HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVILIZATIONAND CULTURE IN EMERGING

GLOBALISED WORLD

HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVILIZATIONAND CULTURE IN EMERGING

GLOBALISED WORLD

UGC Sponsored National Conferenceon

27-28 Feburary, 2015

Organized by:

AMAR SHAHEED BABA AJIT SINGH JUJHAR SINGH MEMORIAL COLLEGE, BELAROPAR -140111 (PUNJAB)

EditorMamta Arora

TWENTYFIRST CENTURY PUBLICATIONSPATIALA

First Edition Published in 2016 byTWENTYFIRST CENTURY PUBLICATIONS, PATIALA# 79, Sheikhpura, P.O. Punjabi University, Patiala (PB) - 147002Ph. 90564-53888 (Off.), 92167-53888e-mail : tfcpublications11@gmail.com

The responsibility for the facts or opinions expressed in the papers are entirely of the authors.Neither the College nor the publishers are responsible for the same.

© Reserved

HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE IN EMERGING GLOBALISED WORLD

byMamta Arora

ISBN: 978-93-85448-04-1

Price : 500/-

Laser Type SettingRavi Kant Handa

Printed in India atTwentyfirst Century Printing Press, Patiala

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MESSAGE

I am extremely happy to know that Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar SinghMemorial College Bela is publishing proceedings of two days National Conference“Human Rights, Civilization and Culture in Emerging Globalised World” The themechosen for the conference was of topical interest. Human rights is a vast field to work.It is a component of every civilization and culture. In today’s Globalised world, conceptof Human Rights is also changing with context to culture and civilization. I congratulatethe organizers for providing a platform for this interaction through this Conference. Itwas a nice experience for me to be a part of the conference.

I have no doubt that the suggestions made by the speakers were of utmostimportance and shall contribute for the betterment of society. I wish the organizers aGood Luck.

(Dr. Daljit Singh Cheema)Education Minister,

Punjab

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MESSAGE

It is a great pleasure for me to know that two days’ conference proceedings arepublished with the aim of disseminating knowledge amongst intellectuals, studentsand research scholars. The objective of this conference was to provide a highly interactiveforum so as to bring together researchers of different disciplines, from academic andresearch institutions, Human Right Commission members and public organizationswith the aim of collecting, exchanging and promoting the knowledge regarding humanrights. We are also honoured to have several plenary lectures by well-known leadingexperts like Jatinder Pannu, Dr. J.A. Khan, Dr. Kuldeep Dhir etc. We hope that thelectures and papers presented in the conference must stimulate and inspire futurestudies.

I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to the Conference AdvisoryCommittee, Program Committee, the Session Chairs, the Reviewers, and the volunteersfor their great efforts to make the conference possible.

Good Luck.

(Smt. Rajbans Kaur)President, M.C.

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MESSAGE

wB[Zyh nfXekoK dh T[bzxDk id'A jZdK pzB/ NZgD bZr/ sK ;wki N[ZND d/ feBko/ nk iKdk j? iK fpyoiKdk j?. wB[Zy d/ ;ZfGnsk dh g"Vh uVQB d/ fdBK s'A T[; ftZu fJ; rZb dh u/sBk g?dk j' rJh fe fJ; Xoshs/ T[j th d{;o/ wB[ZyK dh soK nkfJnk j? s/ T[; ƒ th d{finK tKr pokposk ukjhdh j? id^id th wB[Zydh J/; e[dosh ykfjP ƒ dpkT[D dh e'fPP j'Jh T[; nzdo n;zs'P dh GktBk g?dk j'Jh. ephfbnK d/w[yhnK, okfinK, wjkokfinK B/ wB[Zyh wB dh fJ; p/u?Bh ƒ id th nkgDhnK fBZih ykjPK dh g{osh bJhsPdd Bkb dpkT[D dk ;jkok fbnk iK c/o oZp dk vo g?dk eoe/ fe;/ e[dosh eo'gh, d/th, d/tfsnK dhBokIrh dk G?n, fgSb/ iBw ‘u ehs/ wkV/ eowK dk |b G[rsD torhnK ejkDhnK xVhnK. nfij/ jkbksftZu T[jƒ nkgD/ S'N/ gD dk nfj;k; eotk e/ ;G fyV/ wZE/ gqtkB eo b?D dh ;bkj fdZsh.

;ZfGne ;wki ftZu wB[Zy dh u/szBsk fe;/ th soQK d{;o/ wB[Zy tZb'A T[jd/ e[dosh nfXekoK ƒ dpkT[Ddh Wuh ƒ gqtkB BjhA eodh. ;wkie gqrsh dk gjhnk ubdk frnk \k; G{r'fbe jZdpzdhnK okiK d/PKftZu spdhb j' rJhnK tgkoe Io{osK g{ohnK eoB dh j'V bZrh. wB[Zy ftZu e[dosh t;hfbnK *s/ nfXekoiwkT[D dh Wuh tXdh rJh. izrK :[ZXK ftZu'A bzxdk wB[Zyh ;wki, wB[Zy jZE'A wB[Zy dh b[ZN^y;[ZN, d{;o/ wB[Zyƒ }[bkw pDk nkgDhnK b'VK g{ohnK eoB bZfrnk. fi; Bkb ;wkfie, Xkofwe, okiBhfse nfXekoK dkxkD j'D bZfrnk. fGnkBe Bshi/ G[rsD wro'A p?m p?mkn ;w/A dh Io{os pDh. tZy^tZy d/PK ns/ ;wkiftZu e[M fB:w sfj j'J/. Xkofwe, ;wkfie, okiBhse, ;z;EktK ftZu fJZe d{;o/ dhnK p[fBnkdh GktBktKiK efj bU nfXekoK dk nkdo eoB dh rZb s[oh. go wB[Zy ftubh e[dosh t;hfbnK s/ epI/ dh GktBkokiK dhnK jZd pzdhnK d/ c?bkn dh GktBk nkgD/ Xow ƒ ;ot ;q/Pm wzB e/ d{i/ ƒ ipoh T[; ƒ ngBkT[DbJh efjD dh GktBk ;wkfie T[~Bsh d/ Bkb^Bkb tXdh rJh. Xkofwe ofjpoK B/ wB[Zyh edoK ehwsKƒ ngBk e/ wB[Zy ƒ ;KMhtkbsk dk gkm gVkfJnk, go fJB;kBh fIzdrh dh fJj sok;dh ojh j?, fe ;Gs'A tZX wB[Zyh nfXekoK s/ jwb/ Xkofwe ekoBK eoe/ j'J/ jB.

;w/A^;w/A Xkofwe, ;wkfie ofjB[wK nfijhnK T[bzxDktK d/ fybk| nktkI p[bzd eod/ oj/ jB, fi;dhnK T[dkjoBK pj[sks ftZu fwbdhnK jB. Grsh bfjo ftZu wB[Zyh GktBktK dh edo jZe ;Zu s/ gfjo/dh rZb Bkb fJfsjk; Gfonk fgnk j?. pkpo d/ I[bw dh fJzsjk d/yfdnK Pqh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ ebwdh nktkI Bkb p}kts dk Mzvk u[Zfenk id'A T[jBK fejk

‘y[ok;kB y;wkBk ehnk fjzd';skB vokfJnk’‘J/sh wko gJh e[obkD? s?A eh dod Bk nkfJnk’

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wB[Zyh nfXekoK s/ jwbk eoB tkb/ pkdPkj ƒ th

‘oki/ PhAj w[edw e[s/ikfJ irkfJB p?m/ ;[s/. efj e/ T[jdh Iwho ƒ Mzi'V d/D dh e'fP; ehsh.

nwo Pjhd pkpk nihs f;zx i[Mko f;zx w?w'ohnb ekbi p/bk tZb'A ni'e/ ;z;ko ftZu wB[Zyh nfXeko;ZfGnkuko ns/ ;ZfGnsk fij/ fBt/eb/ ftP/ T[~s/ okPNoh ekBcoz; nk:'fis eoBk T[j th wB[Zyh nfXekoKbJh bk;kBh e[opkBh d/D tkb/ Pqh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ƒ ;wofgs fJZe PkBdko T[~dw j?. r[o{ ;kfjpwB[Zyh fJfsjk; ftZu fJZe ftbZyD s/ wjkB P\;hns j' T[Go/ fijBK nkgD/ Xow bJh BjhA d{;o/ Xow ftZunehdk oZyD tkb/ ftnesh dh Xkofwe nkIkdh d/ wB[Zyh nfXeko bJh ikB e[opkB ehsh.

ni'e/ ftPtheoB d"o ftZu wB[Zyh nfXekoK dh okyh bJh ;z;ko gZXo T[~s/ tZv/ T[gokb/ ehs/ rJ/ jBfi; ftZu ftXkBe s"o *s/ p[fBnkdh nfXekoK dh rZb fbyD, gVQB dh nkIkdh dh rZb, gfjBD, ykD s/t'N okjhA oki/ u[DB dh rZb, e[bh, r[bh, i[bh Bkb ;pzXs tZy^tZy nfXekoK dh rZb ehsh rJh j?. fJjBKdh okyh bJh S'N/ tZv/ ekƒB, ;wkie ;z;EktK tZb'A B?fse gkm nkfd Pkwb jB. ;w/A dk d[yKs j? fe ;Ge[M d/ j[zfdnK wkj"b fdB'A^fdB rzX+k j'Jh ik fojk j?. wB[Zy d{;o/ rqfjK s/ ihtB dh Gkb ftZu ;orowj? Bkb'A^Bkb wB[Zy fbyD dh nkIkdh s/ jwbk, ykD dh nkIkdh s/ jwbk, Xow ƒ ngBkT[D dh nkIkdh*s/ jwbk eoe/ ;wkie tksktoB ƒ d{fPs eo fojk j?.

fJ; dk fJZe wjZstg{oB ekoB s/ fgS'eV wB[Zyh gqrsh dk u[fDnk okj th j?, fi; ftZu ;wkiygstkd, gdkoEtkdh ;'u Xkofwe^nzX^ftPtk;hnK dh dbdb ftZu X;dk ik fojk j?. ;ZfGnkuko ns/;ZfGnsk ‘;z;ko fJZe fgzv j?* dh nkV ftZu tgkoheoB dk fPeko j' e/ buo, nPbhb s/ B?fsesk ftj{Dhj' ojh j?. ;z;koheoB d/ fJ; d"o ftZu wB[Zy jZE'A wB[Zysk d/ p[fBnkdh nfXekoK dh T[bzxDk ;G jZdK pzB/NZgdh ik ojh j? ;wki fpyo fojk j? N[ZN fojk j? fJ; fgS'eV ftZu fJj ekBcoz; S'Nk jh ;jh, gowjZstg{oB jzGbk j?. w?A fJ; ekBcoz; s/ Pkwb jo tor d/ ftnesh ƒ w[pkoe g/P eodk jK.

d/ftzdo f;zx iNkDk;eZso

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MESSAGE

On behalf of the Managing committee, I am honoured and delighted to know thatproceedings of the conference of Human Rights, Civilization and Culture are in progress.I believe a venue has been chosen that guarantees a successful conference amid theculture and scenery of Human rights. Technical session program were rich and variedwith keynote speeches, invited talks, presentations from delegates from other colleges.Besides this, delegates got numerous opportunities for informal knowledge. I knowthat the success of the conference depends ultimately on the many people who haveworked in planning and organizing both the technical program and supporting otherarrangements. In particular, we congratulate team members for their wise advice andbrilliant suggestion for the proceedings of their thorough and timely reviewing of thepapers, and UGC who have helped to keep down the costs of conference for allparticipants. Recognition should go to the different Committee members who have allworked extremely hard for the details of important aspects of the conference.

With warm wishes.

(S. Sukhwinder Singh Whisky)Manager, M.C.

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MESSAGE

On behalf of the Managing committee, I am honored and delighted to know thatthe Conference proceedings on “Human Rights, Civilization and Culture in EmergingGlobalized World” are in process. I believe we have chosen a venue that guarantees asuccessful conference amid the culture of current scenrio. Our technical program wasrich and varied with 2 keynote speech and 5 invited talks and around 100 technicalpapers split between 2 parallel oral sessions and 2 poster sessions on each day. I knowthat the success of the conference depends ultimately on the many people who haveworked in planning and organizing both the technical program and supporting socialarrangements. In particular I am thankful to the convener for their wise advice andbrilliant suggestion on organizing the event and for their thorough and timely reviewingof the papers, and our sponsors who have helped us to keep down the costs of Conferencefor all participants. Recognition should go to the Local Organizing Committee memberswho have all worked extremely hard for the details of important aspects of the conferenceprograms and social activities.I hope these proceedings shall prove valuable for thebetterment of society.

ALL THE BEST

(Sangat Singh Longia)Sr. Vice President, M.C.

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MESSAGE

It is indeed a pleasure and a great honour for me to deliver plenary lecture intwo–day National Conference on the theme “Human Rights, Civilization and Culturein Emerging Globalised World” held on 27-28 February,2015. My heartiestcongratulations for the staff and management of Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh JujharSingh Memorial College, Bela Ropar for organizing this wonderful event in whichintellectuals and renowned thinkers from Punjab and Chandigarh participated.

The greatest advances of mankind do not lie in its inventions or discoveries ratherhow the human inventions and discoveries are harnessed to reduce disparity, inequalityand social injustice. The real objective of human rights can be achieved by inculcatingthe core values of democracy, education, health care and economic opportunities amongcommon masses. Promoting an egalitarian society on the basis of some moral and ethicalprinciples will certainly be the highest human achievement.

It is really a phenomenal experience for me to know that many reputed thinkersexpressed their views on vital issues of “Human Rights” in the context of the emergingscenario of Globalization. I applause organizing committee for their wishes to publishthe proceedings of their conference. This will certainly enhance the archival values ofthe landmark event in the field of academic and literary activities of this college.

Wish you all the best.

(Baljinder Singh Thakur)Honourable Human Rights Commission Member

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MESSAGE

fJ; pqfjwzv ftZu jo uhI wB[Zyh nfXekoK Bkb ;pzXs j?. wB[Zyh nfXekoK s'A fpBK nfijk wkj"bBjhA f;ofink ik ;edk, fi; Bkb ftnesh dk ;opgZyh ftek; j' ;e/. id'A wB[Zy e[dosh nt;Ek ftZuofjzdk ;h, T[; ;w/A th wB[Zy ƒ e[dosh nfXekoK d/ o{g ftZu nfXeko gqkgs ;B. j"+h^j"+h oki dh T[sgshj'Jh. oki d[nkok th wB[Zy ƒ nfXeko gqdkB ehs/ rJ/ ;B. nZi th jo soQK d/ Pk;B ftZu wB[Zy ƒ fJjnfXeko gqkgs jB. wB[Zyh iht j'D d/ Bks/ wB[Zy ƒ fJj nfXeko gqkgs jB. nfXeko wB[Zy dk iBw f;ZXnfXeko j?. fJj nfXeko gqdkB eod/ ;w/A fe;/ Bkb iBw, iks, Xow, tzP, fbzr, o{g ns/ B;b nkfdd/ nXko *s/ ftseok BjhA ehsk iKdk go d[Zy dh rZb fJj j? fe jo ;w/A s'A fJjBK nfXekoK dh T[bzxDkth j[zdh nk ojh j?. wB[Zy ƒ fJjBK nfXekoK s'A tzus oZyD dh e'fPP j[zdh ojh j?. e[dosh nt;Ek ftZuth id'A wB[Zy B/ fPeko y/vDk P[o{ ehsk sK T[j wk; yk b?Adk ;h ns/ yZbK ;KG e/ oZy b?Adk ;h. pbtkBftneshnK B/ ewI'o ftneshnK dhnK yZbK y'jDhnK P[o{ eo fdZshnK. gfjb/ ;z;ko wjK :[ZX ns/ d{i/;z;ko wjK :[ZX ftZu wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk pj[s xkD j'fJnk ns/ \soBke jfEnkoK dh tos'A ehsh rJh.

Gkt/A wB[Zyh nfXeko efwPB dh ;EkgBk j'Jh j?. pj[s ;kohnK ;t?^;/th iE/pzdhnK th ek|h e'fPPeo ojhnK jB fco th nfXekoK dh g{oh ;[oZfynk ;zGt BjhA j' ;eh. fJ; bJh jo wB[Zy ƒ nkgD/nfXekoK gqsh ns/ eosZtK gqsh g{oB o{g ftZu ikro{e j'Dk ukjhdk j?. w?ƒ fJj dZ;d/ pVh y[Ph j' ojhj? fe fJ;/ bVh ftZu nwo Pjhd pkpk nihs f;zx i[Mko f;zx w?w'ohnb ekbi p/bk tZb'A UGC Sponsored“Human Rights Civilization and Culture in Emerging Globalized World” s/ ;?whBko eotkfJnk frnkj?. fi; ftZu tZy^tZy p[bkfonK B/ wB[Zyh nfXekoK d/ noE, fJjBK dh j' ojh T[bzxDk ns/ ;[oZfynk bJh:sBK d/ ;pzX ftZu tvw[Zb/ ftuko oZy/. T[go''es ;?whBko d/ o{g ftZu nfXekoK gqsh u/sBsk, bJh j' ojhnKe'fPPK dh esko ftZu ;kvk th fJj S'Nk fijk T[gokbk j?. fJj ;?whBko eotkT[D ftZu ekbi gqpzXeew/Nh dk pj[s ;fj:'r fwfbnk fJ; bJh w?A ;w{j gqpzXe ew/Nh dk th sfj fdb'A XzBtkdh jK.

(gq'H ;[ow[Zy f;zx)(fgqz;hgb)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank University Grants Commission for providing financialassistance for the two days National Conference on “Human Rights, Civilization andCulture in Emerging Globalised World” and managing committee of Amar ShaheedBaba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College for constant motivation for conductingthe conference successfully.

