KERALA STATE

DISTRICT ENVIRONMENT PLAN FOR KOLLAM

KERALA STATE

District Collector, Kollam District

District Collectorate, Kollam

Pin-691013

e-mail: [email protected]

District Environment Plan [Kollam]

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Contents

1.0 District Profile ................................................................................................................................... 4

a. District Administrative Set-up ......................................................................................................... 7

b. Local institutions ........................................................................................................................... 10

c. Natural Resources ......................................................................................................................... 12

Water bodies ......................................................................................................................... 12

Availability of water resources .............................................................................................. 13

Forest coverage ..................................................................................................................... 14

d. Geography & Demography .......................................................................................................... 15

e. Land-use pattern ........................................................................................................................... 16

f. Climate ........................................................................................................................................... 18

2.0 Indicative Gap Analysis and Action Plans for complying with Waste Management Rules ............. 19

(i) Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................................ 19

a. Current status related to solid Waste management ..................................................................... 19

b. Identification of gaps and Action plan .......................................................................................... 19

(ii) Plastic waste Management .............................................................................................................. 28

a. Current status related to Plastic waste management ................................................................. 28

b. Identification of gaps and Action plan ......................................................................................... 28

(iii) C & D Waste Management ............................................................................................................. 30

a. Current status related to C & D Waste ....................................................................................... 30

b. Identification of gaps and Action plan........................................................................................ 31

(iv) Biomedical Waste Management ..................................................................................................... 32

a. Current Status related to biomedical waste ................................................................................. 32

b. Identification of gaps and Action plan .......................................................................................... 32

(v) Hazardous Waste Management ...................................................................................................... 34

a. Current Status related to Hazardous Waste Management ........................................................... 34

b. Identification of gaps and action plan ........................................................................................... 35

(vi) E-Waste Management .................................................................................................................... 36

a. Current Status related to E-Waste Management ......................................................................... 36


3.0 Air Quality Management ................................................................................................................. 38

a. Current Status related to Air Quality Management ...................................................................... 38


4.0 Water Quality Management ........................................................................................................... 41

4.1 Water Quality Monitoring ........................................................................................................... 41


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a. Current Status related to Water Quality Management ................................................................ 41

b. Identification of gaps and action plan for water quality monitoring ............................................ 42

4.2 Domestic Sewage ........................................................................................................................ 44

a. Current Status related to treatment of domestic sewage ........................................................... 44

b. Identification of gaps and action plan for treatment of domestic sewage ................................... 44

5.0 Industrial wastewater management ............................................................................................... 45

a. Current Status related to Industrial Wastewater Management ................................................... 45

b. Identification of gaps and action plan for industrial wastewater: ................................................ 45

6.0 Mining Activity Management plan .................................................................................................. 46

a. Current Status related to Mining Activity Management ............................................................... 46


7.0 Noise Pollution Management plan ................................................................................................. 47

a. Current Status related to Noise Pollution Management .............................................................. 47



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1.0 District Profile

Kollam (erstwhile Quilon) district is situated on the south west coast of Kerala. Kollam City

boasts of a long history of political, commercial and cultural importance having found mention in several

ancient travellers’ accounts. References to Kollam can be found in Roman and Phoenecian accounts from the

first century C.E. In later times, it finds mention in the travel writings of the Chinese, Arabs and Europeans like

Muhammad Ibn Battuta, Sulaiman Al- Tajir and Marco Polo dating from 9th century onwards. The oldest name

of Kollam is “Desinganadu” after the king Jayasimha from whom the Venad dynasty is supposed to have

originated. The name Kollam has a long etymology bearing the marks of the place’s history spanning centuries.

With a varied colonial past under the Portuguese, the Dutch and the British, Kollam has locations of historical

importance like the Thangasseri light house, the St. Thomas Fort and cemetery built by the Portuguese, Thevally

Palace, Cheenakkottaram etc. Besides, it also is the site of several old buildings constructed by the Travancore

kings (its rulers during the pre-Independence times) in a variety of architectural styles, where many government

offices still function. Kollam prides in a rich socio-cultural history from ancient times. It had been a hub of royal

administration while being the capital of the ancient Venad province during 9th to 12th centuries C.E.

The term “Kollavarsham” designating the indigenous calendar of Kerala (Malayalam Era) owes its

origin to the historical fact that the calendar was commenced by the royal decree passed at Kollam by the

Travancore king Udayamarthanda Varma in 825 C.E. Its proximity to the sea and the presence of the natural

harbour at Neendakara had occasioned commercial transactions with foreigners from ancient times. Kollam,

one of the oldest sea port towns of Kerala, has a long history of commerce from the days of Phoenicians and the

Romans. Chinese settlements flourished in Kollam during the reign of Desinganadu Rajas. The Portuguese were

the first Europeans to establish a trading centre at Kollam followed by the Dutch and the British. In 1503, the

queen of Travancore invited the Portuguese, who had reached Kerala in 1498, to conduct trade with Kollam. In

due course of time, the Portuguese managed to construct a fort and settlement here inaugurating the colonial

history of Kollam. In the following years, the forces of the Dutch defeated the Portuguese and established their

hegemony over the place in 1661. The Dutch power continued until the Travancore king Marthanda Varma

defeated them in the battle of Culachel in 1741. Till this point of time, Kollam had been the capital of the

Travancore kingdom. The British arrived during this juncture in 1795 and in later years the East India Company

established its sway over Travancore. The first notable struggle against British supremacy was the one led by

Veluthambi Dalawa, the Prime Minister of Travancore in the early nineteenth century. Forging an alliance with

Paliathachan of Kochi, he fought several wars against the British. The historical Kundara Proclamation refers to

the famous address he made to the crowd gathered at Kundara in Kollam on 16th January 1809 declaring the

British to be the enemy of the people and calling upon them to fight for the land’s independence from the

foreign power. The Dalawa killed himself when the British surrounded him shortly after. Since his death,


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Travancore came fully under British control. Kollam had been the ground for several events of historical

importance during the early half of the twentieth century. The great heroes of Kerala’s social renaissance

Sree Narayana Guru and Ayyankali had found Kollam a congenial place to work among the communally

marginalized people of those times. In 1918, a meeting of the Ezhava community was held at Mulamkadakom in

Kollam to demand entry for the lower castes to Hindu temples. On 17th December1932, Kollam witnessed a

meeting of the members of the Ezhava, Muslim and Christian communities to demand for adequate

representation for their members in the legislature. This movement later developed into the historic

“Nivarthana Agitation” of which some of the frontline leaders came from Kollam namely C. Kesavan, P.K. Kunju

and N.V. Joseph. One of the tense chapters in India’s freedom struggle, the Kadakkal Revolt of 1938, took place

here. It was a farmers’ agitation against unjust taxes and tolls which later grew into an armed struggle against

government forces. Consequently, five men were sentenced to death and many others to life imprisonment by

the authorities.

Kollam has been the centre of cashew industry in Kerala from the time of the Portuguese in 16th

century. Having hundreds of working cashew factories in the district, Kollam still continues to be the largest

processed cashew exporter in India. Along with the establishment of a pre-school in Thiruvananthapuram in

1834, a district school was started in Kollam. English education in the district was initiated with the

establishment of Mount Carmel Anglo-Indian Girls School in Thangassery in July 1885. Kollam got its first ever

post and telegraph office in 1864. The Punalur suspension bridge, the only one of its kind in India other than the

Howrah bridge of Kolkota, is situated in Kollam district. A living marvel of British engineering, the bridge was

commissioned in 1877 upon the initiative of Maharaja Ayilyam Thirunal of Travancore. The first railway in

Travancore was the meter gauge track between Kollam and Shenkottai in Tamil Nadu commissioned in 1902

during the reign of Maharaja Uthram Thirunal. The first government hospital at Kollam, Victoria Hospital,

started functioning during the reign of Maharaja Sreemoolam Thirunal. Electricity came in 1924. Kollam also

holds the unique position of having been the first airport in Kerala until the commissioning of the Trivandrum

airport in 1932. Located in the open spaces of the Ashramam maidan at the heart of the city, its runway could

accommodate the traffic of light aircrafts. Neendakara and Thangasseri, the two fishing harbours and ports in

Kollam, support a thriving marine industry providing a variety of employment and livelihood to people in large

numbers.

