Kashmir; A Bibliography for Archaeologists

THE Valley of Kashmir A select Bibliography

A select Bibliography of Published and non published Historical, Archaeological Geographical,

Geological, Anthropological and Literary material with special emphasis on pre- Muslim era.

By Muzaffar Ahmad Choudhry

THE Valley of Kashmir

A select Bibliography of Published and non published Historical, Archaeological

Geographical, Geological, Anthropological and Literary material with special emphasis

on pre- Muslim era.

By Muzaffar Ahmad Choudhry

Title: THE Valley of Kashmir A select Bibliography of Published and non

published Historical, Archaeological Geographical, Geological,

Anthropological and Literary material with special emphasis on pre- Muslim

era.

Resarch and compilation by Muzaffar Ahmad Chaudhry

Pakistan 2014

E Mail: [email protected]

Published on Internet: January 2014

Muzaffar Ahmad 2014

Compiler of this Bibliography is thankful to Mr.Afzal Khan Deputy Director

Archaeology Punjab and his staff at Department’s library, Lahore Museum Library

staff, Punjab Public Library staff, Librarian and staff of Department of Kashmir

Studies Oriental College University of Punjab, Librarian Khilafat Library, Staff at

Khurshid Memorial Library Muzaffarabad and to All those who facilitated him,

especially Mr.Arifullah from Lahore and Mr. Iftikhar Iyaz and Mr. Naseer Ahmad

from UK. I’m deeply indebted to Dr. Abdul Samad, Chairman Department of

Archaeology Hazara University Mansehra, under whose supervision I completed this

work as an assignment.

mailto:[email protected]

BML: Britihsh museum Library

R.A.C.B: Royal Asiatic society of Bengal

H.O.R.I.: Hazratbal Oriental Research Institute.

SOAS: School of Oriental and African Studies

JRASB: Journal of Royal Asiatic Society Bengal.

JABS: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

JIABS: The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies.

JKAACL: Jammu &Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture andLanguages.

JAOS: Journal of the American oriental Society.

BSOAS: Bulletun of the School of Oriental and African Studies.

CCAS: Center of Central Asian Studies (University of Kashmir, Srinagar).

JKAACL: Jammun and Kashmir Academyof Art culturer and Languages.

Introduction

Kashmir is a valley135 km long amd 32 km wide. It is a natural fortress. Its unique

geography kept it safe from the outer influences and thus gave it a distinct cultural identity.

There is so far no archaeological evidence available that this valley had any significant

cultural activity from the Neolithic up to the kushan period. When rest of the sub continent

was enjoying Harrapan periods, Kashmir was still in Neolithic age. It was only in Late

Mauyrian period that Valley of Kashmir saw the dawn of Civilization. Abandunt Indo- Greek

coins marks the first major activity from any outsider. Next came the Kushans who annexed

the vally to their vast empire. Was it the same Kasperia/Kaspapyrus/Kaspatyrus of Greek

geographers and the Kasefia of the Bible is a metter of debate.

The fixed geographical limits on such a small scale and the limited cultural experience of just

2300 years at maximum makes the study of the pre-Muslim history of Kashmir valley very

interesting. We can devide the available sources as follow:

1. Superstesious

2. Traditional

3. Semi Historic

4. Historical

5. Inscriptional

6. Numesmetic

7. Archaeological

Literature Review

There is an ancient tradition in Kashmir to update the valley’s history in every one hundred

years time. This tradition is recorded by Muhammad Azam Didamari in his history of

Kashmir:

تعلن هی آورد و برآى خدهت از اى ہود قرا بعد قرى خبعضی حاالت آرا در زهاى سابق هور

ی بردد تواریخ آہا هوسوم براز ترک است چوى بسبب اختالل احوال سرکار ۔۔۔ وظائف ه

آہا هوقوف شد دست از تحریر آى باز داشتد و بعضی هسلویي قدری سالطیي کشویر وظائف

از تواریخ آہا بسباى فارسی ترجوہ برکاشتد و تازهاى خود ہا حاالت و واقعات را اجواال بضبظ

حسیي قاری للیہ اررحو تارییی باجوال ساختہ و بعد آى حیدر هلک درآورد ازاجولہ خدهت هال

چادور تحریر احوال کشویر پرداختہ۔۔۔1

This could be divided as manuscriptual and non manuscriptual evidence. The first significant

effort to survey, secure and preserve MSS was made in 1860-65 at the instance of Maharaja

Ranbir Singh. The State Research Department was set up in 1902 the publication of

the Kashmir Series of Texts and Studies was contemplated and more than six dozen works

have appeared since.

1 Muhammad Azam Didamari, Waqiat-e- Kashmir. Folio.2b.

The most comprehensive library collections on Kashmir are contained at the University of

Toronto, Canada; the British Library in London; and the private collection of Professor

Alastair Lamb. There is a Persian manuscript of the history of Kashmir in Munich Stat

Bibliothek and one in Bodelian library. SOAS library has its own collection of Kashmiri

manuscripts. Cambridge holdes the largest collection of Sharada manuscripts outside the

valley of Kashmir mainly comprises of the Aural Stain collection. The Iqbal library,

Srinagar, is reasonable and the Kurshid Memorial Library, Muzaffarabad is surprisingly well-

stocked. The largest collection of manuscripts of Sharda, Arabic, Persian, kashmiri and other

languages however is in Hazrat Bal Reaserch Inistitute Srinagar. There is a good collection

of manuscripts in Punjab University’s Oriental collection now shifted to the main library in

new campus.Libraries of Department of Archaeology Punjab, Lahore Museum Library and

Public library Punjab have good collections on Archaeology of Kashmir. Department of

Kashmir Studies Oriental College Punjab University has a fine collection of thesises and

books on Kashmir. Khilafat library and Research Cell library are equally useful. Online

catalogue of the Roza bal research inistitute Srinagar with several thousand manuscripts in

Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, kashmiri and other languages enlisted is a great source of

information.

Method:

This select bibliography is build up by accessing databases of the above mentioned libraries.

Copies of Microfilms were acquired and Thesises and available books were acsessed.

Libraries in Azad Kashmir and Punjab are visited by the compiler of this Bibliography

himself and important information collected by taking photographs of the relavent pages.

Archive.org and Google books are fully explored for obtaining booklists and books.

Aim:

Aim of this select bibliography is to provide an archaeologist with a list of manuscriptual and

non-manuscriptual data for survey, pre excavation research and report writing.

This bibliography is devidied into these catagouries:

1. Sanskrit Historical sources (manuscripts and published material)

2. Arabic Historical Sources (manuscripts and published material)

3. Persian Historical sourses (manuscripts and published material)

4. Kasahmiri language historical sources

5. Urdu Historical sources

6. Archaeology

7. Palaeography and Epigraphy

8. Numismatics

9. Art

10. Crafts

11. History

12. Culture and cultural History

13. Religion

14. Buddhism

15. Hinduism

16. Islam

17. Historical Geography

18. Geography

19. Travel

20. Maps

21. Anthropology

22. Folklore

23. Material helpful in Archaeological Surveying

24. Bibliographies and Catalouges.

1. Sanskrit Historical sources (manuscripts and published material)

The name Kashmira as a place name and people is mentioned in Panini’s Patanjali.

Mahabharata refers to Kashmir a hilly country in north. Kasahmiris are mentioned along

other people from north in Puranas. [Bamzai].

1. Nilamat Purana

Author: Nila Muni.Date: 6th

to 8th

century A.D.2

Nilamat Purana is mentioned by Kalhana as one of the sources of the ancient history of

Kashmir. In Buhler’s words it is a real mine of information regarding the sacred places of

Kashmir and legends which are required to explain the Rajatrangini. [Buhler:41]. It is a

valuable source of the cultural life of ancient Kashmir. The legend of Satisar lake, The battle

between Kasyapa and Nagas and other mythical accounts with the historical names of

Gonanda and Queen Yasomati.This legend of lake is also found it Kalhana’s Rajatrangini, in

the Mahavamsa, the Chinese vinaya of the Mula Sarvastivadin sect and in travels of Hiuen

Tsang.

The manuscript Aurel Stein had, was dated to lokak Samt 81 corresponding to 1705-6. From

1932 started work on Nilamat Purana in West. Dutch scholar Vogel appointed his pupil K.

De. Vreese of Leiden University on the task of its publication. Vreese did his work and in

1936 Nilamat Purana was published in Sanskrit in Roman letters from Voolberg.Ram Lal

Kanjilal and Jagaddhar Zadoo compiled the edition published in 1924. There were

inexplicable lacunae in it.

Important Works on Nilamat Purana

De Vreese. Trans. Ramlal Kanjilal & Jagaddhar Zadoo.

1936 Nilamata Purana.Leiden.Lahore.Punjab Sanskrit Series.

Ikari, Yasuke.

1994

A Study of the Nīlamata. Aspects of Hinduism in Ancient Kashmir. Kyoto.

Sharma, Mahesh.

2008 Puranic texts from Kashmir: Vitasta and river ceremonialsin the Nilamata

Purana.SAGE Publications. New Delhi.

Ved Kumari.

2As Buddha began to be regarded as an incarnation of Visnu from about 550 A.D.,Nilamat

Purana could be dated inbetween 6th

to 8th

century A.D.

http://www.google.com.pk/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Ved+Kumari%22

1968 The Nīlamata purāṇa: A Cultural & Literary study of a kashmiri Purana.

Srinagar-Jammu, JKAACL. Vol. 1.

Ved Kumari.

1973 The Nīlamata Purāṇa: A critical edition & English translation.

JKAACL.Vol. 2.

Witzel, Michael. Ed. by Yasuke Ikari.

1994 Brahmins of Kashmir. In: A Study of the Nīlamata.Aspects of Hinduism in

Ancient Kashmir.Kyoto.237-294.

Witzel, Michael. Ed. by Yasuke Ikari.

1994

Kashmiri Manuscripts and Pronunciation. In: A Study of the Nīlamata. Aspects

of Hinduism in Ancient Kashmir. Kyoto. 1-53.

Tokunaga, Muneo. Ed. by Yasuke Ikari.

1994 Description of Temples and Tīrthas in the Nīlamatapurāṇa. Verses. 989–1356a.

A Study of the Nīlamata – Aspects of Hinduism in Ancient Kashmir. Kyoto

399–421.

Ikari, Yasuke

1994 Map of Ancient Tīrthas in Kashmir Valley. A Study of the Nīlamata –Aspects of

Hinduism in Ancient Kashmir. Kyoto.425-442.

2. Mahatmyas

More than 50 were listed by Stein now housed in Academy of Science Hungery. [Bamzai,

1994. p.30].The numerous Mahatmyas of Kashmir are also interesting sources for early

historical geography. Thus the Role of Mahatmyas in describing the topography of the valley

cannot be ruled out. They give us a good intormation regarding the ancient nomenclature of

Kashmir. Among the 51 Mahatmyas, the Vitasta Mahatmya is a big one which is divided into

35 Patalas. They generally set forth the different legends connected with various places of

pilgrimage, the merit to be appeared by their visits and the rites to be performed in each of

the sites. They contain many early materials and local traditions and are thus vaiuahle for a

systemalic study of the old topography of the valley.

References:

Stein, M.A.

1899 Ancient Geograogy of Kashmir.JASB.214-217.Calcutta.

Wojtilla, Gyula. Ed. by Eva Apor.

1978 Sir Aurel Stein’s Kashmirian Māhātmya Collection in the Library of the

Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Jubilee Volume of the Oriental Collection 1951–

1976. Papers presented on the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the Oriental

Collection of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Oriental Studies. 2. Budapest

215–224.

http://www.google.com.pk/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Ved+Kumari%22

The list of Mahatmayas of Kashmir, provided by Aurel Stein.

Stein In his ‘Ancient Geograogy of Kashmir’ provides a list of the Mahatmayas obtained by

him. This list is being reproduced here from the original source.

3. Parthivavali of Helaraja

A list of kings in twelve thousand verses. An important source of Kalhana now lost. Kalhan

mentions that Chronicles of Padmamihira were based on this earlier work. The Relation of

Ratnakar’s Rajatrangini with these earlier works are not yet clear.

4. Kshemendra’s Nrapavali

Nrapavali by Kshemendra (eleventh century AD) is considered as lost but another work by

him known as Desopdesh gives a vivid account of the daily life of different sections of the

people inhabiting the valley. HisSamayamatrika (Samay.2)is a guide to the socioeconomic

conditions of kashmir in his age. The places the lady visited could be easily traceable. Here is

the first mention of Pir Panjal pass.[Bamzai].

References:

Kshemendra

1925 Samaya Matrika. Kavyamala. Vol 10.

E. Powys Mathers.

1927 The harlot's breviary of Kshemendra: English versions of The Kuttanimatam

of Damodaragupta and Samayamatrika of Kshemendra. Eastern love. John

Rodker.vol.2.

A. N. D. Haksar.

2008 The Courtesan's Keeper: A Satire From Ancient Kashmir.Rupa & Co. New

Delhi.

Shukla, N. S.

1990 Cultural trends in Kashmir and Ksemendra. Nirman Prakashan. Delhi.

5. Bilhana

His Vikramankadevacarita contains atopgraphical descriptiopn of Srinagar (1089 A.D.)

6. Sri Chavillakara

Chronicles of chavillakaranis now lost.It was one on Kalhana’s many sources.

7. Srimihira

Chronicles of Padmamihira now lost.

8. Subhasitavali of Vallabhadeva and Kavindravacanasamuccaya

Subhasitaval, a work of 15th

century. It is an anthology of verses of the poetsof Ancient India

and particularly of Kashmir. Fragments of poems written by Muktapida and Jayapida are

included.In these works some verses of Gonanda, Gopaditya and Ranaditiya are quoted.

Nilamat Purana also mentions Gonanda as a king of Kashmir.

9. Kapphinabhyudaya

It is a poem by Buddhist Bhatta Sivasvamin describing the expedition of Kapphina king of

Daksinapatha against Prasenajit of Sravasti. At the end of the war victoreus Kapphina accepts

Buddhism.

10. Work of Suvrata

A source of Kalhana now lost. Suvrata whose work, he he says, was made difficult by

misplaced learning.Jayadratha (end of 12th

century or beginning of 13th

).The local namesa

recorded by him agree closely with Rajatrangini.

11. Kuttanimata

By Jayapida’s court poetin 8th

century.bIt presents a picture of the social and economic life of

the Kashmir.

