Marathi text - UND Scholarly Commons

Work Papers of the Summer Work Papers of the Summer

Institute of Linguistics, University Institute of Linguistics, University

of North Dakota Session of North Dakota Session

Volume 3 Article 11

1959

Marathi text Marathi text

Mahavir Shah

Ruth Slotemaker SIL-UND

Eunice Loeweke SIL-UND

Mary Lou Derksen SIL-UND

Hazel Wigglesworth SIL-UND

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Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Shah, Mahavir; Slotemaker, Ruth; Loeweke, Eunice; Derksen, Mary Lou; Wigglesworth, Hazel; Dodson, Janice; and Maryott, Kenneth R. (1959) "Marathi text," Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session: Vol. 3 , Article 11. DOI: 10.31356/silwp.vol03.11 Available at: https://commons.und.edu/sil-work-papers/vol3/iss1/11

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Marathi text Marathi text

Authors Authors Mahavir Shah, Ruth Slotemaker, Eunice Loeweke, Mary Lou Derksen, Hazel Wigglesworth, Janice Dodson, and Kenneth R. Maryott

This language text is available in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session: https://commons.und.edu/sil-work-papers/vol3/iss1/11

https://commons.und.edu/sil-work-papers/vol3/iss1/11

SIL-UND Workpapers 1959

Text I

Student: Ruth Slotemaker·

Language: Marathi

Informant: liahavir Shah Bombay, India

Date: August, 1959

1. ikh-a ran-ath ikh one-C jungle-in one

sasa a.ni ikh rabbit and one

khaso turtle

rahath stay

hoth-ey // were-unc.

2. they dogh-ey cang-ali mitr-a hoth-ey // 3. sasa neyhemi they both-unc good-C friend-Ii uere-unc. rabbit always

khaso-was tya-ca hatu calonia-badala ani halu phalanya-badala turtle-to he-poss slow walking-for and slow running-for

cidawith as-ey // 4. khaso b'"" ic:ar-ey hey . saruwa a;ykhon gheth tease was-unc. turtle poor-C this all listen unc

as-ey // 5. eykh-ada sasa khaso-was mhanal-a / khi apan dhawania-ci was-unc. one-unc rabbit turtle-to said-M, that we run-poss

seriath race

kheluwia // 6. play.

khaso sasa-s mhanal-ey / khi mi far halu turtle rabbit-to said-unc, that I very slow

phalatho thu ma-la sohaja harowasil phan thu-la jar eywhadi ghamenda so much boast run you me-unc easily will-defeat but you-unc if

as-al thar is-unc then

". ma-zi tyayari a-hey // 7. I-unc ready am-unc •

kheylania-cey tharawil-ey ~i nanthar play-unc decide-unc and afteruards

nanthar tya dog-hani afterwards they both-C

seriath-is saruwath race-C start

seriath race

chali // Ps .

8. sasa saruwat-is joran-ey pudh-ey pha~th geyla / ani . rabbit in. !.;he

khaso maguna turtle behind

'") -::c;:~nning-unc fast-C ahead-C

halu halu phalath raheyl-ey // 9. slow slot'IT run. uas-unc.

ikh-a thikhan-ey hirow-ey gauath paheyl-ey // 10. one-C place-· C green-C grass saw- unc.

khi apan thod-ey gawath khav-ey / ani phunha that we little-C grass eat- C, and again

run Ps '

and y

sasa-ney watheyth rabbit-C on •• the •• way

sasa-ney wicar kheyla rabbit-C thouGht Ps

phal-ani saruwath run·- C start

kharawi // 11. nanthar .... cawath khani-as saruwath keyli // sasa-ney unc. afterwards rabbi t-C grass eat - C start Ps.

116


12. ..,

saea-ney barac gawath khal-ey ani tho • rabbit-C lot.oof grass ate-unc and he tethe-c

there-only

117 •

jopla // 13. slept.

khaso bicar-ey rnaguna ha.lu halu phaiath phudh-ey nighun geyl-ey / ani turtle poor - C behind slow . slow run ahead-C go Ps - unc, a{id

they he

jala Ps

siyothi dusari-a finally othcr-C

teyowh2, tya-ney then he - C

thokha-s pahojal-ey / I J.4. end-point-to reached-unc.

paheyd-ey khi khaso dusari-a saw - unc that turtle other-C

sa sa j eyohlj rabbit when

thokha-s end-point-to

jaga awake

phahojal-ey a-hey a~i tya-ney sariath jink:h-ali ah-ey /I 15. tya reach.ed-unc have-unc a:1d he- C race won - C has-unc.

.., nanthar sasa-ney khaso-was phunha khadhihi cidawil-ey nahi //

teased-unc neg. afterwards rabbit-C turtle-to again ever

Text II

1. ikh-a ran-ath ikh kolha ani ikh one-C juncle-in one jackal and one

sasa rahath hoth-ey I/ rabbit stay were-unc.

2. they dogh-ey they both-unc

c<l?lg-aley eood-unc

mitr-a hoth-ey I/ friend-M were-unc.

3. eykh-ada tya-na one-unc they-C

that

kahi a."zy"thing

khawi-as eat- unc

:re.ilal-ey nahi cet- unc nee

ani and

thi-amul-ey that-because-unc

they bhatkhath they wander

hoth-ey II werc-unc.

h. bhatkhath they ikh-a draksa-ca veyla-jawala al-ey / I war..derinc they one-C grapes-of vine- near· came-unc.

5. kolhi-ancy tya draksa-ca veyla-war eyk cang-ala moth-a draksa-ca jackal - C that grapes-of vine - on one good - C big- C grapes-of

ghada paheyla // 6. nanthar to V

mhanal-al ..,

hi sasa-s sasa bunch saw 0 afterwards he rabbit-to said - M rabbit these

draks-ey cang-ali ah-eth ani apan-a dogh-as ti puratil II grapes-C good - C are-unc and we - C both-for these are •• sufficient.

7. sasa kolhi-as mhanal-a I to draks-ey cang-ali ah-eth hey rabbit jackal-to said~ M those grapes-C good- C are-unc it

khar-ey I/ 8. phan ti apli-ala todatha yeytil ka I/ 9. karan ti true-unc. but those we - unc pluck can ? because those

thod-i un-ca ah-etha I/ 10. little-C height-at are-unc.

kolha jackal

rahanal-a prayatna kharu1ti.a II said - M try let us •

11. nonth.:ir afteruards

kolhi-aney draks-ey todania-karitha udi raarli jump Ps

phan ti but those jackal-C grapes-C pluck - for

dralcs-ey un-ca asalia-muley ti grapes-C height - at wert!-because those

tya-Ja hath-i kahi ali nah-ita II he-poss hand-in any were neg-unc.