Kollam district was initially formed on July 1, 1949. On November 1, 1956, it became a district of

newly formed Kerala State. In 1957, Cherthala, Ambalapuzha, Mavelikkara, Karthikappally, Chengannur and

Thiruvalla taluks of Kollam district were carved out to form Alappuzha district. In 1982, nine villages of

Kunnathur taluk of the district were merged into Pathanamthitta. The district has an area of 2,487.88 sq.km

which is about 6.40% of the total area of the State. Size wise the district is ranked 8th in the State. District lies

between North latitude 90o 10’ and 80o 45’ and East longitude 76 o 25’ and 77 o 15’. Out of the total

geographical area of 2,48,788 hectares, forest occupies 81,438 hectares and total cropped area is 141576


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hectares. One third of the total area of the district is forest area. The district has a coastline of 37.8 km and 27

marine fishing villages and 26 inland fishing villages.

On geographical basis, district can be divided into three regions – high land, mid land and

lowland. Karunagapally taluk and Kollam taluk partially stretches in the mid and low land regions. Kunnathur

and Kottarakkara taluks completely lie in the mid land region whereas Pathanapuram and Punalur taluk lie in

the high land region.

Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area in the Western Ghats, India, located in Kollam

district and comes under the control of Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve. It was established in 25 August 1984

and comprises 172.403 square kilometres . The name is derived from Chengurinji (Gluta travancorica), a tree

endemic to the region. The sanctuary is having an artificial lake of nearly 18.69Sq.km size and also surrounded

by the reservoir of Thenmala Dam. The Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary is a treasure house of plant diversity.

About 1257 species of flowering plants belonging to more than 150 families are reported from this sanctuary of

which 309 species are endemic to Western Ghats. Birds from 267 species including migratory, endemic and

endangered species have been reported here. Tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forest cover a major area

of the sanctuary. It has a presence of lion-tailed macaque, a highly endangered species. A brood of the highly

elusive nocturnal forest bird, the Great Eared Nightjar was spotted for the first time at Shendurney Wildlife

Sanctuary in Kollam. The first eco-tourism project in India, Thenmala Eco-tourism Project has been formulated

in and around Shenduruney Wildlife Sanctuary. Ecosensitive area (ESA) lands of the district are coming in the

villages of Punnala and Piravanthoor of Pathanapuram taluk and also in the villages of Edamon, Thenmala,

Aryankavu, Thinkalkarikkom, Kulathupuzha and Channapetta of Punalur taluk.

The district boundaries are Alappuzha district on the north, Pathanamthitta district on the

north-east, Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu on the east, Thiruvananthapuram district on the south and Arabian

sea on the west. Mineral resources are immensely rich and endowed with large deposits of beach sand

containing Ilmenite, Monazite, Clay, Bauxite, Graphite and Laterite. Sandy, Alluvial, Laterite and Forest soil are

the four types of soil found in the district.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Ghats

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollam_district


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agasthyamalai_Biosphere_Reserve

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluta_travancorica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thenmala_Dam

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_eared_nightjar


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a. District Administrative Set-up

The Administrative System of Kollam district is divided into Revenue & Local Self Government.

Organisation Chart of the Kollam District Administration is displayed below.

Fig 1.1. Organisation chart of the Kollam District Administration

Revenue

The headquarters of the district administration is centered at Kollam City, the district’s capital.

Kollam district has only one Revenue Subdivision, which has been further divided into 6 Taluks & 105

Villages. The taluks of Kollam district are Kollam, Karunagappally, Kunnathur, Punalur, Kottarakkara

and Pathanapuram. The list of villages is given in table 1.1.


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Fig 1.2. Map showing district head quarter, taluk head quarter, LSGIs etc.

Sl. No. Taluk Villages

1 Kollam 1.

2. 1. Shakthikulangara

3. 2. Thrikkadavoor

4. 3. Thrikkaruva

5. 4. Mandrothuruth

6. 5. East Kallada

7. 6. Mulavana

8. 7. Perinad

9. 8. Panayam

10. 9. Kilikollur

11. 10. Mangad

12. 11. Kottamkara

13. 12. Elampallur

14. 13. Nedumpana

15. 14. Pallimon

16. 15. Thrikkovilvattom

17. 16. Thazhuthala

18. 17. Vadakkevila

19. 18. Mundakkal

20. 19. Eravipuram

21. 20. Mayyanad

22. 21. Adichanallur 23. 22. Meenad

24. 23. Chirakkara

25. 24. Paravoor


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26. 25. Kottappuram

27. 26. Poothakulam

28. 27. Parippally

29. 28. Kalluvathukkal

30. 29. Kollam East

31. 30. Kollam West

32. 31. Perayam

2 Karunagappally 1.

2. 1. Alappad

3. 2. Ochira

4. 3. Adinad

5. 4. Karunagappally

6. 5. Thazhava

7. 6. Pavumba

8. 7. Thodiyoor

9. 8. Kallalibhagom

10. 9. Thevalakkara

11. 10. Chavara

12. 11. Neendakara

13. 12. Clappana

14. 13. Kulasekharapuram

15. 14. Thekkumbhagam

16. 15. Ayanivelikulangara

17. 16. Panama

18. 17. Vadakumthala

3 Kunnathur 1.

2. 1. Sooranad North

3. 2. Sooranad South

4. 3. Mynagappally

5. 4. Sasthamkotta

6. 5. Poruvazhi

7. 6. Kunnathur

8. 7. West Kallada

4 Punalur 1.

2. 1. Alayaman

3. 2. Anchal

4. 3. Arakkal

5. 4. Ariyankavu

6. 5. Ayiranelloor

7. 6. Channapetta

8. 7. Edamon

9. 8. Edamulakkal

10. 9. Eroor

11. 10. Karavaloor

12. 11. Kulathupuzha

13. 12. Punalur

14. 13. Thenmala

15. 14. Thinkalkarikkom

16. 15. Valakkode

5 Kottarakkara 1.

2. 1. Pavithreswaram

3. 2. Puthur

4. 3. Ezhukone

5. 4. Kareepra

6. 5. Neduvathur

7. 6. Kulakkada 8. 7. Kalayapuram

9. 8. Mylam

10. 9. Melila


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11. 10. Chakkuvarakkal

12. 11. Vettikkavala

13. 12. Kottarakkara

14. 13. Ummannur

15. 14. Valakom

16. 15. Elamad

17. 16. Odanavattom

18. 17. Veliyam

19. 18. Pooyappally

20. 19. Velinallur

21. 20. Nilamel

22. 21. Chadayamangalam

23. 22. Kottukkal

24. 23. Ittiva

25. 24. Kadakkal

26. 25. Kummil

27. 26. Mankode

28. 27. Chithara

6 Pathanapuram 1.

2. 1. Pattazhy

3. 2. Thalavoor

4. 3. Vilakudy

5. 4. Pidavoor

6. 5. Pathanapuram

7. 6. Pattazhy Vadakkekkara

8. 7. Piravanthoor

9. 8. Punnala

Table.1.1. List of villages

b. Local institutions

The Local Self Government Institutions include 1 Corporation, 4 Municipalties, 1 Disrtict

Panchayat, 11 Block Panchayats and 68 Grama Panchayats.