I am also very thankful to Managing Committee Members of Amar ShaheedBaba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College, Bela. I express my deep sense ofgratitude to esteemed S. Davinder Singh Jattana under whose competent guidanceand encouragement, I have been able to complete this work. I am deeply indebted forhis proper guidance, precise and constructive criticism, meticulous suggestions, pleasantbehaviour, which always inspired me to put in my best efforts in face of my ordealswhich I faced during compilation of this work. I express my heartiest gratitude toprincipal Prof. Surmukh Singh for his inestimable help. I owe my profound thanksto Dr. Harpreet Kaur, Assistant Prof. Punjabi, Mrs. Anuradha Dhiman AssistantProfessor English for helping me in editing of work. I am really thankful to Dr. SurjitKaur who helped me to edit Plenary Talks. I am also thankful to Mr. Mandeep Singhfor compliling the work, Sperintendent Sh. Ashok Kumar for helping me indisbursement of grant, Mr. Khalil Mohmammad, Gurdeep Singh and Mrs. JasbirKaur for providing helping hands whenever, I was in need. I cann’t ignore mydepartment teaching and non teaching staff who cooperated me at every step. Itwas difficult task for me I would like to thanks readers also who have valued the work.

(Mamta Arora)Organising Secretary

Convener

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PREFACE

“If we don’t try, we’re just latter-day sinners;if we don’t persevere, we’re latter-day quitters;

and if we don’t allow others to try,we’re just latter-day hypocrites.”

As we try, undertake, persevere and assist others to do the same, we are trueLatter-day Saints. This book in the form of proceedings is an effort in the same direction.Therefore I hope it shall be useful to the readers.

As readers you will find a remarkable diversity of topics that respond to manypressing problems related to human rights in the world today. Pace of Globalization isquickening. Paradigm shift is there in the cultures all over the world. Clashes ofcivilizations are taking place. These ideas could not be left idle without vision andapplication; they require continuous contribution, on going commitment and carefuldeliberations. The purpose of the gathering was to extend and contribute to a globalconversation about Human rights in context to civilization and culture in EmergingGlobalised World. The idea of human rights itself was negotiated and re-imagined inall kinds of ways. This conference proved to be a catalyst in opening up theory andpractice for activist and thinker alike. Bringing together critical, creative and viewpointsproduced possibilities for rich communication that was qualitatively engaged. Conceptswere turned inside out, and through practices of listening and discussions, the gatheringbuilt conversations infused with vitality, respect, interest and curiosity.

As human rights issues impact on all of us every day, whether we are conscious ofthem or not. Human rights and peace provide a language for dialogue about humanlife in all of its diversity and complexity. The purpose of the conference was also tocontinue the urgent enquiry into how human rights can be activated, that is, brought

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into both vision and carry out as a living praxis. We should be able to recognize people’sinherent dignity and humanity to build peace in Globalized world.

We need to link experience substantively to education and vision, as these aremutually sustaining. The legacy itself is in the activation, energizing, and inspirationto move towards to know, to listen to, to understand the whole story. I think theseconference proceedings will provide some of the ideas, thoughts required for such anexercise. In the last but not least I would like to say that A true dreamer is one whoknows how to navigate in the dark.

(Mamta Arora)

BIOGRAPHIESOF

HONOURABLE SPEAKERS

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SH. JATINDER PANNU JI

It takes guts to speak out when prudence demands silence. Not many can claim tobe forthright when it matters most. Jatinder Pannu — a familiar face on Doordarshan,Jalandhar — belongs to that rare species. During the days of terrorism his articles invarious newspapers highlighted brutalities perpetrated by terrorists and security forcesalike. On DDJ’s Khas Khabar Ik Nazar, every Friday morning, he comes up withinsightful, cogent and pithy comments laced with rustic parables/anecdotes and wryhumour.

Interestingly, he is neither a trained academician nor a conventional intellectual.His worldview has been shaped by real-life experiences as Kisan Sabha activist andjournalist. Presently, he is Editor with Nawan Zamana—apart from acting as honoraryeditor for various publications and radio stations abroad. He has represented the countryat the United Nations Human Rights Commission, Geneva.

Pannu has authored six books, including satire Rang duniya de, poetry Ajj-Nama,an analytical tome Sikh Dharam de Smajik Sarokar, apart from books onterrorism and the Guru ka langar controversy.

In 1992, Pannu was awarded the National Media Award by the Small and MediumNewspapers Association of India. In 2000 the Language Department of Punjabhonoured him with Shiromani Patarkar Award.

Punjabi television’s journalists have proved their mettle on several occasions. Hehas exposed corruption in high places, bureaucratic indifference towards the exploitedpoor, and general violation of laws by the empowered.

EditorNawan Zamana

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vkH jofizdo tkbhnk

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vkH tkbhnk gzikp dhnK ;kohnK :{Bhtof;NhnK d/ ftfdnkoEh oj/ jB.gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh s'A T[BQKgZsoekoh dh p?u{bo fvroh ehsh. gzikp n?rohebuo :{Bhtof;Nh s'A T[BQK n?wHn?~;H;hH fJB ioBkfbiwehsh. gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh s'A n?wHJ/H gzikph ehsh s/ r[o{ BkBe d/t :{Bhtof;Nh, nzfwqs;o s' ghHn?uHvhehsh.

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DR. J.A. KHAN

Prof. Khan (M.A, M.Phil Gold Medalist, Ph.D. in Political Science) born in historicaltown of Maler Kotla on 6th December 1954, is an established scholar of Punjab/IndianPolitics. He has published several books, few of which are Punjab Di Rajniti and Politicsof Coalition Governments in Punjab. Besides, he has published more than fifty researchpapers/articles in reputed Journals and Newspapers. He has supervised more thanthirty M.Phil and nine Ph.D. students on different aspects of Punjab politics. He hasalso participated in about 100 conferences and seminars in India as well as abroad andpresented papers. He has delivered extension lectures on important themes concerningIndian politics and has also delivered convocation addresses in about fifty colleges ofPunjab. He has also acted as Chief guest/presided over many prize distribution andother functions in the state. He has also organized many national and internationalseminars and workshops at Punjabi University, Patiala.

Prof. Khan has been a member of many professional bodies such as ExecutiveMember of Indian Distance Education Council (IDEA) and Indian Political ScienceAssociation. During his student life, he remained President of the KurukshetraUniversity Research Scholars Association and during his service as university teacher,he has served as Executive Member and Joint Secretary of Punjabi university TeachersAssociation. He has been member of the Planning Board, Youth Welfare Committee,NSS Committee, Academic Council, Senate, Finance Committee and Syndicate of PunjabiUniversity, Patiala. He has also served as President of University Sports Committee.He has been nominated twice as member of the Executive Council of Guru JambeshwarUniversity of Science & Technology, Hisar by the Hon’ble Governor of Haryana andChancellor of Guru Jambeshwar University. Presently, he is serving on the secondterm of this august body. He is member of the Board of Governors of Haryana School of

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Business Studies. He has also been nominated as member on the Court of ChoudharyDevi Lal University, Sirsa by the hon’ble Governor of Haryana. He is on the ReviewPanel of three International Journals published from foreign countries. He is also amember of the university under-graduate and Post-graduate Board of Studies, memberof M.Phil Course Committee, member of Research Award Committee, Youth WelfareCommittee and Planning Board and President of Sports Committee.

Prof. Khan has vast administrative experience. He has served as Dean, CollegeDevelopment Colleges & Head, Department of Distance Education Punjabi University,Patiala. He also remained institutional coordinator of Rashtriya Uchtar Siksha Abhian(RUSA) of Punjabi University, Patiala and officiated as Registrar of the PunjabiUniversity thrice. He is decorated with Punjab Government State Award -2000, AnjumanIttihad –E Millat (Punjab) Award and Hakeem Abdul Hamid Awards for hiscontribution to academics.

He was nominated as member of the Advisory Committee of Islamia Girls SeniorSecondary School, Malerkotla by the Social Welfare Ministry of Government of Indiain 1998 to utilise the huge grant given by Maulana Azad Foundation Trust, NewDelhi to the school for upgrading its infrastructure. In 2003, Prof. Khan was appointedManager of Baba Farid Public School by the Punjab Wakf Board to improve its working,which he did successfully in a very brief period. Again, in 2010 he was appointed Co-ordinator of the Expert Committee by the Punjab Wakf Board to open a new college forgirls in the educationally backward town of Malerkotla. He played an important role inthe opening of this college and the college started its functioning in a very brief period.He has also been associated with almost every college of Sangrur district in one or theother capacity.

Prof. Khan acted as Subject Expert and Vice-Chancellor’s nominee in more than100 Selection Committees of affiliated colleges and has also inspected about 50 collegesin the capacity of member and convener. He has worked as coordinator of the Statelevel Enterance admission cells of MBA/MCA and B.Ed. Courses.

He was also assigned the responsibility by the Punjab Government and PunjabiUniversity, Patiala to conduct the interviews for promoting Associate Professors toProfessor in all Government Colleges of Punjab in the capacity of Chairman of theCommittee.

(Dr. Jamshid Ali Khan)Dean College Development Council

Former Dean Colleges & HeadProfessor of Political Science

Department of Distance EducationPunjabi University, Patiala

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DR. KULDEEP SINGH DHIR

Dr. Dhir has born on 15.11.1943 at Mandi Baha-ud-din District Gujrat (NowPakistan), Kuldip Singh Dhir graduated in Mechanical Engineering from ThaparInstitute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala (Deemed University) in 1966. Afterserving as Research Investigator I.I.A.M.R. Delhi, Assistant Professor, Department ofMechanical Engineering U.P. Agriculture University, Pant Nagar (Nainital) andTechnical Officer Department of Industries, Govt. of Rajasthan, he finally decided todevote himself to the cause of language and literature. A genuine scholar of Punjabi,Hindi, English, Urdu and Sanskrit, he had his master’s Degree in Punjabi and pursuedresearch to earn a Doctorate. He worked for some time as a research investigator at theIndian Institute of Applied Manpower Research, New Delhi, and as assistant professorat UP Agricultural University, Pant Nagar, Nainital. Dr. Dhir informed that thoughhe started his career outside the state his interest in language and culture brought himback to Punjab and he started working as assistant development officer (planning) toexecute projects for the development of Punjabi language in scientific and technicalfields.

He joined Punjabi University and became Professor & Head of PostgraduateDepartment of Punjabi and Co-ordinator Department of Special Assistance Scheme ofU.G.C. at Punjabi University Patiala from 1991-94. He was Dean Faculty of Languagesof the Punjabi University from May 1999 to May 2001. He has the rare honour ofserving as Dean Academic Affairs of the University for more than two years from August1999 to September 2002. He has written and lectured intensively on various aspects ofPunjabi Language, Literature & Culture. He has been listed in Who’s Who of Indian

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Writers, Sahitya Academy of India, Marquis Who’s Who in the World (U.S.A.),Dictionary of International Biography (England) & International Directory ofDistinguished Leadership (U.S.A.). He was awarded a prize by National ProductivityCouncil in 1967 and honoured with Prize for his books in Punjabi seven times duringthe years 1969 to 1976. In 1998, Guru Gobind Singh Study Circle honoured him withBhai Santokh Singh Puraskar. Sain Main Meer Trust honoured him in 2000. He hasalso the honour of being the recipient of Shiromani Punjabi Lekhak Award of Punjabfor the year 1999 which carries a cash award of Rs. one lac. Dr. M.S. Randhawa awardby the Language Department in 2003, and Dr. M.S. Randhawa Gian Vigyan Award in2004.

He has to his credit 37 books, including ‘Paryogic Bhautik Vigyan,’ ‘ Sikh Raj DeVeer Nayak,’ ‘Daryanvan Di Dosti,’ ‘Vigyan Dee Dunia’ ‘Gurbani’, ‘Jote Ate Jugat’,‘Gian Sarovar’, ‘Computer’, ‘Kahani Atom Bomb Dee’, ‘Jehaz Rocket Atc Upgreh’, ‘TariaVe Teri Lo’, ‘Dharat Ambar Dian Batan’ “Bharti atom bomb da mahan birtant”,“Nanotechnology: Agli Kranti”, “Dharti hor pare hor hor”, “Vigyan, vigyani ate aamaadmi” and “Navan vigyan naven dishade”.

Dr. Dhir feels that Punjabi is one of the richest languages as it holds 12th positionin the world languages with 14 crore people speaking it. Dr. Dhir said, “I have tried toexplain the practical concepts of science in simple Punjabi. It is important to develop ascientific outlook among common people. Science should not remain confined toresearchers.”At conference he highlighted and enlightened the audience with hisknowledge.

Dean LanguagesPunjabi University, Patiala

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MR. BALJINDER SINGH THAKUR

Mr. Baljinder Singh Thakur started his career as on advocate from Distt. Courts Patiala.After performing different assignments in his career he joined as a Honorable member PunjabState Human Rights Commission since 2011 with equal status of Punjab and Haryana highcourt judges.

ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES

1. Life member of Indian History Congress2. Member senate Punjabi University Patiala since July, 20073. Member Distt. Advisory Committee (Education) [Feb 2009 to Feb 2011].

OTHER ACTIVITIES

Sir has organized and attended various seminars and symposiums of state at, national andinternational level, played a key role in organizing an international seminar on ‘CelebratingDiversity’ increasing international understanding among students & youth on 19-20 Feb. 2011at Chandigarh under the banner of W.O.S.Y. (World Organization of Students & Youth) inwhich about 300 delegates from 37 different countries participated. It was a very successfulevent. A regular contributor to various newspapers & magazines. Participated in Debate &Declaration contest several time in his student career.

SOCIAL ACTIVITIES

Founder Chairman and Member of Panchnad Foundation (NGO) which is working in thesocial, educational and environment field for the last 16 years. Remained Chairman of thisNGO for about 10 years. Active participation in various students movements and performed

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various responsibilities assigned to him from time to time.Since 2011, he has been educating students, youth, villagers and common man about their

human rights through seminars and workshops all over Punjab, he has also educated people ofPunjab through TV programmes. His *Native place*: is Patiala.

Hon’ble MemberPunjab State Human Rights Commission

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S. SWARAN SINGH BHANGU

vkfJo?eNof;Zfynk ns/ gZsoeko

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MAMTA ARORA

The Editor is Head of Biotechnology and Food Processing at A.S.B.A.S.J.S.M.Post Graduate College Bela Rupnagar. She is coordinator of Internal Quality AssuranceCell of the P.G. College , U.G.C., B.Voc. Nodal officer. She has done B.Sc., B.Ed. andM.Ed. from Punjab University Chandigarh. M.Sc. from Punjabi University Patiala.She has qualified CSIR NET in Life Science and U.G.C. NET in Education. She has gotbest teacher and best coordinator award 2013. The author has got state award forcontribution in Education Field by Punjab Kala Manch Sri Chamkaur Sahib in 2015.Another state award has been presented by The Bharat Scouts and Guides, Punjab2016. She has been nominated for Bharat Jyoti Award by India InternationalFriendship Society, New Delhi and Asia Pacific Who’s Who by RifacimentoInternational New Delhi 2016 . She has designed syllabus for various courses and ispresently member of board of study Biotechnology Punjabi University Patiala. She hasgot various grants from UGC for running different types of Programmes in college. Forthis conference also she has got 75,000/- from U.G.C. She presented various nationaland International papers. She has organized various Faculty Development Programmesand Conferences, Seminars etc. Her aim is to contribute in the field of education for thebetterment of society as she believes in Swami Vvekanand quote, “Arise, awake, andstop not till the goal is reached”.

(Mamta Aroa)

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PLENARY TALKS

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fJ; s'A gfjbK fe n;hA w"s dh ;Ik d/ ekƒB T[~s/ wB[Zyh nXko T[~s/ gkpzdh dh rZb P[o{ eohJ/ ,;kƒfJj ikD b?Dk ukjhdk j? fe wB[Zyh nfXekoK d/ dkfJo/ ftZu T[j ngokXh th nkT[Ad/ jB, fizBQK pko/ ndkbsKB/ w"s tkbh nk\oh ;Ik d/D dk n?bkB ehsk j'fJnk j?.;z;ko d/ d/PK ftZu fJ; ;Ik pko/ fJZe' fijhfotkfJs BjhA j?. e[M ;wkiK ftZu w"s dh ;Ik oZ;/ Bkb Nzr e/ cK;h ti'A fdZsh iKdh j?, fit/A Gkos ftZuj?, go e[M j'oBK ftZu w"s dh ;Ik bJh f;o fgZS/ frZuh ftZu r'bh wkoB dk ekƒB j?, fi; ftZu uhB s/e[M j'o Pkwb jB. e[M j'o d/PK ftZu ;kjwD/ yb's/ e?dh ƒ r'bh dh EK r'bhnK wkoB bJh pkekfJdkckfJfozr ;e[nkv pDkfJnk iKdk j?, fijVk fJZe soQK T[; e?dh dk fPeko y/vdk j?. ;z;ko d/ e[M j'oBKd/PK ftZu e?dh dk rbk tZYD bJh iZbkd ƒ fJj ezw ;"AgD dk fB:w j? ns/ e[M j'oBK d/PK ftZu UE'A d/e"wh gZXo d/ ;G s'A tZZv/ Xkofwe nkr{ d/ j[ew T[~s/ gZEo wko e/ wko d/D dk ekƒB j?. nwohek ns/ e[Mj'o d/PK d/ tZyo/ ekƒB jB.y[d e?dh ƒ e[M EKJh nkgD/ woB dk Yzr u[BD dk nfXeko fdZsk iKdk j?.fi; ftZu j"bh^j"bh BhAd ftZu wod/ ikD bJh Ifjo dk Nhek bkT[Dk iK fpibh dh e[o;h T[~s/ fpmkfJnkikDk Pkwb j?.;z;ko ftZu woB iK wkoB d/ fJBQK sohfenK ƒ th wB[Zyh nfXekoK d/ gZy'A pfj; dk w[ZdkpDkfJnk ik u[Zek j? s/ fJ; dk ekoB fJj j? fe fi; ƒ w"s dh ;Ik d/Dh j?,T[; ƒ th nkyoh tes jZd'Apkjbk d[yh eoB dh EK ;z;ko ftZu'A e[M nkokw Bkb ikD dk jZe d/D dh wzr j[zdh j?. eJh b'e j?okB j'Dr/fe fi; ƒ wko d/Dk j?,T[; d/ wB[Zyh nfXeko ekjd/, go ;{M dk gZXo fJj gZy th ;'uD ƒ efjzdk j?.

