E4420 V13 REV - World Bank Documents

NATIONAL POWER TRANMISSION CORPORATION Northern Power Projects Management Board

-------------------------------

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

(Final)

SUBPROJECT:

TAY HA NOI 220KV SUBSTATION

PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF ENERGY

Ha Noi, March 2014

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E4420 V13 REV

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HANOI WEST SUB220KV SUBSTATION CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT PROJECT

Environmental impact assessment report

Institute of Energy / 177

CONTENT

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... 7

1.1. GENERAL INFOMATION OF PROJECT ............................................................... 8

1.2. MAIN CONTENT OF PROJECT ............................................................................... 9

1.3. IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DIMINUTION SOLUTION OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................................................................... 11

1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PROGRAM ....... 16

CHAPTER 1: BRIEF DISCRIPTION ................................................................................... 34

1.1. NAME OF PROJECT ................................................................................................. 34

1.2. THE OWNER .............................................................................................................. 34

1.3. POSITION OF PROJECT ......................................................................................... 34

1.4. MAIN CONTENT OF PROJECT ............................................................................. 36

1.4.1. Target of project .................................................................................................... 36

1.4.2. Execution manner and volume of project .............................................................. 47

1.4.3. Production and operation technology .................................................................... 52

1.4.4. List of equipment and machine ............................................................................. 53

1.4.5. Material, fuel ......................................................................................................... 56

1.4.6. Schedule of project ................................................................................................ 57

1.4.7. Investment capital .................................................................................................. 57

1.4.8. Management and operation organization .............................................................. 58

CHAPTER 2: NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 60

2.1. NATURAL CONDITIONS ........................................................................................ 60

2.1.1. Geological conditions ............................................................................................ 60

2.1.2. Geologic conditions ............................................................................................... 60

2.1.3. Meteorological conditions ..................................................................................... 65

2.1.4. Hydrologic conditions ........................................................................................... 74

2.1.5. Physical geology, earthquake and electric resistivity ............................................ 76

2.1.6. Current situation of quality of physical environment components ....................... 76

2.1.7. Current situation of ecology and biodiversity ....................................................... 92

2.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT AREA ........................ 98

2.2.1. Population .............................................................................................................. 98

2.2.2. Economic conditions ............................................................................................. 98

2.2.3. Public constructions and technical infrastructure .................................................. 99

2.2.4. Health – culture – education services .................................................................. 101

CHAPTER 3: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ........................................ 102

3.1. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................... 102




3.1.1. Assess the impact of site preparation phase ........................................................ 102

3.1.2. Assess the impact of the construction phase ....................................................... 111

3.1.3. Impact assessment during operation stage .......................................................... 122

3.1.4. Impact of risks and incidents ............................................................................... 128

3.2. REMARKS ON LEVELS OF DETAILS, OF RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT . 130

3.2.1. Level of details, reliability assessment ................................................................ 130

3.2.2. Regarding difficulties and errors in evaluation ................................................... 131

CHAPTER 4: MITIGATION MEASURES AGAINST NEGATIVE IMPACTS, REVENTION AND RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENTS.......................... 132

4.1. MITIGATION SOLUTIONS DURING SITE PREPARATION PHASE ........... 132

4.1.1. Mitigation solutions related to waste ................................................................... 132

4.1.2. The mitigation measures for impacts that not related to waste ........................... 134

4.2. MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION .............. 135

4.2.1. Measures for impacts related to waste ................................................................ 135

4.2.2. Mitigation measures from sources not related to waste ...................................... 138

4.3. MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACTS DURING OPERATION ...................... 140

4.3.1. Mitigation measures related to waste .................................................................. 140

4.3.2. Mitigation measures for impacts not related to waste ......................................... 142

4.4. MEASURES FOR PREVENTION AND RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENTS ........................................................................................................................... 143

4.4.1. During the construction phase ............................................................................. 143

4.4.2. Operation stage .................................................................................................... 144

CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PROGRAM 147

5.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ........................................... 147

5.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM .............................................. 160

5.2.1. Environmental monitoring during land preparation and construction stage ....... 160

5.2.2. Environment monitoring during operation stage ................................................. 166

5.2.3. Budget estimation for environment monitoring .................................................. 171

CHAPTER 6: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ........................................................................ 172

6.1. ADVICE OF PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF DONG QUANG COMMUNE ..... 172

6.2. REPLY AND COMMITMENT OF THE PROJECT DEVELOPER TO SUGGESSION OF PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE ................................................................. 173




LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1.1. VOLUME OF MAIN CONSTRUCTION ITEMS OF PROJECT .......................... 47

TABLE 1.2. TEMPORARY YARD SCALE ............................................................................... 52

TABLE 1.3. LIST OF EQUIPMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ............................ 53

TABLE 1.4. LIST OF MAIN EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL OF STATION ........................ 53

TABLE 1.5. MAJOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL SUMMARIZATION ............................ 56

TABLE 1.6. LIST OF MONTHLY AVERAGE USAGE MATERIAL AND FUEL .................. 57

TABLE 1.7. ECONOMIC – FINANCIAL ANALYSIS RESULT .............................................. 57

TABLE 1.8. INVESTMENT CAPITAL SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS RESULT ........................ 58

TABLE 2.1. SUMMARY OF PHYSIC-MECHANICAL CRITERIA OF LAND LAYERS ...... 61

TABLE 2.2. SUMMARY OF PHYSIC-MECHANICAL CRITERIA OF LAND ...................... 63

TABLE 2.3. SUMMARY OF PHYSIC-MECHANICAL CRITERIA OF LAND LAYERS ...... 65

TABLE 2.4. MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE FROM 2002 TO 2011 (0C) ....................... 66

TABLE 2.5. RELATIVE AVERAGE HUMIDITY OF MONTHS FROM 2002 TO 2011(%) ... 66

TABLE 2.6.TOTAL HOURS OF SUNLIGHT MONTHLY AND ANNUALLY IN HA DONG WEATHER STATION (HOURS) ................................................................................................ 67

TABLE 2.7.AVERAGE MONTHLY AND ANNUALLY WIND SPEED (M/S) ...................... 67

TABLE 2.8. MEAN MONTHLY EVAPORATION FROM 2002 TO 2011 IN HA DONG WEATHER STATION (UNIT: MM) ........................................................................................... 72

TABLE 2.9. MEAN MONTHLY PRECIPITATION IN 2002-2011 (MM) ................................ 72

TABLE 2.10. STATISTICS ON MEAN MONTHLY AND YEARLY WATER LEVEL IN THE PROJECT AREA .......................................................................................................................... 74

TABLE 2.11. STATISTICS ON HIGHEST MONTHLY AND YEARLY WATER LEVEL IN THE PROJECT AREA ................................................................................................................. 75

TABLE 2.12. STATISTICS ON MINIMUM MONTHLY AND YEARLY WATER LEVEL IN THE PROJECT AREA ................................................................................................................. 75

TABLE 2.13. LOCATIONS FOR AIR SAMPLING IN THE PROJECT AREA........................ 77

TABLE2.14. RESULTS OF MICROCLIMATE MEASUREMENT .......................................... 78

TABLE 2.15. RESULTS OF DUST CONTENT MEASUREMENT .......................................... 79

TABLE 2.16. ANALYSIS RESULTS OF TOXIC GASES CONCENTRATION ...................... 80

TABLE 2.17.RESULTS OF SOUND LEVEL MEASUREMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA AND ITS SURROUNDING AREA ............................................................................................. 81

TABLE 2.18. RESULTS OF VIBRATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA ............................................................................................................................................ 82

TABLE 2.19. ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY ............................... 84

TABLE 2.20. ANALYSIS RESULTS OF UNDERGROUND WATER QUALITY .................. 87

TABLE 2.21. ANALYSIS RESULTS OF LAND QUALITY ..................................................... 89

TABLE 2.20. MEASUREMENT RESULTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON 05 OCTOBER 2012 ........................................................................................................................... 90




TABLE 2.21.COMPONENTS OF PLANT PLANKTON IN THE PROJECT AREA ................ 95

TABLE 2.22. ZOOPLANKTON IN THE PROJECT AREA ....................................................... 97

TABLE 3.1. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF VEHICLES INVOLVED IN TRANSPORTING ... 103

TABLE 3.2. THE POLLUTANT EMISSIONS LIMIT FOR TRUCKS TRAVELLING 1KM STREET ...................................................................................................................................... 104

TABLE 3.3. LOAD OF POLLUTANTS FROM TRANSPORT VEHICLES ........................... 104

IN THIS PHASE, THE MAIN EQUIPMENT USED INCLUDES: .......................................... 104

TABLE 3.4. THE MAIN EQUIPMENT IN SITE PREPARATION STAGE ........................... 104

APPLY EMISSION FACTORS IN AP 42 WHO AND U.S. EPA 1994 VERSION. THE CONCENTRATION OF DUST AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS DUE TO THE OPERATION OF LEVELING EQUIPMENT IS ESTIMATED AS FOLLOWS: ..................................................... 105

TABLE 3.5. POLLUTANT LOAD FROM LEVELING EQUIPMENT ................................... 105

DEPENDING ON THE QUALITY OF ENGINES, MACHINERY, SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL OF THE VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY (ASSUMING FLAT TERRAIN CONDITIONS AND NO VEGETATION COVER) WERE STATISTICALLY AS FOLLOWS: ............................................................................................................................ 109

TABLE 3.6. THE NOISE LEVEL OF THE GROUND LEVELING EQUIPMENTS .............. 109

TABLE 3.7. EMISSION LOADS OF POLLUTANTS .............................................................. 113

TABLE 3.8. ESTIMATED EMISSION LOADS ....................................................................... 114

TABLE 3.9. THE CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER - CONSTRUCTION PHASE ........................................................................................................ 116

TABLE 3.10. THE CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER - OPERATION PHASE .............................................................................................................. 124

TABLE 5-1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM .......................................... 149

TABLE 5-2: LOCATION OF CHECKPOINTS OF AIR QUALITY, NOISE AND VIBRATION DURING LAND LEVELING AND CONSTRUCTION ........................................................... 160

TABLE 5-3: LOCATIONS OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING DURING LAND LEVELING AND CONSTRUCTION STAGE .......................................................................... 164

TABLE 5-4: BUDGET ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENT MONITORING .................... 171




LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1. REPORT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS ORDER EIA .................................... 25

FIGURE 1.1. EXPECTED POSITION OF WEST HANOI 220KV SUBSTATION .................. 36

46

FIGURE 1.3. WEST HANOI 220KV SUBSTATION LAYOUT ................................................ 46

FIGURE 2.1.GEOLOGICAL POSITION OF QUOC OAI DISTRUCT - HANOI ..................... 60

FIGURE 2.2. 12-MONTH WIND ROSE IN PROJECT AREA .................................................. 70

FIGURE 2.3.WIND ROSE IN PROJECT AREA IN 02 TYPICAL SEASONS (SUMMER AND WINTER) ...................................................................................................................................... 71

FIGURE 2.4. LOCATIONS OF AIR SAMPLING ...................................................................... 78

FIGURE 2.5. LOCATIONS OF TAKING SURFACE WATER SAMPLES .............................. 84

FIGURE 2.6.LOCATIONS WHERE UNDERGROUND WATER SAMPLES WERE TAKEN 87

FIGURE 2.7.LOCATIONS WHERE LAND SAMPLES WERE TAKEN .................................. 89

FIGURE 2.8.LOCATIONS WHERE ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELD WAS MEASURED ..... 91

FIGURE 2.9. CHART DESCRIBING ELECTRIC INTENSITY IN THE PROJECT AREA .... 91

FIGURE 3.1. AREA OF EFFECT OF NOX IN GROUND LEVELING STAGE .................... 106

FIGURE 3.2. AREA OF EFFECT OF SOX IN GROUND LEVELING STAGE ..................... 106

FIGURE 3.3. AREA OF EFFECT OF DUST IN GROUND LEVELING STAGE ................... 107

FIGURE 3.4. AREA OF EFFECT OF CO IN GROUND LEVELING STAGE ....................... 107

FIGURE 3.5: IMPACTS DUE TO NOISE IN THE PREPARATION PHASE ......................... 110

FIGURE 3.6. AFFECTED RANGE OF NOX IN THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE ................ 115

FIGURE 3.7. AFFECTED RANGE OF CO2 IN THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE .................. 115

FIGURE 3.8. IMPACT RANGE OF NOISE DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ................ 119

FIGURE 3.9. NOISE IMPACTS SURROUNDING TRANSFORMER AREA ........................ 123




LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AMB : Northern electricity project Management Board

BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand

COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand

CSMT : Environment police

ĐDK : Overhead transmission line

EIA : Environment Impact Assessment

ĐTXDCT : Project Construction Investment

MBA : Transformer

NPT : National Power Transmission Corporation

PCCC : Fire protection

IE : Institute of Energy

QCVN : Vietnam Code

QLDA : Project Management

TBA : Substation

TCN : Standard of Branch

TCXD : Standard of Construction

TNMT : Environment Resource

UBND : People’s Committee

WHO : Word Healthy Organization




ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT SUMMARIZATION

According to Electricity development plan of Hanoi capital in period of 2011-2015 with considering to 2020 being approved by the Ministry of Industry and Trade through Decision No. 4351/QĐ-BCT dated 29/8/2011, West Hanoi 220kV substation construction investment Project will be anticipatively completed in 2015 with task to supply electricity safely and effectively for West Hanoi including Son Tay town and 6 districts in the North of highway six as Ba vi, Phuc Tho, Dan Phuong, Hoai Duc, Thach That and Quoc Oai towns, this is important load area with developed economy-society of the capital. Furthermore, this project also contributes to strengthen ability of supplying electricity safely and effectively for Hanoi power transmission system and area, ensure safe and stable operation for national power system.

1.1. GENERAL INFOMATION OF PROJECT

a. Information for the Owner

Name of project: West Hanoi 220kV substation Construction Investment.

The Owner: Northern electricity project Management Board - The Director: Mr. Phan Luong Thien

- Address: 1111D, Hong Ha road, Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi capital

- Phone: 04.2210 3112

- Fax: 04.3984 0824

b. The basis of making Environment Impact Assessment

- The Circular No.26/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 18/07/2011 of Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment (MONRE) stipulated some of articles of Decree 29/2011/ND-CP dated 4/2011 of Government stipulating about evaluating strategic environment, evaluating environmental impact and committing environmental protection;

- National power development plan in period 2011-2015 with considering to 2030 being carried out by Institute of Energy and approved by Prime Minister through Decision No.1208/QĐ-TTg dated 21/7/2011;

- Power development plan of Hanoi capital in period 2011-2015 with considering to 2020 being approved by Ministry of Industry and Trade through Decision No. 4351/QĐ-BCT dated 29/8/2011;




- Decision No.186/TTg-KTN dated 27/1/2010 of Prime Minister approving the project “Imperative solutions to supply electricity for Hanoi capital in period 2010-2011”;

- Official document No. 4208/UBND-CT dated 10/6/2010 of Hanoi People’s committee to agree locations of West Hanoi (Hoai Duc district in the past) 220/110kV substation and 220kV, 110 kV transmission line routes connected to that substation;

- Official document No.5941/EVN HANOI-B04 dated 15/09/2010 of Hanoi Power Corporation to agree to connect 110kV and 35kV transmission line routes to West Hanoi 220/110kV substation (Hoai Duc district in the past) and capacity of aux.substation got from local electricity source;

- Decision No. 0172/QĐ-NPT dated 21/02/2012 of National Power Transmission Corporation approving West Hanoi (Hoai Duc district in the past) 220kV substation construction investment project;

- Official document No. 223/SNN-ĐĐ dated 24/2/2012 of Agricultural and rural development department of Hanoi capital to agree to expand entrance of West Hanoi (Hoai Duc district in the past) 500/220kV substation;

- West Hanoi 220kV substation construction investment project report established by Institute of Energy in 2/2012;

- Basis design report of West Hanoi 220kV substation project established by Institute of Energy in 2/2012;

1.2. MAIN CONTENT OF PROJECT

Project location

West Hanoi (Quoc Oai and Hoai Duc district in the past) 220kV substation is anticipatively located at rice field of Yen Noi Hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai town, Hanoi capital. Geographic location of this land area as follows:

- The East: Day river dyke, section from Lang - Hoa Lac to highway six.

- The North: rice field being about 1km far away from center of Quoc Oai town.

- The South: being contiguous to residential area of Dong Quang commune.

- The West: being contiguous to irrigation canal of district and rice field of Dong Quang commune in the distance.

Substation location is about 1km far away from center of Quoc Oai town in the North.

Residential area of Yen Noi hamlet, Dong Quang commune is the nearest one to West Hanoi 220kV subtstation (about 400m far away from the project in the North). West




Hanoi 220kV substation is expectedly operated in 2015 and fenced isolated from surrounding areas (seeing figure 1.1, chapter 1 in the report).

b. Scale and items of the project

West Hanoi 220kV substation:

- Area inside station fence : 55,289.0 m2

- Area of the substation : 60,220.0 m2

- Construction area : 4,982.0 m2

- Area of concrete road inside station : 6,072.7 m2

- Macadam area of substation foundation : 32,516.0 m2

- Land filling volume : 119,355.0 m3

Entrance of substation:

- Area : 8,389.295 m2

- Area of concrete road : 1,411 m2

- Land filling volume : 7,258.0 m3

Scale of the project in this stage only includes substation construction, connection with 35kV transmission line and new 261m road construction connected Day river dyke to substation. Other contents such as fiber cable system, connection with 110kV transmission line are independent projects and will be presented in other reports.

c. Implementation Schedule

- Making investment project : Quarter 1/2012

- Making technical design : Quarter 2/2013

- Preparing equipment bid document : Quarter 3/2013

- Preparing construction and installation bid document : Quarter 3/2013

- Making detail design : Quarter 4/2013

- Project commencement : Quarter 4/2013

- Inauguration and hand over : Quarter 4/2014

d. Investment capital

Total investment capital of the project: 648,003,820,000 VND.

In which: Domestic capital: 483,884,465 VND.

Foreign capital: 164,119,354 VND.




1.3. IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DIMINUTION SOLUTION

OF THE PROJECT

a. Site preparation phase

- Air environment impact caused by dust generated during site leveling, material and waste transportation, operations of machines on site and construction activities at entrance of the substation. According to calculations from the gaseous diffusion model, concentration of pollutants in this period doesn’t increase significantly. Impact area is only in construction site, transportation road and surrounding area. However, this stage only lasts 2.5 months so the impact is not significant and it can be minimized via complying strictly inhibited diminution solutions presented in Chapter 4 of report.

- Impact on water environment: When it rains, there will appear phenomenons such as erosion, washing out surface soil layer. This phenomenon will raise the amount of surface suspended solids in river near project area leading to influence on river water quality of this area.

- Impact of solid waste: main solid wastes during this period are 17,104 m3 of surface organic soil being peeled up and transported to disposal site and 5 kg/day of solid waste from activities of workers on site. If these solid wastes are not collected and treated in accordance with regulations; they will cause loss of aesthetic, unpleasant odors, bad impact on human health and ecological environment, and able to pollute water source of this area.

- Impact of noise and vibration: noise and vibration are generated from demolition activities to clear the site and waste transportation. According to calculation results from the CadnaA model, average noise level on traffic roads varies in range of 64-73 dBA with a distance at 50 meters towards two road sides, the noise level in substation area varies in range of 63-69 dBA. Although these are short-term impacts and impact level varying from small to medium, they will still cause uncomfortable feeling to residents here.

- Impact of land recovery for the project: According to calculations, the project will occupy about 6 hectares of two season rice land of Yen Noi village, Dong Quang commune. Although no household must be moved, there are 35 households lost cultivation land leading about 83 people lost their jobs and causing high potential unemployment risk.

- Impacts on Ecosystem: Based on ecological survey result, ecosystem of project area is primarily agricultural one without valuable plant and animal, so major impact in this stage is to wash out impurities on the ground. After that, these impurities will be




transported into river and canal water enclosing with raining water, this will pollute surface water channels and indirectly effect on living environment of kinds of animals and vegetables.

Diminution solutions

- Solutions to minimize impact on the air environment including: fencing construction area with 2-4m high steel or plastic walls; utilizing excavated soil for backfilling; devices serving site leveling being mobilized to work in administrative time; material transportation vehicles being covered and sprayed 2 times per day along transportation road route during dry season.

- Solutions to minimize impact on water environment: building raining water collection and drainage ditch system inside the substation with upper sewage screen and filter at manholes before flowing into common exhaust system of the area. Three compartment septic tank with activated carbon filter will be constructed to ensure that 90% of organic pollutants and harmful bacteria being treated.

- Solutions to minimize impact of solid waste: Solid waste from removing surface vegetable of substation will be transported to location which is about 5km far away form project position and then it can be reused for other purposes outside the project area. Construction solid waste will be utilized for site leveling.

- Solutions to minimize impact of noise vibration: Regulated speed of vehicles passing through residential areas should not exceed 20 km/h and overload vehicles are often controlled; construction areas are enclosed to reduce influence of noise on surrounding residential areas.

- Career orientation for households who lost cultivation land for the project: According to new style rural model construction project of communes in 2013, the people’ committee of commune will organize 4 vocational training classes for young people in working ages. Trained professions are traditional crafts using bamboo, rattan and sewing for women in addition.

b. Construction period

- Impact on surrounding air environment: dust during construction progress; operations of machines, construction equipments and transportation vehicles will exhaust flue gas containing dust, SOx, NOx, CO, CO2, VOC, etc. leading to pollute air environment around the project area. This situation will last for 12 months in construction period.

- Impact on water environment: Total waste water volume of staff and office zone is 4.3 m3/day.night, components of this waste water are mostly scums, suspended solids, organic substances, nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms. There are also waste




water from construction progress with volume at about 1.5 - 3 m3/day.night and storm water containing suspended solids, garbages, chemicals, waste oil and other pollutants on surface of construction site.