Urban Local Bodies (ULBS)

1. Kollam Corporation

2. Karunagappally Municipality

3. Kottarakkara Municipality

4. Punalur Municipality

5. Paravoor Municipality

Panchayats

The three tier system of Panchayats of the district comprises of the Kollam Jilla Panchayat

(District Level), the Block Panchayats of Anchal, Chadayamangalam, Chavara, Chittumala, Ithikkara,

Kottarakkara, Mukhathala, Oachira, Pathanapuram, Sasthamkotta and Vettikavala at block level and

68 Grama Panchayats at the village level. The list of Grama Panchayats is given in table 1.2.


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Sl. No. Block Panchayat Grama Panchayat

1 Anchal 1. Kulathupuzha

2. Eroor

3. Alayamon

4. Anchal

5. Ariencavu

6. Edamulakkal

7. Karavaloor

8. Thenmala

2 Chadayamangalam 1. Chithara

2. Kadakkal

3. Chadayamangalam

4. Ittiva

5. Elamadu

6. Nilamel

7. Velinallur

8. Kummil

3 Chavara 1. Thekkumbhagom

2. Chavara

3. Panmana

4. Thevalakkara

5. Neendakara

4 Chittumala 1. Perinad

2. Kundara

3. Kizhakkekallada

4. Panayam

5. Perayam

6. Mundrothuruth

7. Thrikkadavur

8. Thrikkaruva

5 Ithikkara 1. Poothakkulam

2. Kalluvathukkal

3. Chathannur

4. Adichanallur

5. Chirakkara

6 Kottarakkara 1. Veliyam

2. Pooyappally

3. Kareepra

4. Ezhukone

5. Neduvathoor

7 Mukhathala 1. Mayyanad

2. Thrikkovilvattom

3. Elampalloor

4. Kottamkara

5. Nedumpana


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8 Oachira 1. Oachira

2. Kulasekharapuram

3. Thazhava

4. Clappana

5. Alappad

6. Thodiyoor

9 Pathanapuram 1. Vilakudy

2. Thalavoor

3. Piravanthoor

4. Pathanapuram

5. Pattazhi

6. Pattazhi Vadakkekkara

10 Sasthamcotta 1. Poruvazhy

2. Sasthamcotta

3. Sooranadu North

4. Sooranadu South

5. West Kallada

6. Kunnathor

7. Mynagappally

11 Vettikavala 1. Vettikavala

2. Melila

3. Mylam

4. Kulakkada

5. Pavithreswaram

6. Ummanur

Table.1.2. List of Grama Panchayats

c. Natural Resources

Water bodies

The major rivers flowing through the district are Kallada, Ithikkara and Pallikkal.

Kallada River

The Kallada river originates in the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary in the eastern part of

the Kollam district. Thenmala Dam is constructed on this river. It flows through the towns

of Kulathupuzha, Thenmala, Ottackal, Ayiranalloor, Edamon, Punalur, Nedumkayam, Kamukumchery

and Pathanapuram. It then enters the plains where it flows alongside Pattazhy,

Enathu, Kunnathur, Puthoor, Pavithreswaram, Munroe Island and Kallada. The river's estuary is

situated at Kallada where it empties into the Ashthamudi lake through which it flows into the Arabian

Sea. Kallada River is formed by three rivers Kulathupuzha, Chendumi and Kalthuruthy which join

together near Parappar by the side of Trivandrum-Shencottah road. The length of the river is 121km

with a drainage area of 1699 sq.km. The important towns of the district situated in the basin are

Punalur, Pathanapuram, Kottarakkara, Adoor, Kundara and Kollam.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shendurney_Wildlife_Sanctuary


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thenmala_Dam

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulathupuzha

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thenmala

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulathupuzha

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayiranalloor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edamon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punalur

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karulai

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamukumchery

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathanapuram

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunnathur,_Kerala

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puthoor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavithreswaram

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munroe_Island

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallada

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallada

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtamudi_Lake

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea


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Ithikkara River

Ithikkara River originates from the low hills situated near Madathurikunnu at about

+240m above M.S.L. and from the hills located South West of Kulathupuzha. Vattaparambu stream

and Kundumon thodu are its important tributaries. River has a length of 56 km and a catchment area

of 642 sq.km. It flows through the towns of Alayamon, Ayoor, Chadayamangalam,

Edamulackal, Pakalkuri, Oyoor, Chathannoor, Ithikkara and Pooyappally of the district before

emptying into the Paravur estuary in Paravur.

Pallikkal River

Pallikkal river originates from the lower foothills of the Western

Ghats near Kodumon, Pathanamthitta district at an elevation less than +60 MSL, north-east of Adoor.

The river has a length of 42 km with a drainage area of 220 square kilometres and falls into the

Vattakayal Lake near Karunagappally. It initially flows through several towns towards west. It passes

through the towns of Adoor, Vadakkathukavu and Peringanad of Pathanamthitta district; Nooranad

of Alappuzha district and Pallickal, Sooranad, Pavumpa, Pavumpa-Churuli, Thodiyur, Vadakkumthala,

Kuttivattom, Mynagapally, Karunagapally, Ayanivelikulangara and Kandathil of Kollam district. At

reaching Ponmana near Karunagapally the river empties into the Arabian Sea through Ashtamudi

Lake.

Availability of water resources

Kallada Irrigation and Tree Crop Development Project is the largest Irrigation Project in the

State of Kerala. It comprises a straight, gravity, masonry dam across the Kallada river, at Parappar

near Thenmala in Kollam district and also a weir at Ottakkal, 5 Km downstream of the dam to divert

the water let out from the reservoir to the right and the left bank main canals. The project also

envisages generation of 15 MW power in addition to flood control, drinking water supply, fish-culture

and other economic and social benefits. The project proposes composite irrigation over a Cultivable

Command Area (CCA) of 61,630 ha (at 151% Intensity of Irrigation) with paddy cultivation in Valley

bottom lands and plantation crops in the Valley slopes in Kollam, Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta

districts. This is considered to be the first project in the country to adopt micro-distribution system at

the block level through PVC pipes to increase water management efficiency. The total number of

ponds identified by Harita Keralam Mission, Kerala comes to about 1443 Nos. and its ayacut area

comes to about 4400 Ha.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakalkuri

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyoor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chathannoor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithikkara

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooyappally

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravur_Lake

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravur,_Kollam



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodumon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathanamthitta_district

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karunagappally

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peringanadu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nooranad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallickal_Nooranadu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sooranad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thodiyur

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadakkumthala

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynagappally

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karunagapally

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayanivelikulangara

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karunagapally

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabian_Sea_through_Ashtamudi_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabian_Sea_through_Ashtamudi_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1


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Forest coverage

Forest is an area bearing an association predominantly of trees and other vegetation types

capable of producing timber and other forest produce. It includes notified forests, private forests and

vested forests, of which only the notified forests possess territorial boundaries. The other categories do

not have any demarcation in the ground as well as in the concerned topo sheets. This category includes

evergreen/semi-evergreen and deciduous forests, degraded forests where the vegetative (crown) density

is less than 20% of the canopy cover, forest blanks described as openings amidst forests without any tree

cover and forest plantations of trees of forestry importance and raised on forest lands. This category

accounts for 81438 Ha which is 7.53 % of the forest coverage of the state and 32.73% of the geographical

area of the district. Punalur Forest Division, Thenmala Forest Division and Shendurney Wild Life Division

fall wholly within the district. Konni, Achenkovil and Thiruvananthapuram Forest Divisions lie partly with in

the district. The forest area in the district is confined to Pathanapuram and Kottarakkara taluks. The

reserve forest/proposed reserve is 827.87 km2, vested forest and EFL constitute 12.69 km2. The type

wise forest coverage is given below in table 1.3.

Sl. No. Type Area in sq.km.

1 Semi evergreen/Evergreen - Dense mixed forest 5.66

2 Semi evergreen/Evergreen - Dense mixed forest

(Reserve Forest) 416.81

3 Semi evergreen/Evergreen - Dense mixed forest mainly bamboo

0.2

4 Semi evergreen/Evergreen - Dense mixed forest mainly bamboo (Reserve Forest)

0.17

5 Deciduous - Dense mixed forest mainly bamboo + teak (Reserve Forest)

64.01

6 Deciduous - Open mixed forest (Reserve Forest) 1.62

7 Deciduous - Scrub forest 11.05

8 Forest plantation - Teak (Reserve Forest) 231.35

9 Forest plantation - Eucalyptus (Reserve Forest) 10.37

10 Forest plantation - Rubber (Reserve Forest) 65.29

11 Forest plantation - Cashew (Reserve Forest) 0.56

12 Forest plantation - Oil palm (Reserve Forest) 20.1

13 Forest plantation - Tea (Reserve Forest) 6.59

14 Forest plantation - Bamboo (Reserve Forest) 2.05

15 Forest plantation - Teak + Softwood (Reserve

Forest) 7.1

Table 1.3. Type wise forest coverage


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d. Geography & Demography

Description 2011 Census

District State

Total population (lakhs) Male population (lakhs) Female Population (lakhs) Density per sq.km. Sex ratio (Females per 1000 males) Literacy (%) Male Literacy Female Literacy Rural population (lakhs) Urban population (lakhs) Increase of population (%) Life Expectancy (Years) Infant Mortality (per 1000)

Birth Rate

(per 1000)

