European Security, Syllabus 2015

European Security Syllabus Electives | Master’s Programme

Autumn 2015

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BALTDEFCOL UNCLASSIFIED

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European Security

Syllabus Mr. James Rogers Director, Department of Political and Strategic Studies [email protected] Room: Baltic Way Room Time: 12:30-14:20 Assessment: Examination (100%) 1,500 word essay (Master’s Programme) Credits: 2 ECTS Readings: All readings are available on Ilias

ELECTIVE OVERVIEW ‘European security’ is a directed-reading elective, which will provide stu-dents with an overview and in-depth analysis of the geopolitics of Euro-pean security; the history of the Euro-Atlantic structures; the European Union; and the future of the European geopolitical environment. In par-ticular, the elective will help students to understand the geopolitical rai-son d’être of both the Atlantic Alliance and the European Union (and its foreign, security and defence policies) and the foreign and strategic inter-ests of Europe’s major powers (France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States), as well as the potential issues likely to face countries in the ‘Wider Baltic’ region.

LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the elective, students should be able to:

1. Evaluate the key issues confronting European security in the early twenty-first century;

mailto:[email protected]


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2. Analyse the strategic interests of the great powers in European se-curity;

3. Apply the conceptual apparatus of the Euro-Atlantic structures to European security;

4. Understand the potentially divergent futures of the ‘Wider Baltic’ region;

5. Recognise the policies of the European Union.

MASTER’S COMPONENT Students taking European security as a component of the Latvian Nation-al Defence Academy’s Master’s Programme must complete a longer ar-gumentative essay (1,500 words). This should follow the same protocol as the Joint Command and General Staff Course’s Learning Area 5 – Critical Thinking and Communication guide and should be submitted by 09:00 on 9th December 2015. The essay should answer one of the following questions:

1. Is geopolitics re-emerging on the European continent? 2. Defence forces or expeditionary forces: which strategic posture best

reflects the needs of the Baltic States? 3. With their respective ‘pivots’ to the Indo-Pacific region, will the

United States and the United Kingdom continue to be able to un-derwrite European security?

4. Should the European Union integrate into a fully-fledged military power?

5. Is Russia re-emerging as a potential threat to the security of the ‘Wider Baltic’ region?

SEMINARS Seminars are designed for students to discuss the ideas found in the re-quired and supplementary readings. Students should read all required readings, as these will form the basis for the tasks given in each seminar, as well as one supplementary reading, which will provide specific knowledge about the topic under scrutiny.


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1. The geopolitics of European security 2nd September 2015 | ‘Three worlds’: Post-Cold War European security Topics covered: the collapse of the Soviet empire; neo-globalisation; the reunification of Germany; the emergence of the three zones of security and insecurity (the ‘pre-modern’, ‘modern’ and ‘post-modern’ zones); ac-celerating European integration; the unipolar world order. Required reading: Cooper, Robert. 1996. The Post-Modern State and the World Order. London: Demos, 1996.

Supplementary reading: Cottey, Andrew. 2007. Security in the New Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan,

2007, pp. 5-78.

9th September 2015 | Germany: the geo-economic ‘hegemon’? Topics covered: German strategic culture; the ‘German Question’ in Eu-ropean geopolitics; German industrial and demographic power; German influence in the European Union; German relations with Russia, France and the British and American ‘offshore balancers’. Required reading: Kundnani, Hans. 2011. Germany as a Geo-economic Power. The Washington Quarterly.

Summer, 2011, Vol. 34, 3.

Simms, Brendan. 2015. Germany’s triumph: from the ruins of war, how a new Europe-an empire was built. New Statesman. 30 July 2015.

Supplementary reading: Chivvis, Christopher S. and Rid, Thomas. 2009. The Roots of Germany’s Russia Policy.

Survival. March, 2009, Vol. 51, 2.

