were irxude in the city of Baltimore. Many of

the improvements that his administr&tions witnessed were inspired

by him and all of them, no matter what their origin, were encouraged

by the progressive mayor.

A complete list of the improvements either made or begun during

his term at the City Hall would be too voluminous, but among the

more important acccmplishments are: the beginning and the comple-

tion (within the amount appropriated, though at a cost of more than

four millions of dollars) of the Gunpowder \Vater Works, whereby

the city is supplied with drinking w'ater; the establishment of a

Harbor Board, through whose agency the inner harbor of the city

wâs completed with a depth of 24 feet at mean tide; the erection of the

ornamental bridges over Jones’ Falls at Biddle, Chase, North, Calvert,

and St. Paul streets; the establishment of the sunken gardens about

Union Station knowm as Blount Royal Terraces; the opening of

Mount Royal avenue and the removal of the old Bolton Depot; the

opening of East Lexington street and the establishment of the City

Hall Plaza; the widening of Fayette street, and also of the narrow's of

East Baltimore street and of Gay street; the purchase of Clifton and

Federal Hill Parks; the removal of all railings from around city

squares; the erection of the Baltimore City College and the AVestern

High School, as wnll as of numerous buildings for grammar and

primary schools.

While Mr. Latrobe w'as mayor, the old City Yard w'as abolished

and in its place the present Harbor Board w'as established;tw'o power-

ful ice boats, the Latrobe and the Annapolis, by the use of wiiicli the

harbor of Baltimore can alwnys be kept open in winter, were built.

Eutaw" Place w'as extended to Druid Hill Park; the ^lunicipal Art

Commission was created; Riverside Park w'as extended; almost the

entire storm water sewêr system of the city w'as constructed; the Belt

was annexed, whereby the land area of the city was more than

doubled; laws and ordinances providing for the construction of the

new Court House were passed; the great stone bridge on North

Avenue, one of the largest structures of its kind in the country, was

built; and the substitution of a system of improved pavements for

cobblestone thoroughfares wvas commenced, over forty miles of

improved streets being constructed. This list, wdiich at most is

merely a suggestion of the things accomplished b\' Mr. Latrobe’s

HUp j^

US*

tti-rr sdiwlfij .iK mat m*»x '»•'•'* ^-549^ a-wnirol te liotb

li» v.n»K, .9iomitJ«a Vi x^5* «<» «« »to«^c!W5,,TOX««

lwni<|sni 919W faosTOftJiW euoiJ<i'iJ*lfliftUJi* sirt isxii^s*o*hTa»v<i9ijf(ii'9dJ, ^

•{joj/Siuosns 91S-W ,qiawo lisdl icriw iii#sai oa 11* bu* coid ic4 '4’’“,

r diii ^cd.^n-

gahub /ujgflfd io db«ai e^flomaVoiqmi ^4ii ^lqai<^

sK; gno;j?ii Jiid .aiiofliljfailov ooJf •?«[ ‘LU/o'/t^ TbH vji3 ‘ydS M îd "'?JM

-aJqiXioa Iwm gnlAfligad od«l jyi^êtnenideikfiao^B ^miioq0i aiora

n»alJ «o«i lo teoa a ia d$vod3 .bsJfihqcnqqa'Jiieait* *dJ flpil ' •'

'{dM9ii-'?»,»IioVr •iate7/ 7&ir/MoqaipO M Jd {a*4,lrf)jo m 1^5(^

I! io âsM/idwldfiJBSîH ;ioliiw stBtdflhb ril;w.,jyifqtp »l ‘ielJa »rfj"4' ' ' *”

iiil.®' ,L*4 |jf>

4^;

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'10 isafii odi aaodw^rigVotill^ ;b%fl lodtaH^

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>>

, :t9vIbO ,mtO ,9!bbW: tM sltel wae&^bkd l^îi^^mmd

Jmpdn Eaobiag naii/twa odi Wîbrniitiidittaoj .iB b«B

gnitioqo adi -rbomaoT lavô^l îiool/. tmoS noilaia noinU

,^sdi ;.ittqiif(I %oiloB hh ^S Io b«| icXo5r,i0UoM^^^

vixD 9fU }o ^flomdîdaâa'Odi bo&’;>oai;te Io ôir^d^^' ’

Io rôilftn orW Io o«iB boB Io ibsaH IIbH

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olLI 10 nci^»ijifea<>o sxlJ lol âlbhcnq eôn/jnllyto hna zanA *^boldi/ob

ArioVi do osbhd’^^ffota ; boeafiq otm oaiioH ôoD won

itisvr ^'£iii?iro9 bW eti Io «9fsy>9m4a^^«ogifii odi lo'9£3ov!>irn5vA|p<l

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m'Sbi

FERDINAND CLAIBORNE LATROBE 245

administrations, tells of untiring and unceasing activity on his part

for the good of the city, which seven times elected him as its

executive.

Mr. Latrobe is a member of the State Building Commission,

created by the Legislature of 1900 and 1902, for the erection of the

Court of Appeals building at Annapolis and of the additions to the

State House. He is president of the Board of State Aid and Charities

to which he was appointed by Governor John Walter Smith upon the

formation of that body. He was president of the Board of Com-missioners from ^laryland for the Industrial Exhibition at Charleston,

S. C., and also president of the Board of Commissioners from Mary-

land for the Industrial Exhibition at Buffalo, N. Y. Since 1902, he

has been a member of the Public Park Commissioners of Baltimore

City. He gives much of his time to the Maryland Institute, of whose

Board of Trustees he has been a member for many years, and to the

Municipal Art Commission of Baltimore. He is a member of the

Masonic Order and a past master of Fidelity Lodge, A. F. and A. M.

Since his retirement from the mayoralty office Mr. Latrobe has

devoted most of his time to his duties as president of the Consolidated

Gas Company and to his law practice. He has made several reappear-

ances in the political arena, and upon each occasion has acquitted

himself with credit. He was elected a member of the House of

Delegates, 1899, and served as chairman of the Committee on Waysand Cleans in the Legislature of 1900—the same chairmanship which

he filled at the time of his first appearance in the General Assembly

thirty-three years before. At the extra session of the Legislature in

1901, he was elected, for a second time, speaker of the House of Dele-

gates, and by his discharge of the duties of this position he showed

that his long service as mayor of Baltimore had not lessened his

ability as a parliamentarian.

fnq »M 0c> \<4ljri;h4jsniais.w.^^^'

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x^^âmoiaaioi^

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!|pU1fip€^p‘|pîi} lol boai'^

piomtÎaH Ip mobfeaôiiiioD did? oildp^ ^fi-1:p iSimaipB a nsad ecd

^;:’''pS>d.W' lQ.T!^t'bliJanr ^liêid' lo: dP'S6' ^v ig oH .*{iiO êpgîT lo biaoH (« '*

-; Si^V'1ib,%dxnajQa''a*^8i^9il'''^koB^^ laqioiouM :

;

;'?a!»f(

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i4ji odoi;faJ,.iM o^xno waiovam^pdi inoi«<nito aid ooai8

f b8âbdo80oO 4d‘t'fo i/lPbi6piqas 8aiîf& fjaloveb

:^Ma9g.qa9i lawos ppaip sbiI pH i

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4 d^dw •jiapM has

hni!,8s^«8

» jaoi eid iRdi

EUGENE LEVERING

IN an urban community of any considerable proportions there is

almost certain to exist an element, the members of which,

while not holders of public office, are nevertheless looked upon

by the people generally as public men. In times of uncertainty,

w’hen the public mind is distressed with problems that seem doubtful

of solution, as well as in periods of calamity or commercial adversity,

when the masses are tending toward panic, a word from the leaders of

this element brimzs assurance to all the people, and their admoni-

tions are promptly heeded. When a celebration is to be held, these

citizens need only lend their names and the public is immediately

assured of its success.

Prominent in the group of Baltimoreans who have won recogni-

tion as belonging to this rather restricted class there is one whose

name shines with especial lustre—^Ir. Eugene Levering. For so

many years has he been a leader in movements and agitations for

public good, that his name has almost come to be accepted as an

official stamp of excellence; the endorsement of Mr. Levering to a

public or private enterprise is conclusive evidence of its merit and

honesty.

Eugene Levering and his twin brother Joshua were born in

Baltimore on September 12, 1S45; and almost the whole of Eugene's

life has been spent in his native city. His father, also Eugene Lev-

ering, helped to found that coffee business which for many years was a

considerable factor in spreading the commercial reputation of Balti-

more. The family traces its descent from Wigard Levering, who

came to America from Germany in 1685 and settled at Germantown,

Pennsylvania. Parental training in its various directions, industrial,

intellectual and spirtual, showed its innuence in the development of

Eugene Levering as a boy and a youth. His ancestors were lovers

of liberty; and very early in life this love of liberty expressed itself

in a measure of self-reliance, in thought and action. He had the

faculty of concentration in a marked domee even as a boy;and in

out-door sports, of which he was fond; in skating, gunning, etc., he

sowiâyaj anaouaal oisili afioiiiii^tq an ^

' .ffoiffw I'o oi* itmftm„

: flOîi; ollduq To eiobfod $oa oJi4»

'

' »a ial^dmb niS^ tnA$ ^rftafdcnq d-tfw-bMMiai'b «ij' -adi _

' alwhoq’ nn ,aol%0^

To ErtaJbvftoi odi Tuoil biOv/ n ,om«q bnB^^ ofa aaîrni odi wadw

r.ojldoq

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, ffe , :'l '.* . »-/

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oaodwoA-jo ai oio)t» snfsnmoo mmots'i*-

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ioT-6 eto n 0^'.edimd%^ân^m bo^qooiwi odto^^ smoo Jeomln fe^ff omaO %id( vJAii^ oilcf!

"

jf'cxt ;gnxT!^tKl^|*^|To'''^

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ni mod

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s eijv/ erjâ iTylinm toT /foWw Mnwd ooBooîâfll iMirdT ot ‘t^nno

,-titUM Td'oiîiitoiqoi lamoosanroo ]|o4>iikiq«.n^ ddiiobiwipo' odw ,5nhoToJ bx^îV/ irio-iT iaave^ti' all esojiif odT^ôm

^ .,iTWt>ijp[jCii4i90 in boiTToa bn« m yriaimoO xnoiT aonoraA ol oma^)

Jahiaulffd ^Buoifamih aooiiav aJi oFIninrait faiaoTbi^So'i

e-To Tfi&mqoJavob Oonsoftni ati ho^/orla j4U/tiiqa boa {aoloolloôr

:.

ô*/oi jyi^w «iH ^ ,fiiooy"a boa xod'î^ ômv^^503.

TIwl tmgiOTqzo ToVovol eWi olil ai yhB%;o9v hna jxItoîil To

;adt bfifi\oTi^îioi^^twi bim ^50044

,

01 »oo£U{ii%Mo8^ a 04^ ^ ai biiA ;"ôcf a «a nsva o^nsob boylin n 0 at itoiiî$4iaoaoo To yilyoal

V »d , .9|p jSi ibftoT 8«w aii dohivT To 100b-to%

EUG13NE LEVEEING 249

applied that enthusiastic eneigy which made him the leader of his

coterie.

He attended the best private schools of the day—Uippard’s,

McNally’s, and Dalrymple’s—until JuIn-, 1861, when, because of finan-

cial conditions consequent upon the outbreak of the Civil War, he left

school, a mere boy of sixteen years of age, and entered the office of

Levering & Co. as a clerk. Here, by steady application and the use of

every opportunity, he became prepared to assume tlie responsibilities

of the business which were unexpectedly thrust upon him in the

summer of lS66,when illness incapacitated both menibers of the firm.

Although not yet twenty-one years of age, young Levering met the

trying demands successfully, and. after the death of his uncle in July

of that year (1866), he was admitted to the new frrni of E. Levering &Co., which consisted of Eugene Levering, Sr., and three of his sons:

William T., Eugene, and Joshua.

Although the senior partner died in 1870, his will provided for a

continuance of the firm for five years, and the withdrawal of his inter-

est and the closing of the estate at that time—his three sons to be

executors of the estate. The management of the sons had been so

successful, that at the close of the period of limitation, the estate had

doubled in value. In 1875 the new firm of E. Levering & Co. was

created, Eugene Levering continuing as directing partner until 1902,

when he withdrew from mercantile business, to give his undivided

attention to his financial interests. InjlSSG the firm opened a hoi»se

in Rio, Brazil, and a year later Mr. Levering visited this important

branch of the business, which received the benefit of his personal super-

vision and control until his withdrawal from mercantile pursuits.

Mr. Levering “started life” early along all lines. He joined

the church as a youth, began business as a young man, and on Janu-

ary 23, 1868, in his twenty-third year, married Mary E., daughter of

James D. Armstrong, of Baltimore, by whom he has had three children.

Through his entire life ^fr. Levering has been essentially a man of

domestic tastes and habits, and has built up around him a home life

characterized by cordial hospitality and Christian principle. From

1858, when he was converted, under the ministry of Richard Fuller,

D.D., of the Seventh Baptist church, until the present, he has been

continually active in religious work. He has been a Sunday School

teacher since 1863. In “ accepting the truths of the Bible as the basis

of one’s own living and of his relations to his neighbor,” he illustrates

p- r

tA.aiil lo mU

i

mui/

•' m “

\p%

PHiiiavajt ixMsuust

birfv5r jî(^;:9 MitMmdins jndS bailqqaOt ^Wrk '

ji^

,

,8l>‘iiKjqiii—vjil> ofC^ Ip ei<K)rfoa 9)flVnq’ oHbnif a^HAjiôK

iW 9ftiîiW fhiO 9fU)o J^mdSpo^df wioo^ loilibno® leb

lo saffio 9^{i lo [fisiti a Joqdoe

lo ORW Mipia (loiiAÛqqp xxwaaJB t ^4cO db -^nhavaJ

eaîiiUdiaiiov|?59ri ^ria aftfu«iiiii'Qt byiflcjwg pîtiootioqqo^dva

‘i

lii

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f/k1edJ nt !iwxds m doMw moaidud lo

^

aiTtS 9d4 lo fnînom iU^ bt^HibnÂmi lo leirunim '

QiiJ §oho/a.I ^mox lo ôm'tlûofhlA

Xlwl oj oôuii R»rf lo rfj/job !Kil 'tajia vl^n« ,^ÎId»8039^

A gaiiovoJ ^ io od) oi bojjimbfi «gw Wl ^(di^D is^x iath lo

:«inoi! Rid lo;OOJfbJ>04 ^Ti8j:;gO;ihi9TafJ;-:0aa^^^ ôpr^

^bflij ,-T miiiUiW’

Aft lol ^br/'Oiq Uiw 8ul ,0"vSI ni batb loqliftq tom &M d^podHA

aid lo bwinbdl^ basa'Jeimx'ff^ ipl tmk 'h oooiuyiibftoo

o4'^^[mo9 ofndl elH^mU erJl lo ôiocdo ^di lâ As9

“ôft iiprf'afiOR odlpo: M moiuo9X9

ijuod olfiW odl ,ttobftiimiI lo borroq oiji lo a«olo odi JulaeWS^

1

Raw \o mid w'&d odi d v8i b^diiob

«^SOOi liJjna iSfimq îiiîb sa OWa^gS^ ,boiaw

bobivibitii^ Qvi§^ ol ^R?wi&u^d aJilOBTOOr' riimV yrnbdrfSr niwfw

'

t nbiloslift Tsr^^Slgj

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lo fiftfli ft '/Ufti^naep.o nood and Saho/oJt .lU olil'Sxilne eid lâoidT

old 9*uod ft pid bqi/OTft qu lliud «fid bmi“,i5i4dî bna aolaftt oijeôb

flioXl .olqioohq dftilahdO bda <d .^xihaiouyufA

79bm,^,hf3ti9vnoo raw od^n9dw,,3d8I

aoed sad od ,ln0ft9iq od^ lilau ,4wdo l«i*X|ftHpd3n*>7^ adl lo ,.d.G

Ioqdo8 vnbm/8 ft hotkI ead oH .dJib'/r ROoijaHfti rii oViJoft {HAOuilnoo

•iaftd adl ai"old?n odl lo adJinJ a/ii r4njjqo:i^‘i,ifI £631 oopip isdoftftl

KlîwiRixJli ad ^\io<idgbn eid dJ anoiJftlai aid lobna §aivif nv)o a'anolon

*r*'' \

't

250 EUGENE LEVERING

his belief by his life and his Christian activity. In 1871, he with-

drew from the Seventh Baptist church to enter the Eutaw Place Bap-

tist church as a constituent member thereof, and was elected a dea-

con, which office he continues to fill. His enthusiasm was largely the

determining factor in the establishment of several Baptist churches

by the Baltimore Baptist Church Extension Society, of which organiza-

tion he has been president for fifteen years or more. The Fuller

Memorial and North Avenue Baptist churches owe their establish-

ment largely to his personal influence and energy. His work for his

church and his denomination is not performed by substitute; he

faithfully and personally attends to it and regards his accumulated

wealth as a providential means for service to God and good to his

fellow-men. He has been identified, however, not only with relig-

ious work, but with many philanthropic, educational and benevolent

organizations, the object of which is to uplift the people and incite

them to higher aims and holier purposes. Benevolent institutions,

indeed, occupy a generous share of his thought and service. He holds

such offices as president of the Society for the Improvement of the

Condition of the Poor; treasurer of the Society for the Suppression of

Vice; vice-president of the Charity Organization Society; and vice-

president of the Home for Incurables; besides others of a similar nature.

In 1893, he purchased a large building on Fayette street, in the center

of the city, and, after remodeling and furnishing it he opened it as a

workingmen’s lodging house, which is still carried on successfully.

Mr. Levering has been interested in educational matters for

many years. Since 1873, he has been a member of the Board of

Trustees of the Columbian University at Washington, District of

Columbia—now known as the George Washington University—and

a trustee since 1899, of the Johns Hopkins University. In the year

1889 he presented the sum of $20,000 to the last named institution

for the erection of a building for the use of the Young Men’s Christian

Association of the university—this being the fourth building espec-

ially erected for such use in any college or university—and it has proved

admirably adapted for a religious and social center of student life. At

the same time, he provided for an annual course of lectures on religious

topics to be given in the building, which during its continuance of ten

years included many stimulating discussions of religious truth.

With a judicial cast of mind and strong convictions as to the

duties of a citizen, Mr. Levering has never hesitated to side with what

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THOMAS McCOSKER

M cCOSKER, THOMAS, of Baltimore, marine architect andbuilder of wooden ships, long the head of the firm of ThomasMcCosker and Company, shipbuilders, elected a member

of the Maryland House of Delegates for the sessions beginning 1S72,

1874, 1878, ISSO and 1882, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on the

17th of September, 1834. Daniel McCosker, his father, was the son

of a farmer in County Tyrone, Ireland. While a young man he emi-

grated to St. Johns, New Brunswick, and afterwards he removed to

Baltimore, Maryland, where he settled. He married Miss HannahClarke, of Baltimore.

The boyhood of Thomas McCosker was spent in the City of Balti-

more, where he attended school. At the age of sixteen he entered

upon a formal apprenticeship in a shipyard of Baltimore. This was

in 1851, at about the time when the “Baltimore Clipper’’ was famous

among the old sailing vessels and had a reputation all around the

world. A certain romance attached to the building and sailing of

these famous, swift birds of sea-commerce. No boy who had in his

make-up any imagination could fail to have awakened in him, as

he worked in building these clippers, a craving for definite knowledge

of the manners and customs of the people in those ports of the world

which the vessel he was building would visit, and where the reputa-

tion of her class and her flag would make her the object of general

attention. A thirst for a knowledge of history, geography, and manymatters of science connected with shipbuilding and the sailing of

ships was thus awakened in the apprentice boy. He became an

eager reader of books of history and mechanics, and of all the text

books which appertained to his business of shiplniilding; and a taste

for philosophy was awakened in him. In his attendance at St. Pat-

rick’s Parochial School and at other private schools, he had awakened

in him the wish to investigate for himself the reasons of things. His

choice of shipbuilding as a life work was determined by the desire

which began to grow in him in early boyhood to be able to build and

sail sea-going vessels.

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THOMAS MCCOSKER 255

He 'thoroughly mastered his business; first as an apprentice,

then as a journeyman, later as a foreman, and still later as sub-con-

tractor. He rose steadily in influence and authority and from 1873

he was at the head of the shipbuilding firm of Thomas McCoskef andCompany.

Even before this time, his fellow citizens had discerned his ster-

ling qualities, and had chosen him their representative in the Maryland

House of Delegates in 1S72. He was four times reelected, the last

time in 1882. From 1901 to 1904 he served as a member of the board

of school commissioners for Baltimore; and in 1904 he was reappointed

for a term of six years until 1910. In the Legislature of Maryland

he gave close attention to the matters which were brought before

the House of Delegates for five terms, and especially during the stormy

sessions of 1880 and 1882. He advocated what seemed to him wise

and good legislation and opposed measures which he felt would have

bad results on the life and interests of his State. He felt himself

above mere partisan considerations. The agitation in Baltimore,

somewhat later, which resulted in the passage of wise and good

election laws, seems to have been the direct sequence of the reform

work of the sessions of 1880 and 1882, in which Mr. McCosker had an

honorable and a leading part.

He has always been allied with the Democratic party, but has

refused to bind himself irrevocably to a blind partisanship, always

reserving the right to vote for other candidates or other measures

if the interests of the people seemed to him to demand it.

By religious conviction he is identified with the Roman Catholic

Church.

On the 20th of October, 1859, he married ^liss Anna McSweeny.

They have had four children, but one of whom, Henry C. ^IcCosker,

is living in 1907.

As might have been inferred from his early tastes, Mr. McCosker

has found his favorite amusement and relaxation inwachting.

Asked for suggestions which would strengthen the sound itleals

of American life and help the young people of his vState to attain

true success, he says: “A man should equip himself thorouglily for

the business which he proposes to follow; and should build up a repu-

tation for integrity, and maintain it in all his dealings.”

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B qjj bli«d bh;Od|bm;wollol 01 ^Roqoiq'^ doid ssaniaud aril

eid Ik ni'îi nkmkm faaa ^vlnsalai lol noiiai

THEODORE KLEIN MILLER

M iller, Theodore klein. a study of the lives of

.

successful business men leads to the impression that as a

rule an early touch of financial adversity—or at least a

pressure of moderate circumstances—making necessary self-denial,

proves of inestimable value in the formation of business character

and the development of business ability. A personality which is

strong enough, to endu^’e privation without giving place to pessimism

or bitterness will usually emerge from the experience better equipped

for the tasks of life than if there had been no season of trial.

The late Daniel Miller, who founded the Baltimore house of

Daniel Miller and Company, was a pure “self-made’’ man. His

parents were poor and unable to give their son a liberal education.

His father, also Daniel Miller, had emigrated from Germany and

settled in Pennsylvania, where he pursued the profession of school

teaching. When he became convinced that he must carve out his

own fortune in the world without much aid from others, the son left

his home and started in the business world to win for himself a posi-

tion. He built up the firm of Daniel Miller and Company, which

has since become a corporation under the name of the Daniel Miller

Company, and has spread its fame from one end of the country to

the other and he was chosen president of the National Exchange

Bank of Baltimore.

His son, Theodore Miller, did not know in his early life the ease

which is enjoyed by most sons of well-to-do parents. He received

a good elementary education; but the years which might otherwise

have been spent at college, had his father already at that time won

great success, were instead spent in laboring in more or less humble

positions for the same end toward width Mr. Daniel Miller aimctl.

From a junior clerkship he rose to be the head of the house which

bears his father’s name; and the son has not only won for himself

a place among the successful self-made business men, but he has

contributed very materially toward the success won by his father.

Theodore Klein Miller was born at Lovettsville, Virginia, on

September 8, 1844, the son of Daniel and Mary Ann Miller. His

\ .

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THEODORE KLEIN MILLER 259

entire school training was received at the public schools of Baltimore.

After completing the grammar school course he entered the Baltimore

City College, from which he was graduated in 1S63, taking the first

Peabody prize of one hundred dollars, and being chosen to deliver

the honorary oration of his class. In September of the same year

he began his business career, entering the store of his father. Hehad realized at the time of his entrance at the City College that he

should probably have to pursue a mercantile career; and he had

come to look forward eagerly to the time when he could enter busi-

ness life._ From the bottom round of the ladder, by perseverance,

industry, and determination he worked his way up to a position of

eminence in the business. As president of the Daniel Miller Companyhe is at the head of one of the largest wholesale dry goods houses of

the South, his firm doing an annual business of between four and five

millions of dollars. Both in the amount of business done, and in the

extent of territory covered, the firm is steadily growing in importance.

Although the house of Daniel Miller and Company and its .suc-

cessor, the Daniel Miller Company, have made constant and close

demands upon Mr. Theodore Miller, he has, nevertheless, found time

to devote to other enterprises. He is a member of the board of

directors of the Hopkins Place Savings Bank; a director in the Mer-

chants and Manufacturers Association of Baltimore City, and presi-

dent of the Merchants and Manufacturers Building and Loan Asso-

ciation. He is a member of the board of visitors to the Baltimore City

College, and has been an active worker in the Presbyterian Church.

Mr. Miller was president of the Presbyterian Association for a number

of years, and in his own church he’ is an elder, president of the board

of trustees, and superintendent emeritus of the Sunday School.

Mr. Miller was married on June 2, 1SG9, to Miss Mary Louisa

Bradley, daughter of James H. Bradley and Lucilla S. Bradley of

Fredericksburg, Virginia, who died on December 2, 1S92. They had

five children, all of whom are living in 1907. On April 17, 1907, he

was married to Miss Grace Reid MacKenzie, daughter of Mrs. William

MacKenzie of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

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FRANCIS OSCAR MORGAN

Morgan, FRANCIS OSCAR, merchant, was born near

Morganza, St. Mary’s county, on January 29, 1854. Heis the son of William S. and Elizabeth B. Mattingly Mor-

gan. His father was a farmer, whose earliest known ancestors in the

United States came from Monmouthshire, England, with the early

settlers of the State.

In boyhood, he lived the healthy happy life of a boy on his

father’s farm, sharing in the work as his strength permitted, and

learning the duties of farm management. In early manhood he

took the position of clerk in a country store.

The influence of a good mother was a strong incentive to the

formation of a high moral character. Referring to his education he

says: “I taught myself all I knew; I learned little at school, and

attended only the public schools.”

The impulses which inspired him to strive for success came

through strong desire on his part to earn money that he might sup-

port his mother and sisters, and later his wife and child.

The influences of private study in later years, and of contact

with men in active life, have been powerful factors in his career.

Mr. Morgan is vice-president of the First National Bank of St.

Mar>'’s at Leonardtown. He has been president of the commis-

sioners of the village of Leonardtown since 1902.

In politics he is a Democrat. In religious faith he is afliliated

with the Roman Catholic Church. His favorite amusements have

been riding and driving, and he has shown his fondness for sport by

attending the races and by watching the popular game of baseball.

On April 29, 1S9G, Mr. Morgan was married to Miss Mary Henri-

etta Abell. They have had one child.

To the young men of 5Iaryland who wish for true success in life,

Mr. Morgan would .say: “Energy and strict attention to business,

with honesty, will lead to success.”

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DENNIS W. MULLAN

MULLAN, DENNIS W., Commander United States navy,

was born in x\nnapolis, Anne Arundel county, November

10, 1843. He is the son of John and Mary A. (Bright)

Mullan. His father was a man characterized by urbanity, justice,

and charity, who, for a number of years, held the position of post-

master of the United States naval academy and city councilman of

Annapolis, and who was filling those offices at the time of his death

in December, 1863. The earliest known ancestor on the paternal

side was John Hogan, who emigrated from Ireland to Marion county,

Kentucky, in the latter part of the eighteenth century. James Bright,

a maternal ancestor, came from England to St. Mary’s county, Mary-

land, toward the end of the seventeenth century.

Mrs. ^lullan’s influence was quite strong for good on every phase

of her son’s life. In jmuth his health was excellent. He was fond of

study, reading with special avidity history and the lives of great

men, particularly those who figured in the early history of America

and aided in forming the government. After studying in the Annap-

olis schools and spending the years from 1854 to 1856 in attendance

on courses at St. John’s college, he entered St. Mary’s college, Ken-

tucky, where he was graduated in 1860. In 1872 he received the

honorary degree of A.M. from St. John’s college. On leaving St.

Mary’s, the wish of relatives determined his choice of a profession, in

which the records and lives of our naval officers gave him the first

strong impulse to strive for success. He was appointed midshipman

from Kentucky, September, 1860. Under the pressure of war, his

class was graduated from the naval academy in 1863. He was

appointed ensign October 1, 1863, and was attached" to the steam

sloop Monongahela, West Gulf blockading squadron, under Admiral

Farragut, from 1863 to 1865. He served in attacks on various

batteries on the coast of Texas, and at the battle of Mobile Bay,

August 5, 1864. He also participated in both attacks upon Fort

Morgan, being present at its surrender, and afterward served on

the steamer Malvern, North Atlantic station, in 1865. After the

,'{Vi5£i ^^.e>iiiâ ly^JiftU i^biifimmoO ,.¥/ ^mvi^^fl JÂJJU'lv MTt+Klrnovo .yiitisof} hbJiwiA f)iifiA ^'aiioqmnt/. ni anotf 8/iw ||\^]()rf-M; .A y-iiil/: b^-e ii4pk 5o aoa o4Ae^ .f-^*gl ôi

AtX,f>f)ikij/ ,vjimni‘Uf boxheôîinb^njjfn is^ ?;iH .n^Hi/Wôq h miimq ads bhd ,snwy h i'}<ianm £îcA ,mij/ .vjhsuh biutio ncmlrjiUfoo '^.th bxui yujoha^/i hivim ayjFj^. bt^fifiU sdi lo joisrjn1‘hmh shi h oml) am Sa so^dflo seodl ;gni!hl tti7/, o/fvf bn& ,?iIoqj8nnAI.GfnaiftC| Qîi^ no to)8Of>0 f> nwofi^ ^ .8581 ^locfitisooG ni

.« noitfiM oS bniih'il njois bsim^fufio iJ/fv/ .OiijjoH iidoL bmv/ able

ly'î ^ .^S^, oi 0isTi‘ i)mij'> ,‘!Oj?.f>‘>/ifi I.ft/noJfifn s.’{Ilf jn*3^ io/i>ns# ddJ Imwo^ ,bnal

"

o?.Bdq V10V9 no boor, ‘lol aSiup aononfiiii a .eiM5o bnol BJiyr all snw 4 jinorf dd dujoy iil .a\il a’noa lad \o

\p KOTii oiij biiis '{loêid YJitdvn IJihaqsi 44iw gnibim /{bi/Ja<fi^hauux 10 vhaa $dj n't hoiiigb o4w saodj j^hiiluoitiuq ,n9fn-qaiiiiA o4.t xxi i>nr{bu ja lojlA .inonmiovo^^ adS ^liimo] ni Lobia bna9'>nahfT‘i>ij/< ni 0o8l oi od j gaThn^qa lina aioo/foa ailo

-no7I ôiôfloo vtcM JB baialna od tSôlho adot JB Jn a^sii/oo noaaS bayhaa^âd i^t8l ni .0D8t ni a/',# ad aiedw ,'{j(ojl/4

46 ^tir//iai ni,) .ogfjlioo R^ndoi .16 irjojl lAA }q ^viig^h •{‘Taionodni ,noj!s>.a)oiq xi lo oato/ia aiii bofiiiinai^b govitnim io jiaiv/ ddiliBiti ads mid eio^dlo Invna wo lo aavil bxia abiooî o/fi doidwnn/xiqiffal>ini boixiKxjan aav/ gll^ .8goor>t/8 lal o'/h1& oloafifqrrn gnoijgîd ,TxiY' lo eim^,nq ad) Jolm7 jmi .wchnabpB vdouSaa/l moil&nv/ all .8081 ai imaSmoa i&vsm moil ixHauhing env/ gaalonuiaSc vdJ oS ixiuoijofia aev/ biin .8081 . t i^+doioO rt;:îaii9 hoinioqqa

^l/nimbA lafvni/ .noibaiji^ ^nilwiiooid llnO 4e^V/ ^DhAn^siowoM: qool?f^hsv

^

00: ..gdaMjs ni bfy/vye, ell .im oJ VOSS moil Jupma'i.vnfi fiikloU In o/fj ta bna ,ef:y$T 1(» laxioo oifj no ô'nsSSndno'I noon - iia Jin nJ<)d ni bfjjxiqioiJixiq oafa ali A08T ,c janawAno ir» /ioc l»*ixwno)l4i b/i/s /lahnonifa 8ii ja jnoayiq gni!xi

,0 x2^'*^^'^

adi io;lA .r.OÎ ni jioliyjtt 'jhaAli/i djio'/. ,m Yj\nU. lomnaJa 9ff 1

264 DENNIS W. MULLAN

war he served on the Mohongo in the Pacific station, 1865-67.

and on the De Soto in the North Atlantic station, 1867-68. He wascommissioned lieutenant February 21, 1867, and was commissioneda lieutenant-commander, March 12, 1868. While attached to the

De Soto he was selected by Com^modore S. Boggs to command the

steamer Glasgow, then at the Pensacola na\w yard, to cooperate with

him in suppressing an expedition against Mexico, then fitting out in

New Orleans. From 1868 to 1871, he served on the Monocacy onthe Asiatic station, and was present at the two attacks upon the

batteries on the river Salee, in Korea, on June 1 and 10, 1871. In

1872-73, he was attached to the receiving ship Independence at the

navy yard, Mare Island, California, then to the Saco on the Asiatic

station from 1873 to 1876, when he was assigned to navigation duty

at Norfolk navy yard, 1877-78. Lieutenant-Commander Mullan

was executive officer of the Adams in the Pacific from 1879-81, and

while attached to the Adams he was detailed to accompany the staff

of General Baquedano, the Chilean commander-in-chief, in all his

operations against Lima, Peru . He was present at all the engagements

at Chorrillos, Mirafiores, and other places near Lima, and made a

report of these operations to the navy department. In 1895 he was

presented with a medal from the Chilian Government, as a n^mentoof having been a participant in the engagements named. By special

act of congress he was allowed to accept this honor. He was promoted

to commander, July, 1882, and was in command of the seven iron-clarl

vessels at City Point, James River, from 1884-87. On October 1,

1887, he was ordered to command the U. S. S. Nipsic and went via

the straits of‘Magellan to the Pacific station. At Punta Arenas in

these straits, he rendered assistance to one John Davidson, an Amer-

ican sea captain, who had been imprisoned by the Chilean authorities

at that place. For this service Commander Mullan received the

thanks of both the navy and state departments at Washington. Howas in command of the Nipsic at Samoa, during the troublous times

with the Germans there, and gave protection to the American corre-

spondent, John C. Klein, of the San Francisco “Examiner” and the

New Aork “World,” whom the Germans wished to be sent on board

the German man-of-war, Adler, their tlagsliip, there to be tried by

court martial for alleged offenses. He was in command of the A ipsic

during the great Samoan hurricane of March 16. 1SS9, and this

vessel was the only American ship saved. The city council of Annap-

y.Ajj’JV aivtK'-iti f-02

.TO-CO^r ,noiM^ oxlioii'l dd1 xtJ cv'itoi^fivL t>rf? ao bfjv'i^ ed iaw

dH .cJO-'To^r ,noIii^)n oin'cIiA drro/. f>rit ai no Lnfi

bonoi8?.lmrnoo env/ bns .T081 'amnanî jnjsn^Ji^yil

PMr o) olidW AinMl ,iel uunmKo-ia^no'jnail a

erit biiiunnio'^ oi .r. sôisoniAôQ vd unw o\o?*

dîv/ o) Jn«v vven xtioyBerr^^ 9rU iiori) âv^>^/is\0 texnasia

m iLo C3d) .ooixoU noi.îb^qxd nxj sni^^nqqiifi ni mid

no v>*>n^v>«oU axil.>K> bovirj« ad 8581 moT^‘1 .enôhO

odj noqii owt 5 d:t .jnaôiq e^'fr bna aniitoA sdi

K':Sr^- nkl .01 hiui i ,am.fT. no iti,33!^?^ *r9'di Ofit no

i ji' ., w* qide j^niviaooi odJ oj hadoiîliJ oil ,Kt~’S7BI

j. u.hsk.A 9A 13 jfio oiij o5 aad-1 ^hniii?)! ,u''1^^.y wû

i vuib tioiliJ:^viiii nr b^njîp&jS air// ad na«lv/ ^0v8I Oj T.V8I moil

.ii.-K labnomxnoO-Jiixinoî/oiJ .8T-’iT8l vftiVhoX, JiT'

: ir.i .1^^ -0t8l moil adl ni ?ivu:tbK srdt I0 wiflo avituoaxa e/J^

r;,ij«.. vniy;i?i03:.« a) boU/iiat) ecw od adi orbad'mJla îdw

' ’

.;ffj ui .1.oM^-fd'iabni>f«inoo riaoIidO adJ ,oxixiboi/piiî \o

^rnmri9;îigas $slj Hz’* ^/i ln'>«3iq b«7/M . ino’I ,iin»U arioi:^/r^^

;; :.bBm ban ,jamiJ liian aoa/jlq x^dio bn/s ^«9ôlUiri4 ,aoUmoiiO l&

eiv:r ml c(>ar nl Jiiosaiiaqab ~ed$ oi ‘38sd4 ‘io lioqari

-: ojnotiinm n &e ^^namniavoO nîRilidO »d4 nroil Ub^nt a dji// fcalnowsnq

iwioijqa vH .bsmnn adj ni ^nijqimJTnq b od*^ ^rti/au lo

^ bvturnotq rbt/ ai l .I0fl0x:| 4q‘non nj l>av/bll;; 3;rr vd Rayn^nQO ô 4oa

i)Bi*?'frmi aovflti .9iij )o bxiBmraoa/î rni ff bfxa ,1:881 , -y'lnbnr.mxtroa oJ

,\ 'iodoioO nO ,;8 {-^ 8r moTi ' idViH hjm2l .'init-’-I vliO U alahâv

hiv jn-5/. I>/JB ,::irqi7. .8 .8 -.bl od4 Imirnnfrm o5 frnnlto ^147/ od J88!

«i a/iny-iA iitnu'i 1A .noi1fi>a oaiunH adj <8 Bti/n.!a mb

-lour/. HB ^noabiy^CJ ndob juo oi ayira-ralaan {>9iol n^n an ,a)ijrtt» o«rc:d^

nBoIidO oib ’{d bono ihqmi n&ad b/id od /t ^niii4'|Ba aoz asoi

<w|? ba'/h^'y’ fixillnl^ labafimnic'!) Ririi *10 1 . ôniq ;lBd.t

> ;:. ‘în dai;V/ jh pjnaaruinqob j-Jila boa X'/na o/l4 x{j(K.i In a)lai>iij

; v:nrl rif« ddnoi.; adt y.ni-iub ,nomish jn tdeq' V* od^ \o bamaua^-' ni aew

;.rtf>o ni;ohaiuA »il4 o4 noiiyjrJmq avn;!^ bnfl mnm’ajO adl dJi^

orh i ir. v.axUrus'/.'d ** oamneri 0;.8 adj *!(> .0 ndoL ,4fribaoq8

Liaod no bnd&i:// aiti;in''.d.) adj aiodw * ,hhoV^‘ dio/ wo/L

vd bai-n ad o4 oiadl tqidagnh 'liadl ,iabbK ,inv/4o>-fliim nflm'ioO ad^

tiVd«^'s7i. adi lo Ln/inimoa ixi 6B7/ rtl .aaûtoBo ba^âlia lol IxsiJ*iBXn 4xuoo

e.tdl bfsB ,01 do-uU lo sn/mmmi nflO/mr8 lA3Tg odS gnlii/b

-qr.nn A lo i!ai?no’> v )io odT .I)avjsa qlrle n BoiiomA od 1 ?.wr/ laaeav

DENNIS W. MULLAN 265

oils voted him thanks for his conduct at the Samoan Islands; and the

legislature of Maryland, at its session of 1890, presented him with a

gold chronometer watch, in appreciation of his conduct during the

political complications and the great hurricane at those islands.

Commander Mullan, on his return from the Pacific, was on leave of

absence for some months, after which he was ordered to duty as light-

house inspector of the eighth light house district, with headquarters

at New Orleans, 1890-94. In 1894-96, he was in command of the

two vessels Mohican and Marion, on the Pacific station. In 1896

and 1897 he was in command of the navy yard and station at Pensa-

cola, Florida, and was retired in July, 1901, under the act of congress

allowing an officer of the navy to retire after forty years of service.

Since his retirement he has resided in Annapolis.

On July 25, 1876, he was married to Ada R. Pettit, of San Fran-

cisco, California, by whom he has two sons, both of whom are living.

Commander Mullan is a Democrat and a Catholic. For recreation

he turns to hunting, music, study and reading. He takes great

interest in athletics. Life has taught him to “advise diligent study

and investigation. The study of history I would encourage as well

as the study of lives of prominent men. The study of our own con-

stitution is of prime importance, and is too often neglected in public

schools. English and Roman histories should be placed in the hands

of the young.”

