Housing and Community development in slum area of Bolaq elDakroor

Cairo UniversityFaculty of Engineering

Architectural DepartmentHousing and DevelopmentAcademic year 2005-2006

HOUSING AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

CASE STUDY: BOULAQ ELDAKROUR, ABU QATADA

METHODOLOGY

Phase I: Preliminary Studies

Physical survey Community Profile

Phase II: Program Design

Review for selected past experiencesProject implementation policies

Introduction

Research GoalsBackgroundArea of studyScope of Work and Coordination

INTRODUCTION

Informal settlements is ofone of the biggest urbanproblems in Egypt and inall the developingcountries through out theworld where an increasingnumber of people moving fromthe countryside to cities andtowns, and a significantgrowth in urban population.

Introduction

BackgroundArea of studyScope of Work and Coordination





RESEARCH GOALS

DEVELOPING A GENERAL SYSTEM OR A PLAN FOR UPGRADING THE INFORMALSETTLEMENTS OF BOULAQ.

EXAMINING DIFFERENT APPROACHS FOR HOUSING REHALIBITATION .

GAINING EXPERIENCE THROUGH REAL PARTICIPATION IN A HOUSINGREHALIBITATION PROJECT.

Introduction






BACKGROUND

B o u l a Q E l D a k r o u rThis name was known inthe old days as “BoulaQ ElTakrour”, The Takrour is agatherings for people whocame from Sudan andEritrea, these gatheringsimmigrated and settled inCairo, Egypt, They used tosell camels, and Rowaq AlTakrour was their studyingplace at Al Azhar mosque.

Introduction






BACKGROUND

BoulaQ El DakrourThe municipal District of Boulaq el Dakrour is

located on the western edge of Greater Cairo

urban area, within the Governorate of Giza.

Originally prime agricultural land, the District has

become a substantial "Informal" community, as

private land owners sold or converted their land

for urban development. New construction has

proceeded without planning controls, or the

e n fo r c em e n t o f b u i l d i n g re g u l a t i o ns .

Introduction






Imbaba

Zamalek

Bulaq

Mohandasseen

Shubra

Abbasiya

Sayida

Zaynab

Ma'adi

0 1 5 Kilometres2 3 4North

CentralCairo

Boulaq elDakrour

BOULAQ EL DAKROUR

Introduction






Legend

More than 2500 P/H

More than 1500 P/H

More than 1000 P/H

More than 1000 P/H

ABU QATADA

Introduction






Why choosing Abu Qatada

Highest capacityBad urban conditionGTZ plan Priority Stability of number of inhabitantsHigh rates of poverty

32

4 E

3 324 N

0 500m 1km

32

5 E

3 323 N

32

4 E

32

6 E

32

7 E

3 322 N

3 321 N

3 324 N

3 325 N

Boulaqel Dakrour

Zenin

Abu Qatada

Manshiet el Alyan

Kafr elTaharmous

NazletBahgat

NazletKhalaf

197619861996

Figure 3.2: Population Growth, 1976-1986

ABU QATADA

Urban Tissue is Compact

Introduction






ABU QATADA

Introduction






ABU QATADAARIAL VEIWS

Introduction






COORDINATION AND SCOPE OF WORK

The group participated in thebrainstorming phase of the plan.

Scope of work

1,2,3 is the work of the EECAwhich will be HousingRehabilitation

Point 4 of the plan well be doneby the group which is The study ofthe main commercial spines of theAbu Qatada , and their relation tothe formal commercial shops doneby the government.

METHODOLOGY





Introduction



Physical survey

URBAN & COMMUNITYSTUDIES

Introduction






COORDINATION AND SCOPE OF WORK

•Group no:3

•Group no:2

•Group no:1

•Group no:4

Introduction






The group was divided in to four internal groups surveying the area ofthe study.

PRILIMINARY STUDIES

PHISYCAL SURVEY

INTIMATE AREA

1. HEIGHTS

Most of the buildingsare from 2 to 3 floors.

Introduction






PRILIMINARY STUDIES

PHISYCAL SURVEY

INTIMATE AREA

2. LAND USE

The two spines acts as acommercial place for theinhabitants while in the otherhand they don’t use the formalcommercial center.