Gauck, Joachim. 2014. Germany’s role in the world: Reflections on responsibility, norms and alliances. Der Bundespräsident. [Online] 31 January 2014. [Cited: 20 Janu-


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ary 2015.] http://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/EN/JoachimGauck

/Reden/2014/140131-Munich-Security-Conference.html.

Maull, Hans W. 1990. Germany and Japan: The New Civilian Powers. Foreign Affairs. 1990/91, Winter, Vol. 69, 5.

Janning, Joseph. 2015. Bowling Alone: The Limits of German Power in Europe. European Leadership Network. [Online] 31 July 2015. [Cited: 20 August 2015.] http://www.europ

eanleadershipnetwork.org/bowling-alone-the-limits-of-german-power-in europe_

2996.html.

Rahr, Alexander. 2007. Germany and Russia: A Special Relationship. The Washington Quarterly. 2007, Vol. 30, 2.

Speck, Ulrich. 2015. German Power and the Ukraine Conflict. Carnegie Europe. [Online]

26 March 2015. [Cited: 20 August 2015.] http://carnegieeurope.eu/2015/03/26/germ

an-power-and-ukraine-conflict.

16th September | France: the ‘spider’ in the European web? Topics covered: French strategic culture; French intercontinental power;

France as the political motor of European integration; French relations

with Germany, the United Kingdom and United States; French relations

with Russia.

Required reading: Simon, Luis. 2013. The Spider in Europe’s Web? French Geostrategy from Iraq to Libya.

Geopolitics. 2013, Vol. 18, 2.

Simon, Luis. 2013. Setting the Tone: The 2013 French Defence White Paper and the Fu-

ture of European Defence. The RUSI Journal. 2013, Vol. 158, 4.

Supplementary reading: Heisbourg, Francois. 2013. A Surprising Little War: First Lessons of Mali. Survival: Glob-

al Politics and Strategy. 2013, Vol. 55, 2.

Howorth, Jolyon. 2014. ‘Opération Harmattan’ in Libya: a paradigm shift in French, Eu-

ropean and transatlantic security arrangements? Journal of Transatlantic Studies. 2014, Vol. 12, 4.

Simon, Luis. 2013. The French defence White Paper: do not write the French off just

yet. European Geostrategy. [Online] 1 May 2013. [Cited: 20 August 2015.] http://www.e

uropeangeostrategy.org/2013/05/2013-french-defence-white-paper-write-france-

just-yet/.


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23rd September | Russia: the ‘new imperialist’? Topics covered: the nadir of Russian power in the 1990s; the resurgence of Russia in the 2000s; the regime of Vladimir Putin; Russian strategic culture; Russian geostrategy in Eastern Europe. Required reading: Dawisha, Karen. 2015. The Putin Principle: How it Came to Rule Russia. World Affairs.

2015, May/June.

Krickovic, Andrej. 2014. Imperial nostalgia or prudent geopolitics? Russia's efforts to reintegrate the post-Soviet space in geopolitical perspective. Post-Soviet Affairs. 2014, Vol. 30, 6.

Supplementary reading: Aron, Leon. 2015. Putinology. The American Interest. 2015, Vol. 11, 1.

Berryman. John. 2012. Geopolitics and Russian Foreign Policy. International Politics. 2012, Vol. 49, 4.

Lukin, Alexander. 2014. What the Kremlin is Thinking? Putin’s Vision for Eurasia. For-eign Affairs. 2014, Vol. 93, 4.

Morozov, Viacheslav. 2013. Subaltern Empire? Towards a Postcolonial Approach to Russian Foreign Policy. Problems of Post-Communism. 2013, Vol. 60, 6.

7th October | The ‘offshore balancers’: Britain and America Topics covered: the geopolitical orientation of the British Isles and North America in relation to the European mainland; the ‘Special Relationship’ and the Atlantic Alliance; British and American ‘geo-structural’ power; British relations with France; British and American relations with Russia. Required reading: Rogers, James. 2015. After Crimea: Towards a New British Geostrategy for Eastern Europe?

London: The Henry Jackson Society, 2015.