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j[D ftukoBk pDdk j?, w"s dh ;Ik d/ ekƒB ƒ fJ; d/ gZy iK fto'X ftZu pj[s e[M efjD ns/ ;[DBbJh w"i{d j?.pj[s xNhnk ngokXK dh uouk j't/ sK e'Jh th efj d/Adk j? fe fJj' fij/ ngokXh ƒ w"sdh ;Ik d/Dh ukjhdh j?. fJj f;o| Gkte dbhb ;wMh ik ;edh j?.;kv/ b'e eJh tkoh ;VeK T[~s/ nkiKd/ jB s/ id'A fe;/ ngokXh d/ ;pzX ftZu ekotkJh dh wzr eod/ jB sK nkw eo e/ ‘cbkD/ ƒ ckj/ bkU’dk Bknok bkfJnk iKdk j?. ;ZfGnsk d/ ni'e/ gVkn d/ gZy s'A ;'funk ikt/ sK fJj Bknok BkikfJI j?.d/P ekƒB Bkb uZbdk j?. ekƒB ftZu fJj gqpzX j/ fe e'Jh ghVs gqGkts iK gqsZy doPh ftnesh id'Afe;/ ftWZX fPekfJs eo/ sK d'Ph ƒ frq|sko eoB dk ezw g[b; eo/rh, go T[; d/ d'Ph j'D iK fJ; ftZufe;/ PZe dh r[zikfJP dk fBoDk eoB dk g[b; e'b nfXeko BjhA, fJj ezw ndkbs dk j?. ndkbs thjo esb dh w"s dh ;Ik BjhA d/ ;edh, ftob/ s'A ftobk s/ pj[s fxBkT[Dk I[ow j't/ sK w"s dh ;Ik fdZshik ;edh j? s/ fJ; d/ tk;s/ th ;ze'u dh b'V j[zdh j?, sK fe fes/ e'Jh p/r[Bkj pzdk oZ;/ Bkb n?t/A Bk Nzfrnkikt/. ndkbsK ftZu ;{MtkB iZi p?md/ jB, go T[j iZi th nkyo fJB;kB j[zd/ jB s/ jo fJB;kB s'A ;'uDdh gqfefonk d"okB e[M Bk e[M rbsh j' ;edh j?. ;kv/ Gkos ftZu th ns/ ftd/PK ftZu th, fte;s d/PKftZu th, eJh tkoh rbs pzfdnK ƒ ;Ik j' u[Zeh j? s/ eJh^eJh ;kb fgZS'A ik e/ fJj wzBD dh b'V g? iKdhojh j? fe nkdwh p/r[Bkj ;h, n?t/A nzdkI/ dh rbsh Bkb ;Ik G[rsdk fojk, go fJ; soQK dh }bsh BkbT[; dh fIzdrh dk fijVk ;wK i/bQ ftZu bzx frnk j[zdk j?, T[j }bsh wzBD Bkb BjhA w[Vdk.

fJsjk; ftZu fJZe T[~xVthA fw;kb j?. Jh;kJh GkJhuko/ dh fJZe e[Vh i"nkB nk| nkoe ƒ GoitkBh ftZu u[V/b ns/ Xow fto'Xh efj e/ fizdk ;kV fdZsk frnk ;h, go v/Y ;" ;kb fgZS'A U;/ ;Ik d/D tkbhXkofwe ;z;Ek ƒ fJj wzBDk fgnk fe ;Ik d/D ftZu tZvh G[Zb j'Jh j?. fJ; d/ pknd T[; e[Vh ƒ u[V/bdh EK ‘;/N i"nkB nk| nkoe’ (;zsDh i"nkB nk| nkoe) efj e/ tfvnkfJnk frnk ns/ g{ok ;BwkBfdZsk frnk, go fizdk ;kV fdZsh rJh T[j e[Vh tkg; BjhA nk ;edh i/ T[j fizdk ofjzdh sK ;wki bJhpj[s tZvk ns/ T[;ko{ :'rdkB d/ ;edh ;h.

e[M ;kb gfjbK ;kv/ gzikp ftZu wkbt/ d/ fJZe fgzv ftZu fJZe B'itkB d/ esb dk e/; T[; d/ gfotkoBkb d[PwDh tkfbnK T[~s/ pD frnk. T[j ;ko/ cV/ rJ/ s/ e/; ;kps j'D fgZS'A T[wo e?d eZN e/ fojknj'J/. e[M fuo fgZS'A T[j fe;/ d'nkp/ ftZu nkJ/ sK BtK Pfjo s/ o'gV d/ ftukb/ fJZe EK T[BQK ƒ T[j' ‘esbj'fJnk’ B"itkB, fi; d/ tkb fuZN/ j' u[Ze/ ;B, fJZe EK fJZe d[ekB ftZu ezw eodk fdykJh d/ frnk. wkwbkjkJh e'oN sZe frnk s/ fJj ;kps j' frnk fe fijV/ b'eK B/ esb dh ;Ik G[rsh ;h, T[j ;ko/ p/r[Bkj;B. B"itkB d/ wkfgnK B/ fJj dbhb b? bJh fe T[BQK ƒ gsk jh BjhA ;h fe w[zvk fizdk j? s/ fijVh bkPfwbh ;h, T[; ƒ gSkBD t/b/ T[BQK s'A }bsh j'Jh ;h. g[b; th wzB rJh fe nzdkI/ dh }bsh Bkb p/r[BkjKƒ ;Ik j'Jh j?. id'A ndkbs B/ ;Ik fdZsh ;h, Ud'A tehb B/ fJ; esb ƒ pVk fxBkT[Dk dZ; e/ T[BQK b'eKƒ w"s dh ;Ik dh wzr ehsh ;h, go iZi B/ BjhA ;h wzBh, i/ Gbk T[j wzr wzBh iKdh, fJj b'e cK;h Nzr/iKd/ ns/ B"itkB ƒ pknd ftZu e'Jh gSkD d/ dZ; d/Adk fe T[j sK fizdk j?, fco cK;h bZr/ j'J/ T[j pzd/fizdk BjhA ;h j' ;eD/ s/ fJ; }bsh ƒ ;[Xkfonk BjhA ;h ik ;eDk. fJj gZy pj[s e[M ;'uD dh wzr eodkj?. fizBQK b'eK B/ ;z;ko Go ftZu nk\oh ;Ik w"s T[~s/ o'e dh w[fjzw ubkJh j'Jh j?,T[j fJ;/ dbhb dk ;jkokb?Ad/ jB fe fi; fdB e'Jh pzdk fpBK e;{o s'A cK;h ukVQ fdZsk ikt/ ,;koh wB[Zysk ebzes j' iKdh j?.

wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk ftPk pVk tZvk ns/ pVk fybko/ tkbk j?, fe;/ fJZebh fb\s dk w[Eki BjhA j';edk. fJj ;w[Zuh wB[Zysk dh ftuko dk w[Zdk j?, brksko ns/ fpBK nNe/ ftuko dk w[Zdk.

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pj[s jh ;fseko :'r vkH e[bdhg f;zx Xho, vkH ioB?b f;zx, iNkDk ;kfjp, fgqz;hgb ;kfjp, ekbid/ ;Nk| w?Apo ns/ fgnko/ ftfdnkoEhU. pj[s jh nZSk bZrk fe fJ; ;?whBko ftu jo gZy s/ pj[s uoukj' u[Zeh j?. t?;/ sK wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk ftPk nfijk j? fi; T[s/ pj[s fInkdk ;?whBko nk:'fis j[zd/ jB.fizBh fJ; ftP/ *s/ uouk j' ojh j?, Human Rights T[~B/ Voilate th j' oj/ jB go fJj ;?whBko pkeh;?whBkoK s'A jN e/ fJe N'fge s/ jh ehsk ik fojk j?. fi; dh Relevance ƒ ;wMD dh th Io{os j?fiZE/ fJ; ;?whBko ftu Human Rights dk ftPk fbnk frnk j? T[~E/ fJ; Bkb d' rZbK j'o Civilizationand Culture in Emerging Globalized World th bJh rJ/ jB, j[D fJ; d/ context ftu rZb j'o thimportant pD iKdh j? fit/A fe nbZr^nbZr ftfPnK ƒ S'fjnk frnk j? s/ nZi ekB|oz; d/ d{i/ fdB thAudience ftu Seriousness j? id fe :{Bhtof;Nh ftu Seriousness xZN d/yh iKdh j?.

w?A fJ; ekbi Bkb pVh d/o s'A i[fVnK j'fJnk jK fJj ekbi :{Bhtof;Nh d/ uzr/ ekbiK ftu frfDnkiKdk j?. gzikp d/ E'VQ/ ekbiK ƒ jh Vocational course fwb/ ;h. fJ; ekbi ƒ d' Vocational course fwb/jB.

Civilization and Culture in Globalized World dk ftPk iok jZN e/ j?. wB[Zyh nfXekoK pko/ ek|hrZb j' u[Zeh j?. fJj eh j?< ;kfonK ƒ gsk j? fJe gP{ ;wki j[zdk j? s/ fJe wB[Zyh ;wki. gP{ ;wkis/ wB[Zyh ;wki ftu w[Zy nzso fJjh j? fe gP{ ;wki ftu Rule of the jungle j[zdk j? fijVk seVk j[zdkj? T[j ;G e[M b? iKdk j?. wkV/ dk e'Jh jZe BjhA. fJ; d/ T[bN fJe civilized ;';kfJNh j? wB[Zyh ;wkij? fiZE/ jo fJe Human being d/ e[M Bk e[M nfXeko j[zd/ jB n"o T[j Right fiBQK s'A p}?o T[j ;BwkB:'rlife BjhA ih ;edk, soZeh BjhA eo ;edk, fIzdrh Bkb bVkJh BjhA eo ;edk. T[; ƒ n;hA human rightefj fdzd/ jK. Human right pko/ th rZbK j'JhnK jB, fJ; dh P[o{nks pko/ th rZbK j'JhnK jB. ;G s'AgfjbK w?rBk ekoNk s'A P[o{ eod/ j'J/ fJ; dh Constitution fbyh ik ;e/ b/feB fJj sK pj[s pknd dhrZb j? vkH Xho B/ nbZr^nbZr nzd'bBK dhnK rZbK dk T[dkjoBK b? e/ nbZr^nbZr XowK dhnK rZbKehshnK jB. ;kv/ Xow ftu sK human right pj[s g[okDk j? T[dkjoD ti'A 7thA ;dh d/ fJ;bkw dh rZbeodk jK feT[Afe Equality i' j?. It is (fuel) key to human right. Equality s'A fpBK human rights dh rZbjh BjhA j' ;edh. T[j d/ ftu fJe rZb B[wkfJnk ehsh iKdh j? fe (J/e jh ;c g/ yVQ/ j' rJ/ HHHHHHBke'Jh pzdk Bk e'Jh fBtk;).

ftPtheoB d/ ;zdoG ftZu wB[Zyh nfXeko,;ZfGnsk ns/ ;ZfGnkuko

Dr. J.A. Khan*

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fJe gfjbk pzdk fi; B/ fJj rZb ehsh fijVh fe Equality dh rZb ehsh rJh T[; ;[;kfJNh ftuEquality dh rZb ehsh rJh, fco Sikhism dh rZb b? bJhJ/. gfjbK rZbK j'JhnK J/e B{o s/ ;G iZrT[gfinK e'D Gb/ e' wzd/. fJ; dk concept fJj ;kohnK rZbK gfjbK jh w'i{d ;h go id'A constitutionalorigin dh rZb eod/ jK 1915 ftu w?rBk ekoNk pfDnk. fJzrb?v ftu T[; dhnK e[Zb öó Clauses ;Bfe; jkbks ftu pfDnk fJe oki/ d/ fybk| prkts j'Jh. prkts dh tiQk eoe/ T[; ƒ e[M politicalconcession b'eK ƒ d/D/ gJ/ fJj human right j? fco 1791 ftu :{Hn?;HJ/H ftu nkJ/, fco universaldeclaration of human rights 1948 ftu j'Jh. fco 2nd World War s'A pknd fizB/ th w[be nkIkd j'J/T[jBK d/ ;zftXkBK ftu rights dk \k; s"o *s/ fIeo ehsk frnk id Human rights dh n;hA rZb eod/jK fe Human rights d/D/ fe; B/ j?r/< It is through the Govt. of the country. fijV/ w[beK d/ Politicalsystem j? T[jBK d/ through human rights execute j[zd/ jB fi; fe;w dk political system j't/rk, T[;fe;w dh human rights dh Quality j't/rh.

id'A n;hA 2nd World War s'A pknd dh rZb eod/ jK Civilization and Cultural in the EmergingGlobalized World T[j d/ ftu eh j?< T[j d/ ftu fJZe nzso okPNoh gZXo *s/ pj[s tXhnk feskp Sghfi; ƒ S.P. jfNzrB PkfJd Author dk Bkw s[;hA ;[fDnk j't/rk. Clash of civilization pj[s jh importantbook j?. T[; B/ T[jd/ ftu fejk j? first cold war era d/ ftu fijVh conflict j? ;z;ko ftu T[j it willbe on religion and cultural identities of the people s/ fizBk sBkU j? nzsookPNoh gZXo *s/ T[j b'eK dhreligion identity or cultural identity d/ nkb/^d[nkb/ j?. fJj S.P. jfNzrB dk Ehf;; ;h fijVh fe T[;B/ nkgDh feskp d/ o{g ftu fdZsk clash of civilization s/ id w?A fJj topic gfVQnk ;h sK w?ƒimmediately strike ehsk fe fijV/ pzd/ B/ ;?whBko dk title suggest ehsk j? T[j pj[s jh gfVQnk fbfynkj'Dk T[; B/ clash of civilization th gfVQnk j'Dk, West vs the Rest th gfVQnk j'Dk. S.P. jfNzrB B/ fejkfe world level *s/ 6 civilization jB. On the basis of their culture and religion T[j d/ ftu primarily2 civilization dh rZb ehsh. fJe fJ;bkfwe ;fGnsk s/ fJe western civilization T[j efjzdk j? fe fJjd/ftu i' clash ub fojk j? fe western civilization fJj wzBdh j? fe nZi competition d/ ftu i/ e'Jhcivilization j? sK T[j fJ;bkfwe j?. i/ ;kƒ e'Jh civilization s'A \sok j? sK fJ;bkfwe civilization s'Aj? ns/ fJ; d/ Impact s[;hA d/y/ B/ fJj dk Impact eh j'fJnk world level dhnK fizBhnK conflicts jBfit/A fJoke dh problem ;kv/ ;kjwD/ j?, ncrkfB;skB dh j?, fezB/ level s/ fijVhnK human rightsviolation j'JhnK.

d{;oh culture dh w?A rZb eoBh j? fe culture fJ; ;?whBko ftu fet/A fcZN j[zdk j? fe West vs therest fe ;kv/ ;ko/ world *s/ jkth j'fJnk fgnk pkeh ;kv/ S'N/^S'N/ ebuo j?r/, jo fJe w[be dk jofyZs/ dk nkgDk^nkgDk ebuo j?, nkgDh^nkgDh GkPk j?, ebuo ftu ;kohnK political values th nkiKdhnK jB ;kvh GkPk, ofjD^;fjD dk sohek s/ ;kvk ykD^ghD dk sohek th nk iKdk j?, i/eo n;hAhuman rights violation d/ point of view s'A d/yhJ/ sK jo ;wki d/ jo tor ƒ nkgDk District ebuoMaintain eoB dh fJZE/ g{oh nkIkdh j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fJj ;kvk human right j?, fundamental right j?b/feB fi; fe;w dk N?eBkb'ih B/ world g?dk ehsk j[D/ jh gq'H ;kfjp rZb eo oj/ ;h fe N?eBkb'ih B/world ƒ J?Bk B/V/ b? nKdk j? n;hA n?Bk fJe d{i/ s'A gqGkfts j' rJ/ ns/ westren ebuo \k; s"o *s/

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;kv/ b'eb ebuo ƒ swallow eo fojk j?. fJj jh UNO dh fog'oN ;h fe 600 S'NhnK^S'NhnK GkPKtK(They are in dangerous zone) PkfJd \sw jh j' ikD go w?A gzikph ƒ include BjhA eodk, ukj/ T[jBKB/ sK ehsk j'fJnk feT[Afe ;kvh T[j y[P fe;wsh efj bU iK pdfe;wsh efj bU. ;kv/ w[be ftZu theh j?< GkPktK ƒ Xow Bkb i'fVnk j'fJnk j?. gzikph GkPk \sw BjhA j' ;edh fJj ;kƒ gsk. fJzvhnkfJ;/ eoe/ jh pfunk j'fJnk j?. fJj sK j? international level dk ;BkohU fi;d/ ftu n;hA human rightdh rZb eod/ jK n"o human right dh rZb j[zdh j? fe fezB/ human rights jB. e'Jh 50 dh fb;N b? b?Adk,e'Jh 05 dh s/ e'Jh fezB/ dh. fJjBK dh e'Jh definitely list BjhA pDk ;fenk. fJj nfXeko time to timechange j[zd/ ofjzd/ B/ nZi e'Jh right eZbQ e'Jh right for example i/eo e[M ;wK gfjbK fe;/ d/ fpibhBjhA j[zdh ;h sK T[; dk e'Jh right BjhA j?rk nZi i/ fe;/ dh e'Jh fpibh eZN/ sK human right wj{o/ nkiKd/ jB. nZi fe;/ ƒ w?vheb aid Bk fdU sK T[j human right dk w[Zdk pD iKdk j?. w?vheb aid s'Ab? e/ n?i{e/PB sZe ;kok e[M human right d/ y/so ftu nk frnk j?. Right To Information ;oekoK dhfunctioning pko/ ;kv/ e'b proper information j'Dh ukjhdh dk nfXeko pD frnk j?. n"o id n;hAwB[Zyh nfXekok dh rZb eo oj/ jK sK ;kƒ nkgDh w[be pko/ th E'VQh fijh rZb eoBh ukjhdh nk idpV/^pV/ pzd/, Upkwk tor/ pzd/, ;kv/ w[be ftu wB[Zyh nfXeko pko/ rZb eo ;ed/ jB ;kƒ th fJ; ;N/i s'A Io{o rZb eoBh ukjhdh j? w?ƒ bZfrnk fe vkH Xho B/ ehsh th j'Dh fe Upkwk ƒ fJj efjDk fgnk,c/o ik e/ fejk, nwohek ftu fe fJj rKXh dk w[be j? J/E/ religious tolrence pj[s Io{oh j? fe Indiadh \{p;{osh religious tolrence s/ j? fijVh unfortunately India ftu'A \sw j[zdh ik ojh j?, feT[Afe IndiafJe pluralist country j? different races, different religion, different culture d/ pzd/ J/E/ ofj oj/ jB.w[be dh development dk ;kok dko'wdko fJ; uhI *s/ depend eodk j? fe n;hA co-adjust eo bJhJ/.