Introduction






PRILIMINARY STUDIES

PHISYCAL SURVEY

INTIMATE AREA

3. CONSTRUCTION METHODS Most of the buildings areconstructed with bricks byshear wall method, whichindicates that vertical growthis limited due to the limitationthat occurred due to thesystem of construction.

Introduction






PRILIMINARY STUDIES

PHISYCAL SURVEY

INTIMATE AREA

4. BUILDINGS CONDITIONS

As most of the informalsettlements the building fromoutside has no finishing, andmost of the buildings have anaverage over all evaluation.

Introduction






PRILIMINARY STUDIES

PHISYCAL SURVEY

CRITERIA of SELECTING HOUSING UNITS SAMPLES

Housing units with different construction date.

Housing units with a character.

Housing units with different construction method.

Samples from the general housing units.

Introduction






HOUSING SAMPLES:1.First sample: Owner’s name: Ali Abu Ismael

Ground Floor

shop

This house was taken as a sample due to it’sContruction date, & due to the strange way ofConstruction.

HOUSING SAMPLES:1.First sample: Owner’s name: Ali Abu Ismael

The elevation of the house shows the different styles ofconstruction of the same house, where the ground floor is heigherthan the 1st floor.

Also the percentage of the openings of the ground floor is differentthan the 1st floor.

Interior shots:

HOUSING SAMPLES:2. Second Sample:

Ground Floor

This house was taken as a sample for thehousing in the area, because it’s style &contruction method & height are very repititve inthe area & contains more than one family.

shop shop

HOUSING SAMPLES3.THIRD SAMPLE:OWNER”S NAME:AHMED AFALLAH

This house was taken as a sample for thefamily housing & due to it’s Contruction date, &due to the strange way of Construction.

Ground Floor

HOUSING SAMPLES3.THIRD SAMPLE:OWNER”S NAME:AHMED AFALLAH

The elevation of the house shows the bad finishing, & shows therising level of the street in comparison to level of the ground floorof the house.

Interior shots:

HOUSING SAMPLES:4.FORTH SAMPLE:OWNER”S NAME: KHADIGA

This house was taken as a sample for thehousing in the area, because it’s style &contruction method & height are very repititvein the area & contains more than one family.

HOUSING SAMPLES:4.FORTH SAMPLE:OWNER”S NAME: KHADIGA

The elevation of the house shows the bad finishing.

Interior shots:

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

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0

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2000

3000

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2000

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بالمعاش عاجز

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العمل

ذكور

اواث

جملة

The population pyramidshows that most of thecitizens of Boulaq are youth

High ratesOf illiteracy.

High rates Of Women who don’t work

PRELIMINARY STUDIES

COMMUNITY STUDIES - INCOME

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

500,000

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00

L.E

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Over

L.E

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Private Sector Employment, 1996

44% havean incomeof betweenL.E. 500and 750 permonth.

URBAN & SOCIAL ANALYSIS

(problems, constraints,potentials)

Introduction






Al ASHMAWY ST.

•Interferenceof land uses

• Lack of privacy(curtains areput by residents in balconiesto give the feeling of privacy)

•UnhygienicEnvironment.

•Streets are very narrow.

•Wondering• sellers are •blocking the•streets bytheir products

URBAN PROBLEMS

: )BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS1

URBAN PROBLEMS:

1)BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROBLEMS.

AL HASHIM ST

• Lack of privacy(curtains areput by residents in balconiesto give the feeling of privacy)

• All streets are similar. Urban characteris lost.

•The entrance of the street is blocked by a bakery.

• Inhabitants raise animals on their building roofs.

) INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEMS:2

•Water leakage •Deteriorated drainage and water supply system •Un safe electricityconnections

•Streets are in bad condition

COMMUNITY SOCIAL PROBLEMS:

1)Percentage of unemployed youth is high.

2)Drug addiction percentage is high betweenyouth causing an unsafe environmentfor families.

3)The Market area is taken bydrug dealers and drug addicts.

4)Lack of lighting at night causes a lot ofaccidents (unsecured environment forinhabitants)

5)Lack of healthcare, educational andcultural awareness centers.