KAJdUM ,W flftWKSa

»di htiis odi h'^'Huhjao^0 w\ mtrf ho,tov rHo

,.,feyaoiM!)|fqrrfod 1^0

: , ^1? incnt fiTU^ «?y m .Jijilii/M lahn/umnoO

fliM iVvitt-.;; „, ^ ^'« j ^.» -<^' V ‘., «•', . t'T.' t‘ -» ',"*- . ^ v>

' Mi? io t«t«fljmo3 ai smr 9d\p6:^taj"^ wsVI 4«

.V5>îojR^-, ajrf^,viio alaeaav owi.

W xyj^ 9x(i od XQ8I bira jHlo‘^^::^li''T&bxiix as^ i>n£5 ^^bnall >lo>^

* xôl o^ na gniTroIU

laI()<jArt0A cifbafolE?rT Birf oonigV-p«- «*.* W

i .Ip &jad ,^03 ow^ a^ ,îriioîlaO ,oozhn

to^ .aiidrfÔ 4,8f'mll0M ^^)baBmiaoOWJS>|a'i;§ ai^Jier aH .gaiMai^ to oi mwi od

™ Qâxitftos Muow I

flwo wo 1o ^b/jj3 odT .flam jîOiTuisforidf loeaviHo ^buâ sdi aa^prfdfl^ tK^ Bil>aa- ,90ii4^ omhq

- ' ^*!???^ b;> >iilq ad bhioxlB eonojaid AampH .afoodoa

tfV

•ilf

®'.-. -T»-

MRv : ‘l!K«f' -'•>*

vp'«^

).

jfi^\,tr; \“ Vt > V t

Ji /fa .• lil aiiilfcl

'bgffflOX; sdi lo

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yj \»• ^ pfcy j

m,

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN NEWCOMER

BALTIMORE’S commercial prominence has been gained by the

concentration of energy upon a few industries, in which all

rival cities have been outdistanced, rather than through any

endeavor to compete with other centers for general trade in all

commodities and products. Among the architects of the city’s impor-

tance as a grain center were the Newcomers, including among other

members of the family the late B. F. Newcomer, who acquired through

his commercial enterprises a fortune which enabled him in later years

to become one of the most influential capitalists of the South. Benja-

min Franklin Newcomer was born at Beaver Creek, Washington

county, on April 2S, 1827, the son of John and Catherine (New-

comer) Newcomer. His parents were first cousins, being grandchil-

dren of Wolfgang Newcomer, who came from Switzerland to Phila-

delphia about 1720. John Newcomer was an influential man in

Washington count}", owning large estates and conducting a flour mill

near his home at Beaver Creek. He founded the flour and grain com-

mission firm of Newcomer & Stonebraker in Baltimore. Washington

county chose him as its sheriff, county commissioner, state senator,

and a member of the convention which framed the State Constitution

of 1851.

B. F. Newcomer, who was known to his friends as Frank, spent a

life which has been characterized as valuable as an example to every

young man ‘‘in its very simplicity and unwavering devotion to its one

ideal of duty, crowned as it was with richly deserved success.’’ His

mother was a woman of a “beautiful Christian character, combined

with a gentle firmness and strong, practical, common sense,” and to

her training, example, and love, l\Ir. Newcomer attributetl much of

the development of his own character and those qualities which fitted

him for his success in life The Newcomers lived in Hagerstown from

1829 to 1834 and then resumed their residence at Beaver Creek where

the son waa educated at the county school. He early acquired the

habit of hard work and displayed a firm determination to excel.

After school hours he labored on the farm, or looked after the mill.

'iJHMGDWriM HlMAlHaa"J '

^

'

^T^^d e.cjfl ^‘va^ntjncnq bua“:i/tnmoo

Hl) doiihv ni ,i^:>nli?,.j.‘forti v/->' a aoqrj lo noihyifnâno*^

vfTi? iI;c.c;on(^ nnd - -.k • tr/i n9od ovJid 'Bolfh- kvix

Hfi "ai ,}biixi Xfxt is|dto dJi# e^3<imo*j oi tmuMms.etowi:>oicj

^înhisbnt ,r n>fxtO’j7/^yi arii yjow i^jn*K> /t

^5!^!ô•;l( J !vr;u)|‘â Oit77,i^)rm.')7/oVI .0 e*i;l ofl^ vIiin/^1 9if1 lo

^5/i-jv •tvhd ni «fifi ôldna'i d'Mdv/ sawîo't f. g.‘}?:hqiyift9 tp.hm'iuno^

.fin‘o8 '{o?,t(?i{i3liqa?> laiinowiytii >t^.om 9ri) lo 9«o otno'^^S CKl

'idvcoÎ -Jij mod ar.v/ uiid^fin'd aim

.r.7r 07-> iwyHodiftO bnc qdol lo ao^ oili Inc.A nv> ;xy«Tm>o

-iiri'>bx!ai:5 âiod êakuoD lHi£^ 9197/ siH ( 59^^

-nliiiÎ oi bfinhdstmB moil ornfio oH’w ,io/fioowolll lo ii^jb

a-i niim laijnaofixri nw aaw i^nioatWol^ mlot tijoda ^tilqisb

,Mmi luofi a :§aiioj.fbno9 biia aîaiao îim'wo

-uioo niai^ boa luofl o:(i ivihfiuol oil .dc^Dlova^rida'iirrorl aiii *ia5a

iiotr>iaIiIac7/ .010m ni loilj: 1don oyc^4 !?> lOinoowoVl io 01 ooi^âtiii

/lobanoa oIiMh ,i9noii.c:uiii>ioo v;uuiO'' ,Brj9xlaatr‘' «»dd oaud .- ^nwoo

noh‘/yiiaaoO otfll8 od:‘ bonail doidv^ /lol^nsvnoo adt lo ixfni9i:> js bcia

.fodno

4: Jiiocja ea ahr; . i’ll aiil o'^ nv/oxid Bmr orfw ,i9;noov/oyi .'I .H

V1870 o^ olqfiifixo aa boxmbixstfido sr.d doin'w old

oao i-.ti oJ jnoiiovob ra ^fciif biu? Ylioilqmie viov bH fti*‘ imm

eilT*' .aasootra liovi-âob diiv/ aav/ eua bonv/oio ,\iob lo leobi

boffklmoo ,i9.toisiiido nnit^^hfiO loliJjja'xT* b lo iiumov? a aav/ lorflom

ot biJ^ *'.oaa:>6 nommoo,li*oiJOB'iq

I

htb aaommfi b d.tiw

j > ib»uiii boJi/JiUJa ioiU4,o’Y9]4 /jvol bna, 9fqmBxo ,^^niniflit loH

beM;! ;i'-)iriv; ?.oid!cifp npOfiS hnn laioxn/ulo nv/o sîd In Moniqolsvsb odit

moil av/oJaiyîiJIjii bovil aiainoowoX orJT ©lil ni Raôou?. ?,i/i io‘i miri

oioiiv/ dooiOvio/BolI^B oDnsbiaoi liodj boiiitiaoi nods/ bna iC8I oi Q^Sl

l)Oiii/p»B (hjiO oH .loodoe xb»i/o» odJ Sa bo-bioubo rby? noe 9dJ

.loi'/o oJ floitanlnnoJ >b iinfi /: bo*^/iIq«ii» bira diov/ biad k> )id/id

Jim! 9ii5 lojlii boJooi 10 îniiil oHi no l>9i‘KJrJ od siuod loodoe leilA

BENJAMIN FRaNKLIx>J NEWCOMER 269

' When his father was sheriif, he i'requentiy traveled over the county,

summoning juries or witnesses. He was sworn in as a deputy sheriff,

at the early age of ten years. In 1837 the taraiiy again removed to

Hagerstown; and in 1840 young Newcomer entered the Hagerstown

Academy where he remained for a year, intending to be a civil engi-!

neer. In March, 1841, however, when the family returned to Beaver

Creek for a second time, the son chose to go out on the farm rather than

to remain at the academ}v A few months afterward John Newcomer

[wished to send someone to Baltimore to spend a few months looking

after his business interests there, and accepted the son’s offer of his

services. This step fixed B. F. Newcomer’s residence in Baltimore\

and gave him much cot eted mercantile opportunities. He took hold 1

of the flour and grain business with great energy, and in a few years 1

' built up so large a business that the house of Newcomer & Stone- ’

: braker did about one-tenth of the dour business of the city. He ’

[

purchased his father’s interest in the firm, giving notes for the value of

I

that interest and agreeing to pay, in addition, the sum of one thou-

[ sand dollars a year for the use of his name, until he reached the age of

\ twenty-one. On November 14, 1848, f\Ir. Newxomer married Amelia

I

Louisa Ehlen, daughter of John H. Ehien of Baltimore, by whom he

[

had three daughters and one son, Waldo Newcomer.

[ Mrs. Newcomer died on October 20, 1881. On February 9, 1887, Mr.

[

Newcomer married iMrs. Sidonia Kemp, widow of Morris J. Kemp and

idaughter of Charles Ayres. The second Mrs. Newcomer died on

j February 7, 1898.

I

Realizing while still a young man that his education was incom-

I plete, Mr. Newcomer joined the Mercantile Library, and became a

' regular reader there, attending its course of lectures upon natural

t philosophy, astronomy, and chemistry. Later he became a director

^ of the library. In 1854, at the age of twenty-seven, he was elected

a director of the Union Bank—afterwards known as the National

Union Bank of Maryland—being the youngest member of the l^oard.

The firm of Newcomer Stonebraker was dissolved in 1862 and

.Mr. Newcomer continued the business alone, trading as Newcomer ACo. The flour business was discontinued in 1896, but the firm

continued in existence, junior partners having been admitted fromj

time to time and the firm keeping Mr. Newcomer’s accounts and|

fumls for financiering his railroad interests. In 1853, Mr. New-|

comer became a member of the first Board of Directors of the Corn}

1

PiJvi^W/jn /aj/ava:^

y0i

\A'

••1!

roaisoi^ vjvo fctbvirf.j od' jimih Rfsw titl rnd’HJ.in'j/tes ^{jijcjab £ ;u a :»*.s:.'>«Ji77 anino/umtia

,

^

awQ>l«i^)s,fiIf -erii ^^{npDv/s?! Oi-gi nj bnî^ny/oiaiagAHirvi*' <H1 îjfenwjni ,li:ax bonJA;«ti&i tfi niJiiv/ xro^^bsoA

oi vjii-ma 9 dJ^ flOtbw vi#vr/?oft ,li^gi îloiiil/: nl .loonJi4.:jj:t -if>d>ai aoim> 61 ao« -aîi JbaoMâ jyol ^9913

, TAmfyffdii Bikil i>:iii7nnjk edlfiorii A .Xfn^bftD^ 9d1 1b nifirno-i olm1îiOifT!'#9l4iibn«K|a p>q{io9mo« bnoe 03 Itorfai//

Jo 79fu> is noa 9d| |>9lq^>P74rbfiB,v">i?:.d1^ %iii i9iU9onobi?iai a‘i6xno!)woM ,l“fl ijozd qats aidT .sooiviM

V" bio.) dool 9H^

.89i1i«iijioqqo Wis/oo ihtun mid 9Vji;!| Loofc*mov B ni biiB .YS'iono dbv/ fôalaijfl nmg^nn luoft oifJ k"©rtol'r^. :2) i^raoT/mV! I0 aapoii odi tBiii b og qu Ifind«>n .vib 6/11 > To itM j/(i ip ipodB bib ‘lOyl/nd

,, lo )<jIpv 9ii1 to} &0I0X1 ;g/ii7i^>na odJ m aid boamhwq•"ihnU onO;, }.o mija. $d1 ,iioi)ib.b/i 411 ol Tîd vjig^ bnp Isdi^lfli ladilo 91-s/t 9d1 b^doBOT ©;i liiwu ,pinen ^hih mv mli lo} ^jsr/ a sarJhb bneaÎhunA bdntQm winorud/[ *iK ,8b8I aO mno-xInQWIod aiodvf xd .moaujkfl h mdf !h ndol lo vsidj^mb naiuod

- .torn(.rv>v/aM obliiV/ ,noft 9no b/i# ftioldgij^b £>o^

nU JgBI ,0 aO .IggX ,01’ •I9do1L<>^(î>fîbT^^rtoo77^/..a^

bnn qmb/l .tamoH !o wobrV .siV b9mr>m lamoowoVI

;

* ' bsm ima&mQ¥. ,gni/ b/jobsa odT .aPit/. ‘a^hîriD lo loidguBb

/ ,^Q^l ,T '(TBinds^''*

jsjiv/ xiqilfiwbo Tjid led 1 imm griuov /i,.iff jcj Îhl n snisil/59ilB fKiiB^yd biXB ^vundLl ^ma&ovdr. mlS irmioi lOftior^/oVx .lU ôlslqlB7UJi5n i. vqu e^TubioI }o o.iipo:> aii ôibnoltc ,979fl1 labBiii Tcfugoiio1o9Tib B exfljiosd od lOJul .y-jiRiomd > bnxi .ymanoii^ ,vdqp>iolidqba1»9b Row'oxl ,n,0V9fe^x1no’A?1 \o odi 1b >c8f nl .yTjjidil ad1 loJBnofdrX «'ft 8J 1 nwofn( ?“biir/;'!ot*j/i—dncXi xiomlj »dl lo lolosiib ^.bicr d e)dl lo iîuem ia^^nuoy od3 ?îo9d— brodvod^ lo >In/ja xiomUbiu: Ibcî jxi bovioaeib 8B /; i^dinJoxto};^ mmooT/oZ lo xniil odT " ^J.6

mniOMvmV! sb ;«nfb/n1 ,tmola, kkmiaud ^d1 bi5fLrTtnon i?»moyw9>1 aUxirhi Old lod ,0081 tu bsuiuino'itlh ?.JMt mif-inkud xjj»>n odT ,oOnur,} hoTSiwb^ xm'Kl :^ruvi:d Brvmjuq iomtq >ou9)ftixo ni bounilnoDb/iB sixiuoooB aS‘»u:oov/o>I .tH ^nk|09>l xxnd f>xd bxui oxnil ol axxiil

_ •V70/1 ,'tU ,£ogr ni .aitiOiiflni bxunliiii fciii ^niioionBiifli lol al/iiull

“fe-AloQ 3iit io &'jojr:'>‘T>Ti m bujcdd Igifi fjdj lo '/x)dxxi9ni b 9fnB*>9d loinoD

270 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN NEWCOMER

and Flour Ext-hange; and in 1879 he was a member of a committeewhich recommended the purchase of the present site and the erection

of the building destroyed in the great fire of 1904.

For many years Mr. Newcomer w^as in close touch with the

interests of tlie Pennsylvania Railroad System, though never an

official of that road. In 1861, he was elected director of the Northern i

Central Railway Company and w^as made chairman of its finance\

committee, which position he held continuously—except for a period

of voluntary retirement from the Board during the four years from

from 1874 to 1878—until his death. He conducted the negotiations

for most of the real estate purchased by that company in Baltimore

during the period of his directorship. He was also a director of the

Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company, and a

member of its finance committee from 1SS2 until his death; and for

many years a director of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Com-pany. In 1895 he succeeded to the presidency of the latter company.

Mr. Newcomer wms president of the Union Railroad Company from

1882 until his death, and in this capacity persistently declined to

accept any salary, but had an annual dinner given to the stock-

holders and other friends at the expense of the road, in lieu of a salary

to himself. The resolutions adopted by these companies in memoryof him asserted that ‘'His sound judgment, ripe experience and quick

perception rendered him a most valuable and trusted counsellor.”

“Mr. NewTomer added to his ^vell known financial acumen, com-

bined wdth broad, fair minded, judicial temperment, a most charming

personality that impressed all with whom he \vas brought into business

relationship.”

Mr. Newcomer^s great railroad achievement, however, was i

connected with the building up of the Atlantic Coast Line System.

After the close of the Civil War, when Southern Railroad property|

was in a deplorable condition, a meeting of a number of Baltimoreans i

was held, on September 14, 1868, to consider the possibility of rehabil-

itating the Wilmington and Weldon and the Wilmington and Man-

chester Railroads. It w\as resolved to form a syndicate to purchase !

these railroads, on condition that Mr. NewTomor would act as trustee i

and conduct the negotiations. Mr. William T. Walters became cn-|

trustee. The w'ork was taken up and, on April 26, 1S70, a meeting

of the syndicate authorized the reorganization of tlio railroads under

new charters and the Southern Railway Security Company was formed.

07S

•jojJiiTjmoa ^ “io n »/? j-/ ^d fJT8l m hn.^ •tijol'l ixfi/i

ea) i)xi*i o:»ici âow<t iSH; \o p^.Uhn>q arl? r>iJiti?->ijiA7iooo’T a'jf/fvr

i»xl|. :iiiyA:...df>_aoi rcW' /iM.- mr/^x, yaum w'i

Hf; iovm fi;iifodt bô-rboH ejiii^viYaxtrrt'l {>4? V> iiiasioiai

n:od):oZ 3i) j lo mtt>i)iib boiiioh îivi sd ^lt^Bl nl 'to IjaialBo.

9or.e;iH sti fixim'îf.'i^ v4>xun h.ai5 xnfjqmoO vfiwftfcJi fpit/tsQ

boiTXj li 10^ LifJxl :-»H aotii:-soq d'iixiv; .ôîijaixxJOD

a, 4 ?rifi9.Y odt IasoU min\ jirofnoiit3t *(*ifl1autov lo

hlliWnr''^ ©H .dtuob «ifi oI.K8j moil

91041 i riuH. id Y«Aqmoi iudi vd bfâiub-m/q îdutrô \mi 5o morrx loH

: >' 4 Ofebi hiiyr 9H .vjidBifvjt)9*xib aid lo bohcKq 9r{j ^>niiab

4 but. bxJOiliiiH' 9iomiJbjH f>f;,o ,«ixiqbbalii(‘I^

V-': b/vn ;dtxi9b aid iUnu €p.8f mo'i't mninuiio^ ©oafjat^ all lo t^cmm-rr; : ’.) bj?.odi/iH i>mno;cdl bat ^loraitbjH. od.t lo iol'>oiib.,^ eir.ov -gt^n

.Y^nqmoo i9il£i{ 9iiJ lo vonobiftoiq odl bobâoun !mI nl /{fiuq

uiij-bl ynftqmoO btimlUK noi/iU srit lo bX9}>ia9iq mv lonioovf^^y .iM

ol ‘'{teoiaieioq x^miq.%o aidt xu Ujw'StSBI’

sdj ol oevig loxidib Imiaim rtB bnd Jod /naffta '^'f£

{i/'-Iaa & lo uoii ixi orftlo oaaoqxs odl it fdjom) lorf to haxi Bi^bJod

Viofiiewi iii aoio»qfn05 oaodi vd b3lqobj3 anoibiloaoi *^41' .lloaiuy ol

yioiijp ban eqh bimoagiF'' to

‘ .Toli?>>?;nK>s botaf/iJ brm oldi'oujv teom a xn’ii bo.^bnyi roiiqooiaq

-0ITO3 ,4i9.-auo« iiSdIfsxra aytoai il^v/ sbt ol^bbxi .*i9i)BQy« .'j>f''*.

Bnfimorio)?,oxxiii înojrioqtnat ^b^bnim ti^l ,bmid dim boriM

r jfik;jd o.!iTi Idôa^d

î,v .qidanoililoi

eiv// ,7ov9wod-,

bijict^^/'ddujî mo’iImT a'l^mosYô’/i .itC

.10 >rev8 9nnl iifio'J obnaltA orfi lo qo "fiiiibiii/d sdi dtiw botoafrooa

//'jBqori k^f mimij iu$di\joS, mdv{ ja N !ivrD odl lo oioio odl toJIA

art»v:;j.;>ri.'ijljiti lo v.Hitmm z lo gniiowj h .noiJifaoor/ Îdmolqob e ill sew

“Itdcd-n 'O viiiidicaoq ofU lohLrioa oj ,808" vidsmUp^ r.o ,b|orf tew

-im.,14 biie aoi'îuaalVU sdi bne nobloY/ bne not^ôiffrfiW oxil s^niteti

oj otiiutbnva p. rrnol ol b^vlo&oi aev/ jl .ahuoiliali

93l?4ni ae ton bh/?r?r nôfoownVl *iF. êdl ooi/'d^:io3 /lo âbeoilietoaodl

-oo 9m>,9od^si9tlr.V^ .T mniiir// .*{14 .anoitidôjân odi ôubnoo bat

jsoitoexn e ,0T8i ,d2 InqA a<» .bo,*? qo »qr4e,t *uiv/ ^fiox/ odT .eÛini

i^huuabeoiliti Ofb lo ooun^^faeqiuai oxit bo^hoilliia t^te9ibax& oiU lo

.haiinolaew voeqr;u)r)^jntfoeavft7r(tr.fl moflttioc; odi bar. notierio wsa

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN NEWCOMER 271

The fruits of the enterprise were not realized as had been hoped and,

in 1878, it was necessary to wind up the company’s affairs and pay

its debts.

Not discouraged by the s>mdicate’s lack of success, Messrs.

Newcomer and Walters formed another syndicate and, by close per-

sonal attention and hard work, were able to commence the regular

payment of dividends in 1882. To simplify the complicated relations

existing among the various railroad properties, a proprietary com-

pany to own and hold the securities of these companies was planned

and, in April, 1891, the American Improvement and Construction

Company was organized under the authority of a resolution of the

General Assembly of Connecticut. This company’s name was after-

wards changed to the Atlantic Coast Line Company. In July, 1S9S,

the railroads of the Atlantic Coast Line in the State of South Carolina

were consolidated under the name of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad

Company of South Carolina and, in November, 1898, those in Virginia

were consolidated as the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company of

Virginia. In ^lay, 1900, the consolidation of all the properties was

completed, under the name of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Com-pany, its main lines extending from Richmond and Norfolk to Charles-

ton. Mr. Newcomer was president of the Wilmington and Weldon

Railroad Company from December, 1888, to February 12, 1890;

vice-president and treasurer of the Atlantic Coast Line Company,

and director of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and subsidiary

companies. Mr. Newcomer was also a director of the Richmond,

Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad Company and of the Plant

Investment Company for many years. His relations with William T.

Walters have already been referred to. They were personal friends,

served together as City Finance Commissioners from 18G7 to 1869,

and were closely associated in railroad projects in the South and other

enterprises until Mr. Walters’ death in 1894. Through this friendship

for ^Ir. Walters, Mr. Newcomer became a personal fuend of William

H. Rhinehart, the sculptor, and after his death .Messrs. Newcomerand Walters were the executors of Rhinehart’s estate.

In 1864, Mr. Newcomer became one of the incorporators of the

Safe Deposit Company of Baltimore. Later it appeared that there

was a field for an incorporated company which should act as trustee

or executor, and an amendment to thecompany’s charter permittimi it

to accept trusts of estates was granted by the General Assembly in 1868.

KS: HaMOawaK

n.oî boukcn 9’7*r// sdMo eJiinl siiT'î:q br4î 8iiaB,e B'xmqtm^ (jif bnjw m aev/ ,8T^1 ni

,.fse.30f3i;8 b >JcriiI a^cTfioibflvft' io7l-i$cj <ôb xd oUtma'^ i^moor/aZ

iii{;f aonmt.mo::> 0,f îilsisoiav^ J'snw t^<y| ,ba/;ijioi:rnoJii5 hno^PMnS^hi b')Jjsoi'hjmot> ^divjllqmbi oT S'^^X aiM^mhivih h7namx£q-moD v;ixibhqoiq fj .r^tmqciq ai/oIv:v odJ ^nornu gnilaiz^

boiii?0fq ?,fi% aaknqmot^ 98941 io srrfi khd bm nwo ol yncq/lOiôcnâjToD bm ^mmavo’Hiibl ni *i>nn

woitaioBaft « k y.tnQdjff;/i $41 i$lV0u bes-icfijpo a^*// vncqmoOe/;// $OTJ3n a'xnaqritoa si/iT . fmonoO

,SQHl ,xkl xiJ .vnfiqmoa oiiij h/ioO oUiudiA ods o: bo'iâmh ebinv/

îloiizl) fhucS lo 91/1 tH 9 /t j ni ^nid ISiioO i>iin/jUA $nt lo fcbr.oiIim odl-bô*ijijsrj laiioD lo ounui anj 'tsbijsj bol^biloanoo

înigiiy fli a&odl ,mBl \wdmovoK ni Jmn âih idJ iixuoB lo vneqmoOlo x^dqmoD bfiOiJifiH onU ^?4ip0 $4 fill feolfibiloanoo 9iov/

«aw a$iii$qoiq Oif iS lo ncu^bHogfioa $4r ,(M! ,X4?M 0I .ainrîiV

-fnoO LiimltelE oniJ adl lo a^tTiin o4l lobitw ,b$1$fqmoo-89hfld0 oi2{|olio% l*q[8 tnomrfpiH nmiii ali

noWoV/ bii8 liiabiaaici .tl/C .nol

;O08i ,SiX . *XT/imde'l oi ,8881 . ixf/naDoCI moil. âiiiqmoD bfioiImH('{‘'tsqoroO 9mM iv «.<>;) ‘>it08l|A Wii ioTaar/S'iJ box toobieo'iq-aor/

’X'Jxibisdaa box barnii^H viiaoD oitnRU/. odi lo lo^boiib bnabmoofd'iiH odj lo tolooiib a oaln B/r// lomo^vAal^! .iK »a$insqmo9inxH oHi lo bxoilmll b04 §’UK/H:ô‘h$boi'd

.T muilHYi ^Jlw ^noilxJoi .awox 70 ] vaxqmoO inomiôvnl^Bbftaiv liinOBioq aiD'y x^4T ,oj hm ala i nood vbxoiia ovnrf RiollaV/

t008l oi T08I mo:il notxiykahim'.o'^ &»rTnirri yiiO ax T9rf)$:gol bovioalajillo box dIjuoS Ofll iii aio^^^ôiq bxo*iii/n oi bobiiooS'X xôaolo 0197/ ]>na

qiif-ibnohi ftirll ifpi/oidl’ ,1X}8I ni 4Ixob foollx/i ,114 libio eoghqiotnomsilh'yV lo booial lanoeioq a Oir'xoad lonioovr^F/i .ii4 .tiolffiV/ .lU *iol

toriiOowoH .8i88f>1^ dlxab Rfd Totlr; bnn ,7oJqUm adl ,bfarldnMXT .TI

^ a'bianouidH lo adJ oiov/ BiailuV/ bnsod,t lo eiolxioqiuoni od.t lo o/ip oma'?$ti ;iI4 ,J^d8t fli

sio/il JsifiS bo7xo<|qx ti lolaj .oiomiiiiifl lo xnaqmoO JieoqoTI

ooJaml mi ion bfuode sioidvr vnnqaioo hafmQqroiiai nii lol bhd a

i^niliirfirjq 'fohnsh BWnnqrnOo^ dJ oJ Sn^HnbnoinA nn bnc,101009x9 10

.o98I 01 xWmasaA ixionoO orll balaaig b£v/ p.oix tao lo aisini iqooon 0)

272 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN NEWCOMER

In July of that year, Mr. Newcomer was elected president of the com-pany and, under his direction, the trust department became so impor-

tant that, in 1876, the name of the corporation was changed to the

Safe Deposit and Trust Company of Baltimore. Mr. Newcomer waspresident of this company for thirty-three years. He did not

hold a controlling interest in the stock and received no salary for thei

first eleven years of his presidency. After his death his fellow mem-1

bers of the Board of Directors said that “it was as President of|

this company that he was most appreciated in this community, and

its history is the record of the most active part of his long, useful and

busy life; its growth and its standing is the most enduring monument to

his wisdom and intelligence, to his integrity and industry, and to the

loyalty with which he guarded every interest confided to his care.”

Although he avoided directorates as far as possible, he served on nu-

merous boards, but never allowed his name to be connected with any-j

thing to which he could not give his attention. Among such positions I

were a directorship in the Savings Bank of Baltimore and a trustee-

ship of the Johns Hopkins University, in which latter position he

servêd from April 2, 1894, until his death. His associates in the

Board put on record their belief that “he will be remembered as

a man devoted to business, who found the time and showed the dis-

position to advance the education and the charities of the community

by his gifts, by his sympathies, by his suggestions, and by his influence.”

Îr. Newcomer’s natural sympathy for those who were afflictedj

was made stronger in the case of the blind by the fact that he had a

brother and a sister without sight, and he"gave hearty encouragement

to iUr. David Loughery, a blind man, who proposed that a school for

the blind be established in Baltimore. Together they worked to

arouse popular interest and, as a result of their elTorts, the General

Assembly incorporated the Maryland School for the Blind in 1853.|

Mr. Newcomerwassccretary of the Board at its organization, became its -

treasurer in 1864, and its president jn 1881. He continued in the

latter position, until his death, when he had bi'en a member of the

Board for forty-eight years. In 189 U he gave .820,000 towards the I

erection of an additional iHiilding for the school and he was alwaysj

keenly interested in its welfare. He was a generous man, wlio dis- i

criminated closely in his charity and regarded his wealtli as a most *

important trust, which it was his duty to administer as wisely as

possible. To the Hospital for Con.'ûmptives he gave $20,000 and to

aai/ow.iz v.wny^^.m,5!TS

-rnoo £>ii) lo indb'ewj im'i'mitc rr •tomoîirfiy. Ml nt

^’loqml oa 9nir.c>9d stfeu;d oîU .noslafîibM Tyhaif ^bftft

i)4J ot bfj'âjjjrio fcuw lo omnn Mi ,07of. m ,iadl Smi

.

>1 ea^/ lo xBiu|moO temT bna »ls8

)oa btij $H .8’Sh^0'{ lol yijacfinba M-i ^

j

exi^ -lol oa hfrrioooi tm: it>ola 9dl oi .rtiyif>^ 0 j: ,» blod

I -mooi v/olbl aid fifriob Bid roilA aid lo

i ki hwbi<i9%^ aa mw tf'* ..îsdt hina aioioeniCC lo b'moil s>dJ lo bvmJ

Vxim^ c..'t xd bcîam’vqfjij j?.am ga7/ od Md; ;{i?Af|0t07 Mt ^

j‘ bmrliiT*>a0 10 J^nq ()>^r{pj.n ji^.om odi lo biow aidt at y-foisid gti

! o/,i nooi i/oom :sifir jaoxft odi ?.' r^nibne )>s -- )l bojs dt/.' O'fg s.tl ; olil yeod

'>^h •? b.'tfi bnc yth'ira^ni gfd ol îioitaîilatn^bn^ imvbai?/ «k!

" jy\/iD aid ol l.sibdao'J y*r?^v^» b^yL'iîig 0f{ doid'7 ddy {Tlayof

“Uxr r.T) l,a*n^)a sd ,rddi?iSO(i aa'i^lp.a iiotinotoo'iib l)et)io‘rfl »d d^JifodllA

• -ynn dii'/J' b^noxixiO'} f,j»f o) »miin bid bojrolU ^’rrOa bid ^sb’iiiod aiioisfii

•iscmôq doii.r^cioi^-/’, ..nobmiid «idO‘/i^ Ion l),bo::» od doidv/ ot f,ni/li

1^’*

V yir’otj x^ 1q dxfiiO aamvafi axl-j ni qidj5ioi'j'>iib a

t :^d iioiliao<( loiifj 'do iii euddqoH bridot odi I'O qida

]fifiJf ni 89ijeioosaa biH .diadi) eiti lllnu ,S; InqA jTiO'it b$’>rt!W

j

as brjo’odmw^n od lliw 9ii^‘ S^srlt Mhd ulodi bwom m iuq bnsou

1 -sHi 9id bdwoda bae Bfxjil Mi hmôt oti'w .Bâktjd ofboio\rob atm a

Iyjiot/fffiTxoo i>dt )o aîtnaxb ©xft brra a0iJa’nii>9 ©dJ 9oa.nvba oi noi traoq

IA* .B5a0fifimald yd b^rr ,.BAoil8?»g^0Baul ydr^îdtagayva»M ydâtliâid yd

I balidfflii Oflv? vaodi io1 /^JaiuJirn « ,iM‘

j

a bMM bidl io&l Ofii yd bmid ©dt lo 9.^00 od-l ni 'fosiooile; obara

' in *:!.• rr^ymiOoiiB 7jh.irjcf iyodiivx a.;IS)xuJ. iBxiJrtnd

Tol foodoa ii iôwquiq od*r^ .:iaii\ i>mld nV-n^dîiiJOvl biyiiCl ,iU oi

j

o1 bQ:^h.v/r vMt lodioôT .9b)nii.tlfdf. ni bofi*itldf.tao M hnild odj

! i.r’ >xi©0 ©dl /- Hcdi '5 ifodt In dnsi-'" aa ,hxin âfviyjni icii/qoq osuoio

I ir; UnulU (id) vd lc^?fhB bocf'^nal/. Bxfj bOvtiViOipooni vIdmoaeA

a-Ai ^MtT/:oi>o jtrriiGxinnyioaJrjrdyiiioEod^loy^rJ acv/iBnioow^X .iM

: 7i{) ni I,ojr.;tnoo oli .Id^t ni^ J/tobisoiq B)i bm: ni inuaxjO'it

1 ©rit JO •kM.lniom fi no©d bed od noth/ ,dimh nin liimj jioiti^ôq

j

tult blmruoj (X)%0Vy^ fy/Si'î od td .a'’«oy HcoH

i «y;iv/li: eav/ od biiirix>od*j« odi ool ûil)lind b’.noib'bba n& lo nojb>©'iB

' Mf Oihi,

rtr:rn aooionBji r. afiv/ sH .fmrdow ati ni ybrn’i

j30 ffT 0 8i> diUiO'ff aid bun viriAdo f id ai ylo«or) b94i:nimno

an yloar// ?n noi'/immhn 04 yJiib «iri an .7 ii .biilv/ ,4ainJ Innhvxq-fif

hi hnn fK)0,QS;| oil &o /i)qr£manoO lol IcjiqaoH o-M oT .9fdf*'aoq

BENJAMIN FRANIfJLIN NEWCOMER 273

the Washington County Home for Orpliars and Friendless Children

lie gave S10,000; but his greatest gift was one of 550,000 to build a

library in Hagerstown for the benefit of all portions of his native

county, which library, with characteristic modesty, he insisted

should not be named after him. It was incorporated as the Washing-

ton County Free Library in 1900, and has been rendering a most

useful service to the people of the county since its opening in 1901.

Mr. Newcomer w^as an earnest Christian, and was a member of the

Christian or Campbellite Church, though he usually attended the

Lutheran church, of w’hich his fiist wife w^as a member. In politics

he was a Democrat.

Mr. Newcomer possessed a vigorous constitution, and his regular

and temperate manner of life kept him free from illness and enabled

him to accomplish a great amount of w'ork. Toward the close of his

life his eyesight failed him in great measure, but his general health

continued good until l\Iarch 29, 1901, when he was suddenly stricken

with paralysis. He died the following day in his seventy-fourth year.

-':^'''

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.. '.y] .0'!;] _0l' ;:•:!«'/ iM’nn 1*00;^

WALDO NEWCOMER

Newcomer, WALDO, was bom in Baltimore, September14, 1867, the son of Benjamin Franklin and Amelia Louisa(Ehlen) Newcomer. His father, who was long among the

foremost citizens of Baltimore, commenced his business life as a flour

and grain commission merchant. He afterwards became president

of the Safe Deposit and Trust Company, and a railroad financier of

great ability. His courage and determination did much to build upthe commerce of Baltimore and to add to her transportation facilities.

His son has paid a deserved tribute to the father to whom he owes so

much, in a memorial volume.

The Newcomers trace their ancestry in the United States to

Henry Newcomer (Heinrich Neukommer) who emigrated from Switz-

erland about 1724 and settled in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania;

John H. Ehlen and his wife, the maternal grandparents of WaldoNewcomer, came from Hesse Darmstadt in the early part of the nine-

teenth century.

Waldo Newcomer was a delicate child, but his health improved

steadily after his fifteenth year. He devoted much of his time during

youth to reading and study at his home, where the influence on him

of both his parents was strong and most helpful. The summermonths were spent in the country, but during the winter he lived

in the city. He received his primary schooling at the Friend’s Acad-

emy and at Carey’s School. Later he went to St. Paul’s Preparatory

school at Concord, New Hampshire; and after completing his studies

there, he matriculated at Johns Hopkins University. At Johns

Hopkins Mr. Newcomer pursued the academic course holding a com-

petitive scholarship for two years and r^eived his Bachelor’s degree

in 1889. He chose, however, to follow- a business career, and in

September, 1889, he entered the employ of the Baltimore Storage and

Lighterage Company as a clerk in the office.

This company subsequently became the Atlantic Transport

Company; but the connection formed by Mr. Newcomer with it in

1889 continued unbroken until 1901. In 1894 he was appointed

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bau ili'iOrnDkn' ad)lo ^d) baioina ad .ladmsJqoS

: ;rO'iiUo odi ni dialo n ejb '{G^qmoO ajjuiaidaiJi

iioq^neiT olintliA ad; omroad ylinaupaEdna ^dTfii j'r diiw lamoowaK .iK vd bomiol noiiaannoa odi )u(j ;x^^^q^‘no3

bakiiijxjqs'%^7/ od )'^8I /J .f()GX l;)m/ nadcndnu bau/iiinoa 9881

WALDO NEWCOMER 277

secretary of the corporation, a position which he filled until 1901. In

that year Mr. Newcomer accepted the treasurership of the Atlantic

Coast Line Company; and in 1903 he was elected second vice-presi-

dent of that company. In 1906 he entered the list of Baltimore

bankers, being chosen president of the National Exchange Bank of

Baltimore. He is also a director of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad,

the Safe Deposit and Trust Company, the Savings Bank of Baltimore,

the Terminal Warehouse Company and the Board of Trade. In

charitable work and enterprises for the public good Mr. Newcomeris closely identified vdth the Federated Charities, and is treasurer

of the Maryland School for the Blind, and of the ^lercantile Library.

On the 7th of October, 1S97, Mr. Newcomer married Miss Mar-

garet Yanderpoel, of Kinderhook, New' York. They have had three

children. He printed privately, in 1902, a memorial of his father,

Benjamin Franklin New'comer.

Mr. Newcomer is a member of the Beta Theta Pi Fraternity, of

the Baltimore Geographical Society, the x\merican Archaeological

Society, and the Maryland, Maryland Country, Baltimore Country,

Merchants, Baltimore Yacht, Elk Ridge Fox Hunting, Baltimore

Athletic, and Johns Hopkins Clubs.

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{isdiii^ sul \o Uhomom /; .SOOl iii botqhq oH .noiblirio

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OioiKiilatf ,§nilmiH xoU o^blH dlH ^jdo<5Y âlnadoioM

.adtxfO &fii>iqo.H mdol bm ôUMÂ

GEORGE BENJAMIN OSWALD

OSWALD, GEORGE BENJAMIN, clerk of court, was born

near Smithsburg, Washington county, Maryland, Decem-ber 24, 1S42. lie is the son of David and Susan (Beard)

Oswald. His father was a farmer, and, from ISGO to 1861, was a

tax collector for Washington county. Barnet Oswald, an ancestor,

native of Wiirtemberg, Germany, came to 2^Iassachusetts between

1740 and 1750, and lived there for a short time, removing thence to

Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

George Benjamin Oswald spent his youth in the country, with

the influence of his mother’s character for good an important factor

in his life. His education was obtained in the subscription and

common schools at Smithsburg, under the instruction of the late

George Pearson. In 1860, he left school, and became deputy tax

collector to his father, and in 1863 he entered the clerk’s office under

the late Isaac Nesbitt, and served as chief clerk until 1870. He then

accepted a clerkship in the Hagerstown Bank, where he was employed

until 1873, when he was elected clerk of the Circuit Court for Wash-

ington county, and has for five consecutive terms been reelected to

the same office.

The paths he has followed in choosing a life work have been

taken through personal preference on his part. 5Ir. Oswald is presi-j

dent of the Mechanics Loan and Savings Institution; treasurer of the i

Mutual Insurance Company; and a director in the following com-j

panies: the Washington County Water Company; the Rose Hillj

Cemetery Company; the West End Improvement Company; and the i

First Hose Company of Hagerstown. He is a member of the Masonic ‘

Lodge; the Odd Fellows; the Knights of Pythias; the Rotl Men. and|

the Eilks. He has been the recording secretary of the lnde[^endcnti

Order of Odd Fellows for thirty-six years, and is a Past Master in|

Masonry. In politics, Mr. Oswald is a Democrat, and in religious!

faith he affiliates with the Lutheran church.

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JAMES ALFRED PEARCE, Sr.

PEARCE, JAMES ALFRED, Sr., was born December 14, 1805,

at the residence of his maternal grandfather, Doctor Elisha

Cullen Dick, in Alexandria, Virginia. He was the son of

Gideon Pearce and Julia (Dick) Pearce, his wife, of Kent county,

Maryland, and the grandson of James Pearce, who was the son of

another Gideon Pearce, who mairied Beatrice Codd, daughter of

Colonel Steger Codd, of Kent county, Maryland. The last namedGideon Pearce was a son of William Pearce who w^as the presiding

judge of Kent county court in 1714 and 1715.