Simon, Luis. 2015. Understanding US Retrenchment in Europe. Survival: Global Politics and Strategy. 2015, Vol. 57, 2.


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Supplementary reading: Blagden, David. 2015. Global Multipolarity, European security and implications for UK

grand strategy: back to the future, once again. International Affairs. 2015, Vol. 91, 2.

Grygiel, Jacob. 2012. The Faulty Logic of the European Union and Its Consequences for the United States. Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs. Fall, 2012, Vol. 56, 4.

Rogers, James. 2014. Why the UK Must Lead in Upholding the European Security Or-der. RUSI Newsbrief. September, 2014, Vol. 34, 5.

2. History of the Euro-Atlantic structures 14th October 2015 | NATO: ‘empire by invitation’? Topics covered: Sir Halford Mackinder and the Midland Ocean; the Dunkirk, Brussels and Washington treaties; Article 5, deterrence and as-surance; NATO after the Cold War; expeditionary operations versus homeland defence. Required reading: Mackinder, Halford. 1943. The Round World and the Winning of the Peace. Foreign Af-

fairs. 1943, Vol. 21, 1.

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation. 2012. What is NATO? Brussels: Public Diplomacy Division, 2012.

Rogers, James. 2014. The geopolitics of the Atlantic Alliance. European Geostrategy. [Online] 8 June 2014. [Cited: 20 August 2015.] http://www.europeangeostrategy.org /2014/06/geopolitics-atlantic-alliance/.

Herd, Graeme P., Kriendler, John and Wittman, Klaus. 2013. NATO’s Genesis and adaption: From Washington to Chicago. [eds.] Graeme P. Herd and John Kriendler. Understanding NATO in the 21st Century. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.

Supplementary reading: Gardner, Hall. 2002. NATO Enlargement and Geostrategic History: Alliances and the

Question of War and Peace. [ed.] Carl C. Hodge. NATO for a New Century – Atlantics and European Security. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2002.

Locatelli, Andrea and Testoni, Michele. 2009. Intra-allied competition and alliance du-rability: the case for promoting a division of labour among NATO allies. European Security. September, 2009, Vol. 18, 3.


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Mattelaer, Alexander. 2011. How Afghanistan has strengthened NATO. Survival. De-cember, 2011, Vol. 53, 6.

Noetzel, Timo and Schreer, Benjamin. 2009. NATO's Vietnam? Afghanistan and the Future of the Atlantic Alliance. Contemporary Security Policy. November, 2009, Vol. 30, 3.

Spelling, James and Weber, Mark. 2009. NATO: from Kosovo to Kabul. International Affairs. May, 2009, Vol. 85, 3.

21st October 2015 | Neo-Venusians? European strategic culture Topics covered: strategic culture; security culture; grand strategy; Robert Kagan; ‘civilian power’; the European Security Strategy; Report on the Implementation of the European Security Strategy. Required reading: Kagan, Robert. 2002. Power and Weakness: Why the United States and Europe see the world

differently. Policy Review. 2002, Vol. 113.

Ham, Peter van. 2008. The Power of War: Why Europe Needs It. The Hague: Clingendael Institute, 2008.

Rogers, James. 2012. Empowering the tribe: Confidence comes before strategy. [eds.] Roderick Parkes and Ryszarda Formuszewicz. Stocktaking of EU Strategising. Warsaw: European Global Strategy, 2012.

Supplementary reading: European Council. 2003. A secure Europe in a better world. European Security Strategy.

Brussels: European Union, 2003.

European Council. 2008. Report on the Implementation of the European Security Strategy: Providing Security in a Changing World. Brussels: European Union, 2008.

Duchêne, Francois. 1972. Europe’s Role in World Peace. [ed.] Richard Mayne. Europe Tomorrow: Sixteen Europeans Look Ahead. London: Fontana, 1972.

Edwards, Geoffrey. 2006. Is there a Security Culture in the Enlarged European Union? International Spectator. 2006, Vol. 41, 3.