12. tya nanthar that afterwards

118.

koldi-aney boraj pra.yatna keyla phan tye-la kahi jackal-C many try Ps but he-unc any

V yas 13. syoti yas success

al-ey nah-ey /I get-unc nec-unc. at •• the •• end success

yeyta nah-ey asey could get neg-unc this

pahuna to V mhanal-a I V thi draks-ey kahi canc-ali sasa-s sesa " seeing he rabbit-to said - M rabbit those gt>apes-C any good-C

nah-eyt II 14. ti ambata ah-eyt // 15. apli-ela ti kahi no-k.otall " neg-unc. these sour are-unco we - C those any nee-want.

16. apen dusar-i-kedey kotey-thari dusar-ey kahi mi=!,.at-ey ka we other-C-some some-place anything-C else will •• get-unc will

tey pahuya II 17. that see.

nanthar they doch-eyjihan teythun nighun afterwards they both-unc from there went away

geyl-ey II Ps - unc.

Notes: Horpheme division is indicated by a hyphen; word division by a space.

The symbols in the text:

Vowels--as given in Pike's Phonemics.

Retr oflexion--C 0

?Iasalization--y

ts--c

ts--c dz--j

dz--J

II -- final pause

/ -- pause

The syr.ibols in the literal translation:

C·-------case marker

unc-----uncertain

M----··--masculine

poss· ···--possessive

Ps------past tense

neg-----negative

?-------question marker


119. Free Translation:

1. A rabbit and a turtle were living in a jungle. 2. They were ac,od friends.

3. The rabbit always teased the turtle for. his slow walking and slow running.

4. The poor turtle used to listen to all this. 5. Once the rabbit said to

the turtle, 11Let 1 s run a raceo 11 6. The turtle said tot he rabbit, "I run

very slowly and you will defeat me easily. But if you boast so much, then I

am ready. 11 7. Then they both decided to race, and the race started. In the

beginnin~ the rabbit ran ahead fast, and the turtle ran behind very slowly.

9. At one place on the way the rabbit saw green grass. 10. He thoueht that

ha should eat a little grass anc.1. then start runninc acain. llo So he started

to eat erass. 12. He ate a lot of grass and then he slept there. 13. The

poor turtle went ahead, runnine; very slowly, and finally he reached the end

point. 14. When the rabbit awoke, he saw that the turtle had reached the

other end-point and had won the race. 15. After that the rabbit never

teased the turtle again.

1. A jackal and a rabbit uere livine; in a jungle. 2. They were cood friends~

3. Once they didn 1t get anything to eat, so they went wandering. 4. Wandering,

they came to a grape vine. 5. The jackal saw a big bunch of grapes on that

grape vine. 6. He said to the rabbit, 11Rabbit, those grapes are good, and

they are sufficient for us. 11 7. The rabbit said tot he jackal, "It is true

that those grapes are good. 8. But can we pluck them? 9. They are too high. 11

10. The jackal said, 11Let I s try. 11 11. Then the jackal jumped to pluck the

grapes, but since they were too high, they were out of his reach. 12, He tried

many more times but without success. lJ.. Finally, after seeing that he was

without success, he said to the rabbit, "Rabbit, those grapes aren't good at

all. 14. They are sour. 15. He don't want them. 16. We'll see if ue can

get anythinc; else at some other plo.ce. 11 17. Then they both left.


Student: Eunice Loeweke Lnngungc: Y.ln.rathi Inf ormn.nt: Mr. Sbnh

from Bombay, India Dc.te: August 15, 1959

A ~LlRKET CONVERSATION

1. cka mulgc. bnzc1r-at wr..tane kcawcns znto// 2. one boy m..".l'ket-in pens to-buy goes.

eke duknn-at cnng~le one shop-in good

watane pahuna to tGthe t['.Illb~to// 3. mulga/ hyll. wata.nean-ca phn.u peas seeing, he there stops. boy: these peas of rate

kai ahe// 4. dukandnr/ he watanc atha nne ratala ahcta// . whnt is. shop-·owner: these peas eight anna.s pound are.

5. kiti pahiJeta tuJ.J.// 6. mulga/ he watana fara mahaga ahcte// boy: these peas very costly arc. how-r,mch wnnt you.

7. phnu kai to naki rate whnt that fix

sange/ mhnnJe mi kiti kiawoyace to tell, so-that I how-much to-buy that

tarewina// 8. will-decide.

dukandar/ phnu ckaca c.he// 9. shop-0'",mor: rate fixed is •

tula you

bahiJc tewadhe want as-mu~h-.,.s

atha nne . ratala// 11. mulga/ nnhi// 12. te fn:ra to ghe// 10. you take. eight annns pound. boy: no. those very

mal1aga costly

nhcta// 13. kahi kami koren2ra nhiz-ka// 14. duknndar/ bare// are • any less nnke nre ? • shop-owner: okey.

snt a.ne ratela seven nnnas pound

pranu,,ne tula pc.hiJete towadhe at you want as-much-~s

ghcwune-ja// to-·buy go.

15. mulga/ rahj_/ / 16. boy: no.

ane annas

ratala pound

pra:rnnne ka at why

tarihi phau fare mehaga ahe// 17. seha still rate very costly is. six

dcte nahisa// 18. dukandar/ nahi// is-giving not. shop-owner no.

19. mala par9";19data nahi// 20. I afford cannot.

saha ane ratela pramane tula six annas pound at to-you

120


121.

dcuna/ mala kahica fayiada V

nahi// 21. mulga/ bara baba// onro-a giving, I D.llY profit hnve not boy: okey look-here.

tula V V saha V

dcawoyace astil/ tur mi ghcawoyace zur ane pramane you if six annas at to-give want, then I to-ta.ke

tayara ahe// 22. ready am.

bazuca dukandnr to-ac volis mate oradato// next shop-ot-mcr that-only time in-middle shouts.

23. he-mulga// tula zur swaste wntane pahiJC astil/ tur ikade ye// hey boy. you if cheap peas want will, then her~ come.

24. maJha-kade watane pac anc ratola pranll'.ne ahcta// 25. tula my poss peas five annas pound at are. you

pahiJete want

tcwac}e ghawuna-ja// 26. as-much-as to-buy go.

mulgo tea dukandar boy that shop-owner

zato/ a7J.i tethe watane pehato/ ani to tea-·lac mhenela ki he watane goes, and there peas looks and he him-to said that these peas

fare very

lehane s:mn.11

V

ane pre:mane annas at

nhete/ ani cangalc na-hite// 27. are, and good not-nre.

deta esalas/ tur gheina// giving are, then will-take.

28.

V

he watane these peas

zur if

to dulmndur that shop-owner

tin three

toda lit.t::!.e

cidato/ ani mhunato/ angry' nnd says

za// tu dusari kade kotehi watane go. you some to· place peas

ghe// get.

29. tula cangale watane palliJcta/ ani phau and you good peas Wl!.nt,

30. tula cangale you good

mulga boy

dusari other

kade t&

watane peas

zato// goes.

kotale how

rate

milanare// . will-get.

deaweas nako// to-give not.