The mother of James Alfred Pearce died when he was very young,

and his early education was received in A.lexandria under the direction

of his grandfather, w'ho was a man of marked ability and distinction,

and an intimate friend of General Washington. He entered Princeton

College at the age of fourteen and w'as graduated in 1822 before he

had completed his seventeenth year, dividing the first honor of his

class wnth Hugo Menno of Pennsylvania and Edward D. Mansfield

of Ohio, both of whom w^ere then men of mature years and w’ere dis-

tinguished in after life. Among his classmates were George R. Rich-

ardson, attorney general of ^laryland, one of the brightest orna-

ments of the Maryland bar in his day, and Albert B. Dod of New’

Jersey, afterw’ards a brilliant rhetorician and lecturer at Princeton

College. After leaving college Mr. Pearce studied law in Baltimore

W’ith Judge John Glenn, and was admitted to the bar in 1824. Hecommenced the practice of his profe.ssion in Cambridge, Maryland,

where he remained about a year, when he w’ent to Louisiana and

engaged in sugar planting on the Red river w’ithjiis father. Heremained there about three years and then removed to Kent county.

Maryland, where the remainder of his life was passed. I’pon his

return to Maryland he resumed the practice of law, at the same time

carrying on his farm on w’hich he resided. He was not, however,

permitted © devote himself to his profession as he preferred, being

early called into public life. In 1831 he was sent to the Legislature

of Maryland, and in 1835 was elected a member of the IIou.se of Uepre-

.ii:8 a^MAIM vjdtmâ fftod-sitw ,.h8 ,ari/riJA s^mki ,aoiiA3

erisif^ 7aj'K)CI l/jnwl/iiTi nki ‘io ^^-ki^^biErn orf* )n1.) .-.r. tiift a^v.' t*H ./iixiiji'ir/ nl rAnil noIli/D

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ni v/jbI boibora 99ij?9‘^ MC a^gsfloD i^nr/jôl loj'iA .aâffoDoH ni lad orfi o) bo))ifni)c Ixiio ,nn9iO ndoL a^bi/L dJiv/

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oH .-lodbi) aid^dJiv/ lavh baH axi) no gnrmxiiq ixi^ûa ni b9so;!;79

.Xtnno'j .tno>I oj j^/omoT nodX him aiir/ aoidt Suodr. oiodi bonbjfnaiR^d noqU boafiisq axjvr oiii ai/i )o lobfiuimo'i odrevydn ,bncbnr>]4sonT omxia odi ,v%'x;I lo oaijDotq adl barnx/aai od bnxil-fio]^ mi/jai^lavav/od tion axiv/ oH .babiftSî 9x1 daiit // no rain) aixf xio î.r^njBO^niod .banabiq od ea noi£«o)o':q six! ol lio'mid ojovob ot bsiXinnaq

od; or jnaa 8fiv/ od Ibgi xjJ, .^bl Dildoq oini bodno)o ohhoU $d1 )o lodrqom x: b9b>Gia ?f;v/ cr.8i ni bnii ,bnab{ij;r/: Jo

282 JAMES ALFRED PEARCE, SR.

sentatives in Congress, and with the exception of a single term, whenhe was defeated in 1839, by a small majority, by Honorable Philip

Frank Thomas, he was reelected from time to time until 1843. In

1843 he was elected to the United States Senate whete he served fromMarch 4 of that year until his death on December 20, 1862, being

continued through four successive elections. During this long period

of public service, the Library of Congress, the Botanical Gardens,

the Smithsonian Institute, and the Coast Survey Department were

favorite objects of his fostering care and received constant and valu-

able attention from him, while he discharged with distinguished ability

all the duties of a legislator. He was offered a seat on the bench of

the United States District Court for the District of Maryland byPresident Fillmore, and during the same admunistration was nomi-

nated and confirmed as Secretary of the Interior, both of which posi-

tions he declined, preferring to remain in the senate where he believed

he could be more useful to his state and to the country. He main-

tained a lively interest in the advancement of his town and county.

On March 17, 1832, he was elected a member of the board of visitors

and governors of Washington College at his home in Chestertown.

Up to the time of his death he gave his time and thought freely to the

welfare of that venerable institution, and for a number of years hllcd

the position of lecturer upon law to the students. On April 1, 1850,

he was elected a member of the vestry of Emmanuel Church, Chester

Parish, Chestertown, and served in that capacity until his death.

In politics he was a Whig, but when that party was practically

dissolved in 5Iaryland in 1S5G he became a supporter of the National

Democratic party, and advocated the election of President Buchanan.

When the War between the States came on in 1861 he stood for the

preservation of the Union, but boldly denounced the arbitrary and

unconstitutional treatment of the citizens and state of Maryland by

the Federal government.

He married, in 1830, Martha G. Laird, of Cambridge, Mary-

land, who died on March 8, 1845, leaving the followingnamed children:

Catherine Julia Pearce, Charlotte Augusta Lennox Pearce and

James Alfred Pearce. He married again, March 22, 1847, Matilda

C. Ringgold, daughter of James Ringgold of Chesteriown, who with

one daughter, Mary E. Pearce, and his other children, all survived him.

He was a man of culture, and of enlarged and conservative

views. He was not a politician in the usual acceptation of the worth

.5ie aSH'^vlA 8SMAI S82

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abliXaM Jfâx ,11!: iit)iu!4 ,nb:>ji: bomcm oH ,aoi4iOâlllo idd bau Y**^*!^* •‘X5)Xxjîxul>9AO

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»bio'// 9(b to msdiujqovoft Ib.osu orfj xxi xrubitiioq a xon mw »H .b yoxv.e'YOxv

JAMES ALFRED PEaRCE, SR. 283

though he was one of the most successful public men of his period.

Honors and office waited upon him. His success was due to his own

merit, his unsullied integrity and capacity for public aifairs, and to the

appreciation by his fellow* citizens of his eminent qualities of mind and

heart. His death was regarded by men of all parties as a loss to the

country. He was considered one of the wisest and safest statesmen

in the Senate of the United States; raid he had been often named as a

possible candidate for the presidency.

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JAMES ALFRED PEARCE

PEARCE, JAMES ALFRED, lawyer and judge, was born at

Chestertown, Kent county, Md.,April 2, 1840, the son of James

Alfred and Martha J. (Laird) Pearce. His father was an

eminent lawyer, a member of the Maryland legislature, twice elected

to the Federal house of representatives, and a United States senator

for twenty years, during most of which time he was chairman of the

Committee of the Library of Congress. Mrs. Pearce died when her

son was five years of age. The family is descended from William

Pearce, who came from England to the Eastern Shore about 1660,

settling in the upper part of Kent county, which was given to Cecil

in 1674 and returned to Kent in 1706. He was high sheriff of Cecil

county, and his son, who bore the same name, was Presiding Judge

of Kent county in 1714.

James Alfred Pearce grew up in his native town. Until he was

fourteen years of age, he studied at home and then entered the prepar-

atory department of Washington college at Chestertown, continuing

in that institution for three years, when he 'was admitted to the

College of Xew Jersey at Princeton, where he received the bachelor’s

degree in arts in 1860 and the master’s degree in 1863^ St. John’s

college, Annapolis, conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws

in 1904.,

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After graduation, he taught for a time in Washington college

and studied law in Chestertown, and with Brown 6c Brune in Balti-

more, choosing the legal profession by his own preference and with

his father’s approval. He was admitted to the bar in 1864. His

early connection with Washington college has continued to the

present day. He was secretary of the Board of Trustees for thirty-

three years, from 1864 to 1897, and has been president of the Board

since 1903,

On November 1, 1866, he was married to Eunice Rasin of St.

Louis, Missouri. They have no children.

Next to the influence of home upon his young life Judge Pearce

ranks as the most potent forces, association with llcverend Andrew

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.noiblido on ovad vodT .hadaaiU. ,8inoJ-,V

yyir.oH olil ^r'uoy aid lioqii o/iiod lo oomiiDni odi oj Jxo/L

WynLaA bnoi^ voli djt7/-*^noili:i'>08R4 imjoq 4H>fn 'nil ?a sdnai

JAMES ALFRED PEARCE 285

J. Sutton, principal of Washington college, one of his early instructors,

[the early companionship of men of character, and private study.

\ From 1867 to 1874, he served Kent county as its state’s attorney;

jfor ten years he was a member of the board of School Commissioners

Ifor the county, and, for the same length of time, he was a commis-

Isioner of Chestertown. In 1897, he was elected, as the nominee of

i

the Democratic party, chief judge of the Second Judicial Circuit,

and as such an associate judge of the State Court of Appeals, for a

I*

fifteen years’ term, and has filled these offices to the present time.

I

His political creed as a Democrat has always been fixed and positive.

He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, and has been

chancellor of the Diocese of Easton since 1SS3. His favorite exer-

cises are walking and driving.

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WILLIAM F. PORTER

PORTER, WILI.IAM E., lavvver, was born at Piedmont, Hamp-

shire county, Virginia, now Mineral county. West Virginia,

December 26, 1852. He is the son of William E. and Sarah

(Paxson) Porter. His father was the general assistant road master

of the Baltimore and Ohio P.ailroad, a man of great energy and direct-

ness of purpose. The family trace their ancestry to James Porter,

who came to Cecil county from Ireland in 1720. An ancestor,

Major Andrews Porter, fought in the Revolutionary war.

As a boy, young Porter lived in a village, receiving his earliest

education at Glen academy. He then went to the University of

West Virginia, and later to Washington and Lee university. His

parents were desirous that their son should follow the profession of

lawy and for this reason he entered the University of ^laryland, where

he graduated in 1873, while a minor. Mr. Porter feels that the influ-

ence of home surroundings, and that of contact with men of power

have been the most potent factors in his life.

He began active work practicing law in Baltimore, in 1874.

He has been president of the Maryland Veneer and Basket Company;

treasurer of the Gas Appliance Company, and director and general

counsel of the Tolchester Steamboat Company. In 1899, ^Ir. Porter

was made supervisor of elections, which position he held for lour

years. He has also been chairman of the Executive Committee of

the Democratic State Central Committee for Baltimore city, and

secretary and treasurer for the Baltimore city Committee. In 1895.

on the sixteenth of January, he was married to Mary Eugenia Fitz-

simmons.

Mr. Porter is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the Epis-

copal church. He sa}’'s: “In early life, I was fond of running and

rowing. Years and increasing weight have taken from me all

ability for games, other than golf, which I find both enjoyable and

helpful.” Mr. Porter suggests this thought to the young man start-

ing out in life: “Good princi[)les, methods, and habits, coupled with

an energy that never slackens, will attain success in life, and a suc-

cessful life unselfishly lived will approximate true succe.ss.”

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,iô^| 0d lafld .sîoqjuq ToW«iiA .Oi*tl fli bnj&lQfil ^moiV%ni/oy^ y ot dxfljBD odwW ,i«w "miJcnJiflovsH oBd ni irigaol .irtiioH. n^rtnbak noiiiKr

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ELIJAH BARRETT PRETTYMAN

PRETTYMAN, ELIJAH BARRETT, educator, was born at

Williamsport, Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, on Febru-

ary 20, 1830, son of Rev. William and Ebza Barrett Pretty-

man. His father was a preacher of the Baltimore Conference of the

i\Iethodist Episcopal Church, a man of notable purity, indepenclence

and benevolence. As he moved every two years, under the rules

of the church at that time, his children were born in Pennsylvania,

Maryland and Virginia. When his son was seven years old, he re-

turned to Maryland, which state from that time was his home. Thefamily is descended from John Pretiman, who came from England to

St. Mary’s county and wurs a member of the Maryland Assembly in

1641-42. The family afterwards removed to Sussex county, Dela-

ware. It claims kinship with the English family of that name,

(which has been seated at Orwell Hall, Ipswich, England since the

thirteenth century) and of which family George Prettyrnan, tutor

of William Pitt and afterwards Bishop of Lincoln, was a member.

Mrs. Prettyman's influence was strong for good on every phase of

the life of her son.

Elijah B. Prett}'man spent a healthy boyhood, fond of play and

of study, enjoying fishing and rambling among hills and mountains.

He fitted for college at the Light Street Classical School in Baltimore

and at the Cumberland Academy and then entered Dickinson College

where he was graduated with the degree of A.B., in 1848. He has

since received from his alma mater the honorary degrees of A.M., in

1854, and LL.D., in 1894. His training and a “ moderate ambition”

led him to strive for success in life and circumstances led him to begin

work, in September, 1849, as teacher of a public school mi West River,

in Anne Arundel county. He taught there for two years, and then

spent two years at Rockville, as a student of law in the olhce of Judge

Richard J. Bowie, but never entered on the practice of the profession.

He planned to go to California to become a lawyer there; but shortly

before he expected to start for the West, he learned of the tlcath of

his eldest brother, William, who had settled as a merchant in Sacra-

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Wwft€ 4i3cda[f.i>nn m^linWVy^H X?a

9^ )o ôits?T9tnoO J5^ ‘mi fnl, &iH .niim

»o«9b«^9fcni^& asim jjîboilHlC

fs^^' R9iWt 9d09D|i.i/ ".oomfo7‘>n9d''hnB

ai modâtow doii/dD odi \o

dd«|i)fo,m;i9Y 4I9V& 9W no«

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oibmtia^ m(rti^^^' fei.ylimirt

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.X9eib3''’”di "bsvôojl^ vlimi^âdT'

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-inaflS ni^HiulaTam^^Â an bidlioa fKad.odw (mnilHV/ ,ôdloid Xaablo ahf^

"

292 ELIJAH BARRETT PRETTYMAN

mento in 1849 and had urged the younger brother to join him, prom-

ising to support him until he could take care of himself. With the

news of his brother’s untimely death, Mr. Prettyman decided to

resume teaching. His favorite lines of reading have ever been his-

tory, philosophy and pedagogy. In 1852, he became principal of

Brookeville Academy in Montgomery county and held that position

for eleven years. During this time he married Lydia Forrest Johns-

ton on June 6, 1855. They have had six children, all of whom are

living. The influence of home has always been the strongest one with

him, that of the school scarcely less strong and he feels that he was

most fortunate in his early companions. He has been a consistent

member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and is a Mason,

having served as master of a lodge. He is also a member of the Mary-

land Historical Society, the Maryland Academy of Sciences, etc.

His favorite recreation is fishing for black bass and trout. He pre-

fers the Swedish system of physical culture.

Mr. Prettyman is a Democrat, though on the Know Nothing

and other important issues, he has voted for the candidates of other

parties. On the Democratic ticket, he was elected clerk of the Mont-

gomery County court in 1863, and by successive reelections he was

continued in this position for twenty-two years. In 1885 he declined

a renomination. In 1886, he was chief clerk of the House of Dele-

gates, and for the succeeding four years, he was deputy naval officer

of the Port of Baltimore. In 1890, he was appointed principal of

the State Normal School at Baltimore and state superintendent of

Pubhc Instruction. His duties were divided in 1900 and the super-

intendency taken from them, but he continues his principalship to

the present time. In 1896, the state administration passed into the

hands of the Republican party, but this change had no etlcct upon Mr.

Prettyman’s position, inasmuch as the State Board of Education

recognized the non-partisan character of the position and the fact

that Dr. Prettyman was efficiently filling the place. Kind, courteous,

considerate, and deeply interested in idl good works, Dr. Prettyman

has the affection not only of his students but also of all who know him.

ngfiiiAG HAiua SGS:

-rrioiq .niixl inoi oi isilio'id lojj/tMox t»dj bogiu bi:A bnii G^8f m oinj^tn

rvi? diNI lo oiito o:44vt jbluoo f>d Ib/Hj ami Hoqquy. oJ

bobioob .Wi e'-iori^md îfl lo uwdn

~ flodcl jevo ovijd ^nimoi k> ^nil o.thoviîl e'.ili smuesn

Tci ^kqb'Thq ill baji ’{^.ikioi.eiuki.

noiir?X)q blorl bxi4i vaiobf.oA'ôlii^^jiooiS

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uioi'r.iBrro'y is daad 8/ifi aH nnouip^qmoa iEoiti

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eii'vV 9d artoDosfoai evb23o»oa yd bn« ni )ii/oa ytnooO

h^nibab sd 1^881 nl .©iBay ov/j-ytfisv/) loi noLliaoq aid) m booaUnoa

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10 ynoboaInhOqi)?. stA)8jb/ta xyiomilbH )a loodaB f -rmol^ od)

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.mid vyoxid oxlvf lb lo oaU )<jd ftjnofanla aid Ip yfao )cn noiôeim ori) esxi

CLAYTON PURNELL

PURNELL, CLAYTON, lawyer, vvas born at Gennesar, the

family home, on Sinepnxent Bay, near Berlin, in Worcester

county, Maryland, October 12, 1S57. Ten years later, his

parents removed to their farm on the shores of the Chesapeake, in

1 Dorchester county, where, with the exception of a year spent in

I Baltimore, he continued to reside until 1882, 'when he left the Eastern

IShore for Frostburg, in Allegany County, his present home.

His father, William Thomas Purnell, also a lawyer, -^-as seventh

in line of descent from Thomas Purnell of Berkley, Northampton-shire, England, the founder of the Maryland branch of the family,

who, sailing August 21, 1635, landed in Northampton county, Vir-

ginia, -where he married Elizabeth Dorman, and shortly afterward

became one of the first settlers in that part of the Eastern Shore of

,Maryland embraced within the present limits of Worcester county, his

: title papers for the Fairfield Farm, on Assateague Sound, bearing

date of November 3, 1677. Here he died in 1695. The parents of

William Thomas Purnell, having died during his early childhood, he

lived -\^dth relatives at Newport Farm, and completed his academic

education at the Buckingham Academy at Berlin. He later entered

the family of his sister; the wife of Governor Polk of Dela-^vare, -who

commissioned him as a colonel on his staff. While resident in that

^ State, he became a student of law under the distinguished jurist and

!statesman, John ^liddleton Clayton, of Delaware. Shortly after his

admission to the bar, in both Dela-ware and Maryland, he settled in

Mississippi, wdiere he spent the whole of his active professional life,

(‘xcept a year or two passed in Brazil, while in the diplomatic service

I

of the United States. Owing to impaired health, in 1855 he returned

to the family estate on the Eastern Shore, and served several terms

in the Maryland senate and house of delegates, and was a memberof the Constitutional Convention of 1864. A man of high character

iind strong intellect, he was faithful to every trust whether in private

or public life. Though always modest in the expression of his opin-

ions, he was unfaltering in his adherence to his settled convictions.

V' - J- jj3>iû*5 MOTYAJa,rjAe0nr[aO ahoJ bbvq ,7ov/7jiI J^ÔTYAJO

fll ,ruhÊ-if;m

md nA^Y ni]»T ,To^î >,24 icKjojaQ ,ba«hiaU

fii 9d4 }o ewrf^ sdt no uji/il ibdJ o) fôvomoi ejnoija

sxi SmqB B Id noliqi*oxo d4iv/ isjgadîo^

ntoJe^^rrl Jbl 9x1 noHw /JSSl iiliiu obiw oi bîrnilnoD ad .aioxiiijfxii

•oxnod Jmao’iq idti, i)m/<0 Ynxjj^fdlA oi Tsiudiaoil lol aioil

xijiioYQs axi/; ^ o&!b ^Jh:nvî tûm-dT hibUUV/ jsdifil eill

’

,-n^jqxnxxdiioPl ^viaodT zn ai Jao')r.9b 9dii t

,.Vî. ^ ,Ybxncl arli !o xlnnxnd 94-i^lo i-o&ua,fo1 ,bnaJgn3 ,9iiti

^

-liV ,'^4 jwoo xioiqmiixiiiovl ni ,,12 JpwguA ^snilixsa ,od

buiwioalxj hshtiim 9x1 îsdw ,«xxii

• 9dt lo teq xii «'i9liif3S 'Mil lo ono amaon

eid ,y^xMja^ lajaoo'xoY/qo admil 4n9fej9*iq 9x1 j xiiii jr/x bôxtidxns bnalîfil

giihaod .iini/oB dO;gii9îsa?.A no ,xma"I adi lol ai^qxjq olJ

, * ,y, iq alnoiAq fxdT ,li!dl nx h‘jib »rf tn>H .T1^dl ,b ledinavo'^ lo 9lx3

r - 9il .boodbJxrio vhx33 sxd i>9ib jznivAxI Ji^xnx;! ExnnorlT xnxjifli^^

,>. .

, y ^ oil aobaofi aixf bnî ,ftn£'i tjoq j*b wiinhr xibw bsY

boiojno eH .nihdS Jja xrri9i.»£0/v xTTiîrlatjbjuH axfj Ixx noilaoi/t

,wwxibii ip >llo'‘itofn97o0 lo s^liw X)d sul lo ylinixsl or

jfri iv-sbizon' olidV/ .Hxiia »jd no' hsioluQ- a at: xnixi bonoiaeimoKJ

bxii. liehix^ b9x<?:in:«nivtaib edi i^brn; v/cl io Jrrabnle ^ oxnaosd Qii,9lx!)

aid 79jlu yUioxi^ .mxxwjabCliJo ,(ipJxxii.) xiolalbblJl xtdoL .aumtsUil

ai 9fi ^bnnly^xjU boa sicv/jsloG ilbxi n: înd odj 01 xioiseiflib

,9lif Iiixioiâ^lxnq ivlioB aid lo sloxlv/ on) inaqg arf sigdx^ ,iq(]ia8ia8il

- .;!» c> dv7o? oiXfixnoIqlb oil j ni olid vx nib&a=iXiq cv;l lo ixjoy £ iqdo/

bomiJlDi oxi bo81 m .dd/ioxl Laiixiqxui ol ârv/Q ô)£l8 bolirtU oxfl 1

sxmo) Ixi'ievoa bsvioa bnxs /ooxi8 xnaJajBH oiM no olxiia*) vjixnxil odi c

7odxxi9xxx 43 8.fivr bna ,BoJfi;4obi> lo oauoxl bxia oljinâ bxxalviaK oxil x

lolomxnlo d;^/d to naxn A Jddf lo xfoilnovaoD liinoili/iiianoD odl 1

olxsvhq fli loxii'^d // lauiJ {lava ol Inldliil aav/ sd 4l09lIoJn/ snoil* i>xJ

-niqo aid lo xioiaasitr/o ofil ai laobom eyav/Jzi xlûoxlT .slii oildnq i

.BuoiJioiYxiOfj hsiljy?. pifl oi yîvn^dlc aid ai âhodidau zjtw od ,an«

294 CLAYTON PURNELL

Sincere in thought and purpose, his gentle courtesy easily wonfriends and firmly held them through life. He died December IG.

1873 .

While residing in Mississippi, he married Henrietta Spence, the

mother of Clayton Purnell. She was the second daughter of Doctor

John Selby Spence and Maria Purnell of Worcester county, and a

niece of Judge Asa Spence of the Maryland Court of Appeals. Doctor

Spence represented the first congressional district of Maryland in

the eighteenth, twenty-fourth and twenty-sixth Congresses, and

was United States Senator from 1836 until his death in 1843. Ilis

family was of Scottish origin, his ancestors having settled in Wor-

cester county early in the eighteenth century.

Mrs. Purnell, a lady of broad culture and varied accomplish-

ments, took complete charge of her son’s early education, and though

in later years special subjects were pursued under excellent private

instructors, she never ceased to exercise a watchful care over all his

studies and pursuits. A near relative. Judge Thomas A. Spence, of

the first judicial circuit, a graduate of Yale, ripe in scholarship and

eminent as a lawyer, aided him materially in the years immediately

following the death of his father, by directing his course of readimr

leading up to the law. The loss of his father, however, made it the

son’s first duty to provide for a mother, sister and invalid brother,

left without resources. At the age of seventeen, therefore, he begaii

to teach a public school in Dorchester county, thus keeping together

and supporting the family while he lived at home and continued his

studies at night and during vacations. His mother died November

6, 1893, at the home of her son in Frostburg.

Of his mother, Mr. Purnell writes: ‘'Her character was certainly

the controlling influence in my early life and. more than any other,

the dominating force in shaping my later career. Her influence to

the end of her life was always strong and always for my good.*’

Always a strong, healthy count rv boy, loving life in the fields,

in the woods and on the water, he ranged at will, having no regular

tasks except his lessons, which he was not permitted to neglect, no

matter how great the temptation. With a good library at home, his

earlier reading took a pretty wide range. It was confined for the

most part, however, to works of recognized value in almost every

field, until he began to specialize somewhat in preparation for tlu'

study of law. He writes: “Until I was fifteen, 1 just grew, doing

1!

jjavilftn \oTtAdO

.,y^MiSk

.

A0-/7 ,o8oqiuq bflifl /j/fgworf> T/ti oidoniS?

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M^'' >gt8I

^ bil; ,^^(i!5qSja3^?)h£?9H îqqleBii^l^ fd

ioi cK)CI ô T^f(§0Bb bflO!>oaiddi saw $4<3^ JHomul aoJÎO. !o idfijtpm

“ a bm ^vJnuoo tf^JaMo7f h Ihsnu^ uhfiU ban eoaoqS i<J 198 ailol^

?

' '* laJôCI .slaeqqAlo traoD bn/jItîiMoii^ lo9?)a9q8

m buiilxê!^ I0 ^9h;>2lb

I ImU) ^B92a«isnoO ,4*^xi«*^^la9VAl b|i& «#rmvt4

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I -toV/ /li.faslJJea j^nivad 8i<xJ2d9xxc Birf a«’ir

"Vv;wsto99

jfia$sid^h odt m

•fUUqmo^tj^ binav bn^ oiiJil«» 'bi«^

%eM ai

1

fbiviiq aii(>Ilo!>x9 i^bm $rmw khfkm• r II

’

I \lr X ly , -A. ^ . ,' "'•‘'^yur%jrt liii ioyo 91^9 Jaw;b8i7? JB aeratsxa qifbo»«99^^

lo ,ooa9Cf3^,-;A'- mmoiiT o^tol jBv'Mm ziMumuq. bna'

t>nis qWaialodtta ni oqii a^f^wbais a ^Skuîio fiibxbu| IsnB erfi^

vlaiaibaxtimtaiadTj adi ni >;l(arr^0! ijnâima W#^Snil>u9i lo‘ a€rmoa eid h^di^h op âiwoHol

pOdy Ji obam ;i9vdWqfi qu ;gaiba6l

,T?x{iotd bdîrl oF'x^t'b V^

?.«{ bor;nhno5 bna^diHod ia^ bsylT ibd.dltrf^, vKmalv^rf^’s^

iodmjYbH heib 'l^tob bda'’yd^fl

# 4H3jWdiat>i^ Ai Ao«' taldfe axiiU ^WSI ,9'^'’

*ÎniatX99 saw tsioaraflo laH'* :89i>hwÎi9m0%;tM\ii54/oOT sid^lO ^.f.

vivi

^pofiio 910m. ,bna old X® ni QomijHhi gnilloiiaoo £*

<viiO'>nouftm"ioH .txmao ‘loial §njiqada'fli oaiol

'*.bbo:;> vm lol eâwlA bflii e'âv/k aaw oli 10H lo bno od^

,15hioA od4,fni old gnkoI^,vod^ îJauoo Yddaori^ ,8/ioiiii i avawlA _

ixiIi/591 on gfiived ^Miw Ja faâm od ,^3jaw ori^ no b«a abqpTr oxU mon tJosIôn boiJrnnoq ion saw orf iiofHwH?»ao««ol uA iqo^xo ad&iy w

jiiil ,oraod in boog & d$i7f ''Mobxiiqm koig^v/od taiiam ^

lol boiiBnop eaV llf- .ojiina'x obiw a iooi snibaoiîaihao's'

âc'^'JWo iaomla ^ni ouliBT bojin^ôim lo aîiow oi|ff~

^

odi lol noiiSiiôiq ill iadw3aJ0fc oaiiaiWir oi na^siddôd irimi^^^bl^

jjiiiob twsw^ ^ ^nootlil^&Bw I b'inU ‘* itojiiw oH *waIJio -ûia -:™MifiiK

CLAITON PURNFLL 295

what interested me most; from that age to eighteen, I was studious

in my habits, and for the four succeeding years of my life, J '.vorked

•seventeen or eighteen hours every day, teaching during the day, and

keeping up my studies at night, I attended no school. My mother

luught me until I was able to do the usual high school work, and then

1 continued my studies, som.etimes under private instructors, but

more often alone, thus acquiring small Latin and less Greek, and

a fair fund of general information aftervard of service to me.’’

He began the study of hrv in the summer of 187S, with S. T.

Milbourne, Esquire, of the Cambridge bar, as his preceptor, and was

admitted to practice. November 15, ISSl; the following }'ear was

spent in the office of Daniel M. Henry, Jr., at Cambridge, when he

left Dorchester county to accept the vice-principalship of the Beall

high school at Frostburg. In 1SS3, he opened a private school at

I'rostburg, and conducted this with success until ISSG, when he was

reappointed to the position formerly held in the high school, at the

same time opening a law office, wdiere all time at his disposal was given

to such legal business as he had in hand. In 1891, he resigned his

place at the high school to give his entire time to the practice of his

profession.

On June 12, 1SS9, he married Miss 5[ay, daughter of Honorable

Thomas G. 5IcCulloh, of Frostburg, and they have three children

—

Henrietta Spence, Dorothy and Clayton Spence.

Mr. Purnell has been the secretary of the Equitable Savings and

Loan Society of Frostburg, since its organization in 1S91; he was one

of the organizers of the Western Maryland Telephone Company, of

which he is a director, has served several times as City Attorney of

Frostburg and is connected professionally and otherwise w'ith numer-

ous other local enterprises.

He is a Democrat in politics, and while he takes an active interest

in political matters, though several times urged to do so, he has ahvays

declined to become a candidate for any oflice.

He was appointed a meml)cr of the State Board oF Education in

1900, rea})pointed in 1902, and again for four years in 1904. He has

assisted in the movement to improve tlie public school system of the

^^tate througli the employment of professionally trained teachers at

better salaries, and served as a member of the Commission to revise

the school laws of the state during tlie legislative session of 1901.

Actively associated with the establishment of the State normal

,ja 1 <or/ Avr>-oCS •

ff..’!;-/' Vv,.''

'

«;oibuta a£v/ I o.i inotl *)ni !y^*î^)ni Jud/r

b'jAjo'// I Via I'Joi »ili lol bna ,airdari vw mbn« ,

{.tb 5;flj jîiiiuh ,Y,itb vjr/o <i^lJOh ^vjahips io aMar/^loiitoai .ioo.d'}« on bdbao^j/s 1 :l.: t-iibi; is '{fii qir j^njqoo/f

bn/i iOiuf'w <>tij ob oJ juIa 8iiv 1 lijajj am Jrigiji*;

jud ,eioJ>in+ 2 ai o:miiq HoaiiyACiwa bounij/ioo I

bnu i^4waO etrivi ban ni^md ?|nnix#paJ!i 21/dj .anole nollo oiom'\om oJ v^viv rjci lo doilvjiifn'io'im te9(i{3g lo bm/l liid a

,T .8 lUi?/ -8T8I lo lOfrini/B 9i{j jii w/d 10 Ybuiôdj. nA^9d oHe/;v/ hflJ5 .'TOJqôoiq aiii ^jq ,%fid ^3§0"K^m£D 'ni V' omuodfiUtA'rf -ri}>v; ;!âi'ôIlol adt ,of oi b^nirnl c

ft ; ivdv/ ,0'^hndm/in Ui ,/rl. luiaiiU ig a^dio od^ ni j/ioq>

ib .d odJ io qiifiiiijLtqhah(5-o:ii7 iqoct'v! 0 ? (inôtnoJaon'jioCl }V>(

:3f. ioo/loa oMvnq m hom<io od ,bS^J nl .'^ludôrl in {oodoa rfîd

aiiv/ od nodv/ iiJa;/ fhb/r aidJ lwfaiii»noo bnxi .jjiudjfcoi'l

odi ic dgrd odt ni Bbd vh^nnol nobiaoq mii oi b^Jnioqqfi'/i

m'lfi^ aft'jv ijciôqafb aid jis sad-J Ha ,odflk> y//:i /t âinoqo sflciit onica

aid hon^taoi ad11081 nl .baxid ni b^d od ?:^'©oiaud liigol doua oJ

sid lo o'jii'jjsitq o^l) oi &mii oiling aid svi§ oMoodaa rfîd adJ Jn aoniq

.noia3».fdt>iq

sldinoaoH lo mU bohi^m sd .Q88t ,SI aaul nO—ii'inbiMo oofdj ov^d hxm attfd reoi i lo ,i!odid)oi4 .»"> p;nmodT

.‘oanj^B itoivîl^ bh^.xdf(no(t‘ ,oairi'oq8. jiJl^hnsHbfiu PjT](n®^ oidi/Jiapld odd edj p..;d liainnSl .il/l

ono a/i%7 od;

t CSf ni siohn:Îaxig7o ajf aaaie lo vJohoS nno.1

lo v<ii^<T^t4o0^ onoikpioT^b iTtaja>Y/ wiJ lo odj lo

lo vv/r’ -'v-îA' Bff hrmlhktorsm hir/m ^^J:d /toiimih a si sd doidv/

•ipint/r; d?iv/ oai-rnuijtj ban \iutnoihHtt’ioif{ banonnoo bnxi îijdt?or''l

.aaîiqivjno Uwl lOiflo auo

lawbti oviiaa ni: r'STitd $d olid .7 baa .s^d tihq nl ini'ômod n si oHa/Av/fa pad sd ,os oi> ol s- cr/ii irio dzjyodi ,efiaMani faoijifoq ni

.9aillo xna loi f)Jiibibi3/;D & a/iioo(K.f o) banlloob

ni noi^/jwi^ )u biiicH aiaiS odJ lo ôrlmo^’n a !)Otnk)qqa anv7 oH"ai;d f>H ni eaiiav 'luol iol niax»a bna ni bojnirxjqnvi .OtHlf

ot4>j j<v nvxr-^x^ loodsjs iîldnq odl avoiq/ni oi jaarnovom odj /ti I>o}aiaac

^r. Alod•)£p^ boni/nj -{lUmofahaloiq lo .tômvolq/no odl d‘ûmdi oJflla

oaivm oJI iioi^fiurnoO od? lo rrodmom a ,ba/io/ bnn .aorudna

.ffXU lo noif<&>« 9Vijxiiaijol ^»di >jn}& adj lo av/id ioodoa atlJ

larmon adt lo jnomdaifdaJ?,a -nfi ddv/ bojiiboaiâ vfaviJoA

296 CLAYTON PURNELL

school at Frostburg, he has taken a deep interest in its development,and striven to make it successful in fulfilling its mission in the school

system of the county and State.

Mr. Purnell was one of the charter members of- Frostburg Lodg:e

No. 470, B. P. O. Elks, its Exalted Ruler for the first year, and has

been chosen several times as its representative in the Grand Lodgeof the order. He is a member of St. John’s Episcopal church, has

served as vestryman, and many times as its lay delegate in the Mary-land Diocesan Convention. He was elected president of the Alle-

gany County Bar Association in 1893, was one of the persons active

in the organization of the Maryland State Bar Association in 1896,

wdiose meetings he has never failed to attend, and was one of the

delegates to the American Bar Association at its Denver meeting in

1901. He is also a member of the State and National Educational

Associations, having attended as a representative of the State Board

the Detroit session of the latter in 1901.

His life has taught him to believe that, ‘‘Since others are some-

what prone to take one at something like his own estimate of himself,

a young man should, as early as possible, learn to knew and justly

value his capabilities. To inspire the confidence of others, he must

first believe in himself and be worthy of his own. Distrust of one’s

power to do as well as he washes to do, deters one from trying, when

he could have succeeded. A boy should be willing to try and, doing

all he can, take the chances. He should select the work he likes best

and can do best and give to it his energies. However valuable tlie

counsel of others may be in aiding him, his own deliberate judgment

should determine the final choice. If he can learn to do anything,

it matters little wRat, better than others are doing it, his success is

assured. Let him depend upon himself and avoid leaning upon

others, getting as far as possible from the idea that government owes

him anything except a fair chance to take care of himself.

“While a young man should not seek oflice. nor, except in rare

cases, accept it too early in his career, he should study public ques-

tions closely, and take an active interest in public affairs, especially

those relating to his own neighborhood, joining every movement

tending to make that a better place in which to live. With due

respect for authority, let him stand for his own aiul the riirhts of

others under the law, and while he should try to have opinions, let

him delay the expression of them at least long enough to obtain the

I•v''-.v:r .U'3^:rr7«l d02

• ^

[,)fv3inqoIf>vob &ti su iwts^ni q^)^b Jft fcsd ed .^pudmil U t-oiioa

iovfi*j3 sdt at noiaRi;ii îniAap.ooow^ ii e/îin oi iTJ/hta bna.

;r,

,

btl(4 >''

V :^01}iixi^ m m^diaîr. adl V> om nsvif Ihfni/H

?.i:ii I'Hii 'ioV”T^k?M b-i-iUx-Li? sii ,3^1^ ,0 .*-l iH .0Ti^ siA

1 o::baJ hamd oda £il bmvâ imod^ aôcf

I ffcd .xbiurfo iisqoJ>iiiq'!l JS'odol lo ^ d .T3hno M lo

f ^ radl axi i fji Y*il m sa sîtirj bnxx Jbd-'{i?>8

^ .noi\l06»YfioO li&'fttJomCI bxMil'

•

:! ovijoa arrorr?^ m'i 'io f>KO ^b08C iii no^JJsi/KB^ “rxiH 7.tfii/o0

' .ji(’8{ ni iioD^fchoasA ‘'itH. yjisJB bnalx*iiil4 oiil b> no/ifiSHsaîo ydt ai

U) m'} 8iivr b/t 4i ,b*ioîia lovyn ear! mi egrxibprn ,,

m jm/n$fCI eti noiMhoaaÂ ull naommA mif oi

knoijaoub:! iaaoitaVI fona ods !o iminimn a o^h si oH JOOl

ILi/.?oa 0)aJB dd) lo a sa bt^bn^îia .sooiifti.waaA

Ini iîJ4/d adi )o fwrns .tioii^

^ eia eiadio wiiB/’ Jad7 ol xnid ^dûsi^^d elil «iH^

iio sjarniJso «wo aid ©dif ^nid^^xnos ^3^<» ^d&Po) anoiq âdw

vfteiUi, I)xta wonii OJ niaal ôldfesoq 3a xhat es ^blmds aam *

' ir.Lun mi ,&Ta:ilo aofiabiiaoo edf (ytiqsnt oT .emiilidttq^fto siii ûUv-

••a'anTO- lo' ârtlaKI ,-frvo aid lo bita Ibsmid ui svelKOsnta

n*3rfv/ ^gniv'ii xnoil îXK' .ob oi asilatw ad ea Ibw sa ob laYôq

^fiiob .bflij x^'i Sidlily/ ad biuods vod A .jK»bap;>yiiE ovad bfi/os ad

.nod sBd'd adihyw adj joaba bliioda .witaxb mk eMJ ,mo ad Ik . .

mU 9ldiiijUr/ lavav/oH 7aaiâfra sid di oi bn* <>b bn*

av/o aid^mid j^rdbk ni ad x*m radio lo bantroo

:

'

.^xjliijvcdi ob oi ai«arnit#od 11 .soiodo burd odt ooinnaJab bluods

si BsaaoiiH f'dii ^v]î ^xtiob ai* stodiio nfidi Toîoci oliJil aia<>iiif£i >Ji

noqu ;^mni'ai biov* bim lihejrMl noqa btioqab mtd isd .bm’ES*

f -a-no lamcmo'/o^, Ji^d t mbl odi tnoil eldiaaoq e* lal e* »8iod4o

lbfe(Ti/d lo naa »3i«v? oi oaaiui*) * ^qaaxsjgaidjyaJi mid

9n;i ni K;aoya ,*ion aadlo do-ya ioa bluoxis iiîa ^niiox * oiidV/'^

-39trp 'iiMwq vbujs bli/oda od"iasi,;iO eid ni :^qooaa ,3oa«o

vnaiosqaa oddnq ;d isaioini nvija* m 'jda,i ban .vls^^b enoit

j

tnoaxavom viovo' ?;a/niui ,boodTodd3ian mffo p.id oi i^niJflfar esodJ

or/fy dji /r .svif o^ daiiP// nl aoidq loîod * i)*dt aJam oi ^nibxioi

io sidj^ri Dfb biia xtv/o aid tol Ixiiila mid âi ,xiiiodiUij loi Joaqaai

Jal .enoiaicftry/^xid oJ yi) bluoda od obdy/ bofi tdbrm siadio

nrli aiiJdn of dûocaiinol jacif In fami,i V> nofssoiqxa odS vabb mid

.A'

*4,

r1

CLAYTON PURNYJ.L 297

facts. While he may find it more pleasant and infinite!}^ more popu-

lar to drift with the cuiTent of thought and events, he should try to

bo strong enough to swim against the stream, and brave enough to

strive alone, should his convictions require the sacrifice.’^

I'V/ .Bjont

^^•lb ot

; •'MJ

ALBERT CABELL RITCHIE

Ritchie, albert CABELL, lawyer, of the firm of Ritchie

& Janney, of Baltimore, was born in Richmond, Virginia,

on the 29th of August, 1876. His father. Judge Albert

Ritchie, was at one time City Solicitor of Baltimore, later City Coun-sellor of Baltimore, and from 1891 until his death in 1903 was a Judge

of the Supreme Bench of Baltimore City. His mother was Mrs.

Elizabeth Cabell, daughter of Dr. Robert G. Cabell, of Richmond,Virginia.