Introduction






PRELIMINARY STUDIESANAYLSISPROBLEMS CONCLUSION

URBAN SCALE:INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEMS, SPECIALLY WATER SUPPLYINGPOLLUTION PROBLEMS DUE TO EL ZOMOUR PONDBAD CONDITIONS OF THE STREETSHIGH PERCENTAGES OF UNEMPLOYMENTLACK OF SAFETYPROBLEMS DUE TO THE DESIGN OF THE FORMAL PLACE FOR SELLINGGATHERING WASTES

HOUSING UNITS SCALE:DESIGN PROBLEMS, LIKE SHARED BATHROOMS, UN VENTITLATED ROOMSBAD CONDITIONS OF MOST OF THE BUILDINGSMOST OF THE ELEVATIONS ARE NOT FINISHED

FUNDING PROBLEMS:NO ENOUGH FUNDING FOR UPGRADING ALL THE AREALACK OF CONFIDENCE OF THE USERS LEAD TO NOT PARTICIPATE WITH THE GOVERNEMENT

CONSTRIANTS:

AL ZUMOUR STREAM & THE METRO LINE

YOUTH HOUSING

El SALAM STREET

FAISAL BRIDGE

(HOUSING UNITS PROBLEMS ACCORDING TO A SUVERY DONE BY EECA).

(HOUSING UNITS STUDIED DONE BY EECA).

النسبةعدد البيوت

بنية أساسية

% 1263انمياي ضعيفت

% 526مشاكم صزف صحي

اسباب تصميمية

% 19100انحماماث انمشتزكت

% 1263مضاءة عهى مىىر انصزف/ حجزاث غيز مضاءة طبيعيًا

اسباب اقتصادية

% 526عذو وجىد مياي بانمىزل

% 1789حىائط بذون تشطيباث

% 19100سىء حانت انتجهيزاث انصحيت

% 1157عذو وجىد مىاسيز تغذيت بانحماماث

% 210مشاكم في انكهزباء

انىسبت غيز محذدةبطانت/ دخىل مىخفضت

اسباب انشائية

% 1789(انخشب / انخزساوت ) تهانك األسقف

% 947وجىد مشاكم في انذرج

% 631انخارجيت/ شزوخ بانحىائط انذاخهيت

اسباب اجتماعية

انىسبت غيز محذدةوزاعاث قضائيت بيه انمانك وانسكان

انىسبت غيز محذدةكثافت سكاويت عانيت

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

المياه الصزف

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

الحماماث المشتزكت الحجزاث الغيز مضاءة

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

تشطيباث تجهيزاث

صحيت

مىاسيز تغذيت دخىل

منخفضت

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

مشاكل بالذرج شزوخ بالحىائط تهالك األسقف

(HOUSING UNITS PROBLEMS ACCORDING TO A SUVERY DONE BY EECA).

ANALYSIS

POTENTIALS

METHODOLOGY





Introduction


PHASE II PROGRAM DESIGNInternational Experiences in upgrading projects

1. INDONIEASIA

KAMPUNG IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

Urban upgrade

PROBLEMS

•The bad conditions of the buildings and roads.

•Lack of Infrastructure.

•Floods problems as a result of filling the drains with wastes.

•Shortage of social services.

•High percentage of Illiteracy.

SOLUTION

The project of "KIP" won the prize of the "Aga khan" where it improved the condition of about half of the citizens of Jakarta.

PARTICIPATION:

•Giving approval for removing the buildings that were required to be removed.

•Maintenance of the infrastructure after implementation.

•Organizing movement for collecting solid wastes.

FUNDING:

•The city private resources.

•Loan from the "International Bank".

•Some people participated in the funding of the water supplying infrastructure and gain their money from selling to the others who don't have water.

•Collecting monthly subscription by a representation for each neighborhood who pays the wastes collectors.

LESSONS LEARNED:

•The maintenance did not succeed, there are no specific group tasked for maintenance.

•The absence of Socialist and economists lead to avoided participation by the citizens which did not aid the people to benefit from the development by developing their personal skills.

•The economical level of the citizens did not improve as a result of the absence of encouragement for economical development.


2. PAKISTAN

ORANGI PROJECT IN KARACHI

Urban upgrade

INTRODUCTION

Population equals 120 million.

70 % of the population lives in the country side.

Karachi is the capital of Pakistan.

PROBLEMS

•Lack of systems for rain drainage lead to a great health & housing problems.

SOLUTION

•Selection of a housing spine the contains from 20 to 30 housing units to form the

•primary organizing unit.

PARTICIPATION

•Training program for the small contractors of the area to develop their skills.

•The project depended on Hypothesis that each group of inhabitants who lives

• in groups can form a social organization that can manage and take decisions.