31. nuntur aftcrwcJrds


A VISIT

1. ViJe/ he ra:m/ tu-ikade kadhi alas// (person's na:me): " •

hi ram, you-here when came.

bariksa sambali-ka/ ani tu yiete kiti diwas exa:m over -

" taITlt ahesa// 3. .:TC. ra:m:

? ., and you here how-many days

mi yiete yewuna don ti diwas I here already two three days

2 • tuJhi your

rahana stay

cale// spent •

mhaJhi my

pariksa exam

. " wagaire etc.

sudawa all

sumali over

ahe/ ani a ta me la is, afld now to-me

don mahine suti a~e// two months vacation have.

rahina// 6. nunter mi will-stay. afterwards I

dusare other

zaniaca going

kahi mitra ahet/ some friends are ,

. "' " WJCar ahe// 8. thinking a:m.

ahe/ ani tea-mule amca is ' and that-because we

5. yiete mi bahuteka atawoda bhar here I probably w;ek • full

simala-la caina// ?. " yiete maJe Simala-to will-go. my here

ani teanca-barober maJha simela-la and them with I Simala-to

majha eke mitra-ce tiethe my one friends-poss there

ghar house

rahania~ca prasna kahi yieta nahi// stayina-of problem any will-have not.

9. a:mi bahuteke sudawa we probably ali

tea mitra-ca that friend-of

bunga-leawer cottage in

rahu/ will-stay,

ani diethe zower-zower tin te car athawode rahu/ ani and there approx.-R three to four weeks • wil:1- stay, ana

ajubajuci tikane phahaniata surrounding places seeing

wela ghalawu// 10. time 1ri.ll spend.

' '( I Vl.Je,-. " Vl.Je:

tesec also

122.

tu azuna yiete kiti diwas ahanar ahes// you yet here how-many days staying are.

11. mi azuna I yet

yiete a ta diwas here eight days

rahana.r ahe//


,Notes: Morpheme division is indicated by a hyphen; word division is indicated by a space, The following symbols indicate:

Poss - Possessive ? - Question marker R - Reduplication I - Clause pause

II - Sentence f:innl pause

Sounds are indicated as follows:

C - conson.1.nt retroflex

C - ts c - ts j - dz :1 - dz

Free Translation

A MARKET CONVERSATION

1. A boy goes to buy peas in the m.."U'ket. 2. Seeing good peas in one shop, he stops there •. 3. Boy: "What is the rate of these

123,

peas?" 4. Shop-owner: "These peas are eight annas a pound. 5. How many do you want?" 6. Boy: "These peas are very expensive. 7, Tell me the fixed rate so I can decide how many to buy. 11 8. Shop-owner: "The rate is fixed. 9.Take as many as you want. 10. They arc eight annas a pound." 11. Boy: "Nol 12. Those are too expensive. 13. Will you mclce them arry less?" 14, Shop owner: 11 0key! Buy as many as you lW.nt at seven annas a pound." 15, Boy: "Nol 16. They are still too expensive. 17. ~Jhy don't you sell them as six annas a pound?" 18. Shop-owner: 11NoJ 19. I cannot afford that. 20. By giving them to you at six annas a pound, ·I will not make .a profit. 11

21. Boy: "Okey. Look here! If you will sell them at six annas, then I am ready to buy. 11 22. That time only the next shop-owner shouts in the middle of this conversation. 23. 11Hey,boyl If' you want cheap peas, then come here. 24. My peas are five annas a pound. 25. Buy as many as you want. 11 26. The boy goes to that shop-owner and looks at the peas there,. and he told him that those peas were very small and not good. 27. 11 If these peas were three annas a pound, then .I would take them. 11 28. That shop-owner gets a little angry and Sc.,Ys, 11 Go! You get some peas at another place. 29. You want good peas and are not willing to pay the price. 30. You will not get good peas. 11 31. Afterwards the boy goes to another place.

A VISIT

l. ViJe: 11Hi Ram! When did you come here? 2 •. Is you exam over, and how many days are you staying here?" 3. ffam: 11 I c . .lrcady spent two or three days here. 4. My exam and everything else is over,


and now I have two month's vncation. 5. I will probably stay here n full week. 6. iti'terwe.rds I will go to Simala. 7. Some of Il\V other friends are here, and I run thinking of going to Simala with them. 8. One of Il\V friend's house is there, and because of thut, we will not have a problem of staying. 9. We will probably all stay at that friend's cottage, and will stay there approximately three to four weeks, mid will also spend time visiting surrounding places," 10. Vije: 11How many days are you staying here yet?" 11. itrun: 11 I run staying here eight days. 11

124.


Student - Mary Lou Derksen Language - Marathi Informant - Mr. Shah From - Near Bombay., India Date - August 15., 1959

SUSA ANI KHASO

lo ekh -a ~lJ' -ath ekh sasa ani akh khaso rahath hothe //2. sasa one(I) N jungle in one (I)rabbit and one(I) turtle staying were rabbit

ani khaso doghe CaIJali rnitbia hothe // Je ,Susa khasO -as nehemi Cidewit.h and turtle two good friends were rabbit turtle O always tease

ase // 4. sasa neherni khaso -as thaJ -a harlu calaniee-bhedel oidawith con rabbit always turtle O 3 per pos N slow walking for tease

ase // 5. khaso the serwa aikun -gheeth ase // 6. ekda sa.sa khaso -as con turtle that all listen past con once rabbit turtle 0

mhanala khi aphan dhawhneaJi seriath gheuia // 7. nantr thiani ekh -a said that we running race will have after they one(I) N

zaada-pasun dhawuth dusere-a zaarada-pbarienth ja -weace / ani a.zo adhi tree from run other N tree up to reach P and one(A) earlier

pohacel tho seriath Ji~kala ase sumaza -wiace ase tharawi•le // B. thiani reach he race won unc suppose P unc decide Ps they

seliethis suru -wath-kheli // 9. khaso halyu-halyu unthr khaputh hothe // race start unc Ps turtle slow slow distance covering was

10. susa jorath pudhe gel.a/ ani nanthr thiani ekh -a thikani hirue-gar rabbit fast ahead went and after he one(I) N place green gold

gowath pahi-le //11. h:i.rue-gar gowath pahi-1¥,a nuntr thiala gowath lcha-weaja grass saw P green gold grass see uno after he grass cat unc

rec~u -cala // 12. wu thiani gawath kha-weas suru-wath kheli I/ 13. thiani temptation V and he grass eat unc start unc P he

wijar-kela khi thodh -a wela gowath kha-un aphan suhudz dusare-a jhadhathink P that little N time grass eat unc himself easy other N tree

phrienthe pohuju ani serieth jinku // 14. phun thiani barec gowath up to reach .and race win but he superlative grass

kha-le / ani tiamule thiala susthi ali // 150 susthi alya nunthr tho eat P and because he lazy became lazy unc after the

teathec chopi-gela / / 16. khaso halyu-halyu pulath dusuri-a jhadha-parientha there sleep P turtle slow slow running other N tree up to

poho•jale // 17. reach P

ani tiac wels sa.sa jaga --jhala // and that time rabbit get up P

125.