Albert C. Ritchie’s boyhood was passed in Baltimore, where he

was prepared for college, and took the undergraduate course at Johns

Hopkins University, receiving the degree of A.B. in 1896. He then

spent two years in study at the x^aw School of the University of Mary-

land, and was graduated with the degree of LL.B., in 1898.

He at once began the practice of law in the offices of Steele,

Semmes and Carey, in Baltimore. He served as assistant to the City

Solicitor, from 1898 to 1900. He was appointed Assistant City Solici-

tor in March, 1903; and he was reappointed Assistant City Solicitor

for four years in July 1, 1903, and again in October 1, 1907.

In November, 1903, he formed a partnership for the practice of

law with Stuart S. Janney, of Baltimore, under the firm name of

Ritchie 4ind Janney. Their offices are 745-751 Calvert Building,

Baltimore.

Mr. Ritchie has written a legal text-book upon the Law of Munici-

pal Condemnation in Maryland, published in June, 1904.

By political preference he is connected with the Democratic

party. He is identified with the Protestant Episcopal Church.

On May 18, 1907, he was married to MissUlizabeth C. Baker, daughter

of Mr. Bernard N. Baker, of Baltimore.

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FREDERICK RODGERSA WARRIOR’S worth cannot bo lejiably computed until after

he has been in battle. He may have acquired all the tech-

^ nical and theoretical training which the nation’s school for

soldiers and sailors can impart; but his ability to put the knowledge

acc(uired into practice during times of peace cannot be accepted as

a criterion for the rating of his worth in war. This is but natural, as

the qualities which are w'orth most when a warrior is under fire maynot be revealed under any other circumstances. Therefore, a nation

feels a certain confidence in an old fighter, who has been baptized

with fire; w^hile it awaits with much apprehension an account of

the conduct of an officer to whom actual war is a thing altogether new\

No more advantageous equipment could be given a naval officer

than that immediately after the close of his schooling, he be given an

opportunity to get into his nostrils a whiff of the powder of actual

conflict.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, the students of the Naval

Academy at Annapolis were called from their class-rooms and

put on board fighting ships. These students in many instances soon

developed into the ablest seamen of the nation; and among this class

was Admiral Rodgers who, at the age of eighteen, closed his school

books, forsook the Naval Academy, and began by practical and

exacting experience to put into use w^hat he had been taught at

the school for midshipmen.

Frederick Rodgers was born at Sion Hill, near Havre de Grace,

Harford county, on October 3, 1S42. He is the son of Robert Smith

and Sarah (Perry) Rodgers; the former a farmer who filled the posi-

tion of collector of the port of Havre de Grace and served as colonel of

the 2d Eastern Shore regiment of Maryland \’olunteers during the

Civil War. The grandfather of Admiral Rodgers, Commodore John

Rodgers, commanded the frigate Pir.sidrnt during the war of 1812-1-1,

and at the time of the Battle of North Point was in charge of a detach-

ment of United States sailors who had been detailed for the defence of

Baltimore. For his services on this occasion he was presented with a

fOS

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FREDERICK RODGERS 305

review. Admiral Rodgers served as captain of the Navy Yard in

New York, in 1895 and throughout 1896, and subsequently was given

command of the new battleship Massachusetts. He was president of

the Board of Inspection and Survey at Washington, D. C., in 1898,'

;

and during the Spanish-American War was in command of the

IUnited States monitor Puritan.

In 1901,Admiral Rodgers was ordered to command the Philippine

Squadron in the Asiatic Station, with the United States armored

cruiser New York as his flagship, and in 1902, he was made com-

mander-in-chief of the United States naval forces of the Asiatic

Station. April 1st, 1903, he was ordered to the command of the

Navy" Yard and Station at New York. He was retired on October

3, 1904 in accordance with the law regulating retirements, after having

completed over 47 years of active service; but was continued on duty

by the order of the Navy Department, his present post being that of

President of a Board in connection with the improvement of the NavyYards.

Admiral Rodgers was married to Sarah M. Fall, February 2

1882. They have had two children, one of whom is living. Admiral

Rodgers is a member of the Metropolitan and Che\w Chase clubs of

Washington, D. C.; the University and New York Yacht clubs of

New York; the military Order of the Loyal Legion; the Society of the

War of 1812, Naval Orders; and the George Washington Post, Grand

Army of the Republic.'

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JACOB ROHRBACK

ROHRBACK, JACOB, lawyer, was born in Frederick city, onAugust 23, 1863. He is the son of Martin Newcomer andEllen Catherine (Brunner) Rohrback. His father was a

groceryman, noted for his ‘'firmness and strength of character.”

Mrs. Rohrback's influence was strong for good on the moral character

of her son. His grandfather. Major Jacob Rohrback of Sharpsburg,

Washington county, assisted in the defence of Baltimore in 1814 and

was married to Mary Smith from Pennsylvania.

Mr., Rohrback was “ always strong, healthy, and robust as a

youth” and delighted in reading and the “usual youthful sports.”

He writes; “As my profession is the law, legal books have always

been most helpful to me. Besides these I have always believed myLatin and Greek studies have assisted greatly in my professional

work.” He attended the public schools at Frederick and Frederick

college, the old county academy, and then entered i\It. St. Mary’s

college at Emmittsburg, Frederick county, where he graduated, after

five years of study, in 1882, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

By the same college the degree, of A.M. was given to him in 1884.

After graduating from college, he became a student of law at the

University of Maryland, which conferred on him the degree of Bache-

lor of Laws' in 1885. Mr. Rohrback then settled in Frederick city

as an attorney at law, in which profession he has built up an excellent

practice. He entered this profession from his own preference, aided

greatly by the advice and wishes of his father. The influence of his

home and church life have been determining factors in Mr. Rohr-

back’s career. He is a prominent member of the Evangelical

Reformed Church

On March 1, 1892, he was married to Ida Rebecca Ramsbiirg

of Frederick. They have no children. Mr. Rohrback has always

been a Democrat in politics and, as nominee of that party, was

elected a member of the house of delegates in 1S8< and of the senate'

in 1899. He is past junior grand wanlen of tlie grand lodge (»t‘

Maryland A. F. and A. Masons. He is also a member of Enoch

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JACOB ROHRBACK 309

Royal Arch Chapter No. 21, Enoch Council No. 10, Royal and

Select Masters and Jacques de Moky Commandery No. 4, Knights

Templar. In 1905 he was appointed by Governor \Yarfield, a

member of the Maryland State Commission to the Jamestown

Exposition, and since then has been an active member of that

body.

His favorite relaxation from professional work is found in ‘‘ read-

ing and participation in church, lodge, or other work of special or

local interest.’’ His life has shown him that the best advice wdiich

can be given toward the attainment of true success is that one should

“wisely and conscientiously improve the present and then those

affairs in life which we call failures may prove ultimately but to be

soul lessons for us and uplifts to higher and nobler things.” True

success follows only “industry and honesty, the love of God, and

devotion to home life, the cultivation of the friendship and influence

of those who stand for all that is noble, good and elevating in all the

affairs of life.”

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lo 7iKfm«m ovtJoiigîg- bn^ ,noUieoq

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WINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY

WINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY was born at Richfields, near

the town of Frederick, Maryland, on October 9, 1839.

His grandfather, John Thomas Schley, had emigrated to

America from Germany in 1739. The Admiral's father, also John

Thomas Schley, was successively lawyer, merchant, and farmer. He'

was possessed of sufficient means to give his son a thorough education,

and the boy was never confronted with the necessity of performing

manual labor for a livelihood. The most marked characteristics of

the father—high morality, respect for the law, and an enthusiastic

love of country—were inherited by the son. Nature had endowed

the youth with a good constitution, and his devotion to all out-of-

door sports resulted in his taking such exercise as gave him a finely

developed physique.

After passing through the primary schools at Harmony Grove

and Frederick, to which latter town Admiral Schley's father moved in

1848, the youth attended Frederick Academy and St. John’s Academy,

both at Frederick. Ho then entered the United States Naval Acad-

emy at Annapolis, September 20, 1856, from which he was grad-

uated four years later. His first active duty in his profession as

naval officer was on board the frigate Niagara, which cruised to India,

China, and Japan in 1860-61, primarily for the purpose of carrying

back to their native land the ambassadors who had been sent to the

United States from Japan in 1859.

With this brief experience in practical navy work, Admiral

Schley entered upon very active duty in the conflict which began

shortly thereafter between the United States and the section which

was comprised in the so-called Confederacy. He was advanced to

the grade of master on August 31, 1861, and served on the frigate

Potomac. Less than a year later, July 16, 1862, Schley was commis-

sioned Lieutenant, and in that position he saw duty on the H inona,

Monongahela, and Richmond in the Mississippi river campaign and the

engagements in the vicinity of Fort Hudson, from .March 16 to July 9.

1863. During this time, in common with many minor officials who

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%JiL)}

WINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY 313

have since attained prominence in the navy, he was under Admiral

Tarragut, from whom he gained much by force of example. During

the years 1864-66, Schley served as executive officer on the gunboat

Wateree in the Pacific. In 1865 he put down an insurrection of Chinese

coolies in the Chincha Islands. Upon the occasion of a revolution at

La Union, San Salvador, he landed one hundred men and protected

the interests of citizens of the United States.

After having seen active sea service for more than six years,

Schley was given a land assignment. On July 25, 1866, he was pro-

moted to the rank of lieutenant commander; and he served as instruc-

tor at the United States Naval Academy from 1866 to 1869. Theperiod from 1869 to 1872 found him on duty as executive officer of

the U. S. S. Benicia^ on the Asiatic station; and in this period during

the trouble between the United States and the Hermit Kingdom, he

took an active part as adjutant of the land forces in the capture of the

forts on Kang Hoa Island on the Salee River in Korea.

Schley was then reassigned to the Naval Academy, and for the

four years from 1872 to 1876, he was head of the department of

modern languages in the Naval Academy. On June 10, 1874,

he was promoted to the rank of commander. The conclusion of

his stay at the Naval Academy in 1876 was followed by another three-

years period of sea service; and while on the Essex, on the Brazil sta-

tion, Commander Schley rescued from the Island of Tristan d’Acunha

an American crew which had been shipwrecked there. From 1880 to

1883, he served as lighthouse inspector with headquarters in Boston.

One of the most notable achievements of the Admiral’s career

occurred in 1884, when he commanded an expedition which’ sailed to

the Arctic Ocean and rescued from certain death Lieut. Adolphus W.

Greeley and six companions, at Cape Sabine, Grinnell Land. The

undertaking was from the outset a most hazardous and difficult one.

Two previous expeditions, well equipped in every way, had been

turned back by the ice pack, impelled to abandon the quest.

Schley’s entire conduct of the enterprise was thoroughly character-

istic of the man. His preparations were in themselves such as

to insure success, for they were marked by great thoroughness

and minute attention to detail. To perfection of system, essential

in its way, Schley added tenacity of purpose. When the ice pack

began to close in and threatened to become as formidable an obstacle

as it had proved in the case of the two previous ex{)editions, Schley

vajHoa i-roofi luanxiw

liiiiiribA 191)0^ =ifi77 eri ru :

ri i'l L?G .oiq ai^vi.^ lo oo? (^1 yd douf! : i

•oonimo'iq aonia 97,

od fnodv/ moil^Bochiis^ od,t no io'>rRo evauoox^ iu: v-î'rio8 Ôd-t'd^.l \iêy êaaniilph mih-rnutini an nwob iu<r fuf otta I ni 9d^ ni

' nrdjoipTa;!j lo/itdeijorô odj avq'J .^b:i/;kl adolii/lD ad^ ai ^sUobajjtvioiq bnft fi5fii boiX)a(/d ono Wwd W ',iobiJvk8 âoiaU #

.k!9<tcj8 haiiii J adif '10 s/iasiiio lo aja9ia:tai a,/4ôy xf?. aipni lol aaivios aviôi: "^ni'/uid isilA-oiq ai'Ti' 9/f ,d08I ,6S '^lut nO .bioiTiirgid'y; bnnl a navig s/jw ^âfd;-ourt^jni gij bfljs ,i9bm;;iunon lo dxtî odi oi baJoodT .008); oi 0081 moil xûsbtz’)/, ifsv. X ga.te>8 boifnU odi i£ i-

loâailio '-/iiijoaxa Jô mid [ru/cd itP.I at 0081 moil boh;^jfiiK;{) I'unaq zhii ni.hno ;noiWa adj no .8.8 .U ai

®d ^mobgni/I iifiiioH adi biUi âJjaj8 batiaTj’ adtTi:;»a7/tad aldooiJ ai

adi lo mfSqao arf i ni aooiol Lmii odf ]o Jnfitn[bc ».r, .hi^q a/itoe nii do<.âruH fii laviH QoicS ^ds no b/T/;!;;! p.oH jjnuH no sin

odt lol bm t^cnabiioA br//i7I adi oi nadi Bev/ 'âWaglo inai.Tiii/:qob 9/ii lo busd yd»81 o^ ST8I moil ausox TUi

,01 anuL nO .\[rnab£aA adi ni Bognu^gnugil maboilo noisidonoo adT .labfiisfnfnoo lo odi <;. boionioiq bjjvt ,9

-oatdj iadion£ hrrôlh} ae/y dV^b/ti ^mabôA kviiVl adi is '^stg ei

IhsîM adi no .to*'?, ^ yij no afidw b/i/j jatfr/'/on xioa lo bonaq aina^dflijoA b nîsiil lo bfixjbd odi rncnl bai/aeai voldodiabnanirnoO ,noiot <p81 ilun'''! .oiod? bodooiyKiids naad Ud dwdw waio noonaxnA a.noi- oH ni fc,:ioii£fipbi;9rWiiv/ lojoaqani an hoviea od ,(>88

^ l/nniibA^ lo ainaittavahla^ akloion isom odi ^ onOci boffi^B^d Hdw nohiboqxa bobficmmoj od mdv/ ,b88I ui fyjnvoo. // ftudqlobA .iuoiM din^b nUiiaa inoil banaeoi bnn nnaoO oiioiA adoifr J>n£j naniinD ,airld£8 ;«|£D 4a ,anoinr>'?{no:) zia hnn *^9l9oii

.900 ifnoilub bna Bijobiaxcd iaofn a iîoo odi iaoil cltt ^nidaiiabnino'.xi b^;d ,^0’^ -f^r b9qqiup.9 Ilav/ ,?aoiiibf>qzo ai/oiVsiq ov/'

^8)up 9fii BobiwdB oi bollaqmi aoi sdi xd doad bamn-loioaiad*) xld:ôoiodi any/ seiiqiabio adt lo Sjjbiioo aiilno g'xsldoiRc doi/a Baylaemadi ni oiow &aoiiaiaqaiq giH .nnm adi lo oiia

^Pomi-4uoiodJ iasn :3 xd bodiam 9197/ x^dt lol ,aB9*jiina aiuani 0'^larinsea^; ,m9?r{B lo fiofJnohsq oT diaiab 0 ) noiinaiia oii/nim bni

'daaq ooi orii naif//’ .fâoqjuq lo xiioanai babba x^^Wyg ,xflw aii nalaaisdo na sidabionol ea amoad oi banoiaaTdi bna ni eaoio oi nn?i9(

vali'og ,enoiiib9<|Z9 ejoiyoiq ov/) od; lo saai adi ni bavoiq bad ii

314 WINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY

held on, announcing that this obstruction only afforded addition.

reason why the search should be prosecuted with vigor. And il..- ,

proved to be the case; for when Lieutenant Greeley and his con.,

panions were found, their condition as the result of starvation, w;..

such that they could not possibly have lived more than two day- ^

longer.

For his work of rescue Commander Schley received from th*-

Maryland Legislature a vote of thanks and a gold chronometer watdi.

and from the Massachusetts Humane Society a gold medal. On hi-

return from the Arctic regions he prepared a report of theexpeditior.

which was published in 18S7 by the Federal government as a quart'-

volume of 75 pages. A more popular account, entitled “The Rescu'

of Greeley,'’ was written by Schley in collaboration with Prof. J. R.

Soley, and published by Charles Scribner’s Sons. i

Schley was made chief of the Bureau of Equipment and Recruit-

ing of the Navy Department at Washington in 1885; and on March 31 . ;

1888, he was promoted to the rank of captain. When the cruiser

Baltimore was placed in commission. Captain Schley took command }

of her, and held that position from 1889 to 1892. From May 8 to

14, 1890, the Baltimore lay in the harbor of the city from which it

took its name and a most cordial reception was given Schley and all

his men. During the period of Schley’s command of the Baltimore

occurred another incident which tried his mettle.' The Baltimore

W’as cruising in South American waters at the time of a revolution in

Chile when much ill feeling was shown by the natives toward the

United States. While the vessel was in the harbor of Valparaiso, a

number of the crew who had gone ashore were attacked by a mob

which killed several of their number and seriously wounded many

others. After this affront, feeling ran high on both sides: and, had it

not been for Captain Schley’s firmness and cool-heailed jiulgmeni

.

the consequences might have been seriously detrimental to the

relations between the two nations. The American officer however,

handled the difficulty so skilfully tlnrt within a few months the C hil-

ean Government apologized for the insult and paid an indemnity ta

$75,000.

In August, 1891, Captain Schley carried the body of John f.rics-

son, the inventor, to Sweden, and was presented with a gold meilal b>

the King of that country. On his return to the I nited State's, la'

served as lighthouse inspector, 1893-95: as commander of the ciui>» r

T3 ifoa incooH

\.roijibbii hdi/iol^JB v.'iio noilDinlKcio ddi h'.di ,«<> bbd^

iiij bnA .1051V Him bluoris: rfow:-s edJ x^// nomot

;

.iir/T aifi bnxs vdJooiO S0f;noûeLl md^ yol e»rfi i»d ot i»‘.wcnq

• ,aoiJaYj«'-)a a* aoilibncxp. ikdi ,bauo)i diioia^jq,

Y/nb ow^ nisH^ a'jooi bavU avsd îdm?.oq hb)on xj»dS jMflt

I ;

'^1»3ii30l

i nio!l bavioî v^LdoB i&bnjiunmoO osjo?.at h eM

I.flol/jvf ‘•ajyraoaoid'J btos bnis io aiov n eurJJilmf'dlumix^M

-ii nO JisLom bfo:^'. yto^boSi anafifull sJjaF.adaaaaal/iad;^ ntoil form

p:TKY3;baqz6 &di lo snoqjni .c brfr;qaiqajrranorâi diâiA. moil jnrcuiai

i winurp ci'.i jfrsf«n*i9Vu^^^l£Tabo'’I Y^ci T8?d ru bod&dduq sitv/ doidw

f • :vfl' boMiMo ififHCjoq oiorn A .eagîq ST k> amubvI '.i .1 ,'ioYi dfi'v /ioii/i'iod/iliou ni vd italihw c.ir^) ’^vjilaotO \o

^ . ,mob g’laadhsS râhjsdO baflelklaq baa

^-jrij iDo5I .! rrc tjisnrq bypI2 k» wr>a‘:t/H ad j la brdo abarn tu'-ff yaitioB

IU> ihir.K no bfia ;S8^1 nl ao^âidsa-Y/ dfi adt \n gal

Ino'r.ijjT') :>iij nedV/ .ainfqao lo £aat adS oi haiontmq ori ^8881

* {uii:auv.o:> dooj Y^fibB MwiqjiD .xidizalmmoa fii baaÎq feiiw

/) 8 Tal/I xiioi'5 oi ^881 moil rioiikoq iadi biad baa ^lad lo

a li'yidvr moil fo to&iGd odi m XJul owtHVoî &iit ,0y8I ,M(i/- baf: riovigacvx frdfjqaaai klb*tt>a i8om js baa aman «ti dooS

Old 10 baiinimoo SjVabf:>B ky^'honoq ,nard aid

adT 'aljja/fT' ehi bent daidv/ ;JiTabioiii irjdlax^.: baiiijaoo

m aoduhv*3y'h'lo amU $(U )a at âimm auw

tult biQvrol &$vljhu oid rd nncda ar .v 7^mfkn Hi jhaai noih/ ofidO

y. ,r>a!fliaqb;V lo 'K>diiJd did ru adi bUd /J' .mfaSB bobatl

d’u:: i. 'd boda^J^M in^v/' îoMm oao.^ had odv> r/fna lo ladmaav.mmi labn/ja?? tui, rximtjr, 'jhdt Id'ixriavee ballid daidw

b br,d . rabia dSod ao dgid na: ;«tiHaoMbioi11n ^^!dj lollA .aiadô

Jvabiiafldooa bna s^nm'id 8‘'(^dilo8 niatq/.'O io‘! aoad iott

aii't oj b'jnamiiJob xjRUohoa aaad &Vjui Idgrm B^rtr>naapoanoo ani

,i^.vovfOfi i9’dfio juioimiiA odT .aaobcn ov/S odi ncov/^Jed errob/ilat

-Ji.'iU ‘jfU adi/ioin v/al n mdtiv/ 4vtrfl vIlodl>la oa edl bBibnad

ia Y^jn/TTobni na bitnf laia Jluani adt ôlt basqôloqa in^îiiimvoO flBa

t .000,

;

- /Tii\)l lo baiiiao vabht aabq/iO ÎQSl JwyûA al

vd iidôio blo;^ a dJr^ ba)na%o*iq sjjv/ bast ,nobar/S od ,T<)d«ovai odi ,noe

boiinU od^ o5 niDb'*'? Bid aO rn^nimo W odi

adi ldîMuiamfU(r} ?ji ,iojo!xi^:ai amosihi^d ast baviaa

WINia.ELD SCOTT SCHX.EY 315

New York, 1895-97; and as chairr/iaa of the lighthouse board at

Washington, 1897-98. On February 6, 1898, Schley vvas promoted to

the rank of commodore: and with the call to arms for the conflict with

Spain, he was selected to command the flying squadron, formed to

protect the Atlantic seaboard, v/ith the armored cruiser Brooklyn

detailed as his flagship.

With the vessels of this fleet he was present during the blockade

of Santiago and at the battle w^hich destroyed Cervera’s squadron off

that port on July 3, 1898.

In his report of this engagement Schley said: ''The Brooklyn

was exposed for some t^venty minutes to the fire of the four Spanish

ships until the other vessels of the squadron could get up into good

range. I cannot speak with too much praise of the conduct of the

officers and crew’s of the vessels engaged; their spirit and enthusiasm

were such as I have rarely seen in action.”

On August 10, 1S9S, he was promoted by the President to the

rank of rear admiral, “ for eminent and conspicuous conduct in battle,”

and on August 19, of this same year, he was selected as one of the

commissioners to direct the evacuation of Porto Rico. Honors w’ere

show’ered upon Admiral Schley as a result of the part he played in the

Battle of Santiago. Receptions and banquets were held in his honor

iij most of the principal cities, and he received numerous handsome

tokens of esteem, including a jew’eied medal from the Maryland

Legislature, a gold and jeweled sword from the people of Pennsyl-

vania, and a silver loving cup from the people of Atlanta, Georgia.

Admiral Schley was, on April 14, LS99, assigned to duty on the

naval examining board, and on April 27 of the same year he w'as

transferred to the naval retiring board as senior member. Herounded out his forty-seven years of service under the flag in all parts

of the world, in war and in peace, by a final interval of duty as com-

mander of the South Atlantic Squadron, to which he was assigned on

November 18, 1899, continuing in this capacity until his retirement,

on October 9, 1901, upon attaining the age-limit fixed by law.

On September 10, 18G3, Winfield Scott Schley was married to

Anne Rebecca Franklin, daughter of George E. and Maria C. Frank-

lin, of Annapolis, Md. To them three children have been born, two

sons and a daughter.

On June 22, 1899, Admiral Schley received the honorary degree

of LL.D. from Georgetowm University. He is a member of the P.oyal

W:

m

3L'

^ it . .

'^'

. flfflfci^

eBI'f«»foii^’!jaiiBjrf.M8a^ fc^'V'C-ÔSfs'.Aw'i w’A

ôfhWommqM^ nO^ .ae-vegl .noJamifanV/Mfi&i Bmi«;oJ Jiao 3ffr&r/» srf,

f1,0'f bsn^l 7“*^ Jfj^fcrana'W euw srf .nicqg

JosiOTo

bdimidb

ihnu MkfE

1 .!53ii8t

lioV^v/ara bn« gieafflo

I ^ doua 3t&//

^,Ol J&jj^k aO ^ .

'liiiixaba lisai )o jiaai

'xaeM'*

•Javdân bi

>.mj_

lO(-^0'M;i^^ "fiX ’4?us«A no^boa

^ lb''!(!t)iXftif!)4V?9(ii .Jsfliif) oj ^.lanoieeitniiioSa. 'r’-W’j' :_^''k“ ii- ‘ "-^'L. J-' i^'''- 'Mil^ > :d/i ,« >li.' ^ t '• i, . >, , _xfc dtipolii^'a^fcî&MjiMmbA ndqif bsiwolfi

c'!- ,./.^ " “ "'

ij* !« '“*i- ....**^»»**#^ **WJW UO 17WVUC

Wiori a^feAtf:ibiai^ oixtea

8iio’»ait!a WwdVi ail boa’ .aai«o' iaaIbnIiH'eSj lo J«om pi

a :§mhi(y{3m )o enairfoJ

^ A

Jf:^Tq:f^ gni’/S^ TfjTfCa bm ^&idu\

la-HrcibA -Mui

ii '^‘ iava5i di banolBnaii

iii SS i «sv^v?ioi aid Ji/o bobjiuoi

mbii/5 •njTFTni'tbî^ edi k^fl3 ba^lase lo i$bflaxn

,«id aôv xdoiiqjif>îd;}âi âiuaiid^^ ,0eVx ,81 lodxflwvoVl

odt’fdinmW'r ndq^,f00’t\e *wfo^ nc

saw ,Safer\0f ^-icunolqag nO'l

:/J aiTtiirfana .31 oîooO lo ptdî/ab^dibfoa'i'I /rjood^JI enni

'I»¥

nood &vacf jiiotbildo oatrfiîtmdi oT .bM ,ailoq^/iA lo ,ntl

loMôab a boa sacm!

eaigab x}^ômdî bavliK>j>i\»liPMmimL/v ,f08t ,S2 aaulnO•IjtxoJI afino ladmama y »H .VJirtr/fcU' nwaisaiaaO nun! .Q.JJ 1«

||*jif“ Si,t “

._E t ,_au ,r i" "

-al}, ® a

Siil"

316 WINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY

Arcanum of the United States; the Masonic fraternity; the United

Service Club of New York; the New York Yacht Club; the Seawanaka

Corinthian Yacht Club, of New York, and the Metropolitan Club of

Washington. He is not identified with any political party, and has

not held public office outside of his profession. In 1904 he wrote his

memoirs, wffiich were published under the title of ‘‘Forty-five Years

Under the Flag.”

EDWARD THOMAS SCHULTZ

SCHULTZ, EDWARD THOMAS^ was bom in Frederick city,

Maryland, August 23, 1827, the son of Henry and Amelia(Davis) Schultz. His father, who followed the trade of

coachmaker, was a grandson of Martin Schultz, who with his brother

John came from Alsace sometime prior to 1734, and settled on lands

purchased from the Penns on Kreutz Creek, six miles northeast of

York, Pennsylvania. In Glossbrenner's history of York and Lan-

caster counties it is stated that in 1735 John and Martin Schultz

erected the first stone houses on the west side of the Susquehanna River

in Pennsylvania. One of these houses is still standing at Hellem,

and is in a good state of preservation. Mr. Schultz’s maternal grand-

father, Thomas Davis, came from Wales and settled at Greencastle,

Pennsylvania. Y^oung Schultz spent his boyhood in his native

town, passing as much time as he could in the country. In early

years the boy found considerable amusement in working about his

father’s shop. Owing to the moderate means of the Schultzes, he

was not able to finish a college course. He studied at the primary

schools of Frederick, and later entered the English and mathematical

departments of Frederick College; but at the age of eighteen he

brought his school days to a close and* began his business life.

His first commercial position was that of'

a

clerk in a business

house in Frederick city. In 1850, he entered business on his ownaccount in Baltimore; and in 18S2, he transferred this business

—

that of the manufacture of carpets and carpet yarns—to his sons.

He was married on November IS, 1852, to Susan Rebecca Martin,

by whom he has had eight children. .Mrs. Schultz’s paternal grand-

father John David Martme was a native of France aifd came over

with Lafayette and prrticipated with that distingui.'^hed seddier in

a number of engagements during the Revolutionary War. At the

close of the war he was enqilovcd by Washington at .Mount Vernon.

He subsequently moved to Baltimore and engaged in landscape

gardening and in that capacity planned the fine terrace at Hampdenthe home of the Ridgeleys.

XTJUHDa QMAWQRAomhari ai mod a«w BAKOHT aHAY/a3[ .XTJUHDr^

J3ilo/nA hnij Yindrio not ©Hi ,f:2 ^lo ©bmr »;li bowollol odv^ t.iH (tir/i;(J)

WfIjO'id Bid ifik odw ,:ijrWo?4 no>Jbnii^% si b/jva ,ir4iimiioco-:

no boljjda bn/i o) johq ^HvSj^înoe m&HA moil srcuio ndolJo iBrndma golioi zi? Jmi'd sji/?n;i no mmH odi moil bap/ufoiiK]

bmi :hoY 1o 'notaid aionft&tderofO ni jdnsiîhctmîHsib^dof^ If* btXiiî ?»CaI oi l.}By^f''XB $i, Ii, s^^flnuoD loJyfi'

2 »ri <> 2fi lo obis p:ov oHi vio onola iaifiodl bolooie,£dolioH jij llija sr »ôajifOd lo .liinfiYfvaniio’l ai

V .n<»i)i)Y7oao'jq,> 9Uila boo^ li ai ai bxi^

ôlia£:>i209iO Jjf; bslitoB bfm boIhY/^ fnoTl oatao ,Bivx;Q g/ifnorfT ,ioriI4l

xOYilija ehf ni bood'{fid aui jnoqa sduthB âuoY .umBvixaiino^'(Iws ill .yîfujoo ddi ni lyfijoo od ac Oiail doi/rn sin ^siieaBq ,fr/yoJ

eaj Jootifi ^/jxi^TOw niJarnmanma old/nobianoo bnnol e7«o*(fid ,KosIli;dDg oiij lo an^ôm odi oj j^niv/0 .qoda a'ledfaiYi/ihinq Bdfat beibuM oB ,os*umo sjaolfoo a xiaind ol oldfi JO0la iilaxiionjanx bxu; dgu,vavB"sdi 0019I/1 .) toXal bfia io Bk>odo£Of! lo ofij -Ib' ;og#i!oU >loh«>bo'j'5 lo etfismjiaqob

pid nn^t^dSrji oBoh a oj ^r/ab loodoa aid id^ncndgeoaiaod B ni diolo a Io p;;,/ nidjiaoq Inrrjontm isirt alHnwo aid no gponkyd od ni ,vjn dohohs'M ni nenod-^p.aoniaiid aids boii9l|n/j.iJ orf ni bna jsJOfnlda^ ni SnnoooJi

—

S

2 nfi*{ Ioq‘1110 ban sS^qino lo BVJf'jfdvnnni ods lo lad)

O f ,<:{ iSKimovoVl no boii^nra envr sH4>rr>i%7cmo)aq 8 .srtU nvnlfJido uhjh bad and od modw vdlovo om/i*) inui ovaml lo gvitan n prrrr BmnnU biv/jCr ndol lodiilid •!9i}>lo8 hodpfi/j^nheib inds dsm botftqioit'nq bna oJiaval/jJ dtiw-odt sA .7i;V/ Yiijnoiiijlovofl odj ;"nnni> Btnomosioai^ lo lodmim a

moniB/ jrwol/' in mi^nhhsi // vd kovoIqov> 8/jv/ ^d iny/ orfj lo oaohoqn’i»bnnf ni bi^ztn^no bna oioiriidiiff oI bovom vItnoiipof;dn8 oHiiobtjfaaH **; ooai'joJ ond ^dS bonsuJq \jhn(jnB 4f>dj ni ban ^nhiBlnn^

.ir/yiosibiH ads lo omod odi

318 EDWARD THOMAS SCHULTZ

Mr. Schultz entered the Masonic fraternity in May of the ycur1854, and from that time he has taken a deep interest in the historv

of the organization. He was particularly impressed with the quaint

regulations, usuages, customs and traditions of the- fraternity; amiof these he made a study. His labors in this particular resulted in

his appointment, in 187G, as chairman of the Committee on Foreiirn

Correspondence of his grand chapter, the duties of which office arc

to review the transactions of the other grand chapters, to commendsuch legislation and action as the chairman may deem worthy of com-mendation, and to criticise legislation which he may regard as con-

trary to the regulations, usages and customs of the fraternity.

For these special services, Mr. Schultz’s research work had made hiui

especially competent. In 1SS7, he was appointed to the correspond-

ing chairmanship in the Grand Lodge, and this afforded him a muchlarger field for the employment of his peculiar abilities, as the Mary-

land Grand Lodge is in correspondence with more than sixty like

bodies.

Since the dates specified he has annually prepared reports to

both Grand Lodges, and is regarded as among the ablest writers in

this field. When he lost his eyesight in 1897, Mr. Schultz asked to

be relieved of the duties devolving upon him, but his resignation was

refused, and both bodies unanimously elected him chairman of the

committees for life, giving him the services of a reader and amanuen.^is.

In 1865, Mr. Schultz attended the meetings of the General Graiui

Chapter Royal Arch Masons and the Grand Encampment Knights

Templar of the United States; and since that time he has attended

nearly every triennial meeting of these bodies until his eyesight failed.

As a Mason Mr. Schultz has been master of the lodge; high priest

of the Royal Arch Chapter; commander of the Commanderv oi

Knights Templar; grand senior warden of the Grand Lodge of Mary-

land; deputy grand high priest of the Grand Chapter of Royal -\rch

Masons of Maryland; grand commander of the Knights Templar

of Maryland; grand commander of theTirand Consistory of ^laryland

of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite; and, from 1874 to R7i.

he held the position of grand captain-general of the Grand Encamp-

ment of the United States. ]\Ir. Schultz was also an Odd Fellow in

former years.

Though he is the author of a valuable contribution to local hi.'-

tory—“First Settlements of the Germans in ^Maryland”—his chid

sTJUHT>a eAWcwiT aJiAwaa

'tiiox lo yitM rii Lsifivl^flo at[w/fo8 aUvioJii^ êjn9:^fli mA^ bnu ,^^5SX

jnmiip'ddi dJiw 9iii lo

;^^mi9}6T:l 9.dr1o anofilbjati boa' amotoc^ p‘ nrboJfO&it eidtSr w<lai"a

fiîoto'l no o^jîfaxrrcO odit lb aamiiadt) t&

soil 90?So dijiiiw lo Bdibi/b bna’^^^d l4 9^b9bno<|g9nbO

bn9fnmo9 oj' ,a!i!>jqail9 foctai^ Baoho^z^^-mo9 10 ^dtow xH9ob’Y<^-'ii««nimd9 q4^ m nO'bôa.b«fc<i;lqMafei:§:9l',^

-fiot» a^lna^^ X®® doidv/ bba

S;)%

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taO^maT ¥rfrV t^^ aaoaaM'^#bnaiîaK lo xô^m&aoO bfiaiCTodMoîobftamxnoa bfim^ ;baa{viaM lo*

tTTBI <4 H8i'^ mcrtl^tbfta latfH: deijt4ôB baâaaA- bnsa iwafaflA adj lo|".

-qnuionli bnaiO-^d^ lo U’faad;^*0îqaa bnat^^'lq aoi^tisaq adl blad ad

#âl,*aoib'l.bbO na oda 8a#'S#l0db8 adt lo Smmr*.

•‘iid Iaoo|5-o| ijoijiidhiaoo aldaulav a lo lodii/a &dt ei oxi dôdTi.i5i-iixh eid^''£aalx'iai£ «i^ RnaimaO adt lo Eiiiomalii^ Ssii’i xibcT At-

' .jnao'^ Tsanol

EDV/ARD THOMAS SCHULTZ 319

literary work has been done along Masonic lines, and it is as the his-

torian of Masonry in the State that he will best be remembered. In

ISSI, a history of Concordia Lodge No. 13 appeared from his pen;

and in 1889 he followed this with an elaborate “General History of

Free Masonry in Maryland,” in four volumes, aggregating two thou-

sand eight hundred pages. In 1891 he published a “History of

Maryland Commandery, Knights Templar, No. 1”' and in 1893 a

revised edition of his history of Concordia Lodge, He has also pre-

pared papers for the Masonic publications on: “Which is the Oldest

Commandery of Knights Templar in the United States?” “Washing-

ton as a Free Mason,” etc. He was chosen to deliver the Centennial

addresses before the Maryland Commandery in 1890, before the Con-

cordia Lodge in 1893, and before the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch

Masons of Maryland in 1897. Mr. Schultz is also a member of the

Grand Chapter of the Red Cross of Constantine of the United States

and is also a member of the Correspondence Circle of the Lodge Qua-

tuor Coronati of London.

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J<7O'Io0 'lo';

JOSEPH BRUFF SETH

SETH, JOSEPH BRUFF. In the East, along the Atlantic sea-

board, there is found a certain respect for those who can trace

farthest back their ancestry in America. This pride in family

is not encountered in the thickly settled urban section where the

population is constantly changing, as frequently as it is in the moresparsely settled agricultural districts, where the population is sta-

tionary, and the son occupies the same house in which his father

lived and in which, it may be, several generations of ancestors before

him have had their abode.

It is natural in such rural sections, and even in the prosperou.-

little towns which they nourish, that the deeds of one’s father and

grandfather should be accorded a certain reverence, because in these

sections the history of every native family is a matter of public

knowledge. If a man inherits a farm which was tilled by his ancestors

the natural supposition is that he will follow in their footsteps.

This inheritance of a vocation is illustrated in the life of General

Joseph Bruff Seth. His ancestors for generations had been in the

legislature of Maryland, and it was not unnatural that Mr. Seth’s

neighbors should regard him as entitled to go to the legislature alsiv

not with the blind hereditary support which characterizes a mon-

archy; but rather that he might prove his worth as a law-maker.

As one of his credentials for the voters’ consideration. Mr. Seth

could supply a family record of brilliant achievements. His earliest

American ancestor in tlie direct paternal line was Jacobus Seth, who

came to the province of Maryland in 1004. He was admitted t<^

citizenship by an act of the Provincial Assembly in 1()S4. He tir^i

settled in Dorchester county, and was^ married in ll)70 to Barbara

Beckwith, daughter of Captain George Beckwith, whose wife Franci's.

was a daughter of Nicholas Harvey, who came to Maryland in li»-G

with Leonard Calvert and the ]>arty who saih'd in the Ark. lie sat

in the first colonial assembly of Maryland, which was convened at

St. Mary’s City, January 25, lOdT.

In political and military affairs the later ancestors ot General

Seth took an active part. His fatlier, Alexaiuler Ilamilion .''(Uh.

4

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JOSEPH BRUFF SETH 323

who was for many years a prominent farmer of Talbot county; served

his section in the Maryland legislature in 1S44.

Joseph Bruff Seth was born on the family estate in Talbot

county, on November 25, 1845. In his early years he attended the

public schools of the neighborhood; but later he was placed under

private tutors. Although he was destined to follow his father’s

footsteps in the legislative hall, he did not follow his father in his

choice of a calling, but determined to practice law. In November,1SG5, he entered the ofRce of John M. Frazier of Baltimore, and began

to read law. In 18G7, he was admitted to the bar. For a short

time General Seth continued to reside in Baltimore, but in 1871 he

returned to his native county and began the practice of law at Easton,

where the greater portion of his subsequent professional work has

been done.

Thirty years after his father had served Talbot county as its

representative in the general assembly of Maryland, the son was

chosen to perform the same duties, sitting in the lower house during

the session of 1874. General Seth was elected a delegate to the legis-

lature which held its session in 1884, and again for the third time he

represented his native county in 188G, during which latter service he

was chosen as speaker of the house. For a considerable period there-

after, General Seth did not take so prominent a part in the legislation

of the State, although he continued active in the interest of the Demo-cratic party. In 190G, however. General Seth once more joined the

ranks of active workers at Annapolis; on this occasion as a memberof the senate, over which body he presided with rare skill and good

judgment during a trying session. His selection as presiding officer

of the Senate upon his first entering that body was an honor never

before conferred upon a citizen of Maryland.

When, in 1884, Robert M. McLane became governor of Maryland,

he appointed General Seth on his staff as judge advocate-general

with the rank of l)rigadier-general; and he was rea{)pointed to the

same position on the staffs of Governor Lloyd and Governor Jackson.

In October, 1890, he was chosen commander of the State Fishery

force, and while commanding: the State Navy he raised that service

to a high standard of cfFiciency.

General Seth is a member of the Episcopal Church. He holds

meml)ership in the Maryland Historical Society aiul also in the

^lasonic fraternity, affiliating with Coates’s Lodge of Ifaston.