- There are about 20 kg of solid waste per day on construction site from construction and living operations. Furthermore, there are also about 58.3 liters of waste oil and other hazardous wastes such as waste battery, chemicals, chemical casing, oil wiper, heavy metals, etc. generated during construction period. The amount of these hazardous wastes is not large but is has potential risk to environment during storing and treating progress.

- Impacts of noise and vibration: noise and vibration generated during construction progress are mainly from operations of construction equipments, concrete mixing systems, piling equipments, power generators, etc. According to CadnaA forecast model result, average noise level at construction site is at 61-69dbA without diminution method. Noise level at surrounding areas is from 54 to 60dbA, 4dbA higher than existing noise level of this area. The impact range of noise is residential zone in the South of substation and camp of workers.

- Impacts caused by concentrating construction workers: in construction period, there are about 30-40 people from different regions with different customs. In addition, they have high demand for entertainment because of living away from their family, this will effect on local culture and habits of residents here. As a result, several negative impacts such as cultural identity change, society crime rate increase, disease spread and especially conflict of benefits as employment, income, housing, way of locals’ life, etc. will be happened.

- Impacts caused by traffic volume increase: Traffic volume from transportation operations in project area will be increased by about 5.69 to 7.59 trip/day with no mention to passenger and staff vehicles. This volume will able to increase traffic accidents, road surface subsidence and cause partially traffic jam at transportation road route of project


- To reduce impact on the air environment: covering construction works; arranging construction to be partially to minimize dust; construction area which hasn’t been carried out yet will be planted with grass or flowers; storage area for chemicals, fuel oil, paint must be equipped with covered boxes, warning indicators, this area must be safe and ventilation to limit the effects of smell and fire.

- To reduce impact on water environment:




For domestic waste water: septic tanks will be built at control building in order to reduce the concentration of contaminants to ensure the standard of pollutant components.

Waste water from construction operations will be collected and transported to clarifier and neutralization tank before being discharged.

In addition, the project will also construct raining water collection system. This collected raining water volume will be discharged to surrounding canals afterwards.

- To reduce impact of noise and vibration: Besides diminution solutions applied at site preparation phase, other diminution solutions will be also applied as regularly checking the status of machines, installing equipment to reduce noise, using trenches surrounding machine foundations to isolate devices which emit large vibration.

- To reduce impact of solid and hazardous waste: taking full advantage of solid waste, equipping garbage containers with lids at different positions on construction site. The hazardous waste will be stored in the containers with warning labels and put away from working and living places and treated periodically by the authorities.

- To reduce impact caused by concentrating lots of workers: temporary houses for construction workers are arranged inside fence of substation to ensure convenience for working, these houses are designed comfortably and hygienically. Construction contractor will coordinate with local authorities to manage construction workers, not to cause disorder and conflict with residents here.

- To reduce traffic accidents and jams: regulated speed of vehicles passing through residential areas should not exceed 20 km/h. These vehicles should be equipped with warning lights and traffic signposts on entrance route of project.

- Construction contractors and workers are required to seriously implement the regulations about labor safety and fire prevention.

c. Operation period

- Impact on air environment: In operation period, substation modifies voltage level at 220/110/23kV to transmit electricity. So, substation doesn’t emit waste which impacts on ambient air quality.

- Impact on water environment: The total amount of domestic waste water is about 4.3 m3 per day. This type of waste water contains one or more pollutants such as oil, grease, heavy metals, acids, alkalinity, suspended solids, nutrients (N, P), COD, bacteria (Escherichia Coli (E. Coli)).

- Impact of solid and hazardous wastes:




The amount of domestic solid waste is about 19 kg/day. Trash ingredients include organic materials, packaging, papers, nylon, and plastic. About 60-70% of this total waste is organic waste which is treated easily. The rest are other types as packaging, waste batteries, chemicals, paper, glass, metal, etc.

Waste from transmission line operation, repair, regular maintenance is mostly broken crockery, cords, etc. generated from handling failure. Volume of waste varies relying on particular repair and maintenance times.

Hazardous waste generated from operation of substation includes 10 liters of waste oil per year from transformers, capacitors, damaged batteries, oily rags, etc.

- Impact of electromagnetic field:

Electromagnetic field can cause heating impact on human body such as changing frequency of pulse , heart speed and capillary reaction, dysfunction of central nervous system, cardiac arrhythmias, glaucoma pressure monitoring, etc. According to annual electromagnetic field supervision result from substations with similar capacity, electromagnetic field varies in range of 0-7 kV/m and 0-4.5 A/m. High intensity electromagnetic field often appears at zones of circuit breaker, disconnector. Thus, operator of substation can be affected by this electromagnetic field.


- To reduce impact on air environment: During operation period, the project will not emit flue gas which impacts on air environment quality, so diminution solutions should not applied.

- To reduce impact on water environment:

For domestic waste water: Toilets and septic tanks will be built at operating building. These toilets and septic tanks will serve workers during construction period until the project being put into operation.

Floor cleaning water and raining water are led into common manholes through cable trench and then connected to common drainage system of substation.

- To reduce impact of solid and hazardous wastes:

Garbage containers will be arranged everywhere inside the substation. Furthermore, daily clean-up sanitation workers will be also arranged inside the substation to ensure that these wastes are concentrated at regulated place and transported to handle in accordance with stipulation.




Waste oil from transformers is preserved according to each type in specific tanks, to ensure no leakage, spillage or dispersal into the environment, and then it will be transported to oil refining plant to process by petroleum cars.

Emergency oil collection system is designed to collect oil in case of trouble transformers; oil will be exited and followed this system focus at oil collection tank to process.

All types of hazardous wastes are stored temporarily at warehouses of substation not more than 24 hours and transported to specific storages of the No.1 Power Transmission Company.

- To reduce impact of electromagnetic field: equipping labor protection equipments for people working at high intensity electromagnetic field areas; annually checking-up for workers and staff to detect occupational diseases and have timely preventive measures and treatment; periodically monitoring electromagnetic field at substation to ensure electromagnetic field intensity at substation not exceed 5kV/m for the electric field and 200 A/m for the magnetic field.

- Solutions to prevent and deal with environmental problems

In case of overload and high temperature of transformer, load of transformer must be decreased.

Rules and regulations about safe substation operation must be complied strictly.

Equipments of station, especially electrical equipments must be always checked and maintained.

Workers are equipped with protection equipment.

To organize to annually check-up health for workers and staff.

- Fire prevention solution

Fire prevention alternative will be established according to regulation of Hanoi fire prevention police agencies.

Emergency oil tank will be built with sufficient volume to contain overflowed oil when emergency situation happens. In addition, the oil tank is designed with two compartments and available sink pump, overflowed raining water and oil will be separated when emergency situation happens in even raining weather.

1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PROGRAM

- Training and enhancing environmental management ability for operation staff and workers.




- Establishing environmental reporting system to the corresponding departments in operation period.

- Supervising specific indicators of water, air, soil and underground water environmental pollution.

- Checking the implementation of solutions to minimize negative impacts on environment and measures to recover the environment after finishing execution.

- Detecting risk of environmental degradation and having timely preventive methods.

- Checking the efficiency of projects and pollution treatment equipments.

- Applying technical solutions in design to control the value of electric field strength within permissible standards < 5 kV/m at substation area;

- Recommending and regulating insulating oil used in transformers and other electrical equipments such as circuit breaker, etc. without PCBs compounds according to international conventions.




INTRODUCTION

1. ORIGIN OF THE PROJECT

1.1. Origin of the project

According to Electricity development plan of Hanoi capital in period of 2011-2015 with considering to 2020 being approved by the Ministry of Industry and Trade through Decision No. 4351/QĐ-BCT dated 29/8/2011, West Hanoi 220kV substation construction investment Project will be anticipatively completed in 2015 with task to supply electricity safely and effectively for West Hanoi including Son Tay town and 6 districts in the North of highway six as Ba vi, Phuc Tho, Dan Phuong, Hoai Duc, Thach That and Quoc Oai towns, this is important load area with developed economy-society of the capital. Furthermore, this project also contributes to strengthen ability of supplying electricity safely and effectively for Hanoi power transmission system and area, ensure safe and stable operation for national power system.

West Hanoi 220kV substation is anticipatively constructed at Yen Noi Hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai town, in the West of Hanoi capital.

1.2. Agency approving the Project

West Hanoi 220kV substation construction investment project will be managed by AMB and approved by NPT.

Based on environment protection Law and Decree No.29/2011/ND-CP dated 18/4/2011 of Government stipulating about environmental strategic evaluation, environmental impact evaluation and environmental protection commitment, the project “West Hanoi 220kV substation construction investment” with capacity at 220kV is subject to establish EIA and it will be approved by Department of Natural Resources and Environment.

2. LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSSESSMENT IMPLEMENTATION

2.1. Legal documents

Environmental impact assessment study is based on the following legal documents:

- Environmental Protection Law of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam No. 52/2005/QH11 dated 29/11/2005 passed by National Assembly;

- Standard and Technical Regulation Law of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam No. 68/2005/QH11 dated 26/06/2006 passed by National Assembly;

- Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated 09/08/2006 of the Government stipulating




environmental protection in establishing, appraising, approving and organizing to carry out strategy, plan, program and development of project;

- Decree No.140/2006/ND-CP dated 22/11/2006 of Government for regulating the environmental protection in stage of making report, appraisal, approval and implementation of strategies, planning, plans, programs and development project;

- Decree No. 106/2005/ND-CP dated 17/08/2005 of Government particularly regulating and guiding to implement some articles of Electricity Law about safe protection of high-voltage power grid projects;

- Decree No. 59/2007/ND-CP of Government dated 09/04/2007 about solid waste management;

- Decree No. 81/2007/ND-CP dated 23/05/2007 of Government regulating about organization, specialized department for environmental protection in state agencies and state enterprises;

- Decree 21/2008/ND-CP dated 28/02/2008 of Government about amending and supplementing some articles of Decree 80/2006/ND-CP about particularly stipulating and guiding to implement some articles of Environmental Protection Law;

- Decree No. 117/2009/ND-CP dated 31/12/2009 of Government about handling with law violation in the field of environmental protection;

- Decree No. 29/2011/ND-CP dated 18/04/2011 of Government stipulating about strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, environmental protection commitment;

- Circular No.12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 14/4/2011 of MONRE regulating about hazardous waste management;

- Circular No. 26/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 18/07/2011 of MONRE regulating particularly about some articles of Decree No. 29/2011/ND-CP dated 18/4/2011 of Government regulating about strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, environmental protection commitment;

- Decision No. 04/2008/QD-BTNMT dated 18/07/2008 of MONRE about promulgating national technical regulations on environment;

- Decision No. 16/2008/QD-BTNMT dated 31/12/2008 of MONRE for promulgating national technical regulations on environment;

- Legal Document No.39/2010/TT-BTNMT dated 16/12/2010 of MONRE regulating about National Technical Standards about environment;




- Legal Document No. 47/2011/TT-dated 28/12/2011 of MONRE regulating about National Technical Standards about environment;

- Legal Document No. 16/2009/TT-dated 07/10/2009 of MONRE regulating about National Technical Standards about environment;

- Legal Document No. 02/2005/QD-UB dated 10/01/2005 of People's Committee of Hanoi City about implementing methods to reduce dust in construction sector in Hanoi city.

World Bank Safeguard Policies Apply to the Subproject:

An environmental and social screening of the subproject was undertaken in line with the OP 4.01 and it showed that the World Bank’s policies on Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) will be triggered for the subproject. The screening has also resulted in categorizing the subproject as a Category B project. In addition, the Bank’s requirements on public consultation and information disclosure will need to be followed.

Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01):

- Environmental Assessment (EA) is an umbrella policy for the Bank’s safeguard policies. The overarching objective is to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound and sustainable, and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions and of their likely environmental impacts. The EA process is intended to identify, avoid and mitigate potential impacts of Bank operations. EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and physical cultural resources); and transboundary and global environmental aspects. EA considers natural and social aspects in an integrated way.

- This subproject triggers OP 4.01 because it involves the construction and operation of a high-voltage substation and connecting overhead transmission lines, requiring the identification, mitigation and monitoring of potential adverse environmental and social impacts. As required by OP 4.01 and the government EA regulation, the subproject has prepared an EIA and an EMP that meet the Government’s and the World Bank’s safeguards requirements. By the TEP appraisal, the subproject draft EIA and EMP were disclosed locally at the subproject sites and the Bank’s InfoShop in Washington DC on January 24, 2014 as required by OP 4.01 and the Bank’s policy on access to information. The subproject final EIA and EMP were disclosed locally at the subproject sites, at the Bank’s InfoShop, and the Vietnam




Development Information Center on April 18, 2014.

Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12):

- The Involuntary Resettlement policy seeks to prevent severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage to the affected peoples during involuntary resettlement. OP 4.12 applies whether or not affected persons must move to another location. The Bank describes all these processes and outcomes as “involuntary resettlement,” or simply resettlement, even when people are not forced to move. Resettlement is involuntary when the government has the right to expropriate land or other assets and when affected people do not have the option to retain the livelihood situation that they have.

- This policy is triggered because the subproject it would have impacts involving the temporary and permanent involuntary taking of land and the loss of structures and assets associated with the land for the construction of the substation and the associated connecting line. By appraisal, the subproject has prepared and disclosed a draft RP locally at the subproject sites and the Bank’s InfoShop in Washington DC on January 24, 2014. The RP includes the measures to ensure that displaced people are: (i) informed about the options regarding resettlement; (ii) consulted and offered alternative resettlement choices; and (iii) provided with effective compensation and livelihood restoration. The subproject RP was disclosed locally at the subproject sites, at the Bank’s InfoShop, and the Vietnam Development Information Center on April 18, 2014.

World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines

- World Bank-financed projects should also take into account the World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines1 (known as the "EHS Guidelines"). The EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice.

- The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable to the World Bank Group and are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs by existing technology. The environmental assessment process may recommend alternative (higher or lower) levels or measures, which, if acceptable to the World Bank, become project- or site-specific requirements.

1 The EHS Guidelines can be consulted at www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines.

http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines




- This subproject should conform the Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution and the General EHS Guidelines.

2.2 The applicable environmental regulations

- National Technical Standards about current environment being stipulated in Decision No. 04/2008/QD-BTNMT dated 18/07/2008, Decision No. 16/2008/QD- BTNMT dated 31/12/2008, Circular No. 04/2009/TT-BYT dated 17/6/2009, Circular No. 16/2009/TT-BTNMT dated 07/10/2009, Circular No. 25/2009/TT- BTNMT dated 16/11/2009, Circular No. 39/2010/TT-BTNMT dated 16/12/2010 of MONRE .

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Standards for surface water quality.

- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Standards for underground water quality.

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National Technical Standards for domestic waste water.

- QCVN 01:2009/BYT - National Technical Standards for drinking water quality.

- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - National Technical Standards for ambient air quality.

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National Technical Standards for noise.

- 27:2010/BTNMT - National Technical Standards for vibration.

- Industry standard: "Allowed level of electric field intensity with industrial frequency and regulation about testing at workplace" was promulgated in Decision No. 183NL/KHKT dated 04/12/1994 of Ministry of Energy.

2.3. The legal documents related to the project

- National power development planning in period 2011-2020 with considering to 2030 established by Institute of Energy being approved by Prime Minister through Decision No. 1208/QĐ-TTg dated 21/7/2011.

- Power Development Planning of Hanoi City in period 2011-2018 with considering to 2020 being approved by Ministry of Industry and Trade through Decision No. 4351/QĐ-BCT dated 29/8/2011;

- Decision 186/TTg-KTN dated 27/1/2010 of Prime Minister approving the project "The emergency power supply solutions for Hanoi capital in period 2010-2011";

- Agreement document No. 4208/UBND-CT dated 10/06/2010 of the People's Committee of Hanoi City about location of West Hanoi 220/110kV substation (Hoai Duc district in the past) and 220kV and 110kV transmission line routes connected to this substation.




- Preliminary Survey Report of West Hanoi 220/110kV substation (Hoai Duc district in the past) was established by the Institute of Energy in October, 2010.

- Agreement document No.5941/EVN HANOI-B04 dated 15/09/2010 of Hanoi Power Corporation about connecting 110kV and 35kV transmission lines with West Hanoi 220/110kV substation (Hoai Duc district in the past) and capacity of aux.substation which is connected with local electicity resource;

- Decision No. 0172/QĐ-NPT date 21/02/2012 of National Power Transmission Corporation approving West Hanoi 220kV substation construction investment Project (Hoai Duc district in the past);

- Agreement document No. 223/SNN-ĐĐ dated 24/2/2012 of Hanoi Argricultural and rural development about expanding the entrance of West Hanoi 500/220kV substation (Hoai Duc district in the past).

2.4. Technical documents

- Construction Investment Project report of West Hanoi 220kV substation project established by Institute of Energy in 2/2012;

- Basis design report of West Hanoi 220kV station project established by Institute of Energy in 2/2012;

- Natural Environment Survey Report established by Environmental Department of University of Natural Sciences on 5 and 6/10/2012;

- Ecological environment survey Report was made by Biology Department under University of Natural Sciences in October of 2012;

- Result Report for measuring electromagnetic field around the AT2 transformer area was made by National Major Laboratory Department about High Pressure Electricity, Institute of Energy in October of 2012;

- Eco-social Development Report in 2011 of People's Committee of Quang Dong Commune;

- New Style Rural Construction Project of Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai town, Hanoi capital in December of 2011;

- Health Statistic Report in 2011 of Dong Quang commune.

3. APPLICATION METHODS DURING EIA PERFORMANCE

The methodology used in EIA Report of West Hanoi 220 kV substation is appropriated and in compliance with current regulations of Vietnam as Circular No. 26/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 18/07/2011 regulating particularly some articles of Decree No.




29/2011/ND-CP about strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment of MONRE.

To make this report, the environmental expert group including lots of experts in fields of environment, biology, economy - society, construction, economy - finance, electrical engineering, etc. has established. This group considers characteristics of the project, design ideas and offers suitable design solutions for West Hanoi 220 kV substation. From there, potential impacts, impact level, major problems and scope of the study will be determined. Within the scope of this study, the research team selected sampling points according to the following principles:

- For air, noise: The sampling positions being selected based on different wind directions in the range affected by flue gas and transport activities of the project, especially residential areas.

- For water: to choose monitoring locations at upstream and downstream of projects where have no construction items.

- For soil and underground water: selecting soil samples in the project areas and the southern residential areas to compare and assess impacts before and after the time project appears.

- For ecosystem: according to showed research scope, the research team has localized and divided into sections for survey.

The following diagram describes preliminarily implementation process of EIA report.




Figure 1. EIA report implementation progress order

3.1. Environment Impact Assessment Method

- Comparison method: level of impact on environment and mitigation measures being evaluated on the basis of current environmental standards such as QCVN 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011.

- Enumeration method/checklist is applied to list the device and volume of construction materials, economic and social index and their consequences, etc. as a




basis to calculate and evaluate. On the other hand, this checklist will help to identify potential changes to the social environmental factors when project being implemented.

- Rapid assessment method: using emission factors, statistical data of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) AP-42 Emission Factor EPA-454/R-94-022 in July of 2000, some Vietnamese documents and other organizations applied the following cases:

+ To assess pollution load of flue gas and waste water of construction facilities.

+ To assess the effect of pollution mitigation measures.

- Modeling methodology: the level and scale of impacts related to dust emission, pollutants in ambient air, noise. etc. being predicted by using proven calculation model software of computer as bellows:

+ METI-LIS model being established by Ministry of Environment, Trade and Industry (Japan) to calculate pollutant dispersion level from flue gas of vehicles and construction devices in the ambient air environment.

+ CadnaA model being established by Datakustik Corporation (Germany) to calculate the noise emitted from transportation equipments and machinery on construction site, on transportation routes and the noise level caused by transformers during operation.

3.2. Methods of analysis and sampling natural environment

a. Air samples

Air samples are taken by absorption method with appropriate solution according to the Vietnamese standard as TCVN 5975-1995, ISO 7934-1998; TCVN 5978-1995, ISO 4221-1980; TCVN 5968-1995; TCVN 5971-1995, ISO 6767-1990.

- Using 30% of H2O2 solution to absorb SO2

- Using 0.5 M of NaOH solution to absorb NOx

- Using the palladium chloride solution to adsorb CO

- Analyzing content of SO2, NOx

- Analyzing content of SO2 and NOx

- Determining content of SO2 relying on Tetracloromercurat method (TCM/pararosanilin) according to TCVN 5971-1995

- Determining content of NOx relying on Griss-Saltman method according to TCVN 6768/1995




- Determining content of CO by chromatography GC 2010

b. Surface water samples

Water samples are taken based on TCVN 5992-1995, TCVN 5993-1995, and TCVN 5994-1995. Water samples are handled and stored according to ISO 6663-14:2000, ISO 5667-14:1998.

- Indexes in water samples are analyzed by titration and photometric (colorimetric) method

- Total iron (Fe) is determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method;

- NO2 is determined by using Griss reagent and carrying out colorimetric at a wavelength of 510nm;

- NO3 is determined by colorimetric method with disunphophenic acid reagent at wavelength of 430nm;

- NH4 is determined by colorimetric method with reagents Nestle at wavelength of 430nm;

- PO43- is identified by molybdenum blue colorimetric method at wavelength of

710nm;

- SO42- is identified by using baricromat (according to Xlap);

- Hardness of water is determined through total calcium and magnesium in water by EDTA titration method with directives ETOO at environment of pH = 10.

- COD is determined by reverse titration method using K2Cr2O7 as an oxidant under catalysis of HgSO4 and Ag2SO4.

- BOD5 is identified by incubation method within 5 days at temperature of 200C;

- TSS (total suspended solids) and TDS (total dissolved solids) are identified by mass method;

- As is identified by atomic absorption spectrometry method;

- In addition, some of trace elements and heavy metals are determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method.

c. Soil samples

Soil samples are taken according to combined sampling method; each type of soil is sampled at five different points surrounding sampling location, and mixed in accordance with standards for a general sample. Criteria about soil of this sample will be analyzed according to Vietnamese standards.