18. thiani pahi-le khi he see P that


126.

khaso duseri-a jhadha-parientha poho -jeli ahe / ani khaso -ani serieth turtle other N tree up to reach P had and turtle unc race

Ji~khli ane // 19. thia-wales thiani lajeeni apbli man -khali ghathli // won had that time he feel-ashamed 3 per poss neck down bend

20. thia nuntbr susa -ne phunha khaso -as kedihi cidewit-le nahi // that after rabbit unc again turtle O never tease P not

Conversation

A-- lo ri / apon az puskur diasani? behetalo // 2o tu kothe asthos // hello we today many days meet you where (V)have

B-- 3c mi aether phuner-la surkari nokari gurith-ahe // 4. ani I now Poona in government job work (V)have and

mhaza dethic rahnierja viJar ahe // 5. thu suthier konagare I there stay idea (V)have you now for whom

nogari-gurthos // 6. thu suthier gothe rahathos // job to work you now where to stay

A-- 7a mi sudtha yatij serkari nokari gurith-ahe // 8. mi I also here only government job working (V)have I

sudhie dadur-ale rahatho pul maza novil mothi jaga khenicrja now Dadar at stay but I new big place hire

.v V1Jar ahe idea (V)have

kara sudtierJi jaga far lehano ahe // 9e tuji mundori WU mule because present apartment very small (V)is your wife and children

kesi••kai ahet // 10. tumhi serwo ihethia seniwari scndeher-kari how they are you all coming Saturday evening in

anJar -karli Jahc.1.s-karith ahi // lL, mug ablea serwaji our place at tea for (V) is that time we all

bahet-hoil ani aphlele pusker bultha-yal // meet will and we many speak F

B-- 120 bure // 13. ami serawa seniwa.ri thuJa- kure 70 // all right we all Saturday your place at will come

14. bura nomusthe // good-bye


1~ rnaje wadil hindusthan-ath ahith // 2. the injinia ahith // 3. the my· f ,,.-'-.:1er India in is he engineer is he

mumbe -mate nogari garithath Bombay in service doing

// 4. mala Jar bho ani don bahini I four brothers and two sisters

ahith // 5. mazha motha bho yethots grand forks-mucthye rahatho // have Ilty' elder brother here Grand Forks in stay

6- mi taja-kre rahatho // 'le mala don bahini ahith // 8. ekh-a bahinji I he with stay I two sisters have one sister

12'7.

lugana -cali ahith // 9~ tia bahiniji ilzmanh arkithekhth ahith // 10. thia Jllc'U'riagc V that sister is husband architect is that

bahina ani tije iazmanhe nawi dilli-yethe rahatatha // llo rnazha ekh bho sister and her husband New Dehli in stay Ilty' one brother

mumba -phasona dukhsi-nes thinsi meilaol hubhli nawaci suhara ahe tia Bor!bay from C'"'~lJGh .. ~ .. : 10 miles Hubuli name city is that

suhara-madhler enJiniri~ koleJ mudhe jatho // 12. dusure dhoghe bho city into engineering college in goes Other two brothers

sareth jathath // lJ~ thasiets mazi lahan bahino sareth jathe // 14. mi school go also Ilty' younger sister school goes I

yethe motha bhawa ... J.cre rahatho // 15~ ..,~_,.1r~~ brother with stay

mhaza motha bho enJinir ahe // Ilty' elder brother engineer is

No ... ,es: Morpheme division is indicated by a hyphen; word division tu space;

and the following symbols indicating:

I Inanimate N Neuter

.A Animate unc Uncertain

0 Obj ecti vise-;, p Present tense

TT Verbalize:i. .. Ps Past tense ,

Pause Con Continuative I /I I/ F::i.nal paus3


Sounds are phonetic with the following changes:

h represents aspiration

1 is a retroflex 1

~ is velor nasal

c represents phonetic ts

j represents phonetic dz

Free Translation§..

L. A rabbit and a turtle were staying in a jungle. 2. The rabbit and the

turtle were good friends. 3o The rabbit was always teasing the turtle.

4n The rabbit always was teasing the turtle c.bout his slowness in walking.

5,, The turtle always listened to all af that. 6. Once the rabbit said to

128.

the turtle, 11We will have a running race., 11 7. Afterwards they would run from

one tree up to another tree, and it was decided that whoever reached the

tree the first would win th~ race. 8. They stnrted the race. 9. The turtle

was covering the distance very slowly. 10. The rabbit went ahead fast, and

and afterwri.rds in one place he saw some very green grass. 11. After he saw

the very green grass he was tempted to eat some. 12. And he started eating

the grass. 13. He thought that he could take a little time to eat the

grass, and easily reach the other tree and win the r~ce. 14. But he ate too

much grass, an1 because of this he became lazy. 15. .After he became lazy

he fell asleep.. 16. The turtle, running very slowly, reached the other

tree., lBo Then the rabbit got up, and ho saw that the turtle had reached

the other tree, and had won the race~ 19e Then he felt ashamed and hung his

headn 20. After that the rabbit never teased the turtle again.

A-- L Hello. We meet today after many days.2.Where have you been staying?

B-- 3. I have a government job in Poona now. 4. And nzy- idea is to stay


129.

thereo 5. rn1om are you working for now? 6. Where are you now staying?

A--- 7., I am also working at a government job.. 8. I am staying at Dadar but

now I plan to hire a big place beca,~se our present apartment is too small.

9o How are your wife and children? 10. Why don't you all come over to

our place Saturday for tea~ 11., Then we will all meet and talk things over.

B-_, 12 o All right ! 13 o We will all come over to your place Saturday.

14,, Good-bye"

l._. My father is in J"".dia~ 2~ He is an engineer. Jo He is working in Bomba.yo

4" I have four brothers and two sisters~ 5. My older brother lives here in

Grand Forks11 6 .. I am staying with him .. 7. I have two sisters. 80 One sister

is married~ 9c That sister 1s husband is an architechto 10. That sister and

her husband live in New Dehli.. llo My one brother goes to college three

hund:'ed miles south of Bombay (Hubli is the name of the city) o 12, The other

two brothers go to school~ lJo My younger sister also goes to school.

14.. I am staying here with rrry older brother.. My older brother is an engineer.,


Student: Hazel Wr_iggle~pr:th Language: ~a tni Informant .l"lahaVjr Shah

,i_J/J/ir.r, !/ ·, ~_,rY..·( ,·; Y , . r. . , r ' , ~-·· I" ..