;kƒ seriously ;'uDk ukjhdk j? fe religion d/ pko/ th wB[Zyh nfXeko j? i' fe pVk important rightsj? ns/ i/ n;hA gzikp d/yhJ/ ;kvk nkgDk ;{pk gzikp dh Xosh sK n?;h Xosh j? fiE/ H.R. ƒ Protect eoBtk;s/ pj[s tZvhnK^tZvhnK e[opkBhnK fdZshnK rJhnK j[D/ r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dh rZb j' ojh ;h, r[o{s/} pjkdo ih dh w[}b je{ws Bkb e'Jh personal bVkJh BjhA ;h f;o| fJjh ;h fe b'eK ƒ Ipod;shreligion convert ehsk iKdk ;h ns/ T[jBK B/ nZr/ ik e/ fJe e[opkBh dh fw;kb g/P ehsh. fJ;/ soQK;kfjpIkfdnK B/ freedom tk;s/ e[opkBh fdZsh. w[be dh nkIkdh bJh th gzikp B/ tZX uVQ e/ fjZ;k fbZsk,T[j nkgD/ nkg ftu fw;kb j?. fJ;/ soQK emergency d/ ;w/A fijVk nekbh db B/ w'ouk brkfJnkekro; d/ fybk| T[j th fJe fw;kb j? fe gzikp ftu'A fezBh wB[Zyh nfXekoK tk;s/ bVkJh bVh ik ojhj? ns/ Bkb jh fBnkJ/ekoh dh example fe fBnK^gkfbek dh i;fN; tk;s/ ;ko/ Go/ dopko d/ ftunZieZbQ sK rZbK efjDhnK pVhnK n;kB jB. democracy dk IwkBk j?, whvhnk j?rk, go T[; IwkB/ftu rZb efjDh fJe d/P d/ pkdPkj d/ dopko ftu fe w?A BjhA vodk i' s{z eoh ik fojk T[j fBnK BjhA,T[j fJ;bkw d/ fybk| j?. ekbi ftu j'J/ fJj wB[Zyh nfXekoK pko/ ;?whBko dh w?A Pbkxk eodk jK.

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wB[Zyh nfXeko j? eh< fJjBK wB[Zyh nfXekoK dh ;koEesk nekdfwe ftP/ ti'A BjhA, wB[Zyh ;o{gti'A th ;kƒ ;[u/s eodh j?. wB[Zyh nfXeko dh rZb d[BhnK ftZu id'A s[oh ;h, T[d'A Xow BjhA ;h. d[BhnKftu fJj T[d'A s[oh id'A fjNbo B/ nfXeko y'jD/ P[o{ ehs/. gfjb/ ftPt :[ZX 1914 B/ d' uhIK jh g/PehshnK. d[BhnK dk fJfsjk; bVkJhnK tkbk fJfsjk; ;h. wB[Zy d/ nzdo d/ gP{ ƒ fJ; nzdo d/ Gktƒ fijVk n;bhns dh rZb eodk j?. fJ; n;bhns ƒ wkBt B/ jh pDkfJnk j?. w[ZYb/ s"o *s/ n;hA vod/jK, fPeko eod/ jK s/ T[; ;w/A ftZu r[bkw ƒ G[Zy/ P/oK nZr/ gk fdZsk iKdk ;h. e'Jh j'o wjZstg{oD wzrfJ; d/ pokpo BjhA ;h. fJe tko wjkswk p[ZX ƒ nkBzd B/ g[ZfSnk, GrtkB ;koh ;ZukJh s[jkv/ e'b j?.GrtkB B/ fejk ;kok ftPk w/o/ e'b BjhA j?. GrtkB wjKtho fi; o[Zy j/mK p?m/ ;h T[; d/ gZs/ s'V e/ g[ZfSnkfe fJj eh j?< efjzd/ GrtkB gZs/ jB.w/o/ jZE ftu fJ; doZys d/ e[ZM gZs/ B/. nBzs w/o/ e'b th ;koh d[BhnKdh ;ZukJh BjhA, E'VQh fijh ;ZukJh j?. E'VQk fijk nfj;k; w/o/ e'b j?. fJj ;Zu jo fe;/ e'b nkw j?.jo:[Zr B/ nkgD/ ;w/A dh tzrko ƒ w{zj s'VtK itkp fdZsk feT[Afe T[jBK d/ gZb/ ;Zu ;h.

r[o{ ;kfjp B/ th fejk j? fe i' e[ZM eoBk j? eo, wB[Zy B/ fi; soQK ihT[Dk j?, T[; ƒ fiT[D fdU.r[opkDh s/ r[o{nK B/ fJjh f;ykfJnk j? fe fe;/ ƒ wip{o Bk eo'. nkgD/ ;Zu ƒ d{finK s/ m';' Bk. jojkb jh fJB;kB nIkd g?dk j[zdk j? go jo ;w/A izIhoK ftZu iefVnk ofjzdk j? feT[Afe wB[Zy izwdk sKnkikd j?, go n;hA T[; ƒ fjzd{ pDk fdZsk, fe;/ ƒ ekIh pDk fdZsk fe;/ ƒ t?P pDk fdZsk. fJj ;G tzvhnKgk fdZshnK. n;hA wB[Zy ƒ Xow dk fjZ;k pDk fdZsk. yzv pqfjwzv dk wZB[y ƒ tzvh pDk fdZsk. iksK^gksKftu tzv fdZsk. n"os wodK d/ d' yzvK ftu tzv fdZsk. bVehnK wkJh Gkr', phph PoB e"o dhnK G?DKpDk fdZshnK.

Gkosh gozgok B/ n"os ƒ g?o dh i[Zsh, sgZf;nk ftZu o[ektN efj e/ T[; e'b'A T[; dk ;BwkB y'jfbnk Gkt/A fe ;koh d[BhnK B/ n"os ƒ p[ok BjhA fejk go pj[ frDsh j' ekoB fJj xZN frDshnK ƒ wzBDkwIp{oh pD frnk. fJj ;[B/jk xZN frDshnK tZb'A pj[ frDsh ƒ gj[zukfJnk frnk Gkosh gozgok Xkofwegozgok ;h. f;Zy gozgoktK s'A gfjbK Xkofwe gozgoktK ƒ b'eK nZr/ fJ; soK g/P ehsk frnk fit/A feT[j tzv/ j'J/ j'D. fit/A Gkosh ozr wzu d/ wzvg ftZu th nfGB/sktK dh tzv eo fdZsh rJh fe oki/ dk gksoT[~u ;EkB s/ p?m/rk s/ T[j yZsoh iks Bkb ;pzXs j't/rk wzsoh dk gkso T[; s'A j/mb/ ;EkB s/ ns/ P{dosK pDdk jh P{do ;h fJ;/ gqeko doPeK dh th tzv ehsh j'Jh fwbdh j? T[jBK ƒ th iksK ns/ o[sp/ nB[;ko\kfBnK ftZu tzv e/ fpmkfJnk iKdk ;h doPe th tzv/ j'J/ ;B ns/ nfGB/skrD th tzv/ j'J/ ;B fJ; gqeko

wB[Zyh nfXeko, ;ZfGnsk ns/ ;ZfGnkuko

vkH e[bdhg f;zx Xho*

(xlvi)

T[j gfjbk ;wK ;h id'A ;wki d/ nfXeko ;hfws eo fdZs/ rJ/.n;b ftZu Xow dk nkozG jh wkBth nfXekoK dh okyh bJh j'fJnk j?. ghoK, g?}zpoK d/ iBw b?D

s/ fco T[jBK d/ ;zd/PK B/ pko^pko wB[Zyh nfXekoK dh gkbDk dk jh fB:w fdZsk T[jBK B/ tko^tko fdqVQeotkfJnk coI s/ nfXeko ‘jZe gokfJnk BkBek T[; ;[no T[;[ rkfJ]* ftZu j?. n"os d/ jZe ftZu nktkIp[bzd eofdnK fejkL

Gzfv izwhn?, Gzfv fBzwhn?,Gzfv wzrD thnkj[]Gzfv j't/ d';shHHHHHHGzvj[ ubfj okj[]Gzfv w[nk Gzfv Gkbhn?Gzfv j't? pzXkB[];' feT[ wzdk nkyhnfjfis[ izwfj okikB[]

nkX[fBe :[Zr ftZu T[jBK jZeK dh oytkbh dk ezw pVk n"yk j' iKdk j? id'A n;hA I[pkB s'A e[M j'oefjzd/ jK go fdb dh nktkI e[M j'o p'b ojh j[zdh j?. r[o[ BkBe d/t ih B/ cowkfJnk j?

rbh n;hA uzrhnK nkukoh p[ohnkj]wB'A e;[Xk ekbhnK pkjo'A fuNtjhnK]

HHHHn;hA wB' e[M j'o jK s/ n;b e[M j'oHHHHfJe ftjko dh, eow dh, p'bdh, pkDh dh, wB dh, eowdh, toD dh fJj fijVh J/esk j?, wB[Zy ƒ wB[Zy wzBdh j?. j[D fJj rZb ;wM nk rJh j? e'Jh fjzd{ pD/,e'Jh w[;bwkB pD/ go Bk fjzd{ p[ok j? Bk w[;bwkB p[ok j?.pkpo w[;bwkB ;h, gkg th eo fojk ;h. rBhyK, Bph yK th w[;bwkB ;h, wodkBk ;koh T[wo pkp/ BkBe Bkb ;kJ/ tKr fojk. r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fejk j?Bk fjzd{ p[ok j? BK w[;bwkB p[ok j? nkds/ p[okJh g/ s'A p; fJB;kB p[ok j?. p[ok sK pzdk j?.

;kfjpIkfdnK dh Pjhdh tZb fXnkB ehsk ikt/ sK N'vo wZb th T[~E/ p?mk ;h, ;[ZukBzd th T[~E/ p?mk;h, w'sh wfjok th T[~E/ p?mk ;h i/ tIho yK B/ S'N/ ;kfjpIkfdnK ƒ Pjhd eotkfJnk ;h sK Btkpwb/oe'Nb/ dh fJfsjk; ftu fiT{Adh ikrdh fw;kb fwbdh j? fiZE/ T[j ni/ th p?m/ B/.

wB[Zy dh wB[Zy d/ s"o *s/ ;thfeqsh iK gfjukD, wB[Zy d/ jZeK dh gfjukD fi; d/ pko/ gZSw ftu rZbKj[ZdhnK jB. gZSw s'A pj[s e[M f;Zfynk iKdk j? fit/A gZSw jh wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk nbzpodko j't/. gZSwB/ fJj nfXeko BjhA ;h fdZsk. 1602 JhH dh rZb j? gfjbh tko fBT{NB B/ fJj rZb ejh ;h fi Xosh fijVh;{oi d[nkb/ x[zwdh j? ;{oi Xosh d[nkb/ BjhA. fJ; rZb bJh T[; ƒ p/VhnK gk e/, ;zrb gk e/ PoQ/nkwu"Ae ftueko ;Ik fdZsh ;h. fJj gZSw jh j? ‘‘ijK s' pKs eoB/ e' so;sh j? i[pK@. T[E/ rZb BjhA ejhik ;edh gZSw B/ 1642 ftu rbhbhU ƒ ckj/ bk fdZsk ;h. T[j nZm ;kb nwBk j' e/ wkfonk, w[nk|hnKth wzrhnK, frV^frVkfJnk th T[; dk fJjh e;{o ;h fe T[; ƒ fJj rZb BjhA efjD fdZsh fe ;{oi yb'skBjhA ;h. pkJhpb ftu f;oc J/Bk e[ jh nkT[Adk j?. fJj fJe fwZE j?. r[o{ ;kfjp efjzd/ jB fe G? ftuub? bZy dfonkU] Xosh jh ubdh j? ;{oi yb'sk j?. Xosh s/ ;kvk ;kok ;'bo f;;Nw uZb fojk j?.

(xlvii)

;{oi BjhA uZb fojk. fi; rb?e;h Bkb ;{oi nkT[Adk j? T[j nkgD/ nkg ubdh j? gsk BjhA fezBhnK e[rb?e;hnK B/. fJj ;Zu efjDk, fJj rZbK efjDhnK, gZSw ftu sK T[jBK B/ gqtkB BjhA ehsk s/ fJj rZbefjD tkfbnK ƒ th go/PkB ehsk frnk, go ;kvh Xosh s/ fJj rZb r[o{ BkBe d/t ih tZb'A T[; ;w/A ftuefj fdZshnK rJhnK id'A T[; ƒ cstk bk fdZsk frnk ;h. T[d'A sK J/E/ fJj rZbK efj fdZshnK rJhnK;h. J/;/ soQK gsk T[d'A jh bZrdk j? id'A ;/e bZrdk j?, efj fdZsk iKdk j? ‘p?;zso d/tsk fijVk nrBhA’dk d/tsk j?.

iowBh ftu id'A fjNbo B/ spkjh wukJh sK e'Jh ej/ sK ;jh fe s{z gkg dh izM b? e/ nkfJnk. r[o{;kfjp B/ (fJ; soQK dh ;'u ;ko/ ;z;ko ftu gkJh iKdh j?) ed/ fJj ;'funk BjhA ;h. T[jBK B/ wkBthjZeK dh nktkI okfinK d/ ;kjwD/ p[bzd ehsh.

n;hA gqtkB jh BjhA ehsk fe n"os B/ bVek BjhA izfwnk. T[; ƒ fJj BjhA gsk fe fJ; dh fIzw/tkon"os BjhA j?. X ns/ Y Chromosome fwb e/ pZuk pDdk j? id fe fJj ;G e[dos d/ tZ; j?. e[dosƒ gsk ;h wB[Zy fJ; ikb ftu c;/rk. e[dos ftu wB[Zy ns/ ikBtoK ftu, gzShnK ftu fJjh |oe j?fe T[j Bo wkdk ik+ ftZu c;d/ jB. pKdoK ƒ gsk j? fe pKdo ns/ pKdoh B/ pKdohnK jh izwhnK jB.e[dos ƒ gsk j? fe ep{so ep{sohnK ƒ tZy BjhA eoBr/ go wkBt dk fJj e[VhnK pko/ efjDk feL

e[VhnK sK e[VhnK B/ e[VhnK dk eh J/<e[VhnK sK fuVhnK B/ e[VhnK dk eh J/<

r[o{ ;kfjp B/ sK fejk j? fe godk BjhA eoBk, x[zv BjhA eZYDk, x[zv eZY e/ dopko *u BjhA p?mDks[;h. r[o{ ;kfjp B/ sK iks^gks ftu th e'Jh |oe BjhA ehsk.

Bhuk nzdo Bhu iks Bhuh j{z nfs Bhu]

w/oh tZfvnK Bkb e'Jh oh; BjhA, ;kv/ gzi fgnko/ th, GkJh dfJnk f;zx, Xow f;zx, fjzws f;zx,;kfjp f;zx ns/ GkJh w'jew f;zx BkJh th j?, yZsoh th j?, fMT{o th j?, e'Jh tZyosk BjhA ;h, fe;/ B/BjhA fejk fe s[;hA tZyo/^tZyo/ j'.

wkB; eh iks ;G? J/e? gfjukBp']

e'Jh fes'A nk fojk, e'Jh fes'A nk fojk, r[o{ ;kfjp r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu th dZ;d/ jB fe BkBe BkwuVQdh ebk, s/o/ GkD/ ;opZs dk Gbk. e'Jh iks dk pzXB BjhA .f;Zy dh nodk; Gkt/ ftneshrs j't/ iK;w{fje j't/ fJj T[; dk Io{oh nzr j?. fJ; ftu e'Jh nzso BjhA j?. Gkt/A Bhbk skok j' ikt/ T[; s'A pkndth fJjh nodk; ehsh ikdh j?. Gkt/A fdZbh dzr/ j' ikD, GktA/ fJzdok rKXh dk G'r j't/ nodk; T[~E/ th;opZs d/ Gb/ dh jh j't/rh.

wƒ ;kvh dksoh n;hA wƒ d/ ;'J/.fiT[A fiT[A wƒ tZYdk n;hA d{D ;tkJ/ j'J/..

;', ukj/ S'Nk xZb{xkok j't/, ukj/ tZvk xZb{xkok j't/. nodk; fJj' jh j'Dh j?. f;Zy dh nodk; fJjhj? fe T[j ;w{fje s"o *s/ wzr//, b[Ze e/ BjhA wzrDk. 100 pzfdnK ‘u th T[j rZb eoBh j?, xo nk e/ thT[jh rZb eoBh j?.