- The environmental monitoring and analysis equipments are used

- GPS is used to locate the sampling positions (U.S.)

- Temperature, humidity and wind speed index are determined by Microclimate monitoring station (U.S.)

- Using Integrating Sound Leven Meter Type 6226 (U.S) to measure noise level

- Using Environmental Particle air monitor Model EPAM - 5000 (U.S) to sample dust

- Using DESAGA - 212 (Germany) to sample CO, SO2, NOx

- Using DR/2010 (U.S.) to sample water

- Using TOA Equipment (Japan) to measure some of water quality parameters in place as temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, DO and salinity.

- Vibration Measuring Equipment: Vibration Meter equipment VM - 62 PiON - Japan.

3.3. Ecological sampling and analysis methods

a. Phytoplankton sampling and analysis

Phytoplankton qualitative samples are collected by dedicated net. Quantitative samples are collected by Niskin sampling bottle with volume of 5 liter at surface and bottom floors. Phytoplankton samples are fixed by neutral Lugol solution and formalin 4% or alcohol solution.

Phytoplankton qualitative samples are observed under a microscope with contrast phase and fluorescence. Phytoplankton component is typed and arranged by the system of Hoang Quoc Truong (1962 & 1963), Taylor (1976), Truong Ngoc An (1993), Tomas (1997), and Larsen and Nguyen - Ngoc (2004).

Water samples for quantitative studies are deposited in the cylindrical measuring tube, through several stages within 48-96 hours and then removed the upper water and kept the bottom sample with volume of 3-5 ml, this manipulation should be very gently and carefully to avoid loss of phytoplankton cells in the sample.

Hai Roi alga is counted by dying cells with calcofluor concentration of 0.5 mg / mL and observing / counting the number under fluorescent microscopy.

Cell density is determined by method of UNESCO (1978). Using Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber with volume of 1ml being settled in 3-5 minutes and then counting cell.

b. Zooplankton sampling and analysis




Zooplankton samples are collected by using dedicated net, all specimens are fixed by using 5% formalin or alcohol solution.

Components of zooplankton type are determined based on the document of Chao Chen Qing, Zhang Zhu-Zhen, 1965, Cheng Qing-Chao, Zhang Shu-Zhen and Zhu Chang-Shou, 1974, 1947 RBS Sewell H. Owre B, Foyo M, 1967, Dang Ngoc Thanh, Tran Thai Bai, 1980 Pham Van Mien, Nguyen Van Khoi in 1995, Mulyadi, 2004, Nishida, S. 1985 and Boltovskoy, D. , 1999.

Collecting qualitative sample: Specimens are collected in the Zooplankton No. 52 net. At each specimen collection point, net is used to lurch many times in surface water level.

Collecting quantitative sample: Specimens are collected in Zooplankton No. 57 net. At each study point, about 20 liters of water in the surface floor are filtered through Zooplankton No. 57 net and 50 ml of filtered water is obtained. All obtained specimens are contained in vial with capacity of 100 ml and shaped by using alcohol of 900.

Amount of zooplankton is determined by counting the number of species under stereoscopic microscope. Amount of zooplankton is indicated by the number of individual per unit volume (individual/m3) and carbon weight per unit volume (mg/m3).

c. Benthos sampling and analysis

At each survey point, using frame with diameter at 50x50cm2 to directly collect benthos samples. All the specimens will be stored in plastic containers with capacity of 400 - 1000 ml and immediately fixed in place by using alcohol 70% or formalin 7-8%.

Collecting qualitative samples: Specimens are collected by Pond Net by plunging into patches of grass, coastal aquatic shrubs or floating aquatic plants. The insects living on water surface are taken by using Pond Net on water surface. Specimens are picked up by tweezers, spoon and aluminum tray.

Collecting quantitative samples: Specimens are collected by Petersen grab with capacity at 0.02 m2 of mud. At each sampling point, 5 grabs are collected. Using sieve to filter the entire volume of mud and using forceps to obtain specimen.

Benthos samples will be identified in invertebrate animal laboratory of Department of Biology, University of Natural Sciences according to every group of taxa with relevant and reliability monograph documents. Richness is expressed through individual density of 1 area unit (individual/m2).

d. Fish sampling and analysis




Surveying and collecting fish components by using direct fish samples or interviewing fishermen who have many different kinds of fishing devices such as catgut net, seine net, fishing rod, etc. to aim sufficient information to create a basis for determining the most accurate fish components at study area. Also samples are collected from fish market and checked carefully about catch location to add in specimens once again.

Fish sample collection method is varied based on the guidelines of the IF Pravdin (1973). The collected fish specimens will be preliminary classified and then taken photograph in accordance with exact notes about sampling location and characteristics of the sample; then they will be fixed in formalin of 8-12% depending on sample size and carefully stored to transfer to vertebrate animals laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Natural Sciences to classify and arrange systematically.

e. Eecosystem research

Based on arguments and principle for integrity of ecosystem, structure of components and their functions, in which biodiversity, environment and successional trend of them in the past relationship with the natural conditions and local socio-economic development are concerned priorly.

From afield survey results, current state of ecosystem in the area can be analyzed, assessed and updated.

Ecosystem research implementation method:

- Collecting samples and analyzing components of plant

- Describing structure of floristic composition

- Collecting samples and analyzing components of animals

- Analyzing relationship between biome and environmental factors

- Synthesizing and describing the ecosystem structure

4. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION

Environment impact assessment research of West Hanoi 220kV substation project is carried out by the Owner, Northern electricity project Management Board-AMB, with the assistance of Institute Energy (IE), consultant unit who makes Environment Impact Assessment and Investment Project reports. IE is a unit of highly respected consultants in the field of energy and power. IE has sufficient condition and ability to meet requirements of organizations in the field of consulting to make the EIA report.

Address and representative of Institute of Energy:




Address: No.6 Ton That Tung – Dong Da- Hanoi

Head Director: Doctor. Hoang Tien Dung

Tel: (+84) 4 38 522453

Fax: (+84) 4 38 529302




Experts participate directly to make EIA report: No. Name List Expert Office

1 Mr. Phan Luong Thien Electrical engineer The Owner, Director of AMB

2 Mr. Nguyen Huu Chanh Electrical engineer The Owner, specialist of AMB

3 Mr. Phung Van Cuong Electrical engineer Deputy director of Energy consultant and Technology transfer center – Institute of Energy

4 Mr. Vu Chi Cong Environment engineer

Energy consultant and Technology transfer center – Institute of Energy

5 Mr. Doan Ngoc Duong Electro thermal Masters

Director of Thermal, nuclear power and Environment consultant center - Institute of Energy

6 Mrs. Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen

Environment engineer

Chief of Environment department belonging to Thermal, nuclear power and Environment consultant center - Institute of Energy

7 Mrs. Le Hoang Anh Hydrological –environment engineer

Environment department belonging to Thermal, nuclear power and Environment consultant center - Institute of Energy

8 Mr. Trinh Hoang Long Environment master

Environment department belonging to Thermal, nuclear power and Environment consultant center - Institute of Energy

9 Mr. Pham Hung Electrical master National Major Laboratory Department of High Pressure Electricity - Institute of Energy

10 Mr. Tran Viet Son Electrical master National Major Laboratory Department of High Pressure Electricity - Institute of Energy

5. SCOPE OF STUDY

West Hanoi 220kV substation is constructed at rice field at Yen Noi hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai town, Hanoi City. Land area of this substation is 60,220m2.




In this report, scope of study of the project is substation construction and surrounding areas with radial at 100m where are affected by flue gas of construction equipments; this substation will be connected with 35kV transmission line and 261m new constructed road from Day river dyke to the substation.

The below projects are independent ones and will have particular EIA reports:

- Constructing 57km fiber cable OPGW on 220kV transmission line from West Hanoi to Hoa Binh city belongs to project” 220kV transmission line from West Hanoi to Hoa Binh city”;

- To construct 33.5km fiber cable route SDH/STM-1 Chem - Quoc Oai - Ha Dong on fiber cable OPGW-220kV, in which 12km fiber cable OPGW on 220kV transmission line from West Hanoi 220kV substation to connection point of Chem – Ha Dong 220kV transmission line is new constructed and 15km fiber cable ADSS on existing transmission line from Ha Dong to Chem is hung up.

- 110kV tranmission lines including two branches with total length of 2,317m are connected with West Hanoi 220kV substation.




CHAPTER 1: BRIEF DISCRIPTION

1.1. NAME OF PROJECT

West Hanoi 220kV substation

1.2. THE OWNER

The Owner: Northern electricity project management board - AMB

Director: Phan Luong Thien

Address: 1111D Hong Ha, Hoan Kiem District, Ha Noi

Tel: 04.2210 3112

Fax: 04.3984 0824

1.3. POSITION OF PROJECT

West Hanoi 220kV substation (Quoc Oai and Hoai Duc districts in the past) being expectedly placed at rice field of Yen Noi hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai town, Ha Noi capital. Geographic position of this area as follows (co-ordinate of check point showed in below table):

- The East: Day river dike, stretch of road from Lang - Hoa Lac to Highway Six.

- The North: Rice field, about 1km far away from center of Quoc Oai town.

- The South: in conjuction with residential area of Dong Quang commune.

- The West: in conjuction with irrigation canal of district.

Position of substation is about 1km far away from center of Quoc Oai town in the North. Positions of this substation and connection with transmission line are showed in figure 1.1.

This is economic – social promptly development zone of capital, so this project has important impact on assurance power source providing for Hanoi transmission and distribution lines, enhancing reliability for Hanoi and North power system, providing enough power for economic-social development. Incoming years, developing orientation of Quoc Oai town in general and Dong Quang commune in particular is to promote economic structure movement, impulse local economy according to industrialization and modernization direction while holding growth speed steady of local industries and services. Highway Lang – Hoa Lac being cleared and crossed four northern communes of Quoc Oai town with total length at 9km, this brings big chance to Quoc Oai town to develop in every aspect about economy and society.




Currently, total land area used for project is for farm produce of Yen Noi hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai town, Hanoi capital. This project area has an even and flat terrain, there are also several tombs in project zone which must be moved out when project being carried out.

Table 1.1. List of check points of West Hanoi 500/220kV substation

Tª n Cao ®é Ghi

ç c ®iÓm X(m) Y(m) m chó

O 2321036.719 566815.079

H1 2321177.951 566779.508 6.954

H2 2321221.240 566872.784 6.755

H3 2321094.072 566912.680 7.083

H4 2321171.953 567047.817 6.787

H5 2321034.360 566788.920 7.864

H6 2321610.411 566861.894 6.506

H7 2321468.533 566866.974 6.433

H8 2321201.061 566693.583 7.903

H9 2321333.353 566638.353 7.808

H10 2321526.602 566681.831 8.001

H11 2321445.737 566549.110 8.389

H12 2321472.162 566991.187 7.419

4223KS 2321626.270 567170.723 13.063

4224KS 2321230.768 567204.254 12.897

T1 2321042.154 566826.949

T2 2321129.700 566978.470

T3 2321349.660 566851.391

T4 2321408.495 566950.626

T5 2321426.130 566942.975

T6 2321439.088 566930.210

T7 2321294.988 566680.870

T8 2321613.995 566829.156

T9 2321469.923 566579.801

G1 2321037.759 566827.456

G2 2321128.242 566984.066

G3 2321348.111 566857.025

G4 2321407.012 566958.967

G5 2321445.459 566931.155

G6 2321619.454 566830.622

G7 2321472.449 566576.283

G8 2321298.443 566676.856

I 2321430.40 566935.20

J 2321479.60 567020.30

K 2321529.60 567106.90

R1 2321440.92 566940.79

R2 2321429.41 566946.07

R3 2321485.00 567017.20

R4 2321474.10 567023.50

R5 2321548.30 567113.80

R6 2321507.20 567093.50

R7 2321501.30 567098.70

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Figure 1.1. Expected position of West Hanoi 220kV substation

1.4. MAIN CONTENT OF PROJECT

1.4.1. Target of project

1.4.1.1. Target

Project “West Hanoi 220kV substation” being constructed to:




- Meet load growth demand of North power system, especially Hanoi area.

- Receive electricity source from hydro-power plants in the Northwest and support for existing 220kV substations of area. This station will be an important node in power system.

- Create intercircuit among areas in power system, enhance safety and stably for operation of national power system.

- Decrease electricity loss in transmission line, increase business effect for Vietnam National Power Transimission Corporation (NPT).

1.4.1.2. Necessity of project

Seven West Hanoi districts and towns are supplied electricity from Ha Dong, Chem and Xuan Mai 220kV substations. In which, Ha Dong and Chem stations provide power mainly for urban load, Xuan Mai station provides power for Hoa Binh and Southern Hanoi. In the other hand, current substations are full and over load because of quick load development and late progress of several power projects. Hence, this zone is always in situation of lack of power source at 220kV voltage level.

Load of this area is forecasted is over 460MW up to 2015, increasing two times in comparison with this at current. Therefore, power source at 220kV voltage level for this area will be serious insufficient in 2015 and new power source at 220kV voltage level is very necessary to provide power for this area.

West Hanoi 220kV substation will improve significantly power source at this zone. Along with other current 220kV substations, this station will take apart in assurance to provide safety and enough power for West Hanoi.

All above analysis shows that investment in West Hanoi 220kV substation construction needs to be early implemented. In fact, project had an agreement about position and is in the progress of project planning and appearance moment of West Hanoi 220kV substation at 2012-2013 is most suitable to provide enough power and reliably for this area.

Appearance moment

Analysis and calculation in Investment project report show that up to 2013 if West Hanoi 220kV substation hasn’t been appeared yet, local power grid will operate with full and over load situation in normal and emergency operation modes. Therefore, this station needs to be operated in 2013 to ensure that this area will get sufficient and safe electricity.




Scale

Through analysis and calculation, it is seen that with capacity at 2x250MVA, this station will guarantee to provide power safely and reliably at normal and emergency operation modes of local power system. Moreover, it is necessary to install two substations 110/35/22kV with capacity at 2x63MVA to meet load demand on the spot.

Briefly, West Hanoi is a strong development area with important and large power loads. Meanwhile, power source at 220kV is very short because of full and over load of Ha Dong, Chem and Xuan Mai 220kV substations. So, West Hanoi 220kV substation and synchronous connection line projects need to be put in timely operation to guarantee power sufficiently, safely and reliably to develop West Hanoi area in particular and capital in general.

1.4.1.3. Amount, scale and items of project

West Hanoi 220kV substation:

- Area inside fence of station : 55,289.0 m2

- Land area used for station : 60,220.0 m2

- Construction area : 4,982.0 m2

- Concrete road area inside station : 6,114.7 m2

- Stone spreading area for station floor : 47,152.0 m2

- Filled soil amount : 119,355.0 m3

Access road of station:

- Used land area : 3,188.0 m2

- Concrete road area : 1,561.0 m2

- Filled soil amount : 9,082.0 m3

Project scale at this stage just includes station construction part, connection to 35kV transmission line and 261m new construction from Day river dike to station. Other items as fiber cable information system, 110kV transmission line connection are independent projects with particular reports.

1.4.1.4. Scale of substation

1. Power part

Transformer

This station is designed to install one 220kV transformer with voltage and capacity at 220/110/22kV- 250MVA.




Diagram at 220kVside

- 220kV side is designed according to two bus-bar diagram with circular bus-bar with 09 equipment bays at 220kV:

o 01 bay for 220/110kV AT4 transformer

o 01 bay going to Ha Đong 220kV substation

o 02 bays going to Chem 220kV substation

o 03 bays going to Hoa Binh hydro-power plant

o 01 communication bay

o 01 circular circuit bay

- Main parameters of switchgear:

o Norminal voltage : 245kV

o Norminal current : 3150A and 2000A (3150A used for communication bay and circular circuit bay)

o Short circuit current resistance : 50kA/3s

Diagram at 110kVside

- 110kV side being designed according to two bus-bar diagram with circular bus-bar with 09 equipment bays at 110kV:

o 01 bay for 220/110kV AT4 transformer

o 01 bay going to Ha Đong 110kV substation

o 01 bay going to Chem 110kV substation

o 02 bays going to Son Tay 110kV substation

o 02 bays going to An Khanh 110kV substation

o 01 communication bay

o 01 circular circuit bay

- Main parameters of switchgear:

o Norminal voltage : 123kV

o Norminal current : 2000A and 1250A (1250A used for outgoing bays)

o Short circuit current resistance : 40kA/3s

Control and protection system




- Control and protection system for West Hanoi 220kV substation being designed suitable with Vietnamese standards, regulations of NPT as well as several popular international criteria standards.

- Control equipment: controlling and supervising West Hanoi 220kV substation being done at four levels:

o At National Load Dispatch Centre (A0) and North Regional Load Dispatch Centre (A1)

o At control room of station

o At relay and control cubicle of each bay

o Local control at equipment

One computer system with double configure will be equipped. This system allows of implementing equipment control and supervision functions at bays, control room with high safety and reliability.

Via transmission line, computer system will allow of carrying out SCADA function for West Hanoi 220kV substation from National Load Dispatch Centre and North Regional Load Dispatch Centre.

- Protection relay equipment: being suitable with regulation of NPT, some solutions as follows will be considered to apply to protect elements of West Hanoi 220kV substation:

o Every 220kV, 110kV transmission line being equipped with two protection circuits. In which, one main circuit and one emergency circuit.

o 220kV, 110kV Circuit breaker of line bays being equipped with circuit breaker fault resistant function, automatic re-close with synchronous test.

o 220/110/22kV Transformer: besides enclosed protection methods, this transformer being equipped with two protection circuits. In which, one main circuit and one emergency circuit.

o 110kV General bay: being equipped with directional over current protection to not damage the circuit breaker.

o 220kV, 110kV Communication: being equipped with over current protection to resist short circuit among phases and earth fault.

o 220kV, 110kV By-pass line bay: being equipped with protection functions similar to line bay one.

o 220kV, 110kV Bus-bar: being equipped with low impedance incline protection and equipment to dismiss load according to frequence for 110kV bus-bar.




2. Construction part

Leveling

- Selecting average floor leveling elevation of station at +8.3m

- Station floor being filled up with compacted sand to ensure K ≥ 0.95, and protected with rubble barrier surrounding.

- Floor access road of station being filled up with compacted sand to ensure K ≥ 0.95, and protected with rubble barrier around two sides, only one part of road with big gradient close to the dike being filled with soil to create pitch roof with suitable slope.

Inside and access roads of the station

- Inside road of the station is asphalt concrete one with 4m and 6m width.

- Access road of the station is asphalt concrete one with 6m width, 261.0m length from Day river dike.

Waste water receiving source

Activities of the station mainly create domestic waste water caused by workers operating the station. This domestic waste water amount will be treated via verified septic tank at control room and discharged to irrigation canal at field of Yen Noi hamlet, Dong Quang commune after all.

Overflow rain-water will be collected into rain-water collection canal system inside the station and discharged to above irrigation canal.

3. Outdoor construction structure solutions

Transformer foundation and oil collecting pit

- Transformer foundation is made of reinforcement concrete, raft foundation type with supporting beam system.

- With diameter being suitable with current stipulation, oil collecting pit is created gradient towards oil discharge pipe installation. Emergency oil (if any) will be collected into oil collecting pit and flowed along the oil discharge pipe to emergency oil tank placed inside the station.

Equipment supporting pier and pillar foundations

- Pillar foundation is made of reinforcement concrete, continuous slab foundation structure type with beam and four piers system to support pillar foot.

- Pier foundation is made of reinforcement concrete, continuous slab foundation structure type.

Steel pillar and bar, equipment supporting pier




- All steel pillars and bars are made of galvanized shape steel, connected via bolts, has cored tower type structure.

- Equipment supporting pier is made of galvanized shape steel, connected via bolts, have cored cylinder type structure with square cross section.

Troughing system

- Troughing system is designed with half being underground and equipped with cable bearing.

Function buildings

- Control building is arranged to create convenient for operation and meeting requirement of 500kV substation (properly constructed in the North of 220kV substation in the future – seeing firgure 1.3). This is two floor house with diameter of lay out at 20.7m x 16.3m. Height of each floor is 4.2m. Elevation of this house is 0.45m higher than elevation of station.

- Bay control building has reinforcement concrete foundation structure, brick wall, on the spot reinforcement concrete roof floor with diameter at 3.0x7.2m.

- Pump station house has one floor structure with diameter at 7.2 x 4.5 (m), H = 3.8m.

- Operation management building has one floor structure with nine compartments, diameter of each compartment at 3.6 x 8.4m.

1.4.1.5. Communication system

Organizing to transfer optical fibre information SDH/STM-4 West Hanoi – Hoabinh on optical fibre OPGW-220kV via 220kV transmission line from West Hanoi – Hoabinh with total length of optical fibre route at about 57km, in which:

- 57km new optical fibre OPGW-220kV via 220kV transmission line from West Hanoi to Hoa Binh will be constructed through project “West Hanoi – Hoabinh 220kV transmission line”. This is independent project with particular environmental impact assessment report.

- 01 optical transmission equipment SDH/STM-4/ADM will be equipped for West Hanoi 220kV substation.

- At Hoa Binh 500/220kV substation: using two gates L-4.2 of optical transmission equipment OSN 3500 being equipped in project “Son La – Hoa Binh, Son La – Nho Quan 500kV transmission line”.




- Optical fibre NMOC will be equipped for West Hanoi 220kV substation and Hoa Binh 500/220kV substation.

- Optical information route West Hanoi – Hoa Binh STM-4 being used to transfer line guard signal SCADA/EMS signal and Hotline from West Hanoi 220kV substation to Hoa Binh 500/220kV substation and forwarded to North Regional Load Dispatch Centre (A1) after that.

Chem – Quoc Oai – Ha Dong optical information route SDH/STM-1 via optical fibre OPGW-220kV will be constructed with total length at about 33.5km. In which:

- 12km new optical fibre OPGW via 220kV transmission line from West Hanoi – Hoa Binh to connection joint of will Chem – Ha Dong 220kV transmission line will be constructed.