12. Srikanthacarita by Mankha

http://www.homeshop18.com/n-d-haksar/author:A+N+D+Haksar/categoryid:10000/

Written between 1128to 1144 A.D. It presents a description of Pravarpura (Srinagar) in the

3rd

canto. A comentry was written by jonaraja the chronicler (15th

century).

13. Ratnakara Purana

A Persian translation done by Mulla Ahmad in Zainul Abidin’s period survived to 20th

century. It was located and copied by Pir Ghulam Hasan author of the History of Kashmir. He

found it in Pindori a village in the Rawalpindi district. The copy was lost in a flood and the

owner of the manuscript Mulla Mahmud died and his family migrated to Afghanistan. Never

the less a list of 35 kings whose names were lost to history in Kalhana’s words was published

by Ghulam Hasan.[Bamzai]

13. Rajatrangini of Kalhana

Raja Tarangini, the only book of Kashmir chronicles written in Sanskrit. It was composed

from the help of eleven Rajakathas and nilamat purana. This book gives an account of the

Rulers and the events from the 8th century to the 12th century. It was later extended and

supplemented by Jona Raja, Shrivara and Prajna Bhatta and brought up to date till the reign

of Zainul-Ab-din.[ Kashmir: Region & People First Edition, 2002, p. 5-20]

It was translated into Persian in 15th

century by orders of Zainul Abidin, under the title ثحز It was most probably not a complete translation. In 1594 Mulla Abdul Qadir .االطوبر

Badayuni completed and rewrote it in just about two months time. Abul Fazal incorporated

long abstracts in Ain-i- Akbari. Bernier makes a mention of it in one of his letters. Moorcraft

obtained a copy in 1832. This copy was translated into French by M. Troyer. Bhuler strated a

search for Codex-archetypus of Rajatarangini. It was in the custody of Kashmiri Pandit

Sivaram in whose family it was kept for a long time. It was only briefly shown to him. Bhuler

left Kashmir in December 1875. Aurel Stein heared the episode from Bhuler himself. Stein

reached Kashmir on 12 ofAugust 1888. He tried to get a copy but he was also refused. It was

only on the intervantion of maharaja himself that then governer Dr. Suraj Kaul confiscated

the manuscript. It was offered for study to Stein. After an effort of 11 years Stein and the

team of local pundets appointed by Maharaja completed a translation. Sanskrit edition

published in 1892 while An English translation and commentary were published

in1900.R.S.Pandit published a translation in 1935.

The first book deals with Gonanda dynasty, several local rulers, Asoka and his successors,

the Turuskas i-e the Kushans and the Hunas.

Book ii mentions the local rulers of non Gonanda origin.

Book iii is about the restoration of Gonandas to the throne. Pravarasena and Toramana are

mentioned.

Book iv is an acouunt of Karkota dynasty over thrown by Utpalas.

Book v is about Utpalas

Book vi is about Viradeva and Abhinava.

Book vii is an account of Lohara till the death of Harsha. The first Lohara dynasty.

Book viii is about second Lohara dynasty up to the time of Kalhana.

References:

Chitralekha Zutshi

2011 Translating the Past: Rethinking Rajatarangini Narratives in Colonial India

The Journal of Asian Studies, 70: 5-27.

تبرید کشویز هظفہ هال شب هحوس شب آثبزی

Persian translation of Rajatrangini on. Emperor Muhammad Akber’s

order.BL.No.Add.24, 032.India Office No.2442.(Cilcutta Reviw CI p.270 ff.)

Mullā Shāh Muḥammad Shāhābādī.

1974 Rāj tarangīnī: Tārīkh-i Kashmīr.Markaz-i Taḥqīqāt-i Fārsi-i Īrān va Pākistān

Rāvalpindī. راج تزگیی: )تبرید کشویز(۔ تزخوہ ثفبرطی شب هحوس شب آثبزی۔ همسهہ و تظحیح طبثز

آفبلی۔اطالم آثبز۔

K. N. Pandit.

1991 Bahāristān-i-Shāhī. A chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir.Calcutta.

Aklujkar, Ashok. Ed. by Bandhyopadhyaya.

1987 Rājataraṅgiṇī 1. Ancient Indian History, Philosophy and Culture. Essays in

Memory of Professor Radhagovinda Basak Vidyāvācaspati.Calcutta.224–

245,176.

Das, Sukla. Ed. by S. K. Maity, Upendra Thakur.

1987 Jonarāja and Dvitīya Rājataraṅgiṇī.Indological Studies. Prof. D. C. Sircar

Commemoration Volume.61-64.

Dhar, Kashi nath.

1994 Śrīvara’s Zaina Rājataraṅgiṇī. English translation and annotations.New

Delhi.

Dutt, J. C.

1887 Kings of Kāshmīra. Calcutta. Vols 1–2.

Dutt, J. C. Ed. with notes, etc., by S. L. Sadhu

1993 Medieval Kashmir. Being a reprint of the Rajataranginis of Jonaraja,

Shrivara and Shuka, as transl. into Engl. by J. C. Dutt and publ. in 1898 A.D.

under the title Kings of Kashmira.New Delhi.Vol. III.

Hassnain, Fida Muhammad.

2007 The Muslim Kashmir 1320-1589.Srinagar.

Hultzsch, Eugen.

1913 Critical Notes on Kalhaṇa’s Eigth Taraṅga. IA 42: 301-306.

Hultzsch, Eugen.

1911 Critical Notes on Kalhaṇa’s Seventh Taraṅga.IA 40:97-102.

Hultzsch, Eugen

1889 Extracts from Kalhaṇa’s Rājataraṅgiṇī.IA 18:65-73; 97-105.

Hultzsch, Eugen.

1890 Extracts from Kalhaṇa’s Rājataraṅgiṇī.IA 19:261-268.

Hultzsch, Eugen.

1915 Kritische Bemerkungen zur Rājataraṅgiṇī.ZDMG 69:129-167; 271-282.

Srivara.

1977 Jaina-Rajatarangini of Srivara. Translation with critical notes in Hindi by

Raghunath Singh. Pt. 1.2.Chaukhamba

AmarabharatiGranthamala.11.Varanasi.

Jonaraja, Kalhana, et al.

1972 Rajatarangini.VaranasiCankhamba Samskrta Sirija Afisa.

Jonarāja.

1967 Rājataraṅgiṇī. Rājataraṅgiṇī of Jonarāja. Ed. with text comparative and

critical annotations and an elaborate introduction by Srikanth

Kaul.Vishveshvaranand Inst. Publ. 432. = Woolner Indological Ser.

7.Hoshiarpur.

Kalhana

1900 Kalhaṇa’s Rājataraṅgiṇī. A Chronicle of the Kings of Kaśmīr.Westminster.

Vol. 1. 2. Transl., with an introd.Comm. and app.Rajatarangini: A Chronicle

of the Kings of Kashmir. Translated, with an introduction, commentary and

appendices by M.A. Stein.Delhi.Reprinted Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass.vol. 1:

Introduction and Books 1-7 vol. 2: Notes, Geographical Memoir, Index,

Maps.Reprints.1901,1916, 1960 M. Ram M. Lal.1961. Delhi.Motilal

Banarsidass.

Kalhana and M. A. Troyer

1852 Radjatarangini; histoire des rois du Kachmir. Traduite et commentée par

M.A. Troyer.Paris.L'Impremerie nationale.

Kalhana and Ranjit Sitaram Pandit.

1968 Rajatarangini, the saga of the kings of Kasmir. Translated from the original

Samskrta and entitled The river of kings with an introd.Annotations,

appendices, index, etc. Foreword [by] Jawaharlal Nehru.New Delhi.Sahitya

Akademi.

Kalhana and R. Singh.

1973 Rajatarangini.Hindi Pracaraka Samsthana.Varanasi.

Kalhana and V. B. Shastri

1963 Rajatarangini.Hosiarkuram.Visvesvarananda vedika Sodha Sansthan.

Kalhana, f. and R. Sastri.

1985 Rajatarangini: Kasmirastha-naresanam yathakramam vrttavivaranam:

'Sobhana'khyaya Hindivyakhyaya samvalita.Dilli.Caukhamba Samskrta

Pratisthana.

Kalhana, P. a. Durga, et al.

1892 Kalhanakrta Rajatarangini; Vrajalalasununa Durgaprasadena samsodhita.

Mumbai.Government Book Depot.

M. A. stein.

1892 Kalhaṇa's Rājataraṅgiṇī. Chronicle of the kings of Kaśmīr. Sanskrit text with

crit. notes.Bombay.

Kaul, Govind. Ed. by Paṇḍit Śivadatta and K. P. Parab.

1897 Haracaritacintāmaṇyantargatatīrthādināmadheyānām anukramaṇikā.The

Haracharitachintāmaṇi of Rājānaka Jayaratha.Kāvyamālā. 61.

Bombay.Appendix, pp. 1-10.

Kilam, Jia Lal. Rev. ed. by Advaitavadini Kaul.

1955. A History of Kashmiri Pandits. Delhi. (Reprint. 2003).

Kölver, Bernhard

1971 Textkritische und philologische Untersuchungen zur Rājataraṅgiṇī des

Kalhaṇa.VOHD, Suppl. 12.Wiesbaden.

Kosambi, D. D.

1956-1957 Origins of feudalism in Kaśmīr.Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay۔

New Series 31/32.108-120.

Kreyenborg, Elisabeth.

1930 Der XXV. Gesang des Śrīkaṇṭhacaritam des Maṅkha. Ein Beitrag zur

altindischen Literaturgeschichte. Philos.-Diss.Münster.

Kulke, Hermann et al.

1981 Indische Geschichte vom Altertum bis zur Gegenwart. Literaturbericht über

neuere Veröffentlichungen.Historische Zeitschrift. Sonderheft 10.München.

Kulke, Hermann.

1979 Geschichtsschreibung und Geschichtsbild im hinduistischen Mittelalter.

Vgl. unten: Kulke 2001.Saeculum 30.100-112.

Kulke, Hermann.

2001 Historiography in Early Medieval India. In: Explorations in the History of

South Asia. Essays in Honour of Dietmar Rothermund. Ed. by Georg

Berkemer et al.Vgl. oben Kulke 1979.New Delhi.71-83.

Majumdar, A.K

1956 The Rājataraṅgiṇīs as Sources of the History of Kashmir during the Sultanate.

Bhāratīya Vidyā XVI, 1.1-12.

Pandit, Ranjit Sitaram.

1935 Rājataraṅgiṇī. The Saga of the Kings of Kaśmīr. Transl. from the original

Saṃskṛt.New Delhi.

Pathak, V.S.

1966 Ancient Historians of India. A Study in Historical Biographies.Bombay.

Jonaraja.ed.

1896 Rajatarangini (Dvittiya).Bombay Sanskrit Series, No.LIV.Bombay.

R.S. pandat.

The River of Kings. (Translation of Rajatarangini,) Allahabad, 1934.

Raina, L.N

Kalhana - the great chronicler.Kashmiri Pandits.S. 167-170.

Ed. and transl. R. Singh.

1973–1976 Rājataraṃgiṇī Kalhaṇakṛta.Varanasi.Vol. 1.2.

Raghunath Singh

1972 Rājatarangini of Jonarāj. Transl., with crit. notes in Hindi.The Jaikrishnadas-

Krishnadas Prachyavidya Granthamala.4.Varanasi.

Vishva Bandhu.

1963–1965 Rājataraṅgiṇī of Kalhaṇa. Ed., critically, and annotated.Woolner Indological

Series. 8. Hoshiarpur.Pt. 1–2.

Śrīvara and Śuka.Ed. Srikanth Kaul.

1966 Rājataraṅgiṇī of Śrīvara and Śuka. Ed., critically, and annotated with text-

comparative data from original manuscripts and other available materials

Vishveshvaranand Inst. Publ. 398 = Woolner Indological Ser. 8.Hoshiarpur.

Ranjit Sitaram Pandit.

1935 Rājataraṅgiṇī. The Saga of the Kings of Kaśmīr. Transl. from the original

Saṃskṛta

New Delhi.

Rastogi, Navjivan

1975 Contribution of Kashmir to Philosophy, Thought and Culture.ABORI LVI

27-43.

Rau, Wilhelm.

1994 Naturkundliches aus Kalhaṇas Rājataraṅgiṇī (vollendet A.D. 1148). StII 19

215-219.

Ray, H.C

First publ. in

1931

The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period).Delhi.

Vol. 1. 2nd ed.

Ray, R.

1967 Rājataraṅgiṇī-Kośa, a Descriptive Index of Names and Subjects of Kalhaṇa’s

Rājataraṅgiṇī.Benares.

Reddy, D. V. Subba.

3,3

(Jul.1973);

3,4

(Oct.1973)

Glimpses of famines, plagues, medicine and magic in ancient and medieval

Kashmir as described in Rajatarangini (12th century).BIHM 3, 1.S. 9-23; 111-

121; 189-200.

Sadhu, S. L.

1967 Tales from the Rājataraṅgiṇī.Śrīnagar.

Salomon, Richard.

1987 Notes on the Translations of Kalhaṇa’s Rājataraṅgiṇī (I-IV).Berliner.

Indologische Studien 3.149-179.

Saqi, Moti Lal.

1984 Rajatangini by Kalhana.son adab.15-31.

Saqi, Moti Lal.

1995 Kalhana and Buddhism.Kashmiri Pandits 1995.S. 462-465. S. 71-75.I-VI.

Schnellenbach, Christiane.

1996 Geschichte als Gegengeschichte? Historiographie in Kalhaṇas Rājataraṅgiṇī.

Philos. Diss. Kiel 1995.Marburg.[Microfiche-Ausg.] Edition Wissenschaft.

Reihe Orientalistik.3.

Shamus-ud-Din Ahmad

Waqiaat-i-Kashmir.

Shyam L. Sadhu, ed.

1993 Mediaeval Kashmir, a reprint of Kings of Kashmira III, Jogesh Chandra

Dutt’s tr. of the Rājataraṅgiṇīs of Jonaraja, Shrivara, and Shuka, Calcutta,

1898.New Delhi.

Slaje, Walter.

2005 A Note on the Genesis and Character of Śrīvara's So-Called Jaina-

Rājataraṅgiṇī.JAOS 125.3.379-388.

Slaje, Walter.

Jnu 2007 The Last Buddhist of Kashmir as Recorded by Jonarāja.Sanskrit Studies Vol.

2.New Delhi.Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies.

Sohini, S. V.

1950 The Chavillakara fragment in Kalhana's Rajatarangini.JBRS 36,1/2.S. 71-75

I-VI. May-Jun.