S2S

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’"“ a‘‘MJ«*-»vani«M ,dt ni aqoJatool,iadmofo4 al .wai o.t fe«toa8«»b iud âUieo ilo 99(0*negod otw stWiilag. lo wiwnl .K nrfol to ^sfflo srij bsigjna grf zq^

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JotflaT fcavm bed lodm iul ntU euor vhidV”**se-v CO.J 9dl ,bflaI'CMM lo yidmaage k-ianai; ad} m avi/ajnoaa-inaiS-mijb mod pôl tot, d gnUii, .aaitob om« ad, „„oh9q^39d 0} 9}«g9bb n batoaia aevr^diaii InionoO >:8i to noiaaossl

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Y-lod :! ojTirt?'';C<-f.T-,„n-.9voO to ajlnto od. no noijisoq sinaa

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i,f.un TT - ,.1. ,

yan-ji-jin^ lo btabnnla dgid n oJat lod 9ix .djindO isqoswqa odl Wiowmm e ai dl98 ImanaO3d) ni oalu bxm ytoto^ toitoiaiH b^ndyiel/. odt ni qitfeiadmm

, -«0J^4ja ]o osîoJuLioenM

324 JOSEPH BRUFF SETH

In 1879 General Seth was married to Sallie Goldsborough Bar-

nett, daughter of Alexander H. Barnett of Talbot county, and grand-

daughter of Dr. John Barnett, who was well known in the earlier

decades of the past century. Mrs. Seth died in August, 1881, and

a few months later her only child, a boy, died. In June, 1892, Gen- '

eral Seth married Mary S. Walker, daughter of Reverend Albert

Rhett Walker, of South Carolina, and granddaughter of Bishop

William Boone, first missionary bishop to China, whither he went in

1840 as a minister of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The ances-

tors of Mrs. Seth, as well as those of the General, took an active and

honorable part in early American affairs.

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-iiiS iiÛJQtod&bloO sillii??! oi bi’>rufxai IjsieiieiD 6?8X xii'

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i9th.'?o edt m n’/wsvii llb^ i!f*w oji;// udol .lU lo

4-0C ,J188I M'baib -û^jfxisy ydX^llo s^ymoby'^

^•miO. 'ionuij^JL , belli -fn^ a‘#liilo wdl ai-’0<liA bfloisTsil 10 7ojffeti«b X'ri/k -bornGfii -kio

: qodîE 1o 7e^d^«jc;jb.bnjsi'i:g hm , rlJuoB' lo ^-le^TUaY/ iiadHfit tas'/f olqoMd pijaoiasjffi mniiliW

.^-êanxi' odX -. !isqooai.q'l siiX 'io mputhit ^ ?j> Oi^BT

bfiii' ovilim ifxi ;liK>t ifem'otTed.t lo'S’odb'ei Hew aij- ^^$3 Mil

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'!'!k ^.' 'S'i)i:V'

HARRY GEORGE SKINNER

SKINNER; HARRY GEORGE. A comprehensive history of

ship-building in America must take note of the importantpart which Baltimore has had in this industry. Before the

dawn of the American Revolution, there had sprung up on the river

i

front of the city which was destined to become the metropohs of the

South, a number of yards in which were built sailing vessels. These

;

crafts, for which no land was too distant, no sea too rough, nourished

Ias no other agency could have done the commercial interests of the

American colonies. The Baltimore-built vessels, known in those

days as clippers, were able to outsail all other ships; and when the

colonies took up arms against England, these swift-sailing ships

became a dangerous instrument of destruction to the shipping of that

country. The English generals themselves admitted that the mostserious menace to the operations they planned against America,

came from the clippers which sailed out of Baltimore's harbor.

The prominence which was given to Baltimore in the story of

American ship-building because of the product of the early boat con-

structors, has not been lessened in later years. The standard set

by her pioneer ship-builders, who were equally adept in the con-

struction of carriers of commerce and of engines of destruction, has

been fully maintained by their successors in all the subsequent years.

The story of ship-building in Baltimore during the past fifty or sixty

years reveals the same progressiveness, integrity, and perseverance

that characterized it in preceding periods. The houses engaged in

this industry have apparently been prompted by the same motives

that moved the colonists to let no other city excel the Maryland town

in the character of the boats she built.

No concern has done more in recent years toward maintaining

the supremacy of Baltimore as a ship-building center, than that

with which the Skinner family has been connected. The success of

this family in that industry to which several members dedicated

their energy and ability has not been accidental, but was plannetl

for in advance by strict attention to detail and a thorough training

in the technique of the science of ship-construction.

I

!o /loli'.id A .I’TOTlOBrl ^B3,y[YA7lff?dj lo eioa .jawm mhom A ai srribliiid-qids

(fods inobH .txirobfii nidi ni ixed sed ©lomirJftg

*

i3Th Qdt fjo qu bqd awU ,aolty|ovoJi imhomk oiil Ip «7ofi;r !o giloqoilaoi ^4r»mafv^Kl oi bdnitfcab &fsW rfnirlw viio od? lo tn

saad r .abeas^v dixiJ d&*yiv/ rti Elyre’{ ]o mlmun a ,dnb'3£bhyOiK ,dai;o‘i oalii4>a on .dnAlrib oo1 siiw bti/if on doidw loi ,?dl

odj k> ei»6ii).7xii ftroiornxnoo odi enob oved blnrao isdio on980dl iit ,afti*;.a9T®.?lmoôiomiiiV:H edT .eoinofoo nAoiisr

)Sd;J £7odv7 bnn lodjo lb lixiajjio at ^[(jn 01^7/ ,8ioqqHo m e*;

aqixfe sniliea-Hiv/a oêdt ,b/iAf^n3 ^^?nb’,;gx; ttma qu doot af)ino

nobomtaeb 'lo tnanurrs&xu aooissnAb & omc:isom odt ixoitimbfi &ovhnm<jdi eJAx^nos. xiail^n3[ odT .viJmÂohsrnA tanbgJB btinmdq vedt anolMioqo e^di ot sofinom gijol

nod'Uid lo dno belta? dokb/r STjqqih &d3 moil onlo xw;^ odt ni ,rioinidfi0 at nsvqi bay? dt)ich/ sonaflimoiq odT-noo tfiocf odt lo tynbotq oiiJ io o*x/iiOXH:i ;gnibliijd-qida nconsflba btflbniji^ adT >8ia9y latxii ni b^naaaal xmd ton PAd ,8iotou

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Pi/i^y jj^sfipeadn^ oxi? [in ni snoaôoxna ibdt ydibonintnifim xilut n^•ytxia ID “yttfi' ja^jq :Jilt ;giiilnbptoxtiitliiS ni ^niblincbqide to yiota oj

3r)n£T9V9«i9q bxn< .yti'jsotni axnâ odi ein

ni bo^n^no aoairoif odT .abonoq snibooxnq ni ti bsihotaATAdo ja

fc'S/itofii omn <9iit yciijoiqmoiq njMKf yftxmfiqqa evad viisubni e.l

jmo3 bnAb{ijeU mb boxy ytb lod io 0 x1 îoi ot et&ixioloo edt bovoni 3a

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to aaoooixa odT Jx^xoonnoo xio^xd P4jd ybmjdt lonnidS odt doidw dxbotnoibeb aô^^^^9m iaiovoe djixfw ot ytten#bni t^dt ni ylinint »i

bonnnlq aev/ tnd Jntnobioon noaxi jon-RAd ytilidn bnn ”C3i^n9 ib^rt/nbiit dgjomxij c bnxi luitofa ot xroitnottn tonte yd sonA’/bA ai %

.xToitom vnao-qfda io oonoioa 9xit to oupindost edt

328 HARRY GEORGE SKINNER

Evidence of this is given by the career of Harry George Skinner,who succeeded his father and his uncle in managing first the estab-

lishment of William Skinner and Sons, and later the William Skinnerand Sons Ship-Building and Dry-Dock Company.' The old ship-

builders received their training by starting as apprentices and grad- ;

ually advancing to positions of responsibility. The representative

modern ship-builder, of whom i\lr. Skinner is t\-pical, have the addi-

tional advantage of having received in scientific institutions techni-

cal training in those subjects that are most useful to one in this line

of business.

Harry George Skinner was born in Baltimore, on December 17,

185$, the son of William Henry and Martha Anne (Wilson) Skinner,j

His father, a ship-builder by trade, served Baltimore City as the I

president of its Harbor Board. With his natural inclination for;

mechanics and passion for everything pertaining to shipping, the j

business of his father offered young Skinner ample opportunity.

During his early years, while he was receiving the foundation of his

education at the public schools of Baltimore, the boy was a frequent

visitor at the ship-building yard of his father. He left school after

completing the third year at Baltimore City College, and began his

apprenticeship in the trade which he intended to make his life work.

In order to obtain a practical insight into the trade of ship-

building, Mr. Skinner, while working as an apprentice, began to

pursue at night such courses of stud\ as would give him also a theo-

retic knowledge of the science of ship-building. For three years he

attended the night classes in mechanical drawing at the Maryland

Institute—the School of Art and Design. In addition he bciran to

study by himself certain branches of the ship-building business with

the aid of such works as J. Scott Ru.'^seU’s “Ship Building,’’ and

Samuel J. P. Thcarle’s “Naval Architecture.’’

When Mr. Skinner started upon his chosen career, he had every-

thing in his favor. No outside inlluence had been brought to bear

upon him to persuade him to adopt sliip-l)uilding as his prote»ion.

but a wise parent had left him to gratify his personal wi>lies. and it

was solely by his own choice that he followc'd his tather.s busim-'S.

He was afforded the opportunity to gain a broader view of theshiji-

building business than most men who engage in it. botli l)ecau>e <»t

his ability to study it theoretically and practically, and beiaiuse d

the guidance which was available to him through the wi^e experiema'

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b) oauaDod l+xii; ^vllxioitoinq hiixi vliiioboToodt ti vl»uta ot xîîdjs aiii

O'XJohoq/.o oBh/ odi ihuovi) mid ot eltbdi/r/Xi cx;v/ iiuidv/ onnidjin^ adt

HARRY GEORGE SKINNER 329

of his father; and in addition his father’s life offered an example of

the habits and character which would ultimately win success. This

auspicious beginning of his business career has been succeeded by a

life of constantly increasing usefulness.

Mr. Skinner has been steadily engaged in the building andrepairing of ships since his sixteenth year, when, in 1874, he becameapprentice-boy. He has throughout this time been connected with

the ship-building concerns which bear the name of Skinner. After

the death of his father and his uncle, he assumed the proprietorship

of the William Skinner and Sons plant. In 1899 the interests repre-

sented here were combined, and the corporation of The William

Skinner and Sons Ship-Building and Dry-Dock Company of Balti-

more City, was formed, of which i\lr. H. G. Skinner has been president

and treasurer.

In March, 1906, ^Ir. Skinner and the interests which controlled

the William Skinner & Sons Ship-Building and Dry-Dock Companyof Baltimore City obtained control of the ship-building plant, dry

dock and machine shops formerly belonging to the Baltimore Ship-

Building and Dry-Dock Company, and formed a Company under

the name of the Skinner Ship-Building and Dock Company of Balti-

more City, which took over the property and plant of the Baltimore

Dry-Dock Company and also the property of the William Skinner &Sons Ship-Building and Dry-Dock Company of Baltimore City. Mr.

.Skinner is President and Treasurer of the new Company.

Mr. Skinner was married on April 7, 1885, to Gertrude Thompson,

of Terre Haute, Indiana. They have had nine children, seven of

whom are living in 1907.

He has always been a hearty supporter of all sports upon the

water, and an active member in the organizations allied to the

several branches of his business. He is a member of the Society of

Naval Architects and 5Iarine Engineers, and is chairman of the

executive committee of the Ship and 5Iarine Engine Builders Associa-

tion of Baltimore City. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and

has been master of a Masonic Lodge. He is also a member ot the

Baltimore Country Club, of the Maryland Country Club, and of the

Baltimore Yacht Club.

lo »lqmcxd nt, l'^wJ\o olH >uf (jof^jfbhc m hn& eid loBiriT .sfe<»i)'>fj« fuw vb.tjmi4lii bfuov/ ihirlv/- t<»Janii;rl9 bna 8iidf*rf orfi7d 3ini wiji'j i^mfrisud f'id lo îiiiîâd auohiq^.im

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... -^qidB-oioiohha 9dl oJ- îiiSinohd%hi>m’iOt aqotUomdoambaa doob' -iobmi ’{nuq(noO i! boiniql bn^ *vtuu|fiioO brifi ^niblij/a

lo yjinqmoD :ho(I hiw ^nUdhB-qUd i5njtbl8 a/O loomxjn sH)

j,,' r>di.i970.i(io.li-bid'// ,yjiO oion.i^ ^ i^noiia mnUUV/ mit lo yb >qoiq sdj oak b/ix; y/ixjqinoO 3iooa-'ri(I

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‘XbOfmmidrâ lo vtu;qrrtoa TfooCbyin bn/i inibiiuH.qixia anoa/- ]w>xi9biS'i4 ai lonnida.noeqnrofl Tobt/^tioO ol S fnqA fto bornij^n 3»/;*.7 ô[J^îdB .'ilC

. lo 0972)^ ,^7bjido'oobi Ud ovfid yoxlT .#n*iibnf ,oji//jH otoT lo' .tO(?i 978 modw

7 ! ; mHfo aiioqa Ih lo lohoqqua yni;!>ri ii o^d av^^v/lr. axjd oHOiiJr o:t if9ill?i fexioiiijsmrîo oxf) xu y^dinom 9viJo8 n/i bnx? ,iol8W

:<19190^. ^jij Ip 7‘^diTioin e aj oH .i-aont^^xid aid lo aodofiîd Iciovoa

y‘• ; ; i»d‘ lo nx;m-u/;rfo at bxi'i onhr.l/: baxi BtooSidoik Ibv/jZ

d:. t -&hohhh aioMinH ©ofexjld oximl4 b«;j qixfa ori.) lo ooUifrtiToo dvftuosxo

Liii; ,']obiO o:r:o,*i!.C oxlt lo lodmo'^f- x^ ai 9il .y)iO eiomitfna lo notl

^

Ofit lo 79dnTexfi A ai rxH ,o^ji.KxJ r. lo nood acdxo bxiii ,dixr> x%UwtO hmi'oM(^dl to ,di;|D yitm/oO oio/nbbfl

sioxnilliia

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ROBERT HENRY SMITH

SMITH, ROBERT HENRY, lawyer, was born at Lower Chance-

ford township, York county, Pennsylvania, December 1,

1845. He is the son of Robert and Sarah (Ross) Smith.

His father was a farmer and merchant, who took an active interest i

in public and political affairs. His ancestors came from the North of |

Ireland and settled in York county, Pennsylvania. They were Scotch-j

Irish on both sides, and some of them took an active part in the Warj

of 1812. \

The boyhood of Mr. Smith was passed upon a farm, and he had]

the usual tastes of a strong, country boy. He had regular tasks toj

perform in the care of the live stock, and in carrying on farming|

operations, and to this early training he feels he owes much. He

says that the influence of his mother for good was strong and most

particularly so on his moral life. “ I was raised on the Shorter Cate-

chism but my early life was not made irksome, but most happy.”

The books he found most helpful were those he came in contact with

in his studies.

On account of lack of good schools near his home, Mr Smith

often went long distances to obtain an education. He attended

the public schools until fourteen years of age, and then fitted for

college at the academies in York county. He enlisted in the 194th|

Pennsylvania Volunteers in July, 1864, for one hundred days. Enter-j

ing Lafayette College, he pursued studies at that institution, and re-

ceived the degree of A.B. in 1867, and that of A.M. in 1870. In 1862.

Mr. Smith had taught for one term at the public school, and after

graduating from college taught for a year at the academy.

When he was graduated from colle'ge he intended to study medi-

cine but he “received no encouragement and decided upon law.”

In 1868, he began the study of law in Baltimore, ana began to prac-

tice there in September, 1870. There were at that time no law

schools in Baltimore. He was inspired with a desire to excel and

has built up an excellent reputation for integrity of character and

for wide and accurate knowledge of admiralty law. His genial arnl

it

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.218110

bed 9(1 bar. jynsit ji u0(fa tegaeq sa w dî0i8 ,’il/ lo bood-(od ^dTot 8:lsat t:ui oB .rod ^mmao ,^0oila 0 lo S3iea.l kneo ad^

îilm^ no oiU h oj^'s od4 al.anoh^q

yH .shiiax-âm od »M od yhm^. &id4 ol bna êioiJjjtoqo

.laofn bna ^0onj3 as'w boo§ nol wdiom Bid lo o^)nsofi/ix dHi .taxi>

-oiaO jDhOiiS adf do bss.fsi eev/ 1 *' .ylil iîocn ^xi no oa

^'.vqqrjf ifsom dnd .Brno^dd sb^m kJxi sxst/ old rhm rm û4 xnairio

(bhr ioniaoB m &m£i9 od asoxll otow folqlon Jaofa bauol sd &dood oiiT

.: '\h: .sorbu ffe sId fli

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[UH)l f.nU ai hBiaiiaB eH .rjauoo ihoY nl eobnobatva oilj

“i£tla?r .g'/f;b iHnbxii'xf oao lol îb/bni mooXmflo'/ /ifafivlx&xma^

bna Sh aoibula boosioq oii ,o;ôboO

rA 0T8i ni ,IC.A lo âdt box, J081 ni .H.A lo edi boviso

fatlr bo« tUx)do8 oildoq odli/i ntiai.oflo toi Iximue? bfid dlimS .iM

rîiiobjBoa odj dij xj ibl ^duo^'l oôdoo mmi ginijjRubaT^

-iboui vbt/18 oJ bsbr; ilni od o^lloo moil bakiubxirsi m'n ou nodW'’rwf;i noqu êbhab bnxj on bovmoi*‘ ©d jud »nb-o/iiq oj ^B'lG.iddM iii v;x>l 10 y^buXa ©d.) od ,8081 ni

on omil ^fidt in eievr eiodT MXSl \t9dftJBiqBB ai ©ladt ©oil,,

bnxi box© ol ©ligob c riliw. boiiqani e/iV/ ©H .oiomitkil ni aioorfoa

f iiii jsbjdwio lo YibgBfiu lol i:ioiJali/qoi Ixiolbox© na qi/ lliod

Imn kino§ siH rwiji xdmbnba lo B'sbolv/oaA ainwoon bm aibm lol

ROBERT HENRY SMITH 333

affable manner has made him a large circle of friends. The influences

which have counted for the most in his life have been those of homeand contact with men.

Since 1900 Mr. Smith has been professor of admiralty, federal

procedure, and legal ethics in the Baltimore Law School. In 1893,

;Mr. Smith was appointed a member of the Court House Commission,

which built the present city court house. In the same }^ear he became

a member, and is now (1907) president of the board of trustees of

the McDonogh School; in 1896, he was president of the Board of

Supervisors of Election of Baltimore city, and in 1904, he was madea trustee of the Tome Institute at Port Deposit. He is also a direc-

tor of the Third National Bank, the American Bonding Company,

and the Title Guarantee and Trust Company. He is a member of

the Zeta Psi Fraternity, and the University Club of Baltimore.

In politics he is a Republican and was a nominee of that party for

congress in 1894. In religious faith he is a Presbyterian, and he has

had remarkable success in building up and keeping together the

large Sunday School at the Second Presbyterian Church, of which

he is the superintendent. In recent years Mr. Smith has enjoyed the

exercise and amusement of golf. On April 23, 1873, Mr. Smith

married Helen A. Alford. They have had two children, one of whomis now hving.

He says, “My word to young men always is that there can be no

success unless they are faithful and honest. I believe that character

has more to do with a man’s success than his genius.”

1:“ OB ft

HTxMs Ynzan XHaiaoa

^ e»9n3uRn[<>HT lo aloilo spsl s mjî abem aad i^nnism elduBii^^'!;

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biM^sdinto'

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^.li^^'jiio*! J«^»J»*iienp9OT^ lo saJwm a

f>di^^da$ti i&noUAHjM^ edi lo ioi

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bna 4i«‘>iWu^3Hâ 8i grf eoiîloq nl

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nalaH behiam

WILTON SNOWDEN

SNOWDEN, WILTON, lawyer, was born at Annapolis, Anne

Arundel county, on June 5, 1852. He is the son of John

Thomas and ]\Iaria Louise Snowden. His father, a man of

courtesy, integrity and intelligence, was a merchant, and for

some time served in the office of the clerk of the Superior court.

Mr. Snowden's ancestors generally took an active part in the develo{»-

ment of the colony and state. They were represented in the army,

the legislature, and in various other fields of usefulness. His anc('s-

tor, Richard Snowden, of Wales, settled in Maryland in 16G5, an i

owned 10,500 acres of land in Anne Arundel and Prince Georgi'

counties, to which his son added largely. In boyhood, ^Ir. Snowtieri

had good health, living in the city surrounded by the strong influence

of devoted parents. To the delightful atmosphere of his home life,

his mother—a woman of splendid qualities—contributed in no small

measure.

When quite young he took much delight in reading history,

English literature, and popular scientific and philosophical works.

His early education was received at private schools, until he entered

the grammar school and then the Baltimore City college, which at

that time bore the name of the Central high school. In 1869, he

received a diploma from that school, and began active work as a

clerk in the real estate office of Colonel P. M. Snowden, following this

course of action on account of controlling circumstances. The desire

to go through life successfully by the development of his own faculties

in an honorable and useful way was a strong one with him. He feels

that the relative strength of influences on his life was in this order:

first, that of home, and next ‘‘in degrees difficult to differentiate,

an appreciation of good association, study, and contact with men in

active life."

On April 16, 1879, Mr. Snowden was married to Adela B. Vail.

They have had five children, all of whom are living. After aiiuinber

of years, during which he was carrying on business enterprises. Mr.

Snowden pursued the study of law at the University of Maryland.

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WILTON SNOWDEN 335

He devoted his evenings to study; conducted his business interests

in the daytime, and earned the degree of LL.B. at that institution in

1881. Mr. Snowden is the executive of the Baltimore Equitable

Society, probably the oldest corporation in the state, receiving its

charter in 1794. He has been a director in that company for twenty-

five years, and is also a director (and vice-president),of the Central

Savings Bank director and vice-president of the Mercantile Trust

and Deposit Company. He is a director in the National Bank of

Baltimore, and a trustee in several benevolent institutions. In

September, 1903, Mr. Snowden was made president of the Finance

Commission of Baltimore for four years. In January, 1905, he

became first vice-president of the ^Mercantile Trust and Deposit

Company. He is a member of several insurance orders. In politics

he is a Democrat, though he has voted with the Independents on the

good government issue, and on the gold issue. Mr. Snowden is a

vestryman in the Grace Protestant Episcopal church; and is president

of the Board of Trustees of the Samuel Ready school.

;

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'

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WILLIAM WALLACE SPENCEi

Like Mr. Camegie, Mr, Spence came to America to find a

field in which to exercise the business abilities which i*.*

believed he possessed; and, again like the steel king, he

never for a moment permitted his affection for the land of his binkto grow cold. He has been, first, a good American; but next, a loy:;’.

son of the land of heather; and his devotion to either has never hin-

dered him in the one purpose of his life—to be a good citizen of ih*>

world.

William Wallace Spence, the son of Doctor John and Sandi

(Dickson) Spence, was born in Edinburgii, Scotland, on October Is.

1815. His youth was spent in his native city “ fighting and plac -

ing” and enjoying robust health. His mother exerted large iniiu-

ence in the development of his intellect and character. After study-|

ing at the high school of Edinburgh, he began active life as a clerk 1

in a lawA'er’s office. Later he chose a mercantile career, impelled\

by a strong ambition to make the best of life. In his early life in

Edinburgh, which was not then a business town, he found little

opportunity for acquiring a business education. He, therefore,

decided to cross the ocean. He secured a position as clerk with a

Norfolk firm. The bookkeeper for his employers, Messrs. Roi)crt '

Tudor & Sons, had fallen sick and in consequence the firm’s

book-keeping was in arrears, causing the partners a great deal

of uneasiness. Bookkeepers being scarce in the South at that time the

Norfolk firm sent to Boston to secure one to fill the vacancy. It

appeared, however, that Spence had previously familiarized himself

with the books, by keeping a duplicate set of his own, into which he

copied every entry the former bookkeeper had made. He was able,

therefore, to write the books up to date, and surprised his employers,

who at once countermanded the Boston message aiul gave him the

position. Later ho came up to Baltimore and, with his brother,

engaged in a large trade in sugar, coffee and general merchandise,

with the West Indies and South America.

Mr. Spence is a devoted Christian and has been an elder oi tlie

First Presbyterian church in Ihdtimore since 1810. Ho married

i

4

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WILLIAM WALLACE SPENCE 339

Mary Susan Winkley, by whom he had seven children: three are living.

At the organization of the Mercamile Trust imd Deposit Company, Mr.

Spence became its vice-president and continued in that position

until the failure of his eye-sight in 1903. To his financial ability the

company owes much of its early success. Having acquired large

means, through his unusual business abilities, iMr. Spence has been a

very generous donor to benevolent objects, especially to the Johns

Hopkins University, which in gratitude named a professorship for

him, and to the Presb}1;erian Theological Seminary at Richmond,

Virginia. He gave to the City of Baltimore a bronze statue of

William Wallace of heroic size which stands in Druid Hill Park, and to

the Johns Hopkins Hospital a colossal marble statue of Christ byThorwaldsen. ^Ir. Spence has been president of the Board of Managers

of the Presbyterian Eye and Ear Hospital since its establishment in

1877, and treasurer of the Egenton Orphan Asylum since its opening

in 1870. He was president of the Aged Men and Women's Home and

of the St. Andrew’s Society for a number of years. He is a member of

the University' Club and of the Baltimore Whist Club. For several

terms, he served as one of the Finance Commissioners of Baltimore

city.

But any^ attempt to enumerate the services of Mr. Spence, either

to his adopted city' and state or to mankind in general, would only

result in the production of a very inadequate index to an unusually

full and rich life. Mr. Spence has been appealed to many' times by'

the representatives of charitable organizations and societies or of

committees laboring for some public good, and the response has

invariably' been as prompt as it has been unostentatious. His life,

stretching over more y'ears than are usually allotted to man, has been

an honor to the nation that gave him birth and a blessing to the

land of his adoption, and to the state and city in which he has

resided.

WfUJiV/

.gfiivil 9*ff3 rtv^xMir-o ci)V’^s b)‘ri vd n&eu'd

aM ^Yfrr.qnio ) "r-ioqj^cl bitis J"UtT e-liriJ/soifiU :^dt1o noiifismfijjio 5ilj

fioijiw, Iftdi td bx?j;n bar. ia$imrAq-^yjbf bIi amiiotjd aofiaq^

oxiT vlilM/i b:( v.tii gT .S<XM ni &hi lo o^hlinl orfi liJnG

©p*j bGiiupojfj vhiiG J»G doi/frr 5*ov/o y;niiqjno*)

/I fTi'ad $«d ©oiieqB ai4 cM. (iûmdi ê/isom

c , /ol mU olvlir.bmyM ,&lYGidoJm4ovt»iôd ol'xoaob aycnenag

lol i]ef{«toaao'ioxq e biUriAri>bu.dto^, g? iSyw./tmmin'^^m'dqoU

.bnoqnloiH i& vtftni/tioB 1&or|^Glo!>dT GfiiiGrrd^^^'i^ odt o-t bna ^rniif

\o mniMa Gs-«<ntl.

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odi oi îiiaaafd a bna dhid mid ovfiq b:di noiJcn qAj oi lonod aa

exid ad dof'^w xii xiia bnc ojais adi oJ bnl ^noliqob/? aid lo bnal

.bsbiaai

CHARLES H. STANLEY

STANLEY, CHAB-LES H., attorney-at-law, was born at Say-

brook, Connecticut, on October 20, 1842, the son of Harveyand Mary Anne (Kenney) Stanley. His father, an excellent

linguist, a fme orator, and a man of very fine literary attainments,

was a clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal church, and a native

of North Carolina. The family are descended from John Stanley,

-who came to the province of Maryland from England in 1653 aiM

was surveyor of the Province in the following year. Charles H.

Stanley’s great-grandfather, John Wright Stanley, was prominent i’.i

North Carolina in the Revolutionary War; his grandfather was clerk

of the Craven county court in North Carolina for fifty-four yearL

Edward Stanley, member of congress from North Carolina, was a

cousin, and John Stanley, president of the state senate of North

Carolina for many years, was a great uncle. Charles H. Stanley

grew up in the country and, “like most country boys, did all sorts of

work, but was especially fond of flowers and gardening, as I am now.”

He was strong and active, domestic in his disposition, but fond of

hunting and fishing. A common school education at the public

schools, and, at one time, instruction from a tutor in the family were

the sources of his intellectual training and then he began active life

as school teacher in the public schools. He worked as an engineer

on railroad surveys during vacations and “early determined to no

something, to study a profession and get along in life, and. if I cniild

not do what I preferred, do what I could.” Starting with notlhuu'.

Mr. Stanley writes, “my determination and impulse was to muke a

living, keep those dependent on me, and try, at least, to make a

respectable mark in the world. My'horne life taught me that with-

out a home, a man is little more than a brute; private study ha-

taught me that there is no success without application.” He .<er\ ' -l

for three years as a private in Company R, 1st Maryland 1 man try in

the Confederate Army and this service tauixht him a great deal -'i

human nature. After his return to Maryland, he studieil law ar. l

was admitted to the bar of Prince George’s county. As a lawyer.

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343CHAIiLES H. STANLEY

he has found most help from law books, and, next to these, fromworks on mathematics, engineering, etc. He hi^,s also enjoyed the

writings of the standard poets, such as Shakespeare and Scott, andhas been greatly benefited by “the book of ail books—the Bible.”

On November 28, 1871, he was man-ied to Ella Lee Hodges of

Anne Arundel county. She had no children and died October 1,

1881. Mr. Stanley married, secondly, Margaret Snowden, on Sep-

tember 11, 1884, and has had nine children, of whom six are living.

In 1882 he was elected on the Democratic ticket as a member of

the house of delegates. From 1883 to 18SG, he was one of the state

directors of the Baltimore and Ohio Baiiroad . and from 1890 to 1894

he served the town of Laurel as its mayor. He has been a trustee of

the Maryland Agricultural College since 1882, president of the Citizens

National Bank of Laurel since March, 1890, and president of the

Board of School Commissioners of Prince George's county since 1901.

In religious faith, he is a member of the Protestant Episcopal churcdi,

and has been chancellor of the Diocese of Washington and a memberof the standing committee of the diocese since it was organized.

Mr. Stanley is a Mason, being a member of the blue lodge and of the

chapter, has held nearly all the subordinate positions, and has been

master of the Laurel Wreath Lodge and Grand Inspector of the

Grand Lodge. His favorite relaxations are horseback riding,

bicycling, driving a good pair of horses and fishing. Mr. Stanley’s

life has taught him that young men should hlespise not the day of

small things.' GVhatever you do, do it well and with your might'

and ‘act well your part, there all the honor lies’, are good maxims. ”

- “Be true to your God, your country and yourself. Industry, hone.'^ty,

and close attention to whatever comes to hand as a business arc

important and one must never forget that it is the individuals wiio

make up the American people. When a young man starts in liic,

he had best start alone, bide his time, impress upon people liis indi-

viduality, rather than make money at larger pay and be under some

bigger man or corporation.”

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o/no3 ôlmu od bnn yaq Isjj'xal Ja vanom oilam nadl i9(flai ,ylifai;i

'\n0ilaioqiO9 to nam Tag]

MARTIN BATES STEPHENS

Stephens, martin bates. There is no public department

falling under the supervision of State othcials which shouMhave greater care than that of public education. The aver-

age State government spends more money for its schools than for any

other branch of its activity; and from this outlay it is to reap tl.e

largest harvest of strength or weakness, of good or evil that comes t-»

'it. Well-conducted and progressive schools produce a well ordered and

progressive population; and poorly managed and backward educa-

tional institutions are just as sure to reflect, in the course of year^.

their inefficiency, by sending forth a generation of citizens who are

ignorant, lazy and lawless.

The county school system of Maryland for a long time suffered

from a serious disadvantage, namely, its lack of unity. There was

no bond of cooperation between the different counties. There was

no authorized head to the entire system of county schools. It wa'

the recognition of this need of a unifying administrative and execu-

tive head that prompted the establishment of a new department in

the State of Maryland. In 1900 was created the office of State

Superintendent of Public Education.

Early in his administration. Governor John Walter Smith wa>

called upon to make an appointment to this office, and he named

Martin Bates Stephens. So successful was the first incumbent of t!ih

newly created office, that Governor Warfield without hesitation re-

appointed Superintendent Stephens. He has completely revo-

lutionized the various county .systems, and the schools in little town<

and rural sections have been brought to a standard of efficiency that

was hardly expected of the educational institutions in the lariic

cities a decade or so ago.

Martin Bates Stephens was born in Caroline county, on October

5, 1862. His home was near Denton. William Barker Stephens, h.'

father, w\as a farmer and a mechanic, who .served his section in ti e

office of collector of taxes. The family is descended Iroin .I"i :»

Stevens, who came from England to Andover, Massachusetts. wi^-‘

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.o^s oe in 9baDdb a adilio^xiojoO no .Înnoo oniJoiaO ni mod «av/ fim^/lqaig eîaH iiUwiMsif! .*«a7ic|0J8 i&iiinfl coiulliW .coinsa -JBC.ii sew oraorf kIH .2981 ,6'J'lJ ni noiJoae ?id bsvisa orf'ff iDineffosm b bm lesrnc} « w:w .igrfhil'H..I n<n-i b*n<Jo»;if> B? viintjil sriT .sjxnJ \o loJoolloo Io eofflo‘ bff ..-.jJoBtiffsepgcl^ iâvobnA 03 ba^.'jnjl aioil <wniio oiiw ,eti9V9l8

MARTIN BATES STEPHENS 347 1

his brothers, settling there nbout 1 630. The mother of Superintend-

ent Stephens is Mrs. Sanih Ann (Wooters) Stephens.

His boyhood 'svas passed amid rural surroundings. He per-

formed all the little duties which a )ad on the farm iifty years ago was -

asked to do, ranging from milking and tending the dairy, to the

heavier wmrk of farm life. He also found a certain fascination aboutthe blacksmith shop of his father: and he gained physical strength

by laboring at the anvil.

But throughout these years he was developing a taste for duties

different from those of the workshop and the farm. Books of

biography, travel and political economy, were attracting him co the

educational wmrld. Although there were many difficulties in the

way of his obtaining a liberal educotion, he bravely set out to overcome

them. He took the full course at Greensborough Academy and wâs

graduated w'ith distinction.

Entering Dickinson College, he was graduated Bachelor of Arts,

in 18S5. Subsequently his alma mater honored him with the degree

of Master of Arts; and he has received from Washington College the

degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

He began his pedagogical career as instructor in a small county

school, at Burrsville, and later he taught at Greensborough. In 1SS6

he wâs chosen superintendent of the public schools of Caroline county;

and he then removed to Denton, w’here he has since resided. His

work as county superintendent covered a period of fourteen years,

during which time he attracted wide attention by his able adminis-

tration—an evidence of which is found in his election, 1894, as presi-

dent of the State Teacher's Association.

In May, 1900, Dr. Stephens w'as appointed State Superintendent

of Public Education, an office which he still fills. For this post,

(whose duties he has practically defined and established, since he was

the first incumbent and had no precedents in Maryland to guide him),

he wâs peculiarly well fitted. He knew' the life of young people in

the country—tlie boys and girls who w'ere to be traimTd at the insti-

tutions w'hich he w’as to control. He had been a country school

teacher, and from e.xperience knew’ the country teacher’s life, and he

had been for years the superintendent of a county school system, ami

had become acquainted with the details of school life in rural sections.

And, as president of the State Teacher’s Association, and one of its

most active members, he had become intimately associated with the

great body of country school teachers of Maryland.

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348 MARTIN BATES STEPHENS

The full results of Professor Stephen’s administration cannot

yet be seen; but he has done several things that stand out veiy

definitely. The scattered energy which for years prior to his appoint-

ment was working at isolated centers for the children in attendance

at county schools, has been concentrated; and with results of coopcra-'

tion, the more backward schools have made considerable advance;

while the more progressive schools have also found the means of

forging ahead. Conventionality and fogyism have been eliminated

wherever found, and a new life has been given to the school system

of the counties. A new and strong feeling of fellowship has been

developed among the teachers.

Although in his own appointment politics was a secondary con-

sideration, and in his administration the question of politics has been

entirely lost sight of, Professor Stephens was in former years an active

worker in the Democratic party of his county; and for five years,

from 1S90 to 1S95, he wms chairman of the Caroline County Central

Committee. He is a member of the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity, and

also a Mason, holding membership in Temple Lodge No. 12S, A. F. and

A. M. Professor Stephens is a member of the Philosophical Society

of Dickinson College, and is the author of the “Maryland School

Manual,” published in 1902, as well as of various educational reports

and school pamphlets.

JOHN THEODORE STONE

STONE, JOHN THEODORE, of Baltimore, bank officer, organ-

izer of the American Bonding Company of Baltimore in JS95,

and its secretary and treasurer until 1897, organizer of the

Maryland Casualty Company in 1898, and president of that companysince its organization, was born in Baltimore on the 21st of Novemberl859. His father, James Harvey Stone, was an accountant remem-bered for his industry, accuracy and geniality of spirit. He hadmarried Miss Harriet Newell Fusselbaugh.

Mr. Stone’s family are descended from Gregory Stone, of Hert-

ford, England, who came to Waterto\^n, Massachusetts, in 1636.

His descendants have hved at Watertown, Cambridge, Sudbury,

Rutland, and at other places in Massachusetts. Gregory Stone’s

son, John Stone, was one of the prominent founders of the First

Church at Cambridge, Massachusetts, and an officer of the church;

and he was also a member of the Cambridge town council.

Both the paternal and maternal grandfathers of John Theodore

Stone, Jonas Stone and Caleb Wheeler, were soldiers in the Revolu-

tionary War, the latter being one of the minute men in the battle of

Lexington. Harvey Stone, son of Jonas Stone, moved from Mas-

sachusetts to ^Maryland in 1821; and until his death he had charge of

the estate of '‘Harewood,” in Baltimore County— (the property of

an English gentleman, Oliver by name). He established the first

Sunday School in that section. His son, James Harvey Stone, was the

father of the subject of this sketch.

Passing his boyhood in Baltimore, he had good health, was fond

of such amusements and forms of exercise as interest' the average

healthy boy, and was perhaps more fond of reading than are most

boys. His mother was a woman of exceptionally strong character

and of deep though unassuming piety. He counts the unconscious

influence of her consistent example, the most potent force for good

in his life.

Trained at the public schools of Baltimore, he attended the Balti-

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-wkr/aS w4 fli awildoa oraw ,tahMV ,-Jated b«« snoJfe saaoL .onolSio ailfad odd nl «9<n ©looim arft Jo orto jiibd v»t)r,! 9rfJ .-leW vianoid.-asK aipilvfaavoiii ,9X1018 annqljlo ooe .snorS -voviaPl .nolgnixoJlosgifixla baiiarf xi-jaot. gid liJxi» biic id b^kialf. oi eijaaudonaio xhaqoxq 9rij)-~v.Jxiuoy aiocnbUa m \boovweH" lo ainiza ad)Jeift 9xJl barf*i!cixT*?-.9 sH .(o/nBxi la rilO .nexrwllflaj! iJgifgoa xusoriJ 8fl7x ,9no3g-i9vxaH eaiaal ,no8 «iH .xtoijsas JmfJ ni Jooiio8 Yaboofe

-doJaii? ftiifj Jo loa^tJoa 9xf,t Jo TOdJaJbfloi 8SW ,d)kad boon, faml axl .aiomiJlxitt ni booiho') md gniaiaq9gflT9yfl adi')?.a-!aiai ea azioiay.a Jo gxrnoJ fine etnimgaume xfou* JoIgojii a\R xiflxfl gnibeai Jo bnoJ 9wm gqRxfiaq ecw bna ,xo<J vxfjtasxll

sxtotiB xHc/ioiJqasza Jo aamovx a amt igdJora aiH'

.rrodfii/oiaaaooxiu 9 x1} a7xi»03 yH .yJaiq goimUalanH dûod) qgob Jo baa.. 003 TOi saioJ IqsJoii jsoxn sdl .alqmaji'y InoJaknoa i9x{ lo oongnam

9111 am miâJI 9 (fJ babngjla gtf ,9ii>rai7fcfl 16 afooxfoa oirdixq arfj )a figniaiT

352 JOHN THEODORE STONE

more City College: but early in the year in which he was to havegraduated, he gave up a course of study, to engage in business.

On August 13, 1874, he began business-life in the office of a

flour jobbing house, a position which was offered him without solici-

tation by the head of the lirm. His parents gave him his choice to

continue at school or to work; and he chose business at once. Heremained with this firm until 1880. Between 1880 and 1890 he wasengaged m the business of packing fruits, vegetables and oysters;

first as an employee and later on his own account. He then took a

place in a bank, hokilng it for four years. In 1895 he organized the

American Bonding Company of Baltimore, and was at once madethe secretary and treasurer of the company, holding that position

through 18v}7. In 1898 he organized the Maryland Casualty Com-pany and becoming at once its president he has managed the affairs

of that important corporation until the present time. From 1883 until

until 1898 he was secretary of the Clifton Building Association. Heis president of the National Board of Casualty and Surety Under-

writers and he is treasurer of the Charity Organization Society.

He has never sought political office; but he seeks to discharge

the duties of a good citizen by reading and studying public questions

and by quiet discu.ssion of political measures and candidates with

his friends in the effort to promote the public welfare. He is a mem-ber of the finance committee on public improvement.