- Hanging 15km optical fibre ADSS on current Ha Dong – Chem transmission line.

- 01 optical transmission equipment SDH/STM-4/ADM will be equipped for Chem 220kV substation.

- At Ha Dong 220kV substation: using two gates L-1.2 of optical transmission equipment STM-1/hiT7050 being equipped in project “Thanh Cong 220kV substation, improving Thanh Cong 110kV substation”.

- Optical fibre NMOC will be equipped for Quoc Oai 220kV substation, Chem 220kV substation and Ha Dong 220kV substation.

- Optical information route Chem- West Hanoi – Ha Dong STM-1 being used to transfer guard signal for Chem – Quoc Oai – Ha Dong 220kV transmission line, connect with central exchange network from West Hanoi 220kV substation to Chem 220kV substation.

West Hanoi 220kV substation will be equipped with 01 multiplex PCM-30, 01 central exchange PABX, 01 power supply system DC-48V.

Chem 220kV substation will be equipped with 01 trunk card 4W E&M.

West Hanoi 220kV substation and North Regional Load Dispatch Centre (A1) will be equipped with 01 couple Modem.

10 teleprotection sets without optical module will be equipped for West Hanoi 220kV substation (06 sets), Chem 220kV substation (02 sets) and Ha Dong 220kV substation (02 sets). 02 teleprotection sets with optical module will be equipped for Hoa Binh 500/220kV substation to protect West Hanoi – Hoa Binh and Chem - West Hanoi – Ha Dong transmission lines.




1.4.1.6. 110kV transmission line connection

This project will consider and construct the following connection 110kV transmission line to supply power for substations around Hanoi area:

Scale:

Including two branches with total length at 2,317m as follows:

Branch 1: Constructing 110kV transmission line to connect with Ha Dong – Son Tay and Chem – Son Tay transmission lines.

- Start point : Gantry 110kV of West Hanoi 220kV substation.

- End point : ĐC (belonging to pole span 58 - 59 of Ha Dong – Son Tay 110kV transmission line, 15m far away from pole 58).

- Total length of branch 1 at 2,137m, in which:

+ Double circuit line segments with length at 360m including two segments, segment 1 from Gantry 110kV–NC1-G1 and segment 2 from Gantry 110kV–NC2-G1.

+ Four circuit line segment with length at 1,777m from G1 to end point ĐC (belonging to pole span 58 - 59 of Ha Dong – Son Tay 110kV transmission line). 02 below circuit lines will be connected with Ha Dong – Son Tay 110kV transmission line, 02 upper circuit lines will be connected with Chem – Son Tay 110kV transmission line.

Branch 2: Constructing 110kV transmission line from West Hanoi 220kV substation to An Khanh.

- Start point: Gantry 110kV of West Hanoi 220kV substation.

- End point: G1 (position of pole have lines shared with line 220kV turnout West Hanoi 220kV substation).

- Total length: 180m

Route from Gantry 110kV–NC3–G1 (G1: position of pole has lines shared with line 220kV turnout West Hanoi 220kV substation) belonging to other project.

Range

Range of 110kV transmission line connected with West Hanoi 220kV substation consists of two branches: branch 1 and 2 have start and end points showed in “Scale” item. Rear line segments connected with Chem – Son Tay 110kV transmission line and Anh Khanh 110kV substation not belonging to this project.

- Renovating current 10kV transmission line with length at 500m to ensure connection distance of 110kV transmission line.




Feature of connected 110kV transmission line

- Voltage level : 110kV

- Conductor : ACSR400/51

- Pole structure : two circuit and four circuit poles

- Total length of connected branches: 2,317m, in which there are two circuits with length at 540m, and four circuits with length at 1,777m.

- Lightning conductor:

+ 01 lightning conductor Phlo x 147.1

+ 01 lightning conductor combined with optical fibre OPGW90, 12 fibers

- Insulating: hanging insulating (ceramic or glass)

- Pole: being made of galvanized shape steel and associated via bolts

- Foundation: being made of on the spot casted reinforcement concrete

- Dismantling and recovering 01 one circuit stay pole (position of current pole 58 belonging to Ha Dong – Son Tay 110kV transmission line) to construct new four circuit connection pole.

- Handling existing 10kV transmission line: re-constructing existing 10kV transmission line with length at 500m to guarantee crossed distance between new constructed 110kV transmission line and existing Ha Dong – Son Tay 110kV transmission line.

Transmission line route

Connected 110kV transmission line routes are mainly through rice fields, several ponds, lakes, and farms and dump bank being leveled for constructing.

Connection of 110kV transmission line:

- Used land area: 843.0m2

- Filled soil volume: 516.0m3

- Common assessment about landform level: level III




Figure 1.3. West Hanoi 220kV substation layout




1.4.2. Execution manner and volume of project

1.4.2.1. Main construction volume of project

In construction period of West Hanoi 220kV substation, main construction volume and items as follows:

Table 1.1. Volume of main construction items of project

No. Name of construction items Diameter and volume Scale (structure)

I Station part

1 Removed vegetable layer 17,104.0m3 Average thickness at 0.3m

2 Filled station floor 126,114.0m3 Average thickness at 2.5m

3 Rubble concrete barrier 859.2m

4 Road for truck inside the station 6,072.7m2

Rubble foundation, asphalt concrete road surface

5 Fence 1,221.3m Two types (Brick and steel fences)

6 Outdoor equipment

- Pillar, pier 500.78 ton Galvanized shape steel

- Pillar, pier, machine foundations 2,698.0

On the spot casted reinforcement concrete

- Troughing through road - Underground troughing

1,868.23m 84.1m

Floor and wall used on the spot casted reinforcement concrete, covering slab used prefabricated concrete

7 Control building (two floors) 20.7x16.3m Concrete frame, sheet metal roof, painted wall

8 Security house 4,5x 4,0m Brick foundation and lime wall

9 Operation management zone 835 m2 Nine compartment house: 27.6m2/compartment

10 Pump station house 7.2x4.5m Concrete foundation and roof, brick wall

10 Bay control house 7.2x3.0m Frame house, reinforcement concrete foundation, brick wall

11 Water feeding and discharging system

- 1 emergency oil tank 100.0m3 reinforcement concrete foundation




No. Name of construction items Diameter and volume Scale (structure)

- 3 water for fire fighting D=6m reinforcement concrete foundation

- 1 bored well 2x2 h = 60m, pipe PVC 110

- Concrete bored well D =1,5m Reinforcement concrete foundation

- Rain-water collection pit 0.76x0.76m Brick

- CTN pipe system Steel and round concrete pipes

II Road outside the station

12 Road length 261 m

13 Road width 6m

14 Removed vegetable layer 671.4m3

15 Filled road floor 7,258.0m3 Sand filling + soil covering slope

16 Stone embankment 196.6m

17 Area of stone embankment roof 1,672.33m2

III Connected 35kV transmission line Length at 600m

18 Excavated foundation soil 218.0m3

19 Filled foundation soil 158.0m3

20 Concrete 56.6m3

21 Galvanized steel 2.11 ton




110kV transmission line renovation with length at 500m doesn’t belong to range of this project and isn’t presented in this report.

35kV transmission line supplying power for auxiliary transformer of station jumped from existing 35kV transmission line with length at 580m, particular items of auxiliary 35kV transmission line as follows:

- Voltage level : 35kV

- Number of circuit : 01 circuit

- Start point : connection at position of VT pole 08 bay 373.E1.28

- End point : substation 560KVA-35(22)/0,4KV inside West Hanoi 220kV substation

- Length route : 580m

- Hanging insulating : C-70D

- Conductor : AC-70/11

1.4.2.2. Construction and erection measure

1. Soil items and land clearance

- Leveling: remove organic soil layer transported to dump bank with average distance at 5 km by complex of bulldozer CV 110, excavator 0.4m3, truck 5 ton.

- Floor sand filling: using complex of bulldozer, and compactor 9 ton.

- Foundation soil excavation: excavating pole foundation, emergency oil tank by excavator 0.4m3.

- Foundation soil excavation of pillar, troughing, fence, truck road, control building, distribution house, pump station house by hand.

- Transporting abundant soil by truck 5 ton with average distance at 5 km.

- Floor soil will be compacted to designed tightness to ensure the stability of floor. Excavation and filling works being done by special equipments like: bulldozer, compactor, dump truck, etc.

- Back filling will be carried out right after project’s commencement to create execution site as well as stable settlement for soil floor. Organic soil layer with thickness at about 200 ÷ 300mm will be removed before implementing back filling.

- Soil being filled according to every layer with thickness at 200÷300mm, compacting




by automotive vibrator to achieve required tightness. Minimum tightness of filled layer of station zone, construction site and auxiliary zone is at k 95%. To guarantee floor water drainage with slope at 0.003, the highest zone being leveled with elevation at 8.4m, fence of station being leveled with elevation at 8.2m.

2. Concrete work

- Precast concrete: precast concrete structural elements being casted at casting area at construction site.

- On the spot concrete: on the spot concrete being mixed by mobile concrete mixing machine 250l, compacted by compactor combined with hand to press the concrete.

3. Reinforcement work

- Reinforcement in precast concrete and on the spot concrete being produced at construction site.

- Steel structure: galvanized shape steel bar, pole are produced inland. Especially, equipment bearing pillars are imported.

4. Framework

Framework of concrete is mainly wood framework produced at work shop at construction site.

5. Brick, stone construction

Mortar is mixed by mobile mixing machine 250l; lift up by elevator or chain hoist.

6. Construction structural element and equipment installation

- Construction structural element: precast structural element (covering slab) being erected by hand

- Steel structure

- Pole, beam being erected by hoist combined with hand

- Pillar being erected by hoist combined with hand

7. Installation

* Transformer installation

- Transformer is placed at base-plate and justified by hydraulic jack, capstan, pulley. Installing auxiliaries of transformer by hoist combined with hand, including: high, medium and low voltage input bushings; radiator; relief tube; gas relay; conduit box; etc.

- Finish, earthing and painting




- Oil filter by special device

* Other dielectric material, equipment installation

- Outdoor dielectric material, equipment are installed by hoist combined with hand. They must be checked, cleaned and transported into prepared position.

- Earthing wire drawing being welded by hand.

- Moving cubicle from outside to inside by hand, after that installing and connecting it bay hand.

1.4.2.3. Auxiliary items serving execution

1. Temporary road

Access temporary road with total length at 261m is jumped from road on Day river dike.

2. Temporary yard scale

* Arrangement

Temporary yard is properly utilized from clear zones inside construction site.

* Structure

- Temporary yard is enclosed with bamboo and covered with cement roof. Floor of this yard is rested on wood beam with 0.2m higher than ground face.

- Opened temporary yard is made of bamboo and covered with cement roof.

- Concrete structural element casting yard is made of concrete M100 with depth at 100mm, floated with 20mm deep cement layer.

- Structural element yard: leveling, tightly compacting.




* Scale

Table 1.2. Temporary yard scale

No. Structure Area (m2)

1 Enclosed yard 250

2 Opened yard 200

3 Concrete structural element casting yard 200

3. Temporary house for construction and erection workers

- Structure: bamboo and cement.

- Arrangement: inside the station’s fence.

- There are properly 30-40 workers taking part in construction at the same time

4. Office for experts

- Structure: wall 110 with pillar, cement roof, floor being made of concrete M100 with depth at 100mm, floated with 20mm deep motor M50 layer.

- Scale and arrangement: area at 50m2, being arranged inside fence of the substation.

- There are properly 5-10 experts working at the same time.

1.4.3. Production and operation technology

Substation is used to convert electricity from certain voltage level to other voltage level and plays an important part in National electricity supply system. There are lots of issues arisen, especially cost for transmission system and electricity loss during transmitting electricity far away from generation place to assumption place. The most effective solution to minimize the cost is to raise the voltage up to high level, at that time cross-section of cable and transmitted electricity loss will be significantly declined. However, voltage level is raised up to reasonable certain level with electricity insulating and safety. Hence, substation has responsibility in raising voltage level up when being transmitted and lowering voltage level down to suit with usage demand.

West Hanoi 220kV substation transmits electricity via 220kV transmission line and lowers voltage level down to 110 KV, 22 KV and 0.4 KV substations serving for electricity transmission target; industrial, production and living operations.




1.4.4. List of equipment and machine

1.4.4.1. Equipment during construction period

Equipment and machine demand during this period is determined according to working amount, execution measure which mainly presented as above and current execution norms.

Table 1.3. List of equipment during construction period

No. Name of equipment Unit Quantity

1 Hoisting crane 25 ton set 1 2 Concrete mixing machine 250l set 3

3 Mortar mixing machine 250l set 3

4 Vibrator set 2

5 Small hoisting crane set 2

6 Needle vibrator set 5

7 Soil compactor set 4

8 Oil filter set 1

9 Welding machine set 1

10 Excavator 0.4m3 set 1

11 Electric winch 5 ton set 2

1.4.4.2. Equipment during operation period

Major equipment during operation period of West Hanoi 220kV substation is particularly showed in the following tables:

Table 1.4. List of main equipment and material of station

No. Name of equipment and material Unit Quantity I Transformer 1 Instrument transformer 220/110/23kV-250MVA set 1

2 Auxiliary transformer 35/0.4kV-560kVA set 1

3 Auxiliary transformer 22/0.4kV-560kVA set 1

II Distribution equipment 220kV

1 Circuit breaker 3 phases: 245kV-3150A-50kA/3s, type SF6 placed outdoor

set 2

2 Circuit breaker 1 phase: 245kV-3150A-50kA/3s, type SF6 placed outdoor

set (3 phase)

7

3 Disconnector 245kV-3150A, 3 bases (all types) set 25

4 Disconnector 245kV-3150A, 1 base (all types) set 24




No. Name of equipment and material Unit Quantity 5 Current transformer 1 phase 220kV all types set 27

6 Voltage transformer 1 phase 220kV cylinder type set 25

7 Valve type lightning arrester 192kV-10kA, 1 phase

set 9

III Distribution equipment 110kV

1 Circuit breaker 3 phases: 123kV-2000A-40kA/3s, type SF6 placed outdoor

set 9

2 Disconnector 123kV-2000A, 3 bases (all types) set 25

3 Disconnector 123kV-2000A, 1 base (all types) set 24

4 Current transformer 1 phase 110kV all types set 27

5 Voltage transformer 1 phase 110kV all types set 28

6 Valve type lightning arrester 962kV-10kA, 1 phase

set 9

IV Distribution equipment 35kV 1 Auxiliary station 35/0,4kV-560kVA set 1 2 Constructing new branch 35kV km 0,65 V Distribution equipment 22kV 1 Circuit breaker 24kV- 630A-25kA/3s, type SF6 set 1

2 Disconnector24kV- 630A, 3 bases set 1

3 Current transformer 1 phase 22kV set 3

4 Voltage transformer 1 phase 22kV set 3

5 Valve type lightning arrester 22kV-10kA, 1 phase set 6 VI Protection and control cubicle 1 Protection and control cubicle set 19 VII Auxiliary electricity system 1 Alternating distribution system 380/220V-AC system 1 2 One-way electricity system 220V-DC system 1 3 Voltage regulation cubicle set 2

4 Rectification cubicle set 2

5 Battery 220V-300Ah set 2

VIII Material - auxiliary 1 Post insulator 220kV set 278

2 Post insulator 110kV set 152

3 String 220kV set 60




No. Name of equipment and material Unit Quantity 4 String 110kV set 48 5 Conductor with all types of clips lot 1

Technical feature of major equipment:

a. Instrument 220kV transformer

- Standard: IEC-60076

- Type: Auto-transformer, 3 phases, oil immersion, placing outdoor

- Norminal capacity: 250000/250000/50000kVA

- Cooling system: type ONAN/ONAF/OFAF (ONAN/ONAF1/ONAF2)

- Transformer oil:

+ Type: DIALA BX (or equivalent oil)

+ Temperature increase level inside coil: 60K

+ Temperature increase level inside oil: 55K

- Noise: according to criteria IEC-60551

- Cooling fan system works at automatic regime or by hand at transformer and inside control room.

- Rubble pocket to isolate oil from air in auxiliary oil tank.

b. Auxiliary transformer 22kV

- Standard: IEC-60076

- Transformer 3 phases, 2 coils, oil immersion, placing outdoor

- Norminal capacity: 560kVA

- Cooling system: type ONAN

- Temperature increase level inside coil: 60K

- Temperature increase level inside oil: 55K

1.4.4.3. Equipment transportation

- Equipment, materials being imported according to full set relied on order at jetty.

- These will be transported to station by truck. Especially, transformer will be transported from Hai Phong jetty to Hanoi jetty via water way, and from Hanoi jetty to station via special vehicle.

- Electric equipment and materials including: primary and secondary are imported

- Steel structure: galvanized steel pillars are imported enclosing with equipment.




- Pole, bar are fabricated inland.

- Materials for air conditioner ventilation, water feeding and discharging for fire fighting, lighting and earthing grid of all station are provided from local source.

1.4.5. Material, fuel

1.4.5.1. Electricity, water serving for execution

Constructing 35/0.4 kV - 560kVA substation connected with local existing 35kV transmission line (bay 373 E1.28) with length at 290m, conductor AC-70 outside the station to supply electricity for execution immediately and for auxiliary source of station afterwards.

Water demand during construction period is about 15 m3/day.night. Water feeding for execution progress will be water from bored well: 01 well being welled at 80m deep via pressure welling technology. Water will be pre-treated to eliminate Fe and Ashen before used.

1.4.5.2. Material demand during construction period

Material and fuel used during construction period are listed in below table:

Table 1.5. Major construction material summarization

No. Name of material Unit Amount

1 Cement ton 1,710.00

2 Gold sand m3 4,322.00

3 Rubble m3 6,890.00

4 Broken stone m3 3,944.00

5 Brick 1000quarter

649.60

6 Foundation steel ton 246.00

7 Galvanized steel ton 503.00

8 Foundation bolt ton 157.89

9 Wood framework m3 133.61

Construction material transportation distance:

- All kinds of construction material are supplied from local source.

- Construction material transportation: from local source with longest distance about 25km from project position and being transported by truck.




1.4.5.3. Material and fuel demand during operation period Table 1.6. List of monthly average usage material and fuel

No. Raw material/chemical Quantity

1 heat transmission and insulation oil 10 litre

2 Alkaline solution 4 litre

All of these chemicals will be transported to station based on orders with suppliers. According to contract, up to fuel change time, suppliers will come to exhaust waste fuel and supplement new fuel. Waste fuel will also be transported to treat in accordance with safe criteria about environment.

1.4.6. Schedule of project

- Making investment project : Quarter 1/2012

- Making technical design : Quarter 2/2013

- Making equipment bidding document : Quarter 3/2013

- Making construction and installation bidding document : Quarter 3/2013

- Making production drawings : Quarter 4/2013

- Commencing project : Quarter 4/2013

- Inaugurating and handing over the project : Quarter 4/2014

1.4.7. Investment capital

- Total investment cost of project : 648,003,820,000 VND.

(Equivalent to : 30,826,000 USD)

In which: local capital : 483,884,465 VND.

foreign capital : 164,119,354 VND

Analysis results of base case being presented in the following table:

Table 1.7. Economic – financial analysis result

FIRR (%) NPV (billion VNĐ)

B/C Thoànvốn

Base case 19.55 301.4 1.013 12

Analysis results of sensitivity being presented in the following table:




Table 1.8. Investment capital sensitivity analysis result

FIRR (%) NPV (billion VNĐ)

B/C Thoànvốn

Investment capital increases 10% 17.34 212.7 1.013 13

Load decreases 10% 17.09 181.8 1.012 14

Investment capital increases 10% and Load decreases 10%

14.63

90.7

1.008

15

- Assessment:

The project achieves financial effect in all cases. Borrowing and paying capability of project is feasible. In sensitivity analysis cases, the project achieves financial effect even when investment capital increase and load decreases.

1.4.8. Management and operation organization

1.4.8.1. System management structure

EVN is established according to Decision No. 562/TTg dated 10/10/1994 of Prime Minister.

Decision No. 510/QĐ-EVN dated 28/8/2008 of EVN’s board of directors about promulgating organization and operation regulation of NPT.

Organization structure of EVN consisting: Board of directors, General Director and Vice directors, functional departments of EVN, several dependent and independent accounting member units.

Organization structure of NPT including: Board of members, General Director and Vice directors, functional departments of NPT, several dependent and independent accounting member units.

When Hoa Binh – West Hanoi 220kV transmission line, Ha Dong - West Hanoi 220kV transmission line, Chem - West Hanoi 220kV transmission line, and West Hanoi 220kV substation enclosing with several outgoing feeder lines from 500kV, 220kV stations in the North appear, Vietnam power system operation management organization model is still based on existing model. Particularly, Number 1 Power Transmission Company as well as National Load Dispatch Centre (A0) will be supplemented more device and manpower, operation organization amount and range.

NPT directs operations of Vietnam power system via Dispatch Centres and Power transmission companies.




1.4.8.2. Pump station operation management

Pump station operation measure: there are always people to supervise. Operations of staff will be done when National Load Dispatch Centre (A0) has direction via Power telecommunication information system.

Based on regulation of NPT, there are expectedly 38 operators working here. Operation is divided into 3 shifts and 5 sub-shifts to maintain regular operation at station with the following details:

Head of station : 1 person

Deputy head of station : 1 person

Economic staff : 1 person

Major operation superviser : 5 people

Auxiliary operation superviser : 15 people

Regular repair worker : 10 people

Security guard : 9 people

Handyman, storekeeper, administration staff : 1 person

Station operation management zone will be arranged inside the station to facilitate for operation and maintenance.

1.4.8.3. Equipment serving for station operation management

The station will be equipped with special devices, official and communication equipment in accordance with stipulation of NPT for 220kV substations.




CHAPTER 2: NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2.1. NATURAL CONDITIONS

West Hanoi 220kV substation is placed in the field within Yen Noi hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai town, Hanoi.