Jonarāja

1900 Śrīmaṅkhakakaviviracitaṃ śrīkaṇṭhacaritam. Jonarājakṛtayā ṭīkayā sametam.

Kāvyamālā. 3. Bombay. Reprint. Delhi 1983.

Śrīvara.

Zayna-Taraṅgiṇī & Rājataraṅgiṇī.

Devika Rangachari.

Stories from Rajatarangini: Tales of Kashmir.

Ed. by Maurice Bloomfield and Richard Garbe.

1901 The Kashmirian Atharvaveda (School of the Paippalādas).Baltimore.Vol. 1.

1835 The "Rája Taranginí", a History of Cashmír, Consisting of Four Separate

Compilations, Viz : I. The "Rája Taranginí", by Kalhana Pandita, 1148 A. D.

; II. The "Rájávalí", by Jona Rája (defective), to 1412 A. D. ; III.

Continuation of the Same, by Srí Vara Pandita, Pupil of Jona Rája, A. D.

1477; IV. The "Rájávalí Pátaka", by Prájya Bhatta, Brought Up to the

Conquest of the Valley by the Emperor Akber... Commenced under the

Auspices of the General Committee of Public. Instruction; transferred to the

Asiatic Society; with other unfinished oriental works; and completed in

1835.Calcutta.4 Vols.(?).

Durgāprasāda, Son of Vrajalāla.Ed. by P. Peterson.

1892–1894 The Rājataraṅgiṇī of Kalhaṇa. Ed. by Durgāprasāda, Son of

Vrajalāla.

Bombay Sanskrit Series. XLV. LI.Bombay.Vol. I–II.

Durgāprasāda, Son of Vrajalāla.Ed. by P. Peterson.

1896 The Rājataraṅgiṇī of Kalhaṇa, Containing the Supplements to the Work of

Jonarāja, Srīvara and Prājyabhaṭṭa.Bombay Sanskrit Series. LIV.Vol. III.

Van Limburg Brouwer, Petrus Abraham Samuel.

1867 Het boek der Koningen: eene proeve van Indische geschiedenis.Leiden.

http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/3015789.Devika_Rangachari

2. Arabic Historical Sources (manuscripts and published material)

Though there are frequent mentions of the Internal and external Kashmir in Early Arabic

sources no documents of Historical importance are so far recorded in the valley of Kashmir.

The Shia book asool -e- Kafi adds the personal narrative of a Kashmiri Jew Abu Saeed

Ghanim Kashmiri how he left the valley in 3rd

century Hijri. One Arabic manuscript of some

historical importance was reported in 1936. This was a biography of a saint buried in

Srinagar. Two pages were photographed but these photos are not available any more. There is

a fair possibility that it was Akhbar wa Ahadith Youz Asif, now housed at Hazrat Bal

Research Institute (Acc. No. 2824 folios.171.).

۔۳۳۴اطول الکبفی۔کتبة الحدۃ۔ ص۔

3. Persian Historical sources (manuscripts and published material)

هال بزری

.1420A.D بزری هال تبرید

Lost.

آثبزی شب هحوس هالشب

تبرید کشویز

Lost.

هال شب هحوس شب آثبزی

Persian translation of Rajatrangini on. Emperor Muhammad Akber’s

order. BL.No.Add.24, 032.India Office No.2442.

Anonymous

(Baharistan-i Shahi)شبہی ثہبرطتبى

1614

H.O.R.I. 691(ff.108). BL.Add.16,706. I.O.509, 943.

Baharistan-e- Shahi. Firma KLM Private Limited. Calcutta.

سہللا شب آثبزیطؼ

ثبؽ طلیوبى هظوم

H.O.R.I.1059 (ff.205), 1194(ff.256), 2134(ff.313), 510(ff.113.

Anonymous

لساخ حبالت

H.O.R.I. 2931(ff.96).

احوس شب هیزای کشویزی

خواہزالوظوم

H.O.R.I.2051 (ff.184).

Anonymous

تبرید کشویز هظوم

H.O.R.I.2328 (7).

هال هحوس ذلیل هیزخبپوری


H.O.R.I.2259 (ff.29), 3107(ff.150). One Ms. In R.A.C.B

تبرید کشویز حظہ زوم.هال هحوس ذلیل هیزخبپوری

H.O.R.I.800(ff.161).

حیسر هلک چوزر

1617A.D تبرید کشویز

1027 Hijri

Fida Hassnain reports that it was published from Muhammadi Press

Lahore. Haider Malik, Tarikh-i Kashmir, Per. ms. (R & P Deptt.,

Srinagar).

H.O.R.I. 39(ff.55), 1856(ff.95).

MSS.42930, 44092, 46443, 46693,510. SOAS.

BritishLibraryMs.BL-6188(India Office No.3 of Kashmiri collection

MS.3523I-O.BML.

طیس ػلی ثي طیس هحوس کشویزی


Sayyid Ali, Tarikh-i Sayyid Ali, Per .ms (R & P Deptt., Srinagar), ff. 2–4;

H.O.R.I.739 (ff.56).

Abdul Qaium Rafiqi: History of Kashmir (Tarikh-i- Kashmir of saiyid

Ali) English translation with historical Analysis. 2011 Gulshan Books.

غالم جی)بثب شب ذبیبری(

وخیشالتوارید

H.O.R.I.1048(ff.126).

هیز طیف السیي کشویزی

1760 تبرید کشویز

H.O.R.I.760 (ff.1).

هیز طیف السیي کشویزی

ذالطۃ التوارید

Anonymous

ذالطہ تبرید کشویز هظوم

H.O.R.I.1406 (ff.7).

احوس ثي ػجبص طجور کشویزی

ذوارق الظبلکیي

ور کشویزی

هطبلؼۃ االوار

H.O.R.I.1860 (ff.12).

Anonymous

هدول توارید کشویز و ہس

H.O.R.I.2379 (ff.18).

کچزو پڈت ثیزثل

هدووع التوارید

Birbal Kachroo, Majmu’at Tawarikh, Per. ms., Research and Publication

Department of the J&K StateLibraries, J&K, India (hereafter R&P Deptt.,

Srinagar),ff.148–9.

H.O.R.I. 130(ff.375), 14(ff.345), 3228(ff.262)2876(ff.198), 935(ff.252),

1363(ff.152), 2317(ff.413).

Anonymous


H.O.R.I. 2306(ff. 60).

Anonymous

تبرید کشویزبهکول

SOAS.Ms. 46454 Copied: 1888. H.O.R.I. 23. 1670.

Anonymous

Copied :1888 تبرید کشویزبهکول

Ms. 46454.SOAS

پڈت برائي کول ػبخش

هترت التوارید

H.O.R.I. 934(ff.95), 740(ff.51), 1842(ff.199), 2360(ff.137).

11,631.1193(ff.131).1485(ff.57).

BL.India Office. No.2490, 3523

Anonymous

)آغبس حوس آى کہ ػبلن خبوزثظت کززع (تبرید کشویز

Copied

1848A.D/1265 H

Or.1799, BL.Or.1799.

تبرید راخگبى ہس

371(f.22).22. 371. H.O.R.I

کشویزهزسا حیسر زوغلت کبشغزی ثبزشب

تبرید رشیسی

H.O.R.I.3271 (ff.437)573(ff.332), A.S.B. 210.

غالم هحوس اذوى

تبرید کشتواڑ و لساخ

H.O.R.I. 577(ff.32).

پڈ ت شیو خی زھبرى

تبرید کشتواڑ

H.O.R.I. 37. 1836.

هحوس اػظن زیس هزی

والؼبت کشویز تبرید کشویز اػظوی

H.O.R.I.1836 (ff.158), 100(ff.270), 1843(ff.219), 2067(ff.332),

2900(ff.317), 3108(ff.263). BML. Or. 1632.

طہح رام کول کبظن

تبرید کشویز وثہبر کشویز

1376(ff.41).

.اثب رفیغ اثی المبطن هحوس اطلن الوترلض ثوؼوی ولس هحوس اػظن کول الوظوی ثبلوظتغی

گوہز ػبلن تحفۃ للشب ػبلن

H.O.R.I.1130 (ff.176). BL.Or.1632, I-O. Or.1977.

لت التوارید خلس اول و زوم

Or. 1633

Anonymous

تبرید خسول هظوم

H.O.R.I.840 (ff.16).

Anonymous

A H 994 تبرید کشویز

Or. 1799

Anonymous

تبرید کشیز

H.O.R.I. 1626(ff.166).

غالم هحئی السیي هظکیي

Printed in تبرید کجیز خلس زوم

1894written in

1892.

H.O.R.I. 2045(ff.53). 2046(ff.23), 2047(ff.50), 840. 2049. 2044(ff.152).


تبرید کجیز

H.O.R.I.2049 (ff.36).


(بهکول )برید کشویزت

H.O.R.I. 1319(52).

Anonymous

تبرید کشویز بهکول

H.O.R.I.1670 (ff.23).

.غالم هحئی السیي هظکیي طزائے ثبلی

تبرید کجیز خلس اول )تذکز اولیبئے کشویز(

H.O.R.I. 2048(ff.327).

وئیہبهیہغالم حظي ک

تبرید حظي خلس اول

H.O.R.I.511 (ff.108).


تبرید حظي خلس زوم

H.O.R.I.1717 (ff.171).


تبرید حظي خلس طوم

H.O.R.I. 2932(ff.366).

افضل

تبرید فزهبزوایبى کشویزهظوم

H.O.R.I. 578(ff.74).

ظتبىطفزبهہ تزکظتبى، تبرید چیی تزک

H.O.R.I.50. 3024.

هوہي الل

طفز بهہ هوہي الل

H.O.R.I. 1801.

روضۃ الکشویز )خغزافیہ(

H.O.R.I. 1256.

هال ثہبوالسیي هتو

ریشی بهہ

H.O.R.I. 2164. 1510. 956. 1041. 1044. 1409. 1586. 48. 1822.

Maha Shah Deka Kashmiri

ہ کشویز هظوم رئیض به

H.O.R.I. 664(ff.35), 671(ff.35).

طیس غالم رطول مشجسی همجل

رئیض بهہ کشویز هظوم

H.O.R.I. 664.

ثبثب ظیت السیي غبسی

ور بهہ

H.O.R.I. 1392. 2333.2862. 3215. 504. 611. 612. 795. 807. 2022. 726. 668.

53. 2092. 2664. 2662.

اثو رفیغ السیي احوس

1723 وازراالذجبر

Kashmir History manuscripts No.5. India Office

ثبثو راج هوہي

ووہ ذالطۃ التوارید

H.O.R.I. 458(ff.25).

ور کشویزی

هطبلؼۃ االوار

H.O.R.I. 1840.

تبثیزات سلشلہ

H.O.R.I. 437(ff.9).

ہ بهہ هظوم سلشل

H.O.R.I. 2215(ff.4).

سلشلہ بهہ

H.O.R.I. 11.

کشویز کوایف

H.O.R.I. 3213(ff.55).

خواہزالوظوم

H.O.R.I. 2051) ff. 184(.

ی کشویزیاحوس شب هیزا

خلس زوم خواہزالوظوم

H.O.R.I. 2053(ff.45).

ثسھز ػزف زاص

زرشی راج

History of Rajas of Jamun from the earliest times to A.D. 1847.

Or.1634. H.O.R.I.2519(ff.195).photo Stat.

Anonymous

کشویز تبرید

BL.Or.1799

Anonymous


H.O.R.I.2306 (ff.60).

.خبئظی هولوی المضبح لبضی ػجسالمبزرثي

Copied in کشویز حشوت تبرید

Banaras 1850

Persian Kashmir History manuscripts No.8, B.L.Or.1748. I-O.

لجۃالتوارید

کتبثت طي

۵۴۴۱اساسا

I-O. Kashmir History Persian No.9.

التوارید لت

5481 A.D /1262

H

هدسی کشویزی ذبى ذیزالشهبى اثي هحوساػظن

5181A.D/1160H یدالتوار لت

هالتوفیك

5415A.D/1267H کشویزهظوم احوال

BL.Or.26,282, India Office Library 1429

کشویزا ثبثبهال ظیت

کشویز هشبئد تذکز بهہ رشی

Edinburgh University Library No. 245, India Office Library No. 3616

غبفل السیي رفیغ

5171A.D/1136H

A.D 5471. کتبثت

BL Add.24-029

ہللا هیزػشت

ہللا ػشت طفزبهہ

BL.Or.26,282, India Office library No.1429 5457-51

کشویز تبرید یب اکجزشبہی طجمبت

BL.Or.9,756

English translation of translations

Add 30779

گوپبس وػہس شاریوسآطفه تولیت ثبثت فیظلہ

Deposited with the care taker of the Tomb. ۵۵خوبزی

ہدزی۵۵۱۴االول

Baba Dawood Khaki

Rishi Nama, Per. ms, R & P Deptt., Srinagar

Baba Nasib

Nur Nama, Per. ms. R & P Deptt., Srinagar.

Muhammad Azam

Waqiat-i Kashmir, R & P Deptt. Srinagar.

Published Persian Sources:

احوس السیي ظبم ذواخہ

5311 ثگبل آف طوطبئٹی ایشیبٹک۔۔ اکجزی طجمبت

السیي شزف

ظفزبهہ

پڈت الل هوہي

ػوسحالتوارید

زیواى کزپبرام

1864 هطجؼکوہورالہور۔ گلشارکشویز

زائي ثشي

5411 الہور۔ گلشارکشویز

هال ػجسالجبلی

1924 کلکتہ۔ هآثزرحیوی

ت کبچزوپڈ ثیزثل

۔الہور هطجوػہ۔ هرتظزالتوارید

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1963 Muntakhab-al Lubab. Karachi.

Abul Fazl

1869. Ain-i Akbari. Vol. II. Nawal Kishore edition.Lucknow.

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1927 Ain-i Akbari.reprint. Calcutta.Vols.i&ii.

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S. L. Shali

1993 Kashmir History and Archaeology through the Ages. (New Delhi: IndusPublishing

Company.

Percy Brown

1959 Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods).Bombay.

G .S. Gaur;eds. B. M.Pande & B .D. Chattopadhyaya.

1987 Semthan Excavations – A Step towards Bridging the Gap between the Neolithic

andKushanas.inEssays in Archaeology and History in Memory of Shri. A. Ghosh , (New

Delhi), pp. 327–37.

H. D. Sankalia;eds: S. P. Gupta and K. S. Ramachandaran.

1977 Prehistoric Colonisation in India.in Aspects of Indian History and Archaeolog. New

Delhi. pp. 300–01.