(City- Bombay area country) Western lfidia

Date: A'qgust. 1.5, 1959

1~ ek -a ran-at ek nadi wahat hot-i // 2~ tia ~ne••unc jungle-in one river flow Ps.Con-unc That

nadi -jawu+ ek river-near one

safuroand-aje ja~ hote // 3. apple-of tree was

tia That

safur~end-ace apple-of

jaq.- a -wur tree-unc-on

ek one

makud rehat monkey live

hot-e // Ps.Con-unc

4~ he makug.-u / tia ja~-a -~ruredJi sefurcand-e This monkey -bp that tree-unc-i"rom apple-Pl

khaunu rahat ase I/ 5~ tia nadi-madhie ek eat live Ps.Con That river-in one

magur rahat crocodile live

tia jaQ.B,-jawu+ that tree-near

tia :inagur-is that crocodile-to

jat ase go Ps~Con

hi magur da.roz This crocodile daily

ani nantur makucj and afterwards monkey

kahi sefurcend-e takit ase II some apple-Pl give used to

7. magur Crocodile

ti khaun taca-si gapoa marit those eat him-with chit chat make

ase I/ Bo Ps.Con

ekud.a megur -ine wicarkela Once crocodile-a thought

ki that

jur if

he makug.-u I h:l-this monkey-hp these

sefurcand-e khaun rahat apple Pl eat live

asel tur hya-ce kalidju kiti jangili lagut P.Con then this-his heart how good taste

aselu II 9(1 mhenun ti-ne turuw -ila ki apun will [;o she-C decide-Ps. that I

bya maku4 -aje lm:J.is kusehikurun kha-wuiaji II this monkey-of heart anyhow to eat-wanted

10., tia nentur ti ek diwas makud. -as mhun-ali That after she one day monkey-to

II makud -U I tu me-la daroz safurcind-~ . monkey-bp you me-unc daily apple-Pl

detos I/ 11. me-la tu-la ekuda ghuri give I-unc you-unc once home

130

say-Ps.

khawu-ya.~ eat-for

gheun to take


jawuiadje want

nhe P.Con

ani tu-ln and you-to

kahi some

khawu-ya.s to eat-for

diawuyiaje want to give

ki that

me-la I-unc

nhe 11// 12: nnkuq ti-1.n P«Con Monkey her-to

pohota swim

yie.t can

nah-i· ·· ani Neg.,-S .. and

mhan-nle say-Ps

tia-muJ.e that-so

tu - J,1. your- Poss

ghuri home

yene to come

sakiya nah-i possible Neg.-S

/ /13 ~ Ir.agur Crocodile

tia that

makud-as mhun-ali 11Mi tu-la you-unc

" ma-Ja • monkey-to say-Ps I

pa~thi-wur back -on

gheun ma-Ja will take nzy--Poss~

ghuri home

my-Poss.

jain tia-mule will go that-so

tu -la pohuniaja V kahi ruhat presna you-to swimming problem any remains

14~ sewuti Finally

tia goat:' .. that thing

mnkuq. tia monkey that

·" mgur ~:.ca crocodile ... to

burac aguruhu many request

kelia doing

-

nantur after

makwj monkey

tear ready

jale // 15., nantur ek- e -dusi one-unc-day became After

mngur-ica pathi-wur crocodile-of back -on

gurj_ home

nigh -ale // 16~ st...1.rt-Ps.

basun sitting

nudi-ca River-of

tia that

madtia center

bhagi part

alea-wurti coming-after

1:iagur-ine crocodile-C

:makuq-a. s monkey-to

snngit-ile tell-Ps

ki that

tia thn.t

makuq-aje rudai monkeyr•Of heart

khawiace eat

ahe // P.Con

17~ tin That

1a: nantur

WefeS time

mnkud • monkey

tane tocja Afterward he awhile

:magui:---is s?'ngit-ile ki

todese little

ghabur-ale / / become frightened-Ps.

wicarkeln ani tio.-ne thought nnd he -C

ma-Jhe rude ma-jha crocodile-to tell-Ps that me-Poss. heart me-Poss.

burobur nah -i II 19., te mi jacj. -a -wurti tewuJ.e with Neg .. -Sgo That I tree-unc-on keep

ahe II 20n tu-la jur te pahiJi asel tur P.Con You-unc if that want F then

tu -me-la purat gheun jul £'".ii tethe gelia-wurti you-me-unc back take unc and there going -after

131.


mi tu-lL!. I you-to

hyn this

gostis thing

te ka:J.iz that heart

purut return

dein // F

tel\?' rea.dy

jo.-li // 22. become-Ps.

surwa sangit-o.le-le

21. megur Crocodile

IIID. gur-ilD. Crocodile-unc

ahe ase

132.

Ilk"l.k'· ·• -ane monkey ... c all tell-Ps.-uno

khure true P.Con. in this mnnner

wat -ale think-Ps.

ani and

tila kalij she heart

:rnnkud burobur-uc asile • monkey with-only unc

h,.,...., V • u,yc.,. -ci kahi kalpuno. nawhuti II 23. nantur ti this-about any

tia thnt

makud -as monkey-to

:· :ea

gheu."'l bring

didntt have After she

purut jad- a -zawu+ ali // back tree-unc-near Ps.(of bring)

24n ja~ -a -zawui alia vrurti meku<j.-nne jatkan quickly ~ ee-unc-near coming after monkey-C

ja~ -a -wurti udi m..'1.I'li ani to tree-unc-on jump Psn and he

magur-is mhannlo. crocodile-to said

ki thl!.t

tu -la

m-je me-Poss

lml::.s heart

fusuw-ile tia

. "ha . ·-·, ma-J ·-Jawl.U.-UC ~

~e-unc-with -only hote wns

pram-ane mi tu-la

II 25. mi I

fusuw-ile you-unc cheat-Pse that way -C I "Y"-Jl:':-uno cheat-Ps

ani hya pudhe mi and this after I

26~ mngur bicari Crocodile poor

Notes~

P Present Tense F Future Tense Ps Past Tense Con Contj.nuc>.:':.i ve Tense M Masculine Fm Feminine N Neuter C Case Marker Pl Plural Neg Negative

( Sg~ Singular ) Unc Uncertain Poss. Possessive

tu-la maitri tewunar nah- .. i -// you-unc friendship keep Neg.-Sg.

hirumusa-li ja-li // nervous-unc become-Ps.