2.1.1. Geological conditions

Quoc Oai town is in the West of Hanoi, around 20km away from the city center. The area is limited in geological coordinates: from 20054’ to 21004’ North latitude and from 105030’ to 105043’50” East longitude. It is adjacent to Dan Phuong and Hoai Duc district to the East, Hoa Binh province to the West; Chuong My district to the South; Thach That and Phuc Tho district to the North. Total area is 147.01 km2.

According to the General Planning of Hanoi Capital construction up to 2030 and vision up to 2050, in Quoc Oai town, there are Hoa Lac Hi-tech park, urban areas (mainly along Lang-Hoa Lac route), areas for ecological agriculture, services for tourism, small and medium industrial clusters, and entertainment centers around Day River dyke.

Figure 2.1.Geological position of Quoc Oai town - Hanoi

2.1.2. Geologic conditions

Based on geologic engineering prospection data collected in the field in 220 kV station and 35kV auxiliary transmission line area as well as based on the experimental results of soil sampling in laboratory, natural soil base of the station and along 35kV auxiliary




transmission line area was investigated and described to 20,0m deep, including layers in top-down order as below:

2.1.2.1. 220 kV station

1. Layer 1: Soil land and backfill

Soil land is around 0.3 ÷ 0.4m deep, covering nearly all the station area. The main content of soil land is brown and grey doughy clay, with many roots of plants, rice, and second crop.

Backfill is around 0.2 ÷ 0.5m deep, including dividing dykes, field dams, ditch bank which are rare in the area of the station. The main content of backfill is brown and grey, quasi-plastic clay, with many roots of wild plants and grass.

It is necessary to remove the soil land and backfill layer when leveling the station.

2. Layer 9: Quasi-plastic clay (amQ)

Layer 9 is mainly on the surface of the terrain. It is available in all bore holes in the station area with depth ranging from 1,1÷4,0m. The main content of land is brown, grey and green yellow clay. The land is rather compact, quasi-plastic, saturated.

Standard physic-mechanical criteria of Layer 9 are shown in Table 2-1.

3. Layer 11: Mixed quasi-plastic clay (amQ)

Layer 11 is allocated under layer 9, sometimes, lenticular places are created, allocated on the surface. It is mainly available in location K3 ÷ K7. Depth of layer 11 ranges from 1.1 ÷ 3.1m. The main content of land is mixed clay which is light brown, grey and green, intertwined with lenticular sand. Land is rather compact, quasi-plastic ÷ elastic and soft, saturated.

Standard physic-mechanical criteria of Layer 11 are shown in Table 2-1.

4. Layer 9a: Elastic and soft – quasi-plastic clay (amQ)

Layer 9a is allocated right below layer 9 and layer 11. It is available in almost all bore holes (except for K6, K7 and K10). Depth of this layer ranges from 1,5 ÷ 3,7m. Main content of land is grey, grey and green clay. Land is rather compact, elastic and soft – quasi-liquid, saturated.

Standard physic-mechanical criteria of Layer 11 are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1. Summary of physic-mechanical criteria of land layers

No. Criteria Symbol Unit Layer

9 Layer 11

Layer 9a




No. Criteria Symbol Unit

Layer 9

Layer 11

Layer 9a

1 Natural volumetric soil mass

o g/cm3 1,80 1,91 1,81

2 Density g/cm3 2,72 2,70 2,72 3 Natural humidity W % 31,2 26,7 36,8 4 Saturated degree G % 87 90 95 5 Viscosity B 0,34 0,39 0,80 6 Ductility index IP % 19,0 15,0 19,7 7 Pore index 0,984 0,795 1,051 8 Porosity N % 49,5 44,3 51,1 9 Settlement index A cm2/kg 0,041 0,027 0,069 10 Angle of internal

friction (o) 13 15 7

11 Adhesive force C kg/cm2 0,15 0,16 0,07 12 Deformation module E kg/cm2 104 144 60

13 Loaded intensity R0 kg/cm2 1,2-1,5 1,1-1,3 0,5-0,7

14 Consolidation coefficient *103

Cv Cm2/s 0,90 1,40 0,76

15 Pressure pre-consolidation coefficient

kg/cm2 0,95 0,95 0,89

5. Layer 9b: Quasi-liquid – liquid clay (amQ)

Layer 9b is allocated right under Layer 9, 9a and 11. It is available in all bore holes. Depth of this layer ranges from 3,5 to above 16,0m. The main content of land is grey and black, grey and green clay, intertwined with a lot of lenticular mud with many organic holes. Sometimes, there are even new wooden stems, dark yellow (K13 at 6,5m deep). Land is rather compact, quasi-liquid – liquid, saturated.

Standard physic-mechanical criteria of Layer 9b are shown in Table II-2.

6. Layer 11a: Mixed quasi-liquid – liquid clay (amQ)

Layer 11a is allocated under layer 9b. It is available in almost all bore holes (except for K12, K15, K17 and K18). Depth of this layer ranges from 1,5 to above 5,0m. The main content of land is brown and pink, grey and green, grey and black mixed clay, with organic, and much lenticular sand. Land is rather compact, quasi-liquid – liquid, saturated.

Standard physic-mechanical criteria of Layer 11a are shown in Table 2-2.

7. Layer 14: Fine grain sand (amQ)




Layer 14 is allocated below layer 11a. It is available in boreholes K1 and K2. Depth of this layer is above 4,0m. The main content of sand is grey and green, grey and black fine grain sand, with lenticular mud. Sand is rather compact, liquid and saturated.

Standard physic-mechanical criteria of Layer 14 are as follows.

- Density : (g/cm3) = 2.63

- Volumetric compact soil mass : C (g/cm3) = 1.41

- Volumetric pore soil mass : X (g/cm3) = 1.20

- Maximum porosity index : max = 1.197

- Minimum porosity index : min = 0.868

- Angle of repose when dry : k (0) =36

- Andgle of repose when wet : ư (0) =30

- Deformation module : E kG/cm2 = 140

- Loaded intensity : R0kG/cm2 = 1.8-2.0

8. Layer 18: Half stiff- quasi-plastic clay (edQ)

Layer 18 is allocated below layer 11a. It is available in bore holes (K13 and K14). Depth of this bore layer up to 20,0m is unidentified. (Reference shows that this layer will develop further and loaded intensity will increase). The main content of land is yellow with red spot clay, grey and green clay with few sand. Land is rather compact, half stiff – quasi-plastic, saturated.

Standard physic-mechanical criteria of Layer 9b are shown in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2. Summary of physic-mechanical criteria of land

No. Criteria Symbol Unit

Layer 9b

Layer 11a

Layer 18

1 Natural volumetric soil mass

o g/cm3 1.71 1.86 1.86

2 Density g/cm3 2.70 2.71 2.73 3 Natural humidity W % 47.5 33.6 32.6 4 Saturated degree G % 96 96 94 5 Viscosity B 1.18 1.19 0.06 6 Ductility index IP % 21.6 11.6 27.8 7 Pore index 1.329 0.946 0.946 8 Porosity N % 56.9 48.6 48.6 9 Settlement index A cm2/kg 0.093 0.038 0.068




10 Angle of internal friction

(o) 5 9 17

11 Adhesive force C kg/cm2 0.05 0.09 0.20 12 Deformation

module E kg/cm2 30 38 70

13 Loaded intensity R0 kg/cm2 0.4-0.6 0.6-0.8 1.6-1.8 14 Consolidation

coefficient *103 Cv cm2/s 0.65 1.05 1.08

15 Pressure pre-consolidation coefficient

kg/cm2 0.90 1.26 1.26




2.1.2.2. 35kV auxiliary transmission line

1. Layer 9: Quasi-plastic clay (amQ)

Layer 9 is allocated on the terrain surface. Depth of this layer is 5,0m. The main content of land is light brown, grey and green clay. Land is rather compact, quasi-plastic, saturated.

Standard physic-mechanical criteria of Layer 9b are shown in Table 2.3:

2. Layer 9a: Elastic and soft – quasi-liquid clay (amQ)

Layer 9a is allocated right below layer 9. Depth of bore layer up to 6,0m is unidentified. The main content of land is grey, grey and green clay. Land is rather compact, elastic and soft, saturated.

Standard physic-mechanical criteria of Layer 9b are shown in Table 2.3:

Table 2.3. Summary of physic-mechanical criteria of land layers

No. Parameters Symbol Unit Layer 9 Layer 9a

1 Natural volumetric soil mass o g/cm3 1.80 1.81

2 Density g/cm3 2.72 2.72 3 Natural humidity W % 31.2 36.8 4 Saturated degree G % 87 95 5 Viscosity B 0.34 0.80 6 Ductility index IP % 19.0 19.7 7 Pore index 0.984 1.051 8 Porosity n % 49.5 51.1 9 Settlement index a cm2/kg 0.041 0.069

10 Angle of internal friction (o) 13 7

11 Adhesive force C kg/cm2 0.15 0.07 12 Deformation module E kg/cm2 104 60

13 Loaded intensity R0 daN/cm2 1.2-1.5 0.5-0.7

2.1.3. Meteorological conditions

2.1.3.1. Air temperature

In the project area, from May to October, the weather is hot and humid, with average temperature of 27,7oC. From November to April the following year, the weather is cold with average temperature of 19,9oC. The highest absolute temperature measured in Ha Dong weather station was 400C on 5 July, 2010. The lowest absolute temperature measured




was 5,90C on 26 January, 2005. Values of average temperatures from 2002 to 2011 are shown in the following table:

Table 2.4. Mean monthly temperature from 2002 to 2011 (0C)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual average

2002 17.1 19.2 22.0 25.0 26.9 29.1 29.2 27.8 26.7 24.6 20.7 18.7 23.9 2003 16.5 20.7 21.6 25.6 28.2 29.7 29.4 28.3 26.8 25.4 22.8 17.4 24.4 2004 16.7 17.5 20.2 23.5 25.6 28.7 28.6 28.3 27.1 24.5 22.1 18.0 23.4 2005 15.7 17.5 18.8 23.4 28.1 29.3 28.8 27.9 27.5 25.3 21.9 16.7 23.4 2006 17.7 18.1 19.9 24.6 26.3 29.3 29.1 27.2 27.1 26.3 23.7 17.3 23.9 2007 16.3 21.4 20.8 22.7 26.2 29.3 29.5 28.4 26.4 24.9 20.3 19.9 23.8 2008 14.8 13.5 20.9 24.2 26.7 27.9 28.7 28.4 27.4 25.8 21.0 17.7 23.1 2009 15.4 22.0 20.6 24.1 26.4 29.6 29.1 29.2 28.3 25.9 21.2 19.5 24.3 2010 17.8 20.5 21.6 23.2 28.2 30.3 30.0 27.9 28.2 25.1 21.5 19.1 24.5 2011 12.7 17.6 17.1 23.4 26.6 29.0 29.5 28.6 27.3 24.3 23.4 17.0 23.0 Average 16.1 18.8 20.4 24.0 26.9 29.2 29.2 28.2 27.3 25.2 21.9 18.1 23.8

Source: Hydro Meteorological Data Center – National Hydro Meteorological Center, 2012.

2.1.3.2. Air humidity

Average humidity of the project area from 2002 to 2011 was 84%. Values of monthly and annual average humidity from 2002 to 2011 are shown in the following table.

Table 2.5. Relative average humidity of months from 2002 to 2011(%)


2002 83 88 86 88 88 86 84 88 87 85 85 87 86 2003 84 87 83 87 87 81 85 90 90 80 78 77 84 2004 83 87 85 90 89 82 85 89 88 79 81 79 85 2005 84 88 86 89 87 83 85 90 88 83 85 76 85 2006 79 89 87 86 85 83 85 91 81 84 82 81 85 2007 76 87 92 85 84 83 84 88 87 85 75 83 84 2008 83 76 85 88 84 87 84 87 87 85 80 78 84 2009 77 88 86 86 86 80 84 84 83 82 71 78 82 2010 84 83 80 86 84 78 79 86 83 75 75 80 81 2011 73 85 82 84 81 84 80 83 83 82 81 72 81 Average 81 86 85 87 86 83 84 88 86 82 79 79 84





2.1.3.3. Radiation

Total average hour of sunlight measured in 10 years (2002-2011) was 1325.9 hours/year. Sunlight regime is closely related to radiation regime and cloud situation. From December to April, the sky is overcast and cloudy, thus, average hour of sunlight is the least annually, only 63.6 hours/month. From May, it gets warmer, average hours of sunlight are 144 hours/month.

Table 2.6.Total hours of sunlight monthly and annually in Ha Dong weather station

(hours)


2002 77.7 42.6 31.3 111.0 128.6 124.9 101.9 152.3 144.6 140.0 100.1 60.6 1215.6

2003 109.3 93.1 73.5 101.8 166.1 153.5 226.6 119.2 145.9 148.7 132.6 99.2 1569.5

2004 34.5 60.9 46.2 67.6 127.0 165.3 110.9 165.4 133.9 120.6 128.7 152.0 1313.0

2005 30.0 19.3 34.1 74.8 184.7 122.8 202 130.6 163.7 113.5 127.6 67.6 1270.7

2006 68.0 35.9 26.4 104.6 164.4 182.5 154.9 92.7 169.6 111.3 146.9 100.9 1358.1

2007 62.6 64.7 25.7 78.8 145.7 227.1 216.6 155.2 135.5 92.2 182.9 53.1 1440.1

2008 62.0 28.5 65.8 77.6 150.3 120.7 149.0 135.4 128.4 104.0 149.0 110.2 1280.9

2009 96.8 0.0 45.2 97.6 143.6 168.3 161.9 202.4 139.8 126.4 141.4 67.1 1390.5

2010 31.8 103.2 57.9 53.4 133.5 158.8 190.9 116.8 163.4 115.7 97.8 69 1292.2

2011 1.5 37.4 13.3 60.7 150.6 136.5 172.6 168.6 107.2 80.7 106.3 93.2 1128.6

Average 57.4 48.6 41.9 82.8 149.5 156.0 168.7 143.9 143.2 115.3 131.3 87.3 1325.9


2.1.3.4. Wind speed and direction

Wind is the most fundamental meteorological element which has an effect on propagation of pollutants in the air and disorder of water pollutants.

In the project area, major wind directions in winter are North West and West (Figure b), in summer are South East and North-North East (Figure a). Factors contributing to wind direction are pressure and topographical characteristics of the area. Annual average wind speed and directions (from 2002 to 2011) are shown in the following table.

Table 2.7.Average monthly and annually wind speed (m/s)

Year/ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

2002 Vtb 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.3

Vmax 8 7 6 7 7 8 12 12 9 6 8 8 12

Direction W SSE SE SE W SW SSE NW NE SE NE NE SSE

Date 12 25 2 10 1 20 1 18 12 6 16 8 1-VII





2003 Vtb 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1.3

Vmax 8 8 8 7 9 7 13 8 6 6 6 6 13

Direction NE SE NE SE SSE SSE W W SE SE SSE NE W

Date 27 21 6 17 3 29 9 27 14 4 5 19 9

2004 Vtb 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1.3

Vmax 8 10 7 8 14 10 9 10 6 1 8 7 14

Direction NE NE SE ENE SW NW SSE NW NE NE NE NE SW

Date 18 3 20 16 28 26 15 4 19 2 15 30 28

2005 Vtb 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1.3

Vmax 8 8 9 18 12 10 18 9 14 6 7 7 18

Direction SE SE NE NE SW NW N NW N S NNE NE N

Date 25 14 12 12 13 5 31 16 27 18 18 4 31-VII

2006 Vtb 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2

Vmax 7 10 8 12 13 14 10 7 9 9 13 6 14

Direction NE SE NE NE N SW SW NE N NW N NNE SW

Date 6 13 13 28 13 12 19 10 10 9 20 1 12-VI

2007 Vtb 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1.5

Vmax 7 11 9 14 9 13 13 14 16 8 7 6 16

Direction SE ESE SE NE N SW NE NNE N NE NW SE N

Date 16 27 2 3 12 12 26 16 18 4 27 1 18-IX

2008 Vtb 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.0

Vmax 6 6 6 6 9 8 8 7 8 8 10 7 10

Direction SE NE SE SE NW SE N SW SE ESE NE N NE

Date 9 26 20 6 9 20 28 4 13 23 7 5 7-XI

2009 Vtb 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.2

Vmax 8 8 11 7 8 12 7 7 8 7 9 9 12

Direction N SE NE SE SE SW SE N N NW N SE SW

Date 21 19 13 9 12 30 6 8 26 14 2 6 30-VI

2010 Vtb 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.0

Vmax 7 10 17 10 14 12 13 10 8 9 7 15 17

Direction NNE ESE NNE NNE SW SW S ESE SE NNE NE NE NNE

Date 12 8 25 26 21 7 6 24 8 3 4 25 25-III

2011 Vtb 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2





Vmax 10 10 14 8 12 15 13 7 9 7 5 6 15

Direction NE SE NNE SE SE NW NNE NW NW NW NW NE NW

Date 11 11 15 13 23 23 30 5 30 4 6 8 23-VI





Figure 2.2. 12-month wind rose in project area




a. Summer (from May to October) b. Winter (from November to April the following year)

Figure 2.3.Wind rose in project area in 02 typical seasons (summer and winter)

WEST HANOI SUB220KV SUBSTATION CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT PROJECT



2.1.3.5. Evaporation

Mean evaporation in years in project area is 999mm. The most evaporation occurs in July at 106.4mm. The least evaporation occurs in February at 61.7mm. Monthly picher tube evaporation distribution of representative weather station is shown in the following table.

Table 2.8. Mean monthly evaporation from 2002 to 2011 in Ha Dong weather station

(unit: mm)


2002 72.7 54.7 72.7 77.6 75.7 89.9 77.8 61.1 62.9 68.9 58.5 54.4 826.9

2003 64.2 74.2 89.6 73.2 81.1 111.0 109.0 61.5 56.3 109.0 111.3 94.7 1035.1

2004 70.6 57.3 72.9 57.5 67.0 108.6 92.6 74.0 62.7 106.2 89.9 83.5 942.8

2005 56.9 46.9 57.7 59.3 83.9 107.9 113.2 72.2 79.0 101.2 76.0 104.1 958.3

2006 86.7 49.5 56.5 82.2 102.6 112.5 98.8 63.7 102.3 95.6 101.4 90.3 1042.1

2007 105.8 78.3 53.2 77.9 105.6 124.3 107.6 89.4 79.1 92.4 121.6 81.2 1116.4

2008 70.5 70.3 75.4 66.9 101.5 79.4 90.0 75.6 76.8 85.4 78.3 85.9 956.0

2009 81.7 52.2 64.2 75.1 84.3 115.4 83.1 98.0 83.7 97.1 123.3 95.0 1053.1

2010 63.6 84.0 94.0 62.7 86.4 132.9 130.4 75.7 92.6 122.9 101.7 86.9 1133.8

2011 81.2 50.0 63.8 75.0 91.6 81.7 96.4 79.9 72.5 74.9 69.4 88.8 925.2

Average 75.4 61.7 70.0 70.7 88.0 106.4 99.9 75.1 76.8 95.4 93.1 86.5 999.0

2.1.3.6. Rain

Rainy season often occurs from May to October. Months with the most precipitation are often July or August which are attached to rainy and stormy season in Northen Delta. Months with the least precipitation are February or December. Average precipitation in years is 1551.7mm. The most precipitation in 2002-2011 was 214mm which occurred in 13 July 2009.

Mean monthly and annually precipitation in years is shown in the following table.

Table 2.9. Mean monthly precipitation in 2002-2011 (mm)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual average

2002 24,5 33,0 14,5 14,5 224,5 260,5 114,5 158,0 147,0 128,0 66,0 81,5 1266,5

2003 40.0 42.5 5.0 30.0 330.0 218.0 325.9 321.0 340.0 15.0 0.0 2.5 1669.9

2004 2.5 13.5 33.5 121.5 204.0 254.5 367.0 303.5 116.0 17.0 38.5 18.5 1490.0

2005 28.0 18.0 44.0 40.5 81.0 217.4 330.0 484.0 464.5 4.5 184.5 26.0 1922.4

2006 0.0 13.5 37.0 25.0 219.5 148.5 201.5 381.5 126.0 16.5 55.5 0.0 1224.5





2007 0.5 31.3 20.6 110.5 144.5 294.0 140.0 189.5 201.0 179.5 6.0 5.5 1322.9

2008 35.5 20.2 8.5 40.5 233.0 307.5 281.0 349.5 250.0 394.5 280.5 9.0 2209.7

2009 4.5 6.5 36.5 54.5 234.5 232.5 505.0 95.0 179.5 78.0 0.5 0.0 1427.0

2010 74.0 0.0 0.0 42.5 105.0 260.5 207.0 244.5 358.5 43.5 1.5 5.0 1342.0

2011 1.0 5.0 117.5 83.0 191.0 295.0 120.0 305.0 249.0 225.5 2.5 48.0 1642.5

Average 21.1 18.4 31.7 56.3 196.7 248.8 259.2 283.2 243.2 110.2 63.6 19.6 1551.7


2.1.3.7. Changeable weather

- Typhoon and rain: During hot season (from August to October), there are several spells of tropical depression and storms. They are created from off shore the Philippines, then head towards South China sea, and land on Northern Delta and move towards the West and create heavy rain and strong wind.

- North-East monsoon: North-East monsoon is high barometers created from mainland Asia, flowing in direction North East through Hoa Nam (China) into North Vietnam from September to May. During cold winter, there are more blasts of wind and wind force is stronger than early and late winter. Every time there is North-East monsoon, local weather is affected from three to nearly ten days. It is characterized by suddenly lower air temperature, then it is “tropicalized” to get warmer. There are times North-East monsoon coming early or late winter encountering with hot and humid tropical weather, thus, create weather disturbance, and result in storms, tornadoes, together with ice rain, and destroy areas that they pass by.