2008 Mir’aas: Reflecting the Heritage of Kashmir. Vol. 1 (1) New Delhi, January–March.

Excavations - Since Independence - Jammu & Kashmir

Site Year(s) Excavated by Reference

Burzahom 1960-61; 1961-62;

1962-63; 1964-65 to

1966-67; 1968-69;

1971-72 & 1973-74

ASI IAR 1960-61, p. 11; 1961-62,

pp. 17-21; 1962-63, pp. 9-10;

1964-65, p. 13; 1965-66, p. 19;

1966-67, pp. 16-17; 1968-69, p.

10; 1971-72, p. 24 & 1973-74,

p. 15.

Gufkral 1981-82 ASI IAR 1981-82, pp. 19-25.

Harwan 1973-74 ASI IAR 1973-74, pp. 15-16.

Malpur 1993-94 ASI IAR 1993-94, pp. 53-54

Manda 1976-77 ASI IAR 1976-77, pp. 19-23.

Martand 1969-70 ASI IAR 1969-70, p. 13.

Mumma Khan 1953-54 J & K State

Archaeology

IAR 1953-54, p. 12.

Pambarwan 1973-74 ASI IAR 1973-74, p. 14.

Semthan 1977-78; 1978-79;

1980-81.

ASI IAR 1977-78, p. 24; 1978-79,

pp. 69-70; 1980-81, pp. 21-23.

TIsseru Stupa, Leh 1986-87; 1987-88;

1988-89

ASI IAR 1986-87, pp. 36-37;

1987-88, p. 31; 1988-89, pp. 28-

29

Source: http://asi.nic.in/asi_exca_indi_jammukashmir.asp

Excavations - 2000-2005 - Jammu & Kashmir

Ambaran, dt. Jammu Ambaran (30054’ N and 740 46’E) located on the right bank of river Chenab

(Chandrabhaga), about 26 km north-west of Jammu is a centrally protected site. Excavation

at the site in 1900-2000 has revealed cultural sequence of three periods. A square base of a

possible stupa was partially exposed.

The excavation at the site during the field season 2000-01 has revealed a cultural sequence of

four periods from 2nd-1st Cent. B.C. to 6th-7th Century A.D.

Period-I: Pre-Kushan Period (c.2nd -1st Cent. B.C.)

Period-II: Kushan Period (c.1st-3rd Cent. A.D)

Period III: Post-Kushan Period (c. 4th-6th Cent. A.D.)

The excavation has brought to light remains of a Buddhist monastic establishment made of

burnt brick (brick size 36 to 38 cm x 24x 6 to 7 cm.) belonging to Period-II. The stupa

discovered is square on plan and measures 6m x 6m at the base. It has corners of concave and

convex sided moulded bricks besides plain one at regular interval. The core of the stupa was

found to be filled with pebbles mixed with earth. Parts of the harmika and other decorations

of the drum were also discovered. Remains of four votive stupas were encountered at the

corner of the stupa. A large enclosure wall and other structures of the monastery were

exposed which were originally constructed during the Kushan period and repaired and

reconstructed during later period. The stupa was of Saririka as confirmed from the discovery

of a copper reliquary recovered at 40 cm above the base of the stupa at the central part. The

reliquary contains silver casket and gold and silver leave, beads of pearls, coral, carnelian and

amethyst and three copper coins . The silver casket contains a gold casket and some pieces of

charred bone and ash.

The Period III had yielded two phases of structural activities. The 1st phase revealed a

structure measuring 25 x7 m in east-west orientation. A pathway of random masonry was

found inside this rectangular structure. In the 2nd phase, bricks and brick bats of earlier

structures were re-used, mostly for strengthening the walls. The structures were of 2m x 2m

size in this phase. A large number of terracotta human body parts were found from Period-III.

The other antiquities include small stone sculpture, TC moulds, beads, gamesman, copper and

iron objects. Remains of metal smiths workshop was discovered along with large quantity of

iron slags, iron implements and other associated materials. The workshop is dated Gupta

period.

Sudh Mahadev, dt.Jammu

The site Sudh Mahadev (350 01’17’ N and 750 21’ 47’’ E) located about 115 kms from

Jammu was subjected to excavation in 2002-03. The small scale excavation has brought to

light several structural remains in the form of stone masonry wall encased with diaper

pebbles on either side. Typical Gupta stamped pottery, red ware etc. were found from the

excavation. The important shapes in pottery include vases, bowls, variety of spouts and

sprinklers. The excavated remains can be dated to Gupta period (3rd-4th Century A.D.)

http://asi.nic.in/asi_exca_2005_jammukashmir.asp

Excavations - Important - Jammu & Kashmir

Burzahom (34°10'; 73°54'), Dt Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir Burzahom is located 16 km northeast of Srinagar off Naseem-Shalimar road, and situated

about 1800 m above sea-level. The Megalithic menhirs here are situated on a karewa mound

which were first noticed by de Terra and Paterson in 1939, who collected some bone and

stone tools from here in a short excavation. Subsequent exploration by the ASI has brought to

light about a dozen similar sites such as Begagund, Brah, Gofkral, Hariparigom, Jayadevi-

udar, Olichibag, Pampur, Panzogom, Sombur, Thajiwor and Waztal, all located on karewas

especially in the south – east parts of the Kashmir valley. Extensive excavation conducted at

Burzahom by T.N. Khazanchi and his associates on behalf of the ASI from 1960 to 1971 has

brought to light a fourfold sequence of cultures: Periods I and II, Neolithic; Period Ill,

Megalithic; and Period IV, early, Historical.

Period I has revealed dwelling pits, circular or oval on plan, narrow at the top and wide at the

base and also pit chambers, square to rectangular in shape. Both the circular pits and pit

chambers were dug into the compact natural soil. Some of the deeper ones were provided

with landing steps, which however do not lead down to the bottom indicating the use of a

ladder for further descent. The filling in some pits consists of ash and charcoal in regular

bands, which is clearly indicative of human occupation. Post-holes on the periphery of these

pits suggest that there must have been some superstructure of perishable material such as

birch, carried on wooden posts as a protective cover. Storage pits, 60 to 91 cm in diameter,

containing some animal bones, stone and bone tools are in close proximity to the dwelling

pits. Irregularly dressed leaning stones, 91 cm to 1.51 m in length and 22 to 44 cm in width.

Apart from the dwelling pits the residential pattern at the earliest level consists of rectangular

or squarish pit chambers. They are also cut into the natural soil down to a depth of about 1 m

or even less.

The period is marked by the presence of a large number of well-polished bone and stone

tools. The pottery is characterised by crude and handmade, coarse in fabric, the colour mainly

of steel-grey and various shades of dull-red, brown and buff. The main shapes are the bowl,

vase and stem.

The Period II saw introduction of many new structural patterns. The semi-subterranean pits

and pit chambers were filled up and plastered with mud and sometimes covered with a thin

coat of red ochre to serve as a floor. That extensive timber structures were erected is clear

from the numerous post-holes on the regular floors in the rammed karewa soil. An important

discovery in this Period is an engraved stone making it non-functional at the place of its

occurrence. The engraving on the slab depicts hunting scenes showing an antlered deer being

pierced from behind with a long spear by a hunter and an arrow being discharged by another

hunter from the front. Numerous human and animal burials have been found. Humans were

buried both primarily and secondarily in oval pits, mostly dug into the house floors or in the

compound, the filling being, ash, stone pieces and pot sherds. Trepanning has also been

noticed on one skull. In secondary burials skulls and long bones were preferred. Along with

human bones those of dogs and antlered deer occur.

The pottery is generally handmade and consists of burnished black ware of medium fabric

with shapes of dish with provision for a stand, high-necked jar, etc. Matt impressions on the

bases continue on many types. A wheel-made red-ware pot with 950 carnelian and agate

beads belongs to the end of the Period.

The Neolithic culture is followed by the Megalithic associated with the setting up of menhirs

to erect with wide pits were cut. The Megalithic people used wheel-made pots of gritty red

ware. Bone and stone tools continue to be in use along with copper objects but the incidence

is less. Rubble structures of this Period have also been found.

The last activity at the site is in the early historical period, with mud-brick structures. The

pottery is, red ware of fine-to-medium fabric, often slipped and mostly wheel-made. Iron

objects occur.

Following are some of the 14C for the Neolithic levels: 1535 + 110 B.C 1825 + 100B.C1850

+ 125 B.C 2025 + 350 B.C2225 + 115B.Cand 2375 + 210 B.C.

Manda (36°56'; 74°48'), Dt. Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir On the right bank of the Chenab in the foothills of the Pir Panjal range,is considered as the

northernmost limit of the Harappan Civilization. It was excavated by J.P.Joshi in 1976-7. The

9.20 m deposit has threefold sequence, with two Sub-Periods in Period l. Sub-Period I A is

marked by the arrival of the Harappans, who had the pre; Harappa redware (15 to 20%) as

well, the jar with thick painted horizontal bands being reminiscent of the pre-defence phase

of Harappa; a rusticated ware is also met with. The Harappa ware includes the jar, dish, dish-

on-stand, beaker and goblet but no perforated jar. There are a copper pin of w.Asian affinity,

bone arrowheads, terracotta cakes, sherds with Harappa graffiti,chert blades and an

unfinished seal. In Sub-Period I B the Harappa red ware and grey ware are associated with

the PGW. In the former the beaker and goblet are absent. The grey ware is represented by the

dish and bowl, the ware being in the proportion of 7 to 19%.Period II has the early historical

pottery of types comparable with those of that period from n.India. Period III is represented

by Kushan antiquities and impressive house walls of rubble diaper masonry flanked on both

sides of a 3 m wide street.

Source: http://asi.nic.in/asi_exca_imp_jammukashmir.asp

Ijaz Ahmad Banday’s CV gives the following information:

paved Kushan period site

tile bearing site of the Parthian-Kushan period

al explorations in the Gool-Mahore-Gulab Garh area

of Jammu to locate seven Historical sites having Stone Cavillary and Bowlies

Pleistocene fossileferous sites at Utarbani

Undertaken archaeological explorations in the Mansbal area to locate a

Palaeolithic habitational site, the only of its kind in the Valley

-Turtuk area of Ladakh

to locate various cultural facets of the people that have been acquired on

account of travel and trade

a Neolithic-Megalithic habitational site along with a refuse site having iron

slag.

cal explorations in the Bomai area of Sopore to locate

a carved rock bearing Upper Palaeolithic engravings

stupa pavement along with an enclosure wall at Hoinar, Pahalgam

- Kushan Period site to unearth

tile pavement at Doon Pather, Pahalgam

arge

number of sites having Bowlies-Stone Cavillary along with hundreds of stone

sculptures.

5. Palaeography and Epigraphy

Coomaraswamy, A.k.

April. 1931 A relief and inscriptions from Kashmir.University of Pennsylvania Museum

Bulletin.Philadelphia.2 (6):202-206.

Francke, A.H.

Oct, 1903 Notes on a collection of stone implements from Ladakh.Indian Antiquary.

32:389-391.

Francke, A.H.

March,

1906

Rock inscriptions at Mulbe.Indian Antiquary.35:72-81.

Francke, A.H.

Sept. Some more rock carvings from lower Ladakh.Indian Antiquary.32:361-363.

Jarret, Henry. Sullivan.

1880 Notes on an inscription found upon a stone near the ruins of a Masjid on Lanka

island. Wular lake, Kashmir.Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.49 (1):16-

20.

Loewenthal, I.

1864 Some Persian inscriptions found in Srinagar.Journal of the Asiatic Society of

Bengal.278-290.Vol.33 (3).

Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji.

1926 A few Persian Inscriptions of Kashmir.Journal of the Bombay Branch of the

Royal Asiatic Society. New Series.2:184-212.

Modi, Jivanji Jamshedji.

1917-1921 Mogul Emperors at Kashmir. Jahangir’s inscriptions at Verinag and inscription

on the Dal Lake.Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.

New Series.25:26-75.

Qadir, Sheikh Abdul.

1928 Some observations on a few Persian inscriptions of Kashmir by J.J. Modi.

Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. New Series.3:284-

289.

Ray. S.C.

1951 A note on an unpublished Vishnu image from Kashmir.Journal of the Asiatic

Society. Letters.17:251-253.

Sastri, K.N.

1947-48 Srinagar inscription of Queen Didda.Epigraphica Indica.27:153-55.

6. Numismatics

Agarwala.V.S.

1949 A hoard of Kashmir coins.Journal of the Numismatic Society of India.11 (2):69-

79.

Jalali. J.l.k.

1958 Decimal Coinage in Kashmir.Kashmir.8 (5):128-129.

G.B. Bleasby.

1900 List of coins and medals belonging to the Partap Singh museum, Srinagar.

Prepared by G.B. Bleasby.Srinagar.Partap singh Museum.

Mitra, Rajendra Lal.

1861 On the identity of the Toramanas of Eran.Gwalior and Kashmir.Journal of the

Asiatic society of Bengal.30:267-278.

Ray,S.C.

1952 Copper Coins of the Karkota Kings of Kashmir.Journal of the Numismatic Society

of India.14 (1-2)122-124.

Ray,S.C.

Dec

1951

The identity of Toramana of Kashmir Coins.Journal of the Numismatic Society of

India.13 (2):152-157.

Rodgers. Charles James.

1896 Rare Kashmir Coins.Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.65:223-225.

Rodgers. Charles James.

1897 The copper coins of old Maharaja of Kashmir.Journal of the Asiatic Society of

Bengal.48:277-280.

Stein, M.A.

1899 Notes on the monetary system of ancient Kashmir.Numismatic Chronicle. 3rd

Series.19:125-174.

7. Art

Sanjay Godbole

The Sculpture found in Pak occupied Kashmir.

http://panunkashmir.org/blog/pilgrimage/the-sculpture-found-in-pak-

occupied-kashmir/

Adamova, A. T. and T. i. a. V. Grek

1976 Miniatiury kashmirskikh rukopisei = Miniatures from Kashmirian

manuscripts. Leningrad.

Agrawal, R. C.

1998 Kashmir and its monumental glory. New Delhi. Aryan Books International.

Bandey, Ijaz

January 1992 Early Terracotta Art of Kashmir. Srinagar.

Bandey, Ijaz

August 2004. Antiquities in the Central Asian Museum. Vol. I, Srinagar.

Bandey, Ijaz

2011 Silk Route Manifestations in Kashmir Art. Silk Route and Eurasia:

Peace & Cooperation, Ed. Aijaz A. Bandey, CCAS, Srinagar. pp.