Norn V

~/ ? bp

y C • C V

C

j

J

Nominalizer Verbalizer Pause Final Pause C:J.estion Marker Before Pause

equals nasalized vowel equals retroflexed consonant equals ts equals ts equals dz equals dz


l~ In n jungle there flowed a rivere 2. Near that river grew~an apple tree. Je Now n monkey lived in that appl~ ~ee. 4o This monkey lived on the apples from the tree; 5. In the river nearby lived a crccodilen 6. The crocodile used to vi~it the monkey every day, and the monkey would throw him apples~ 7~ After the crocodi~e had eaten the apples, he would sit and talk with the monkey., Bo One day the crocodile thought to herself that since t~is monkey lived on apples his heart would taste real good~ 9~ So, she decided to eat him; 10~ One day soon after, she told the monkey that since he had given.her apples-every day she would like to invite him to her home to eat o 12 :. The monke;r tol9- her he didn rt think he could go because he couldn:t swimr. 13~ The crocodile solved that problem by offering to talce him-on her back.. 140 After maey invitations .• the monkey gave in.i 150 The monkey got on the crocodile's back and off they started. 16. In the middle of the river · the crocodile told the monkey what he really planned to do~ ~7~ This frightened the monkey. lBo The monkey thought for a moment and then told the crocodile that he didn't have his heart with him., nr keep :rrzy- heart on the apple-tree, 11 s.-<d the monkey., 20~ "If you want my heart., then take me back to the tree and r:11 get it for you.,11~ 21~ - So, the crocodile decided to do whit the monkey saido 22. She believed every-7,'.'" ·; ·' he monkey told her ana. had no idea that a monkey's heart was really- in him,, 23. So, she took the monkey back to his treeo 240 Nearing the tree, the monkey quickly jumped up into it and then told the crocodile that his heart had been with him all the timec, 25, 11 In the same way that you cheated me I am now cheating you; nfter this you•re not getting any _ more apples and we're no longer even friends.," said the monkey. 26. This upset the poor crocodileo

133,


STUDENT: Janice Dodson LANGUAGE: Marathi INFORMANT: Mr. Mahavir-Shah

Bombay City., In~ia DATE: August 17, 1959 .

CONVERSATION BETWEEN SCHOOLBOYS

RAM: 1. he Vi'je// 2. tu ghar-at )ply karatu ahes// 3. baher Im nahi yeth// greet.Vij~yl you house-in what doing are? out wby donit come?

4~ apan khe}owwias zow// VIJAY: 5a nahire// 6. mala abhphias karawiaja us play-to let. no. I study to-do

ahe// 7. mazi pariksa zowal ali ahe ani mala. bare.tc near approaching is~and I lot

abhphias study haveo:i my exam

karowwiaja ahe// RAI4: BP are abhphias kasla kartus// 9. calo' aj to-do haven Cnd. study what-type unc. come-out today

kheluwia// 10~ abhphic.1.s tula. nanther karta yeila// 11. abhphias study let!playo study you afterwards can do.

karowwiala to-do

azuna yet

ahe// lJ~ pariksa isr exrun

puskhal vel ahe// 120 azuna pariksa ekh. mahina lamba " " lot-of time is. yet exam one month ahead

pariksa exam

kay kheuna baslas/ pariksa hi nehemitc who. t unc. unc. , exam the always

yowwiaJi// 14. aplia yhow weath apan puskhal khelale pahi'je// will-come,, our this age we lot-of· play should.

-15. nanther apliala punha khelata yenar nahi// VIJAY: 16. nahire/

afterward we again play possible not. no,

mala. wadilani sangitale ahe khi aj ekha dios ghari basu abhphias I father told has that today whole day home sit study

karowwiaja// 17. nahither te maln sandhie.kali ragawathila/ kc.'1.I'an to-do. otherwise he me evening• scold because

magacr.. parik~-- th mala. zangali :markh milale nahith we wadil far good rnnrks did not and father very la.st exam-in I

cidale// 18 .. hyti. weles mala got-made this time I

zang-eli markh good me.rks

milawile bahiJat// get should.

RAM: 19 ~ tu agadi ghabarath ahes// 20. wadilana you very cowardly are.. fa.ther

sangawiaJe hates told-have should

khi aj dupari kheiatu mhanuna airl. sandiakali abhphias karatu// ~ ft 0

that today afternoon will···play unc .. and evening 'Study will.

134


135.

VIJAY: 21 .. nahire// mi zar nol I if

bahir out

gelo ther went then

mnza lehan bhahu wadilene nw younger brother father-to

sangil khi mi kheleweas tell that I play

gelo hotu mhanuna went Ps. unc.

ani nanther mala and after me

'te he

ragowwethil//23a tula pahiJe ther scold. you want if

apan gher-et kelu:ye// RAM: 94. apan we home-in wi11-play we

ghar-at kay khalanar// 25. epliala fakta patye kelata yetil ani house-in what will-play? we only cards play will and

apan fakta doghac ahoth tyamole apliala anekhi ekh doghe zen we only two are so-that we more one two people

jastha lagethil ',I

apliala patye kelata yetil/ / VIJi'iY: 26.ghar-et mhanJe more will-require so-that we cards p1ay will. house-in

lehan bhawasiwny dusari konic nahi// 27. tyamole aplie barober petye with cards younger brother-else nobody notw so-that we

khelowwias dusari kun tyar honar// 28, nahither apan ase karuwia khi play-to other who will ready? otherwise we this will-do that

apan doghe yethets besun nostya gepa maria ani wela kadhuwia// we both here-only sit only chit-chat and time spend.

RAM: 29 .. mala gepe marawiaja far kantala ahe// 30. tula pahiJe ther I chit-chat very tired-of am. you want if

tu bayis you sit

geri// 3lo home.

mi rnatra I nwself

ekhatha zowuna alone go

khelina// 32,. bara mi zato maga// will-play,, all-right I am··going now ..

duserie other

kona-barobar-theri some-with

Free Translation: RAM: 1.. Hi Vijay.i 2. What are you doing? 3. Why don:t

you come out? 4" Let:s go play. VIJAY: 5 .. No. 6. I have to study. 7. My

exam is approaching, and I have to study a lot. RAM: 8. Why do you want

to study? 9~ Come out; let~s play today" 10. You can study afterwards~

11,, There is a lot of time yet to study., 12., There is still one month before

the exam, 13 .. Don 1t bother about the exam; the exam will always be there,,

14.. At this age we should play a lot,. 15 .. Afterwards it won't be possible

for us to play... VIJ.Jl.Y: 16ft No, Father has told me to sit in the house the

whole day to study. 17. otherwise he will scold me this evening; because


136.

in the last exam I did not get good :m..1.rks, and father got very mad. 18 0 This

time I should get good marks. R.1U'I: 19 .. You are very cowardlya 20. You

should have told your father that you would play in the afternoon and

study in the evening~ VIJAY: 21. No! 22. If I went out,then my younger

brother would tell my father that I wont out to play; and afterwards he

will scold me., 23. If you want, we will play in the house. RAM: 24. What

will we play in the house? 25. We can only play cards; and we are only

two, so we will need one or two more guys so that we can play cards~ VIJAY:

26,, In the house there is nobody except my younger brother o 27. Who else

will be ready to play cards with us? 28. Otherwise we will do this--sit

here and spend the time talking. RAM: 29 o I o.m very tired of talking!\

JOo If you want, you can sit in the house. 31,, I will go alone and play

with s omebody else n 32 ~ All right; I am going now.