(xlviii)

nZi d/ :[Zr d/ pZu/ ezfgT{No d/ :[Zr ftZu rZb ;G ƒ fJPko/ Bkb ;wMk iKd/ jB. rZbK T[jh B/, e'JhBthnK rZbK BjhA (e'Jh pks BJh pks BjhA j'sh) f;oc rZbK T[jh B/ nzdkI tZyok j?. id'A^id'A th wB[Zys'A wB[Zy ƒ s'fVnk ikt/rk, wB[Zy Bkb p/fJB;k|h j't/rh, g[nkV/ g?Dr/, T[d'A rZbK j'DrhnK, MrV/ j'Dr/,wkBth jZeK dh rZb j't/rh.

;zB 1948 s'A pknd th gZSw ftZu fJBebkp j'J// 1988 ftZu fJzrb?v u, 1789 ftu coK; *u, 1917JhL ftu o{; ftu eqKsh nkJh. fJjBK fszBk dk ;pzX wB[Zyh nfXekoK Bkb j?. gzikp ftu eqKsh 1688, 1789ns/ 1917 s'A gfjbK nk rJh. pkp/ BkBe dk iBw Bkb jh 1469 Jh ftu eqKsh nkJh ;h, wB[Zyh nfXekoKdh rZb jh sK ;h fe r[o{ ;kfjp B/ fejk BK e'Jh fjzd{, Bk w[;bwkD/. fJB;kB sK ukj[zdk j? fe ‘‘w/o/Bkb^Bkb uZb/ pJh froXkoh bkb@. J/; soQK BjhA j'Dk. ;Zu fijVk fB:wK w[skpe ubdk j?. T[j f;XKsjh T[gik oj/ jB. ftseok eoBk, Bkb/ eokT[Dk nfXeko BjhA j? jo EK pokpo ofjDk nfXeko j?, fJB;kBe'Jh th Xow ngDk ;ed/ j?, e'Jh th ;z;Ek ;Ekgs eo ;edk j?, e[M th p'b ;edk j?, e'Jh u'D bV;edk j?, Bkrfoe pD ;edk j?, t'N gk ;edk j?. Xow, iks, nwhoh^rohph d/ BK s/ ftseok BjhA ehskik ;edk go ni/ ftseok j' fojk j?. fJj wkBth nfXekoK dk ftPk dk o;sk, fJj o;sk bVB tkbkj?. fJj I[pkB dk o;sk BjhA, r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ƒ iB/T{ gfjBD tk;s/ fejk ;h. fJj iB/T{ s[;hA w/o/ gkfdU sK i/eo fJj iB/T{ w?bk j' ikt/ sK fJ; ƒ X'Dk Bk gt/ w/o/ eZgV/ cN ikD go fJj cN Bk ikt/. fJjw/o/ ;oho Bkb oj/ ib Bk ikt/. fJ; bJh r[o[ ;kfjp B/ fJj fejk fe w?A BjhA fJj gkT[/Dk. fJj iB/T{s[;hA gkT[d/ j' sK eh T[j pZeok BjhA yk ;edk s/ T[; iB/T{ ƒ pukT[D bJh r[o[ s/r pjkdo ih B/ fdZbhftu nkgDk f;o fdZsk.

r[o[ rqzE ;kfjp ftu ;{odk; th p?mk, othdk; th p?mk, epho i[bkjk th p?mk, okwkBzd th p?mk j?.T[; ftu fiZE/ n;hA r[o{ noi[B, r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ƒ d/yd/ jK T[E/ n;hA pkpk cohd ih ƒ th d/yd/ jK.

;' nZi ;wK j? fe n;hA rZbK BK eohJ/ nwb eohJ/. ;wkBsk pko/ rZb eohJ/ ;G ƒ ;wkB jZe d/;ehJ/. ;G bJh ;opZs dk Gbk wzrhJ/ ;wkB jZeK bJh bVhJ/.

(xlix)

ekbi dh wB/iw?AN d/ tkJh; u/now?B, ;eZso iNkDk ;kfjp, fgqz;hgb ;[ow[Zy f;zx ih w/o/ ;kjwD/

p/m? c?ebNh w?Apo, pkjo'A nkJ/ v?bhr/N; s/ fgnko/ ftfdnkoEhU. iNkDk ;kfjp dk go;'A ;[B/jk fwfbnk

gzikph dk T[j nykD ;Zdh j'Jh fwZsoK dh g?ohA i[Zsh Bk gktK, ek|h P?fvT{b fpIh ;h, go feT[Afe wB d/

ftZu fJZe ;[gBk j? s/ T[j ;[gBk j? \k; s"o *s/ gzikp d/ fgzvK d/ pZfunK ftZu ;[gB/ phiD dk, fJ; eoe/

i[nkp d/D dk ;tkb jh g?dk BjhA ;h j[zdk s/ d{ih rZb fJj fJ; ekbi ftZu w/ok d{;ok r/Vk j? s/ w?A nk;

eodk jK fe fi; soQK fJ; Xosh B/ g{o/ ftPt ftZu fJe b'n, fJZe feoB, nIkdh dh feoB irkJh ;h.

T[; Xosh s/ d[pkok wB[Zyh nfXekoK (Human Rights) dh rZb j' ojh j?.

w?A 1987 s'A whvhnk s/ gZsoekoh gVQk fojk jK n"o gZsoekoh iK ;kok whvhnk, P'Pb whvhnK,

c/;p[Ze, tZN;n?g, NftNo, i' n;hA nZi eo oj/ jK j[D sZe n;hA fe; soQK Human Rights dh rZb eo

oj/ jK, E'VQk fijk fJ; ftP/ ƒ touch eo/rk. u/now?B ;kfjp nk;Nq/bhnk d/ ftZu fBT{ Casstle:{Bhtof;Nh ftZu w?A e[M ;w/A bJh as a guest lecturer fojk ;K T[~E/ Human Rights s/ ekB|oz; j' ojh

;h w?ƒ th ;Zdk nk frnk. w?A fJzfvnk ƒ represent eo fojk ;K. I start my lecture with this, you aretalking about the human rights. w?A fi; country s'A nkfJnk jK w?A fejk fe w/o/ d/P ftZu right to liveT[; ƒ th j?, fi; ƒ n;hA nZyK Bkb BjhA d/y ;ed/. ;kvk i?B ;wki j? s/ T[jBK dh fJZe XkoBk j? T[j

w{zj s/ gZNh pzBQ e/ oZyd/ jB. fiZE/ jo fJZe ƒ fiT{D dk nfXeko j? f;o| wB[ZyK ƒ jh BjhA, iht^izs{nK

ƒ th j?. fJj T[j country j? fiZE/ iht izs{ jh BjhA, fJZE/ doZ\sK ƒ th g{fink iKdk j?. s[;hA ed/ T[;

BIohJ/ s'A d/fynk BjhA, jo S'N/ s'A S'Nk iht fe;/ Bk fe;/ d/th d/ts/ Bkb i[fVnk j'fJnk j?. T[; d/ fgZS/

fJjh XkoBk j? id'A w?A fJj rZb ehsh w?A rZb sK ehsh, w/o/ d/P dh fJZIs dk f\nkb ;h go eh ;uw[Zu

w?A mhe p'fbnk ;h, w/o/ pZu/ d;ZDr/. ;G s'A gfjbK right to birth j? fijV/ human rights dh n;hA rZb

eod/ jK fJ; ftZu natural rights, legal rights, fundamental rights, so many rights fejk, w?A s[jkƒ gqPB

g[ZSdk jK fe ;kvk fJZe natural right j?< Right to live fiT{D dk nfXeko fijVk iBw s'A gfjbK dh rZb

eodk j?. pZfuU dZ;' Iok ;kvk right to birth jZe. ;kvk sK right to birth violate j' frnk s/ nZi th j'

fojk j?. fijVh Xosh s/ d[BhnK dh ;G s'A tZv/ fJBebkp dh Xosh cfsjrVQ ;kfjp, T[~E/ pZuhnK d/ esb

j' oj/ B/ feT[Afe T[jBQK ƒ izwD BjhA fdZsk iKdk.n;hA human rights dh rZb sK eo ;ed/ jK, id'A n;hA

fJ; ƒ right to birth d/ Bkb i'VKr/ fJ; soQK i'V fdZsk iKdk j? s{z w[zvk BjhA s?ƒ izwD dk nfXeko BjhA.

Violation T[d'A jh P[o{ j' iKdh j?. fJZe iBw s'A o'e fojk, fJZe equality violate eodk, w[zvk e[Vh ftu

HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE INEMERGING GLOBALISED WORLD

Dr. HarjinderSingh Walia*

(l)

right to equality th j?, fJZE/ th violation. fJe tko fJe ;kX{ nkfJnk T[; B/ fejk ikU, T[; ƒ xV/

ftu'A eZY e/ fbnkU. T[; xV/ ftZu' pZuh ƒ eZfYnk frnk pZuh ni/ fiT{Adh ;h, s[jkƒ gsk w?A fgzv pvo[Zy/

dh rZb eo fojk jK gsk T[; pZuh B/ fe; ƒ iBw fdZsk. T[; B/ iBw fdZsk ;h wjkokik oDihs f;zx

ƒ. go n;hA human right violation gfjbK jh P[o{ eo fdZsh. izwD s'A gfjbK right to inequality dh rZb

eo oj/ ;h feT[A pJh tZv/ xo'A fBebD bZrh e[Vh ƒ efjzd/ jB fe s{z ibdh nk ikthA, jBQ/ok Bk eohA,

fJZXo^T[~Xo Bk d/yh, d/yh fes/ fgU dh gZr Bk o'b d/thA, e[Vh feZE/ o'bdh j? fgU dh gZr, T[j ƒ feT[A

BjhA efjzd/ i'' fgU dh gZr o'bD ƒ fsnko j?. Right to equality, I am talking about natural right, legalright, fundamental right fijV/ woIh s/ rZb eo bt' violation jo gZXo *s/ j?. id'A w?A T[~E/ p'fbnk sK

w/o/ d/P dh fJZIs dk ;tkb ;h. d/P dh fJZIs \kso eJh tko u[Zg th ofjDk g?Adk j?. eJh tko p'bDk

th g?Adk j?. fJ; soQK dh xNBk T[~E/ th tkgoh. pkjo'A nktkI nkJh 10^12 e[VhnK. fJZe rZvh, d' rZvhnK

o[ehnK fvZxh u[Zeh, jZEK ftZu phno, nktkI u[Zeh s/ vK; eoBk P{o{ eo fdZsk s/ w?A T[~E/ ;h. jBQ/o/ ftZu

;h. w?A d/fynk nZXk xzNk T[jBQK B/ o"bk gkfJnk, Pokph pZeo/ p[bkT[Ad/, T[j pZeohnK p[bkT[AdhnK ;h.

xzN/ e[ pknd id'A T[j pzd j'fJnk T[jBK d/ jZEK ftu e'e ;h s/ w?A fejk fe w?A s[jkvk rhs ;[fDnk ;h.

Very good fun id'A w?A T[; ƒ fejk sK T[; B/ fejk T[j' s[;hA ikrd/ ;h. ;'oh ` s[;hA r[Z;k ehsk j'Dk.

w?A fejk r[Z;k sK eh eoBk j?, Bkb jh w?A fJj rZb efj p?mk fe oks ƒ s[;hA 12^13 e[VhnK phno ghAdhnK,

s[jkƒ vo BjhA brdk. T[jBK B/ w/o/ tZb r"o Bkb d/fynK s/ fJZe B/ fejk fit/A w?A nihp ;tkb eo fbnk

j't/.

I see, you are from India. fJzvhnk ftZu e[VhnK oks ƒ fJZebhnK BjhA iKdhnK w?A u[Zg fojk s/ fejk

GbhwkD;/ i/ efjDk j[zdk fe s{z oks d/ 12 ti/ dh rZb eo ojh j? J/E/ sK fdB d/ 12 ti/ th ;/c BjhA.

fe;/ s/ th ftPtk; BjhA ehsk ik ;edk ed/ u[Zg ofjDk ed/ p'bDk g?Adk j?. H.R. dh rZb, go humanrights violation izwD s'A gfjbK P[o{ j{zdh j?. fJ; d/ g?okwhNo jB, fijV/ woIh BIohJ/ s'A d/yhJ/ ;kƒ

human rights violation nkT[Dh ;[Gkfte j?, ;' w? d/P ƒ d' fjZf;nK ftZu tzvdk j?. fJZe fjzd';skB ns/

d{;ok fJzvhnk. fJzvhnk PfjoK ftZu tZ;dk j?. T[j nwhoK dk j? fjzd';skB rohpK dk j?. T[j fgzvK ftZu

tZ;dk j?. fJjBK d'jk ftZu pj[s |oe j?. w?A efjzdk jK fi; rokT{Av Bkb w?A ;pzfXs jK eh T[j fjzd[;skB

dh rZb eodk j?< Human Rights fijV/ fjzd';skB d/ BK fJjBK dh rZb eodk j?< w?A fJZe ;tkb g[ZSdk

jK fe e?bkP ;fsnkoEh dk Bkw Noble Prize s'A gfjbK fe;/ B/ BjhA ;h ;[fDnk s/ ;kvk fjzd';skB dk

Bkw fwvhnk B/ feZE/ fbnk< n;hA human rights dh rZb eod/ jK, violation dh rZb eod/ jK, commonman dh rZb eod/ jK, fJZE/ feZE/ j?< fJ; dh rZb feZE/ eod/ jK fJjh rZb e?bkP ;fsnkoEh j? fi;ƒ e'Jh

n?tkov BjhA fwfbnk Bk gdw Pqh fwfbnk, BK ed/ B'pb fwfbnk ;h, ;kƒ BjhA BIo nkT[Adk. i/ ;kv/

fe;/ pzd/ B/ whvhnk ftZu nkT[Dk j?, i/ ;kv/ fe;/ pzd/ B/ nkgD/ human rights dh rZb eoBh j?. T[;ƒ

eh eoBk g?Adk j?< dkdo d/ e'b fJZe fv;fNqeN j? EkDk EkD/ d/ nzdo fJZe nzBQ/ d/ e'b fJZe wId{o, uko

pZu/ s/ T[; dh gsBh wId{oh eod/ B/, d' fszB j|s/ T[jBK dh wId{oh BjhA fwbh T[j nkgD/ m/e/dko e'b

frnk fe w?A nkgD/ pZfunK ƒ o'Nh ytkT[Dh j?. w?ƒ g?;/ fdU, T[j efjzdk nrb/ j|s/ nk ikJhA T[j bkok

bkT[Adk j? sK wId{o fJZe fdB r[Z;/ ftZu efjzdk j? fe s{z fdzBk< fe w?A e{b?eNo e'b iktK. m/e/dko jZ;

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fgnk efjzdk s{z e{b?eNo e'b jh ubk ik, T[j pzdk wId{o nkdwh e[b?eNo ƒ fwbD ubk frnk wId{o

ƒ Gbk e"D fJZIs fdzdk j?, go ewkb j' rJh T[j pzdk T[~E/ p?m frnk efjzdk w?A sK woB tos P[o{ eoB

bZrk Bkb T[; d/ pZu/ p?m rJ/ ;kv/ whvhnk B/ ;kv/ b'eK B/ T[;dk wIke T[vkfJnk tZvk rKXh p?mk. rKXh

dh o{j nk rJh. 28 fdB p?mk fojk. 28t/A fdB T[; dh w"s j' rJh. fi; fdB T[; dh w"s j' rJh ;ko/

whvhnk d/ u?Bb T[~E/ gj[zu rJ/ T[;/ fdB m/e/dko B/ 2 bZy T[; ƒ fdZsk T[;/ fdB e{b?eNo *s/ e/; nBkT[A;

j'fJnk. ;kv/ bJh fjzd{;skB *u nktkI T[mkT[D bJh ;kƒ eh eoBk g?Adk j?. nzBQ/ d/ tkr{z woBk g?Adk

j? iK fgqzz; tkr{z yZv ftZu fvZrDk g?Adk j? iK ;kv/, gfNnkb/ ikU, go"Amk wkoehN *u nkgD/ nkg ƒ nZr

bkT[Dh g?Adh j? sK s[;hA NhHthH s/ nkT[Ad/ j'. Where is human right? eh human rights T[jBK b'eK d/ B/<

fJj pZu/ w/o/ ;kjwD/ p?m/ B/` Common man d/ e'Jh human rights BjhA< ;kv/ Parents human rights dh

rZb eod/ B/. w[es;o dk w[zvk w[es;o dh e[Vh d'BQK B/ PEC ftZu n?vwhPB bJh phHN?~e bJh d'BQK dk

fgnko j' frnK n"o j'fJnk fe parents BjhA wzB/ fe T[j iks d/ nbZr ;h. d'BQ'A pZu/ uzvhrVQ Mhb s/ rJ/

;?o ehsh, BkYk ;kfjp ub/ rJ/, BkYk ;kfjp ik e/ T[jBK B/ e;w ykXh c/o Mhb s/ nk rJ/ s/ Mhb ftZu