147-161

Bandey, Ijaz.Ed. M.A. Kaw.

2010 Socio-Cultural Similarities Between Chinese Turkestan and Kashmir.

Central Asia: Retrospect & Prospects. ReadworthyPublications, New Delhi.

http://panunkashmir.org/blog/pilgrimage/the-sculpture-found-in-pak-occupied-kashmir/



Bandey, Ijaz.

2009 A Recent Discovery of Hellenistic Image of Gaja-Lakshmi from

Kashmir: Style and Development.The Journal of Central Asian Studies,

Vol. 18.

Bandey, Ijaz.

2008 The Arts of Kashmir: An Art Exhibition in New York.The Journal of

Central Asian Studies, Vol. 17.

Bandey, Ijaz.

2007 Arts and Crafts of Kashmir: A history of relations with Central Asia.

History of the Homeland Research Journal. 2(38). Kazakhstan.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

2007 Prolegomenon to the study of Islamic Calligraphy in Kashmir.

Orientations. 38(7. Hong Kong.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

2007 Historic Sites of Kashmir.Profile, Indian Economic Association.

October.

Bandey, Ijaz.A; eds. Mushtaq A Kaw & Aijaz A Bandey.

2006 Archaeological Record on the Silk Route, Central Asia: Introspection.

Srinagar.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

2005 The Plastic Art of Ancient Kashmir: History and Chronology. Journal of

Central Asian Studies.Vol 15.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

2003 Neolithic settlement found at Bomai, Kashmir, India.Circle of Inner

Asian Art, Issue 18, Decembe University of London, London

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

2003 Preliminary Report: Archaeological Investigations in Sopore.Central

Asian Digest. Vol 23,

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

1999 Metal objects of Neolithic Kashmir: Origin and Technology.Journal of

Central Asian Studies.Vol.10.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

1999 Antiquity of man in Central Asia: A Summary.Central Asia: Continuity

and Change.Srinagar (March).

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

1998 Kashmir Paradise was thus made. Greater Kashmir, Srinagar.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

1998 The horses and horsemen of Gool. Aspects of Folklore.Srinagar

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

1997 habitational site at Mansbal Kashmir: Recent Archaeological

Investigations.Journal of Central Asian Studies. Vol 8.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

1995 Contours of Srinagar: Recent Archaeological finds from the capital city

of Zainul Abidin. Journal of Central Asian Studies. Vol 6.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

1994 Re-examination of the Glazed tiles on the tomb of Sayyid Mohammad Al

- Madani.Journal of Central Asian Studies. Vol 4.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

1992 Copper coins from Harwan: Post Kushana period considerations.

Journal of Central Asian Studies. Vol 3.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

1990 Copper Pin from Gofkral.Newsletter, No 7.CCAS, Srinagar

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

Antiquities in the Central Asian Museum, Vol.2 (individual) unpublished.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

Grand Silk Route (interdisciplinary) Unpublished.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

Documentation & Preservation of Unknown Religious Structures in J&K.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

1986 Discovery of Pleistocene fossils in Jammu Hills.K T, Jammu.1:6.

Bandey, Ijaz.A.

2011 Kepler’s Supernova: Indian Record from Kashmir Valley.Astronomische

Nachrichten.6: 655-657.

Billawaria, A K.

1990 Religious art in Jammu hills Jammu. Jay Kay Book House.

Christopher ,Tadgel.

1990 The History of Architecture in India London.

Constance, M. Villiers Stuart.

1913 Gardens of the Great Mughals. London

Cowie, W. G.

1866 Notes on Some of the Temples of Kashmir, especially those not described

by Gen A Cunningham. JRASB .55: 91-123.

Digby, Simon.

1972 A medieval Kashmiri bronze vase AARP: Art and Archaeology Research

Papers.2: 99-103.

Goetz, H.

1969

Studies in the history and art of Kashmir and the Indian

Himalaya.Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz.

Goswamy, B N.

1975 Pahari paintings of the Nala-Damayanti theme in the Collection of Dr

Karan Singh. New Delhi, National Museum Publications Division [Govt of

India].

Goswamy, K, Museum Rietberg, et al

1989 The glory of the great goddess: an illustrated manuscript from Kashmir from

the Alice Boner Collection in the Museum Rietberg Zürich Zürich Museum

Rietberg Zürich.

Hassnain.F.M.

2002 Arts and Crafts of Kashmir.

Hendley, T H.

The journal of Indian art.London W Griggs & Sons.

Hermann, Goetz.

1952 The Beginnings of Mediaeval Art in Kashmir Journal of the University of

Bombay 21(2): 63-106.

Hermann,Goetz.

1955 Mediaeval Sculpture of Kasmir Marg 8(2): 67-74.

Sharma, B.N.

1979 Sculptures and Bronzes from Kashmir in the National MuseumNew Delhi

East and West.29(1-4 ):131-137.

Singh, A. K.

1985 Trans-Himalayan wall paintings: 10th to 13th century AD. Delhi.Agam

Kala Prakashan.

Jeratha, A.S.

1983 Folk art of Duggar. New Delhi Atlantic Publishers & Distributors

Khosa, S.

1984 Art history of Kashmir and Ladakh, medieval period. New Delhi Sagar

Publications.

Malla, Bansi Lal.

1990 Sculptures of Kashmir, 600-1200 AD. Delhi Agam Kala Prakashan

Malla, Bansi Lal.

1996 Vaisnava art and iconography of Kashmir.New Delhi Abhinav Publications.

Pandeya, U.A.

1992 Saivaite sculptures of Kashmir, a historical approach Jaipur Publication

Scheme.

Adamova, A. & T.Grek.

1976 Miniatiury kashmirskikh rukopisei = Miniatures from Kashmirian

manuscripts Leningrad.

Pal, Pratabaditya.

1989 Art and architecture of ancient Kashmir. Bombay Marg Publications

Pal, Pratabaditya.

1975 Bronzes of KashmirGraz. Austria Akademische Druck- u Verlagsanstalt

Pal, Pratabaditya.

2006 Kashmir and Central Asian Art.

8. Architecture

Nicholls,W. H.

1906 Report of the Mughal Gardens at Srinagar, Shalimar Bagh, Atthibal and

Chashma ShahiAllahabad

Nicholls, W. H.

Muhammadan Architecture in KashmirArchaeological Survey of India: Annual

Reports, 1906-07.161-70.

Sahni,D. R.

1915 Pre-Muhammadan Monuments of KashmirArchaeological Survey of India:

Annual Reports, 1915.1649-78.

Hermann, Goetz.

1953 The Sun Temple of Mārtānd and the Art of Lalitāditya-Muktāpida Indian Art

and Letters. 271-11.

Wescoat .James L; eds.Jr and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn.

1996 Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and ProspectsWashington,

DC.

Marshall ,John .

1928 The Monuments of Muslim IndiaWolseley Haig, ed, The Cambridge History of

India III: Turks and Afghans.Cambridge568–663.

Kak, R. C.

1933 Ancient monuments of Kashmir / by Ram Chandra Kak ; with a foreword by

Francis Younghusband ; and an introduction A FoucherThe India Society

Other Editions: New Delhi,, Sagar Publications Mirpur, Kashmir, Verinag

Publishers.

Kak, R.C.

1926 Outline history of a guide to Kashmir monumentsJournal of Indian

History.14:1-19.

Kaul, Ikbal.

1954 Ancient Monuments Kashmir. 4 (2) Feb,23-25.

Kaul, M.

1971 Kashmir: Hindu, Buddhist & Muslim architecture.Sagar Publications.New

Delhi.

M A Beigh, A. M. Mattoo.

Kashmir Architecture From 14th-17th Centuries AD.

Oliver, Paul,

1997 Encyclopedia of vernacular architecture of world: Kashmir and West

Himalayas. -NA-208.E.53. 2: 919-1005.

Percy Brown

1956 Indian Architecture (Islamic Period) Chap 15, Kashmir 80-

83.D.B.Taraporevala.Bombey. Reprint. Bombay, 1981.

Mushtaq A Kaw & Aijaz A Bandey

Documenting and Preserving Rich Historic-Religious Structures in

J&K.Project.Source: http://www.kashmiruniversity.net/download/ProfileCCAS.pdf.

Agrawal, Ramesh. C.

1998 Kashmir and Its Monumental Glory.New Delhi

Sodhi, S. Luckvinder Singh.

2011 Monuments and temples of Jammu Kashmir & Ladakh Delhi Gulshan Books.

http://www.kashmiruniversity.net/download/ProfileCCAS.pdf

http://worldcat.org/oclc/767105577

Shaini, Daya Ram.

1918 Pre Muhammadan Monuments of KashmirArchaeological Survey of

IndiaAnnual Review (1915-1916).Calcutta.49-78.

Nicholls ,W. H.

1906 Report of the Mughal Gardens at Srinagar, Shalimar Bagh, Atthibal and

Chashma ShahiAllahabad.

9. Crafts

Abdul Ahad& Dr A. M. Mattoo.

1981 Origin and Development of the Shawl Industry in Kashmir.

Ames, F.

1988 The Kashmir shawl and its Indo-French influence Woodbridge. Suffolk, Antique

Collectors' Club

Drummond, S. B.

1991 Angora goats: the northern way: with chapters on Cashmere goats.

Irwin, J.

1955 Shawls; a study in Indo-European influences. London HM Stationery

Office.Victoria & Albert Museum.

Irwin, J.

1973 The kashmir shawl. London. HM Stationery Office.Victoria and Albert Museum.

Jaitly, J & K. Sahai.

1990 Crafts of Kashmir, Jammu, and Ladakh. New York. Abbeville Press.

King, M.

1921 Cashmere shawls.Cincinnati Cincinnati Museum.

Rifat Ara & Maqbool Ahmad.

1982 Papier Machie: History andTechniques of the Craft.

Sanyal, S.

1979 The boats and the boatmen of Kashmir.

Jaffer, Amin.

2007 The Art of Kar-i-qalamdani: painted and varnished wares from Kashmir.

Orientations Magazine, 38 (7): 73-76 Hong Kong.

10. History

Rafiqi, Abdul Qaiyum.

History of Kashmir (Tarikh-i-Kashmir of Saiyad Ali) Translation

withHistorical Analysis.

Akhtar Mohi-ud-din.

1981 A Fresh Approach to the Study of Kashmir: The Ancient

Period.Unpublished.

Fauq.Mohammed Din& Akhtar, Bashir.

1984 TwarikheAqvame Kashmir (History of Kashmiri people).

Alberuni. Eds: Elliot, H. M. (Henry Miers), Sir; John Dowson.

1871 Táríkhu-l Hind of Bírúní (Kitab-ul-Hind, Kitab ta'rikh al-Hind Finished in

1030 A.D.). The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The

Muhammadan Period (Vol 2.). London : Trübner & Co.

Bamzai, P. N. K.

1994 Culture And Political History Of Kashmir. MD Publications 3 Vols Set.

Bamzai, P. N. K.

1962 A history of Kashmir; political, social, cultural, from the earliest times to the

present day. Metropolitan Book Co. Delhi. Reprint.1973.

Bamzai, P. N. K.

1973 Jammu and Kashmir. Publications Division Ministry of Information and

Broadcasting Govt of India. New Delhi.

Bamzai, P. N. K.

1980 Kashmir and Central Asia. Light & Life Publishers. New Delhi.

Bamzai, P. N. K.

1987 Socio-economic history of Kashmir, 1846-1925.Metropolitan Book Co. New

Delhi.

Bamzai, P.N.K.

1962 The History of Kashmir. Metropolitan Book Company. Delhi. Reprint 1973.

Banihali, Marghub.

1984 Bagi sulaiman (The garden of Sulaiman) son adab.79-94.

Basham, A L.

1948 Harṣa of Kashmir and the Iconoclast Ascetics.BSOAS 12(3-4):688-691.

Bhat, Ghulam Rasool.

1984 Tarikhi Syed Ali (History written by Syed Ali) Son adab. 54-63

Chadurah, H. M & Raja Bano.

1991 History of Kashmir. Bhavna Prakashan.Delhi.

Charak, S. D. S.

1980 Jammu Kingdom. Light & Life Publishers.New Delhi.

Charak, S D S.

1985 A short history of Jammu Raj: from earliest times to 1846 AD. Jammu Ajaya

Prakashan.Pathankot,

Chhabra, G. S; S. D. S. Charak, et al.

1986 Jammu &Kashmir: aspects of socio-political history. Sandeep Lal for

Archives Publishers Distributors.New Delhi.

Dar, G. M.

1992 Social and religious conditions on the eve of spread of Islam in Kashmir

Gulshan Publishers.Srinagar.

Dhar, D. N.

1989 Socio-economic history of Kashmir peasantry. Centre for Kashmir

Studies.Srinagar.

Drabu, V. N.

1986 Kashmir polity, c 600-1200 AD. Bahri Publications.New Delhi.

Drabu, V. N.

1990 Saivagamas : a study in the socio-economic ideas and institutions of Kashmir

(200 BC to AD 700) New Delhi Indus Pub Co

Fauq, Muhammad Deen.

1944 Tarikh-i Bad Shahi. Lahore.


1984 Shabab-i Kashmir. Gulshan Pablisharz.Srinagar.


1991 Mukammal tarikh-i Kashmir. Verinag Pablisharz.Mirpur, Azad Kashmir.


1991 Tarikh-i aqvam-i Punch. Veri Nag Pablisharz.Mirpur, Azad Kashmir.

Fazili, M. A.

1983 Hassan, Kashmir historiographer. Gulshan Publishers.Srinagar.

Ferguson, J. P.

1961 Kashmir, an historical introduction. Centaur Press.London.

Hassnain,FM.

Kashmir Legacy Historical and Cultural.

Bhat,G. R.

1994 Tarikh-i-Kashmir of Sayyid Ali.

Jan,G. R.

2006 Tohfat-ul-Ahbab, Vol.1.

Shah, G.M; Shamus-ud-Din & G. M. Margoob.

1981 Critical Edition of Manqabat-ul-Jawahar of Mulla Haider Badakhshi.

Jan,G.R.

Editing and Translation of Tuhfatul-Ahbab Vol 2.

Badehra, Ganes Das., Anita K. Billawaria, G. D. Badchra, Sukhdev Singh

1991 Rajdarshani: a Persian history of north-western India from earliest times to

AD 1847. Jay Kay Book House.Jammu, Tawi.

Ganeshi Lal, L & V. S. Suri.