26.35 12.47 13.88 1061

1113 94.09 96.09 92.31 14.48 11.87 1.72 72 6.44 8.73

333.88 160.21 173.66 859 1084 93.91 96.02 91.98 174.56 159.32 4.86 74 12

14.7

According to the 2011 census Kollam district has a population of 2,635,375 roughly equal

to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada. This gives it a ranking of 155th in India (out of a

total of 640 districts). The district has a population density of 1,061 inhabitants per square kilometre

(2,740/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 1.72 percent. Kollam has

a sex ratio of 1113 females for every 1000 males. The total literacy rate of Kollam district was

94.09%. The male literacy rate was 96.09% and the female literacy rate was 92.31% in Kollam district.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_census_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_planning_in_India

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_ratio

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_India


16 | P a g e

e. Land-use pattern

Sl. No. Category Area

(in Sq.Km)

Percentage

1 Built up land (urban) - industrial 0.01 0

2 Built up land (urban) - commercial 46.78 1.88

3 Built up land (urban) - beaches 4.2 0.17

4 Built up land (rural) - residential 17.65 0.71

5 Built up land (rural) - mixed builtup 0.62 0.02

6 Paddy - viruppu 82.96 3.34

7 Paddy - viruppu + mundakan 25.24 1.02

8 Paddy reclaimed arecanut 2.79 0.11

9 Paddy reclaimed coconut 3.69 0.15

10 Paddy reclaimed rubber 2.1 0.08

11 Paddy reclaimed mixed crop 6.53 0.26

12 Paddy reclaimed banana 32.22 1.3

13 Paddy reclaimed banana + tapioca 4.19 0.17

14 Paddy reclaimed residential area 1.68 0.07

15 Paddy - fallow 8.57 0.35

16 Tea 1.49 0.06

17 Rubber 513.03 20.67

18 Coconut 48.02 1.93

19 Oil palm 4.11 0.17

20 Tea + Eucalyptus 0.76 0.03

21 Teak 0.22 0.01

22 Mixed crop 507.44 20.45

23 Coconut dominant mixed crop 154.24 6.21

24 Semi evergreen/Evergreen - Dense mixed

forest 5.66 0.23


(Reserve Forest) 416.81 16.79


mainly bamboo 0.2 0.01


mainly bamboo (Reserve Forest) 0.17 0.01


17 | P a g e

28 Deciduous - Dense mixed forest mainly bamboo +

teak (Reserve Forest) 64.01 2.58

29 Deciduous - Open mixed forest (Reserve

Forest) 1.62 0.07

30 Deciduous - Scrub forest 11.05 0.45

31 Forest plantation - Teak (Reserve Forest) 231.35 9.32

32 Forest plantation - Eucalyptus (Reserve

Forest) 10.37 0.42

33 Forest plantation - Rubber (Reserve Forest) 65.29 2.63

34 Forest plantation - Cashew (Reserve

Forest) 0.56 0.02

35 Forest plantation - Oil palm (Reserve

Forest) 20.1 0.81

36 Forest plantation - Tea (Reserve Forest) 6.59 0.27

37 Forest plantation - Bamboo (Reserve

Forest) 2.05 0.08

38 Forest plantation - Teak + Softwood (Reserve

Forest) 7.1 0.29

39 Land with scrub 11.15 0.45

40 Land without scrub 0.3 0.01

41 Mining/Industrial wastelands 6.51 0.26

42 Barren rocky/sheet rock area 0.59 0.02

43 Degraded land under plantation crop (Tea) 1.78 0.07

44 Degraded land under plantation crop (Teak) 0.04 0

45 Degraded land under plantation crop

(Rubber) 24.57 0.99

46 Degraded land under plantation crop

(Cashew) 0.08 0

47 Degraded land under plantation crop (Oil

palm) 2.82 0.11

48 Coastal sand 0.08 0

49 Waterlogged area 4.17 0.17

50 Sands/riverine 0.22 0.01

51 Water bodies 118.16 4.76

Total 2481.94 100


18 | P a g e

Sl.No. Description Area (in Ha)

1 Geographical Area 2,48,788

2 Area Under Forest 81,438

3 Net Area Sown 124779

4 Cropped Area 157343

5 Area Irrigated 38301

6 Percentage of Net Area Irrigated to Total Area

Sown

30.69

f. Climate

Kollam district has a tropical humid climate with an oppressive summer and plentiful

seasonal rainfall. Hot summer season is from March to end of May. From June to September is the

South West monsoon (Edavapathi). North East monsoon (Thulavarsham) is from October to November.

The difference in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month is 514 mm. The

average annual rainfall is 2505 mm. The temperature is almost steady throughout the year and

temperature in the coastal regions are somewhat less than that in the interior. Punalur taluk in Kollam

district is the hottest place in Kerala. The average temperature varies between 320C to 330C in the

coastal region and 350C to 360C in the interior areas. The maximum and minimum temperature

reported is 320 C and 22.60 C respectively. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 2.6 °C.

December, January and February are the coolest months of the year.


19 | P a g e

2.0 Indicative Gap Analysis and Action Plans for complying with Waste Management Rules

(i) Solid Waste Management

a. Current status related to solid Waste management

Urban Local bodies

No of Wards

No of Households

Population

Solid Waste Generated per day

1 Municipal Corporations

55 88332 348657 123.39 tonnes

2 Municipalities 102 50947 167236 50.17 tonnes

3 Nagar panchayats (Town area Councils)

- - - -

Local Bodies

No of Village panchay ats /Blocks

No of Househol ds

Population

Solid Waste Generated per day

1 Block Panchayats

11 690166

2144461

643.33 tonnes

2 Grama Panchayats

68

b. Identification of gaps and Action plan:

S. No. Action points For

villages / blocks/

town

municipalities /

City

corporations

Identification of

gap

Action Plan Responsible

agencies

Timeline for

completion of

action plan

1. Segregation

(i)

Segregation of waste at source

Whether segregation at source practiced by households and other waste generators: Partly Gap 50%

To achieve 100% segregation at source through awareness programs, incentives, etc.

Implementation LSGD

Monitoring HKM, SM., DDP, RJD,

KSPCB

31.03.2022


20 | P a g e

2 Sweeping

(i) Manual Sweeping

Example: - % or length of

road not covered for regular sweeping: 60%

- Gaps in manpower: to be assessed

- Gap in availability of sweeping tools/ equipment: Provided for the available manpower.

- Availability of suitable PPEs: Provided for the available manpower.

Action plan for reducing gap including method cleaning, frequency of sweeping etc. Gap in

manpower needs to be identified and adequate staff needs to be deployed.

Training to be given to the staff.

LSGD

31.03.2023

(ii) Mechanical Road Sweeping & Collection

Gaps if any in achieving targeted area or length of road identified for Mechanical Road Sweeping: Mechanical Road sweeping is not practiced in any ULB in Kollam.

May be proposed for Corporation area.

Kollam

Corporation

RJD

31.03.2025

3 Waste Collection

(i) 100% collection of solid waste

Whether 100% collection achieved? No. Currently only dry waste is collected.

Action plan to improve existing Collection:

LSGD

31.03.2025


21 | P a g e

Wet waste is disposed through source level waste management facilities such as pipe composting, compost pits, bio bins etc.

Bio-methanation based waste to energy plant proposed for Kollam Corporation.

Land to be identified for setting up of community level waste management facilities like Thumpoormuzhi model compost units and biogas plants in all the ULBs.

(ii)

Arrangement for door to door collection

Arrangement for door to door provided: % of blocks/ wards covered: 50% (only dry waste collected)

Door to door collection to be extended to wet waste also.

LSGD

31.03.2025

(iii) Waste Collection trolleys with separate compartments

Check availability and adequacy and if it needs Upgradation: Adequate numbers of trolleys are not available

Action plan for procurement if required Proposal for

trolleys shall be submitted by the ULBS

Electric Autorickshaws proposed for transportation of waste collected from intermediate collection points (from mini MCFs) to MCF

LSGD

31.03.2022

(iv) Mini Collection Trucks with separate compartments

Check if adequate or needs upgradation or not required

Trucks available in the ULBs are not adequate.

Kollam Corporation has 2 trucks. @ nos of trucked proposed to be procured additionally.

LSGD

31.03.2022


22 | P a g e

Karunagappally Municipalty proposed replacement of 1 no. of old tractor with a new tractor.