CONVERSATIOrT BET.-JEEN FRIENDS MEETING ON ~ STREET

RAM: ln he ViJe/ tu yete kasa// 2. tu yete kadhi alas// 3. aj apli greet .. Vijay, you here how? you here when caxne? today we

beriac diosani ba~d zali// VIJAY: 4~ mi yethe don diosa purwi alo// I here two days ago carne~ many days meet Pse

5n mala suti pedeliamve mi yethe alo ani Jar ai!bwade yethets I holidays started I here came and four weeks here

rahaniaje mnza ViJar a.he// 6. tu yethe kote rehatos// 7o tu ata to-.stay my thinking iso you here where stay? you now

kote nowkari kertos// RlJ·I: B~ mi yethe dukhsin behagato rehato/ / where job work? I here south side staying.

9.. mela serkari I go-;ernn:.ent

nowke:::-i job

ahe pen mi duserie zanglie have but I other good

pegaraci nowkeri pay job

soderth ahe karene me7.a pegare puret nahi// 10 .. desec mi nevin zaga. searching am because I pay sufficient not. also I new place

kiniaja . " karit ahe kha.ren sedhtiaJi lehan ahe// ll. tu Vl.Ja!' zaga renting think·~ ing am because present place small is. you

V

sandhiakali kaay karenare ahes// 12 .. tula " wayle asil saniweri Jar Saturday evening

()

what doing a.re? if tifue have you

ther ..,

maza-geri '5ehase ka yeth nahes// VIJAY: 13. mi V • • saniweri then mv-home f'or-tea whv come not? I Sa.turd.av


137.

sandhiakali mokaln ahe// 14. . . evening free am.

mi tuza-kede jehas yeine// 15. dyareles .. I your-place for-tea will-come that-time

epeliale gepa mareta yetil// 16. berel saniweri sandhiakali bhetu we to chit-chat will. o.k: Saturday . .

evening meet

apan// 17. nemesthe// RAM: 18. tikh ahe// 19. nemesthe// we gr-eeting o.k. unc. gr-eeting.

Free Translation: RAM: 1. Hi Vigay., how come you are here? 2. When did

you come here? 3. Today., after a long time, we have met. VIJAY: 4. I

came here two days ago., 5e Because my holidays started, I came here; and

I'm thinking about staying four weeks. 6. Where do you stay here?

7. Where do you work now? RAM: 8. I'm staying on the south side. 9. I

have a goverrunent job; but I'm looking for another better paying job.,

because my pay is not sufficient. 10. Also I'm thinking of renting a new

apartment, because my present apartment is small. 11. What are you doing

on Saturday evening? 12. If you have time, why don't you come to my home

for tea? VIJAY: 13. I am free on Saturday evening. 14. I will come to

your place for tea. 15. At thct time we will have a visit. 16. Okay., we

will meet on Saturday evening. 17. Goodbye. R.lJtI: 18. Okay. 19. Goodbye.

NOTES: Morpheme division is indicated by a hyphen, word division by space.

The following symbols indicate

/ tentative pause // finc.l pause

unc .. - uncertain Ps. - past tense c.d. - conversational device

Sounds are indicated as below:

Vowels as fike1s Phonetics

Length - v•

ts - C

dz - j y

r - r

Retroflexion - C • tS - C

d~ - j


Student: Kenneth R. Maryott

Language: Harathi

Informant: Hahavir Shah Bombay, India

Date: Jufy"-August, 1959

1. eka safarcanda-c One apple -of

jada-war ek tree-on one

makad monkey

rahat ase. stay Ps-Cus

2. he makad This monkey

tya jada-warci that tree-from

safarcande khat ase wa tyac jada-warti apala vel apples eat Ps-Cus and that tree-on his time

kadhit ase. spend Ps-Cus

3. tya That

jada-jowal-un ek nadi vahat hoti. tree-near• -to one river flow Ps-Con

4. tya nadi-madhe That river-in

ek maaar rahat ase. one crocodile stay Ps-Cus

5. te makad ani ti magar he doghe That monk~y and that crocodile it both

can.gale mi tra good friend

hote. 6. makad nehimi magar-is safarcande todun takit were Nonk~y always crocodile-to apples plucking throw

ase ani magar ti safarcande khaun tyaca-si Ps~Cus and crocodile those apples eating him -with

gapa marit chit-chat V

ase. Ps-Cus

7. asr barac diwas cal-ale hoti. Ps-Con

8. doghanci cangali Like this many days go-Psv Both good

maitri jamli hoti. friendship V Ps-Con

9. ekda. tya Once that

magar-ine wicar kela ki crocodile-unc thought V-Ps-Uns that

he makad jar daroz safarcande khaun rahat asel tar yace kalij this monkey if every day apples eating stay unc then his heart

kiti cangale lagat asel. how good taste F-Con

kha-niace tharav-ile. eat-unc decide-Ps-Uns

bolanias sarawat keli. to talk start V-Ps-Uns

10. mhanun magar-ine tya makad-aci k:alij So. crocodile-unc that monkey-of heart.

11. ekda maeor jada-jowal geli ani makad-abarobar Once crocodile tree-near. went and monkey-with

12. ti magar mhan-ale makada tu This crocodile say.:.Ps-Uns Hey, 0 i-Ionkey you

mala daroz safarcande de-tos ani apali doghanci cangali maitri ahe me every day apples give-P-Uns and we both good friendship is

mala tula ekda ghari gheun ja-wiace ahe ani tula kah:i, kha-wias de-wiace I you once home taking go-Des P-Con and you some eat-unc give-Des

ahe P-Con

13. makad surwatis mhan-ali ki mala puho"-ta yet n-ahe monkey in the beginning say-Ps-Uns that I swim-P-Uns can Neg-P-Con

mi kaht ye-nar n-ahe. 14. pap mae;ar-ine barac agraha kel-ya warti I at all come-Re Neg-P-Con But crocodile-unc many requests V-Ps-unc unc

118


139.

te teyar jali. he ready V-Ps-Uns

15. magar tya-la mhan-ali tu maca pa~hi-war bais Crocodile him-to say:Ps~uns You my back-on sit

mi tula gheun ja-ti. I you taking go-P-Uns

16. maka~ tya gostis tayar jali. monkey that thing ready V-Ps-Uns

makad tya rnagar-ica pathi-war bas-ile magar-ine tya makad-as monkey that crocodile-of back -on sit-Ps-Uns crocqdile-unc that monkey-to

pani-aca medhia-bhaei ne-le ani ti tyas mhan-ali ki mi tula yete water-of center-part take-Ps-Uns and it him-to say:Ps-Uns that I you here

an- le ahe karan mala tuze rhudai kha-wiaci ahe. bring-Ps Con because I yours heart eat-Des P-Con