Hyde-Price, Adrian. 2004. European Security, Strategic Culture, and the Use of Force. European Security. 2004, Vol. 13, 4.

Mérand, Frédéric, Bonneu, Mathias and Faure, Samuel. 2009. What do ESDP actors want? An exploratory analysis. European Security. 2009, Vol. 18, 3.


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Norheim-Martinsen, Per M. 2011. EU Strategic Culture: When the Means Becomes the End. Contemporary Security Policy. 2011, Vol. 32, 3.

Rehrl, Jochen and Weisserth, Hans-Bernhard. 2011. Handbook on CSDP. Vienna: Armed Forces Printing Centre, 2011, pp. 17-25.

28th October 2015 | European Union: a ‘global’ power? Topics covered: the development of European foreign policy; the treaties of Amsterdam, Nice and Lisbon; the Common Foreign and Security Poli-cy; the Neighbourhood Policy and Eastern Partnership; identities of ‘normative’ and ‘global’ power. Required reading: Wood Steve and Quaisser, Wolfgang. 2007. The New European Union: Confronting the

Challenges of Integration. Bolder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 2007, pp. 115-154.

Boyer, Yves. 2013. Challenges and Global Role of the European Union. [eds.] Bo Huldt, Pekka Sivonen, Tomas Reis and Camilla Huldt. The Emerging Global Security Envi-ronment. Stockholm: National Defence College, 2013.

Supplementary reading: Alboni, Roberto. 2005. The Geopolitical Implications of the European Neighbourhood

Policy. European Foreign Affairs Review. 2005, Vol. 10, 1.

Angelet, Bruno and Vrailas, Ioannis. 2008. European Defence in the Wake of the Lisbon Treaty. Brussels: Academia Press, May 2008.

Biscop, Sven and Algieri, Franco. 2008. The Lisbon Treaty and ESDP: Transformation and Integration. Brussels: Academia Press, 2008.

Edwards, Geoffrey. 2013. Diplomacy and the CFSP: with new hands on the wheel, have we something that’s real? [eds.] Sven Biscop and Richard G. Whitman. The Routledge Handbook of European Security. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.

Haukkala, Hiski. 2013. The Three Paradigms of European Security in Eastern Europe: Co-operation, competition and conflict. [ed.] Sven Biscop and Richard G. Whitman. The Routledge Handbook of European Security. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.

Reis, Tomas. 2009. The Globalising Security Environment and the EU. [ed.] Alvaro de Vasconelos. Ambitions for European Defence in 2020? Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2009.


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Rogers, James. 2009. From ‘Civilian Power’ to ‘Global Power’: Explicating the European Union’s ‘Grand Strategy’ Through the Articulation of Discourse Theory. Journal of Common Market Studies. September, 2009, Vol. 47, 4.

Toje, Asle. 2011. The European Union as a Small Power. Journal of Common Market Stud-ies. January, 2011, Vol. 49, 1.

4th November 2015 | Reading Period

11th November 2015 | The Common Security and Defence Policy Topics covered: the Wars of the Yugoslav Succession; the St. Malo Ac-cords; utility of military power; the Headline Goals (2003 and 2010); Eu-ropean Union civilian and military overseas operations. Required reading: Rehrl, Jochen and Weisserth, Hans-Bernhard. 2011. Handbook on CSDP. Vienna: Armed

Forces Printing Centre, 2011, pp. 27-87.

Shepherd, Alistair J. K. 2009. ‘A milestone in the history of the EU’: Kosovo and the EU’s international role. International Affairs, May, 2009, Vol. 85, 3.

Rogers, James. 2013. Why do Europeans need armed forces? Policy Brief No. 168. Brus-sels: FRIDE, 2013.

Supplementary reading: Biscop, Sven and Coelmont, Jo. 2013. Military CSDP: The quest for capability. [eds.]

Sven Biscop and Richard G. Whitman. The Routledge Handbook of European Security. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.