(v) Waste Deposition

centres (for domestic hazardous wastes)

Area is earmarked in the existing MCFs for storage of domestic hazardous waste collected.

The domestic hazardous waste such as tube lights are disposed through Clean Kerala Company

LSGD

4. Waste Transport

(i) Review existing infrastructure for waste Transport.

[Check (i) (i) whether

existing fleet is adequate

(ii) (ii) check whether segregated waste transport possible, etc.]

The existing fleet is inadequate. The ULBs have proposed to procure more trucks and electric autos. Proposal for

procurement of electric autos by Grama Panchayats also

LSGD

31.03.2022

(ii) Bulk Waste Trucks

Not adequate.

The ULBs have proposed to procure more

trucks

LSGD

31.03.2022


23 | P a g e

(iii)

Waste Transfer points

Not adequate.

The mini MCFs at ward level are the waste transfer points Mini MCFs shall be made operational.

LSGD

31.03.2022

5 Waste Treatment and Disposal

(i) Wet-waste Management: On-site composting by bulk waste generators (Authority may decide on requirement a s per Rules)

Whether number of bulk waste generators identified for installation

Bulk waste

generators such as institutions, places of worship, hotels, auditoriums, flats etc shall be identified by the LSGIs.

Awareness programmes shall be conducted for bulk waste generators

The provision for solid waste management shall be verified at the time of grant of building permit and other clearances to the bulk waste generators.

Consent is granted to hotels, auditoriums, convention centres, institutions , hospitals, flats etc by KSPCB after verifying the adequacy of solid waste management facilities.

LSGD

31.03.2022


24 | P a g e

(ii) Wet-waste Management: Facility(ies) for central Biomethanation / Composting of wet waste.

Waste to Energy Plant proposed for Kollam Corporation.

The Municipalities

shall submit proposals for providing new facilities / upgradation of exisiting facilities

LSGD

31.03.2022

(iii) Dry-Waste Management: Material Recovery for dry-waste fraction

Whether MRF facility exists? / is there any arrangement to sending the dry- waste to any common MRF or sent to Waste to energy plant or % dry-waste converted as RDF or Need to set-up own Waste to Energy plant? Resource Recovery Facility is available in all ULBS. At Block Panchayat level 8 out of 11 Block Panchayats have provided RRFs.

Action plan for use of dry segregated waste in MRF operation Bailing machines

will be installed in the MCFs of the Grama Panchayats where RRF is not available at Block Panchayat level. Thus 100% LSGIs will have RRFs.

LSGD

31.03.2023

(iv) Disposal of inert and non- recyclable wastes: Sanitary Landfill

There are no sanitary landfills in the District at present.

The inert and no-

recyclable wastes are currently disposed through Clean Kerala Company.

Suitable land to be identified for setting up of SLF.

LSGD

31.03.2025

(v) Remediation of historic / legacy dumpsite

Whether existing old dumpsite if any required remediation as per rules?

Action plan for remediation of legacy / historic dumpsite.

LSGD

31.03.2023


25 | P a g e

Yes Biomining of legacy waste in the old dump site at Kureepuzha, Kollam Corporation is about to commence. Work Order issued to the contractor.

There are dump sites in Ugrankunnu in Kottarakkara Municipality and Ward 21 of Karunagappally Municipality. These are very small compared to the dump site of Kollam Corporation. However, the legacy waste needs to be removed from these sites also.

(vi) Involvement of NGOs

Whether involvement of NGOs envisaged Yes

NGOs involved for management of solid waste Campaign Haritha Sahaya Sthapanam for consultancy services to LSGIs including training of HKS members. Currently 1 Haritha Sahaya Sthapanam each is available for each Block Panchayat. 1 Haritha Sahaya Sthapanam is available in common to the Municipalities of Karunagappally, Kottarakara and Paravur. 1 Haritha Sahaya Sthapanam is available for Kollam Corporation.

LSGD

31.03.2022


26 | P a g e

Punalur Municipality proposed to avail the services of Haritha Sahaya Sthapanam

(vii) EPR of Producers: Linkage with Producers / Brand Owners

As per rules,

producers and

brand-owners

should facilitate

in collection of

packaging waste

Action plan for linkage of all producers/brand owners or their PROs for collection of plastic waste Action plan to

be prepared by LSGD.

LSGD

31.03.2025

(viii)

Authorisation of Waste Pickers

No

List of authorised waste pickers should be Available. The action for empanelment of agencies having vehicles with facilities such as camera, GPS, frozen storage etc. for collection of food waste from hotels and slaughter waste from chicken stalls/meat stalls is under consideration. The empanelment of agencies collecting chicken waste is already entrusted to Harita Keralam Mission. The LSGIs shall execute agreement with such empanelled agencies. The chicken waste so collected shall be disposed through the authorized rendering plants within the district. Only if the

LSGD HKM

31.03.2022


27 | P a g e

capacity of the rendering plants within the district is exhausted, the excess quantity will be permitted to be transferred to the other authorized units outside of the district.

(ix) Preparation of own by-laws to comply with SWM Rules 2016

Yes If not prepared action plan for preparation of by-laws which may be applicable in cantonment Board jurisdiction Bye laws prepared.

LSGD


28 | P a g e

(ii) Plastic waste Management

(a) Current status related to Plastic waste management

Urban Local bodies

Estimated quantity of Plastic Waste Generated per day

1 Municipal corporations (Nagar Nigam or Mahanagar Palika)

37.02 tonnes

2 Municipalities (Nagar Palikas) 15.05 tonnes 3 Nagar panchayats (Town area Councils) -

Local Bodies Plastic Waste Generated per day

2 Block /Taluk / Mandal Tehsils 193 tonnes

3 Village/Gram Panchayats

(b) Identification of gaps and Action plan:

S.No. Action points

For village

panchayats/

blocks/

municipalities /

corporations

Identification of gap

Action plan Agencies Responsible

Target time for Compliance

1. Door to Door

collection of dry

waste including

PW

[100%] / [partial: 80

%] / [not initiated]

If not 100 %, action plan for door to door collection of SW

LSGD

31.03.2022

2. Facilitate

organised

collection of PW

at Waste

transfer point

or Material

Recovery

Facility

This infrastructure

is linked to SW

management. May

check gaps with

respect to:

Availability of

transfer points

and material

recovery facility

Involvement of

informal sector /

NGO.

Registering

waste pickers

Linkage with PW

recyclers

Involvement of

producers and

brand-owners

Mini MCFs

are the

transfer

points. MRFs

available in all

ULBs. 8 out of

11 Block

Panchayats

have MRFs.

Bailing

machines

proposed in

MCFs in the

Grama

Panchayats in

the remaining

3 Blocks.

Haritha

Sahaya

Sthapanam

providing

consultancy

Identify agencies at local and district level to implement and monitor

progress respectively

Implementing

agency: LSGD

Monitoring agencies:

Urban Directorate, Panchayat

Directorate, KSPCB

31.03.2023


29 | P a g e

services

including

traing to

Haritha

Karma Sena

members.

100%

coverage is

not achieved

due to non-

cooperation

of public.

Public

cooperation

will be

ensured

through

awareness

campaigns

3.

PW collection

Centres

Local Bodies may

set-up own

centres and also

involve producers

and brand-owners

or their PROs to

facilitate setting

up of collection

centres.

Plastic waste collection centres established in all ULBs and Grama Panchayats.

LSGD

4. Awareness and education programs implementation

Review existing gaps in creating awareness among public for minimising and recycling PW

Education through mass media, schools, Producer / brand owner campaigns and other channels

LSGD,

HKM, SM, KSPCB

31.03.2022

5.

Access to Plastic Waste Disposal Facilities

Check if District

has access to PW

recycling /

utilization or

disposal facilities.