18. makad ti-la l!onkey her-to

mhap-ule mala parath neun sod. s3Y-Ps-Uns me back taking leave

19. ti mhan-ali n~hi. tu daroz She say.:Ps-Uns Nol You every day

safarcande l(haun raha-tos tar tuze rhudai kiti cancale lagat asel ani apples eating live-P-Uns then your heart how good taste F-Con and

mala te kha-·wiace ahe. I that eat-Des P-Con

20. makad-ane barac wela ti-la puskale tfonkey-that many times her-to many 0

gosti things

sancuna, pahil-ya pan ti magar kaht kel-ya aike-na. 21. telling try-Ps-unc but she crocodile at all think-Ps-unc listen-P-Uns-Neg.

sem1ti maked ti-la mhan-ale ki maze rhudai mi jada-war tew-eli ahe. Finally monkey her-to say:Ps-Uns that my heart I tr~e-on keep-Pf Con

22. tula jar rhude-yec pahije asel tar :r.iala adhi ka nahi sang-iteles?. you if heart-only want unc then me before why not tell-unc

23. mi tula te adhi-c dile aste. I you that before-only give unc

24. macer Crocodile

mha~-ali thik ahe. say-Ps-Uns right is

mi tula perat kinaria-wer cheun ja-ti ani tcthuna tu mala tuze ka;t.ij I you back bank -to taking go-P-Uns and from there you me your heart

de api mag mite kha-in. 25. makad mhan-ale thik ahe. Honkey say.:Ps-Uns riGht is

26. give-unc and then I that eat-F-Uns

n~ter magar-ine tya maka9,-as punha kinaria-warti a~-ale. 27. kinariaBank-After crocodile-unc that monkey-to again back -on bring-Ps-Uns

-warti al-ya barober maka9,-api cetkan kinaria-warti u9,i mar-ale -on come-unc as soon as monkey-unc quickly bank -on jump V-Ps-Uns

api to ja9,a-war ca~h-ala. and he tree-on climb-Ps-Uns

28. magar Crocodile

barac weia wat pahuna long time waiting waiting

mh~-ali maka9,a ka~ij k~ nahi takit tu? say-Ps-Uns Hey, Monkey heart why not threw you-P-Con

ki tu murl:ha ahes. that you fool are

30. maca kaiij maca j0t,1ai-ac aste. Hy heart me with-only is

29. maked mhan-ale :Honk~y say.:.Ps-Uns

31. kat-ij kadhi heart ever


140. vegale separate

aste k~? is ?

32. tew~ magar-is samaj-ale ki makad-ani Then crocodile-to understanc.1-Ps-Uns that monkey-unc

apanas fasav-ile ahe. her 0 deceive-Pf Pf-Uns

33. tya natar makad ti-la mhan-ali ki mi that after monkey her-to say:Ps-·.llls that I

tula daroz safarcandi ani itar e;osti kha-wias det asen tu-casi to you every day apples and other things eat-unc e;ive Ps-Cus you-with

maitri ke-li tya-ca tu asa opayoe; karo-niaca prayatno ke-las friendship V-Ps-Uns that-of you like this advantage make-unc try V-Ps-Uns

ani yaca padhe mala tuzi maitri na-ko ahe. J4. ai1d this after I your friendship Neg-uant P-Con

tya natar tya ' That after that

ma[,'<lr-is far wait wat-le karan ti-ci tya ma.kad-aberobarci .. crocodile-unc very sorry feel-Ps-Uns because her-of that monkey-with

maitri tut-ali. friendship break-Ps-Uns

Notes: Horpheme division is indicated by a hyphen; uord division by a space;

and tho foll01·ring symbols indicate:

p Present Tense Des Desiderative

Ps Past Tense V Verbalizer

F Future Tense Psv Passi viz er

Pf Perfect Tense Neg Negative

Con Continuative Aspect ? Interrogation Harker

Cus Customary Aspect unc Uncertain

Uns Unspecified Aspect

Sounds are indicated as bel01·1:

All sounds are symbolized accordine; to the syster.i of Kenneth L. Pike

(Phonetics, Ann 1'L"l'.'bor: Geore;e Wahr, 1943.), with the following

exceptions:

C - ts j - dz V

r - r

c - ts :1 - dz All vcmels may be nasalized. Nasalization is written y. All alveolar consonants may be retroflexed. Retroflexion is written C.


Free Translation

1. A monkey used to live on an apple tree. 2. This monkey used to eat apples

from that tree and he used to spend his time on that tree. 3. A river was

flowing near that tree. 4. A crocodile used to live in that river. 5. That

monkey and that crocodile were good friends. 6. The monkey always used to

pluck and throw apples to the crocodile and, after eating those apples, the

crocodile used to chit-chat with him. 7o It was goine on like this a long

time. Bo Both were good friends. 9o Once that crocodile thought if this

monkey lives by eatine; apples, then hot-1 good his heart will taste. lOo So

the crocodile decided to eat the heart of that monkey. 11. Once the crocodile

went near the tree and started to talk with the monkey. 12. The crocodile

said, 11Hey, lionkey, every day you give me apples and ue are both good friends;

once I want to take you home and give you sornethine to eat. 130 At first the

monkey said that he could not swim; he uould not come in any case. 140 But

after he had been requested many times by the crocodile, he acceptedo 15.

The crocodile said to him, 11You sit on my back; I will take you. 11 160 The

monkey accepted thisc 17" Afterwards, the monkey sat on the back of the

crocodile; the crocodile took the monkey to the center of the v.rater and it

said to him that he had brought him here because he wanted to eat his heart.

18. The monkey said to her, 11Take and leave me backJ 11 19. She said, 11NoJ

You live eatinc; apples every day; then ho1-1 good your heart will taste and I

·want to eat thut. 11 20. The monkey told her many thine;s many times, but the

crocodile did not listen at alln 21 .. Finally the monkey said to her that he

had kept his heart on the treeo 22" If she wanted the heart only, then why

did she not ask him before; he would have e;iven her that before. 24. The

crocodile said, 11All rie;ht, I will take you back to the bank and from there

you give me your heart, and then I will eat that. 11 25. The monkey said, "All

right. n 260 Afterward: the crocodile brought the monkey to the banlc again.


142. 27. As soon as they came to the bank, the monkey quickly jumped on the bank

and he climbed on the tree. 280 The crocodile, waiting for a lone time, said,

11Hey, Monkey, why are you not throwing the heart? 11 29., The monkey said that

she was a fool.. 30 .. His heart was with him only. 31. Was the heart ever

separate? 32. Then the crocodile understood that the monkey had deceived her~

33. Afterward, the monkey said to her that he used to Bive her every day apples

and other thincs to eat, made friends with her; she tried to take advantage

of that and after this he did not want her friendshipo 34. After that the

crocodile felt very sorry because her friendship with the monkey broke"

Marathi text - UND Scholarly Commons

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