On the 5th of January, 1882, he married Clara May Brinton.

They have had seven children, all of whom are living in 1907.

From 1879 to 1882 he served in the 5tli Maryland regiment of

militia. He is identified with the Republican party. He is a mem-

ber of the Maryland Historical Society, of the Sons of the American

Revolution, of the Merchants Club, and of the Union League Clul).

He is a Mason.

By religious conviction he is identified with the Methodist Episco-

pal Church, and he has served for some fifteen years as a steward in

that church. He is now superintendent of the Monument Street

Methodist Episcopal Sunday School. Asked for his favorite sport,

amusement, form of exercise, or mode of relaxation, he says: 1

find my greatest relaxation in my library at homo, with my wite and

children around me.''

To his younger fellow-citizens of the State who wish f(W true

succe.ss in life he offers this advice: “\oimg people evcrywln ie

JOHN THEODORE STONE 353

for real success need the old-fashioned principles of earnestness,

truth, . honor, purity of thought, speech and action, and industry.

It is not so much a question of what they should know, but rather

it is a question of will they do as well as they know.’'

Mr. Stone’s residence is Yincko Hill, Towson, Maryland.

JOHN TIMOTHY STONE

Bringing to his strong mental equipment a delivery that is

forcible and eloquent, and aiming constantly to elevate menby lifting their burdens, rather than by directing their

thoughts to the cares that weigh upon them, iMr. Stone has carried

on with remarkable success the work begun by his predecessor at

Brown i\Iemorial Church. He came to a charge which had been led

to expect great things of its pastor, a charge which had, in a measure,

been '‘spoiled for the commonplace” by the admirable endowmentsof its pastor. Mr. Stone was, therefore, placed in an exacting })0^i-

tion. But he soon convinced the community that the characteristics

which had made Dr. Babcock so great a favorite, were also part of

his natural equipment. His labors in Baltimore have been a con-

tinuation of the success begun by Dr. Babcock.

John Timothy Stone was born in the town of Stow, now known

as Ma^mard, Massachusetts, on September 7, 1S6S. His father,

Timothy Dwight Porter Stone, was a Congregational clergyman

of note, who had filled pastorates in various parts of Eastern NewEngland, and took a great interest in educational work. His mother

w'as Mrs. Susan Margaret (Dickinson) Stone. He traces his earliest

ancestors in the United States to Reverend John Stone of Hartford.

Connecticut, who was the son of Reverend Samuel Stone of Herford.

England. Reverend John Stone came to this country in 1630 ainl

was associated with Reverend Thomas Hooker in Hartford. J*din

Timothy Stone is the fourth Reverend Timothy Stone in the tlirert

line, and is descended from a long line of ministers on his motlicr.''

side as well. All have been either Congregational or Pre.sbytcrian

clergymen.

Mr. Stone lived in a village, for the first five years of his litc: tlicn

his parents moved first to Springfield, Massacluisctts, ami later to

Albany, New York. He had a healthy constitution, and was alwa>s

fond of outdoor sports, and the study of nature. Owing to his lather s

poor health, he was early forced to assist in tasks about tlte home, and

was always interested in earning something during school da\s.

4&

r-'

m

i-

tfiH^ ‘{isyilob i5

^V.^m oîiYal^- ^:§j[iileuB ‘h^

'ttoqa ' fekfanodJ'vM>S' r W' .'r^ J I ,J' r /.•

in. al,Oi&xDSin;'»t ^î;^N^• xio-,^

W' 'biii\‘iioiflvy';damd'& ^ xS"mm^ IM îl's)imiD'

' ^- 4ti >*'- '>*

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,ai^8i!9x« jsJ&l 4 ,io3^q aisnidf

I c)cm«i7/dl>ao

-hoq mUoaz& n^bXK)iife .iliC” ,io^«4q aw

87j)anat5fli4i?jf^«>jrf^ Wwfl xâwmiaoo bsoatvfloa aooa dxywH âo<ir>

mq :pab-@?i9W afeaat baH^doid'^^;

ndDd^QV&d S2q(rtiik£l^ ni aidd&iâtH|j

aid

Mi^v mji,i&^C^î^'’-'^^Xi a«a9d^^3raii,9iJi lo mUeuaiinv/oad won ,wpi8 lo 9d(t jii mod saw 5nat8 vdlomxT'ndol

na«^;iîoio^ a^'aaw ydômiT

'^v/oK^malaaJi'lO' eliaq^B'0|hay io,

'’iotljotn liH ,Hdio7/ ai4îitnr^^^ dool

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.biolhailclo oflotfe mio^%nm0^-9H. oj 49)^18 m mok^pm I

,'bto1h9H 1o^9ii'o^8i»iia848d>fi9^ k>

bm? OSdi ni viintfoo' au!l c^ oxnaS Snocfe njfiol|fofisi9V9H \bfialg‘o3[

‘i m‘ôoH: eaModT fonîoyoH'^diW.food/d,^^

©ili ydiomiT iTmiBy^Sl dJiixcd od^t ai »«otB

h*i9djdla "'eirf ao mjdainim lo sflifîiol a moil b9b«'i9©9b w id'i«

/mmjydasi^ lo Iflnoiia;^9i|no0 isdlia ii99d ayad ilA^

âa sbia^

:,:.i£2/ ^ B î.

" ®'lifill'i i&4J®S!Ri '‘.narti^taisb' ' A'

il? S^ ^ 1VCf y^fii ,

noxij ;dlxl eld lâiaoy avft to^ ,93^fliliv a ^ jJL

^ 01 i^Jr{ ,blal5isnh<|8 iaîTbavom ejamaq eid-^

avcy/3a gr// Jbna^^ vd^laad a'l>jri eH fCdioY wa'4 ^yaadlA

X qS ^fiiv/O lo ^boia srii bnâiioqinF^ lo baol

bm; .amod odl vâoda eAtni ni Jeiaaa\>l byriol yhaa aavr ed .dîaad looq ^

.ayab ioodoa i«hap jjaifUofnoa ni..batsorrstat, ayr*

8fiW

M

JOHN TIMOTHY STONE 355

Though not a great reader, he was fond of popular history and fiction.

In his boyhood, he developed a passion for reading the Bible, andearly home surroundings were conducive to the development of the

very best qualities of a boy’s nature. His mother was a woman of a

strong character, and his father held up to him pure, high ideals.

These influences, together with the religious instructions which he hadreceived from the teachers and ministers with whom he came in con-

tact, were the strongest forces which spurred him to enter the pro-

fession of minister of the Gospel. With particular strength, was felt

the Christian influence of Doctor Charles Wood, who was his pastor at

Albany, and of President A. V. V. Raymond, now of Union college,

who succeeded Doctor Wood.

Mr. Stone received his elementary education in the public schools

of Albany, New York, and at the Albany Boys Academy. He then

entered Amherst College, from which he was graduated in 1891. Hesubsequently attended Auburn Theological Seminary until 1894. Hewas ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in Albany, New York, in

May, 1894. About this time he was urged by circumstances and

natural ability to enter the business world. Through the death of a

friend, a lucrative and promising opening was presented; but, when the

real test came, the decision was made for the work of the ministry.

Mr. Stone began his ministerial work at Olivet Presbyterian

Church, in Utica, New York. In December, 1896, he was invited to

fill the pulpit of Lire Presbyterian church of Cortland, in the same

State. He continued here until February, 1900, when he was called

by the congregation of Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church to

become its pastor. He was inclined to shrink from accepting the

call to so large a field of labor, but was convinced by the persuasive

words of Doctor Babcock, his predecessor, that it was a service to

which the Divine Will had called him.

^Ir. Stone has always been interested in the subject of oratory.

He was the class orator at Amherst in 1891 ;and at Auburn Theologi-

cal Seminary he was, in 1894, one of the commencement honor

speakers. He takes much i iterost in out-of-door sports, and, while at

Amherst, was manager of the football team. His favorite forms of

e.xercise are tennis and golf. He is a swimmer of skill and endurance,

and a patron of the piscatorial sports, liking best, trout fishing in

mountain streams.

Mr. Stone was married, on November 28, 1895, to Miss Bessie

5^ yHTOTÎT VlIIOl.

aol)‘n) h *ieli.(qo<| lo brtoVecv? ari xi ion dsworfT

b«B odj lol noieîiq i: baqolavifb ad ^hoodvod aid nl

adi lo liv MT/qolavob od) oi aviaxibaoo oiav/ ejjnihm/otûs smodB }o ncntov? fl aow 'lodlotn sill *9ai».;;;n a'yod r io aahtlljjup ieed yi9v

dgii{ ,9'ii/q friid oi qu biad lodtisrlt ^-id bfir. ^loiDs^Jiido gnoiia

bnd ad rioidw amdtoinianl aaO£!§ii*n -)d) riJiv/tadlago^ <sa'J£ioullni oasdT

-fioo ni ad axodw diiV gnsdeirfln bfra ^rndDnys edJ xnoil Laviaoai

"Oiq adi laina oi mid ba^niiqa daidv/ eaoiob iiiiagno'ua arfi 9i9w îoai

ifal r.ii'fi .di'^naiis lalyvitinq diiVr J^KfsoO adt To taiainiin lo xioxsa^l

ie lOMaq aid gjjv/ odv/ d>ooVI aaii^dr) toiooG kx aaaoudni iiBiiaiidD odi

,oâIlo9 /foiaU lo won ,biioniYiilf .7 *7 .A inabiae*!^ lo bna ,ynfidlA

J>oo7/ tojooG bsbooooixa od /f

tukvodoa aiia.k^rq odi ql xioi JfiooLa yiBkraot'îa si(i bavilbai 9noi8 .iK

na.di oH .ym9i>i5oA ayoG yn^dlA adi ban /Aioi wo>l ,ynBdIA lo

oH JOBf (li baiBWbietT: hirw od d mo d /:»3Sjo{k>3 tfe-iodmA boioina

, oH ibbty vi^m^ laaigoloaiiT aiwdoA babnaiia ylinot/poadua

ni,>!ioY 7/?>Z ,ynBdlA ni yiiainim ajj oi boainbio ahw

- biu^ aaaxitiamiioiio yd baigiy âd ofnil aidi fuodA ,y£K

B it> dloab adi drôomiT .bhov? oxli loirco yiilida iB-itiiAn

odJ nadw,jifd : boinoaoaq ;^ximaqo ^jnlafmoTq bne ovitxnouf fi .bnahl

.y-jjainim orfi lo iyo'w odt lOl ab^m :?oiaioob odi ôfnxsa laai Iboi

a.«mTyd09id ao/iiO ia diov/ bihaJckimi aid fjnoife .il4

ol baiiyni &x:v/ad.008J .19(11X1009(1 nl .'/hoY rreVl .aoirj ni .doindO

omna tnij fd ,brtftfhv>3 lo Tioiifdo n«iioivdfeoYl oui lo iiqloq ad) lid

.ballco on nivdv; ,(>00f ^yicmdo I liiiu; oiarf f>ai/nitnoo aft .ata’iS

oj d:)iod3vnahoiyd' : iid lahonioU nrotG lo xioi)a:!â*i5inop ad) yd

odi ^niK|oooi.' moil dxn;ida a) boxilbiu ax: .7 oH .lolauq g)i anioosd

3Yi?4U/2ioq od) yd booar/noo aa/; )od /io<j,<d lo hhd a agial oa o) Heo

o) ooirifva a emw it tad) ^ToagooD))fn<i gij{ .^hooci ifl loJooCI lo abiuw

Miiri' bailao bed liiVAonfvKI ad) doidw

.VTOtuio lo ivafdii?' ad) ni bcdeôioini u'x'xl ayev/Ia e.x‘.d ono)8

•igoloailT mixUoA jx*. b/iB ;10dl ni )3i ubnA )a io)aio asalo ad) «B'w oHlonod inanioxnouunoo od) lo ono ,M*H1 ni ,»e*w ^d vienun^ lao

^Ja ‘did// Jm/i ,K?Toq^3 iooi>liWiionI iciiatri rlotrmRad/j) all ,aiO'Acoqa

^lo Jr-miol otnoY..’: :U nneo) I'ladtool od) lo ioîurmn aaw ^taiadmA

,ooxiamjl>na biM fiida lo ioinmi//=i /» ai all bna ainno) 9ia âioiazo

ni :^nided riatKl l^nidirêt’joqs iaho)ao»iq axi) lo noi)sq a bna

.exnadita nbilnuom^7- aifi'SidI feiU ot ,C}8f .8S! *iodm9vo'4 no ,bohiam fjt// snojg .lU.

356 JOHN TIMOTHY STONE

Parsons, daughter of Reverend Henry 'SI. Parsons, D.D., of KnoxChurch, Cottage, Toronto. They have two daughters. Although

Mr. Stone, with the duties devolving upon him as a pastor of a larLre

church and as the father of a family, is a very busy man, he manaizes

to snatch sufficient time to write an occasional article, essay, or poem

for religious magazines and papers. He is in demand for public

addresses in other cities, and particularly before Young Men’s Christ-

ian Associations.

TIAaJLx^ ^ .

HERMAN STUMP

IT is a mooted question whether the Stump family in Marylandcame direct from Prussia or from England. The Crest of the

family, a Griffin’s head (see Burke’s Peerage), was used by the

early settlers here; and John Stump’s estate in Maryland was called

“Stafford,” after Stafford, in Staffordshire, England.

William Stump moved from North Nibley, Gloucestershire, to

Malmesbury, Wiltshire, prior to the reign of Henry VII. Henry YIII,

in lo4o granted ail the property of the Benedictine Monks at Malmes-

bury, (an ancient monastery, an abbey and several thousand acres

of land) to William Stump, who used much of the material of the mon-

astery in building houses and improving the town. He erected a

house for himself, known as the “Abbey House.” Cut in the stone

over the arched doorway is the Coat-of-Arms of the Stump family.

The abbey he gave to the citizens as a place of worship. A visit to

these beautiful ancient ruins, dating from the year A. D. 700, and

completed in the twelfth cc^ntury, amply repays one.

William Stump’s eldest son. Sir James Stump, left one daughter,

Elizabeth, who mariied Sir Henry Knevett. One of their daughters

married Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk, and by her he acquired

Charlton;, Park, the seat of the present Earl of Suffolk and Berks.

Herman Stump was born August 8, 1S3G at “ Oakington,” an

estate on the Chesapeake Bay, in Harford county, inherited from

his grandfather, John Stump of Stafford. His ancestors in the fourth

degree, John Stump with his wife, Mary, (persons of wealth and cul-

ture), came to Maryland about the year 1700, and purchased lands

near the present town of Perryville, Cecil county, where he died in

1747. Henry Stump, his son removed to the valley of Deer Creek,

now' in Harford county; he married Rachel Perkins, and is the ances-

tor of the John H. Price, Judge of the Judicial Circuit Court of Ihdti-

moie, Cecil and Harford counties; of Henry Stump, Ex-judge of the

Criminal Court of Baltimore city; and of Frederick Stump, E.x-

judge of the First Judicial Circuit of Maryland. John Stump, the

great-grandfather of Herman Stump, married Hannah, daughter of

a

m-'^t

SMUT8 KAMSHHiij ^îiitiiil qnniiiB ‘i&dfmh/ tjoijâup i)!9ô^ ai TY

Atfi >0 589i0 »dT i>rmjtjii3 moil %0 iîeûi3 :tooilb eanao ISflJ' yd baaif m^r ^(9g£toa3 eV>iii;H 9o«) bfc^d ?M31riO ti p{Iiraa1

“®"

«fiwJaaaf'{ijsM iii otiiiao fe'qrai/iS ariol |>itii tsia/i aialiJsa

i>xi/J§fui ,97;xiabioTlx;j8 fu\b*ioBji^R aaila ‘^;bioHal8‘

of ,9'uihri3f(i'30iJcAD jiioil hovom qmuJ8 mnUllV/,lli f Yimll .11/ y'maH lo xijsm odf of tobq vîHaliiW p/ii/da9/nf/ilil

-c^mihiM SJi adxtoM 9iiiX’jii)9a9^1 'id U« beJnxnj bl^6I fli

BDTjft tnMUodf Idiovoa bn* vswidB nii .^{rofrfiiiiom ixiohcu) an) ,vwc-aom Qiii }o Mvijnm 3df lodoum 1>9?X' odw ,qrniji8 oiailliVA (foaxil li

15 I)9tqcri9 sH ,awo) Mfft âivoiqfni baft aâaod ’t^nibiitid ni

eaoia edj ai 4aO v^ddk ^* ^d4 tn §woad ,M9ainid lol ûon^^lknjfj.1 qniiiiS odi lo 8fn|A-lo-4iCoO oift ai ^xn/idob b^do'ifi arft lavc

o4 Sist/ A .qideiow lo a*o/dq a ns. 9fl4 oj 9vug od '{edda sjII

baiJ ,00^4 .G ,A 7M$x moit îmb >Bium tashaa lalhunod saodf

^ .ozo ^xzq&i ylqfm dlJi9*;y4 sxli ;fi bsisiqrnon

9no tbf qrrru t8 a^mal *1 i8 , noa .ta^hls B'qmufd mcHIiWisi&fiip/sb ’mdj lo 9XiO odv/ ,d49d/isii3

bîiiipoo erf 19x1 y<t hnn lo hij3 ,hi«v/‘oH a^modT hehiiifo

.adi9^brfu jIloBaB ‘io h/j3 9di ’io 4iioa s>d4 nothadCl

fi-a '\xjo4:gnidijO ‘*4xj *8 mod bi: // qmufS arnmeH

laoil bojh^dm .yfmj0 *j bjohsH al ^xÛ. ^noqxisndO $di no 9 )j?)as

dtiwol edl ni aio4eooxix; eiH ,b*ioBi^j8 lo qmi/43 ndol ^loxiJjilbnjiis aid

•bio bill; dflnoy lo anoaioq) ^bUjv aid dfry qrnnf& adol,9^x30!^

abn/il boaado'ijpq biTu *0071 nsiox 9dT luodii bnijlYinM o4 emaa *(9iw4

nJ bo/b od 91 oilv/ IbdO ,9lii/vno3 lo nyo) jnsaoiq od4 lasn

t/IaoiO looCMo Y'jlbiv orli 0) bovomoi noa aid ,qmut8 ’înoH .Tt*Tl

-eoona sd) ai hna bdoaH bomam ^d jvjni/oi biohaH ni won*i4b,^no huoO JOiO'xiO laioibnl odi lo ,9 uiG .H ndol odl lo loi

^«di •: i^bixi-:!/] ,qfnu48 X'JnoH lo -sdiJ/nioa biohaH bna liosO ,9;om

,qmMi8 >fohsboi3 lo ban ;*^Jh oiomixlaH lo iiiioO lanimhDsiU ,qmiii8 aiioi, Anudx’tsU lo lii/oiiO inhlLisl 4aii3 odl lo o^bu{Jîaldgtfiib dannaH bohiaaf ^q5mrj8 nafinoH lo ledlalbnai^-laîsi

a,'' ,v.l'l

... .r Ai

360 HERMAN, STUMP

William Husband; in 1790 he removed to Harford county. Ho t!;.i

in 1797. John Stump, the grandfather of the subject of this skot. ;;

was born April 19, 1753, and married, October 3, 1779, Cassank.'-..,

daughter of Henry Wilson, a Quaker of much influence, noted f >r

his patriotic zeal during the Revolution, a member of the Commit u .-

of Observation of his native country, and conspicuous in colloctinj

and forwarding supplies for the relief of the people of Boston diirii!-

the blockade of the English Squadron. He and John Archer, M.]),.

(several of whose decendents intermarried with the Stump familv .

W’ere chosen in 1776, by popular vote “Electors of a Senate of Har-

ford County. ’’ John Stump, after acquiring by his industry

enterprise, an estate which at that time was considered large, die

at his residence, “Stafford,’’ near the mouth of Deer Creek, in isi*'.

leaving each of his eight children wealthy. His son, John Wil'fii

Stump, father of Herman, besides being engaged in agricului^’ai

pursuits, was the head of an extensive commercial firm in Baltimoriv

Mr. Stump, returning from France in 1814, while the British fleet wa-

in the Chesapeake Bay, barely escaped capture; but he reached Balti-

more city in time to participate in its defence, acting as aide-de-camp

to General Strieker. He married January 14, 1814, Sarah, daughter

of Colonel James Biays, a prominent shipping merchant of Baltimore.

It is a coincidence that the Honorable Herman Stump recovered by

Act of Congress in 1905, for the estates of John Stump and James

Fk.ys, his two grandfathers, compensation for vessels of each cap-

tured by the French in 1798-1800, known as the “French Spoliation

Claims.”

The subject of this sketch, after acquiring a classic education,

studied law with his cousin, Honorable Henry Wk Archer, in Bel

Air, Harford county, Maryland, where he was admitted to the bar

in 1856. He rapidly rose in his profession, securing a large practirc

within a few years. Mr. Stump’s sympathies, during the \\ ar. were

with the South. He has always taken a deep interest in pul ’e-

affairs, and exerted himself in advancirrg the principles of the l)i‘m<’-

cratic party. Being devoted to his profession, he never aspired to

office until he was elected in 1877 a Senator of the State of Maryland,

by a large and complimentary vote of the people his native count >•

In 1879 he was selected to preside over tlie Democratic State Con-

vention. In 1880 Mr. Stump was elected president of the .Maryland

Senate, and for the dignity, ability and tairness which chara<'t('i i. ^ i

HERMAN STUMP 361

his administration of that office, received the thanks of ali parties

and a handsome testimonial of their appreciat'on of the manner in

which he had discharged his duties.

In ISSS he was elected to the Fifty-first Congre.ss of tbe United

States, by a majority of over two thousand, and he served on tbe

Committee of Immigration and Naturalization, under a concurrent

resolution of the senate and house. With a sub-committee he went

(in Novenber. 1S90), to the Pacific Coast, for the purpose of investi-

gating the immigration of Chinese to this country, and to inquire

what further legislation, if any, was desirable on this subject.

During the next congress he prepared and reported tiie bill for

the exclusion of the Chinese immigrants. It was finally reported

by the House Committee on Foreign Ailairs, and became the law,

known as tlie “Chinese Exclusion Act.’' He was reelected to the

Fifty-second Congress by a majority of over five thousand, and was

appointed chairman of the Committee on Immigration and Naturali-

zation. He prepared and secured the enactment of the Act of 1S93,

regulating foreign immigration to the United States, known as the

Stump Act. Upon his retirement from congress, President Cleveland

appointed ^Ir. Stump superintendent of immigration in order to

carry into etfect the laws he was instrumental in having enacted.

He remodeled the bureau of immigration and established stations

with inspectors at various sea-ports of the United States, and on the

boundaries of Canaj"' and ^lexico.

On December 7th, 1S93, at Montreal (with the acquiescence of

the Canadian government), he entered into an agreement with the

foreign steamship lines entering Canadian ports, and with trunk line

railways running west by which United States inspectors were allowed

to inspect immigrants proceeding to the United States, at Cbic'dec . and

all stations along the border between the two countries. He visited

the various European ports, making arrangements to prevent the

sailing of undesirable immigrants. He established a modus vivendi

with the Italian government through PremiorCrispi. and sifi^sequently

the Marquis Riuleni, and also with Ihiron Hirst, tor the sending of

Jews to the Argentine Republic instead of the United States. Ry act

of Congress, the title of his olfice was changed to “ Commissioner

General of Immigration.”

Mr. Stump was a zealous worker in Congress, ever attentive to

his duties, devoting himself to national legislation arul to the private

i

m mwwxrtnMAuasm

^ ,V

i !U 1<* aslxi^j dr/jdj ô i^'>l)£iJn:iaifabJt a1/ fli ndiiaiaowiqa tiad^ 1o lainomita^j Mmoahnud

.j M ammmM Mfr9 iih wmm a rv ^ «««-•«* ji _ ,Nb 4k.’

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V.'IA ’ -t: - ~.,

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oôoH o/fJ ôdt oi! bob^^9i’' aii''i!ff9H’'‘’*^-^-*’»ioA'''’oa »a n^,*od t"^: bob^(p.’ a^T^^H’:' '^5i/i

^ ^ b9tn^<5

boiijqo^joH . aoitJ

-i^0is|ayolD noqU foA qerjoj

; boinioqij

Ijt:^ p)ni;aopfi4vb ‘bo'/M’4a:tei>|îta: ;0p^ bofolaoniOT oJ

bdlifllj o4^ lo ajioq-i»ft ajjohft îojooqani Sir

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'if^>'-^'^' lO’ i-Ynabissm

^ ^0 e9^9?oa/po;: Ilf nO ^

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'^^^t^^'''bfx^m od ,,’(i«omm97oj|^ it/;ibi}aaO: o/i

9^tt' rfas^';fi's/ljbr, I>oij qifbrodofa n^jmt

^4 'Jao?f..:^nffraj^ e’âwliiB

r^4i ai snib99:K>iqiiitr.T5jmaii iooqefiio

1% botbfT oji^ odj^ 9dt :^fiob i'.noficHritl

M ^ wna^niiia'' iifioqoiiiH^ ûohav| eil

ii^r'ô SfldlBi

! inimirtlvai^n/iiiail odldiiv^}o gfiibn^ nqiftH diiw oaifljiaflO ',inoboXl aiupinV. 9<f

r ^‘ ^ odi lb bnolnm o/ldixjeî bniinojiiA odt ol av/pl

: 9llij 9rfJ ,j-.soisrto'J i!

'- ’ .4..iik|,

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rnoii?nsi£niar^1o ' ^..kt’?:aii^

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^»V9 î?.9i3ao;^jnP^ a>a/^ qimiiB .iM .

floiiakfôidiinoitfin o) lloamiri ^nilovob .loijwb ei

r'‘'~f .-'. vo r. jt^- .«n v , a> • ii. - ma iTiiM mii

362 HERMAN STUMP

interests of hi? constituents; and as Commissioner-General of Imri;i-

gration he discharged his duties to the entire satisfaction of theprivs-

dent and secretary of the treasury, and of all who came in conia* ’

with him. He remained in oflB.ce until August, 189G, after the incoir.-

ing of Mr. Mclviniey’s administration, when he tendered his resig-

nation, and returned to his home (known as “ Waverly”), Harforu

county, Maryland and resumed the practice of his profession.

Mr. Stump remained a bachelor until June 3, 1903, when ho

married Mary Fernondez de Velasco, who was descended on her

father’s side fronri an old and illustrious family of Spain, by that namt*.

and from Admiral de Velasco, who, for his bravery and valor w;.-

created Duke of Frias by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, a:i :

on her mother’s side from the Haldanes of Scotland, who trace the.;-

ancestry in a direct line back to 1070, and whose kinsman, Richaid

Burdon Haldane, is now (1907) Secretary of State for War in ila.-

British Cabinet.

Mr. Stump is a member of the Episcopal Church. He is oik-

of the board of \dsitors of the Maryland Asylum and Training School

for the Feeble Minded; he is a member of the Maryland Club and other

social societies; and he belongs to the Masonic Fraternity.

i

sag

ful to (pAsaaEJ-wnofeHomo':) flis.Uaa u.» »y to lOtamiai

'..vi-idt 9ii>rt0 !>rfi OJ lioitiib y.Ui BoiOst^

i’.Jw*»»'Oi 9m«3 otlw ito to bnr. sriJ to b--» Jnab

,j8tf3uAutouo3fflonibMtota9T^9F' .enHriiro

. ..-..i

~' Kfj-al.r'oi sil aer!’^ ,(!oii.«tetotrab/t vito to^flt '

:

^nolwH nwoivl) .’id ot !tonw;tor baa ^Mi&a

.floiaastoiq siii to foi.isftKii «lJ iotsiissa baa biwi.'v^aM <vtjiBob

:, ! ;! )dv? ,gO0t 9fl«v !iriUJ loJailaBcf « bantoaj;« c'aioJB .iM,

-til ijo tebftooaai) i.~'b odv/ .invanbY »fc sabnom^'d v"alY b^rnain

/„n.;u tttii 7d jmqS to 'iiaaa’ RHohiswlit bna Wu na CT^Yi s'WJ^al

n:-» loiftv fajvii vwviidiijd -sol ,,oivr ,09a£'ciY 3b laiiml'A. tow'l bea

; •:!uJ;}l9dB»tn39«pbna buaailrt'J^ S»j/I vd eanY to biufi baJftaia

;i «U ‘(SftiJ oil-w ^L«al}»'>8 to eautiinH aill tiTO’i'i abfe p'-imiiota isil a»

oaori'H bria ,«Tt)l oj -AoBd »nil Iwiib n fli -nfeMfla

,;m fli -lisV/ 'lot 0mH to v«to.'39S (iO*!!) VTOfl Bi iiobtna

.laiiidaO ri“lma

.f»«n ai sH,.dwailO ieqoaeiqS 9di to tadrrlsm a si

,

qcciito* ..il'i

^

looilo?. antiik-sT biic bfielw-Wi sdi to aiMieff io bii;^ stoi to ;

tsrijo fafiB didO biicl'CioM aili to ;!9d(n9iH * si od ;fo9b«il( sld'js'i arfi lot

.•{(iBtaJBi'i oiflossM adi oJ Bgiiolsd ar! hae ; 8<>i}M3oa Isisoa

Ji?| yMf'U'tiii'

m'i

it.'*

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^ ^’I' y-*-<««'ai4'*. j'LaUfti.ii

-i.to V

HATTERSLY W. TALBOTT

Talbott, HATTERSLY W., attomey-at-law, was born in

that part of Anne Arundel county now included in Howardcounty, on August 26, 1842. His parents were Edward

Alexander and Mary Jane (Wareham) Talbott. Edward A. Talbott

was a merchant, who served as sheriff of Howard county. He was a

quiet, unobtrusive, business man, who stood high in the estimation

of his fellow citizens for uprightness of character, honesty and

sterling worth. TJie first of tlie family in the Province of ^laryland

was Richard Talbott, who married Elizabeth, daughter of iMajor

Richard Ewen, and settled on West river in Anne Arundel county,

in 164S or 1640. He was possibly one of the Puritans, who came from

Virginia, but shortly became a Quaker, and the family were Quakers

for several generations.

Mrs. Talbott, mother of Hattersly, was a good, religious woman,

whose influence was of great benefit to her son. He was a healthy

and robust lad, fond of reading, especially works on history and

biography, spending his- youth in and near the village of EllicotPs

Mills, now lilllicott Ci. c. Though his father was of limited means, he

gave his son every opportunity to acquire an education. He at-

tended several preparatory schools, among them one kept by Rev-

erend 'Cyrus Huntington, a Presbyterian minister at Ellicott City,

and the Howard Latin school, where he was taught by the Honorable

A. Leo Knott, now of Baltimore. He then entered St. John's

college, at Annapolis, but left during his junior year in May, 1861, as

the college then closed, on account of the opening of the Civil War,

and did not reopen until the close of that great conflict. Feeling

that he ought to relieve his father from any further e.\])en.se on his

account, he began teaching school in Howard county, and. at the

same time, began to read law. He continued to tcaich from Sei)tem-

ber, 1861, to F(*bruary, I860, when he went to Parkersburg, West

Virginia, as clerk in a real estate office and bookkeeper in a large

flour mill, and so continued until December, I860, keeping up his

legal studies meanwhile.

TTOaJAT .W YjaaaXTAHm aiofi.etiw 7<WH3TTAH JTOnJAni^hifi7/oIi ill bsbifl^rts won vjnuoo hhuu iJ. %'iaA n/iq 5

stow eiH M 7mûA ao ,vtouoo

tyjoiJbT .A L'txi YbH ttodiiiT (mxiilsiiiVO soal bn« lobnuzsIA”1^ w sH .yjrwoo bi/jv/oH lo Biis/ia bsytsa oflv/ j/inthiofa n aisv/

fioiJAmijfss jT( d;!îd booia odt^ ,a«)in aasxdiu:iJ .sviaiJiJ^ ,jsii;p

biift viesnod lo lol ?.ns:ybs v/oUsl aid \o

bituh%nll io osntWi'i sd;i ni vlhiiiiV sdJ k> )atiT SflT .ilnoy; gnihsja

lo ,xi)sd7isiL'*I bmtmn oiiv/ ’^.tJodf/./f ioialsIH efiw

,yjiwm hbnmk mxnk m tsvh 3aj’// no bofâ-M Inui LiXidoLH.

ôiotl tfffiAs odw ,BxtiiJi ty/i sdl lo hj^w sii Jll 01 lo 81-01 nr

«TSi(xu;p YjifTi^l adj bnxj îsv^yp x5 matiaeJ '(Ino/la iud ,/iinigtiY

> ^ .aaoiixiisno;^ Imsvsa lol

^nft0,!ow enoisilsi .boojj tj e/sv/ .vhisliaH to isdiom piodl/jT .aiK

aev/ sH .xJoa isd o;^ jxbijsd lo bxsy/ os/iotrOni ssorfw

bnxi Ttbkid ao p>how vlieissqas yitihiB&i lo bnol ,bid vJôJot boAslJjc/QlUrd lo ogdliY &fli ^£3[l ban ni 7>nibxisqa .vrlqciîJ

ad yMom i>sjif«ii lo axxw isdjjsl ml ji^ôodT y AO ^jCDillcI v/oa t8lliI4

-ifi sir Motfamba nn (niup'm el vlmfjlioqqo ’'^t/s xioa aid sv.jQg

"YsH txjsii ono mans ^nomn ,R|oodo<j ypo^fn^qoiq bnavos bsbnsi

;’piO l.tooifKd isJîiaixn n ttnyO kîaia

aldJi'foaoH oxl^j e^»tw &d msiiv/ Jooxisa nit isJ iiiiivxoH sdj bn£aUuhl JB bsistns nadj oil .sioxxijjfufl lo won J1on>I osJ .A

Bn JOBl ,ynU ni rnoy loimij, sid ^nai/h JhJ Ind âiloqjnfxiA in tSjislIo':

^tijV/ livi) odt lagm'fisqo odi lo lanossii no Jssaob usiii oj^sHos erij

gailso'L Jsiftox)s t.rsi;^ jsiLi lo sEolsôxif {ilntf noqosi ton bib brifi

aid no naaaxixa toiitiul ynx j-notl isdj/il airi'svoilst ot tfi^no sfbiiirfj

odl U't ,haii ,vtm;os bmv/oH ni loodua ^nidonoi nnôd od ,tniJODO^

>jqsB ino*!*i /isnst ol bsuniinoo sH .Yfsil bnai ot nx;;i5'xf ,sniii scnss

^8sV/ oJ Jnsw sd nodvr Yi08I /nnmdsU oJ .1981

Sigtfli A ni ‘i:jr|9s>Uaod bnn soibo s.)nt.as leM n ni dvyh an .înigitY

aii{ qu ^dqssd ,r.b U ,if>dm&ooG binn Ixsbnitnos ob bnn ,Ilim inoft

-sridv/niism BoibuiH U;sis(^

36G HATTERSLY W. TALBOTT

Mr. Talbott’s legal course was planned for him by William H. (

,

Dorsey, Esquire, in 1861, and after his death in 1862, :\Ir. Talb<,‘:

continued his studies along the same lines. In West Virginia,

orable James M. Jackson directed his studies, and on his return *.

Maryland in December, 1865, Mr. Talbott went into the law oil;. ..

of George W. Sands, Esquire, of Howard county, and read under i.;-'

supervision, until March, 1866, when he was admitted to practice a:

the Howard county bar. In November of that year, he began the

practice of his chosen profession in ^Montgomery county, opening an

office at Rockville, where he has since resided.

He is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church, and li:-.

been a vestryman of Christ church since 1870. Mr. Talbott is a

Mason and past master in that fraternity. He is also a member of

the Maryland Historical Society and of the Society of the War of

1812, belonging to the latter by virtue of his descent from his grand-

father, Richard Talbott, ensign in Captain John W. Dorsey’s Com-

pany of the 32d regiment of infantry in the 51aryland militia.

On February 10, 1874, Mr. Talbott married Laura William<

Holland, the daughter of Lieutenant Zachariah Holland, United

States navy, and Laura (Williams) Holland. She was born in Haiters-

town. They have had two sons,- both of whom are living. One of

them is a resident of Rockville, and the other an electric engineer in

New Orleans.

In 1885 Mr. Talbott was appointed a director, on the part of ti e

state, of the Baltimore and Ohio Railway Company. He has i>evn

a director of the Montgomery County National Bank, of Rockvlil*-.

since its organization in 1884, and its vice-president since R24.

Since 1900, he has been president of the Montgomery County Bar

Association, and since 1891, president of the Board of Trustees oi ti.i‘

Rockville academy, of which Board he has been a member since D''L

From May, 1900, to May, 1904, he was superintendent of the Sta'^-

Bureau of Immigration.

Mr. Talbott has been a life-long Democrat. In 1893, he N\a^

elected state senator from Montgomery county for a term oi i>' *r

years, and from 1894 to 1897, he was cliairman of the Ih'inon.i .

state central committee. In 1884 he was a delegate from the ‘

congressional district to the Democratic national C(^nveiiti»ui .»

Chicago, and in 1888, he was presidential elector for the same di>fr; l

He has been six times elected on non-partisan tickets as ma>'*r

TTOHJAT ,'fi YJ. T3TTaH

'ft

i'

i

;> ,n ftinilliW vd miff lo*) o?.iuoo h'ltcitilAT /iM ^

m ,!&iii;pa3 .^deioCI’,';;5s»ia

"

.^., \i ,u*i-fif^,tlV «tao7/ fi] .c«3jrrf’'»^nr^ fulj afliibat« alii beuniinoo:

i,* nwpn ffirf no f.irf boAosiib no.^bci (>[d«io)

oda odtm vr^. .tiodfiiT .il4 j»i:

'

''''Vf^

.;,.( hn-'. I>i‘57;'oH lo .abnis^ .'// ^tojjO io.

ooimiq oj sd nadw, ,dd8i fi4nb .nomvloqwa

vd) fii'^ »d ,W7 r^diTievoK nl ,iiid vini/oa inîwoH oHi f §(ui âiniqo p/toiOo vt'^mo^flnolA aiS{ôdo aid io ôiâîiq

i

'

‘^'^

or! â.oajTio •

^'

<\ .d'nnil')' Jaqu>wq3 toiiaeiioil- odî' lo i^dmarif n sM,- a., --mr

,. Iî n.tdbjT .n]4 .ovî •'tonie ibturio ;âhdO 'to aatavi'jaW' M nosd ;

b vitffrtom e oai.Â ei siH ' Udi ai $m{. bna no«nM‘

: . u 'U ©di io vJî')oa odJ )o ha&. ‘{tsboB iaolmbjH •

,'f ti':T£ aid moil aid lo ouJiiv yd ’ifJdlAl orb oJ ja,ni;^/u)bd

ijoO gVoetoQ sV/ arlol ididqÔ jxl rrîaao infidoiH ,ioiJ4fi1. :

.nilrinm hnixrna!^ od.i ni yunidai lo jn^miôT b'xZ oxi.j lo yoaq

' ;r.i\dU7/ ijiuavl bomixfo^ b ,iM ,01 nO

oMiiiiJ ^bn/sIfoH d&hufhj^^ inixnoliJoiJ 16'' loidîiab edj“ .boiidoH

- ni mod «ja v/ odB i>n4^HoH (amaillfW) bna ,vym aoia^S

:o onO .^niYii oic motfw lo dâd -.gnoa owl barf mad yorfT .awoj , ,. .•.;'<>jif|S||?jl

ni 'i'v>nigiio ohloolo /?£ torfjo orfl hna ,.oiifYiooH lo jiiobisoi a ?.l morfl : Iwf’

•

,,

'•.

. .anaoliO wovl vf,;.'>'5raM"

'»dl I't jiriq odl ilr» ;*ioi>oiib fi boi'nioqqa 8aw.41ocJiaT .iI4 <5^81 nl

nvod aiiri oK .ynaqmoO yaYdicH oirfO bos :>iofoilI/:B r^rfl lo

/iiliviooK lo laooitaT^ \1nuo0 yitjxno^lnoM mU lo lobîib a

J(!Kl oDaia laubiaoiq-i&îv 'îi b(ia ,l.-8.€l ni Eli. oo-nia

. vl vJiiuoD yi4>mo^jirioM odj lo i/tobiaoiq os)od »^.rirf od ,00€^1 ooni8

..! j lo iT lo od‘1 lo ,1noi:i8afiq , l(i3i aonis baa .noilaboaaA

. i^y'i j v: ridmam a .'isod nmi od biô?l rioidvr lo ,ymobaoa slIiviooH ;

.

o ; Ir lo ifwbnelnhô^ g-^v. Oii »K)0I p/aM oi ,yaM moili

lo

^ ^ 'Mi ,r,03 i nl dmoomÎ pnol-slil a m>od earf ^JodlaT .iM

o <j1 lo ixnij a lol ytmroo 7i'^mo5:,taoM moil loxaao-c otaJa boioolo

'-’i, . >ofnoCT Oiiîo naffniitib' r.JiV7 >rf o.t moxl bius

I'.f/i? i-aoil 9|a^>{ob * *^rf 1-881 nl .ooilirnmoo laiJnoo 9â>)R

aoiifioraoo lanorlafi 6r:i inborno(f ori-J oJ )9hl?,ib laf5oi’<j»9i§noD

I »ii:db oimi. rjrfj -jol xor.)9b kbnobbfnq eev/ od ,8*881 nl bia .oâoiriO

1 ' ' 'V^.m ^ aasiliaq-nod no boloolo eoixii} xia o9od Rcrf fjM <, ‘'Hf- l«5H

I .