Skb wko fdZsh. Human Rights s'A pkjo jo o'I n;hA violation dhnK \poK ;[Dd/ jK. pZfuU ` pfmzv/

dh \po gzikph fNqfpT{B dh headline fJZe eb:'rD wK d' XhnK ƒ SZv e/ GZi rJh. w?ƒ bZfrnK w?A

gZsoekoh dk gq'|?;o jK fe i' T[j dZ; fojk ;G e[M ;Zu j[zdk. w?A ;'funk fJ; d/ fgZS/ ub/ iktK. w?A T[;

pzd/ dh \po follow ehsh ;N'oh ƒ follow ehsk. w[e/ohnK dh e[Vh rohp xo *u g?dk j'Jh t?;/ sK rohph

ftZu g?dk j'Dk nkgD/ nkg ftZu Pokg j?. 18 ;kb dh e[Vh xofdnK B/ ftnkj fdZsh. fijV/ g/Av{ Bkb

ftnkjh, T[j Pokph fBefbnk, i' e[M r'jk e{Vk eo e/ fbnkfJnk eo/ T[j Pokph y'j fbnk eo/. d' pZu/

d' e[VhnK j' rJhnK ni/ T[; dh T[wo 22 ;kb ;h. fJZe fdB fe;/ pzd/ ƒ b? nkfJnk T[j Pokp dh bZs

g{oh eoB d/ bJh. T[j pu fBebh ftukoh okwg[ok c{b d/ e'b fJZe ;[oihs f;zx BK dk w[zvk T[; ƒ

NZefonK T[j pzd/ d/ xo tZ; rJh, y[P, GJh uZb fIzdrh ;[Zy dh j'T{. w[zvk g?dk j'fJnk ;kb pknd w[zvk

ni/ fszB uko wjhfBnK dk ;h ;[oihs ;kfjp th nkgD/ ozr ftykT[D bZr fgnk. T[j T[; ƒ efjzdk fe

jokw dh n"bkd j?. w/o/ xo fJj pZuhnK jokw dhnK B/ w?A BjhA oZydk po|h ftZu Ifjo gk e/ fbnkfJnk

efjzdk, “T[jBK ƒ y[nk”. pZuhnK wk;{w, uhIh ;wM e/ w?A uhIh ykDh j?. T[j efjzdh w/ok fdb eo/ w?A

jh yk btK go c/o w/o/ w[zv/ tZb f\nkb nk frnk efjzdh w?A T[jdhnK fwzBsk ehshnK fe nZi dh oks ofjD

d/ fJjBK ƒ e[M Bk eo s/ headline fdZsh ik ojh j? eb:'rD wK pZuhnK ƒ SZv e/ coko. fejV/ humanrights dh rZb T[jBK pZuhnK bJh T[; wK dh fi;B/ nkgDh fJZIs pukT[D bJh pZuhnK ƒ Bkb b? e/ GZih.

fgSb/ fdBK dh rZb j? fijV/ e?dhnK d/ fgZS/ w?A ezw eo fojk jK T[BQK ƒ fwbD n;hA cohde'N I/bQ

ftZu rJ/ audience address ehsh fe nkgk n"osK dh rZb ejhJ/. cohde'N I/bQ ftZu 71 n"osK ;B id'A

n;hA n?ANo j'J/ fijV/ pZu/ y/v oj/ ;B e'Jh fszB ;kb dk pZuk e'Jh gzi ;kb dk. w?A g[ZfSnk s/ok eh Bkw

j? fejV/ ;e{b ftZu gVQdk T[jBK ƒ gsk. w?A I/bQ ftZu jK T[; dh wK fgT[ dh rbsh s/ pZu/ I/bQ *u p?m/

B/, T[jBK pZfunK dk y/vD dk jZe (right to play) eh j?< eh T[jBK pZfunK dk y/vD dk fdb BjhA eodk.

d[BhnK dh fJZe feskp j? ;G ƒ suggest eodk jK fe 80 e[ gzfBnK dh feskp j?. T[j fijVk g?}zpo

Itkp fdzdk j?. What is love, what is marriage fJj fJe ;tkb pZu/ bJh th j? fe you are not themaster of the children, you are not the master. s[;hA wkbe BjhA pZfunk d/ s[;hA wkfgn; j' s/ pZu/ s[jkv/

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okjhA nkJ/. s[;hA fJjBK d/ wkbe pD/ p?m/ j' s/ eZbQ pZfunK d/ rights pko/ rZb eod/ jK n?seh fijV/ c?;p[Ze

s/ d/y ;ed/ B/ global gzikp foundation tZb'A n;hA b'jVh wBkJh, Bkb thfvU pDkJh, r[od[nkok d[Zy

fBtkoB ;kfjp ;kjwD/ Pow nkJh w?ƒ. id' n;hA d/fynk thfvU T[; B/ tkb pzBQ/ i{V/ pDkJ/, gNek pzfBQnk

T[j ed/ w?A ;'u th BjhA ;edk w/o/ nkgD/ sK ;ko/ G[Zb rJ/ ;' d; o[gJ/ w?A i/p ftZu'A eZY/ wZEk N/eD ik

fojk ;h. fJe wkJh nkJh efjzdh g[Zs d; o[gJ/ d/JhA, w? fejk b? wkJh, go s{z T[jBK *u' brdh BjhA,

efjzdh ;' T[jBK *u' j? th BjhA, w? fejk s{z fJZE/ fet/< efjzdh w/ok fgzv j? gkfJb e'b, efjzdh w/o/ f;o

dk ;KJh ubk frnk. w'No mhe eoB frnk y{jh ftZu r?; uVQB Bkb T[;dh w"s j' rJh. g[Zs d' fszB tfoQnK

sZe mhe fojk fco ƒj s/ g[Zs B/ nr{zmk btk fbnk fijVh IwhB ;h T[jBK d/ BK j' rJh s/ w?ƒ xo'A eZY

fdZsk. gfjbK sK wA? nk rJh fco w?A ;'funk pJh e'Jh gfjukD bT{ xo dh fJZIs dk ;tkb j?. ;' w?A

fJZE/ nk rJh w/o/ e'b T[~s/ b?D ƒ e[M BjhA, oks ƒ mzv bZrdh j?, w?A fejk j'o th j? s/o/ fij/< efjzdh

g[Zs fJZE/ ofjzd/ nk e/ d/y b' d[Zy fBtkoB d/ ;kjwD/ ik e/ d/fynk ;?AefVnK dh frDsh *u b'e gJ/ B/ xoK

*u'A eZY/ j'J/ fiBQK *u fJZe w/io dh wK wZEk N/eD bJh b? nkJ/ s/ pkjo'A rZvh Gik b? rJ/. T[j efjzdh

fe w?A address eh dZ;k id'A SZv jh rJ/. J/Bk e[M ;kvh :{Bhtof;Nh B/ adopt eo fbnk moment clubB/ T[~E/ sK ;kv/ gq'|?;o rJ/ sK T[~E/ ewo/ pD rJ/ ;B. n?BHnkoHnkJhH d/ Bkw s/ J/H;hH o{w pD rJ/.

T[BQK ƒ g[ZfSnk fe Bkb T[jdk p/Nk ;h fe fJj eh pD fojk j?< T[j efjzd/ fijV/ n?BHnkoHnkJhH nkgD/

wK^pkg fJZE/ SZvDk ukj[zd/ jB. T[BQK d/ bJh pD oj/ B/. T[j w[zvk jk;/ ftZu efjD bZrk wzwk s[jkv/ bJh

th ewok pDtk dJhJ/. T[~dD dh T[j phwko gJh ` pZfunK ƒ eh j' fojk j?< nkgk fJZe gVQB bJh fJj

dh definition ;wM b?Ad/ jK go wB ftZu th pdbkt nkT[Dk ukjhdk j?. ;kƒ e[M ;'uDk ukjhdk j?. w?A

jo EK fJj jh efjzdk jK fe T[jBK pI[orK ƒ xo fbnkU. e[M BjhA Gkbd/ f;o| dZ; fwzN T[BQK e'b p?m

e/ rZbK eo bU. n;hA dZ; fwzN th BjhA d/ ;ed/ id'A wK s[o iKdh j? T[d'A n;hA G'r gkT[d/ jK. G'r th

fejVk gkT[Ad/ jK.

fJZe pzd/ dk w?ƒ ;[B/jk nkfJnk j[D G'r b/N j't/rk. pI[orK dk.fe;/ bhvo dk BK b? e/ T[; fdB

T[jBQK e'b NkJhw BjhA ;h.;' GkJh pZfuU Human Rights Violation d/y' fe n;hA sK BjhA Human RightsViolate eo oj/.;kv/ s'A ikD/^nDikD/ rbsh j' ojh. fJj nwb eo e/ e[M ezw eo ;ed/ jK. fe;/ gk;/

ƒ gkfIfNt rZb eo ;ed/ jK pj[s tko n;hA id'A P[o{ ehsk gzx{Vk bkT[Dk. BzBQh SK sk pj[s pknd ftZu

nkT[Adh j?. 2006 ftZu n;hA fJj gzx{Vk ;ehw P[o{ ehsh, fNekDk GkJh okw feqPB ih. 28 cotoh w/o/

e'b gfjbh pZuh nkJh. 12 pZuhnK j' rJhnK. gfjbK sK ;tkb ;h unwanted pZuh. fJj tZvk ;tkb j?,

id'A :{Hn?;HJ/H$e?B/vk ftZu rZb eodk jK fe w?A sK czv BjhA b?Adk, g?;? BjhA b?Adk. T[j efjzd/ feT[A w?A

fejk w?A e[M change BjhA eoBk ukj[zdk. fJe tkoh dh rZb j? fe fJe xo ƒ bZrh nZr ƒ fJe fuVh

dfonk ftu'A nkgDh u[zM ftu gkDh Go e/ nZr p[Mk ojh ;h fe;/ B/ g[ZfSnk eh s/oh u[zM d/ gkDh Bkb nZr

p[M ikT[. T[j efjzdh fe w?ƒ gsk BjhA fe nZr p[ZM{ e/ BjhA go id' ;kvk Bk fJfsjk; ftZu fbfynK frnk

sK ;kvk Bkw nZr p[MkT[D tkfbnK ftZu p'b/rk nZr bkT[D tkfbnK *u BjhA. n;hA fjzd[;skB dh rZb eod/

jK w/ok whvhnk fjzd{;skB dh rZb BjhA eodk 70# pzd/ fgzvK ftZu tZ;d/ B/ eto/I gsk fezBh j? 2# n"o

2# ftZu th Bkw BjhA. T[; ftZu th fgzvK ftZu gfjbK jh 28# ;[;kfJv ik n?e;hv?AN tkb/ B/, nrb/ 35#

seeds, fertilizer dh chemical dh rZb.

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T[BQK ƒ fJj th BjhA gsk fe T[BQK B/ ikDk feZE/ j?. T[BQK ƒ fJj th BjhA gsk fe T[BQK d/ rights eh

B/. fJj th BjhA gsk fJj fet/A eo ;ed/ B/ fBPkB/ achieve. nZieZbQ sK Bt/A experiment j' oj/ B/. fJZe

experiment n;hA th ehsk. pZfunK ƒ w?A fejk fe o/bt/ ;N/PB s/ ikU. fNeN wk;No ƒ ej' fe nkj

;kƒ fNeN d/ fdU. T[j s[jkƒ fNeN fetA/ fdT[. s[jkƒ g[ZS/rk fe feZE/ ikDk sK T[j s[jkƒ fNeN fdU.

s[;hA dZ;' fe s[;hA feZE/ ikDk j? fe;/ ƒ eh gsk fe s[;hA feZE/ ikDk j?. w?A efjzdk fJZe bkJhB nkgDh vkfJoh

ftZu fby bU s[;hA change j' ikt'r/. ekov SZgdk j? T[;/ sohe/ dk Bkb w?foi fce; j' iKdh j?. fezB/

ti/ Y'bh, fezB/ ti/ poksh. w?ƒ pZu/ efjzd/ fe n;hA fet/A eohJ/ ;kv/ e'b sK g?;? BjhA. ;kv/ wkg/ rohp

B/. e[M eoB/ e/ bhJ/ w';w BjhA wB ukjhJ/. ukj' J/; o;s/ ubhJ/ ukj/ fe;/ j'o ’s/.

r[opkDh dh fJZe bkJhB ftZu ;kok ;ko j?. fJZe rZb wzB ftZu b? bJhJ/ sK fJ; fJbke/ ƒ s[jkv/

s/ wkD j't/rk. Pqh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp *u s[e nKT[dh j?. i?;h fdqPNh eo/ s?;k j'J/. fij' fijk ;'ud/ jK T[;

soQK t/yd/ jK. fi; soQK n;hA t/yd/ jK T[;/ soQK action eoBk P[o{ eo fdzd/ jK. fit/A action eod/ jK

T[;/ soQK nkds pD iKdh j?. fit/A nkds pD iKdh j? T[t/A ;kvh fIzdrh pD iKdh j?. ;' ;kvh fIzdrh fet/A

pDdh j?, fit/A n;hA ;'ud/ jK. i/ s[;hA nkgDk e'Jh aim pDk fbnk. s[;hA d/y' ;[ywBh ;kfjp dh fJZe

bkJhB ;G ƒ :kd j? go n;hA nwb BjhA eod/. eh j?< i' wkrfj mke[o nkgD/ s/ ;'Jh^;'Jh d/t/. n;hA

wzrd/ BjhA. ;kv/ J/BhnK examples B/ gzikp ftZu. s[;hA behoK dh rZb eod/ j'. w/o/ sK jZE jh BjhA.

fe;ws T[BQK dh th j[zdh j? fiBQK d/ jZE BjhA j[zd/.

;wkDk o'v gfNnkb/ bkr/ fgzv j? eeokbk. T[~E' dh e[Vh ;Zsth ebk; ftZu gVQdh ;h. e[Vh dk N'e/

tkbh wPhB ftZu jZE nk rJ/ s/ d'BQ'A tZY/ rJ/. ejkDh fJZE' P[o{ j{zdh j?, ek|h jZd sZe ;Zu j?, xo dhnK

n"osK ;bkj eo ojhnK B/ fJ; e[Vh ƒ wko dJhJ/. j[D sK S'Nh j? id'A tZvh j'Jh e"D fJ; dk fBZs gqsh

d/y/rk. fco |?;bk j'fJnk fe wkfonk fet/A ikt/. e'Jh ;bkj fdzdk fe Nhek bk e/, Ifjo d/ e/ fit/A fgzvK

ftZu j[zdk. ;e{b dk Nhuo iKdk ;wMk nkT[Adk. T[j e[Vh 10O2 eodh j? fco :{Bhtof;Nh ftZu gVQdh

j?. j';Nb ftZu ojh. p'gkokJ/ ;o tkJh; uK;bo ;h. e'Jh instructor BjhA wzfrnK jZEK d/ Bkb practiceehsh. n?bHn?bHn?w ehsh. :{HihH;hH B?~N ebhno ehsk. nZi T[j e[Vh ;zro{o ftZu iZi bZrh j'Jh j?.

e[M eoB d/ bJh w';w BjhA wB ukjhJ/. ;[gqhs x[zwD fJZe bZs Bkb vK; eoe/ fezBh gqf;ZX j'Jh. nƒ

f;Bjk fJZe bZs Bkb wkT{AN n?to?;N s/ uVQh. 88 dk iBw j?. B?~N s/ ikU w?A M{m BjhA p'bdk.

fe;/ fdB s[jkƒ d[pkok fwfbnk sK bkn nk| n?No?ePB dh rZb eokrk, fij' fijk ;'uKr/ T[j' fijk

j't/. pZfuU ` ns/ \k; s"o *s/ young teachers fij' fijh ;kvh Bhs T[j' fijh w[okd j't/rh. fJe nkgD/

nkg ftZu fJe fBPkBk fwZE b?D s/ c'e; eoB s/ fwjBs eoB. n;hA 70# b'eK bJh 2# rZb eod/ jK.

fJj ;kv/ human right dh rZb j?. pZuk suicide eodk, fe;kB dk fes/ e'Jh coverage BjhA \po fJj

BjhA ;h fe fdyk fdZsk fe suicide eo fbnk. \po fJj j'Dh ukjhdh ;h fe feT[A ehsk< eh fJ; ƒ o'fenk

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epIk eo fbnk. i/ okj[b rKXh fJzBh e[ \po d/ fojk j? fe fJj fijVk w[zv/ B/ w?ƒ dZf;nk fe fJj

nkJhHn?;HnkJh d/ Bkb ub/ ikDr/. d' xzN/ pknd w'dh dh Nhw B/ ;tkb ehsk ;h fe okj[b rKXh ;kƒ

w[zfvnK d/ Bkw dZ;/. d' xzN/ fJj fetA/ possible j'fJnk.

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2000 pzd/ ezw eo oj/ B/ ;[ypho dh Nhw u th pzd/ ezw eo oj/ B/. fezBhnK likes, j? fezB/ dislikej?. i/ e'Jh anticomment j? sK T[; ƒ eZN fdzd/ B/. ;'Pb whvhnk th ;kv/ jZE'A ubk frnk. ;' whvhnk

ƒ th ezw eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJ; dk wsbp fJj ;h fe i/ e[M BjhA sK jZE *s/ jZE Xoe/ p?m ikJhJ/ Bkj

nkj th sK fJ; dk fjZ;k j?. n;hA e;w yk oj/ jK d' XfVnk ftZu ybes tzvh rJh. fJZe b'eK dh fJZe

i'eK dh. id'A n;hA |?;bk jh eo fbnk fe n;hA J/; gk;/ ezw eoBk j?. Human Rights dh protectionbJh sK w?ƒ fJj dZ;' r[o[{ s/r pjkdo ih dh gfjbh i's r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh B'thA i's j?. ;kƒ gsk j?

fe pkp/ BkBe B/ iB/T{ BjhA gkfJnk s/ ;kƒ fJj th gsk j? fe fjzd dh ukdo r[o[{ s/r pjkdo iB/T{ pukT[D

bJh jh Pjhd ehs/ rJ/ ;h. T[j iB/T{ pukT[D bJh BjhA human rights ƒ pukT[D bJh fe fJj T[jBK

dk rights j?. G? ekj{ e' d/fs Bfj Bfj G? wkBs nkfB] Bk fe;/ ƒ G?n d/Dk Bk wzBDk. ;kƒ sK r[o{nK

B/ f;ykfJnk human rights eh B/< fJj character sK 1940 dk pDdk ;kƒ sK ;dhnK gfjbK dZ; fdZsk

frnk ;h fe human rights ƒ fet/A pukT[Dk j?. fjzd[;skB ftZu i' b'e ofj oj/ B/ n;b problem T[BQK

dh j?. ;kv/ gzikp dh fJe problem j? gzikp ftZu 85# pZfunK ƒ fJj BjhA gsk fe T[j feT[A gVQd/ jB.

fBPkBk sK ;[gBk j? fijVk ;'D BjhA fdzdk. xZN'^xZN n;hA fJj ;'uDk fe n;hA human rights violationƒ o'eDk.