LESSONS LEARNED

•Funding problems.

•The absence of social organization that can improve the group work.

•The lack of the skills that can help people to build an infrastructure.

RESULTS

•Improving housing technology as a result of developing small contactors.

•More than 3 thousand family benefited from the program.

•Succeeded in improving people's lives & more than 90 % of the inhabitants

• have implemented the sewage systems in coordination with the program.


3. Bangladeshi experience…Grameen bank establishing. The Bank For Those Without Money

Problem:

Extremely poor farmer’s community without shelter, with low income

(not enough for their basic needs)

Problem causing:

Bad economical and social conditions in the area.

The policy increases the Rich’s wealth and the Poor’s poverty.

Participation:

Public…loans for poor.

Solution:

setting up a loan banking system serving only the poor, without any

guarantees , to help them in constructing pre-fabricated housing

units with a low cost and areas of 20m2 s multiples.

Results analysis:

Physical aspect: loans.

Technical aspect: pre-fabricated construction, easy

to use.

Urban aspect: studying the areas required and the

design flexibility.

Conclusions and lessons:

Care about human factors, and offer the poor

communities a better social position.

Design simplicity (demanded by the poor) supports

the participation capability.


4. Zambia…Lusaka housing project (Zambia) , Lusaka the capital

Problem:1- 70% of Lusaka's people live in slums which

represent 20% of the total land area for Lusaka.

2- 80% of the people lie under the poverty line.

3- Population grows in a rate of 8.2% per year.

4- Infrastructure tumbles down.

5- Diseases of high percentage )Aids…(

6- Trash every where.

7- Only 10% of the houses are legal.

8- Emigration, because of the lack of vacancy

at country side.Solution:

1) 2 governmental teams:

a- Slums upgrading instead of removing

b- Site & services

2) People participation in decision making .

3) Small industries.

Comments :

-With ¼ the ordinary price, a suitable

housing units were constructed.

-Illegal housing became legal.

-Sufficient Tasks distribution upon the

partners.

-Offering Vacancies.

Participation:

1( The government…

1oans.. building

materials,

pay back on 15 years.

2) World bank

3) The people labor

(light jobs) upper &

infrastructure

maintenance.

Post occupation problems:

Insufficient loans advertising.

No loans for investments.

After a short period of time everything had

tumbled down again.

The system failed in getting

back the loans. (financial loans).


Jakarta to the capital.Jakarta (Indonesia) . 5

Problems:Upper & infrastructure tumble down. (specially draining network) .

Floods (land depression)

Trash gathering (solid wastes)

High children death rate.

Starvation.

Ignorance (no primary schools)

Participation:Government loans after the world bank by 5 years.

World bank loans.

People.

Solutions:Infra St. upgrading by the government except for water pipes which had been

paid by some people who sold it to others.

Schools & services construction.

Monthly fees for trash gathering.

Comments:Roads upgrading increasing communications

& transportation with the surrounding economical development.


6. TUNIS

HAFSEYA RE-INHABITING PROJECT.

Problem:

1) Recalling the traditional architectural.

Problems causing:

No sufficient housing maintenance due to the low financial and

social level. Hafseya district was for Jews at first, and when it

became a French colony at the 1930th.the poor families

stayed at their old lands.

Participation:

The government (the city preservation council).

Civil society.

Unisco (preservation).

The public (land possessing- design and decision making)

Solution:

Stage (1): 1- Make use of the all place potentials.

2- Local and simple labor and materials.

3- Respecting classical style of the place

identity with a modern spirit.

4- Rearranging the public areas distribution

According to usage hierarchy and allowing the

future extensions.

2) Stage (2): 1- upgrading the infrastructure, public buildings

and services by the means of the government

and the world bank.

Conclusions and lessons:

1) The importance of

people

satisfaction

towards their

place.

2) Minimizing the

housing unit

cost.

3) Sustainable

maintenance is

a basic factor in

a successful

urban

upgrading

project.

4) Rising of the culture

and social

conditions for

the public help

them to be in

charge.


Jordan (experimental urban upgrading)-7

Problems:

Lack of resources.

Population explosion emigration.

Participation:The government ..loans

World bank….loans

The people

Solutions:Concentrating on upgrading projects & investments

which give out a financial profit as funding for

a sustainable urban development & upgrading.

infrastructure Upgrading

People possessing for the land.