Giegerich, Bastian. 2010. Military and Civilian Capabilities for EU-led Crisis-Management Operations. [ed.] Bastian Giegerich. Europe and Global Security. Abing-don: Routledge, 2010.

Merlingen, Michael. 2013. The CSDP in the Western Balkans: From experimental pilot to security governance. [eds.] Sven Biscop and Richard G. Whitman. The Routledge Handbook of European Security. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.

Pirozzi, Nicoletta and Sandawi, Sammi. 2009. Military and Civilian ESDP Missions: Ever Growing and Effective? Rome: Isitituto Affari Internazionale, 2009.

Quille, Gerrard. 2006. The European Security and Defence Policy: from the Helsinki Headline Goal to the EU Battlegroups. Brussels: European Parliament, 2006.


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Riddervold, Marianne. 2011. Finally flexing its muscles? Atalanta – The European Un-ion’s naval military operation against piracy. European Security. October, 2011, Vol. 20, 3.

Schulz, Michael and Söderholm, Frederik. 2010. Theorising the EU’s role in regional conflict management. European Security. December, 2010, Vol. 19, 3.

Vlachos-Dengler, Katia. 2002. Getting there: building strategic mobility into ESDP. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2002.

4. The future of European security 18th November 2015 | After the ‘pivot(s)’: is NATO still relevant? Topics covered: the American, British and French ‘pivots’ to the Indo-Pacific; NATO’s Wales Summit (2014); NATO’s assurance measures; the future of the Atlantic Alliance. Required reading: Shambaugh, David. 2013. Assessing the US ‘pivot’ to Asia. Strategic Studies Quarterly.

Summer, 2013, Vol. 7, 2.

Rogers, James. 2013. European (British and French) geostrategy in the Indo-Pacific. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region. June, 2013, Vol. 9, 1.

Rogers, James and Romanovs, Ugis. 2015. NATO’s Eastern Flank: Rebuilding Deter-rence. RUSI Newsbrief. May, 2015, Vol. 35, 3.

Supplementary reading: Blount, Clive. 2013. Staying in Step: The US ‘Pivot’ and UK Strategic Choices. Strategic

Studies Quarterly. Summer, 2013, Vol. 7, 2.

Fedyszyn, Thomas R. 2010. Saving NATO: Renunciation of the Article 5 Guarantee. Or-bis: A Journal of World Affairs. June, 2010, Vol. 54, 3.

Herd, Graeme P. and Kriendler, John. 2013. ‘Good enough is better than good’: To-wards a third ‘transatlantic bargain’? [eds.] Graeme P. Herd and John Kriendler. Un-derstanding NATO in the 21st Century. Abingdon: Routledge, 2013.

Kashmeri, Sarwar A. 2011. NATO 2.0: Reboot or Delete? Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2011, pp. 21-66.

Ross, Robert S. 2013. US Grand Strategy, the Rise of China and US National Security Strategy for East Asia. Strategic Studies Quarterly. Summer, 2013, Vol. 7, 2.


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Saint-Mezárd, Isabelle. 2013. The French strategic vision of the Indian Ocean. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region. June, 2013, Vol. 9, 1.

Simon, Luis and Fiott, Daniel. 2014. Europe after the U.S. Pivot. Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs. 2014, Vol. 58, 3.

Simon, Luis. 2014. Assessing NATO’s Eastern European ‘Flank’. Parameters. Autumn, 2014, Vol. 44, 3.

Simon, Luis. 2014. ‘Back to Basics’ and ‘Out of Area’: Towards a Multi-Purpose NATO. The RUSI Journal. June, 2014, Vol. 159, 3.

Stansfield, Gareth and Kelly, Saul. 2013. A Return East of Suez? UK Military Deployment to the Gulf. London: Royal United Services Institute, 2013.

Stokes, Doug. 2013. Goodbye America? Transatlantic Grand Strategy after the Financial Crisis. The RUSI Journal. August/September, 2013, Vol. 158, 4.