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HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE ROLE OF PUNJAB STATEHUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION

Sh. Baljinder Singh Thakur*

In the era of liberal democratic humanism, it is the moral duty of every elected governmentto establish an effective mechanism for protecting human rights. The establishment of India’sNational Human Rights Commission in 1993 resulted from the culmination of a number of nationaland international factors. This was followed by the establishment of state human rights commissionsaround India. Punjab State Human Rights Commission1 was constituted in July, 1997 under the“Protection of Human Rights Act,” 1993. Inspite of some practical and structural constraints,PSHRC and other human rights commissions have contributed greatly to human rights in India.

Recognition of human rights started taking place as early as with the Bill of Rights of 1688followed by the American Declaration of Independence of 1766, the French Declaration ofIndependence in 1789 and many other similar international Conventions and Declarations. On10th December, 1948, the General Assembly of U.N. passed the “Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights.” Since then, 10th December is celebrated as World Human Rights Day. Thereare 30 Articles in the Declaration in which civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights areincluded. Article 10 of the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”: says “Everyone is entitledin full equality to fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determinationof his rights and obligations and of any or all criminal charges against him.”

We are proud to be citizens of a freely governed state run by democratically electedgovernment. The founding fathers of our constitution ensured in the very Preamble the dignity ofevery individual irrespective of his caste, creed, religion, gender or economic status. We cansummarize from the quite essential Preamble of our Constitution that the concepts of social,economic and political justice, liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship, equality ofstatus and opportunity, fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and unity and integrity ofthe nation, reaffirm the concept of human rights.

The concept of Human Rights is not unknown to India as its genesis is in the canonical textsof the ancient Vedic times. The concept of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam,” enshrined in the sixthchapter of Mahopanishad, denotes that the whole world is one family and all human beings arebrothers and sisters. Similarly, in Brihadaaranyaka Upanishad, the universal well-being is

1. Hereafter abbreviated as PSHRC.

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invoked in these verses: “Om Sarve Bhavantu Sukhinah, Sarve Santu Nir-Aamayaah. SarveBhadraanni Pashyantu, Maa Kashcid-Duhkha-Bhaag-Bhavet.” This implies: “O Lord: letall beings be happy and healthy. I wish well being of all. Let none suffer from any misery.”

The basic concept of “Human Rights” in our country is based on the principal of equalitybefore law and equal protection from law without any discrimination. This law of equality drawsinspiration from the sage Manu, the great Indian thinker and author of Manu Samriti, whostates: “King should be impartial in protecting the rights of the people even if the offender is thefather or teacher or friend or mother or wife or son or a domestic priest, the king should not leavehim unpunished.” He further states that “The Judge (King) is required to take into account theoffender’s age, physical strength, health, sex etc. before exercising his discretion.” He warnedthe judges against unjust, improper and inhuman punishment. According to the famous Indianphilosopher Vatsyayana: “The king should not delay in examining the witnesses. A serious defect,namely miscarriage of justice would result owing to delay in examination of witnesses.” MahatmaBudha said: “No living thing is to be killed, not even any small animal or insect, for all life issacred.” The oft-quoted term “Ram Rajya” means the state where there is the rule of law andall human beings live with dignity emanating from fundamental rights.

In Menka Gandhi v/s Union of India, Justice P.N. Bhagwati pronounced that the fundamentalrights represent the basic values cherished by the people of this country (India) since the Vedictimes; they are calculated to protect the dignity of the individual and create conditions in whichevery human being can develop his personality to the fullest extent. They weave a pattern ofguarantee on the basic structure of Human Rights and impose negative obligations on the statenot to encroach on individual liberty in its various dimensions.

Human rights are derived from principle of natural law or right of individual. Natural rightsare those rights which are necessary for the existence of human beings; these rights inherentlyexist in human beings. The basic idea of natural law theory is that man is born free and livesfreely and dies freely. It is the duty of the Government to protect the rights of all the individuals.It has been realized that the function of all the laws whether they are enforced by internationalcommunity, state or even the municipal corporations, should protect human rights in the interestof humanity. As the distinguished thinker, Mahbub-ul-Haq once observed: “It is true that weshould never be able to eliminate all social and economic injustices or provide equality of opportunityto all people. But we certainly can take a few practical steps to make our society a little morecompassionate, a little more humane.”

The founders of the Indian Constitution also included Fundamental rights in the Articles 12to 35 of the Constitution of India, which include the Right to Equality, Right against Exploitation,Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights and Right to Constitutional Remedies.From Article 36 to 51 of the Indian Constitution there are Directive Principles of State which arealso related to human rights. It can also be said that these articles are very important for goodgovernance. Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution of India give all citizens the rights to move tothe Supreme Court or the High Courts by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of rights

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conferred in the constitution. Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees life and personal liberty aspart of fundamental rights. The Hon’ble Supreme Court through its various judgments widenedthe scope of human rights to that extent which guarantees right to life with complete humandignity. The rights which are covered under Article 21 of the Constitution have been cataloguedin Unikrishnan v/s State of Andhra Pradesh, 1993 (1) S.C.C. 645 by Mohan and Jeevan Reddy.These include the right to go abroad, the right to privacy, the right to legal aid, the right to speedytrial, the right against fetters, the right against solitary confinement, the right to free and compulsoryeducation upto elementary stage, the right against public hanging, doctor’s assistance, the rightnot to live forced life, right of shelter. There are many other rights in various judgments pronouncedby the Honorable Supreme Court of India.

In general, we realize that the police violate the rights of common man but in many cases,the violation of Human Rights starts from the home. Female feticide is rampantly taking place inour society. Honor killings and dowry deaths have stigmatized our society. There are manyinstances when the parents do not accept inter-caste marriage. Newly-wed couples approachPunjab State Human Rights Commission for seeking protection from their own parents. Complaintsof domestic violence and atrocities against women have assumed draconian dimensions in oursociety. Senior citizens and parents are maltreated by the younger generation. Against suchbackdrop of socio-cultural evils, there is dire need of educating and cultivating the society.

To protect the Human Rights, Parliament of India passed “The Protection of Human RightsAct, 1993 Act No. 10 of 1994 (8th January, 1994).” This is an Act which envisages the constitutionof a National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions in States and HumanRights Courts for better protection of human rights and for matters connected therewith orincidental thereto. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India is an autonomouspublic body constituted on 12th October, 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinanceon 28th September, 1993. Section 2(d) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 defines“Human Rights” as the rights relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteedby the Constitution or embodied in the international conventions and enforceable by Courts inIndia.

PSHRC takes cognizance of matters u/s 12(a) of the Protection of Human Rights Act,1993 and calls for report u/s 17(i) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. Full Commissionalso takes suo moto cognizance of the news published in print media or news broadcasted byelectronic media. PSHRC, since its inception, is protecting the human rights of common man inPunjab. PSHRC is receiving complaints against police atrocities and violation of human rights byother officials of the State. PSHRC also considers cases of custodial deaths, contaminatedwater, pollution, lack of civic amenities, complaints related to elementary education and othermiscellaneous cases. The ultimate aim of PSHRC is to protect the rights of the common publicand realize the goals of a utopian society.

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REFERENCES

Constitution of India.Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948.Supreme Court Judgment – Menka Gandhi V/s Union of IndiaSupreme Court Judgments – Unikrishnan V/s State of Andhra Pradesh.Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.

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S. Swaran Singh Bhangu*

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“You can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women”— Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru

“There is no chance of the welfare of the world until the condition of women is improved. It is notpossible for a bird to fly on one wing.”

—Swami Vivekananda“Give women equal rights and entire nations are more stable and secure. Deny women equal rights

and the instability of entire nation is almost certain.”—Hillary Clinton

“There will never be a new world order until women are a part of it.”—Alice Paul

“There is no tool for development more effective than the empowerment of women.”—Kofy Annan

“I raise up my voice—not so I can shout, but so that those without a voice can be heard…we cannotsucceed when half of us are held back.”

—Malala Yousafzai

Keywords: Women’s Rights, Domestic Violence, Legislative acts, Women helpline no.

IntroductionWomen occupy a very noteworthy and decisive place in the social, cultural, economic and

political life of India. Their significance is evident both in modern and traditional sectors, not onlyas housewives and mothers in society an eminent role and in overall national development. Indiais growing at a faster rate .It can be considered as Superpower of the nation in the internationalground.1 This potential is attributed to several indicators, the primary ones being its demographictendency and a rapidly expanding economy and GDP Therefore the rights and opportunities thathave been provided for all of us in the Constitution are also gaining importance. Women havetaken the central stage by progressively moving into the workforce and getting career-oriented.It is indeed a matter of pleasure that the position of women has improved in the last four decades.But still somewhere it is felt that even today Indian women are struggling to maintain their dignityand freedom. 2Mental and physical torture of women is still again common today and that is why

AWARENESS OF WOMEN’S HUMAN RIGHTSFOR NATION DEVELOPMENT

Mamta Arora*

* Associate Prof. Biotechnology, A.S.B.A.S.J.S.M. College, Bela, Rupnagar.

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they are feeling unsafe during crucial periods of development of the nation.3 Mental, Physicaland Sexual harassment and gender inequality continue to be a way of life for most of them whichis becoming a hindrance in national development.4 One of the problems behind this situation islack of awareness of legal and constitutional rights of a woman. Most unfortunate part of this iseven educated women are not fully aware about their rights5. Through this article I am going toshare few legal and constitutional rights of a woman. With the proper knowledge of legal andconstitutional rights, a woman can maintain and can strengthen their position in society.

Constitution of India and Women RightsIndia’s Constitution makers were very determined to provide equal rights to both women

and men. The Constitution of India is one of the finest equality recommendation in the world. Itprovides provisions to secure equality. There are various articles in the Constitution which protectwomen’s rights by putting them at par with men not only socially and politically but alsoeconomically.

1. Preamble: The Preamble to the Constitution of India assures justice, social, economicand political; equality of status and opportunity and dignity to the individual. Thus it treats bothmen and women equal.

Fundamental Rights: The policy of women equality and dignity is well ingrained in theFundamental Rights enshrined in our Constitution. For instance:

Article 14 ensures to women the right to equality. Article 15(1) particularly prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex. Articles 15(3) give powers to the State to take affirmative actions in favour of women. Article 16 provides for equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to

employment2. Directive Principles of State Policy: Directive principles of State Policy also includes

important provisions regarding women equality, dignity and empowerment. It is the duty of thegovernment to pertain these principles while creating laws or preparing any policy. Some ofthese are:

Article 39 (a) grant that the State to direct its policy towards securing for men andwomen equally the right to an sufficient means of livelihood.

Article 39 (d) direct equal pay for equal work for both men and women. Article 42 define that the State to make provision for securing just and humane

conditions of work and for maternity relief.3. Fundamental Duties: Fundamental duties are protected in Part IV-A of the

Constitution It also contains a duty related to women’s rights:Article 51 (A) (e) anticipate from the citizen of the country to promote harmony and the

spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India and to abandon practices derogatoryto the dignity of women.6

4. Other Constitutional Provisions: Through 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendmentof 1993, a very imperative political right has been given to women which is a landmark in the pathof women dignity and empowerment in India. With this amendment women were given 33.33

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percent reservation in seats at different levels of elections in local governance i.e. Panchayatlevel, Block level and Municipality elections.7

Table-1Description of Women’s Rights Enshrined in the Constitution of India8,9

S. No.

Type of Right Description Name of Act

1. Right to equal pay

One cannot be discriminated on the basis of sex, when it comes to salary or wages.

Equal Remuneration Act,

2. Right against harassment at work

It gives the right to file a complaint against sexual harassment.

The enactment of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act

3. Right against domestic violence

A female can file case against her husband/in laws etc. She or anybody on her behalf, can file a complaint.

The Protection Of Women From Domestic Violence Act, 2005

4. Right to maternity-related benefits

Maternity benefits are not merely a privilege of the working woman, they are a right. ensures that the new mother does not suffer any loss of earnings.

The Maternity Benefit Act

5. Right against female feticide

It allow a woman to experience the most basic of all rights — the right to life.) ensures her right against female feticide.

(Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act (PCPNDT

6. Right to free legal aid

All female rape victims have the right to free legal aid. It is mandatory for the Station House Officer (SHO) to inform the Legal Services Authority, who arranges for the lawyer.

Legal Services Authorities Act.

7. Right not to be arrested at night

A woman cannot be arrested after sunset and before sunrise, except in an exceptional case on the orders of a first class magistrate.

This was ensured by Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2005 subsection 4 section 46

8. Right to dignity and decency

If accused is a woman, any medical examination procedure on her must be performed by or in the presence of another woman.

Under section 164 of the Criminal Procedure Code

9. Right to property

It allows women and men equal share in inheritance.

The Hindu Succession Act

10. Right to not being called to the police station

Women cannot be called to the police station for interrogation under

Section 160 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

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Now I will discuss major crimes against women along with the legal provision which penalizethe criminal.

Table-2Major Crimes against Women alongwith the Legal Provision which Penalize the

Criminal.10

S. No.

Major Crime Against Women

Description Legal provision Penalty

1. Adultery Adultery is a very serious crime against women in India and affects married women by and large. In simple words adultery means having voluntary sexual relationship with a married person other than the spouse.

The offence of adultery is dealt with by section 497 of the Indian penal Code, 1860, As per section 497,

the offender shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both.

2. Child marriage

Child marriage is a very awful offence against child as it does not only harms the future of child but also damage social values.

Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 then The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006

rigorous imprisonment for 2 years or with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees or both. Offence under this Act is cognizable and non bail able 11

3. Female feticides

Female feticide means identifying and killing of female fetus before they take birth.

It has been prescribed by Pre conception and Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex selection) Act, 1994, for the offence of Female feticides. The Medical Termination Of Pregnancy Act, 1971

Punishment of 3 years imprisonment and Rs. 10,000 fine

4. Trafficking and Prostitution

Trafficking means import and export of humans for sex business. prostitution is offering of sexual services for earning money.

There are quite a few laws in India in order to prevent the crime of prostitution like Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girl Act 1956 and Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 1956.

Punishment of maximum of ten years imprisonment and a fine. 12

5. Domestic violence means Section 498A of Indian The penalties

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5. Domestic Violence

Domestic violence means mental, physical, emotional and economical harassment of a woman by husband or/and family members. Four types of cruelty are dealt conduct that drives or

likely to drive a woman to suicide,

behavior which is likely to cause serious injury to the life, limb or health of the woman,

harassment with the purpose of compelling the woman or her relatives to give some property

harassment since the woman or her relatives are not able to fulfill demands for more money or do not give some property.

Different forms of "cruelty" documented by the Courts under Domestic Violence Persistent denial of

food Insisting on wicked

sexual conduct Continuously

locking a woman out of the house

Refusing the woman access to children and therefore causing mental torture

Physical violence Taunting,

Section 498A of Indian Penal Code, 1860 mentally, economically or emotionally. An act called Domestic violence Act, 2005 was introduced to handle the cases of Domestic violence in India.

The penalties include fines, Jail, protective orders, Supervised visits with children, Termination of parental rights, deportation for alien 13

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Taunting,

demoralizing and putting down the woman with the motive of causing mental torture

Confining the woman at home and not allowing her for normal social contact.

Abusing children in their mother's presence with the purpose of causing her mental torture

Denying the parenthood of the children with the intention of imposing mental pain upon the mother

Threatening divorce unless dowry is given.20

6. Eve teasing Eve teasing involves teasing women, passing comments on women and making vulgar signs

Section 354 in The Indian Penal Code Section 509 in The Indian Penal Code Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 Section 354 A,B,C,D14

Section 298 (A) and (B) of Indian Penal Code prescribes upto three months imprisonment for making obscene gestures or remarks to a woman. For showing pornographic or obscene pictures, books or slips to a woman, Section 292 of the IPC prescribes upto two years imprisonment. The same punishment, with

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or without a fine, is meted out under Section is 354 (IPC) to those who use force or assault a woman to outrage her modesty. 15

7. Acid throwing:-

The issue of acid throwing on girls has also become a big issue.

Prevention of Offences (by Acids) Act, 2008 Section 326 of the IPC 16

Imprisonment of 5 years extended upto 10 years and non cognizable,non bail able non compundable.16

8. Fraudulent Marriage

Fraud means hiding something or giving false impression about something which a person knows that knowing the fact may harm his prospective marriage. This is not necessary that fraudulent marriages only took place in case of NRI’s even Indian grooms also do the same for money or for boy child or for any other reason

Foreign Marriage Act, 1969 And Section 496 of IPC 17

imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to fine. 17

9. Exploitation at work place

In all sectors women are working hard and getting awards and rewards but sometimes she has to face exploitation at work place

The Sexual Harassment of women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 18

Penalties range from one to three years imprisonment and/or a fine.19

10. Rape, murder

Rape is another very serious crime against women and this crime is increasing day by day like anything.

Provisions related to rape are given in section 375 and 376 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860.

Who ever commits the offence of rape shall be punished with imprisonment of either for a term which shall not be less than seven years (7) but which may be for life or for

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10. Rape, murder

Rape is another very serious crime against women and this crime is increasing day by day like anything.

Provisions related to rape are given in section 375 and 376 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860.

Who ever commits the offence of rape shall be punished with imprisonment of either for a term which shall not be less than seven years (7) but which may be for life or for a term which may extend to ten years and shall also be liable to fine.

11. Dowry The system of dowry is another social evil. Various dowry based domestic violence cases has been reported by media.