Core houses construction.

Services (schools – medical serv. – crafts academies....)

A part of the land will be sold by market price to act as an income, supporting the project .

NGO's & civil society organizations injection.

Comments:Healthy political environment effects the local

& global investments effecting upgrading sustainability motion.

Studying funding alternatives & considering the

target (low income) prevent the project from surprises, and controls it to reach its end successfully.

Country side upgrading & Family culturing, is directly reflected on the city urban condition.


EXAMPLES:4 Land Sharing in Bangkok ..TILAND..-8

Pattern of separate

landholdings before

pooling

Pattern after pooling - including

new street layout, parkland,

and sites for city expansion

Kaohsiung City, Taiwan


EXAMPLES:4 Land Sharing in Bangkok ..TILAND.. : The five basic requisites of land sharing are

1- Community organization: Negotiations for land sharing

require that slum dwellers organize to counter the thread of

eviction.

2- A land sharing agreement: This requires a binding

agreement to partition the land. Usually the land parcel

with the best development potential is allocated to the

landlord.

3- Densification: Rehousing the community in a smaller area

requires increased residential densities.

4- Reconstruction: The increase in density and the need to

clear part of the site usually necessitates the reconstruction

of houses.

5- Capital investment: Reconstruction requires capital from

the domestic savings of the residents or loans from outside

sources.

REFERENCE:

Land Sharing as an Alternative to Eviction. Shlomo Angel and

Somsook Boonyabancha. In Third World Planning Review, 10 (2)

1988.

GENERAL PREVIOUS ,PRESENT AND FUTURISTIC VISION

Historical brief about Egyptian experience in solving the informal settlements problem:

.

1966 Law no. 29 : Infrastructure for informal settlement.

1967 The relapse : Sudden emigration from the canal.

1967 Rise in housing units cost + Possessioning increscent.

1975 The ministry took charge of it all, (too much) instead of local

leaders.

60th 50% of the Built houses were informal.

70-80th 80% of the Built houses were informal.

90th 46% of the civil society population lived in informal settlements.

(20% of the Egyptians)

60-90% Concrete Jumped from 7 LE to 200LE.

1993 12 millions live in 1034 informal settlements.

46% of people in Cairo lived in informal settlements of an area =

24% of Cairo land area .

93-97 A plan to develop the city margins & secondary areas.

70th till now 84% of the constructed units are informal settlements.

REFERENCE : MONSTRY OF HOUSING..2003


Futuristic vision towards a solution:

-A governmental plan took hold to construct a national housing project with a rate of 85000 unit per year, for 5 years ( total= 425000 unit ).

Recommendation for such project:

1) Considering the Egyptian mentality, priories and paying capability, which will specify the housing models.

2) People participation in decisions making and financial funding.

3) Ngo`s injection for community development.

4) Suitable jobs opportunities.

5) Considering the exponential rate of population growth, and lands for urban future extensions.

6) A strong economical base for new urban communities.

-


Proposal policy:

1) Governmental investment increasing ( new cities, tourist resorts…etc) to reach the required budget for the first stage.

2) New formal housing construction ,with its all services and infrastructure requirements, the selected area depends on the incoming fund from the investments.. totally funded by the government and the world bank. People will participate financially in the next stage.

3) Flexible housing units ,in areas and designs. (20,40,60) m2 for example.

4) Mass media role in the project presentation. (showing a new educational and economical base concept in the new housing).

5) Removing the old slums, and reconstructing a new human formal housing with designs similar to old ones.

6) Neighbor will inhabit this new formal housing to evacuate another slum area to be developed.

7) Repeating this process will : a- Replace informal housing with formal one .

b- Create a new formal housing for low income.

-

PHASE II PROGRAM DESIGNGTZ Plan

Abu Qatada

Introduction:

population is over 36,442.

Problems:

1) Lack of infra structure (water supply and sewerage networks).

2) Al zomor canal causing a lot of pollution problems.

3) Lack of social and cultural schools.

4) Traffic problems.

5) No natural gas.

6) Insufficient bread selling stores.

7) Very bad streets condition.

Solutions according to priorities:

1. Rehabilitation of water supply and sewerage networks.

2. Financial control of bread selling stores.

3. Culvert alzomor canal.

4. Building up new schools.

5. Extending the area with natural gas.

6. Paving streets.

7. Traffic arrangement.

Financing small projects.