- Hoarfrost: Usually, from December to January the following year, when blasts of North-East monsoon wind end, it is sunny and dry, cloudless at night, windless, creating very strong ground radiation. Air temperature decreases rapidly, possibly down to nearly 0oC. Steam in the air contiguous to the ground condense into salt grain, stagnate and create biting cold weather, which is called hoarfrost. Hoarfrost can delay mass exchange process of plants, frozen histocyte, several tropical soft-stem plants die which is harmful to respiratory systems of human and animals.

- “Nom”: During winter, between cold spells, there are unusual hot days in spring. Air humidity is above 90%, leading to steam stagnates on the floor, resulting to mouldy utensils, food, and favorable condition for pest to multiply. It is called “nom” (humidity caused by Southeastern wind).




2.1.4. Hydrologic conditions

In the district, there are two rivers flowing by, i.e. Day river and Tich river. Hydrologic regime of the district is reliant on Red river, Day river, Tich river and many other lakes and ponds.

Based on documents on hydrologic and topographic investigation data in 220kV station area and along 35kV auxiliary transmission line area during technical design stage made in June 2012:

- Underground water: Underground water level is stable at 0.0-1.2m deep. 01 sample was taken in the 220kv station and 35kV auxiliary transmission line area to test in laboratory in bore hole K2. Test result: agressive water is low (Ia) according to TCVN 3994-85.

- Surface water:

The area planned to construct 220kV station and 35kV auxiliary transmission line is located in the field belonging to Day river plain area on the right hand side. There are many ponds and lakes in this area. During investigation on surface terrain of the 220kV station area, most of the land is flooded. Headwater, rain water and interior field irrigation water are the major water sources for Day river, ponds, lakes and rice fields. During rainy and flooding season, water level in the river often rises (according to investigation data written on cross section). In the 220kV station and 35kV auxiliary transmission line area, 01 surface water sample was taken in the pond near K17. Test result: agressive water is low (Ia) according to TCVN-3394-85.

- Investigation on water supply for 220kV station: 220kV station is planned to be built in the area around 400m away from the residential area of Yen Noi hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai town, Hanoi. Currently, local people are using water from the collective drilled well of the commune. Water can be bought for the station in Dong Quang commune.

Mean monthly and annual water level

Based on the actual data chain measured in 10 years (2002-2011) collected by Ba Tha station, water level of Day river in flooding season (June to October) is relatively high. Mean monthly water level in years during flooding season is higher than 110cm. The highest mean water level occurred in August at 211cm. Mean water level in years in the station is 105cm.

Table 2.10. Statistics on mean monthly and yearly water level in the project area


2002 42 61 41 44 152 164 188 203 124 95 65 60 103




2003 70 65 48 41 118 133 226 210 304 96 60 50 118

2004 23 37 41 69 106 151 198 181 179 74 47 49 96

2005 31 47 35 35 52 79 184 280 297 185 101 21 112

2006 27 53 43 27 77 113 155 316 154 96 65 58 99

2007 36 43 61 37 62 89 147 132 163 245 68 56 95

2008 20 42 40 35 79 153 257 181 166 128 473 88 139

2009 49 64 47 57 135 100 260 143 115 92 46 35 95

2010 16 36 11 27 41 64 118 197 228 112 56 38 79

2011 12 41 61 25 116 137 175 266 193 195 72 59 113

Average 33 49 43 40 94 118 191 211 192 132 105 51 105

Highest monthly and yearly water level

The highest water level in record was 643cm on 3 November 2008. Highest water level occurs from July to September. These are also the months with many storms in the area.

Table 2.11. Statistics on highest monthly and yearly water level in the project area

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max

2002 84 91 75 82 303 267 288 250 234 163 132 95 303

2003 94 146 77 85 285 253 528 358 509 124 108 81 528

2004 48 78 86 152 211 243 473 291 338 112 82 87 473

2005 56 80 91 72 103 122 349 398 526 517 134 43 526

2006 44 82 93 68 175 192 345 564 312 153 113 100 564

2007 95 96 120 79 137 179 228 207 268 513 119 93 513

2008 47 88 86 75 141 239 445 327 271 548 634 209 634

2009 87 102 90 115 221 184 467 234 223 147 99 84 467

2010 68 76 51 69 97 125 243 555 518 210 99 70 555

2011 52 82 211 144 220 361 329 396 304 327 131 93 396

Max 95 146 211 152 303 361 528 564 526 548 634 209 634

Lowest monthly and yearly water level

The lowest water level in record was -28cm on 26 January, 2011. Lowest water level occurs in January.

Table 2.12. Statistics on minimum monthly and yearly water level in the project area

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Min

2002 8 24 8 7 48 82 117 140 58 48 36 28 7

2003 26 29 20 12 51 55 61 73 105 51 28 23 12




2004 7 7 6 14 10 71 67 67 67 39 21 20 6

2005 8 18 6 6 11 34 62 166 128 43 33 8 6

2006 9 20 8 7 21 36 76 112 80 32 27 28 7

2007 14 15 13 15 19 41 80 45 86 56 32 23 13

2008 1 2 4 1 0 78 160 54 71 67 215 43 0

2009 17 26 20 6 30 46 69 55 38 52 8 -1 -1

2010 -28 -14 -21 -17 -11 10 -15 43 103 57 21 -7 -28

2011 -21 -11 0 -23 44 26 80 112 72 65 25 20 -23

Min -28 -14 -21 -23 -11 10 -15 43 38 32 8 -7 -28

2.1.5. Physical geology, earthquake and electric resistivity

- The area planned to construct the station and 35kV auxiliary transmission line is located in the bottom land delta. Foundation of the construction is mainly on weak ground bed, vulnerable to sinking soil, heaving, foundation pit collapse, etc. Proper solutions are required for foundation.

- Earthquake: Based on Vietnam earthquake zoning map made by Institute of Geophysics belonging to National Center for natural sciences and technology established in 1995, the area planned to construct the West Hanoi 220kV substation is located in earthquake zone level 7.

- Electric resistivity: In the area planned to construct West Hanoi 220kV substation, electric resistivity was measured in 05 locations (TBA 5 locations) by TD2000 equipment which was produced by Institute of Physics. Measurement results were edited by software IPI2WIN, programmed by Institute of Physics. Value of electric resistivity in transformer substation is as follows: h1 = 0.75-3.65m 1 = 15-39 m h2 = 0.86-10.4m 2 = 7-56 m 3 = 6-75 m

2.1.6. Current situation of quality of physical environment components

Assessment on the current situation of the environment in the area planned to construct 220kV station and monitoring results on current situation of the environment are important documents to bring an overview picture to investors and authorities on the current situation and changing trends of the environment in the planned project area, facilitate decision making process for project implementation. From these investigations, owner and decision makers will consider the rationality of the proposed project, design schemes, operation mode, and minimizing solutions. These are also the proofs for considering environmental changes in the future when the project is implemented.




Parameters on the current situation of the foundation environment in the area planned to construct West Hanoi 220kV substation were investigated and measured by Faculty of Environment, School of Natural Sciences, Hanoi National University on 05 and 06 October 2012 under the supervision of Institute of Energy and representatives of Dong Quang Commune People’s Committee. Parameters on environment quality in the area were analyzed in Environment analysis laboratory, Faculty of Environment, School of Natural Sciences.

Measurement results and parameters analysis for assessment of the current situation of natural environment are described in detail below.

2.1.6.1. Current situation of air environment in the project area

1. Microclimate

Basic parameters of microclimate in the project area at the time of investigation and sampling including dust content, toxic gases, noise level, vibration level, etc. are shown below.

Microclimate was measured in one location in the project area with coordinates:

20°59'2,07"N 105°38'33,21"E

There were 5 locations for monitoring measurement and sampling to identify air environment quality, noise level and vibration level. Details of these 5 locations are shown in the below table.

Table 2.13. Locations for air sampling in the project area

No. Code Sampling locations

Coordinates

N E

01 K1 In the middle of 220kV station area 20°58'55,76"N 105°38'41,66"E

02 K2 In the middle of the planned 500kV station area 20°59'5,88"N 105°38'37,39"E

03 K3 By the ditch, on the Western fence of the project 20°59'2,07"N 105°38'33,21"E

04 K4 By the dyke, on the Eastern fence of the project 20°59'4,93"N 105°38'41,03"E

05 K5 On the dyke of Day river, where it meets up with the project area

20°59'7,52"N 105°38'49,16"E




Figure 2.4. Locations of air sampling

Table2.14. Results of microclimate measurement

Date of measurement

Time of measurement

Microclimate results

Wind

direction Average temperature(OC)

Average humidity (%)

Average wind speed (m/s)

5/10/2012 Morning North East 25 90 0.9

Afternoon North East 27 81 0.7

Measurement method: Microclimate observation station (USA)

Source: Environment analysis laboratory, Faculty of Environment, School of

Natural Sciences, October 2012

Comments: At the time of measurement, the weather was relatively cool, temperature ranged from 25 to 270C. Humidity measured in the project area was from around 81% to 90%, typical of climate conditions of Northern Delta by the end of summer and early autumn. Wind direction at the time of measurement was mainly from the East, Northeast. Wind speed was low, below 1m/s.




2. Dust concentration

In order to assess dust concentration around the project area, supervision of dust concentration was carried out in 05 locations as in Table 2.13. In each location, in order to ensure accuracy, dust concentration was measured at two different times (morning and afternoon) with two parameters: total suspended dust (TSP) and content of total dust. Final results are the arithmetic mean of different measurements and are shown in the following table.

Table 2.15. Results of dust content measurement

No. Code

Dust content (µg/m3)

Morning Afternoon

TSP PM10 TSP PM10

1 B1 25 22 29 26

2 B2 25 25 27 25

3 B3 33 31 38 31

4 B4 31 28 34 30

5 B5 39 35 43 38

QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT 300 150 300 150

Source: Environment analysis laboratory, Faculty of Environment, School of Natural

Sciences, October 2012

Note: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical code on surrounding air quality

Comments

Suspended dust is one of the important parameters for assessment and testing impacts of production facilities to the environment. According to QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, tolerance dust concentration in surrounding air is 300 µg/m3. According to this code, the results of all parameters in the supervision area in the West Hanoi 220kV substation and 500kV station (planned) are very low and within tolerance. Dust content in one location in the afternoon is mostly higher than that in the morning due to cool weather, high humidity and breeze.

3. Concentration of toxic gases

In order to assess concentration of toxic gases in the project area, gas samples were taken in 5 locations (in each location, gas samples were taken twice, in the morning and in the afternoon) in the station and its surrounding area. Samples were kept and analyzed according to standards. Test results are as belows.




Table 2.16. Analysis results of toxic gases concentration

Unit: µg/m3

No. Code

Concentration of toxic gases

Morning Afternoon

SO2 CO NO2 SO2 CO NO2

1 K1 56 1.760 45 62 1.810 46

2 K2 51 1.745 42 59 1.781 44

3 K3 59 1.810 48 65 1.840 50

4 K4 58 1.800 46 63 1.820 48

5 K5 64 1.895 50 68 1.905 54

QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT 350 30.000 200 350 30.000 200



Note: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical code on surrounding air quality

Comments

SO2 gas: According to QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: while regulation on concentration tolerance of SO2 in the surrounding air is 300 µg/m3, concentration of this gas in all monitoring locations is very low and within tolerance, ranging from 51 - 68 µg/m3. SO2 gas concentration is highest in K5 – on the dyke of Day river in the afternoon because there were many vehicles passing by at this time, thus SO2 gas concentration is affected by traffic.

NO2 gas: According to QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: concentration tolerance of NO2 gas in the surrounding air is 200 µg/m3. Analysis results show that concentration of NO2 in the investigation area is very small compared with the tolerance value. Concentration of NO2 ranges from 42 - 54 µg/m3. Concentration of exhaust emission in the investigation area is small because there is mainly agricultural production in this area.

CO gas: According to QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, while concentration tolerance of CO in the surrounding air is 30.000 µg/m3, emission of CO gas in the project area and its surrounding area is within tolerance. Concentration of CO gas in the area ranges from 1,745 – 1,905 mg/m3.

2.1.6.2. Sound level (noise level)

Locations for measuring noise level are the same as those for air environment sampling. Noise level in each location was measured continuously in 24h to assess the changes of noise level in an ordinary day. Results of sound level (noise level) measurement in




various locations of the project and the surrounding residential area in distances further away from the project area are shown in the following table.

Table 2.17.Results of sound level measurement in the project area and its

surrounding area

No. Measurement location Time of measurement

Noise level (dBA)

LMax LMin Leq

1 O1

7h-11h on 5 October 88.1 38.9 60,5

11h-15h on 5 October 80.7 37.2 58,7

15h-19h on 5 October 87.4 39.3 61,8

19h-23h on 5 October 71.7 32.8 51,4

23h on 5 October - 3h on 6 October 51.3 30.2 45,1

3h-7h on 6 October 63.4 33.2 52,9

2 O2

7h-11h on 5 October 86.7 38.5 60,1

11h-15h on 5 October 80.0 37.0 58,2

15h-19h on 5 October 85.7 38.1 60,6

19h-23h on 5 October 70.2 32.4 51,0


3h-7h on 6 October 62.9 32.3 52,2

3 O3

7h-11h on 5 October 88.7 39.4 61,0

11h-15h on 5 October 81.2 37.9 59,0

15h-19h on 5 October 87.9 39.8 62,1

19h-23h on 5 October 72.4 33.2 51,9


3h-7h on 6 October 64.0 33.7 53,3

4 O4

7h-11h on 5 October 84.8 38.2 59,5

11h-15h on 5 October 78.8 36.2 57,9

15h-19h on 5 October 84.4 37.5 60,1

19h-23h on 5 October 67.9 32.0 50,6


3h-7h on 6 October 62.1 32.0 51,8

5 O5 7h-11h on 5 October 87.9 46.6 67,2




No. Measurement location

Time of measurement Noise level (dBA)

11h-15h on 5 October 85.5 44.9 65,8

15h-19h on 5 October 86.8 45.3 66,0

19h-23h on 5 October 73.6 33.5 53,1


3h-7h on 6 October 64.6 34.2 53,7

3 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (from 6h to 21h) - - 70

4 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (from 21h to 6h) - - 55



Note: QCVN26:2010/BTNMT: National technical code on noise

Comments

Monitoring results of noise show that noise level Leq is lower than tolerance specified in QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. Noise levels in traffic road locations are higher than those in the transformer substation area. Noise level measured in the afternoon is higher than that in the morning, at noon and at night because there is more noise from the local people in the afternoon.

2.1.6.3. Vibration level

Vibration level is among the important parameters to be tested in the project area before launching because this is a crucial parameter related to geology which has a big impact on infrastructure to be contructed. Vibration level was also measured in locations where air samples were taken. Results of vibration level measurement are shown in the following table.

Table 2.18. Results of vibration level measurement in the project area

Sampling code

Measurement location

Frequency below 1000 Hz Frequency above 1000 Hz

Range Speed Accelerate Range Speed Accelerate

Unit mm cm/s m/s2 mm cm/s m/s2

1 R1 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0,00 0,000

2 R2 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0,00 0,000

3 R3 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0,00 0,000

4 R4 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0,00 0,000

5 R5 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.00 0,00 0,000

QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT (6h-21h) - 0.03 - - 0.03




QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT (21h-6h) - 0.01 - - 0.01



Comments

The unit applied for measuring vibration level is vibration accelerate (m/s2). Measurement results show that vibration level in the project area is very small. Vibration levels in almost all locations are zero (undetectable).




2.1.6.4. Current situation of water environment quality

1. Quality of surface water quality

In order to assess surface water of the project area, 3 water samples were taken (NM1, NM2, NM3), in which, NM1 was taken in irrigation channel, NM2 and NM3 were taken in Day river, before and after running through the project area. More specifically:

- NM1: Water from irrigation channel, channel is around 4m wide, 1.2m deep, water is relatively turbid. Coordinates: 20°58'56,99"N 105°38'35,93"E

- NM2: Surface water from Day river (before running through the project area). There is a lot of water-fern and fish; water speed was average. There is a lot of livelihood waste on the two river banks. Coordinates: 20°59'55,52"N 105°39'58,91"E

- NM3: Surface water from Day river (after running through the project area). Coordinates: 20°58'55,47"N 105°40'2,57"E

Figure 2.5. Locations of taking surface water samples

Analysis results of surface water quality are shown in Table 2.19.

Table 2.19. Analysis results of surface water quality

No. Parameters Unit NM1 NM2 NM3 QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT

A B




No. Parameters Unit NM1 NM2 NM3 QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT

A1 A2 B1 B2

1 pH - 7.12 6.74 6.87 6-8.5 6-8.5 5.5-9 5.5-9

2 DO mg/l 3.98 4.29 4.02 ≥ 6 ≥ 5 ≥ 4 ≥ 2

3 TSS mg/l 92 64 60 20 30 50 100

4 COD mg/l 28.7 20.2 19.5 10 15 30 50

5 BOD5 mg/l 17.8 12.4 12.0 4 6 15 25

6 N-NH4+ mg/l 0.64 0.46 0.44 0.1 0.2 0.5 1

7 Cl- mg/l 280 328 320 250 400 600 -

8 N-NO2- mg/l 0.028 0.012 0.010 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05

9 N-NO3- mg/l 10.5 8.8 8.3 2 5 10 15

10 P-PO43- mg/l 0.38 0.28 0.22 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5

11 Asen (As) mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1

12 Cd mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.005 0.005 0.01 0.01

13 Pb mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05

14 Cr3+ mg/l 0.062 0.048 0.040 0.05 0.1 0.5 1

15 Cr6+ mg/l 0.012 0.009 0.008 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05

16 Cu mg/l 0.028 0.022 0.020 0.1 0.2 0.5 1

17 Zn mg/l 0.193 0.169 0.163 0.5 1.0 1.5 2

18 Fe mg/l 1.12 1.01 1.00 0.5 1 1.5 2

19 Hg mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002

20 Coliform MPN/ 100ml

7,400 6,200 6,000 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000

Source: Environment analysis laboratory, Faculty of Environment, School of Natural Sciences,

October 2012

Note: QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. National technical code on surface water quality

A1 – In good condition for livelihood water supply and other purposes such as A2,

B1 and B2

A2 –For livelihood water supply but proper technology must be applied; animal and

botanical aquatic conservation, or other purposes such as B1 and B2.

B1 – For hydraulic irrigation or other purposes with similar requirements for water

quality or other purposes such as B2.

B2 – For inland navigation and other purposes with low requirements for water

quality

Comments




Analysis results show that parameters of water quality of channels used for irrigation in agriculture cultivation (NM1) mostly qualify QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT which is applied for column B1 (for hydraulic irrigation) but at high threshold. Several nutritious parameters such as NH4, NO3

-, PO43- or TSS, BOD5 start to be higher than standards. It

shows that water quality in these channels is lightly polluted, except for heavy metal parameters.

Almost all parameters of water quality of Day river qualify QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT applied for column B1 (for hydraulic irrigation). However, almost all parameters do not qualify QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT applied for column A2 (for livelihood water supply but proper technology must be applied and for animal and botanical aquatic conservation), except for heavy metal parameters. Content of suspended solid is higher than admission value, parameter PO4

3- is approximately the same as admission value. It shows that water quality of Day river where it flows through the project area starts being polluted.

However, investigation shows that there are no factories using water from Day river (where it runs through the project area) as feed water for livelihood purposes.

2. Quality of underground water environment

In order to assess quality of underground water in the project area, 2 samples of underground water (NN1 and NN2) were taken in drilled wells located within the project area. More specifically:

NN1: Water from the drilled well of Mr. Nguyen Dinh Khoi, group 3, Yen Noi hamlet, Dong Quang commune. Coordinates: 20°58'46.62"N 105°39'0.52"E

NN2: Water from the drilled well of Mr. Vu Van Minh, group 4, Yen Noi ham let, Dong Quang commune. Coordinates: 20°58'41.19"N 105°38'53.88"E




Figure 2.6.Locations where underground water samples were taken

Table 2.20. Analysis results of underground water quality

No. Parameters Unit NN1 NN2 QCVN

09:2008/BTNMT

1 pH - 6.89 6.86 5.5 -8.5

2 Hardness (CaCO3) mg/l 368 360 500

3 Total solid mg/l 531 523 1500

4 COD (KMnO4) mg/l 3.8 3.7 4

5 Ammonium (calculated in terms of N)

mg/l 0.095 0.092 0.1

6 Chloride (Cl-) mg/l 120 112 250

8 N-NO2- mg/l 0.030 0.028 1.0

9 N-NO3- mg/l 6.22 6.12 15

10 Sulphate (SO42-) mg/l 142 140 400

13 Arsenic (As) mg/l 0.048 0.045 0.05

14 Cadimi (Cd) mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 0.005




No. Parameters Unit NN1 NN2 QCVN

09:2008/BTNMT

15 Lead (Pb) mg/l 0.008 0.007 0.01

16 Crom VI (Cr6+) mg/l 0.017 0.015 0.05

17 Copper (Cu) mg/l 0.078 0.072 1.0

18 Zinc (Zn) mg/l 0.175 0.170 3.0

19 Mangan (Mn) mg/l 0.384 0.378 0.5

20 Mercurous (Hg) mg/l <0.0001 <0.0001 0.001

21 Iron (Fe) mg/l 4.12 4.01 5

26 Coliform MPN/100ml 3 2 3

Source: Environment analysis laboratory, Faculty of Environment, School of Natural

Sciences, October, 2012

Comments

Generally speaking, quality of underground water in the project area is within admission standards of QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT. Several parameters, such as COD, ammonium, heavy metals (As, lead, iron) tend to be higher than admission value, especially Coliform in underground water sample NN1. Its concentration was 3 MPN/100 ml, which is the highest threshold in QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT. Therefore, if underground water is exploited for livelihood purposes in the project, it is necessary to pay attention to these two parameters.

2.1.6.5. Current situation of land environment quality

In order to assess land quality in the project area, two land samples were taken:

- Đ1, Land for rice cultivation, in the area of 220kV station.

Coordinates: 20°58'55,56"N 105°38'39,29"E.