Plastic waste is disposed through Clean Kerala Company

LSGD


30 | P a g e

The use of single use plastic were banned in the state of Kerala from January 2020 onwards

as per G.O. (MS) No. 6/2019/Envt. dated 27/11/2019. The items banned include plastic carry bags

irrespective of thickness, plastic sheets, cling film, plates cups and decorative materials made of

thermocol/ Styrofoam, single use plastic utensils like cups, plates, dishes, spoons, fork, straw, stirrer,

plastic –coated items like paper cups, plates, bowl, carry bags, non-woven bags, plastic flags, plastic

bunting, plastic water pouches, plastic juice packets, PET/PETE bottles of drinking water of capacities

less than 300 ml., garbage bags (plastic), PVC flex materials, plastic packets. Plastic materials

manufactured for export, plastic materials and equipment used in health care facilities and

compostable plastic as per PWM Rules were exempted from the single use plastic ban. District

Collector, Sub-Divisional Magistrate, concerned Board officers, Secretaries of all local bodies and

officers were also directed for strict implementation of the order and to take strict action as per

Section 19 of the Environment Protection Act. Fine to be levied from manufacturer, bulk distributor,

shop keeper or sellers was prescribed as Rs.10,000 for first violation; Rs.20,000 for second violation

and Rs.50,000 for continued violation and Divisional Magistrates, Secretary of Local Self Government

Department and Pollution Control Board were entrusted for taking action.

Meanwhile, the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change vide the letter No. 17/6/2021-HSMD

dated 25-3-2021 instructed the Government of Kerala to constitute a Task Force for the preparation

of a Comprehensive Action Plan with focus on implementation of provisions of Plastic Waste

Management Rules, 2016, and building strong public movement around this issue with wider public

participation as mentioned above. The Government of Kerala vide order no.

G.O.(Rt)No.37/2021/ENVT dated 4-5-2021, re-constituted the Special Task Force under the

chairmanship of Chief Secretary for the effective implementation of Plastic Waste Management

Rules, 2016. The Task Force should prepare a Comprehensive Action Plan with focus on

implementation of provisions of Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, Additional Chief Secretary,

Environment department; Principal Secretary (Industries Department), Director, Urban Affairs

Directorate; Director, Directorate

of Environment and Climate Change; and the Chairman, Kerala State Pollution Control Board are the

members in the Committee. Accordingly a comprehensive action plan was submitted to the

Government in July 2021. As per the action plan the implementing agencies and partners are

German Development Agency (GIZ), Department of Environment, Kerala State Pollution Control

Board, Urban Development Department , Suchitwa Mission, Haritha Keralam Mission , Kerala

Institute of Local Administration, Local Self Government Department, Kerala Startup Mission, Kerala

State Council for Science, Technology and Environment and Rural Development Department

(iii) C & D Waste Management

a. Current status related to C & D Waste

Details of Data Requirement Present Status

Total C & D waste generation in MT per day (As per data from Municipal Corporations / Municipalities)

The quantification of C & D waste is not yet done.

Does the District has access to C&D waste recycling facility? No


31 | P a g e


S. No. Action points for blocks / town municipalities / City corporations

Identification of Gaps

Action Plan Responsible agency

Timeline for completion of action plan

1. Arrangement for separate collection of C&D waste to C&D waste deposition point.

Check gaps w.r.t: - Separate

collection point of C&D Waste

- Identification of common C&D waste deposition points

-

Setting up of a C & D waste management plant as part of the RRF of Punalur Municipality is under consideration.

LSGD

31.03.2025

2. Whether local authority have fixed user fee on C&D waste and introduced permission system for bulk waste generators who generate more than 20 tons or more in one day or 300 tons per project in a month?

Check gaps with respect to:

- Local by-laws to pay user fee

- Implementation of a system to permit bulk generators (>20 tons in one day or 300 tons per project)

Common by-laws may be implemented in District. Local C&D waste management plans can be integrated to develop common collection and recycling facilities

LSGD

31.03.2025

3. C&D recycling Facility

Check whether district has any C&D waste recycling facility

Action plan for setting up C&D recycling facility in the District or tie-up with any other district or ULB for setting up common facilities. Plan should ensure viable operation of C&D plant including assured market for C&D products.

LSGD

31.03.2025

4. Usage of recycled C&D waste in non- structural concrete, paving blocks, lower layers of road pavements, colony and rural roads

Is there any policy on usage or promotion on usage of C&D waste?

Local authority may make give appropriate incentives on usage of C & D waste. A % of usage in public works may be specified / any other scheme.

LSGD

31.03.2025


32 | P a g e

5. ICE on C & D waste management

Is there any sustained system of creating awareness created among local communities.

Action plan for awareness and education

LSGD

31.03.2025

(iv) Biomedical Waste Management

a. Current Status related to biomedical waste

Inventory of BMW in the District Quantity

Total no. of Bedded Healthcare Facilities 162

Total no. of non-bedded HCF 1563

No. of HCFs authorised by SPCBs/PCCs 660

No of Common Biomedical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities (CBWTFs)

NIL (Biomedical waste is disposed through the CBWTF of M/s. IMAGE in Palakkad District)

Capacity of CBWTFs NA

No. of Deep burials for BMW if any NIL

Quantity of biomedical waste generated per day 3003 kg/d

Quantity of biomedical waste treated per day 3003 kg/d


S. No. Action points Gaps Action Plan Responsible

agency

Timeline for

completion of

action plan

1. Inventory and Identification of Healthcare Facilities

Check whether all

HCFs including,

clinics, hospitals,

veterinary hospitals, animal houses etc generating biomedical waste are identified and authorized by SPCBs/PCCs

Action plan for

completing /

updating of

inventory and authorization of HCFs by SPCBs/ PCCs

Inventorization done by SPCB. Defaulters

identified and notices issued. The inventory

is updated periodically

KSPCB

31.03.2023


33 | P a g e

2. Check if there is any gap between Quantity of

Biomedical Waste

generated per day

and quantity of Biomedical Waste treated and disposed in the

district?

In case of no access to CBWTFs, adequacy of existing disposal of BMW

Currently the biomedical waste generated in the HCFs of the district are disposed through the CBWTF of M/s. IMAGE at Palakkad.

Adequacy of facilities to treat biomedical waste

3. Check whether bar Bar code system implemented

code system is

Tracking of BMW

implemented by all

HCFs and CBWTFs?

4. Whether training SPCB had conducted awareness programmes for stake holders

Awareness and education of healthcare staff

has been organised

for all

stakeholders?

5. Action plan for

Health

Department

Whether adequate ensuring adequate funds is allocated funds to to Government Government health

Adequacy of funds

health care

facilities for bio- care facilities for

bio-medical waste medical waste management by management by State Govt.

State Govt.?

6. Is there any district

Compliance is

monitored through

periodic inspections

by SPCB

KSPCB

Compliance to Rules by HCFs and CBWTFs

level mechanism to

monitor

compliance by

Hospitals / HCFs?

7. Check whether DLMC constituted

with the District

Collector as

Chairman, The

Secretary, District

Legal Services

Authority as Secretary

in June 2019.

The DLMC meetings

are held periodically.

A total of 9 meetings

conducted till date.

District Level Monitoring Committee

District Level

Monitoring

Committee has

been constitute

and meetings are

being organised?


34 | P a g e

8. Wastewater Treatment

Check if HCFS are

required to install

ETPs for

wastewater

generated.

Consent is

granted by KSPCB

to Pvt. hospitals

after verifying the

adequacy of

waste water

treatment facility.

STP is mandatory

for all HCFs

generating more

than 10 KLD

effluent.

The District

Hospital, Kollam

had submitted

DPR for STP.

STP provided to

THQHs of Punalur

and

Karunagappally.

The remaining

THQHs, CHCs and

Govt. Victoria

Hospital shall

submit time

bound proposals

for providing

STPs.

DHS

31.03.2022

(v) Hazardous Waste Management

a. Current Status related to Hazardous Waste Management

Major source of hazardous waste (HW) is industries and facilities located in the disrict, who are

required to be regulated under Water (P&CP) Act 174, Air (P&CP) Act 1981 and E(P) Act, 1986 and the

Rules notified thereof. Many commercial establishments like automobile repair shops, paint

workshops, stores, etc. also generate small quantities of hazardous waste. Kerala State Pollution

Control Board had prepared an inventory of the HW generating units in the district. The district

administration is apprised of the type of hazardous waste generation in the district and adequacy of

facilities for safe handling and disposal within or outside District.