1955 Siyahat-i-Kashmir - Kashmir nama: or, Tarikh-i Kashmir: being an account

of a journey to Kashmir, March-June 1846. Controller of Printing and

Stationery.Simla.

Gauhar, G N.

1988 Sheikh Noor-ud-din Wali (Nund Rishi). Sahitya Akademi.New Delhi.

Geiger, R.

1970 Die Kaschmirfrage im Lichte des Völkerrechts BerlinDuncker u Humblot.

Goetz, Hermann.

1924 Die Stellung der indischen Chroniken im Rahmen der indischen Geschichte

Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Buddhismus 11 München-Neubiberg

Goetz, Hermann.

1928 Eine indische Königstragödie.ZDMG. 82: 207–216.

Goetz, Hermann.

1969 Studies in the History and Art of Kashmir and the Indian Himalaya

Schriftenreihe des Südasien-Instituts der Universität Heidelberg 4

Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz.

Majeed, Gulshan.

2009 Mirza Haider Dughlati: His Life and Works.

Hardy, P.

1960 Review of Mohibbul Hasan.BSOAS 23(2): 406-407.1 ed.1959.

Hasan, Mohibbul.

1959 Kashmir under the Sultans. Calcutta Iran Society.Aakar

Books.Reprint.2002.Srinagar.

Hasan, Mohibbul.

1983 Historians of medieval India. Meenakshi Prakashan.

Hassnain,F.M.

2002 Historic Kashmir.

Ahmad, Iqbal.

Ancient Greeks in Kashmir.

Kamal-ud-Din Mirza.

http://books.google.com/books?id=gxluAAAAMAAJ

Khulasa-tul-Twareekh. Source: http://jkpubliclibraries.nic.in/Titles%20approved%20by%20SLACPC.pdf

Kapoor, M.L.

1980 History of Jammu and Kashmir state.Vol.1.

Kapur, M. L.

1971 A history of medieval Kashmir, 1320-1586 AD.ARB Publications.Jammu.

Kapur, M. L.

1975 Eminent rulers of ancient Kashmir: a detailed history of the life and rule of

ten kings and queens of ancient Kashmir. Oriental Publishers &

Distributors.Delhi.

Kapur, M. L.

1976 Studies in history and culture of Kashmir.Trikuta Publishers.Jammu.

Kapur, M. L.

1980 History of Jammu and Kashmir State. Kashmir History Publications. Jammu.

Kapur, M. L.

1983 Kingdom of Kashmir: political & cultural history of Kashmir from the

earliest times to 1586 AD. Kashmir History Publications.Jammu.

Kapur, M. L.

1992 The history and culture of Kashmir. Anmol Publications.New Delhi.

Kaul, G. L.

1954 Kashmir through the ages (5000 BC to 1954 AD) a historical survey.ABIA,

20: 562.Chronicle Pub House.Srinagar.

Kaul, G. L.

1969 A six millennium review of Kashmir; describing physical, political, social,

cultural, economic & religious upheavals. Chronicle Pub House.Srinagar.

Khastah, H. K.

1877 Tarikh-i Kashmir.

Khuihami, G. H.

1954 Tarikh-i Hasan. Research and Publication Department Jummu and Kashmir

Government.Srinagar.

http://jkpubliclibraries.nic.in/Titles%20approved%20by%20SLACPC.pdf

Krishna, M.

1981 Early medieval history of Kashmir: with special reference to the Loharas,

AD 1003-1171. Meharchand Lachhmandas Publications.New Delhi.

Marquart, J.

Life and Works of Mirza Hyder Doughlati. In collaboration with Ch Ch

Valikhanov Institute of History & Ethnology, Kazakhstan

1903 Zur älteren Chronologie von Kaśmīr Album Kern Leiden:341-348.

Farishta, Moḥammad Qāsem. tr John Briggs.

1966 History of the Rise of the Mohamedan Power in India till the Year AD 1612.

Calcutta. 4 vols.

Farishta, Moḥammad- Qāsem Ferešta

1864 Golšan-e ebrāhimi, known asTāriḵ-e Ferešta Lucknow.2 vols.1: 266-67; 2:

333-73.

Naudou, J.

1963 L’autorité royale au Kaśmir medieval. JA (2): 217–227.

Nur-al-din Moḥammad Jahāngir. tr Alexander Rogers ed. Henry Beveridge.

1968 The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri: Memoirs of Jahangir.Delhi.

Nur-al-din Moḥammad Jahāngir ed Moḥammad Hāšem.

1980 Jahāngir-nāma: Tuzoke Jahāngiri. Tehran.

Bamzai,P. N. K.

Culture And Political History Of Kashmir. 3 Vols.

Pandit, K. N.

1991 Baharistan-i-shahi: a chronicle of mediaeval Kashmir. Firma KLM.Calcutta.

Pandit, Mohammad Amin.

1984 Review of vakivati Kashmir.son adab. 71-78.

Parmu, R K.

1969 A history of Muslim rule in Kashmir, 1320-1819. Delhi People's Pub House.

Rafiqi, Mohammad Amin.

1984 Review of tarikh-i- Haidar Malik (History of Haider Malik).sonadab.64-70.

http://www.google.com.pk/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22P.+N.+K+Bamzai%22

Rai, Mridu.

2004 Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir.

Princeton University Press.

Raina, B. N. A.

1873 Gulzar-i Kashmir. Lahore Matba'-i Mattar Blas.

Bano, Raja& S Maqbool.

1984 Edition, Translation and Critical Evaluation of the History of Kashmir by

Haider Malik.

Bano, Raja.

1993 Ahwal-i-Mulki Ladakh (1841): An Anonymous Manuscript.

Bano, Raja.

Edition and Translation of an Anonymous Manuscript on ―Paper Making.

Bano, Raja.

1991 History of Kashmir by Haider Malik Chadurah.

Saqi, Moti Lal.

1988 A collection of critical essays related to History of Kashmir with special

reference to Chinese, Greek, Budhist, Mahabharat and Puran, Ibroni,

Kalhan, Stein & Kashmir etc.

Sharma, Suresh K And Sharma, Usha.

1989 Kashmir through the Ages. Delhi Deep and Deep Publications.

Slaje, Walter.

2006 Kaschmir im Mittelalter und die Quellen der Geschichtswissenschaft Essay

mit Anmerkungen. IIJ 48, 1 (2005): 1-70. [Erschienen 2006].

Slaje, Walter.

2004 Medieval Kashmir and the Science of History. The University of Texas at

Austin, Madden Lecture.2003-2004 Austin.

Slaje, Walter Ed by Arlo Griffiths and Annette Schmiedchen.

2007 Three Bhaṭṭas, Two Sulṭāns, and the Kashmirian Atharvaveda In: The

http://press.princeton.edu/titles/7637.html

Atharvaveda and its Paippalādaśākhā Geisteskultur Indiens Texte und

Studien.11: 329-353.

Sreedharan, E.

2004 A Textbook of Historiography: 500 BC to AD 2000. Orient Blackswan.

Sufi, G. M. D.

1948

Kashmir, being a history of Kashmir from the earliest times to our

own.Lahore. Univ of the Panjab.Vol.1&2. Reprint 1974.Light and Life

Publishers vol I and II.New Delhi.

Sufi, G. M. D.

1979 Islamic culture in Kashmir. Light & Life Publishers.New Delhi.

Wakefield, W.

1975 History of Kashmir & the Kashmiris: the happy valley. Seema

Publications.Delhi.

Wani, Nizam-Ud-Din.

1987 Muslim rule in Kashmir, 1554 AD-1586 AD. Jay Kay Book House.Jammu,

Tawi.

11. Culture and cultural History

Charak, Sukhdev Singh.

1980 History and culture of Himalyan states.vol 5.

Deambi, Kaul, B.K.

1985 History and culture of Ancient Gandhara and Western Himalayas.

Ariana Publishing House. New Delhi.

Dhar, K. N.

1975 Glimpses of Kashmiri culture. Shri Parmananda Research Institute Srinagar.

Dhar, S.

1977 Jammu and Kashmir. National Book Trust India. New Delhi.Reprints. ,

1991, 1982.

Dilshada, Shamsi.

1992 Carpets of Central Asia and Kashmir: History & Influence.

http://books.google.com/books?id=jJVoi3PIejwC&pg=PA330

http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/UsedBooks/contributor/Author/Nizam-Ud-Din-Wani

Goetz, H.

1969 Studies in the history and art of Kashmir and the

IndianHimalaya.Harrassowitz Wiesbaden.

Hassnain, F. M.

1980 Heritage of Kashmir. Gulshan Publishers. Srinagar.

Hassnain, F. M.

1992 A cultural history of Kashmir & Kishtawar. Rima Pub House. New Delhi.

HassnainF.M.

1992 Cultural history of Kishtwar.

Mandal, B. C.

1991 Srikanthacarita, a mahakavya of Mankhaka: literary study with an analysis

of social, political, and historical data of Kashmir of the 12th century AD.

Sanskrit Pustak Bhandar. Calcutta.

Qadri, A.(ed).

1997 Cultural Heritage of Kashmir. University of Kashmir. Srinagar.

Rabbani, G. M.

1981 Ancient Kashmir: a historical perspective. Gulshan Publishers. Srinagar.

Rabbani, G. M.

1986 Kashmir, social and cultural history. Anmol Publications. Delhi.

Ray, S. C.

1970 Early history and culture of Kashmir With a foreword by KM Panikkar.

Munshiram Manoharlal. Calcutta.First Ed.1957. New Delhi.

Sadhu, SL.

1984 Review of Rajatangini by Shreevar.sonadab 32-53.

Sethna, M J.

1982 The beauty that is Kashmir. Lakham Book Depot. Girgaon.

Sultanpuri, Mashal.

(History of Kashmir: A briefcritical review) تبرید کشویز کب هرتظز تمیسی خبئش 1984

son adab 137-50.

Sunil Chandra Ray.

1958 Early History and Culture of Kashmir.P.190-205. Calcutta.

Suraj, Saraf.

Jammu Heritage.

12.Religions

Ray.S. C.

1970 Early History and Culture of Kashmir.New Delhi.

Ray, SC.

1955 Studies on the History of Religion in Ancient Kasmira.Journal of Bihar Research

Society.41 (2):P.168-199.

Hauer, J. W.

1927 Beiträge zur indischen Sprachwissenschaft und Religionsgeschichte. W

Kohlhammer Stuttgart.

Majeed, Gulshan.

1996 The Frove: A Connecting Link between Zoroastrianism and Kashmir.The Journal

ofCentral Asian Studies. 7(1). Srinagar.CCAS. 61-6. UK.

Shashibhushan, Dasgupta.

1976 ObscureReligious Cults. 65–70. Calcutta.

13. Buddhism

Jean, Nauduu.

1980 Buddhists of Kashmir.Delhi.

Advaita, Vadini Koul&BK Deambi.

Kashmir’s Contribution toBuddhism in Central Asia.

Advaita, Vadini Koul, B K Deambi &Mahesh Tiwari.

1983 Buddhist Savants of Kashmir: Their Contribution to Buddhist Literature and

Spread of Buddhism Abroad.

Tripathi,C. B.

1982 Buddhism in Central Asia.

Tripathi,C. B.

1982 Gilgit Manuscripts.

Dutt, N.

1939 Gilgit manuscripts. Srinagar.

Dutt, N.

1985 Buddhism in Kashmir. Eastern Book Linkers. Delhi.

Dutt, N. and Sarma, S. N. Edited by Nalinaksha Dutt with the assistance of Shiv Nath Shastri.

1942 Gilgit manuscripts. Srinagar

Fussman, Gérard.

1978 Inscriptions de Gilgit.Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. 65:1-64.

Ganahar, J.N.

1987 Kširihndbodh (Budhists of Kashmir) son adab: 122-27.

Ganhar, J.N.& Ganhar,P.N.

1956 Buddhism in Kashmir and Ladakh. New Delhi.

Gérard Fussman Oskar von Hinüber.

1984 A new fragmentary Gilgit manuscript of the Saddharmapundarïkasütra Bulletin de

l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient.73 (1):384-385.

Hackin, Joseph.

1931 Les manuscrits découverts près de Gilgit Comptes-rendus des séances de

l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.75 (3):276-277.

Hassnain,F.M.

1973 Buddhist Kashmir.

Kaul, A.

1987 Buddhist savants of Kashmir: their contributions abroad. Utpal Publications.

Srinagar.

Khosla, S.

1972 History of Buddhism in Kashmir. Sagar Publications. New Delhi.

Ksemendra and Sharada,R.

1977 Buddhist tales of Kashmir in Tibetan woodcuts. New Delhi.

Majboor, Arjan Dev tahqeeq.

1999

Essay related to Kanshak , History and Culure of Himalyan States, History of

Kashmir, Kashmir of Buddha and Hindu Period, Kashmiri folk songs, etc.

Shiotani, Maqsooda.

KumaraJiva –The Kashmiri Buddhist Scholar Life and legends, beyond

Kashmir.Center ofCentral Asian Studies, Kashmir University.Srinagar.

Naudou, J. (Nguyen Van Phong Joseph Naudou Jean).

1968-

1970

Les bouddhistes kasmiriens au Moyen Age Archives des sciences sociales des

religions.29 (1):228.Aires de France Presses university.Paris.

Naudou, J.

1980 Buddhists of Kašmir. Agam Kala Prakashan. Delhi.

Scherrer, Schaub. Cristina. Anna.

1987 Un manuscrit tibétain des Pratītyasamutpādahrdayakārikā de NāgārjunaCahiers

d'Extrême-Asie.3:103-112.

Bentor, Yael.

The Redactions of theAdbhutadharmaparydya from Gilgit.JIABS. 2(2):21-52.

14. Hinduism

Sanderson, Alexis.

1985 Purity and Power among the Brāhmans of Kashmir, in The Category of the

Person: Anthropology, Philosophy, History. Cambridge University Press 190-

216.

Sanderson, Alexis&Padoux, André.

1986 Mandala and Āgamic Identity in the Trika of KashmirMantras et Diagrammes

Rituelles dans l'Hindouisme L'hindouisme: textes, doctrines, pratiques

Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParis.249:169-214.

Sanderson, Alexis.

1987 Trika ŚaivismThe Encyclopedia of Religion Macmillan Publishing Company

New York.13:15-16.

Sanderson, Alexis.

1987 Śaivism in Kashmir The Encyclopedia of Religion Macmillan

PublishingCompany New York 13:16-17.

Sanderson, Alexis.