'

‘. ' *'

,

HATTERSLY W. TALBOTT 3G7

Rockville. Life’s experience has shown him that success will be

sure to come to a young man, who “will lead a clean life, be honest,

persistent, and industrious.”

DOUGLAS HAMILTON THOMAS

Thomas, DOUGLAS Hamilton, bank president, from L'ij")

to 1906 chairman of the Executive Committee of the Lalu-

more Clearing House Association, from 1SS6 to 1S92 finan-

.

commissioner of the City of Baltimore, from 1890 to 1901 coimii;^-

sioner of Public Parks, and from 1892 to 1896, and again from P" •

to the present time, financial agent of the State of Maryland, dircti' r

of numerous banks and railroad companies, etc., was born in B..1 l-

more on the first of January, 1847.

His father, John Hanson Thomas, was for forty years (ls:i''

1879) president of the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Baltimo:.-

and he was a member of the City Council of Baltimore in 1855, ;ii. ;

of the Legislature of Maryland in 1861. He is remembered for 1.^

exceptional truthfulness, sincerity and devotion to his family, as wt il

as for his business ability and integrity.

He married Miss Annie Campbell Gordon, a daughter of Ba.'J

Gordon w'ho was born in Scotland (1770) and died in Virginia, la

1846, and had married at “Windsor Lodge,” Culpeper couiny.

Virginia, in 1814, Miss Anne Campbell Knox; while among the earlit

distinguished ancestors of Mrs. Thomas may be named JohiiTuckiT.

who came from London to Virginia where he died in 1671: Cuh'i;' I

William Fitzhugh, who named his Virginia estate “Bedford” au-

r

his native place in England; and Captain Henry Fitzhugh, his .-tin

who also lived at Bedford, Virginia, dying in 1758.

In the paternal line, ^Ir. Thomas traces his descent from (<nv-

ernor Ptobert Brooke, who was born in London in 1602, and died ii:

Maryland in 1655; and on his paternal grandmother’s side from n-

Ham Brewster, the first elder of the Plymouth Colony, who was 1 • u

in 1560 and died at Plymouth. Massachusetts, 1644. The ill"'--*

bys, the Allertons, and the Randolphs of “Turkey Island. ’ \ i:_n ‘

and of “Tuckahoe,” are also among the distinguished meniiu'i- < •

his ancestry. Isaac Allerton (1580-1659) was deputy govermw «•. >

Plymouth Colony, 1621 to 1624. Robert Brooke (1602 lti55 .v

appointed in 1652 by Cromwell’s Commissioners, president •«!'

'

W '

8AMOHT tÔTJIMAH BAJOlTOd

rm\ nunl slimd M^TdlKAE BAJOUCa .BAKOHoiU !o 35>jnfnmoO odf io n/uniix'd’:) dOOf oi

••tiuuifi 2i0cd os (5881 fjitnl ,fk>/)Aho8Â gfiiifiofO q'ioib

;* 'Ujaio*) IU9! ot aunt ,oTomaI/;H )o o/U- ,*io 1^>lToi8^^

d. rrun'> nixi^ji brrxj ,tjQ8i oS WS I moil imJi îkiif^T lo loaoia

: 'r-i-nii) JO ^Sas8 oris to I/jhnrwrl Ôinil Snoaoiq exfj

• ::t;({ nx mod ?a-/? ,80xai5qr/io:> biurilki JbaiB ‘-'druid 8;.;o'f9mjjn io

,TI 8I , /ixjx/nBl, to fMi} xVo'fnoxn

'Svr) a'lr.y/ '(Jioi 'Jot ^îxiinodT /lOfexiBli xiiiol /lodtiiV ?-iH

•‘looiitfril to dxt/id sinaximoK bpr. momtfil oiis h Snobko7q (GT8I

,co8J ui ohm'iilM to Uo/tj/oO *^jiD oxit Jo rt p.îy/ fid biua

' ii lot j>o*if)d01001 ot ei oH .r08r 01 bxirdxiBl^ lo ods to

il>A‘ 86 .'(iiiXTBt eid oS 0onov9b ba& T)hooiti« êfeeiilotdiin:^ Linoijqoo)!^

.vJn^îar bmi vîlxdB sid lol bai';odl to lotdgwisb 6 âofoioO IbdqrnB-) oiaoA saiK bainouj oHlo .idni^xr/ ai boib boB (OvTl) bxuiitooB at xnocj «6V/ odw siobioO,V)fn;opîoqx^qluO /',o^boJ lO^hrfiVf^* Ss bohifim bad ba«v»ihxxf> ods }moi\v: olidw ;xc*n>l iiodqfnBO yxOiA aail£ \Pi81 ni ,6ixdsiiV.'vî JuT nibl boroBn ocJ ^îoi sfimodl\8'il/I to mohooim bodvirâlSsibmoInO : noi m boib od 6/VinniV’ oJ .aobmT ato'xt Qnsr>o pdw

“j>iotboE*''‘ otBJgo nhiqpiV 8ixl bomût odw 0J6lffiY/

.,008 hid ,di-udsSi'd 'fixioH iiiaiqaO bo6 ;b0fil;;;n3[ ni &Oiiiq aviSAa sid

«8gT 1 ni smvb ^nhiivaiV ^biolbofl Sb l>07i! *3816 odw‘7\ifJ xxunt 000895 eid aooBit ,8x:friudT .'iK »OitiI UniolBq oxft 0I01 .'joih 006 ,SOOI ni nob XToJ nl m«xl 86*^ oxf/?^ ,9:iiooiH M9do>I loxns•• uioit ohm eîod li^tnyjBq 8id no biis ;c.dOt ni boBl^fTcM

e«v/ odv/',7.flcioO xIiLiOnr/iT^ odj to lobls ta'id od^ .lOiK'x/oyfT mnii

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DOUGLAS HAMILTOX THOMAS 371

Council and acting governor of the Province of Maryland. MajorThomas Brooke, his son (1660-1730), was president of the Council

of the Province of Maryland and deputy governor in 1720. JohnHanson (1715-1783) was president of the Continental Congre.ss 1781-

1782, his official signature being “President of the United States in

Congress Assembled.” The State of Maryland has erected to hima statue in the Capitol at Washington.

A healthy boyhood, with a hearty interest in out-of-door sports

was passed in a home where the influence of his mother was especially

strong on his moral and spiritual life, and under the wise guidance

of a father who was devoted to his life work and to his family; and he

attended the private preparatory schools of the City of Baltimore

where he earlv showed a fondness for books of historv, finance and

biography.

When prepared for college he studied for a time at the Univer-

sity of Maryland, but he did not complete a college course. In 1863

he became a clerk in the Farmers and Merchants National Bank of

Baltimore, of which his father was president. His own personal pref-

erence, and the wish to succeed in the business of his father coincided

with his parents’ wish in determining his business and profession.

With the exception of four years (1874-1878), when he was engaged

in the business of a stock broker, Mr. Thomas has been steadily in the

banking business. In 1878 be became cashier of the National ^laririe

Bank in Baltimo.-^. From 1880 to 1886 he was cashier of the Mer-

chants National Bank. In 1886 he was elected president of the

Merchants National Bank—a position which he still holds.

While serving as cashier or president of a bank, Air.Thomas has

been chiefly instrumental, on three or four different occasions, in

detecting and putting a stop to wholesale plans of deceit and fraud

attempted by skilled forgers, who had for months escaped the vigi-

lance of the most famous detectives of our country .He has also had

a leading part in detecting fraudulent practices, on the part ot public

officials in positions of trust, which in one or two cases would have

resulted in heavy losses to tlie State or to the country, had it not l)een

for the exceptional vigilance and penetration of the bank cashier and

president who discovered their dishonest attempts in time to prevent

the worst consequences. The history of these cases rivals in interest

the most romantic “detective stories” of the novelist.

Beside the positions of honor and trust reterred to in the opening

XT€ P.AWOHT BU10\30Q

fl lotiiM oonivm^r ^dit iroDievog gniloa bnu Ii9m

ihayoD !^>Hx }o iiiobiiitjiq ^trif noe hid ,9ôo*jH eAtao

/idol .OSTI m tc-/i79voi] '>i|/iivi£M lo i«!(iivoiÎ a/lj

-IStI «?;MX3noOl/an90i4ix</v)a 1o tncthhMq«r;w noen,

fii b^jiiiU ddi'o ;îiobk*n'^ IflhiHo eid ,2^

xnifi oi i>9X09io ised W otXi)& 9ftt’ J'MeiidmoaaA eaoigii

•••^"^.-i^lS! .r(Ovtgnid^‘.x;W:.4fi iaiiqaO aifl- ni evJnS

snoqe ioob-ô-tub ni Jemo^ni '{1":;Ct:irl xj liîvr d:>ood’{ocn{jriÛsd Avllmf)'>q«9 ‘jsdjotft lo 9on'>ijd0iîij emdv/ r,mod 0 ni bss^^q it

e’>afibiiig bnd /ilil lr^0 lhiqa hnn Imoin aid no goo

od b/Tii r^li/nni aid ot bon 'A'Ui// feid o4 bojovob ar/7 orlv/ £

otomttijiH la ad) lo aioodaa “notij fGqxoq nXnvnq sd) bahna

bnii ao0 jfi0f) ^vidaid io ailcKKi xoi ar-anlMioi n l)3 //’od8 vhr.ôdîa

-loviiiij edx JH 9F(ui n lo't baibufla odV^^lia'' 'ôl hîiiqaiq nedY/

T-OÎ nl ,081110!) 0j:;0llo3 u oJ^lqrno') lori bib ed ijid d>n/ilviaU lo^y

Jo AmM UiaoitfiV^ HfaxirhidU bitr. dHj ni ^10/1 n 9(nxj03<i

4nq Imom^q m/o alH «;;v? vjdui 'dil tfn}d‘/r 10 ,9'jomfd:

b&bbnio0 'todlnl siri 1q Basnmud 0d r ni bo'ioûa o) dsh/ odl bn/j^,9u‘i(!

.nolaaoloiq bnn efeankird aid pimum‘!^hh ni dam âUmcq aid dj

bogiigno ar.7/ ad n0x{v/ J)Î8I^T0X) aiesy luoi lo noilqsoxs adi xili

odl ni xlibiioja nafxi aaii anmoffT aU ,*xo;ÔTd dooia js Jo aiâiaud ^dJt

mhM liinoirnH adtlo isbiaô oma jad ad 8T81 ni .aa mkud gni>lii

•lobl $ii4 io -loidano a« o/f OBBl ol 088t njcni ,* .omillafl ni Ahi

;>flt la Inai-iaoiq bal ial^ anv; ad 088 ? nl .dnnH lunoijnK elnu

.ebiod lUta ad doidv/ cjouirjoq n— Innoili;/! elnadoi^

Rcd amnodT.ilu ^dand n k* Xnohiso'jq lo laldaai «n gniviaa alidV/

nl ,?jiolhjs‘joo limallib mol io oouu no d^lnamiiilani vftaida no

binnl biiQ lioaab lo ecialq ebieaiod’n ol qoia n gnillnq bna gnijaai

»ig(v 9 fil baqiiORO adlnora 10I bud oiI'.t hoUiAa '{d balqnrs]

bdd oaln BCfi aH. mo !o sovilaolab anornnl ifeom adl lo nc:

oifdnq lo l icq k{l no âooiiomq inoluiinn*)! gniloolab ni nni| gni.b'cn

ovnd Idno’n' eoanD ov^t 10 ono ni doidv/ ,j8inj lo anoiliaoq ni alnioii

fT0‘Hl lOfi Xi bed oill ot lo 0leJ8 adi ot aasr-o! -{vead ni balluc;

bne Toidaeo /ioed od.t lo noileiianaci bne oonnligiv ienoiiqa^xo odl i

Inava'iq oS ornii nifejqafol,)n laanodail; liodj baiovoDRib od//' inabk*!

ttimalni ni eJevii &a«co aaodl lo vioiafd pdT .aooaoupoBnoo laiow 0

.iHibvon ad) lo "fcsiiolci avijogiab '' oiincmoi jgoon a

^ninoqo orU ni o) l aTJolai jami bnn 'lOiicul lo ^noilitoq adi abbafi

372 DOUGLAS HAMILTO>7 THOMAS

sentences of this sketch, Mr. Thomas is now director of the follov. ;• *

important companies, all of Baltimore: The Maryland Life Ii.

ance Company; the Mercantile Trust and Deposit Company; t\w S..;-

Deposit and Trust Company; the Savings Bank of Baltimore, the :-

tral Elevator Company of the Northern Central Railway Comp-!;

.

the United Railways of Baltimore; and the Philadelphia, Baltimf-:.'

and Washington Railroad. In 1S76 he was commissioner of tl.*

State of Maryland to the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia.

In his early manhood he served for ten years (1S67-1S77' •.

private, lieutenant, captain and major in the 5th regiment of t!:*

Maryland National Guard.

Mr. Thomas is identified with the Democratic party, and has n-*

swerved in his allegiance to that party, except that in the c:;!;'.-

paigns in 1S96 and 1900 upon the sound money issue he support*. :

President McKinley.

On the twenty-fifth of January, 1870, Mr. Thomas married Mi-

Alice Lee Whitridge, daughter of Dr. John Whitridge, of Baltiim'i*-

They have had three children, all of whom are living in 1907. M.'-.

Thomas has found his favorite form of exercise and relaxation in

walking and driving.

By religious conviction he is identified with the Protestant lipi"'-

copal Church. He is a Mason, a member of the Society of the Cinc i!i-

nati, of the Society of Colonial Wars, and a member of the Maryland

Club, and of the Batimore Country Club.

His address is 1010 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, Maryland.

OSWALD TILGHMAN

During colonial and early state days the people of Marylandthen leaning toward plantation life rather than that of the

cities as found in more northeily commonwealths, vested the

authority of government in the hands of landed farmers and planters.

There grew up, in consequence, a series of manor sections, as it \vere,

and over these sections, the lord of the manor, figuratively speaking,

^ held sway. As a result of this there sprang up in time throughout the

state, but more especially on the bay shores, little communities that

boasted of some particular family which dominated affairs there and

gave the section a sort of central point. The name of each of these

families is written all over the section in which they lived—in its

history, in the names of its rivers, ports, and towns; and in the

roll of descendents, who still exert a large influence upon public

affairs.

Such a manor family were the Tilghmans. The names of various

members are encountered constantly in the state history of Maryland.

While records of the members of the Tilghman family are found in the

pages of early Mar} iand history there are still Tilghmans in the flesh

who are making the history which future chroniclers must record.

Such" an one is ^laryland's secretary of state under Governor

Warfield’s administration. ^Ir. Tilghman was born with a name that

might very naturally prompt pride; but by his services as soldier, as

lawyer, and as statesman, he has followed in the steps of his ancestors

and added to the worth of the family’s contribution to the life of

Maryland.

Osw'ald Tilghman was born on the old Talbot county plantation,

Plimhimmon, near Oxford, on March 7, 1S41 Ilisflither, General

Tench Tilghman, w^ac a graduate of West Point military academy,

and his mother w'as a daughter of John Leeds Kerr, United States

senator from Maryland, 1S41 to 1S43. Matthew Tilghman. an ances-

tor of the family, was a member of the Continental congress at the time

of the declaration of independence; and Colonel Tench ’rilghman,

another ancestor, served as one of Washington’s aides-de-camp.

376 OSWALD TILGHMAN

Oswald Tilghinan was educated at the Maryland Military Ao:i<i.

emy, at Oxford. Kis school days over, he went to Texas in ISoO. an i

settled in Washington county. When the Civil War beiran, he volun.teered as a private in Company B, in Terry’s Texas Rangers, of th.*

Confederate army. He participated in the battle of Shiloh and in t

campaigns about Richmond, and was aide on the staff of his kinsman.General Lloyd Tilghman. who was killed in front of Vicksburg, Missis-

sippi. During the siege of Port Hudson, Oswald Tilghman commam led

the Rock City artillery of Nashville, Tennessee—a heavy batterv on

the banks of the ?»nssissippi riA’er—andwasttie only one of the fonr

officers of that battery who survived the siege. In^.Iarch. lS63,he

active part, with his baitory, in the destruction of the United Srat' -

steam frigate Mississippi, of which vessel Admiral George Dewey w;:<

then executive officer, when Admiral Farragut’s fleet attemnicd

to pass the Confederate batteries. For his bravery on this occa-

sion, he was commended by Lieutenant Colonel de Gournay. who

commanded the left wing of the Confederate batteries. But h;-

military career was cut short by the capitulation of Port Hudson,

after which he was held as a prisoner on Johnson’s Island in Lake

Erie until the conclusion of the war.

When the conflict betw'een North and South had been brought to

a close, Tilghman returned to Talbot county and began hi.s prepara-

tion for the legal profession. He read law with Senator Charles II.

Gibbon, was admitted to the bar, and has since been engaged in tlic

practice of law and in the real estate business in his native county,

residing at Foxley Hall, Easton, a colonial brick mansion built by

Henry Dickinson, whose son, Charles Dickinson, was killetl by Gen-

eral Andrew Jackson in a duel in Logan County, Ky., in 1S06.

He was married in 1S84 to Belle Harrison, daughter of Doct<-.’

Samuel .A. Harri.son, the local annalist of Talbot county. They hav«‘

two children, a daughter, Mary Foxley Tilghman, and a son, Samnt'I

Harrison Tilghman, a graduate in civil engineering of Lehigh Uni\» r-

sity, class of 1907. Governor Vhn. R. Hamilton, of Marvlaiid.

appointed Oswald Tilghman, in ISSl, one ot the two commissi uier^.

with the rank of colonel, to represent tlie state at the Centennial

bration of Cornwallis’s surrender at Vorktown. On this occa>ion i.-'

wore the sword presented to Colonel Tench Tilghman by eongre- .a

1781 for his especial service in l)Oaring to the Continental cmigiv- a

Philadcli)hia the official announcement from Genei’al \\ a^hingt m

icakhdjit aj/.v/ao

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bimfrinU eHi ??«v/ iTj’.aii(f;&Tr r bUvnaO

i , 3 f. .C53I III KfixoT oi jn->w od ,*i070 aiH /moljcO In ,vms

Off .nr.p/xf 1^7/ livi') norfY',.. .’^tnuoa noi^nlMnlf ni iMiioB

'ni l .giosafiH my.oT a'v'naT ni i%.V*Thq

-njit ni biTA floUrlr^ )o obiiid oifl ai b^JisqiotiOAq "jH .‘{min ^^moh^htoO

,r!nn;ani/l eiif lo Tu:.t« o/ft iio^bfA han ^baonjihlil itmii, bfrînqmno

--rpi'iK ,l5^'Ujda:ôiV lo ai Wli>l orlw .ficniffellT

l»oi)n;ifnfnoo nAmdulvT hi^ //aO .rioaboH tioÎ fo OfltâniKI Jqqia

iio -notJAd V7,«3,i1' v)|U ‘iooH sdi

•’11‘d odi snq '('ino a;^nnd $rlj

>i»*o) *>xf.88'0£, filial..' ni br/i'nJJao/i‘// 7i^>}’lad.tfjfl| !o feiooiffo

b'v,t;!'U )o noiJomleob ods ai ritiw ,nr.q f^vhoA

-i: f/ vo//‘AJ 'y^vyjO hiiimhA ioaat>7 dtdfiwjo m^sta

i ->:qu.far)j) ^*ol^ ©’iowon'd. kiimbA rtod// svityo'oz^ qod^

-x;mmq ?.idt no; *7r^/n'!d dd .&ohojfJAd ^JoioUdnoQ oxlt oi

// /^jfairioO 9l> ):onoi<^^ )nnnoj{foiJ Ycl bobnwiaxoo Oid^ .noia

rdi 7ijti \b9vmUd ot/rtobolfioO odf to oili l»obciftfni'aao

,iM>ahLdi tio'i lo »dt vd hoda Jno *xr/.#*3^’nA\,*cÂlilim

xii bn/ifal a’noenrfol no loqoahq a ?.a bbrf aew od doidv/ loJlfi

.in7(T Ofii lo noiaufortO!) offt Jlf nti »h5f

o; iff3iutnd n»od bad dJuo8 bna ifôo’4 fii^wôd idBaxn mlt n^îVN

•/noqi^'iq hid nnTôd baa vqnijoo JfodlaT di bOtm/joi afi;n;i^>riT ôaoio a

.11 8«fl'ii:ii0 lOJan^ dtiT/ vâl oH .noiaaoloicf biôf odj 70I noit

o/I:j III rjyjii oonk fûd hmj ol, bo)jka$a si- -7 ,no..diO

.‘/riji/oo 07i>sii 3irf fti 8;'^nis»>nci Blaise bioi 6fdt ni bn/i wd lo

yd tUifd iioiBitP.ffi >fohd Ixiiaoloo a .H/iH rdzol }/ snibiaai

-iioO vd bolM Bf/ff qjomhhiO. aohadD ,aos

.cK)01 ni ^'^jrtooO iir^^ôdun hub a ni v/oibiiA fa*i9

io idiiisnf’.b ,aoa!mAH t>l{oi.l cl ni bohinm sr.yr oHy/iui vsilT .vjnifoo JodlaT lo jeiliifrna (nooi sdl .noînaH ;A lonnuiS

1 *unfA?* ,noa a ban .nmridj'liT volzo'Î ''{ini/, .lobfaunb c ,ndnbfido

“iovif;7 qo1âi^9oî?i^ > livb ai 9laubm:s? n ,naairi:i»liT nqairiBH

,L.ii3l nfji/. lu .noiihnjilJ ar7/ lomovoO AOOf lo a-âlo

,>iOiiopaimfa.oo O'f/fodt lo^ttp .1881 ai .aAmd;jliT bin7/<<0 bîaioqqa;.

ifJnao^HO odya orft laopoiqai ot ,bao!nolo >(am orU riJr/7

‘>d fmi8n*>!>o Rifij fiO .r. /fojdioY itr. labaoiiua KêillAv/moO lo aoltaid,

id '^boi^fjoo \d a/imdÎiX donoT loaoIoO ot l>oinoaoiq bio*^?^ odi oioy/

/?< »/ii:}/u)t> UvlnoaifaoO Ddj of j^niiijod fii ooivioa Inbocias eid lol ,f8tl

‘ ^ ao>’inid?r>7/ Iniono .) ajoil Jnoaiooauonna Inioibo odj aiilnbbciid^

OSWALD TILGHMAN 377

the surrender of the British garrison at Yorktown. From 1893 to 1897

Colonel Tilghman was a member of the senate of }»Iaryland, having

been elected on the Democratic ticket. The state bureau of immi-gration was established in 1896 largely through his efforts. Colonel

Tilghman has long been a personal friend of Governor Warfield, andin 1904 the latter appointed him secretary of state under his adminis-

tration as governor.

Colonel Tilghman owns a valuable collection of Revolutionary

relics and papers; he is a member of the Maryland Historical Society

and of several patriotic and fraternal societies, including the Society

of the Cincinnati of ^Maryland, of which he is the vice-president: the

Maryland Society of Colonial Wars; the Masons; and the Odd Fellows.

Jle has for several years represented the Maryland State Society in

the General Society of the Cincinnati. He is president of the Board

of Development of the Eastern Shore of ]\Iaryland, and was auditor

of the circuit court of Talbot county for over twenty years. He is

commander of Charles S. Winder Camp, U. C. V., and he also

commands the 1st Brigade of the Maryland Division of the United

Confederate Veterans. He is the author of several historical and

genealogical papers and addresses.

m-TVS XAMflOwriT CJAWSO

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Jc 3.^18^ /fsfthff 9XIJ loTOhnonimarfi? <J.n 1,0 dJfioai, gdi let -i9<!;iT'.fn 8 *aw /i,;mifs(iT fanoIoO:rnr.ijij 10 oioTOd fllBJe orfT

o,i» no boJoafs naad

ho! M,. niUdmIim a«w noite-.5.bM.JsflisW loiiTavcO lo basnl l*oâq,« aaad s«oI «>d namdsOT

nmiiis eiff labno a),;Ja 1o v;i8j»i3aft xnai ba'oioqqa -lajjaf siii «)ci ai

iwlhslloo oldimkv jn a^vw nfimfinUTîjoIoDbiialwM ariMowdmw, 3 « ad ;Maq«q fc„e *,«„

o„t 5«ilK»ta« ,89i,9iao8 }a,n»te-l i>«« afiohiaq Ifiiavaa 1o banorfi iwaln^wi-aar/ orJi «iod daiilw io ,fa«fl/stiiiM lo iifinnianiO ariJ lo

ffo!la-I i,l>6 a!f.i l.aK -.moiM adj ;«mV; ;ai„oloO lo ; tahog bnal-nsU/!i 3M}^ him-nulf. oiit bajnaaa‘mr.1 Kvcov^siovaa lol sarf all,

,ohfo .’f-iW^nioniO arfrlo xâipoS lawnaO arfj

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Jiboi. .fivf ima .bnn.xwU. lo aaoiig xi7aj88d"a(i) b. Jnamqohvaa lo

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-R .e . RohariO io 79bna(nm09

! !no.8r/,CI b0«lv7«W.ad, isi adi aboammoabna jeanoJSid laiavaa io loriioa aril m aH ôaaoja / ajaiafaolnoO

«i&908$li>b.Q bn/^î<jqjiq Jôrôlfisiisg

^îiT-1iftiliiiVii

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EDWARD STANLEY TOADVI

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^OADVIN, EDV/ARD STANLEY, of Salisbury, Wicomicoi county, lawyex"^ from 1887 to 1895 State senator, and since

1900 land commissioner of the State of Maryland, was born

at Salisbury on the 3d of December, 1848. His father, Purnell

Toadvin, w’as a merchant at Salisbury, a member of the MarylandLegislature in 1857, a member of the State Constitutional Convention

in 1867, and an energetic and charitably disposed citizen whose

integrity of character and public spirit led to his being chosen to

fill numerous local offices. He married ]\Iiss Amanda Parsons,

daughter of John Parsons^ of Salisbury, 5Iaryland.

The earliest known ancestor of his family and name in America

was Nicholas Todwin or Taudveine, a French Huguenot, who came

to Maryland in 1675, with the Brereton and Gardy families. The

family name had for a long time been spelled “Toadvine” but the

final “e” has of recent years been dropped. His descendants for

two hundred and fifty years have lived in Maryland, so far as they

know, the only family connection of the name in this country; and

have done their work as citizens in a quiet way, taking their share in

matters of local government and administration.

A healthy boy, fond of books and fond of study, with a predilec-

tion for books of history, general literature and natural science, he

passed his boyhood in Salisbury, and was prepared for college at

the Salisbury high school. In 1865 he entered Princeton College and

wms graduated with the degree of A.B. in 1869. He pursued advance

studies in history, constitutional law, and literature, at the Univer-

sity of Virginia, in 1871 and 1872. His law studies began on lii^

graduation from college; and in 1873 h6 settled as an attorney at

law in his native town, Salisbury.

In 1877 he was appointed State’s attorney for Wicomico Ccniniy.

and elected for one term, holding office for six years. At the man-

date of his fellow-citizens he became a State Senator in 1SS7 : and alter

four years of useful service in the Senate he was rci'lected in D'*!

serving until 1895. His reputation and influence with his ti‘ll<»\\-

MivaAOT /HJHATa oMAwaa-''A

OT'iftiooiy/ lo (JîAY/QS ,V^TVCTAOf

Qonie bnii ,ioj/ait>=6 cQ%l o.t Tag! molt |niod sxi*^ jbniilviisK t<> isnotaJîmio.o^ bcî^C^

I!«)mu4 . 2m aoMooM lo b& odf iio da

tATidrixiU odJ io iod;-io;a n rci^d^llaS ja n .nirheoT

noi] ivy^r naO fano'D^ynmoO odj lo iiJoEX

or.miv iijksiib hofoqaib '(Ida:tnr*ffo oiXO'jio/ia xia bna ,»o3I ^jii

ot iVjr'Oiio pM oS b'iif fniqi oUduq baa lo viiT<g^ni

xibo^mA aalM bommn oH .aoomo kôl aijoiMniin Iia

jKud’{iaK ,\rxoopJk8 lo ,3noa7 a‘-I ndot. lo 'fojds^

aohomA ill ojnaxi ban vlimol Bid lo loicoona n^wonî oilT

o:ni:o oilw a ôobvbuaT lO jiivfboT sîodotA aav/

odT .asilimal *»{biaO baa noloioiH odl dXlvx ^6T0i ni biTi:l*'î£t'£ oi

orU Xud '‘anivbaoT'^ holbqa nood omb giioi a ^lOl biut eman vllraal

loi atnahaoDaab biH .boq(fo'ib noad eiaor imom io aari '’o“ (sail

Yodt Ea lal OB ,bfial'{'ialVi ai bovii wfiil fiiay\ J>iu, l>aiL**Lrtl ov/i

bii ;7 ;-^7 ifi)LJoo eid^ ni omen mb lo rfob‘>oftnoj Ybio odt

m oiAda 'dodl snidiij v x ai aiis&bio 'aa Awf/ ilad) onob ovad

.iToiiM jaininnbB bna ^nomai'}vo‘^ faoo! lo aioJbaxti

a dl‘r/7 //btiia io bno'i Lan e,Aood lo bnol ,y.od ydxlaod A

od faiuXftn bna ktorio^ tT.!Olsid lo adood *iol nob

5a 3;>/)!(od 101 biiiaq^îq bc’>^ bna ty/udaxlaB ni boodyod abl Losaeq

bna o:;ôdoO noJ93rTnÎ boiolnood oOgl nl doodafi dsiri \7iJ08ilaS odl

. om/bA bwB’Ujq oH SMI ni tl.A lo do'.ôb odi djivx beiaobci^ auw

'lovurJ oiit ic ,oiiJ JaioJil bn« ,V7cl kaobxj)b?/ioo ^'yôiBiiCni eoibole

'll! no nxj^fod aoibrrja vxi Rill .S:T8r bna IVai iii lo yXia

ii; voniobii im ba bahJoa od CT8I ni bna moil noiinjjbais

.VTudailijg ,n7/o5 ovijan aid ni wjbI

,y)xjuo0 ooi<Vfoai7/ lol yofrJOdlnB'oJnia b^l/doqqjc sr/// od TT8 f nl

v-ni:m ;; )A .bia >'/ xi?. lo! ooHlo ;!^flibioxf .nnsi oao *tOi bol'jalo bna

’I ‘iIa btiii ;T8ar ni loJunsB obb8 n arnnood ed anyiilb-v/ollol aid lo olab

H>‘ t ni bjloofdoi ar, 7/ od &JuaoB orit ni ooiri^ lo riftoy ixjol

"*77o^'*d aid dJi 7/ oonoidtni l.*rrft noiMtjjqei triH olM! liinui pnivio«

EDWARD STANLEY TOADVIN 379

senators is indicated by the fact that he served on such importantcommittees as finance, judiciary, etc.

In February, 1900, Governor Smith appointed Senator ToadvinLand Commissioner of Maryland. He was reappointed by GovernorWarfield and still holds that position in 1907.

On the first of November, 1889, Senator Toadvin was married to

Miss Kate Houston Tilghman, daughter of William B. Tilghman, of

Salisbury, Maryland. They have had one child, a girl, who is living

in 1907.

Senator Toadvin is engaged in the preparation for publication

of a book upon “Land Law and Land Office Practice in Maryland.”

I Senator Toadvin has always been identified with the Democratic

[^party. He is a ^Mason. He is a member of the Kappa Sigma college

jfraternity, and of the Elks. He is a member of the Historical Society

Iof Maryland.

IIn his religious life he is identified with the Protestant Episcopal

Church. While he is a lawyer by profession, he has found diversion,

health and exercise in the supervision and management of a small

farm, and he regards his good health as in no slight degree due to the

out-of-door interest and exercise w^hich he has found in this diversion

of farming.

His address is.Salisbury, Wicomico County, or Annapolis, Mar}'-

land.

5uvaA0T YH.r^#.T3CTf,

JnuJioqnti b; .'193 9i} it;!} jaa} yf}) .•,( bjjcoiJjni ej (rtolAasa

,9'ji>p.{;/i r;je93Wiairao9nivftsoT iote/if)8 bsiaiociqfi rfittJSa rotmvoD ,OOQt .X'Koidal nllOowvoO xd bojflioqqjiOT ssw bH .baM'ciall lo lanoteimmoy band

'/;4* .VOtil ni gblorf Ilija bnc bhUioVf0} J>9rn.5fn &svr nivbJfeT lOianaS ,«88f'ti9dw9voVl k JaiB adj nOk ,«sinifaliT .a awaiVir kj isifigufib .nsrarfsHT nojauoH 9J.f/I esiMM * «i>IW9 aoo bad 9v«ri xsdT * :bnafxieM~,^ud8iI«a

..Toex fli

'.J

a(»)j»iid£/g tol «oi|aMq9k| -»dX ni bagxi^tia si ni'/baoT lOjcnoSqi BDiXpxna aodiO ,,bri6vl bna vx‘aJ[ biXv.6d*' noi]u dood 0 I0

arh-ifiKimaa 9ii) lilin boitiJnaL; qsad r/ania eari ai'/b-iuTiolfinaBagolloo^amsia aqqji/J 'mIx k 'ludxtiani a ai aH .oosxd^ a si sH .xliaq,XiohoS kai-ioHUl Bji; k ladaiaro a ai oF£ ,8df3 arij k bna .yXiinaJeal'

’f® .bnab(if,K kiaqoBsiqa jciaksJOTa adJ dxi// bailiJasbi ei ad ©k! woigiln eid nlkoiwavdi banokead ad ,nofe9lOTq ’{d -isxv/r.! f! 81 9fi olidW .dtnudO

" Hams a k Mamasairaai bna noisiyiagus a* aatsiaxa biu djlaadxdgila oil oi tn riiieari boog aid abissai ad bna ,mia)

-bxi'juo’l g/iii o'cf di>Mw 'i5?ai.'>TiF3xtJ biiii Toob-lostiro

,

'

.-

. -i: .gnim-ruHo-^riuM ,aiioqa/inA w ,‘iimsoO (:>oimoom isaoibb^: aiH

JOSEPH HENRY TYLER^ "^YLER, JOSEPH HENRY, generally known as J. Harry

Tyler, was born in Baltimore, June 8, 1855. Plis ancestor-.

English on both sides, were among the early settlers of Mas-a-

chusetts and Connecticut. Gurdon Kimball Tyler, his father. wa<

a physician, druggist and manufacturer in Baltimore. He spare<l

pains in bringing up his children to appreciate the things in life tli;u

are really worth while; and devoted himself assiduously to trainin-

them for all that their several careers might hold for them. .).

Harry Tyler inherited the sterling qualities which were so prominent in

his father’s character; and his extraction and training combined !<•

capacitate him for the services which time should map out for him.

He inherited sane and sturdy views of things; his home training wa<

good, and his education thorough.

His youth was spent in Baltimore and its suburbs. He receive.!

his elementary education at James C. Kinear’s school, in Baltimore,

and then entered the Connecticut Literary Institution, from which

he was graduated in 1873. Continuing his studies at Brown Univer-

sity, he was given his bachelor’s degree in 1877. While at this latter

institution i\Ir. Tyler became a member of the Phi Beta Kappa ami

the Delta Upsilon fraternities. He returned to Baltimore aft<‘r

completing his academic course and took up post graduate woi-k in

history and political science at the Johns Hopkins University, his pur-

pose being to enter some profession.

About this time, however, the father, Dr. Tyler, persuaded his s<m

to give up his intention of becoming a professional man and (‘ivcr

upon a business career instead. Mr. Tyler is very versatile, llelia-

an aptitude for applying himself to new-and various tasks. m(»vi:m'

easily from one engagement to another, with very little h'ss (>f tunc.

This trait be revealed in the readiness with which he re<pnnd<'d to Icn

father’s persuasion. Simply putting aside his plans and ambition- I'T .k

professional life, he entered the business world and gave to hi- nr<N

found duties such energy and attention as were sure to win sm'* -'

In 1878 ho entered as a clerk the house of Kimball. Tyler and P'

iJH.i'/T Y5iH3.H HHH80lJiia '

v-n*iH .1 imoml .Ya'4aH imttOl.^'joTgsoziA «iil / ;g?>8X ,8 ©nul ni mod gaw ,is!vX

10 eiol jio8 yh/s3 oHj .^bit th<xi no

'îfii// fJd ri$iyT ILtidcni'A nobusi> bun si1v£>?.ui1d

•ii boiftqi t)H .oôaJij^4^^ fii bnfi is/;gguib ,aBioia'{rfq js

?t.i{ J ni srf j nmhlhh qi; jtni^ririd iii e/ii«q

iniiaunS cw vi^Lroribi^.aî lio^mid btuXovsb ba^> ;o!idv^ fU'io// vIIbî

A. .mod) io‘l hiod -lisdl b:rit lbs lo^ inirft

ni iiTgniiiro'^q 0t.*yi3x ri‘)irlw p.îlikiip gftili .^B od*t bf>inonniiol*(TYnuH02 3ntdmo^ }^niam%l biixi .aojJ'>ir-:,:y:^» ^;f(i ’eAodJfA eid

•mid iol fbo qiijrf hfi/oHa ?>iTrit ihuiv &iU ‘wH mid’

ri .7 giiinijQ'M •9iiu>ii«id 'to g’f/Div -^bni/Xa bu%-’ifta» bab'iorlni dH-dgwoioiici

b')7i0ooi oH eti bn« ojoraiiliifl ai Stta{H ritiiO'^ îH,oin/n(;biS ni ,ioo/i*>« e'l/jijni/I ,D X4i aoiln^nb'^ viAitiioaiala aid

d‘dri’/7 moil X’lmfjjLl Xuoij‘)CjimoD sdj nsdX boij

« rt7/oil{ ja saibotft sid suiunijorvO .8781 ai fie^/iubjcnM a«v/ or*

airb qt ^fidV/ ' .7781 ni Hhobrif^^ aid ar,w od p{vtie

Inu; nqqn/I n:>CK'T id’l oxfj !o n yiTtiiO-'Kf i?»b{T .'li/^ flOitutitani

I'rtb;; QioijuJi/’dI ol brnwôi ‘^H .aodirnaixji't noii-5 (3TJ xfjbCT adX

ji; dvow ?>;faxbiii|^ Jaoq qtf'':doQi biia o^voj oim?^bfion tUi ;<ntttiIqmoa

'it/q aid p^liai^vixiTJ anfdqoH andol adt j/; oinaioa Icaildoii bna ^{lojeid

.aoifc '.alo'iq anioa loiao ol ^niaci aaoq»o>i id bobnimoq ioI'{T .iCI ,*rodiijl a/iJ

,iava7/'»d,9mif ?idt n/od/.

> hna nnin Innolaaoliojq n âimoood to iioiXnaJai aid qo ivig oj

ca;.' )!l .aljjii.yiav /'J0V8I i9l'{T. il/ JjiiaXani lyaioo âaniamf a noqDi-nivoiii .(-.darJ suohnv hnn*7r^n ot tiaamid jjnirlqq/i wl obutiiqa xia

2 i'ij lo a>o( X'mv dXrn ,i9djona oXJn'nn9:sa::^fT9 ano inoij ylteas

^ d of babfi<j}qî od dotdv.^ dXiv^ aaanibjuat ad^l ni bal/iavoT ’V.f linit eiriX

fuîoiiklma baoanr.Iq&uf abbn înitiuq .nopiu/^jaq^'iadinl

7'*)ir -id uTava;* ban bhov/ ^-.anrajjd orlvT bardna ad .alii Ir.aotaaaloiq

^>•• > 1 ,.?. ^liv; Qj gj. noitnoitfi f>nn rir>UH aaijub i)fli/o)

•ouO bfTft"'no!‘{T ,11/^dmi/] !«» oaood edj diab a ha boiatna 9x1 8781 nl

i

•i

)

}V

i

i

"<:\

a-^*X

JOSEPH HENRY TYLER 383

pany, barrel manufacturers, in Baltimore. Pie continued here for

seven years, until 1885, when he resigned this position that he mightenter into partnership with A. A. Kennard & Company, commission

merchants, with which firm he remained for three years. For the

next eight years, from 1888 to 1896, Mr. Tyler was interested as a

partner in the steam cracker bakery of Tyler & Brothers. Onhis retiring from this concern he took up his present duties with

the Bagby Furniture Company, manufacturers of furniture, where he

fills the offices of secretary, treasurer, and general manager.

A disposition to contribute to the weal of the world has entered

largely into his life. In his business, his home, and his church, he has

been animated by a desire to do his part faithfully. Every worthy

enterprise in which his aid has been requested, has found a sympa-

thetic advocate in him. This willingness t-o lend a hand; this

disposition to further all good interests, has created for him manyavenues of usefulness, and, as the habit of doing well the duty nearest

at hand usually opens a larger field, Mr. Tyler has been one of the

busiest of men. There is a constant demand for his advice upon

problems for the general good; and his time and his influence are fre-

quently solicited to foster some newly launched enterprise.