Civil law of India has prohibited the payment of dowry in the year 1961. Further Indian Penal Code, 1860 has introduced Sections 304B and 498A, which allows women to file complaint and seek restoration of her rights from serious harassment by the husband's family. Keeping in view the increasing cases of dowry deaths another legislative provision called “Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005”, was introduced in order to reduce domestic violence cases and to protect women's rights.

Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961

Let me share the name of some more legislative acts which are available in India to protectwomen’s rights against harassment. These acts are like a boon to women at large to protect theirdignity in society.

1. The Commission Of Sati (Prevention) Act, 19872. Civil Procedure Code, 1973 3. Indian Penal Code, 19604. Hindu Marriage Act, 19555. National Commission Of Women Act, 19906. The Minimum Wages Act, 1948

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7. Bonded Labor System Abolition Act, 19768. The Special Marriage Act, 19549. Indian Divorce Act, 196910. The Indecent Representation of Women Prohibition Act, 198611. Guardians & Wards Act, 186912. Equal Remuneration Act, 1976This list is not conclusive but inclusive. These acts have given sufficient provisions to ensure

the protection of women rights. So we should feel proud that our judiciary and legislature hastaken various effective steps to guarantee the dignity of women.

National Initiatives to Curb the Women Violence1. National Commission for Women: In January 1992, the Government set-up this

body with a specific mandate to study and monitor all matters relating to the constitutional andlegal safeguards provided for women, and to review the existing legislation to suggest amendmentswherever necessary etc.

2. Reservation for Women in Local Self -Government: The 73rd ConstitutionalAmendment Acts which was passed in 1992 by Parliament ensure that one-third of the totalseats for women in all elected offices in local bodies whether in rural areas or urban areas arereserved for women.

3. The National Plan of Action for the Girl Child (1991-2000): This plan of Actionis to ensure survival, protection and development of the girl child so that better future for the girlchild can be bulid.

4. National Policy for the Empowerment of Women, 2001: The Department ofWomen & Child Development in the Ministry of Human Resource Development has prepared a“National Policy for the Empowerment of Women” in the year 2001. The aim of this policy is tobring about the advancement, development and empowerment of women.21

Suggestions/Approach Towards Safety of WomenLaw making, law interpreting and law enforcing bodies are meticulously doing their work,

further need is: To enhance reporting of rape and assault cases: To increase the reporting of

such cases we need to empower the women. She must be educated on their rights andencouraged to come forward to register any such type of complaint. There are moreviolent cases than filed in India but due to stigma in the society no action is taken onthem.

Law enforcement agencies: Low enforces should be well trained to react fastlyand with sensitivity towards the women.

Exemplary punishment: Punishment of every culprit need to be exemplary. Campaigning of Zero- tolerance of sex offenders. More and more fast track court

should be established.

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Proper planning of the city: Every city should be planned properly. In unplannedareas more women crime take place.

Indian Police system: Although Policing system has improved a lot but still moreimprovements need to be done. Recommendations of supreme court should immediatelybe followed. Persons should be trained in this area.

Free docile services related to technology should be provided to girls/women sothat she can report any type of incidence without any embracement and hesitation

Participation: Some bodies should be made in which women from local areas arewilling to participate and with tools like negotiation etc. try to bring the problem to thefront so that a solution could be easily found.

Executive body: The executive body has to work very conscientiously in this fieldbecause normally such type of exploitation takes place inside the four corners of theworkplace.

Proper accomplishment: Government has to work for proper accomplishment ofthe law and be so strict that the culprit should not escape using some loopholes.

Proper functioning of helpline no.: Private bodies who are working in the field ofwomen violence issues some helpline numbers have been started. These should beproperly functional from different levels of implementation so that women could takenecessary measures as per her requirement.

Same law for everyone: Law should remain same for everyone. No recommendationshould be considered at any level.

Women Cell: Women cells should work on fair basis. 18,22

ConclusionWomen in India, through their own merciless efforts and with the help of Constitutional and

r legal provisions and with the support of Government’s various welfare schemes, are trying tofind their respectable in the society. She is not only participating in employment (government aswell as private) and in socio-political activities of the nation but also at highest decision makingbodies leading to nation development. She is capable of doing anything and equal pillar in thegrowth and prosperity of the nation. Women are one of the pillars of the society and it would bevery difficult to imagine society without the existence of women. There is saying that behindevery successful man there is a woman. This saying proves that men and women both arenecessary component of society. Women plays different role in her life which is not an easy job.During her life she acts as daughter, wife, sister and mother. Due care and respect must be givento her and we should understand their efforts towards welfare of the society at large and nationaldevelopment.

The need of hour is to educate and sensitize not only male members of the society butfemale members also regarding her issues and try to inculcate a feeling of togetherness like twosides of a coin which are inseparable and they must feel equal so that discriminatory practicestowards the fairer sex can be stopped. Women are entitled to respect. If every parent taught his/

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her son to respect a girl or/and women and treat them with dignity, a day would have come whenno fear for the safety of their daughter would be there and that would be a true and real education.There is a need to change our mindset. Therefore let us start efforts from our homes by providingthem equal opportunities not only in education, health, decision making but in nation development.Without any discrimination. India will become superpower only if it truly involve second half innation development.

Women Helpline No.WHOLE INDIA - 1091 (TOLL FREE)

1. Women Helpline No. of States of India24

S. No. Statet /UT Telephone No./ Mobile No. 1. Andhra Pradesh National Commission for Women - 011-13237166

Women Police Station - 040-27853508 2. Bihar 18003456247 / 0612-2320047 3. Chandigarh 2741900, 1091

Samvad - (0172) 2546389 4. Delhi National Commission for Women - 23237166, 23234918

Delhi Commission for Women - 23379181, 23370597 Women Protection Cell - 24673366/4156/ 7699

5. Haryana 0124-2335100 Women in Distress – 9911599100

6. Gujarat 1091 27470036

7. Himachal Pradesh 9816066421, 09418636326, 09816882491, 9418384215 8. Karnataka 22942149, 1091

Women Commission - 080-22100435/ 22862368, 080-2216485 9. Kerala 1091

0471-2322590, 2320509, 2337589, 2339878, 2339882 10. Madhya Pradesh 2522111

Women Commission - 2661802, 2661804, 2661805,2739804, 2661808

11. Maharashtra Police Helpline for Women -103 Helpline for Women - 26111103, 1298

12. Punjab Commission - 0172-783607 Helpline - 1091, 9781101091 Samvad - (0172) 2546389, 2700109, 276000114

13. Rajasthan 0291-0141-27445 96 14. Tamil Nadu Commission - 044 –28592750

1091 15. Tripura Women Helpline Numbers - 0381-2323355, 03812322912 16. Uttar Pradesh (0522) 2387010

Commission - 0522-2288353, 9415293666 17. West Bengal 913323595609, 913323210154

(lxxiii)

2. Women Cell Helpline No. in Districts of PunjabS. No. District /UT Telephone No./Mobile No.

1. Chandigarh 2741900, Nari Niketan 2750003

2. Amritsar 9463523343, 0183-2565286 Nari Niketan 2572766

3. Bathinda 9878421444, 0164- 2240680 (pp) 4. Barnala 9417470894, 01679-234045 (pp) 5. Faridkot 9878341729, 01639-250920 6. Fatehgarh Sahib 99150-13044, 9915013045,

01763-509986 (PP) 7. Ferozepur 9855253800, 01632-244883 8. Gurdaspur 9876013297, 01874-245396 9. Hoshiarpur 9876004627, 01882-246481 10. Jalandhar 9915716124, 0181-2227296

Nari Niketan 2253564 11. Kapurthala 9463611985, 01822-220900 12. Ludhiana 9815800475, 0161-241492(PP) 13. Mansa 9815767305, 01652-229010(PP) 14. Moga 9915476599, 01636-236500 15. Muktsar 9815310918, 01633-263622(PP) 16. Nawanshahar 9814920687, 01823-226243(PP) 17. Patiala 9876432056, 0175-2311108 18. Roopnagar 9814101339 19. Sangrur 9876016193, 01672-231381-82 20. SAS Nagar 9876517145, 0172-5092725 21. Taran Taran 9915450099, 01852-226100

3. For Women in Distress25

Central Social Welfare Board-Police Helpline 1091/1291 (011) 23317004 Shakti Shalini 10920 SAARTHAK (011) 26853846/ 26524061 Delhi Police HELPLINE 1091 National Human Rights Commission (011) 23385368/9810298900 Punjab Human Right Commission 0172 302 9619

References

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_as_an_emerging_superpower2. mooveonn.com/post/192/Know-Your-Rights.html3. www.mypunchmysafety.in › News & Updates4. www.dailyo.in/politics/indian-women-legal-rights-marriage...sexual.../6381.html5. www.saathiyafoundation.org/women-right.html6. www.indiacelebrating.com/social-issues/women-empowerment/

(lxxiv)

7. www.legalmirror.in/doc/legalmirror%20v1i2FINAL.pdf8. http://www.dailyo.in/politics/indian-women-legal-rights-marriage-domestic-violence-sexual-

harassment/story/1/6381.html9. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/man-woman/10-legal-rights-that-women-

should-know/articleshow/50742542.cms10. http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/155065-Legal-Constitutional-rights-women-India.aspx11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prohibition_of_Child_Marriage_Act,_200612. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_India13. http://www.attorneys.com/domestic-violence/charges-for-domestic-violence-penalties/14. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-definition-of-eve-teasing-as-per-Indian-law15. http://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/eve-teasing-is-punishable-do-not-endure-it-silently/story-

a8ZcakrMUHnzUVnoT5pf1K.html16. http://www.stopacidattacks.org/p/law.html17. http://www.indianlawcases.com/Act-Indian.Penal.Code,1860-196218. Roopa Vijaywargiya Sexual harassment of women at workplace in India: Law and its Applicability

ISSN 2348 - 8891 http://altius.ac.in/pdf/60.pdf19. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_Harassment_of_Women_at_Workplace_(Prevention,_

Prohibition_and_Redressal)_Act,_201320. 20 http://indiatogether.org/manushi/issue137/laws.htm21. India, Ministry of Women and Child Development, Annual Report 2011-12, p. 2022. http://www.countercurrents.org/ranjan300113.htm23. http://punjabwomencommission.gov.in/helpline.html24. https://www.facebook.com/notes/i-can-save-life/women-helpline-telephone-numbers/

523635827670117/25. http://ncw.nic.in/frmhelpline.aspx

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CONTENTS

Page Nos.

MESSAGES (v)-(xviii)

Dr. Daljit Singh Cheema (v)— Education Minister, PunjabSmt. Rajbans Kaur (vii)— President, M.C.S. Davinder Singh Jatana (ix)— Secretary, M.C.S. Sukhwinder Singh Whisky (xi)— Manager, M.C.S. Sangat Singh Longia (xiii)— Sr. Vice President, M.C.Sh. Baljinder Singh Thakur (xv)— Honourable Human Right Commission MemberProf. Surmukh Singh (xvii)— Principal

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (xix)

PREFACE (xxi)-(xxii)

BIOGRAPHIES OF HONOURABLE SPEAKERS (xxiii)-(xxxvi)

— Sh. Jatinder Pannu Ji (xxv)— Dr. Harjinder Walia (xxvi)— Dr. J.A. Khan (xxviii)— Dr. Kuldeep Singh Dhir (xxx)— Mr. Baljinder Singh Thakur (xxxii)— S. Swaran Singh Bhangu (xxxiv)— Mamta Aroa (xxxv)

PLENARY TALKS (xxxvii)-(lxxiv)

pVk y[ZbQk y/so j? wB[Zyh nfXekoK dh ;'u T[vkoh dk (xxxix)— ifszdo gƒ

ftPtheoB d/ ;zdoG ftZu wB[Zyh nfXeko, ;ZfGnsk ns/ ;ZfGnkuko (xlii)— Dr. J.A. Khan

(lxxvi)

wB[Zyh nfXeko, ;ZfGnsk ns/ ;ZfGnkuko (xlv)— vkH e[bdhg f;zx Xho

HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE INEMERGING GLOBALISED WORLD (xlvix)— Dr. HarjinderSingh Walia

HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE ROLE OFPUNJAB STATE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION (lv)— Sh. Baljinder Singh Thakur

(lix)— S. Swaran Singh Bhangu

AWARENESS OF WOMEN’S HUMAN RIGHTS FORNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (lxii)— Mamta Arora

PAPERS PRESENTED AT CONFERENCES 1–120

1. wB[Zyh nfXeko, ;ZfGnsk ns/ ;ZfGnkuko nZi d/ T[~God/ ftPtheoB d/ d"o ftZu 3–6— gq'H ftfgB e[wko

2. ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftZu wB[Zyh r"ot ns/ nfXekoK dk ft;EkgB s/ ftPb/PD 7–13— gq'H irgkb f;zx

3. ftPtheoB nXhB wbtJh ;ZfGnkuko d/ pdbd/ gfog/y 14–18— vkH i;gqhs e"o

4. ftPtheoBL ;kfjs, ;wki ns/ ;fGnkuko T[Zs/ gqGkt 19–22— vkH r[ogqhs e"o

5. B"t/A r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih s/ wB[Zyh nfXeko 23–27— vkH jogqhs e"o

6. ftPtheoB, ;ZfGnkuko d/ ;zdoG ftZu wB[Zyh nfXeko 28–30— gq'H jogqhs f;zx fGUok

7. gzikph eftsk ftu wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk w;bk (n"osK d/ ;zdoG ftZu) 31–36— gq'H ewbihs e"o

8. wB[Zyh nfXeko 37–39— gq'H o'ih okDh

9. 21thA ;dh dh n"os dh dPk 40–42— pofizdo e"o

10. GENDERED MEDIA IMAGES-VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN 43–45— Prof. Gurpreet Kaur

(lxxvii)

11. CHILDREN AND HUMAN RIGHTS 46–49— Dr. Jasvir Singh

12. ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL LAWS IN MANAGING GLOBALIZATION 50–53— Prof. Amrita Sekhon

13. HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN IN GLOBALIZED INDIA 54–56— Prof. Karminder Kaur

14. GLOBALIZATION – IMPACT ON INDIA 57–63— Prof. Anureet Bhalla

15. SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN RIGHTS 64–67— Dr. Baljit Singh

16. IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON SOCIAL LIFE 68–74— Prof. Harpreet Kaur

17. MANAGING GLOBALIZATION 75–79— Prof. Ishu Bala

18. HUMAN RIGHTS CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE INEMERGING GLOBALISED WORLD 80–81— Prof. Sunita Rani

19. HUMAN DIGNITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS 82–87— Prof. Neetu Mockoul

20. AWARENESS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AMONG TEACHERS ANDPROTECTION-VIOLATION OF WOMEN RIGHTS 88–95— Prof. Parmjit Singh & Prof. Gurlal Singh

21. SOCIAL MEDIA SURVEILLANCE TO PROTECT SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITYAND ENHANCE HUMAN RIGHT IN DIGITAL WORLD 96–102— Prof. Rajvir Singh

22. IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN CULTURE 103–105— Loveleen Verma

23. w?A s/ w/ok ;wki 106–107— gq'H owBdhg e"o

24. THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTSAND FAMILIES 108–110— Paramjit Kaur, Manpreet Kaur & Harpreet Kaur

25. HUMAN RIGHTS 111–112

— Kuldeep Kaur

(lxxviii)

26. IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION 113–115— Sarbjeet Kaur, Daljit Kaur & Simranjeet Kaur

27. INSPIRATIONAL FIGHT FOR THE HUMAN RIGHTS 116–119— Manpreet Kaur & Venius Bansal & Rajpreet Kaur

ABSTRACTS OF POSTERS 121–143

1. GLOBALIZATION AND THE FUTURE OF WOMEN RIGHTS 123— Sunita, Sukhwinder Singh & Amanjot Kaur

2. HUMAN DIGNITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS 124— Amandeep Kaur

3. wB[Zyh nfXeko 125— ;t/sk ns/ ;zdhg e"o

4. IMPACT OF MEDIA ON CULTURE IN INDIAN SOCIETY 126— Parveen Kaur, Dinesh Kumar & Kajal Khurana

5. A PHARMACIST IN INDIAN SOCIETY –CHANGING ITS ROLE FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN ERA 127— Dr. Satnam Singh

6. HUMAN RIGHTS 128— Prof. Gagandeep Kaur

7. HUMAN DIGNITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS 129— Komalpreet Kaur

8. HUMAN RIGHTS 130— Kulveer Singh Brar

9. SUSTAINABILITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS 131-132— Manpreet Singh

10. CRUDE OIL EXPLORATION AND ITS IMPACT ONGLOBAL MARKET: AN EMERGING ISSUE IN GLOBALISED WORLD 133— Nancy Verma & Satwant Kaur Shahi

11. THE EMERGING HEALTH ISSUES: THE RETURN OFINFECTIOUS DISEASES INFLUENCING THE GLOBALIZED WORLD 134— Navneet Kaur, Rakesh Joshi & Pawan Badhan

12. HUMAN RIGHTS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 135–136— Paramjit Singh Bela

13. HUMAN RIGHTS AND WOMEN EDUCATION 137— Robin Chakkal

(lxxix)

14. GLOBALISATION 138— Rupinder Kaur

15. CHILDREN’S RIGHTS (HUMAN RIGHTS) 139— Jaspreet Kaur & Jasdeep Kaur

16. HUMAN TRAFFICKING (SUSTANIBILITY HUMAN RIGHTS) 140— Kiranjeet Kaur & Sukhman Kaur

17. RIGHTS OF THE DISABLED (HUMAN DIGNITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS) 141— Parminder Kaur & Amanpreet Kaur

18. HUMAN RIGHTS AND WOMEN EDUCATION 142— Arshdeep Kaur

19. HUMAN RIGHT 143— Parminder Kaur & Amanpreet Kaur