2000 The Sarvāstivāda and its Critics: Anātmavāda and the Theory of

Karma.Buddhism International Conference Proceedings, Bangkok and Los

Angeles, Dhammakāya Foundation (1995). 33-48.

Sanderson, Alexis.

2007 The Śaiva Exegesis of KashmirMélanges tantriques à la mémoire d'Hélène

Brunner École française d'Extrême-Orient, Collection Indologie

Dominic Goodall and André Padoux, Pondicherry: Institut français d'Indologie

231-442.

Sanderson, Alexis.

2009 The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early

Medieval Period, in Genesis and Development of TantrismInstitute of Oriental

Culture, University of Tokyo Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series.23:41-

350. Tokyo.

Sanderson, Alexis.

2009 Kashmir (Regions, Pilgrimage, Deities) Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism,

volume 1. Knut A Jacobsen, Brill Leiden and Boston.

Sanderson, Alexis.

Kashmir (Regions, Pilgrimage, Deities) Dbuch der Orientalistik Zweite

Abteilung, Indien 99-126 vol 22

Saraswati,A. P.,Deambi,B. K.&Tripathy,K. N.

1982 Concept of Supreme Self in Advaita Vedanta and Kashmir Shaivism.

Chatterji, J. C.

1962 Kashmir Shaivaism.Research and Publication Dept Govt of Jammu and

Kashmir. Srinagar.

Flood, G. D.

1993 Body and cosmology in Kashmir Saivism.Mellen ResearchUniversity Press.

San Francisco.

Hassnain, F. M.

1977 Hindu Kashmir. Light & Life Publishers. New Delhi.

Hassnain, F. M.

1995 Bhaisaiva-Guru Sutra.

Isaeva, N. V.

1995 From early Vedanta to Kashmir Shaivism: Gaudapada, Bhartrhari, and

Abhinavagupta. AlbanyState University of New York Press.New York.

Kalla, Badri Nath.

1980-81 Kashmir shaivmat (Kashmiri Shaivism)Hamara adab, JKAACL.

Mayer-König, B.

1996 Die Gleichheit in der Unterschiedenheit: eine Lehre des monistischen

Sivaismus, untersucht anhand des fünften Kapitels der Sivarsti des Somananda

Ntha.Frankfurt.

Pandita, Balajinnatha.

1977 Aspects of Kashmir Saivism. Utpal Publication. Srinagar.


1989 History of Kashmir Saivism.Utpal Publications. Srinagar.


1997 Specific principles of Kashmir Saivism.MunshiramManoharlal Publishers.

New Delhi

Rudrappa, J.

1969 Kashmir Saivism. University of Mysore. Prasaranga. Mysore.

Saqi, Moti. Lal.

1987 Veds, Mahabharat, Purans and Kashmir. (Kashmiri).son adab. 92-105.

Schrader, F. O&Stuttgart, W. Kohlhammer.

1930 The Kashmir recension of the Bhagavadgita.

15. Islam

Basher, Bashir.&Banihali,G.M.

Shaikh Hamza Makhdom Proponder of Sahrawardiyyah Sufi Order in Kashmir

With Special Reference to Dastur al-Salikin of Baba Dahud.

Khaki

1982 Kashmir men Islam ki ishaat.Center for Kashmir Studies. Srinagar.

Khan, Mohammad Ishaq.

2011 Sufis of Kashmir. Gulshan Books .Srinagar.

Khan, M. I.

1994 Kashmir's transition to Islam: the role of Muslim rishis, fifteenth to eighteenth

century. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. New Delhi.

Nazik, Rashid.

1979 The Rishi cult and our Rishis. (Kashmiri language) University of

Kashmir.Srinagar.

Peerzada, Abdul Khalik Thari.

Sarkhaial-i-Rashyani-Kashmir.

Rafiqi, A. Q.

1972 Sufism in Kashmir, from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century. Bharatiya Pub

House. Varanasi.

Saqi,M L.

1986 Ziarat Baba Zain-al Din.inEncyclopaedia Kashmiriana, Srinagar: J & K

Academy of Art, Culture and Languages.

16. Historical Geography

Ahmad, S. M.&Raja Bano.

1984 Historical geography of Kashmir: based on Arabic and Persian sources from AD

800 to 1900 Ariana Pub House. New Delhi.

Bahadur, K. P.

1977 Caste, tribes & culture of India: Assam.Ess Ess Publications. Delhi.

Buth, G. M.

1986 Central Asia and western Himalaya: a forgotten link. University of Kashmir

Dept of Botany. Scientific Publishers. Jodhpur.

Cunningham, A.

1990 The ancient geography of Kashmir (Reprint). Pak Kashmir Publications. Jhelum.

Jettmar, K., Thewalt.V. et al.

1985 Zwischen Gandhara und den Seidenstrassen: Felsbilder am Karakorum

Highway: Entdeckungen deutsch-pakistanischer Expeditionen, 1979-1984. Mainz

am Rhein, Philipp.vonZabern.

Khajuriya?

1985 Bhrngisasamhita: Topography of ancient Kashmir.

JammuSriranavirakendriyasamskrtavidyapitham.Jammu.

Khan, M. I.

1978 History of Srinagar, 1846-1947: a study in socio-cultural change.

AamirPublications Srinagar.

Bano,Raja.&Ahmad, S. M.

1982 A Critical Evaluation of the Geography of Kashmir as Described in Tarikh-i-

Hasan.

Ahmad, S. M.& Raja Bano.

1984 Historical Geography of Kashmir.

Stein, M. A.

1899 Memoir on Maps Illustrating the Ancient Geography of Kaśmīr. Calcutta.

Stein, M. A.

1895 Notes on the Ancient Topography of the Pīr Pantsāl Route.JASB.

Stein, M. A.

1896 Zur alten Topographie des Pīr PantsālGurupūjākaumudī Festgabe Albrecht

Weber dargebracht Leipzig.

Utpal, Kou.l &Deambi,B. K.

1983 Ancient India and Sinkiang Historical, Cultural & CommercialValentine.

Nasaru, Wahid.

Kathasaritsagar as a Source of Information on Kashmir’s Relations with Central

Asia and Adjoining Areas.

Stein,M. A.

1896 Notes on the Ou-Kong’s Account of Kashmir, Proceedings of the Imperial

Academy, Vienna. Vol.135.

Yuwan Chwang. Ed: Davids. T. W.R.

1904 On Yuwan Chwang’s Travels in India, vol.l. London.

Walter.R. Lawrence.

1895 The Valley of Kashmir.London.Oxford.

17. Geology

Agrawal D.P., S. Kusumgar, and R.V.Krishnamurthy.

1980 Studies on the Loessic Deposits of the Kashmir Valley and 14-C dating.

Radiocarbon, 22 (3): 757–762.

Agrawal D.P., R.V.Krishnamurthy, S.Kusumgar, C.R.K. Murthy and V.Nautiyal.

1981 Chronostratigraphy and Neogene Quaternary Boundary in Kashmir Valley.

Field Conference, Neogene-Quaternary Boundary Proceedings (Eds.

M.V.A. Sastry et al.), pp. 5–8.

Agrawal D.P.

1982 The Kashmir Karewas – A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Man &

Environment. 6: 1–4.

Agrawal D.P. and A.B.Vora.

1984 New Pollen Data from the Kashmir Bog. R. Dodia. The Evolution of the

East Asian Environment.2:569–578.

Agrawal D.P., S. Kusumgar, and B.S. Kotlia.

1985 Magnetostratigraphy of the Karewas of the Kashmir Valley.Climate and

Geology of Kashmir: The Last Four Million Years.Today and Tomorrows

Printers and Publishers, New Delhi

Agrawal D.P., S. Kusumgar, B.S. Kotlia, and A. Sahni

1985 Magnetostratigraphy of the Karewa Ossiferous Horizons From the Kashmir

Valley, India. In Climate and Geology of Kashmir: The Last Four Million

Years.Today and Tomorrows Printers and Publishersi.27–28. New Delh

Agrawal D.P., S. Kusumgar and N.Bhandari.

1985 Fission track ages of the Romushi Lower Karewas, Kashmir. In Climate

and Geology of Kashmir and Central Asia: The Last Four Million Years,

(eds.) D.P. Agrawal, S. Kusumgar and R.V. Krishnamurthy, Today &

Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers. 245–247. New Delhi

Agrawal D.P., S. Kusumgar, B.S. Kotlia, A. Sahni

1986 Biochronology of the Vertebrates from Kashmir Valley, India.

L'Anthropologie.90 (2): 151–161.

Agrawal D.P., R. Dodia, B.S. Kotlia, H. Razdan, A. Sahni.

1989 The Plio-Pleistocene geologic and climatic, record of the Kashmir Valley.

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology.73: 266–286.

Agrawal D.P., H.M. Rendell, R.A.M. Gardner, and N. Juyal.

1989 N.F., Chronology and stratigraphy of Kashmir loess. Z.Geomorph. Suppl.

Bd. 76: 213–223.

Agrawal, D.P. and R.Dodia.

1991 Kashmir – a key to the past climate. In Kashmir – Ecology and

Enivironment. 25–37. Mittal Publications. New Delhi:

Agrawal, D.P., R.D. Deshpande, S.Kusumgar and C.Sharma.

1991 Palaeoclimatic evidence from the Kashmir Karewas. Presented at the

INQUA Sympoisim 4-8, Beijing. 52.

Agrawal, D.P., Kusumgar, Sheela, N.Bhandri, R.D. Deshpande, A.Raina, C. Sharma and

M.G. Yadava.

1992 Lake sediments from the Kashmir Himalayas: Inverted 14C Chronology

and its implications. Radiocarbon.34 (3): 561–565.

Dodonov.

1982 LoessFormations in Kashmir and China.

Dar, G. M. &T. A. Kanth.

1994 Geomorphology of the Suru Valley.

Geological Survey of India

1974 Geology and mineral resources of the States of India. Controller of

Publications. Delhi.

Gupta, V. J.

1983 Stratigraphy and structure of Kashmir and Ladakh Himalaya. Hindustan Pub

Corp. Delhi.

1974 International Colloquium on the Geotectonics of the Kashmir Himalaya

Karakorum-Hindu Kush-Pamir. Orogenic Belts Roma, Accademia nazionale

dei Lincei Rome.

Jain, D. V. S.

1988 Palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental changes in Asia during the last 4

million years.Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the Physical

Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, India. 15-21 December 1986.

Indian National Science Academy. New Delhi.

Kapoor, H.M.

1979 Gondwana of Kashmir; A ReappraisalForth international Gondwana

Symposium, Calcutta, India, 1977.2:443-462.Hindustan Publishing

Corporation. Delhi.

Kaul, M.N.

1982 Fluvial and Glacial Geomorphology of the Wangat basin (Sind River), Kashmir

Valley.M Phil Dissertation, University of Kashmir. 1-103. Srinagar.

Kaul, M.N.

1986 Mass Balance of Lidder Glaciers.Inst Indian Geographers.8:95-112.

Kaul, M.N.

1988 Lichenometric dating of Holocene Moraines in Kashmir Valley. National

Accademy of Sciences, India, 58th

Annual Session. 57-58.

Macfarlane, A.,Sorkhabi R. B., et al.

1999 Himalaya and Tibet: mountain roots to mountain tops. Boulder, Co Geological

Society of America.

Pithawalla, M. B.

1953 An introduction to Kashmir; its geology and geography.Oxford University

Press. Pakistan.

Terra, H.D.

1935 Geological studies in the northwest Himalaya between the Kashmir and Indus

Valleys.Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. New Haven.

Verchère A.M.

1866-67 On the geology of Kashmir, the Western Himalaya and Afghan mountains With

a note on the fossils by Edouard de Verneuil.London.

18. Geography

Arora, R. C.

1938 Kashmir, the land of celestial charms, with its places of interest, routes, walks,

and exhaustive information for the guidance of visitors to the happy Vale of

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Western Tibet, Gilgit and the adjoining countries.Longmans Green

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1877 A Trip to Cashmere & Ladak. Hugh Gurney Barclay.London.

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1937 Forbidden journey: from Peking to Kashmir. W Heinemann. London.

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1887 1826-1902, Journals Kept In Hyderabad, Kashmir, Sikkim, & Nepal, 3vols.

Torrens, Henry D'Oyley.

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1850 Kashmir in the olden time.The Calcutta Review. 14:209-220.

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the life, habits and humour of its inhabitants, and an account of the gradual

but steady rebuilding of a once downtrodden people With an introd by LC

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Utpaladeva's Shivastotravali.Albany: State University of New York Press.

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1842 Travels in Kashmir, Ladak, Iskardo, the countries adj the mountain-course

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The History of Unknown Poets of Kashmir Language.unpublished.

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History of Place Names of Kashmir.Unpublished.

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Central Asian Folklore depicted in Kashmiri Literature.

Afaq Aziz; A. M.Khan & Shafi Shauq.

1994 A Comparative Study of Various Languages of Dard Group with Special

Refrence to Kashmiri, Kohistani and Shina.

Aziz, Afaq.

Central Place Names in Kashmiri Literature.

Aziz, Afaq.

Common Vocabularies of Pashto & Kashmiri Language: AnInvestigation

(submitted in March 2003, This work will be the part of a special;

publication on Afghanistan to be published by the CCAS, University of

Kashmiri)

Aziz, Afaq.

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1998 The Origin of Kashmiri Nagas.Greater Kashmir.

Aziz, Afaq.

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Times.

Aziz, Afaq.

1998 Early People of India.Kashmir Times& Greater Kashmir.

Bahadur, K. P.

1977 Caste, tribes & culture of India.Vol7. Ess Ess Publications.

Bernhard, W.

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G Fischer.New York.

Bharadwaj, A. N.

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Bhat, Nur Mohammad.

1979-80 Kashmiri mausiqi (Kashmiri music) Hamara adab. JKAACL.

Bhatt, S. (ed)& Ja i a Kaula.

1995 Kashmiri Pandits, a cultural heritage New Delhi, Lancer Books.

Bhowmik, D. C.

1988 All India anthropometric survey, north zone: basic anthropometric data

Calcutta, Anthropological Survey of India.

Carus-Wilson, A.

1901 A woman's life for Kashmir: Irene Petrie, a biography. Fleming H Revell

company.Chicago.

Rahi, Javaid.

2013 The Gujjar Tribe of Jammu and Kashmir.Gulshan Books. Srinagar.

Pandit, K. N.

1986 Ladakh, life & culture. Seminar on Life and Culture of Ladakh: Papers

Centre of Central Asian Studies, Kashmir University Srinagar.