No of Industries generating HW 130

Quantity of HW in the district 14173.34[MT/Annum]

(i) Quantity of Incinerable HW NIL


35 | P a g e

(ii) Quantity of land-fillable HW 13929.53 [MT/Annum]

(iii) Quantity of Recyclable / utilizable HW

243.81 [MT/Annum]

No of captive/common TSDF Captive facility – 1 No. (SLF of M/s.KMML) TSDF- NIL ( The hazardous waste from the industries of the district are disposed through the TSDF of M/s. KEIL, Kochi)

Contaminated Sites or probable contaminated sites

1 No. Area near KMML

b. Identification of gaps and action plan:

S.

No.

Action points Identification of

Gaps

Action Plan Responsible

agency

Timeline

for

completion

of action

plan

1. Regulation of industries and facilities generating Hazardous Waste

Check whether

all hazardous

waste industries

are identified and authorized by SPCBs/PCCs

SPCB/PCC should

ensure that all

hazardous waste

industries are authorised and a system of safe disposal is in place.

The industries are

granted Consent by the

Board after ensuring that

the Hazardous waste is

diposed in accordance

with the Rules. The

unauthorized industries

are identified through

inspections and notices

are issued to defaulters.

2.

Establishment of collection centres

Check district

has collection

centres for

hazardous

wastes with

linkage to

common TSDFs /

recyclers

Local authority should

ensure that adequate

number of collection

centres should be

established and are

linked to Common

TSDFs.

LSGD 31.03.2025

3.

Training of workers involved in handling / recycling / disposal of HW

Identify facilities

/ industries

engaged in

recycling / pre-

processing /

disposal of

hazardous waste

in the district.

Action plan to train

the workers on safety

aspects through

Department of

Industries as per

provisions under

HOWM Rules, 2016

DIC

31.03.2022


36 | P a g e

4.

Availability / Linkage with common TSDF or disposal facility

Check if the

generators of

HW have acess

to common

TSDF in the

State?

Action plan to ensure

all generators are

linked to TSDF /

Action plan in case

there is no TSDF in the

district or State – in

such case evaluate

existing storage and

captive disposal

facilities through

SPCBs/PCCs

The details of TSDF are provided in the KSPCB

website.

5.

Contaminated Sites

Are there any

sites where soils

/ sediments/

groundwater

contaminated

due to dumping

of industrial

wastes

Action plan for

identification of

probable

contaminated site,

incidents of HW

dumping, responsible

parties for

contaminated site

etc. and to remediate

contaminated sites.

M/s. KMML had

submitted action plan for

remediation of the

contaminated site and the

Board had approved the

proposal. The industry

had initiated action for

the implementation of the

same.

(vi) E-Waste Management

a. Current Status related to E-Waste Management


Inventory of E-Waste in MT/year Inventorization not yet done

Collection centers established by ULBs in the

District

MCFs available in all ULBs

Collection centers established by Producers

or their PROs

17 Nos

No authorized E-Waste recyclers /

Dismantler

NIL


37 | P a g e


S. No.

Action points Gaps in implementation

Action Plan Responsi ble agency

Timeline for completion of action plan

1 Inventory / Generation of E-Waste / Bulk-waste generators

Check whether SPCB/PCC has completed inventory of E-Waste in the District. Inventory of bulk waste generators

Completion of inventory

KSPCB

LSGD

31.03.2023

2 E-Waste collection points

Availability of E-Waste collection points / call centres / kiosks in villages - Blocks / towns

/ cities

Identification / registering E-Waste collection centres in association with Producers - their PROs or Recyclers

The manufacturers have established facility for

collecting the end of life products through their authorized dealers. The

Board is conducting random verification of e-

waste collection facilities. There are 17

nos of E-waste collection points in Kollam District.

3 Linkage among Stakeholders to channelize E-Waste

Check whether District administration has information on collection centres established by Producers / PROs? Administration should also identify authorised E-Waste recyclers in the district or in State to channelize E-waste collected in District.

Action plan to establish linkages between ULBs / Collection Centres of Producers and PROs / SPCBs / Bulk waste generators / Recyclers / SPCBs / District Administration / Public

4 Regulation of Illegal E- Waste recycling / dismantling

Prevalence of informal trading, dismantling, and recycling of E-waste is in District

Action plan in coordination with SPCBs/PCCs and District Administration to check this activity.

KSPCB is conducting periodic surveillance. No dismantling/recycling units are operating in the district.

5 Integration of informal sector

Whether mechanism exists for bringing informal sector into main stream in collection and recycling of E-Waste

Evolve mechanism by involving producers / PROs.

LSGD

Producers

PROs

31.03.2023

6 Awareness and Education

Are there any programs at district level for awareness about E- waste management?

Plan special workshops and awareness campaigns through Producers / PROs

LSGD

Producers

PROs

31.03.2022


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3.0 Air Quality Management

a. Current Status related to Air Quality Management


Number of Automatic Air Quality monitoring stations in the district.

- Operated by SPCB / State Govt / Central govt./ PSU agency :

- Operated by Industry:

1 No. (Operated by KSPCB)

4 Nos (Operated by KMML, Chavara)

Number of manual monitoring States operated by SPCBs

2 Nos

Name of towns / cities which are failing to comply with national ambient air quality stations

NIL

No of air pollution industries 348

Prominent air polluting sources [Large Industry] / [Small Industry] / [Unpaved Roads] / [Burning of Waste Stubble] / [Brick Kiln] / [Industrial Estate] / [Others] (Multiple selection)

Brick Kilns and Cashew industries


S. No. Action points Indicative Action Plan Responsi

ble

agency

Timeline

for

completion

of action

plan

1.

Identification of prominent

air polluting sources?

Carry out inventory of air pollution sources in District including hotspots or areas of concern pertaining to air pollution in association with SPCBs/PCCs may

KSPCB The Board had identified the major air polluting industries. The Technical Section at the Head Office of the Board is preparing the guidelines

31.03.2023


39 | P a g e

for brick kilns and cashew industries

2.

Ambient Air quality data?

Plan to get access to available air quality monitoring stations in the District operated by both Public and private agencies.

The continuous ambient air quality monitoring data is being transferred to the CPCB server. The AQI and air quality data are displayed in the Board’s website www.keralapcb.nic.in

3. Like weather station,

1 no. of Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station was established by KSPCB in October 2019 at Polayathodu in Kollam Corporation. The same is operational.

District may also have ambient air quality monitoring at major urban settlements or populated areas. Action plan may propose setting up at least one CAAQMS in District. Also access data generated by CAAQM stations Setting up of Continuous installed by other Ambient Air Quality pvt/public agencies. Monitoring Station District authority in association with local office of SPCB/PCC should also ensure that at least one manual Air Quality monitoring station is available in each city. [District admin may set-up its own network of CAAQMS or manual stations]


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4.

District Level Action Plan for Air Pollution

Action plan should be prepared for both improvement of existing air quality as well as for non-attainment days to national ambient air quality standards.

[Measures may include multi sectoral approach for air pollution control such as promotion of public transport, use of green fuels, E-mobility, LPG based cooking, carpeting open areas/kerbs, etc. Action plans envisaged in NCAP project initiated by MoEF&CC may be referred]

District

Administra

tion

31.03.2023

5.

Hotspots of air pollution in District

hotspot with respect to air pollution (such as stubble burning, illegal waste burning, unauthorised operations, cluster activities, forest fires etc.) should be identified and localised action plan for mitigation of the same should be prepared

KSPCB The Board had identified the major air polluting industries. The Technical Section at the Head Office of the Board is preparing the guidelines for brick kilns and cashew industries

3103.2023

6.

Awareness on Air Quality

Plan for dissemination of information on local air quality in towns and cities located in District. May consider developing Mobile App / Online portal for dissemination of air quality as well as to take complaints on local air pollution.

KSPCB The AQI and air quality data of the state is displayed in the Board website. Awareness campaigns are conducted for students.


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4.0 Water Quality Management

4.1 Water Quality Monitoring

a. Current Status related to Water Quality Management


Rivers

1. Kallada River (121km)

2. Ithikkara River (56km)

3. Pallikkal River (42 km)

Length of Coastline (if any) 37.8 km

Nalas/ Drains/Creeks meeting Rivers

Total length of major tributaries of Kallada, Ithikkara and Pallikkal rivers comes to 218.15 km and length of other major streams comes to 20km.

Lakes / Ponds Lakes -4 (Ashtamudi-6140Ha , Vattakayal-15Ha, Paravur-662 Ha, Sasthamkotta – 373 Ha)

Ponds (The total number of ponds identified by Harita Keralam Mission, Kerala comes to about 1443 Nos. and its ayacut area comes to about 4400 Ha.)