- Đ2: Land for rice cultivation, in the area of 500 kV station (planned).

Coordinates: 20°59'5,16"N 105°38'35,38"E




Figure 2.7.Locations where land samples were taken

Results of land quality are shown in the following table.

Table 2.21. Analysis results of land quality

No. Parameters Unit Đ1 Đ2 QCVN 03:2008/ BTNMT

1 pHKCl - 5.86 5.78 -

2 Cu mg/kg 32.4 31.6 50

3 Pb mg/kg 27.2 25.8 70

4 Zn mg/kg 76.5 74.7 200

5 Cd mg/kg 1.5 1.3 2

6 As mg/kg 9.2 9.0 12



Note: QCVN 03:2008/ BTNMT: National technical code on content of several heavy

metals in land

Comments:




Content of metals, such as As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg available in land shows heavy metals have been accumulated in agricultural land. Analysis results of content of heavy metals of all investigation samples are much lower than standards specified in QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT. It shows that land samples in the investigation area have not been polluted with heavy metals and the land is relatively safe for cultivation and production of food crop and secondary crop.

2.1.6.6. Electromagnetic field

In order to assess electromagnetic field in the project area, locations around West Hanoi 220kV substation (Figure 2.8) were supervised. Measurement results are shown as belows.

Table 2.20. Measurement results of electromagnetic field on 05 October 2012

Location

Electric intensity (kV/m)

Magnetic field intensity (mA/m)

Location

Electric intensity (kV/m)

Magnetic field intensity (mA/m)

1 1.09 10.8 16 1.07 10.6

2 1.15 10.5 17 1.16 10.8

3 1.11 10.7 18 1.19 10.8

4 1.02 10.2 19 1.13 10.8

5 1.07 10.4 20 1.09 10.6

6 1.09 10.7 21 1.14 10.5

7 1.17 10.8 22 1.09 10.5

8 1.12 10.7 23 1.09 10.5

9 1.09 10.6 24 1.08 10.8

10 1.09 10.4 25 1.09 10.8

11 1.10 10.3 26 1.18 10.7

12 1.11 10.2 27 1.15 10.3

13 1.12 10.7 28 1.12 10.2

14 1.05 10.8 29 1.11 10.5

15 1.09 10.8

Source: High pressure key laboratory – Institute of Energy, October 2012




Figure 2.8.Locations where electromagnetic field was measured

Measuring equipment: Electromagnetic field meter HI-3604

Figure 2.9. Chart describing electric intensity in the project area

So based on data and chart, in comparison with TCN QĐ 183 NL/KHKT on electromagnetic field index, measurement results in all locations range within 1 kV/m which is within admission value (working continuously 8 hours); i.e. are lower than 5kV/m.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23 24

26

25

27

28

29




Regarding magnetic field intensity, measurement values are much smaller than admission standards, and nearly no sources affected by magnetic field in this area were found.

2.1.7. Current situation of ecology and biodiversity

Investigation and assessment on the current situation of ecology and biodiversity in the area of 220 kV station West of Hanoi will bring about an overview on the ecology here. It will facilitate assessment and adjustment of work items in a way that interests of both socio-economic development and the ecology are coordinated, negative impacts on environment and ecology are minimized.

2.1.7.1. Current situation of ecologies

Based on field investigation results and analysis of satellite image Ikonos in 2006, Dong Quang commune as a whole is divided into 3 ecologies: residential area ecology, aquatic ecology, agriculture ecology.

1. Residential area ecology

Living community in this area is apparently artificial. It is made of mainly crops and animals for essential needs of local people.

Botanical system in this area includes perennial plants for fruits, shade, construction materials, etc. Several seasonal plants, e.g. spices are for everyday life. Besides, there are also some plants for medicines.

There are several bird species close to human, such as Red-whiskered Bulbul (Pycnonotus jococus), Great Myna (Acridotheres grandis), Oriental Magpie-Robin (Copsychus saularis), etc.

Domestic houses are the main places for living and finding food of Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus), House mouse (Mus musculus), Black mouse (Rattus flavipectus), Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans). There are also domestic animals such as buffalo, ox, pig, goat, horse, etc. Wild animals include some small animals such as Black mouse and House mouse.

In the residential area ecology, there are some reptiles such as gecko (Hemidactylus

sexlineatus), long-tail lizard (Mabuya longicaudata), etc.

Domestic animals such as poultry, cattle often have contact with forest animals . Buffalo and ox are often free range to find food in the forest; chicken are free range; goats are free range to find food around mountain slopes. On the contrary, several forest animals such as pigs and rats living in forests, etc. sometimes find food in domestic houses.




2. Aquatic ecology

The project area can be divided into two main types of hydro-habitat, i.e. flowing hydro-habitat and stilling hydro-habitat.

- Stilling hydro-habitat includes ponds, lakes, marsh, rice field. There are various kinds of water fern, algae in cluster or intergrowth with each other in the vegetation here. Rice field is the low hydro-habitat, flooded seasonally with vegetation according to harvest season.

Vegetation in this ecology includes regularly submerged plants or during floods, such as F.subpyriformis Hook & Arn., species belonging to Castor oil plant family, some species belonging to Commelinaceae family, Reed, etc., plant plankton species belonging to algae phylums such as Silic algae, Green algae, Euglenophyta, etc. Besides, there are zooplankton in the water belonging to Copepoda, Cladocera, Philodina and other classes such as Amphipoda, etc., zoobenthic belonging to Bivalvia class, Gastropod mollusks, custacean, aqua insect, fish, etc. In this ecology, most species of birds feeding on insects or small fishes, shrimps, crabs, etc. have been found, such as Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), White-breasted Waterhen (Amaurornis phoenicurus), species in River kingfishers family (Alcedinidae).

- Flowing water hydro-habitats include channel system. Water amount usually changes according to season. There are many caverns by the bank. These are places for living and finding food of Checkered keelback (Xenochrephis piscator), amphibian species such as Field frog, Marsh frog, Rhacophorus, etc. Afloat on the water and clinging to aquatic plants are Green Puddle Frog (Occidozyga lima).

Food chain here is normally not long; there are often 4-5 links. Most creatures in rivers and brooks gather around the bank and on the bottom layer as there are many hiding places, organic mud, and they can stay away from strong flow. Bio community here changes according to season: rainy season and dry season.

3. Agriculture ecology

Agriculture ecology includes agricultural plants for food, such as 1 harvest season rice crop, 2 harvest season rice crop, mountainous rice crop. Apart from crops, there are also wild plants, mostly shrubs and grass. Among shrubs, there are Sida rhombifolia (Sida

rhombifolia), Urena lobata (Urena lobata), Abelmoschus moschatus (Abelmoschus

moschatus), Phyllanthus reticulatus (Phyllanthus reticulatus), Melastoma candium (Melastoma candium), Mimosa pudica (Mimosa pudica), etc.

Agriculture ecology is categorized as artificial, both in land and under water. Agriculture ecology is responsible for producing agricultural products, including cultivation and




husbandry (aquaculture included). Agriculture ecology originates from naturally flooded land or reclammed from hills and upland, etc.

Along with agricultural plants come insects. Harmful insects are popular in agriculture ecology, including those delivering dangerous diseases to human and sucker from cattle. Harmful insects are available in almost all plants, including Oxya velox Fabr. (Oxya

velox Fabr.), Sogata furcifera Horvath (Sogata furcifera Horvath), Leptocorisa acuta Fabr (Leptocorisa acuta Fabr.), Nezara viridula Lin. (Nezara viridula Lin.), Epicauta gorhami Marseul (Epicauta gorhami Marseul), Monolepta signata Oliv. (Monolepta

signata Oliv.), Cylas formicarius Fabr. (Cylas formicarius Fabr.), Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee), Schoenobius incertellus Walker (Schoenobius incertellus Walker) and Chaetodacus ferruginea Fabr. (Chaetodacus

ferruginea Fabr.), etc. Useful insects, natural enemies of pests, are used as medicines (Lethocerus indicus – Lethocerus indicus, Eastern honey bee – Apis cerana, Giant honey bee – Apis dorsata, Apis florea – Apis florea), as food (locust, grasshopper, cricket, pupa, bee, etc.) or active in improving cultivation land.

This ecology attracts many species of birds feeding on grains and insects, small size animals such as shrimps, fish, frogs, marsh frogs, e.g. Great Myna (Acridotheres

grandis), Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), etc. Reptiles include Long-tail lizard, Checkered keelback, Ptyas korros. Several amphibian species such as Field frog, marsh frog, etc.

Animals in this ecology are not diversified. Almost no medium and big size animals are found. There are mainly some rodent species such as Ryukyu mouse (Mus caroli).

- In terms of structure: In this bio community, plants and crops are dominant (corn, rice, cassava). They are considered the main staple. Besides, there are associations of grass on the fields, wild grass on dried fields, plant ephemera, aquatic plants in wet rice fields.

- In terms of function: Nutritious relationship here is not very complicated. There are 3-4 links on average in food chains. Corn and rice are the main tender of the ecology, and they are the food basis for many creatures of the first trophic level, mainly insects, rats, poultry and cattle. Bird is the main creature of the second trophic level.

As this is an artificial ecology, biologic productivity is reliant on usage targets and orientation, cultivation skills and experience, investment on fertilizer and seedling.

2.1.7.2. Diversity of biological classes

1. Plant plankton

Analysis results of samples identified 55 species of plant plankton, belonging to 4 phylums of algae, including Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), Silic algae, Green algae




and Euglenophyta. The amount of zooplankton species as mentioned above is inadequate to reflect composition of plant plankton available in nature. Among plant plankton, Green algae is the most diversified with 20 species. Silic algae is the least diversified with 10 species. It shows that stilling hydro-habitat is dominant in this area. Structure of different alga phylums varies according to each hydro-habitat.

Density of plant plankton ranges from around 9,000 cells/l to around 500,000 cells/l. Percentage of density of various algae phylums varies according to each hydro-habitat. For hydro-habitats in the form of lakes, natural ponds, gulches, rice fields, Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), is dominant among plant plankton. Meanwhile, for other stilling hydro-habitats such as fish ponds, the amount of Euglenophyta (indication group of organic pollution) is much higher than in other hydro-habitats, and accounts for more than 49% density of plant plankton.

Table 2.21.Components of plant plankton in the project area

Type of hydro-habitat

Total (tb/l)

Blue-green algae (tb/l)

Green algae (tb/l)

Silic (tb/l)

Euglenophyta (tb/l)

Natural pond

25,867.1 19,953.5 (77.1)

2,931.7 (11.3)

- 2,9317 (11.3)

Fish pond

47,639.9 21,987.7 (46.1)

2,198.8 (4.6)

- 23,453.5 (49.2)

Gulch

26,385.2 21,108.2 (80)

- 5,277.0 (20)

-

Rice field

27,264.7 19,055.9 (69.8)

6,156.6 (22.5)

586.3 (2.1)

1,465.8 (5.4)

2. High-order aquatic plant

High-order aquatic plant class is often found in stilling hydro-habitat in the form of lakes and ponds. However, during investigation, high-order aquatic plant class is not diversified in terms of species composition. Several popular species include Common water hyacinth (Eichbornia crassipes), Ipomoea aquatica (Ipomoea aquatica). Floating Fern (Salvinia natans), S, cucullata (S, cucullata), Lemna minor (Lemma minor), and Historis (Pistis straliotes). Water plant group is not popular, probably because there is little mud on the bottom.

3. Composition of high-order terrestrial plant

According to additional investigation results, 236 plant species, belonging to 202 genus and 70 plant families were found. They include: Fern phylum with 3 species, belonging




to 3 genus and 3 families; Magnolia phylum with 233 species, belonging to 199 genus and 67 families. Angiosperm phylum is mainly in Magnoliopsida class (Magnolia).

4. Composition of terrestrial animals

Amphibian - reptile

Based on summary of previous research results, field investigation, interviews with local people, local officers, we identify 17 species belonging to 9 families, 2 orders of Reptile (Reptilia) and Amphibian (Amphibia) in Quoc Oai town.

- Village bio-landscape: it has the largest amount of species (24 species), mostly in lizard class, snake class, including all 4 species of poisonous snakes and almost all species of frogs, even though there are not many of them.

- Field bio-landscape: there are 19 species. On the bottom of hydro-habitat, there are two species of Homalopsinae. Around hydro-habitat, most of species of frogs can be found. In gibbou and sward, there are Lygosoma quadrupes, Mabuya longiccaudata, Bindworm, but they are seldom found as there are not many of them.

Animal

There are 5 species, accounting for 12.5% total species in Hanoi. Species characteristic of this bio-landscape include Crab-eating mongoose (Herpestes urva), Greater Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota indica), Savile's Bandicoot Rat (Bandicota savilei), Lesser Rice-field Rat (Rattus losea) and some other species of rats. The amount of these species of rats in this bio-landscape has multiplied in recent years, and has caused a lot of damages to agricultural production.

5. Composition of zooplankton

Analysis results of samples during additional investigation identified 40 species of zooplankton belonging to Rotatoria class (Rotatoria), Copepoda class (Copepoda), Cladocera class (Cladocera) and Insecta larvae class (Insecta larvae), shrimp larva, small fish available in various types of hydro-habitat. The amount of zooplankton composition as mentioned above has not reflected adequately composition of zooplankton in nature.

Composition of zooplankton varies according to season and type of hydro-habitat. In lakes and ponds, composition of species is more ample than that in wet rice fields and rivers.

Generally speaking, density of zooplankton ranges from above 1,000 to above 600,000 zooplankton/m3. Structure of density among different zooplankton classses varies according to type of hydro-habitat. In fish ponds, density of Philodina class (indication




class of hydro-habitat rich in organic) is remarkably higher than that in other hydro-habitat (making up 34.2% density)

Table 2.22. Zooplankton in the project area

Type of hydro-habitat

Common density

Copepoda Cladocera Rotatoria Other types

Natural pond 59,393 51,114 (86.06)

4,299 (7.24)

3,980 (6.7)

Fish pond 628,979 323,248 (51.39)

90,764 (14.4)

214,967 (34.2)

Gulch 37,737 17,197 (45.57)

18,152 (48.1)

2,388 (6.32)

Rice field 4,571 571 (12.5)

4,000 (87.5)

49 (insect) (1,07)

Note: number in brackets shows percentage rate.

6. Zoobenthic

Investigations from hydrologic area show that initially, 28 types of zoobenthic belonging to shellfishes, snails, larva, insect, worms were identified. Macrobrachium (Macrobrachium) are found in rivers, lakes; Somanniathelphusa (Somanniathelphusa) is found in rice fields, and brook crab of Potamidae family is found in brooks.

7. Fish

Regional fish is basically the same as landscaping regional fish in Northen Delta. Data statistics and investigation by the people identified around 20 species of fish in hydrologic areas within investigation area. In species composition, two main classes of fish can be identified, i.e. natural fish and feed fish. In rivers, there are only natural fishes. In lakes, especially in domestic fish ponds, apart from natural schools of fish, carp, major cap, hypophthalmichthys, tilapia., etc. are free range.

8. Insect

Composition of main insect species in vegetation and on the land surface in Quoc Oai area, Hanoi, is both typical of Northern Delta landscape and characteristic of midland. However, with characteristics of crop structure (rice and secondary crop), hilly gardens and cultivation tradition, insect here is relatively ample and distinctive in comparison with other cultivation areas.

According to initial assessment, there are 195 species, belonging to 64 families and 10 orders of insect class in this area. Of which, insects harmful to food crop include 32 species belonging to 13 families (Pyralidae, Hesperidae, Noctuidae, Pentatomidae,




Coreidae, Acrididae, Dictyophoridae, Jassidae, Delphacidae, Curculionidae,

Phloeothripidae, Lymantridae, Eumolpidae), 6 orders (Lepidoptera, Hemiptera,

Orthoptera, Homoptera, Coleoptera, Thysanopera). Insects harmful to fruit plants include 15 species belonging to 10 families (Scarabeidae, Cerambycoidae,

Curculionidae, Aphididae, Chermidae, Papilionidae, Pentatomidae, Pseudococcidae,

Aleurodidae, Tripetidae), 5 orders. Insects harmful to food crop include 16 species belonging to 8 families (Noctuidae, Pyralidae, acrididae, Chrysomelidae,

Pentatomidae, Eumolpidae, Curculionidae, Jassidae), 5 orders (Lepidoptera,

orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera). There are 27 insect species harmful to industrial plants.

2.2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT AREA

2.2.1. Population

There are 3330 households with 13759 people in Dong Quang Commune, among those 7880 people are at working age, accounting for 57.59% population. Natural increase rate of population of the commune is 13,6‰.

2.2.2. Economic conditions

Natural area of Dong Quang area is 1,080.89ha, in which 601.39ha is land for agriculture and aquaculture. Besides, non-agricultural land of the commune makes up 26.9% of its total land, including 92.1ha residential land; 108.88ha land for traffic; 85.09ha land for irrigation and 2070 m2 for environmental sanitation.

The main occupation of the people in Dong Quang commune is agricultural production, accounting for 75.78% of its population at working age. There are also other side works such as construction, carpentry, bamboo weaving handicraft production, mechanical, transportation services and trading. Per capita income in 2010 was 13 million VND/person/year.

The agricultural production land in Dong Quang commune is large, typical of flat land for production and productive riverain alluvial ground. Besides, with its favorable geographic and convenient traffic conditions, Dong Quang commune is endowned with many advantages for developing industry and service in the future. While making use of its advantages and existing potential, Dong Quang commune has shifted its economic structure to rapidly accelerating value of small and handicraft industry, construction, commerce and service in recent years. Many other constructions for economy, culture, society, healthcare, education and social utility have been invested, constructed and improved.

1. Agricultural production




- Cultivation:

+ Rice: Total area of rice cultivation in 2011 was 582.32ha. Rice capacity was 62-65 quintal/ha/year. Total food production in 2011 was 6,500 tons, with total value of around 36,999 million VND;

+ Value of winter farming season cultivation was around 10,670 million VND;

+ Vegetable of various kinds: area for vegetables was 4.32ha with value of 554 million VND.

Besides, area of secondary crop of the commune was 45ha, with value of above 4 billion VND in 2011

Total value from cultivation in 2011 was 55,287 million VND with per 1ha cultivation income was 70.9 million VND/ha/year. It accounted for 45.28% of total agricultural production value.

- Husbandry, aquaculture: there were 4800 pigs, 68000 poultries in the commune. Its area for aquaculture was 83.74ha. Total value of husbandry and aquaculture reached around 66.8 billion VND, making up 30.39% total agricultural production value.

2. Commerce and services

Percentage of commerce and service value in the commune remains low. Total annual value from commerce and service is around 7016 million VND, accounting for 3,28% its economic structure. However, economy structure of Dong Quang commune has been shifted from agriculture to small industry and handicraft and services.

In Dong Quang commune, there are currently 12 private companies and limited companies in production, industry, small industry and handicraft, commerce, service and tourism. Production and business households mainly operate scatterly; there is no system to connect production and consumption. There are 3 agricultural cooperatives, mainly in agriculture support, technical advance transfer, irrigation, earthworks, botanical protection. Revenue in 2010 of cooperatives was 183 million VND, with average profit of 133 million VND/year.

Besides, there is 01 central market in the commune with area of 7,200 m2 in the dyke slope in Yen Noi hamlet. It was built with 34 kiosks and 3 rows of sheltered booths according to type 3 market standard of Ministry of Construction

2.2.3. Public constructions and technical infrastructure

1. Traffic

Total length of communal traffic roads is 7,696.8m, in which 32.31%, i.e. 2,486.6m is hardened; the remaining 5,210.3m is cemented but currently degraded as it has been




used for a long time. Aggregate road and earth road in the commune accounts for 67.69%.

Besides, Dong Quang commune is located in provincial road 419 with 3700m asphalt road. Inter-hamlet roads in the whole commune and main roads in hamlets are basically in place with total length of around 11,094.4m.

There are no bridges on the commune arterial roads, inter-commune roads, inter-hamlet roads, and inter-village roads. There are 11 bridges on interior field route, among which, 10 bridges are in good condition, and 01 bridge in need of upgrading or newly re-building.

According to its plan to develop new rural society in 2011-2015, in comparison with national standards in terms of systems of arterial commune roads, inter-commune roads; arterial hamlet roads, inter-hamlet roads; alley roads and interior field roads, those of Dong Quang commune are not qualified.

2. Electricity and water supply

Total length of the main power line (3 phase) and branch line is approximately 19.07km and 10.89km respectively. 100% households benefit from using safe electricity from various sources. However, electricity quality for livelihood and production is not guaranteed during peak hours.

There is one clean water supply station located in Yen Noi hamlet with capacity of around 200m3/day and night. It is capable of supplying clean water for 2000 people, equivalent to 1/3 of Yen Noi hamlet population. Around 75% households are accessible to clean water for livelihood in the whole commune.

There are 6 pumping stations in the commune, among which, 02 large-scale pumping stations are managed by the State, and 04 other pumping stations are managed by People’s Committee of Dong Quang commune. Total irrigation area of the commune is 579.2ha, and 115.2ha ponds and lakes are capable of storing water for cultivation.

3. Other public constructions

There is one administrative office in Dong Quang commune. There are no large-scale factories, no high schools. There is 1 secondary school, 1 primary school and 3 kindergartens.

Besides, there are 23 cultural constructions such as village halls, pagodas, temples, memorial tombs. There are also 3 cemeteries for local people and 1 cemetery for fallen soldiers. There are no cathedrals in the commune. However, according to its plan to develop new rural society, 07 cultural remains have been degraded and 02 cultural remains have seriously been degraded.




2.2.4. Health – culture – education services

1. Health service

There is one health care center in Dong Quang commune with total area of 6434,6m2, including 03 medical treatment rooms and 10 beds. The health care center is operated by 10 people (01 doctor, 07 nurses, 01 female midwife, 01 pharmacist). It is equipped with 03 basic sets of medical equipment, 01 set of ophthalmologic equipment, 01 basic test machine, 01 nebulizer, 01 microscope and 01 ultrasound machine. However, there is no system to handle waste and several equipments are broken and outdated.