Akbar, M.

Folk Medicine of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh.

Indu Bala Dhar; A. M. Mattoo & Samvit Koul.

1983 A Study of the Racial History and Affinity of Afghans of Gutli Bagh

Kashmir.

Hasnain F M. ed: K. N. Pandita.

1986 The Brokpa Darads of Dah, Hano and Garkun in Ladakh. Ladakh: Life

and Culture. 27–31. Srinagar.

Kalla, A. K.

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BR Pub Corp.

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1981 Jammun Kashmir ke Gujar.Gulshan Pablisharz. Srinagar.

Khatana, R. P.

1992 Tribal migration in Himalayan frontiers: study of Gujjar Bakarwal

transhumance economy Gurgaon. HaryanaVintage Books.

Nazki.M. Iqbal.

1988 Brokpas of Ladakh: An Ethnographic Study.

M Rather , M. I. Nazki

1993 Mons of Ladakh: An Ethnographic Study.

Bhat,M. Y. and A. M. Mattoo.

1984 An Anthropological Study of Kashmiri Gujjars their Racial Affinity,

Culture and Dermatoglyphics

Mir,N. A. & M. I. Nazki.

1995 Muslim Dards of Kargil: An Ethnographic Study

Rizvi, B. R.

1993 The Balti: a scheduled tribe of Jammu and Kashmir New Delhi, Gyan Pub

House

Sender, H. M.

1988 The Kashmiri Pandits: a study of cultural choice in north IndiaDelhi, New

York Oxford University Press

Wakhlu, Somnath.

2011 Kashmiri Pandits Culture & Historical Introduction

Bharadwaj,A. N.

1994 History and culture of Himalayan GujjarsStudy of a nomadic tribe,

currently scattered over the states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,

Jammu and Kashmir, and Punjab Jay Kay Book House

Taing, M. Y.

1978 Gujar aur Gujuri Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir Acadamyof art Culture

and Languages.

22. Folklore

Ahsan, Mohammad Ahsan.

1975-76 Satire in Kashmiri folk literature (Kashmiri) Hamara adab.JKAACL.

Akhtar, Bashir.

.Hamara adab, JKAACL (Songs of crops) فظلوں کے گیت 1975-76

Andrabi, Mohammad Ahmad.

.Hamara adab, JKAACL۔(Songs of festivals)تہواروں کے گیت 1975-76

Bashir, Bashar.

1982-83 Lok adab (Folk literature) Hamara adab, JKAACL.

Dhar, S.

1986 Jammu and Kashmir folkloreMarwah Publications New Delhi.

Dhar, S.

1992 Tales of Kashmir Anmol Publications New Delhi.

http://www.google.com.pk/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22A.+N.+Bharadwaj%22

Dulai, Narinder.

.Kashmiri folktales(Bahsha Academy. Patiala)کشویزی لوک کہبوتبں 1975

Knowles, J.H.

2001 Folktales of Kashmir. Reprint London.

Majid, Gulshan.

1997-1999 Aspects of Folklore with Special Reference to Kashmir.

Hajini, Mohi-ud-Din.

An outline of the Kashmiri folk)کشویزی سثبى کے ثزی لوک ازة کب ذبکہ 1975-76

literature in Prose) In Hamara adab, JKAACL.

Handoo, Jawaharlal.

1971 Kashmiri aur Hindi ke lokgeet ek tulanatmak adhyayan(The folksongs of

Kashmiri and Hindi.)Lok Sahitya.

Handoo, Lalita

1994 Structural Analysis of Kashmiri Folk Tales Mysore: Central Institute of

Indian Languages.

Haughton, H L

1913 Sport & folklore in the Himalaya. E. Arnold. London.

Kalla,K. L.

1966 Kashmir Heritage Folk Songs and Sharda LippiGulshan Books

Kalla, K. L.

1985 Some Supernatural Characteristics of Kashmiri Folklore The Literary

Heritage of Kashmir Mittal Publications Delhi 236-238

Knowles, J. H.

1888 Folk-tales of Kashmir.Trübner. London.

Knowles, James. Hinton.

1885 A dictionary of Kashmiri proverbs and sayings, explained and illustrated

from the rich and interesting folklore of the valley Education Society’s

Press.Bombay.


1887 Kashmiri riddles. Part 1.JRASB.56:125-154.


1893 London: Kegan Paul Trench, Trubner 1893. Reprinted New York: Arno

Press, 1977.Folk tales of Kashmir. Islamabad: National Institute of folk

Heritage, 1981.

Koul, Anand.

1933 Kashmiri Proverbs.Indian Antiquary.62:71-198.

Koul, Anand

1933 Kashmiri Riddles.Indian Antiquary.62:21-28.

Koul, Omkar. N.

1992 A Dictionary of Kashmiri Proverbs. Indian Institute of Language Studies.

Patiala.

Koul, R. K.

1982 Sociology of names and nicknames of India: with special reference to

Kashmir.Utpal Publications. Srinagar.

Lone, Ali Mohammad.

,Hamara adab(A study of Kashmiri folklore) کشویز کی لوک شبػزی ایک خبئش 1975-76

JKAACL.

Majeed, G.(ed).

1997 Aspects of Folklore: With Special Reference to Kashmir. Jammu &

KashmirCentre of Central Asian Studies, University of Kashmir.Srinagar.

Mayeda, N. &W. N. Brown.

1974 Tawi tales: folk tales from Jammu.American Oriental Society. New

Haven, Conn.and in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain

and Ireland. No. 2 (1977), pp. 222-224. Published by: Cambridge

University Press.

Nazir, Ghulam Nabi.(ed).

1975 Kashmiri folk songs۔(Urdu&Kashmiri).JKAACL. 6: 277.Srinagar.

Nazir, Ghulam Nabi.

۔(Kashmiri proverbs and their background) کشویزی کہبوتیں اور اى کب پض هظز 1975-76Hamara adab, JKAACL.

Nazir, Ghulam Nabi.

1988 Kashmiri sayings (Urdu&Kashmiri) J&K Academy of Art, Culture and

Languages. Srinagar.

Pardesi, Shyam Lal and Som Nath Sadhu (Compilers)۔

Kashmiri folk songs (Urdu &Kashmiri) JKAACL. Part 7.Srinagar.

Pompur, Rosul.

.Hamara adab, JKAACL (Folk literature and language) لوک ازة اور سثبى 1975-76

Pompur, Rosul.

.Hamara adab, JKAACL(Fairs and festivals) هیلے اور تہوار 1979-80

Premi, Brij.

A social background of Kashmiri) کشویزی کوک گیتوں کب طوبخی پض هظز 1975-76

folksongs) Hamara adab, JKAACL

Pushp, P.N. & George, KM (ed)

1984 Folk Literature: Kashmiri Comparative Indian Literature Kerala Sahitya

Akadmi and Macmillan Trivandrum.

Qalandar, Quasir.

.Hamara adab, JKAACL(Kashmiri music) هوطیمی 1980-81

Ratan, D. & A. K. Coomaraswamy, et al.

1913 Thirty songs from the Panjab and Kashmir.Published by autrhors.

London.

Chaudhury ,Bani .Roy,

1969 Folk tales of Kashmir. Sterling Publishers. Delhi.

Sadhu, S. L.

1962 Folk tales from Kashmir. Asia Publishing House. New York.

Saqi, Moti Lal.

1967 Kashmiri folksongs. (Urdu, Kashmir) Hamara adab, JKAACL. Srinagar

2: 238.

Saqi, Moti Lal.

.Hamara adab.(Folk songs of marriages in Kashmiri) شبزی ثیب کے گیت 1975-76

JKAACL.

Saqi, Moti Lal and Naji Munawar (eds)

1965 Kashmiri Folksongs .Hamara adab, (Urdu) JKAACL.Srinagar.

Shad, Ghulam Mohammad.

The mutual relationship between Kashmiri) لوک ازة اور تبرید کب ثبہوی رثظ 1975-76

folk literature and history)Hamara adab. JKAACL.

Sultanpuri, Mashal.

1975-76 Kashmiri masnavis based on folk literature (Urdu)Hamara adab,

JKAACL.

23 Material helpful in Archaeological Surveying

Bamber, C. J.

1916 Plants of the Punjab; a descriptive key to the flora of the Punjab, North-

west Frontier Province and Kashmir Lahore The

SuperintendentGovernment Printing.

Banerji, S. C.

1965 Cultural heritage of Kashmir; a survey of Kashmir's contribution to

Sanskrit literature With a foreword by RC Majumdar Sanskrit Pustak

Bhandar. Calcutta.

Bates, C. E.

1980 A gazeteer of Kashmír, and the adjacent districts of Kishtwar, Badrawár,

Jamu, Naoshera, Punch, and the valley of the Kishen. Ganga Light & Life

Publishers. New Delhi.

Battye, E.

1997 The Kashmir Residency: memories of 1939 and 1940Putney, British

Association for Cemeteries in South Asia. (BACSA).

Dev, J. S.

1983 Natural calamities in Jammu and Kashmir.Ariana Pub. House. New Delhi.

Qadri.F. Shafi Ahmad.

Flora and Fauna of Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh.

Fotedar, D. N. & R. C. Bhagat.

1984 Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh, zoological studies: an annotated

bibliography, 1848-1983. International Books & Periodicals Supply

Service. New Delhi.

Hangloo, R. L.

1995 Agrarian system of Kashmir, 1846-1889.Commonwealth Publishers. New

Delhi.

Hassnain,F.M.

1992 Encyclopedia of Kashmir.

Masudi, Mim Mim.

Kashmīr ke Fārsī adab kī tārīk h . History of Persian literature in Kashmir, 1752-

1819. Hannan Pablisharz.Srinagar.

Director of Census Operations Jammu and Kashmir; J. K. Nanda, et al.

1970 A pilot town study of Sopore, Tehsil Sopore, District Baramulla

Manager of Publications. Delhi.

Information ServicesIndia.

1957 Kashmir; a factual survey.New Delhi.

Quartermaster-General's Dept Intelligence BranchIndia.

1974 Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak.Delhi.

Kachru, Braj. B.

1981 Kashmiri literature.OttoHarrassowitz Wiesbaden.

Kalla, K. L.

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1985 The Literary heritage of Kashmir.Mittal Publications. Delhi.

Kalla, K. L.

1996 Cultural heritage of Kashmir Anmol Publications. New Delhi.

Kalla, K.L.

1985 Our Glorious HeritageThe Literary Heritage of Kashmir. Mittal

PublicationsDelhi 1-9

Kalla, K.L.

1985 The culture of KashmirThe Literary Heritage of Kashmir.10-17.Mittal

Publications. Delhi.

Kazmi, S. M. A.

1970 Bibliography on the botany of West Pakistan and Kashmir and adjacent

regions. Field Research Projects.Miami, Florida.

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Lokesh, C.

1982 Sanskrit texts from Kashmir. Sharada Rani.New Delhi.

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1990 Muslim saints and their shrines. Jay Kay Book House. Jammu.

24 Bibliographic Works

Bühler, Georg

1877 Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit Mss made in Kaśmir, Rajputana,

and Central India. Bombay.

Clauson, Gerard. L.M.

1912 Catalogue of the Stein Collection of Sanskrit MSS from Kashmir.JRAS. 587-627.

Deambi,B. K.

1989 Handlist of Sanskrit Manuscripts of J&K Research Library.

Yatch,D. N.

1984 Descriptive Catalogue of the Historical Manuscripts in Sanskrit.

Bhat ,G. R.

1989 Handlist of Persian and Arabic Manuscripts of J&K Research Library, Srinagar.

Kile, Jeffrey.

Bibliography of Kashmir.http://wwwjammukashmireclipsecouk/bibliogrhtm

Mirza, Shafiq Hussain.

1981 Kashmir: an annotated bibliographyBibliographical series. (Newberry Library

Center for the History of the American Indian) Bibliographic series (Islamic

University (Islamabad, Pakistan) Institute of Islamic History, Culture, and

Civilization).

Koul, Omkar. N.

1994 Kashmiri Language Linguistics and Culture, An Annotated Bibliography.

Mattoo, A. M.

Descriptive Catalogue of Persian and Arabic Manuscripts.

Dogra,R. C.

1986 Jammu and Kashmir: A Select and Annotated Bibliography of Manuscripts,

Books and Articles Together with a Survey of Its History, Language and

http://www.jammukashmir.eclipse.co.uk/bibliogr.htm

http://www.google.com.pk/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22R.+C.+Dogra%22

Literature from Rajatarangini to 1977/78 University College, London 1982 -

1154 pages Language and Literature from Rajatarangini to Modern Times. pp

xiv+ 418.

Patkar,M. M., et al.

1970 Descriptive catalogue of manuscripts in the Shri Ranbir Sanskrit Research

Institute, Jammu. Shri Ranbir Sanskrit Research Institute.Jammu.

Warikoo,K.

1976 Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh: a classified and comprehensive bibliography

Sterling Publishers.New Delhi.

25. Miscellaneous

1908 Kashmir: History Imperial Gazetteer of India, 15: 94-95.

1910

Journal and periodical of the Asiatic society of Bangal.6:195-196.

Keenan, Brigid.

1989 Travels in Kashmir: A Popular History of Its People, Places, and Crafts.

Oxford University Press. Delhi.

Malvern College (Malvern England).

1982 Malvern College Kashmir Expedition 1982 [Malvern, England, Malvern

College.

Kaboo, Purnima. &B. K. Deambi.

1983 Pakaeigraoguc Study of the Bower Manuscripts.source:


Koul, Purnima. &B. K. Deambi.

1984 Inscriptions and Coins of Gandhara and Gilgit – A Socio-Political Study.

Rustamov, U. A.

1960 Sovremennyi Kashmir: ocherki istorii, ekonomiki i kultury Tashkent, Izd-vo

Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR.Tashkent.

Storey, C A

1927

Study relates to Doda District of Jammu and Kashmir Persian Literature

Vol.1.Reprint.London. 1989.

Warder, A. K.

1972 An Introduction to Indian Historiography Monographs of the Department of

Sanskrit and Indian Studies, University of Toronto. Vol.1 .Bombay.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigid_Keenan


Zadoo, J. D. (ed) Jagad Dhar.

1947 The Uddamareshvara tantram (A book on magical rites).

Puri, G.S.

1948 The flora of the Karewa series of Kashmir India.74 (3):105-122.

Akhtar, Mohi-ud-Din.

1998 A Fresh Approach to the History of Kashmir. Srinagar.

The End

Kashmir; A Bibliography for Archaeologists

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