Total Quantity of sewage from towns and cities in District

142.45 MLD

Quantity of industrial wastewater 1.83 MLD

Percentage of untreated sewage The quantity needs to be ascertained by detailed survey.

Details of bore wells and number of permissions given for extraction of groundwater

Permission/feasibility given for last ten years : Bore wells ( Hard rock area) – 4500 Tube wells ( Sedimentary formation up to 200m depth) – 2165 Filter point wells ( Sedimentary formation up to 15m depth) – 1324 Open wells – 65


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Groundwater polluted areas if any Area near KMML Chavara:

No groundwater pollution is noticed in the in the confined aquifer ie. below the Quilon lime stone formation.

Polluted river stretches if any NIL

b. Identification of gaps and action plan for water quality monitoring:

S.

No.

Action points Gaps and Action Plan Responsible

agency

Timeline for

completion of

action plan

1. Inventory of water bodies An environmental

monitoring cell shall

maintain data of all water

bodies (rivers / canals /

natural drains / creeks /

estuaries / groundwater /

ponds / lakes / etc.) in

district including its water

quality

Implementing agency: KSPCB The Board is monitoring the water

quality of the rivers, canals , natural drains, creeks, estuaries,

groundwater, ponds , lakes , etc. The monitoring results are

published yearly as a directory. The NWMP data is furnished monthly to

CPCB.

2.

Quality of water bodies in the district

Check availability of data on water bodies. Create a district level monitoring cell for periodic monitoring of water bodies for specific parameters in association with SPCBs.

It is also necessary to disseminate information pertaining to water quality in the form of hoardings on river banks, official websites, etc.

The water quality monitoring data is provided in the official website of

the Board.

3.

Hotspots of water contamination

Check trends of water quality and identify hotspot of surface water and ground water. Establish a system or separate cell to monitor water quality. Implement action points for restoration of water quality in association with SPCBs and department of environment.

Ground water contamination had occurred near KMML Chavara due

to leak from the old iron oxide ponds. The Board had directed the industry to implement mitigation

measures. The industry had initiated action and the same is in

progress.

4.

Protection of river / lake water front

Action plan should be prepared for control river side open defecation, dumping of Solid waste on river banks, for idol immersion etc.

District AdministrationKSPCB LSGD

The District Collector had issued order banning all polluting activities in the catchment area of Sasthamcotta Lake.


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5. Inventory of sources of water pollution

Check whether inventory of all sewage and wastewater discharge points into water bodies in the district. Action plan to complete inventory.

KSPCB LSGD

31.03.2023

6.

Oil spill disaster management (for coastal districts)

Whether district oil spill crisis management group and District Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan has been created? No. District Oil Spill Crisis Management Group will be created and District Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan will be prepared for the District .

DDMA

31.03.2023

7.

Protection of flood plains

Check whether there is regulation for protection of flood plain encroachment? NIL

Revenue Dept., Irrigation Dept., LSGD

31.03.2023

8. Rejuvenation of groundwater

Check availability of groundwater and if required prepare action plan to rejuvenate ground water in selected areas. Action plan should be prepared for Rain water harvesting

GWD Groundwater department is implementing artificial recharge schemes, especially rain water harvesting schemes in this district. Open well recharge is the main activity of this office in this regards. This includes two types; direct method and indirect method. The rain water from the roof top directs into the open well through suitable filter media is the direct method. The rain water stores in pits of suitable dimensions constructed near to the open well is the indirect method.


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9.

Complaints redressal system

Check whether there is any complaint redressing system based on Mobile App / Online, is available? If not, a complaint redressing system based on Mobile App / Online should be available at district level

KSPCB Irrigation Dept. GW Dept LSGD

KSPCB has online complaint redressel system.

4.2 Domestic Sewage

a. Current status related to treatment of domestic sewage


No of Class-II towns and above 1 No

No of Class-I towns and above 1 No

No of Towns STPs installed NIL

No of Towns needing STPs 1 No

No of ULBs having partial underground sewerage network

1 No

No of towns not having sewerage network 4 Nos

Total Quantity of Sewage generated in District from Class II cities and above

46.59 MLD

Quantity of treated sewage flowing into Rivers (directly or indirectly)

NIL

Quantity of untreated or partially treated sewage (directly or indirectly)

Not yet quantified

Quantity of sewage flowing into lakes Not yet quantified

Total available Treatment Capacity Not yet quantified

b. Identification of gaps and action plan for treatment of domestic sewage:

S.

No.


agency

Timeline

for

completion

of action

plan

1. Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)

The construction of the 12 MLD CSTP of Kollam Corporation is in progress. CSTPs proposed for the Municipalities of Karunagappally, Kottarakkara, Punalur and Paravur.

ULBs

31.03.2025


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2. Underground sewerage network

Underground sewerage network provided in Kollam Corporation.

ULBs 31.03.2025

5.0 Industrial wastewater management

a. Current Status related to Industrial Wastewater Management

Number of Red, Orange, Green and White industries in the District

Red -527, Orange -3654, Green - 5422, White -666

No of Industries discharging wastewater

348 Nos

Total Quantity of industrial wastewater generated

1.83 MLD

Quantity of treated industrial wastewater discharged into Nalas / Rivers

NIL

Common Effluent Treatment Facilities

NIL

No of Industries meeting Standards

No inventory

No of Industries not meeting discharge Standards

No inventory

b. Identification of gaps and action plan for industrial wastewater:

S. No. Action points Gaps and Action Plan Responsible

agency

Timeline

for

completion

of action

plan

1.

Compliance to discharge norms by Industries

Identify gaps w.r.t industries not meeting the standards. Necessary action be initiated through SPCBs against the industries not meeting the standards.

KSPCB is issuing notice to defaulter industries and the defects in the ETP are rectified by the industries.

2. Complaint redressal system

Check if there is any complaint redressing system based on Mobile App / Online, is available? If not, a complaint redressing system based on Mobile App / Online portal may be prepared at district level.

KSPCB has online complaint redressel system


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6.0 Mining Activity Management plan

a. Current Status related to Mining Activity Management

Details of Data Requirement Existing Mining operations

Type of Mining Activity

Name of mines Heavy minerals, granite and laterite

No of licenced Mining operations in the District

30

% Area covered under mining in the District

0.021% (0.545348 sq.km)

Area of Sand Mining NIL

Area of sand Mining NIL


S.

No.


agency

Timeline

for

completio

n of action

plan

1. Monitoring of Mining

activity

A district level task team

constituted with

Deputy Collector LR,

Sub Collector

Kollam/RDO Punalur,

Geologist Kollam, EE

KSPCB Kollam, EE

Irrigation Dept.,

Regional Joint Director

(Urban), Deputy

Director of Panchayats

and District Survey

Superintendent to

identify mining activity

and to monitor status

with respect to

environmental

compliance.

Revenue Dept., Director General of Mines Safety, Mining & Geology Dept., Irrigation, KSPCB, LSGD.

31.03.2022


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2.

Inventory of illegal mining if any mining

Action plan to identify illegal sand and other mining activity in the District through surveillance, patrolling and enforcement. District Level task Force may be constituted for control of illegal mining activity

Revenue Dept Police Dept., Mining & Geology Dept.

3.

Environment compliance by Mining industry

Action plan for periodic verification of compliance to environmental conditions stipulated by SPCBs/PCC, MoEF&CC department of mines etc. SPCBs/PCC may be involved in this activity . Periodic inspections conducted by KSPCB.

KSPCB Mining & Geology Dept.

7.0 Noise Pollution Management plan

a. Current Status related to Noise Pollution Management

Details of Data Requirement Measurable Outcome

No. of noise measuring devices available with various agencies in district

KSPCB 1 No


S.

No.


agency

Timeline for

completion

of action

plan

1.

Availability of Sound/Noise Level Meters.

Need to check whether concerned agencies that is ULBs, SHOs, Traffic police and SPCB/PCC have noise level meters. District administration may ensure through an action plan that concerned agencies and environmental cell under district administration have adequate number of portable noise level meters.

KSPCB has 1 no. of sound level meter for the district.

KSPCB Police Dept.

31.03.2022

DISTRICT COLLECTOR, KOLLAM

KERALA STATE

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