Whitman, Richard and Stokes, Doug. 2013. Transatlantic triage? European and UK ‘grand strategy’ after the US rebalance to Asia. International Affairs. September, 2013, Vol. 89, 5.

Yoshihara, Toshi. 2013. The US Navy’s Indo-Pacific Challenge. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region. June, 2013, Vol. 9, 1

25th November 2015 | European Union: power through integration?

Topics covered: the European Union as a strategic power; the ‘deepening’ versus ‘widening’ debate; the future of the European Union and Europe-an integration. Required reading:

Rehrl, Jochen and Weisserth, Hans-Bernhard. 2011. Handbook on CSDP. Vienna: Armed

Forces Printing Centre, 2011, pp. 124-131.

Simón, Luis. 2012. CSDP, Strategy and Crisis Management: Out of Area or Out of Busi-ness? International Spectator. 2012, Vol. 47, 3.

Rogers, James. 2015. An EU Global Strategy: Developing the ‘will to power’? European Leadership Network. [Online] 22 July 2015. [Cited: 20 August 2015.] http://www.eur opeanleadershipnetwork.org/an-eu-global-strategy-developing-the-will-to-power _2964.html.

Rogers, James. 2011. A New Geography of European Power. Egmont Paper 42. Brussels: Academia Press, 2011.


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Supplementary reading: Bentegeat, Henri. 2009. What aspirations for European defence? [ed.] Alvaro de

Vasconcelos. Ambitions for European Defence in 2020? Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2009.

Biscop, Sven. 2012. EU Grand Strategy: Optimism is Mandatory. Brussels: Egmont Institute, 2012.

Keohane, Daniel. 2013. Strategic Priorities for EU Defence Policy. Paris: Notre Europe, 2013.

Rogers, James. 2009. From Suez to Shanghai: the European Union and Asian maritime securi-ty. Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2009.

2nd December 2015 | The ‘Wider Baltic’: new geopolitical implications? Topics covered: implications of European geopolitics for the countries of the ‘Wider Baltic’, especially Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; the future of European security. Required reading: Simón, Luis and Rogers, James. 2010. The Return of European Geopolitics: All Roads

Lead Through London. The RUSI Journal. June/July, 2010, Vol. 155, 3.

Kramer, Steven P. 2012. The Return of History in Europe. The Washington Quarterly. Au-tumn, 2012, Vol. 35, 4.

Rogers, James and Cusumano, Eugenio. 2015. Cassandra Vindicated: Baltic Perceptions of NATO’s ‘New Deterrence of Russia. RUSI Newsbrief. July, 2015, Vol. 35, 4.

Rogers, James and Romanovs, Ugis. 2015. Baltic Military Preparations After Ukraine: A Sufficiently Prickly Deterrent? RUSI Newsbrief. March, 2015, Vol. 35, 2.

Supplementary reading: Eyal, Jonathan. 2012. The EU’s Alternative Futures. The RUSI Journal. February, 2012,

Vol. 157, 1.

Grygiel, Jakub. 2013. Europe: Strategic Drifter. The National Interest. June, 2013.

Kupchan, Charles A. 2010. The Potential Twilight of the European Union. New York City: Council on Foreign Relations, 2010.

Molis, Arūnas. 2006. Role and Interests of Small States in Developing European Securi-ty and Defence Policy. Baltic Security and Defence Review. 2006, Vol. 8, 1.


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Rachman, Gideon. 2012. Europe’s Zero-Sum Dilemma, The National Interest. May/June, 2012.

Rogers, James. 2012. Geopolitics and the ‘Wider North’: The United Kingdom as a ‘Stra-tegic Pivot’. The RUSI Journal. December, 2012, Vol. 157, 6.

Terlikowski, Marcin. 2013. No One Left Behind? European Defence and ‘Brexit’. The RUSI Journal. August/September, 2013, Vol. 158, 4.

5. Examination 9th December 2015 | Examination

x Students will have two hours to answer five out of ten questions.

European Security, Syllabus 2015

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