Mr. Tyler is a thoughtful speaker and a parliamentarian of high

order. He has been connected with the Young Men’s Christian

Association for twenty years, serving respectively as director, mem-

ber of the interstate committee, and chairman of the Central Branch

in Baltimore City. He has been a member of the Board of mana-

gers of * the ^laryland Tract Society for eighteen years. For ten

years he was treasurer of the executive board of the Maryland Bap-

tist Union Association, and for more than ten years he has been presi-

dent of the same organization. He was at one time president of the

Baptist Social Union of Baltimore.

In May, 1907, at the annual meeting of the Southern Baptist

Convention, which is the representative body of all the Baptist

churches of the South, he was appointed chairman ot tlie executive

committee of the Layman’s Missionary Movement for the Baptists

of the entire South. This appointment opens great opportunities

for usefulness, and Mr. Tyler believes that it marks one of the most

important events in his life.

Mr. Tyler was married September 2, 1SS5, to Miss Florence

Rochelle Land, of King and Queen County, \ irginia; they have had

raviliH E’iaeoi

10^ 5* baiusiîiQO eji . noxjiitkH ijii I^rnxid ,'{naqUhyr: ml Jûit fioiH>oq>idt bsi3;giw &d m'dv/ nsvsanoi2^rii!iixoi>i^Vfti't« jEioO ^-biv^n/iaH .A . A dîw <|id{i'i3nJir>q olai taino

,orit w1 iârr/urao'T ml rm(t doidv/ ,fiimdoi9m

sst,’ laivT ,6^31 o;t dBdl, nw)eO .«tf?djcnO •;> ftflxT ô TiSil'Lria 0 laoctiijq

dliw (fimiuk ‘lijmmq Bis! q si :ôi; t fnoono') drit iOOkI eidmUrimlv/ ,<yjii.tinmi !o *ynjsqra«30 '{d>^ adi

iwr3na:;i bn/s /i-jiue/j-OTt 1o aaoilio adi bHSb9V}Sii& ir.mi bhoy/ fjttil }o Tiifiv/ ^dj oj aii/uhiitoot ncdîeoqa/b Afiiid ?>d ^rfoiurfa Bin bna ^!>inoff p.id .esaaiBud aid'nl .elif Kiii oSni vle^mlyriJ-K)// v'ftiYliJ Buf oh ol fl'iis^b d vd baxemiai naad-jj(jmvB bniiol B«d ,ba)u9jL'poi mod bmA bin ad doidv? ni aai^q^^>â^ ^BitU ;i^n«d ii bn^>l o-i aa$n^nHJiv7 BbiT .mid "di aiâovbâ tdidd^y-anm min m)l hotfrm end .siBssofai boo^ iln rndJiuh oj aoiîBoqeibjHOi/rOiy 3fist f(M7/’ ôiob lo iidnd t»dt p.q ^bns ,BBo/TluioBsj Jo aai/navaod: fo ono nosd e.ad johT yi!A ,bhii n: emqo x^kijau bmd 3b0oqft 93/vbi^ Bidfol bxicmab ^nfitenoaiJi si saadT .naoi lo iaeiaud

ômubni eid bm; ami;! eirf bmi ;booî, fnvj;is^ ad^ tol amaldoiq.miqiotm b$doau/if ylv/a/t afuos laiaol of h$.)hi[oa x^mup

fbid !f» niinp.tnadi<iiii,fiq j: i.n.i xadm)q2 « ai lelyT .iM0/iilin.dO pJ/roU eds duvr boi^mno:) m^d ?./d oH .xsbxo

,ipf3'3iib 8fi ylaviôaqaei ^rtoi^ .aifiav Tln^wbiol ftoUnhossAdosid-Uf fp/rmO o/h Jo'piumiqd^ bnis .aaJditiajoa dJdieiaJai edJ Jo lod

'

-isfiiu;? h> huo8 odi m icKimam x> naacf aexf aH vfi3 oxomidna nimi lol. ,aimx snîdm wl yiohoB ô/r^T hmhulA edS-Jo aiaj^

l aisincK o:fi lo bxijod oviiuoom otii Jo iîs^Pnoii ejsv/ '^rffirriiay

-r 'nq r->9*i snii cri ain-JY rra.l amh wiom loi bnu .iWiirJooeKfi. noinLT îjOiil î» inabiasiq oi.'iit jan Jo mvr sH .noiJosijiBgio onica oriJ }o Jipb

•nornidBa MnoinIJ I

^Bhqjia nxodji/oa diii Jo âdooni Lumnn adt .rji ,TOGF ,vM iil

iBuqp.il mU Hi; }o ybod onihimeor/qm'^ adi er daidw ,noiinavnoJavhaooxo offt Jfy nnrmimh hoiniorrqfi ^rr/r mi jUijoS odj lo BsdrujdoBteilq/dJ Qdi loJ imwovoK zpnmimR B'msmypJ &di IdmUimmooâaiiinanoqqo inony^ Bim\o Jnafnbiiojqxi BidT .db/o8 axitna odi Joieocxi^ od: Jo oao vji i^dt eavailad xolyT .tIA ban ^sBOfiluJoau loJ

4‘ .alii aid ni eiaovd jnfij'ioqmioortoxoia pksM oi ,o?8f ,£ ladmstqaci bahi/irri anv/ lab/I .xl^

bnd ovnd x^dr ;nini::‘xi7 ylniioO naoup bm* gni>I Jo ,hnnJ alM'joH 1

384 JOSEPH HENRY TYLER

four children. His home life is not a matter of secondary impoi tanro

to him, as it too often is the case with the philanthropic wcjrkcr.

Mr. Tyler spends a large part of each day with his \vife and children,

and the demands of outside interests are never permitted to inters

rupt his practice of taking all of his meals at the family board. He Is

a strong advocate of exercise as an adjunct to good health, and spends

considerable time each day in the gymnasium. Mr. Tyler has always

been fond of out-of-door sports, though in recent years his opportu-

nity to indulge in such exercise has been much curtailed.

One w’ho has been intimately associated with him in much of his

religious work, on one occasion remarked: “In his office, he is on

duty; in his home, he is at home', in the sanctuary, his cry is: ‘Speak

Lord, for Thy servant heareth.’ His name should be written amon-.:

the names of those who love the Lord, and, like Abou Ben Adhcni.

he should also be written down ‘as one that loves his fellow men.’”

(

jiajifT 7fTv:is

vr.;!imoqan xîibnOoaa lo n sm ei ©lii f^cnod siH .xi9tbUd» liiol

*>d.r Hliv/ ?wwio ti nîôôoi il jfiti/i o)

djiv/ \x\b 98ii!iri5'6biTf>49'^

iiiiwf olbaiîrrnoq 'W«n afaîwlo abisamab îit bai

Ki oH ' .btôd '»d$- el^s-m eid 1o il<a sni;^»J io cûUamq mi ^qtn

kbivxi‘d bnjj ,dik»d boog loitiuibs an an 9eir3!sofe) !o aiijoovbi: âgî%A

>:'\yi‘An Efiri •jeJitT -tM ?^r!j oi dtyjcj^ amh ©Idjsidbisxioo

s.! i ^>qqo aid nrn^y'iAmPor m dî/oidi âctioqs loob-lo-luo io b«^>i aodd

.b^bîTn'^ fhi:m nmd eftii oemo-Xd doiia a: agiiubni oi X'îxx

fxid 16 doiim x!i mid diifw odw mOno ei sd MtÔ dd /li'' ibsdir.ma'i

}U')q(3 ‘ :d ronitloam odi ni ;omot\ io el od eid ni [Xâb

astih/? &d bisJodB 6mna aill *>iiJ3i/isd ^dTiol.bioJ

.rnttdfai-* ttiÊ m‘>dA3dH ,b0i3 ,bioJ 3diJ ovol odw mods \o mmm ods

''•ox.

Xi,

JAMES HIXON VAN SICKLE

JAMES HIXON VAN SICKLE, since July 1, 1900, Superintend-

ent of the Baltimore public schools, was born in South Livonia,

Livingston county. New York, on October 24, 1852. His father,

John Landis Van Sickle, was a prosperous farmer and grain merchant,

who held several positions of honor and trust in his town and county.

His mother was a descendant of a member of the Greene family of

Revolutionary fame. Like many other well educated women of her

I

day she had been a teacher before her marriage. The progenitor of

IT:he Van Sickle family in America was Ferdinandus van Sycklin, who

I

was born in Holland about 1635 and emigrated to America when a

^lad of seventeen. The early life of James Van Sickle was spent in

the country, where his father cultivated a farm just on the edge of a

small village. This farm, however, was not far from Rochester, and to

that progressive city the boy made occasional visits. The only son,

—

there were two daughters,— young Van Sickle was thrown to a large

extent upon his own resources for amusement and entertainment: for

the former, he cultivated a mechanical bent of mind; for the latter, he

had access to a rmall but unusually well selected collection of books

in his own home and an endowed library a few miles away.

He attended the village school, until he was fourteen or fifteen;

and regularity and punctuality in attendance were insisted on by his

parents. The boy heljied on the farm at all sorts of work suited to

his strength; and as he grew older, he was relied on to keep the

farm machinery in order and to mend most broken things. All this

\

furnished a very real and valuable part of his education.

\When seventeen years of age, he entered the Albany (New \ork)

I

Normal school, from which he was graduated. He took this course as

ithe most feasible way of attaining earning capacity to pursue further

I studies, and with no definite intention of making teaching his life

I

\»ork. A liking for the profession, however, came with exjH'rience, and

after teaching for a few years, he studied for a time at W illiams college

and then returned to teaching. Subsequently, he removed to the

West and completed his college course at the I niversity of Colorado,

where he received the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Master of .Arts.

aj;?0I8 MAV MOXIH 8at;4Al

-bn^tnri0qxj8 ,0(X>X ,I <josm ,aJ>JOia'^KAV K021H 83[1/:aT,c!riovU. xiluo8 xii mod ar/// êlooiba oifduq siomiJkH dd) lo Ine I,*i*5>dJi5l slH .1*581 no, ;iioY nojaîviJ

nisT3 bnp. 'lonnal Euowqacnq n &B7/ ,9l’ioi8njj7 eibnnJ nilol

,7j(Woq b(i£ nv/Oj «itixif »t£trii bac lonoxfô Biioilleoq bnsvss hhd oHv;

Xo vikdfil onâiO drft lo /i lo (tniibnoDe^b xs snv/ loritom »iHii>d >0 itaniov/ llavr i^xljo Yamat ohid .arnjcr Y;xr,fiolJi;IoveiI

loiifiogoiq DiiT .egfih'ifi/n *x9il oioled lorlonoJ a naod bed sds viib

Offv/ nev aubannibioTl ni xdmaJ 'jhAoiS neV edfe ftodv/ eohoniA oj bne c80I bnelloH rri mod sewni jxioqa &i.rY oldoiB ii^y ?.5fnel lo old yheo oxfT .nooJaovoa lo bel

e ito 9§bo 9di no nnel e bojavidi/o lod xel aid oied // .xiinuoo odPot bxie ,ioXaodooHino*il êl ion aa\^ ,nnfil mdT .sâUr/ llama

,008 ',({fio odl -gXieiv liiffoiaeooo &bam yod odX viio 9’/'iaes*i;goiq Jedtogiei o;t iiWQ-id} mw,0Moi& mV ^nuo'r — ,«i9jfig(mb ov/S oi^w aiodjlol :5aoxn/iiejTo^no bne dnornosome loi booii/oaoi nwo air{ noqu inoixsod 1(>1 j~bni>'jT lo biod leoinedooxn a bolevixltfo od ,*ioxmol adXadood lo ooitoolioo boJooIoe Ibv/ , I'e.oFjjxiJi/dud Ifecm jb ol rboddb bad

.^lim wm a^ximdll bewobm fin baa smod nvro aid ni;

;p':dia to ;i'>oj:fL-ol *jjv/ sddihwjood }e oseiflYodt bsbaoila oHaid yd no boiaiexii Oiov/ôoiiebno^ja nr yliiei/loinjq bne vXheIn:ôi boaoi boSluit }ko7/ lo eitoe da;4e nnaVod; xro boqlsd yod odT .aXnsiaq

adx nood oi no boibi aav/ sd ,toblo vxo*i^ od ec iyaii ;dt§nsija aid

aid^ liA .fi^nid? nodoqd laoxxi bnom o3 brie lobio ni ‘/tonidoern ratal

.rtf iietnho aid Jo ^teq obienfr// ban '{tsv a bsdaimuJ(:ho A v/oVI) ynediA odi boTOtno od lo ao'.OY nootnovoa nodV/Eis 33Ti;ot aid) A(>cj oH .iioJeubaijr aev/ oii doidv/ moil ,loodo3 fermoVIlori nnl 9f/8iifq ot yjhtiqno ^nimna ^nini^JJn 1*> yaw sldiaeol Xaoni ddidid iid ^nirioeot j>nidem lo /rofJnoJ/ii odnilob on dtirr bna âoibuie

baa ,otnorioq/.o tiJ'r// onieo ,iO'/9V/od ^noiaaoioiq odX lol jjnr>Id A ,Aw*fOôlioo ajuailli^/ Je srnil n tol boibuic od ,8taov //ol a 7ol :i^riid')fiOj i9iV.

9ffX oi bovoraot ad ,’{lXnojjpo8di;8 .gnidoaoX oj bornuiot nodJ ban,ol>molo0 lo yJiaiovinU edj okijjoo oôlfoo aid bojolqmoo baa iesV/

.aJiA b le ahA lo 'lofadoaH lo eoanâb odi bo'/hooi od oiadv/ ^

JAMES HIXON VAN SICKLEds8s

Mr. Van Sickle began his career as an educator in a diMr. •

school in western New \ork. Later he w'as princi])al of vi.... ,

schools in New Jersey and New York. Then, he became instru. • -

in a college preparatory school, Cook academy, Havana, New.

and next, principal of a city school in Denver, Colorado. Fromposition, he was promoted to the superintendency of the Northschools, one of the three districts into which the city of Denver w

divided, where he continued until July 1, 1900, when he was invio .l

to accept the superintendency of the Baltimore public schools. Si:*. •

1902, he has been a special lecturer upon School Administration in i •

University of Chicago and at Yale University.

Mr. Van Sickle was married on August 1, 1SS2, to Can.l;:.

E. Valentine. They have had four children, two daughters and tu .

sons. Mr. Van Sickle is a Presbyterian in religious affiliation. 11.

is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, the University Club •

’

Baltimore, the National Educational Association, the Society lor t'•

Scientific Study of Education, and is one of the sixty member- <>’

the National Council of Education. In 1904, he was chosen prc-;-

dent of the Department of Superintendence in the Southern Kdii-

cational Association, and president of the History Teachers’ Associa-

tion of the Middle States and Maryland. He has written articl* >

for educational journals and for the proceedings of ediicatiomi

as jociations.

Under Mr. Van Sickle’s superintendency, the public schools <

•

Baltimore have been reorganized and a merit system of appoint na :;'

and promotion of teachers has been adhered to. Supported by an

exceptionally able school board, his administration has been a pcri<'-l

of marked advance in the Baltimore public schools.

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GEORGE WASHINGTON FAYETTEVERNON

ERNON, GEORGE WASHINGTON FAYETTE, real estate

broker and attorney-at-law, born at Frederick city on June

14, 1843, was the son of Nathaniel and Charlotte A. Vernon.

His father, a man methodic in his habits and temperate in all things,

began life as a lawyer in Pennsylvania and later served for forty years

as professor of mathematics in Frederick college. He was also a

soldier in the V'ar of 1S12 and a school inspector in Frederick county.

The emigrant ancestor was Thomas Vernon, who came to Philadel-

phia in 1GS2 and soon settled in Chester county, Pennsylvania.

Thomas Vernon, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a

soldier in the Revolutionary war.

George W, F. Vernon spent his youth in Frederick attending

Frederick college, an old country academy, reading works on history

and geography and the lives of successful men, w’orking at gardening

and fruit culture in spare hours. An ambitious boy, he was fond of

organizing his classmates into military and fire companies, theatrical

and debating societies and football teams. He studied law in the

office of one of the Frederick bar until the Civil War broke out.

When he was but eighteen years of age he enlisted on August 10, 1861

,

as second lieutenant in Cole’s cavalry, Maryland volunteers. He

served throughout the whole war and was mustered out on June 28,

1865, having been successively promoted to the positions of first

lieutenant, captain, major and lieutenant-colonel and having acted

as brigadier-general in active field service. He was a brave and

dashing cavalry officer and lost an eye from a wound on January 10,

1864, at Loudon sleights, Virginia, in a midnight battle in the snow.

In 1896, he was appointed on a commission to prepare the records

of Maryland men in the Civil War and was largely responsible for the

completeness of the two volumes, in which those records were pub-

lished in 1898. He also wrote the section on the Military and Naval

History of Maryland which appeared in Nelson’s “History of Haiti-

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GEORGE WASHINGTON FAYETTE VERNON^392

more’’ in 1898. He is a member of the Loyal Legion, of the GrandArmy of the Republic, of the G. A. R. club of Maryland, and of the

Union Veteran Association of ^laryland of which association he

served as president in 1888-89. From 1878-83, he was post com-mander of Reynolds Post No. 2, G. A. R.; from 1884 to 1886, he wassuccessively junior vice commander, senior vice commander anddepartment commander G. A. R. Department of Maryland, and from

1900 to 1904, he was a member of the Board of Governors of Wilson

Post No. 1. G. A. R. of the G. A. R. club.

Colonel Vernon affiliates with the Protestant Episcopal church.

He is regular in exercise and liabits, temperate in all thimrs and

finds health and recreation in walking, lionseback riding, bicy-

cling and exercise with Indian clubs. He is a frequent at tender of

theaters, lectures and card parties. Especially docs he enjoy travel-

ing both at home and abroad, and his letters describing his trips, have

been enjoyed by many who have read them in the columns of the

Baltimore newspapers.

Colonel Vernon was married to Sarah A. Todd, in San Francisco,

on August 18, 1873, and they have had five children, of whom three

are now living. After the war, he settled in Frederick and engaged in

farming and in the brokerage business. He was postmaster of

Frederick from 1867 to 1869 and special agent of the United States

treasury department from 1869-77, and, in that capacity traveled

over the L^nited States, spending three years on the Pacific Slope

and in his offiicial capacity was dispatched to South and Central

America. From 1878-82, he was surveyor of customs of the Port

of Baltimore, since which latter date, he has rcsidetl in Baltimore and

has given his attention to legal cases, pending in the ^ nited States

Court of Claims, and before special commissions, especially those

adjudicating the Alabama Claims.

His influence in the departments at Washington and before the

congressional committees is known and respected. He has also been

interested in loan companies and in real- estate operations. 1 nun

.4I885 to 1903 he was a special attorney for the Merchants and

Miners Transportation Com{)any ot Baltimore and he is much

'‘interested in the uplmilding of an American Steam .Mercantile

Marine.” Colonel Vernon has always been an ardent Republican.

He is a member of the .Maryland Historical Society and of tlie .\men-

can Forestry Association. Life has taught him perseverance and

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GEORGE WASHINGTON FAYETTE VERNON 393

tV.Al one should never despair, that where nothing is risked

u.'tV.i'.'g is gained, that patriotism, the performance of one’s

iuty tvN tnsi and country, the pursuit of physical and mental culture,

i ion to succeed in the battle of life by all honorable means,

Mui in. one’s self will inspire confidence in others, and insure a

x'>Uo\vn.\j;' auvi help when needed.

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JAMES RUSSELL WHEELERj

WHEELER, JAMES RUSSELL, banker and philanthropist, !

was born at Cheltenham, Oxfordshire, England, May 21,]

1843, and came to America when three years old. His

father, James Wheeler, was a merchant, whose chief characteristics

were honesty and sobriety. His son developed under circumstances

that were altogether favorable to the molding of a kindly disposition.

He enjoyed good health, was fond of all kinds of sports, and hadample opportunities for the acquirement of a liberal education. His

;

time was divided betv/een the city and the country, and he stuihed

both at the public schools of Baltimore and at private institutions.

When a boy of eighteen, James R. Wheeler enlisted in the Con-

federate Army and served throughout the war. He began his busi- j

ness career as a contractor in Baltimore, in the year 1865. Laterj

he became manager of the Maryland White Lead Company, con- I

tinuing in this position for twenty-one years, from 1870 to 1891. s

He severed his connection with this concern to become manager ofj

the Maryland Veneer Company.j

In 1894 !Mr. Wheeler organized the Commonwealth Bank, of^

which institution he was elected president, an office which he still^

fills. The success that has attended Mr. Wheeler’s management of

this banking house attests his unusual ability both as organizer and^

I financier. Venturing into a section of the city which had not before j

f supported a bank, he created for it a large and useful field. Alter '

! the su cess of the enterprise had become assured, ^Ir. Wheeler con-|

I tinued unceasingly his labors for its improvement and expansion.j

The bank structure, originally more than ample for its requirements. '

i soon was crowded with the increased business, and it was enlarged

so that today it is one of the best appointed banking establishments^

in Baltimore. With this increase in business there has also been an i

increase in capital, and the original capital has recently been doubled. {

From his earliest years Mr. Wheeler has been an active laborer ^

in the charitable work of the Roman Catholic Church. His busines.s 1

success in late years has added to his means for carrying on the good

JAMES RUSSELL WHEELER ^ 397

work in which he was engaged, and for this reason his commercialcareer has been followed with unusual interest by those who are best

acquainted with the charitable acts of the man. Mr. Wheeler is

not of that class of philanthropists, who, though willing to contribute

money for alleviating the ills of the poor, are unwilling to come in

contact with those whom they aid. He has always personally dis-

tributed his charities. He is known to the inmates of the Catholic

orphan asylums as well as to the students of the Catholic seminaries;

and both his purse and his presence are dedicated to the service of

his church.

Next to his church, the field of charitable work which has mostenlisted his enthusiasm, is the home at Pikesville, Maryland,

where live poor and disabled survivors of the Maryland Line in the

Confederate Army. Mr. Wheeler was a member of the Confederate

Army (in which he reached the rank of general), from ISGl until Lee

surrendered to Grant at Appomattox; and since that day his heart

has been open to all who wore the gray, and he has labored as has

perhaps no other man in Maryland, to supply the wants of the

veterans who are gathered in the Maryland Line Confederate Home.As a helping friend of his old fellow-soldiers in the Confederate

Army, and especially as the patron of all Catholic movements, Mr.

Wheeler will deservedly have a prominent place in the annals of

Maryland.

He has been a valuable man to the Democratic party of his city

and state; but in that service he has been only one of many laborers.

In his philanthropic work, however, he has occupied a unique posi-

tion. Unmarried and without family responsibilities, he has given

freely of his time and money to others He has expressed the con-

viction that the chief usefulness of his life has been in his willingness

and his power to devote himself to the welfare of others. Standing

closer to Cardinal Gibbons, perhaps, than any other layman, he has

had ample opportunity to become acquainted with the needs of his

denominati m, and, through his labors in this connection, he has

sometimes been called ‘‘the most favorably known Catholic layman

in the country.’’

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JERE HUNGERFORD WHEELWRIGHT

JERE HUNGERFORD WHEELWRIGHT, of Baltimore, vice-

president and director of the Fairmont Coal Company, the

Consolidation Coal Company, the Somerset Coal Company,the Southern Coal and Transportation Company and the Cumber-land and Pennsylvania Railroad; and president and director of the

Canal Towage Company, and the Cassville and Honongahela River

Railroad, and director of many other important corporations wasborn at Exeter, WTstmoreland county, Virginia, on the loth of May,

1SG7. His father, Frederic Dodge Wheelwright, was a physician

who had served as surgeon in Company C of the 9th Virginia Cavalry,

from 1861 to 1863, and after 1863, as surgeon in hospital work until

the close of the Civil W^ar. His mother was ^Irs. Eleanor Ann I

(Hungerford) W^heelwright. The earliest known ancestor of his|

father in America was Reverend John Wheelwright, who was born =

I

in England in 1572, received his degree of Master of Arts at Cambridge

University, England, in 1618, and emigrated to Boston, ^lassachu-

setts, and afterward founded the towns of Exeter and \Vells, Massa-

' chusetts. Lieutenant Thomas Hungerford who served in the Revolu-

tionary Army during the Revolutionary W' ar was a great great-grand-

father.'

Jere Hungerford Wheelwright passed his boyhood in the country.j

Like other healthy boys he was fond of out-of-door sports. Attending

the elementary and preparatory schools he was fitted for a course l

in law, which he pursued at Columbian University (now George

Washington University), at Washington, District of Columbia,

receiving the degree of IjL.B.

On the 19th of February, 1901, he married Miss Eleanor Polk

Kalkmann, daughter of C. W. Kalkmaim, of Ihdtimore. Jhey have

had tw’O children, sons, both of whom are living in 1907.|

While I\Ir. Wheelwright has but just reached the age of forty. !

he has been very prominently indentitied with coal and transporta-

tion interests, and through the offices he has held and the wc'rk he has|

done in connection with numerous corporations in this line ot busiiie.">.

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JERE HUNGERFORD WHEELWRIGHT ^401

he has come to be identified with many of the other prominent bus-

iness enterprises of Baltimore. He is now vice-president and direc-

tor of the Fairmont Coal Company, of the Consolidation Coal Com-pany, of the Somerset Coal Company, of the Pittsburg and Fairmont

Fuel Company, of the Clarksburg Fuel Company, of the Southern Coal

and Transportation Company and of the Cumberland and Pennsyl-

vania Railroad. He is also president and director of the following:

The Canal Towage Company, the Cassville and Monongahela River

Railroad, and the Maryland Construction and Contracting Company.

He is a director of the Metropolitan Coal Company and of the North-

western Fuel Company. He is a director of the Maryland National

Bank, of the J. Spencer Turner Company and of the Bellview Improve-

^ment Company. He is a director and a member of the Executive

Committee of the Continental Trust Company, and of the Consoli-

dated Cotton Duck Company.

His address is 10 Madison Street, West Baltimore, Maryland.

CHARLES STONE WIGHT

WIGHT, CHARLES STONE. In few divisions of the commer-cial life of America today is there as keen competition as

in the freight departments of the larger railways. Since the

principal source of revenue of the transportation companies is their

freight rather than their passenger business, they cultivate, and guard

with exceeding zeal, the trade which they regard as theirs by ridit;

and they are not above coveting the business of competing lines.

When the competition is great, it is but natural that competing com-

panies should be especially careful concerning the character of the

men whom they employ to represent them in soliciting trade from

the public, and in supervising the handling of business obtained.

As a result of this competition for men of brains and good judgment,

among the transportation lines, there has sprung up in our country a

sort of commercial diplomacy which centers about the freight trans-

portation of the United States.

The freight agent of a railway does not attain the prominence in

the public eye w’hich is given to certain other railway officials. He

labors wffiere the limelight seldom plays. But to the railroad presi-

dent and the board of directors, the success of the freight agent, and

of the manager of the freight traffic department, is a most important

factor in the success of the road.

When Mr. Charles Stone Wight, the present manager of freight

traffic of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, began his biTsi-

ness career he started in a line of work for which he was especially

fitted, and he started life with the belief that sober, industrious habits,

wdth reasonable ambition, would win success. It was not long betore

the freight clerk began to show results; not only to his immediate

employers, but to the heads of competing companies. He scmui

created a demand for his services, and successive promotions have

followed, until he has come to be at the head of the freight depart-

ment of one of the great railway systems of America.

Charles Stone Wight was born at Galena, Illinois, on August 0,

1849, the son of Calmes Lee Wight and Jeanne Stone Wight. Hi-

father, who practiced law, had been a captain in an Illinois regiment

during the war with Mexico. The family is descended trom the .Mai-

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^ 405CHARLES STONE WIGHT$

quis de Calm, a French Huguenot who emigrated to America in theeighteenth century, and from Governor Mumford, cf Khode Island,

w'ho with his two brothers took part in the battle of Bunker Hill.

The founder of the Baltimore branch of the ^Yight family cam.e fromSouth Framingham, Massachusetts, to Phiiadeiphia, where he marriedMiss Bartholomew, who was descended from a sister of Oliver Cromwell.

His early life was passed in the suburbs of Cincinnati, where heattended the public school at Avondale, near bis home, until his

eighteenth year. At the close of his school days, in I860, he beganthat career in railway service which has continued without interrup-

• tion for more than forty years. His first position was with the Little

Miami Railroad Company, In October he became a messenger; in

the month immediately following he was advanced to a clerkship.

In October, 1867. iMr. ^yight entered the employ of the People’s De-

spatch as clerk, and on December 15, of the following year he wasengaged by the Merchant’s Despatch as chief clerk. In April, 1872,

he was further advanced to the position of agent of the Merchants’

Despatch, and in September, 1877, he became westbound agent of

the Continental Line (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad).

In all these connections Mr. Wight was stationed in Cincinnati,

where he made his home.

He married on March 28, 1870, Anna Mauthe. They have had

six children.

On January 1, 1880, he was called to Baltimore, where he was

entrusted with the office of assistant general freight agent of the Balti-

•nore and Ohio Railroad Company. In April, 1882, he moved his

headquarters to Columbus, Ohio, though he retained the title of

assistant general freight agent. On November 15, 1884, 5Ir. Wight

was appointed general freight agent cf the Columbus and Cincinnati

Midland Railway, though continuing at the same time in his old posi-

tion with the Baltimore and Ohio; and his duties were further increased

when, on 51ay 1, 1884. he was appointed general freight agent of the

^ittsburg and Western Railroad. Sub.'^equently Mr.* Wight moved

to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where on March 15, 1888, he opened

headquarters in that city as the general freight agent of the Baltimore

and Ohio, the Columbus and Cincinnati Midland and the Pittsburg

and Western railroad companies. He continued his residence in

Pittsburg for eight years, coming luick to Baltimore on Marcli 1.), 1S06,

to assume the duties of manager of freight traffic (U' the Baltimore and

Ohio Railroad, which position he still holds.

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FRANCIS ALBERTSON WHITE. !

WHITE, FRAXCIS ALBERTSON, of Baltimore, a member of

the Society of Friends (Orthodox), whose membership hasquietly contributed so much of upright business character

and sound business principle to the development and progress of the

City of Baltimore, was born in Baltimore county, on the fourth of

December, I860.

His father, Francis White, was a capitalist of unblemished reputa-

tion and of excellent judgment in financial matters. His mother wasMiss Jane E. Janney.

As a boy, Francis Albertson White lived in the country, had

excellent health and early became an interested observer and an

ardent lover of Nature. The gradually recurrent changes of the

seasons; the green things growing;” the appearance and habits of

the plants and animals which his observant eyes noticed in the coun-

try life about him—all these things appealed to him in his boyhood

and have continued to give him great pleasure in later years. His

mother was a woman of high ideals whose moral and spiritual influence

has been strong in the life of her son. The circumstances of his early

> home were such as to give him the best school facilities; but while a

boy, he suffered from the temporary loss (for some three years) of

.the use of his eyes. History and biography early had an especial

charm for him; and during his manhood he has found great deliglit

in historical and biographical reading. He attended the school of

George G. Carey; and later he spent some time at Dr. Child’s schoci <

at Newport, Rhode Island. Here he was prepared for a higher liberal

course of study; and entering Haverford College, near Philadelphia,

he took the full four years’ course and a special degree of Master ol

Letters." *

His business life began as clerk in a wholesale provision house.

He had inherited means from his grandfather; and later still lurtlier

inheritance came to him from his father.

On the second of June, 1887, Mr. \\ hite married Miss Sarah 1 •

Ellicott, daughter of Thomas P. Idlicott, of Baltimore county, Mary-

land.

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FRANCIS ALBERTSON WHITE ^409

For the last twenty years Mr. White has been qnietly but very

efficiently connected with philanthropic work in Baltimore. He is a

director in the Provident Savings Bank, and in the Friendly Inn; and

he has been since January, 1902, president of the Board of Directors

of the Young Men's Christian Association; and in the recent campaign

to raise a fund of five hundred thousand dollars for the Young Men's

Christian Association, he is currently reported as having been very

helpful in securing that amount for this useful work for young men,

both by his personal influence and by the example of considerable con-

tributions from his own means.

By political convictions he is identified with the Pepublican

party. He is a member of the Baltimore Club, of the Merchants

Club, and of the Elkridge Hunt Club. Kis favorite forms of exercise

are the use of an auto-motor car, and golf. To the younger citizens

of Maryland he suggests as the way to acquire success: ‘‘Have a pur-

pose; set your ideal high; strive only for the highest and best.”

Mr. White's address is 15 North Street, Baltimore, Maryland.

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WARREN CURTIN WHITE 411

organizing and administrative ability of a high order, which has metwith successful rewards both in his business and public relations. In

1900 he was one of the organizers, and is now secretary and treasurer,

of the W. C. White Lumber Company, of Cumberland. He is also

president of the Queen City Brick and Tile Company, and is interested

in a number of other local enterprises.

In May, 1900, he w^as elected mayor of Cumberland, and was

reelected in 1902, serving in that capacity for a term of four years.

During his administration of municipal affairs he was instrumental

in paving many of the city’s streets, and in bringing about other

notable improvements.

Mr. White has always been a steadfast Republican, and an

influential factor in the councils of his party. Fraternally, he is a

member of the Benevolent Protective Society of Elks, and of the

Patriotic Sons of America; in religion, he affiliates with the Reformed

church. He is a man of attractive personality, enterprising, saga-

cious, and broadminded. He is positive in his convictions, and, both

in theory and practice, places great value on correct methods, stead-

fastness of purpose, and good habits.

On September 10, 1885, Mr. White was married to Miss Anna

Ellenberger. Fq^ir children l\,ave been born of this union, all of

whom are liying.^

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JAMES BOSBY NOEL WYATT

WYATT, JAMES BOSBY NOEL, was bom in BaltimoreMay 3, 1847, the son of William Edward Wyatt and Mar-garet Esther Noel, his wife. His father was a civil engineer.

W’ho became an invalid from deafness and lameness when about

thirty years of age and was thereafter unable to do active work.

Great refinement of taste and feeling, and love for all so-called mechan-ical arts, were among his marked characteristics. The earliest knownancestor in America was Mary Chilton Winslow, who came over to

Plymouth, Massachusetts, in the Mayflower, in 1020. She was mar-

ried to John Winslow, brother to the Governor of the Colony, and

from these ancestors Mr. Wyatt is in direct descent of the ninth

generation. By virtue of this ancestry, he is a member of the So-

ciety of Mayflower Descendants. His maternal grandmother was

a member of the Maryland Nicholson family, of which Francis

Nicholson, well known as a colonial governor in the later years of

the seventeenth and the earlier }'ears of the eighteenth century,

was also a member. Reverend William Edward Wyatt, whose

mother’s maiden name was Mary Winslow, was Mr. Wyatt’s internal

grandfather. Reverend Mr. Wyatt was associate rector and rector

of St. Paul’s Protestant Church, Baltimore, for more than flfty

years, until his death in 1864. He held prominent positf()ns in the

councils of the Episcopal Church, as the typical high churchman of

that day. His home was the old rectory on Saratoga Street, at the

head of Libeily, ouilt in 1792. He was an Englishman by birth, and

his father, a resident of Bristol, England, was also an only son. so

that his descendants are not related to other families of the same name

in America. He held prominent position, socially and as a public-

minded citizen in Baltimore, and was author of one or two books

of a religious character. His grandson continues a member of the

same religious denomination.

James B. N. Wvatt was born in a house belonging to his mother s

family, situated on part of the sit(^ of the present United States Post

Office, on Calvert and Fayette Streets. He was a nervous, sensitive

JAMES BOSBY NOEL WYATT 413

youth, especially interested in music, drawing, and quiet amuse-ments. In the formation of his character, he found specially helpful

the books of the authors belonging to the New England School,

such as Lowell, Emerson, Whittier, Hawthorne and Longfellow.

He writes: '‘Whatever of good may be in me I owe to the influence

of the teachings and high moral standards, in principles and conduct,

ofmy mother, instilled in me from early youth, with the most devoted

affection.”

His early years were spent in Baltimore city and county, andhe was for three years a pupil in the scliool of Reverend G. F. Morri-

son. The “ faulty training in early youth in lines of systematic study

and mental development and the ineflicient school systems in Balti-

more at that time"' were drawbacks to his later success. The family

removed to Cambridge, Mass., where i\Ir. ^^'yatt was educated by a

tutor for a year, and then at Harvard University, where he was

graduated with the degi-ee of A.B. in 1S70. A fascination from early

youth for designing buildings, together with a keen appreciation of

form and color, caused him to become an architect. He spent six

months at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, stinhung archi-

tecture, and was then a pupil in atelier Vaudremer, of the Ecole des

Beaux Arts in Paris, for parts of three years, the remainder of those

years being spent in travel. After his return from Paris he was in an

architect’s office in Baltimore for a few months, and then formed the

partnership of Wyatt and Sperry; sub.so(piently, he became senior

partner in Wyatt and Nolting, which firm still exists. Mr. Wyatt

modestly says; "If I liave been of any j>ublic value, it was through

the merits of architectural work done by my firm of Wyatt and Xolt-

ing, notably the new court hou.se. I attribute my success and good

fortune to association wan men of marked talent and ability, myposition in the firm Ix'ing largely one of consultation and advice.”

The Baltimore court hou.se, erected by this firm during the years

1898 to 1901, is a consj>icuous example of modm-n architofUiire as

applied to public buildings. It is built of white inarlde in Uen.ussance

style.

After the influences of hoim' and private* study, .Mr. Wyatt has

chiefly been guided by the “character, thought, words and work ot

men of Harvartl and New England, and by the art inlliK'uce’s oi I- ranee

and Itaivu” He is president oi the* Baltimore ( hapter ot the .'Vnu'ri-

can Institute of Architects, and a Uelhtw ol the In^tituti*: and ser\ed

414 JAMES BOSBY NOEL WYATT

in 1904, as one of tbe three inembersof the Advisory Board, the other

two members beina Walter Cook and Frederick Law Olmstead in the

architectural development of ‘‘Homewood,” the new site for the

Johns Hopkins University. In addition, he is Secretary of the Balti-

more Art Commission and a director of the Baltimore Municipal Art

Society. He was one of the founders of the University Club, of which

he is still a member. He is Bepublican in politics, but states that

“the party,' as such, does not influence me, but rather the principles

and the men.” He has never married. His experience leads him to

feel that the best methods for strengthening sound ideals are to “ aim

to sacrifice the too great individualism to the general benefit of the

community; to cuitivate a sense of good form, order and decorum in

public places, to think carefully, then act independently for principle

and purpose, not for party or an individual.”

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INDEX OF BIOGRAPHIES

Volume I

Warfield, EdwinAinslie, Peter

Alvey, Richard HAvirett, John WBaker, Bernard N. . . .

Baldwin, Charles WBaldwin, Summerfield

Bennett, Benjamine FBonaparte, Charles J

Brewington, Marion BBrown, Arthur GBruce, William CBryan, William S., Sr

Bryan, William S., Jr

Carothers, Daniel DCarroll, David HCollins, William

Culbreth, David M.RDoll, Melville EDrum, Richard CElderclice, Hugh L.

Fearhake, Adolphus

Fell, ThomasFoard, Norval EI'ranklin, Walter S

Frick, Frank

Fuchs, Carl G. OFunk, Jacob J

Gail, Georg W., Sr

Gail, George W., Jr

Gary, EdwanlS . ..

Gibbons, James Cardinal

Gildersleeve, Basil LGilman, Daniel CGilpin, Henry BHagner, Alexander B

Page

Hall, Clayton C 171

Harris, William H 175

Hemmeter, John C 179

Henderson, James B 185

Ho Ifman,R ichard C 1S9

Hood, John M 192

Hook, Jacob AV 201

Howard, William L 205

Hubbard, AV'ilbur 209

Huckel, Oliver 212

Hunt, German H 219

Janney, Stuart S 223

Jeft’erys, Edward M 224

Jones, Spencer C 226

Keedy, Martin L 230

Keyser, William 234

Latrobe, Ferdinaml C 241

Levering, Eugene 246

McCosker, Thomas 252

Miller, Theodore K 256

Morgan, Frahcis O 260

Mullan, Dennis W 263

Newcomer, Benjamin F 266

Newcomer, Waldo 274

Oswald, George B 27S

Pearce, Jam:s A., Sr 281

Pearce, James A., Jr 284

Porter, William F 2.86

Prettyman. Flijah B 291

Purnell, Clayton 293

Ritchie, Albert C 298

Rodgers, Fn'derick 303

Rohrback, Jacj)b 306

Schley, Winfields 310

,schultz, Edward'!' 317

Seth, .Joseph B 320

Page

27

31

34

38

45

48

53

59

63

64

66

68

70

75

79

83

86

93

96

99

102

106

108

113

121

124

131

135

139

140

146

149

153

156

160

k;i

418 INDEX OF BIOGRAPHIES

Skinner, Harry GSmith, Robert HSnowden, Wilton

Spence, William W. .

.

Stanley, Charles H . . .

Stephens, Martin B. .

.

Stone, John Theodore

Stone, John Timothy.

Stump, HermanTalbot, Hattersly W.

.

Thomas, Douglas H . .

Paye

Tilghman, Oswald

Toadvin, Edward S .‘178

Tyler, Joseph H 380

Van Sickle, James II 387

Vernon, George W. F. 391

Wheeler, James R 394

Wheelwright, Jere II 39S

Wight, Charles S 402

White, Francis A 40G

White, Warren C 410

Wyatt, James B. X 412

Page

327

330

334

336

340

344

351

354

359

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