Creating new system for collecting garbage.

Broadening of Alzomor Street.

Upgrading “salam” market.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICYTRYING TO INTEGRATE THE SOCIAL ECONOMICAL AND

CULTURAL ASPECTS IN ATTEMPT TO TURN THIS COMMUNITY

INTO A PRODUCTIVE ONE THAT CAN SUSTAIN ITSELF

ECONOMICALLY AND SOCIALLY..

THIS IS DONE THROUGH TRYING TO ACCOMPLISH A NETWORK

BASICALLY BASED ON COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

PHASE II PROGRAM DESIGN

ECONOMICAL CELLS HEIRARCHY

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT

concept:the concept of the hierarchy of each individual house acts as a one productive unit or cell which can rely upon recycling, roof vegetation or any other base..the product of this cell will pour into the bigger productive unit either of the existing economic base in the streets or into the multi purpose market at al zomor stream.

GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR THE COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT

CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT-SOCIO

ARCHITETURAL DEVELOPMENT

PHASE II PROGRAM DESIGNSuggested policies for upgrading

OUT SIDE THE HOUSEELEVATIONSINFRASTRUCTURE

IN SIDE THE HOUSETHE LEVEL OF INVOLVMENT ACORDING TO EACH CASE

1. POLICY FOR DEVELOPMENTDividing the plan in two related parts, part for people & the other part for the government, By this way we will encourage people to participate which will in increase the scope of work, the relation between the people and the development.

PHASE II PROGRAM DESIGNSuggested policies for upgrading

The suggested policy of upgrading is to start through the entrances to make a larger impact, & to start from themid points to increase the interaction with the people.

1

2

3

4

The present starting point of the EECA

phase 2 (going further into the fabric streets )

ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT

phase 4 (completing the fabric in hierarchal

manner from main to secondary streets

phase 3 (focusing on nodes of gatherings)

phase 1 (starting by corners on the main

street)

ROOF VEGETATION AS A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

CULTURAL SPACES AS ATOOL FOR SUSTAINABLR DEVELOPMENT

3 main commercial avenuesforming the development core

Market area can be a place for rehabilitation centers and open green spaces

Al Dareeh and al mosque have a main role in upgrading the community cultural aspect initial point)

The area ofAl ZumourPond can beused as a ground for cultural and economical upgrading projects such as Handcraftsactivities and Cultural awareness centers.

Abee Qatada as a whole is adevelopment core for Bolaq

Detailed plan

..A.CLUSTER

INSIDE EACH CLUSTER AN INTERNAL PRELIMENARY SORTING PHASE SHALL TAKE PLACE INSIDE EACH INDIVIDUAL HOUSE.THEN THE GATHERING PHASE TAKES PLACE AND ALL POUR INTO THE NEAREST GATHERING POINT.

THE RECYCLING PHASES..

RECYCLING AS ATOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

GATHERING PROCESS SHALL BE

ORGANIZED BY DIVIDING THE COMMUNITY INTO CLUSTERS & EACH CLUSTER DELIVERS ITS RAW MATERIAL AT THE NEAREST GATHERING POINT TO BE ALL GATHERED AT THE DESERTED MARKET FOR THE NEXT PHASE.THESE TWO ROADS SHALL ACT AS THE MAIN STREAMS OF THIS FLOW.

PROPOSED MULTI-PURPOSE MARKET AT ALZOMOR STREAM WHERE PRODUCTS SHALL BE SOLD..

..B.INTIMATE AREA STUDY

GATHERING POINTS.

THE DESERTED MARKET PLACE WHERE SORTING,CLEANING,& MANUFACTURING SHALL TAKE PLACE..

RECYCLING AS ATOOL FOR DEVELOPMENT

C.GLOBAL AREA STUDY..

RECYCLING AS ATOOL FOR DEVELOPMENT

PROPOSED MULTI-PURPOSE MARKET AT ALZOMOR STREAM WHERE PRODUCTS SHALL BE SOLD..

COMMUNITY DIVIDED INTO SECTORS TO ORGANIZE GATHERING PROCEDURES.

AT THE DESERTED MARKET..)

FOR A BETTER WORLD

Housing and Community development in slum area of Bolaq elDakroor

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Transcript of Housing and Community development in slum area of Bolaq elDakroor