2. Education service

There is 01 secondary school, 01 primary school and 03 kindergartens with total 162 teachers in Dong Quang commune. 100% secondary and primary teachers and 98.3% kindergarten teachers qualify national standard. 100% primary pupils and 98% secondary pupils at studying age come to school. Fundamentally, education parameters of the commune qualify national standards in terms of building up new rural society.

3. Culture service

Currently, culture service in Dong Quang commune does not qualify national standards. There are no cultural houses in hamlets and commune center; infrastructure is limited and outdated. Cultural remains in the commune are degraded and should be protected and maintained.

In its plan to build up new rural society in 2011-2015, People’s committee of Dong Quang commune strives to improve support cultural and social activities for its people. It will also actively organize sports, entertainment activities and increase propagation activities, disseminate laws and policies to its people. Besides, the commune will organize training courses to improve awareness and professional skills for its hamlet and commune officers.




CHAPTER 3: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

3.1. IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Investment project to build 220 kV West Hanoi substation has an important role in ensuring supply to grid transmission grid and electricity distribution of Hanoi, contributing to enhance the reliability of Hanoi and North Vietnam electricity system, supply enough electricity to meet the social and economic development.

The project also has a negative impact on the environment and natural resources in the area. The resource impact of the project is divided into two categories: impacts related to waste, and impacts not related to waste:

Impact related to waste: the impact caused by substances in solid, liquid, gas generated in the production, trading and operation of the project.

Impacts not related to waste: the impact caused by production activities, business services, or other activities that do not emit waste.

The above impacts are unavoidable, should be studied and identified negative impacts, thereby making appropriate measures to prevent, minimize negative impacts to the projects environment.

3.1.1. Assess the impact of site preparation phase

3.1.1.1. Impact related to waste

3.1.1.1.1. Impact on air environment

Air quality of project area and the neighborhoods has risk of being affected by the activities of site preparation phase. These impacts are assessed and specificly forecasted by each impact source as follows:

a. Dust by ground leveling activities

Ground leveling work of the project is done during about 2.5 months with a total volume leveling material of 126 114 m3, the volume of construction materials will be purchased at the sand quarries near the project area. In addition to leveling the station ground, 17,104 m3 of soil and plant organic surface must also be removed and replaced, this volume will be transported to disposal sites as agreed, about 5km from the project.

Applying the method of determining the coefficient of dust emissions by earthwork operations and ground leveling WHO - 62, about the sources of pollution of land, water and air, 1992. Dust emission factor (E) due to ground leveling is based on the following formula:




Of which:

E: Emission coefficient (kg/ton)

k: The average size of the particles, 0.05

U: The average wind speed (1.69 m/s)

M: Average moisture content of the material, 32.6 %

So, E = 0.000114 kg / ton. Average load of dust generated during ground leveling project is estimated at 0.35 kg / day and lasted 2.5 months. Scope of dust pollution is site and surrounding areas, with the highest concentrations of particulates is 41 μg/m3, thus total dust concentration was less than the value allowed in QCVN 05:2008 / BTNMT, which is 300 μg/m3, and this value only lasts for ground leveling stage and the contractor will be minimized by the measures referred to in chapter 4 of this report.

b. Transportation activities of materials and waste

Transportation activities of excavated soil removal and of materials to serve the needs leveling will affect air environment.

Based on the demand for raw materials required for ground leveling as stated above, the project will use trucks to transport 5 tons of sand to the project area, through newly opened road, connecting Day river dike to the station. Estimation of the number of turns of vehicles and transport vehicles engaged in leveling stage as follows:

Table 3.1. Estimated number of vehicles involved in transporting

No. Activities Turns (turn per day)

1 Truck transport to disposal 82.1 2 Trucks transport leveling materials to the project area 60.5

Apply the "coefficient of pollutant emissions" by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) set up in 1994, the pollutant load by vehicle transfer gasoline emissions and dust emission surface is given in the following table (table 3.2)

4.1

3.1

2/2.2/16.0

M

UkE




Table 3.2. The pollutant emissions limit for trucks travelling 1km street

Pollutants

Pollutant load according to vehicle load (g/km)

Truck load ≤ 3.5 ton 3.5 ton<Truck load < 18 ton

Urban Suburban Highway Urban Suburban Highway Dust 0.2 0.15 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 SO2 1.16 S 0.84 S 1.30 S 4.29 S 4.15 S 4.15 S NO2 0.7 0.55 1 1.18 1.44 1.44 CO 1 0.85 1.25 6 2.9 2.9 VOC 0.15 0.4 0.4 2.6 0.8 0.8

Sources: AP-42 Emission Factor, EPA’s Emission Estimation Guidance Materials, EPA-454/R-94-022, July 1994.

Note:

- S: sulfur content in gasoline (%).

- P: lead content in fuel (fuel: max 0.4 g/l, oil: 0 mg/l)

- Average vehicle speed 25 km/h.

The predicted results of dust and pollutants amount in the exhaust fumes of vehicles transporting disposal and soil in ground preparation phase is given in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3. Load of pollutants from transport vehicles

Pollutants Dust SO2 NO2 CO VOC

Load (kg/day) 3.09 14.26 4.95 9.97 2.75

Dust emissions from disposal soil and leveling materials transportation vehicles as forecasted at the table above will cause local impacts at the construction area and along the transporting routes, within a radius about 50-100m along the Day river dike. However, the concentration of pollutants will be reduced by such solutions as outlined in Chapter 4.

c. Air pollution due to the operation of the equipment

In this phase, the main equipment used includes:

Table 3.4. The main equipment in site preparation stage

No. Equipment Quantity

1 Vibrator machine 1.5kW 3 2 Auto-dumping truck 5T 1 3 Self-propelled wheeled compactor 9T 2 4 Table Compactor 1kW 1 5 Bulldozers <=110CV 1




6 Excavator 0.4 m3 1 7 Compactors 0.4 m3 1

Apply emission factors in AP 42 WHO and U.S. EPA 1994 version. The concentration of dust and exhaust emissions due to the operation of leveling equipment is estimated as follows: Table 3.5. Pollutant load from leveling equipment

Pollutants NOx CH4 NMVOC CO N2O CO2

Load (kg/month) 6.83 0.02 0.53 2.22 0.01 433.57

d. Air pollution due to construction of road leading to the station

To cater for the construction process and the staff travelling of the station, 261m long ramp connects directly to the station from Day River dike will be built. This is asphaltic concrete road, rocky embankment, with its foundation compacted with K> 0.95, pavement width of about 6 meters. Due to the relatively short distance, also constructed at the same time of ground leveling, the impact on the environment of this road can be considered as insignificant.

According to the calculation results, the model gas emissions METI-LIS, published by the Ministry of Environment, Trade and Industry (METI), one can see concentrations of air pollution did not increase significantly during the period ground leveling, still much lower than the allowable value of QCVN 05:2009 / BTNMT. Most significant is the increase in CO2 concentration due to the operation of construction machinery. But the major influence of this gas is leading to climate change, sea level rise, and low impact on human health. Vietnam, however now is not on the list of countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thereby regulations limit the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has not been enacted.

In addition, the incidence of this pollutant is only within the building and along the transport routes. Time affects only the leveling phase, lasting 2.5 months. Effect of active ground leveling on air environment, is not significant.




Figure 3.1. Area of effect of NOx in ground leveling stage

Figure 3.2. Area of effect of SOx in ground leveling stage




Figure 3.3. Area of effect of dust in ground leveling stage

Figure 3.4. Area of effect of CO in ground leveling stage




3.1.1.1.2. Impact on the water environment

When it rains, erosion, topsoil washed into surface water basin will occur. The reason is that sustainable land surface have lost layer biomass and soil organic layer, and covered up with more technique soil, as required by construction criteria. This phenomenon increases the amount of suspended solid surface washed into river project area, affecting the water quality of this area.

According to a statistical study, the concentration of suspended solids in storm water surface runoff in flat terrain of industrial zones ranged from 78 - 531mg / l. This statistic exceeds the prescribed standards for the concentration of suspended solids in water in QCVN 08:2008 / BTNMT. Suspended solids content varies depending on the type of land, topsoil texture, land cover, rainfall ... Based on the meteorological data, the amount of suspended solids were washed away when rain down around the canals can be estimated:

- Average annual rainfall in the project area is: 1,551.7 mm/year.

- The total construction area of the project is approximately 6 ha. Thus the total annual rainfall in the project area is 93.102 m3, the total amount of substance is washed away from the surface 7.26 – 49.44 ton/year. Thanks to settle rainwater collection system, 80% of suspended solids will be retained only 20% (1.45 to 9.89 tons / year of suspended solids) equivalent to the concentration of suspended solids is 15, 6 to 106.2 mg / l level of approximately 100 mg / l as defined in QCVN 08:2008 / BTNMT, B2 column.

- If the entire amount of above substance on the surface into the surrounding canal will affect water quality. However, this effect is small, short-term and will be minimized by proper construction methods along with regularly dredged manholes regime.

3.1.1.1.3. Impact due to solid waste

a. Strip surface

Vegetation in the project area land mostly rice fields, estimated total land surface is peeling up at the factory area, about 17.104m3. This soil will be transported and dumped in waste disposal location by project area approximately 5km.

In addition, dust and organic soils can also occur affecting the environment and the health of the community if the mitigation measures are not applicable. Disposal sites are also designed to ensure no contaminants leach into soil and groundwater.

(The description is too poor for solid waste impact. There are still many other types of solid wastes. Please clarify further. If needed, looking for more information from other reports)

b. Domestic waste

It is estimated that the average amount of household waste is 0.5 kg / person / day and the amount of construction workers in this period is 10 people. Thus, the amount of household waste during this period is about 5 kg / day will be contained in garbage




containers at the site. Solid waste is collected if not handled properly will cause loss of aesthetics, unpleasant odors due to decomposition in the environment for a long time, is a source of disease-causing microorganisms decompose, affecting human health, adverse impacts to the environment and may cause water pollution area.

3.1.1.1.4. Impacts of noise and vibration

a. Impacts due to noise

Depending on the quality of engines, machinery, sound pressure level of the vehicles and equipment for construction machinery (assuming flat terrain conditions and no vegetation cover) were statistically as follows: Table 3.6. The noise level of the ground leveling equipments

Equipment Noise level at 15m (dBA)

Distance with noise level of 45 dBA (m)

Truck 70 - 96 1211 - 3828

Bulldozers 72 - 96 857 - 3412

Compactors (rolling shaft) 72 - 88 383

Source: Environmental Impact Assessment, Mc GRaw-HILL International Editions; 1996.

According to research by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) direct and continuous contact with high intensity noise sources will affect health, stress, insomnia, decreased resistance, deafness. The other related diseases may occur as heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke, ulcers and digestive disorders.

Due to the characteristics of the noise decreases with distance. And according to the statistics every 15 meters, the noise level will decrease 6dBA. Thus, at 120 m from the noise level is only 72 dBA. 70dBA noise level is lower than the threshold at which workers can withstand over 8 hours.

Suppose calculated for a normal day of work vehicles and machinery on construction sites when no mitigation measures are applied, the CadnaA model used to simulate, the average noise level on roads ranged from 64-73 dBA at a distance laterally extensive road is 50m. The noise level in the station area ranging 63-69 dBA. Noise levels in residential areas south of the substation, roads adjacent segments ranged from 62-67 dBA. However, the transport and construction machinery is only active during the day, thus affecting level to people is not much.

Noise generated from demolition activities for clearance, and transported for disposal, are considered short-term impact and the impact is small to medium. However, it causes discomfort to people.




Figure 3.5: Impacts due to noise in the preparation phase

b. Impacts due to vibration

Vibration adversely affect human health such as fatigue, insomnia, nervous disorders and reduced work capacity. For homes and buildings, if the vibration speed of 5 mm / s or more may adversely affect the neighboring buildings. At this stage of vibration impact is assessed as negligible.

The vibration caused by activities such as land clearance and demolition works transport, trees, dig soil ... be regarded as a short-term source. Forecast the variations of the equipment used is mild to moderate disturbance and impact on people's lives and homes. These mitigation measures will be presented in Chapter 4.

3.1.1.2. Impacts not related to waste

3.1.1.2.1. The impact of land acquisition for the project

According to calculations, the construction project of 220 kV West Hanoi substation of Hanoi will occupy about 6 ha of Dong Quang commune. The survey showed that the entire




area is mostly farmland, planting two season rice, the idle period can be planted with corn and vegetables. Survey results showed no households have displaced but 35 households will lose arable land due to construction of the substation. The lives of 144 people will be affected by the construction of the substation. Because the majority of households are engaged in agriculture, they will lose the means of production, loss of income, loss of food supplies. Approximately 83 employees will have to switch jobs, or potentially unemployment. Moreover, people here have low literacy levels, will have difficulties adapting to the new work required high level of technology. Therefore the people should be oriented for their career change to ensure equivalent or even better life they will have

3.1.1.2.2. Impacts on ecosystem

a. Terrestrial ecosystems

Terrestrial vegetation of the project area will be demolished for construction layout of the substation.

According to the survey assessment of ecological experts, the vegetation in this area is mainly agricultural ecosystems including rice paddies, corn, only a few wild shrubs outside the river dike. No plants, animals or rare animal and economic value here

b. Watershed ecosystems

According to the survey results of the expert ecological, watershed ecosystem of the project area with mostly submerged plants and aquatic animals such as fish, water snakes, frogs, ... no rare species. Greatest impact at this stage is leaching contaminants in ground rainwater into rivers and canals, polluting surface and indirectly affect the habitat of plants and animals. To protect them, the investors will build drainage channels around the station area, the channels will be dredged and trash regularly. Detailed mitigation measures will be clarified in chapter 4 of the report.

3.1.2. Assess the impact of the construction phase

3.1.2.1. Impact related to waste

3.1.2.1.1. Impacts on air environment

During the construction phase, the largest source of air pollution is the operation of vehicles and motorized equipment on the site.

a. Dust in construction phase

During construction, the main construction activities will generate dust affect the air quality of the environment: (i) dust generated from excavation activities transformers, construction activities within the station; (ii) dust arising from transport activities, materials and construction equipment handling.




Generated dust concentrations vary depending on the level of activities, the micro-climatic conditions, and weather. However, these activities are not continuously ongoing, including:

- Dust arising from earthwork activities of transformer foundation is the main source of dust that affecting the air environment

- Construction activities of station’s item (cable trays, control building, administrative building, operational management area…) are also major sources of dust

- Dust arising from transport operations, loading and unloading of construction materials (cement, sand, stone, ...) and the process of loading and unloading and transportation machinery, equipment, ... In addition, at the gathering place , the building materials dumped from a vehicle will also cause dust, affect construction workers and the surrounding environment.

According to the calculation results in Investment report, to build the substation need 1710 tons of cement, sand 4322 m3, and 10834 m3 of stones. Applying the method of determining the coefficient of dust emissions by earthwork operations and ground leveling WHO - 62 on the sources of pollution of soil, water and air, 1992. Dust emission factor (E) due to ground leveling is based on the following formula:

Of which:

E: Emission coefficient (kg/ton)

k: The average size of the particles, 0.05

U: The average wind speed (1.69 m/s)

M: Average moisture content of the material, 32.6 %

So, E = 0.000114 kg / ton.

Average load of dust arising during station construction estimated at just 3.74 kg and lasted for 12 months. So dust load is quite small, while the contractors strictly apply environmental protection measures, the dust impact to the surrounding environment would be negligible.

In addition, in the course of construction, three temporary storages (one closed warehouse with an area of 250 m2, one open warehouse with an area of 200 m2, and 1 yard cast concrete components, 200 m2) will be arranged in the blank areas in the fence to store the building materials, so that they will not be lost, and not arising out ambient dust.

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b. Operation of machinery, construction and transport equipment

The construction equipment as listed in Chapter 1, will contain flue emissions of dust, SOx, NOx, CO, CO2, VOC… causing air pollution in the project area. This situation may persist during construction, approximately 12 months.

Since Vietnam has no national standards or national technical standards for the exhaust emissions of vehicles, emission factors of WHO in AP42 will be applied (AP42 Section

11.2.4, Heavy Construction Operations, EPA Contract No. 69-D0-0123, Midwest Research

Institute, Kansas City, MO, 4/1994), estimate emissions from equipment and construction machinery as follows:

Table 3.7. Emission loads of pollutants

Pollutants NOx CH4 NMVOC CO N2O CO2

Emission loads (g/day) 316.14 1.13 24.56 102.65 0.5 20,076

c. Impact of construction materials transportation by road

Transportation of fuel and construction materials will cause a great impact on air environment due to smoke from the engine exhaust, dust pollution during handling and transport and noise generation.

The degree of impact depends on the quality of roads, density, traffic density, quality of vehicle engineering and fuel consumption.

Transportation vehicles are expected to be 5 ton trucks, operating during 12 months of construction. Thus, an average of about 18 vehicle turns, transporting building materials to the construction site, per day.

According to the calculation method applied in Section 3.1.1.1.1, dust emissions and exhaust fumes of vehicles transporting raw materials is estimated in the following table:




Table 3.8. Estimated emission loads

Pollutants Dust SO2 NO2 CO VOC

Emission (g/day) 0.08 0.38 0.13 0.26 0.07

According to the calculation results from the METI-LIS model, the concentration of dust and pollutants in the construction phase is very little, even insignificant, mainly NOx and CO. The affected ranges of both substances are only in the substation construction site, and the surrounding areas in a radius of about 100-200m. But investors will still require the contractor to implement serious measures to protect the environment, ensure the concentration of dust and pollutants not exceeding the allowable value in QCVN 05:2009 / BTNMT.




Figure 3.6. Affected range of NOx in the construction phase

Figure 3.7. Affected range of CO2 in the construction phase



Institute of Energy /154


a. Domestic wastewater

During the construction phase there will be a maximum of 40 construction workers in service. As average water for domestic use is 120L / person / day - TCVNXD 33-2006, and assuming 90% of wastewater in water volume, the total volume of wastewater in the construction phase is 4.3 m3 . The composition of such wastewater is mainly residue, suspended solids, organic matter, nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms.

Load of pollutants in domestic wastewater is forecasted in the following table:

Table 3.9. The concentration of pollutants in domestic wastewater - construction

phase

Concentration Amount Unit

The concentration of pollutants in domestic wastewater prior to handling (mg/l)

Through septic tank, sedimentation, clarification (down 90%)

QCVN 14:2008/ BTNMT(B) (mg/l)

BOD5 35 g/person/day 324 32 50

COD 50 g/person/day 463 46 -

SS 65 g/person/day 602 60 100

Nitrate (as N2) 8 g/person/day 74 7 50

Phosphates 1.7 g/person/day 16 2 10

Chloride 9 g/person/day 83 8 -

Coliform 103 MPN/100ml 9,259 926 5,000

TDS 65 g/person/day 509 51 1,000

Grease 15 g/person/day 139 14 20

After going through a septic tank, load of organic pollutants, bacteria in domestic wastewater will be reduced by 90%. The criteria pollutants are below acceptable standards in QCVN 14:2008 / BTNMT column B. However, investors are considering hiring company with pumping function, handling the waste water regularly. So domestic wastewater in the construction phase will not cause a major impact on water quality of canals around the project area.

b. Wastewater from construction

Wastewater from mixing concrete and other work ... usually contains inorganic solids and alkaline, are deposited, and neutralized before discharge. This is not a large amount of waste, estimated to account for about 10-20% of the total water volume




(approximately 1.5 to 3 m3/one whole day). Such wastewater often has high concentrations of suspended solids will be collected and put into the wastewater treatment system of the site before discharging into the environment

In fact, this kind of wastewater does not greatly affect the environment because of little quantity and only in the construction phase.

c. Runoff storm water

Impact of storm water runoff at this stage is the same as the period of preparation of the project. But at this stage, in addition to suspended solids and trash, there are chemicals, waste oil and other pollutants on the surface of the site. Therefore, the drainage system in the construction area will be built right in the leveling stage and prior to the construction of other buildings.

To limit the flooding situation in the project area, the drainage system will be dredged annually.

3.1.2.1.3. The impact of solid waste and hazardous waste

a. Solid waste from construction activities

During the construction phase, solid waste is mainly scattered construction waste as bricks, tiles, cement, mortar, wood-phase core and steel scrap, packaging equipment casing with paper, plastic, wood , ... In general, most of the construction waste generated are collected for reuse or scrap selling, the impact of construction waste is negligible.

b. Domestic waste from construction camp area

Household waste by approximately 40 construction workers on site estimated maximum of about 20 kg / day (0.5kg per worker (1)).

Essential components of household waste including:

- The derived organic compound like fruits and vegetables, leftovers

- The packaging, food packaging, drinks...

- The inorganic compounds such as resin, plastic, glass, metal...

This is the cause of infectious diseases, pollution of surface and groundwater, and affected landscape in the project area. The waste consists of 60-70% organic waste, easy to handle. Also in the construction process, the investor will supervise contractors and management activities of construction workers, not littering waste. The garbage

(1) according to emission rate on Rapid Assessment of source of air, water and land pollution, WHO, 1996 applied for Asia region




containers with lids will be located on the site, in the end of working day will be handled according to regulations.

c. Hazardous waste

According to statistics from the construction site in Vietnam, the amount of hazardous waste accounted for <5% of the total amount of waste on site. Ingredients include waste oil, batteries, battery waste, chemicals, shells containing chemicals, oil rags, heavy metals ... direct impact on the living environment of workers on construction sites, habitat attitude. The extent and mechanism of toxicity depends on the characteristics of each type of waste.

The most concerned source is the waste oil for equipment, machinery and vehicles during construction. According to the automotive oil change for several vendors, each truck will waste about 7 liters / 3 months. With the number of vehicles and equipment on the site mentioned in Chapter 1, the estimated monthly waste oil releases approximately 58.3 liters during construction. Waste oil will be stored in barrels at the site and the contractor will be handled in accordance with law.

Leakage of hazardous waste will cause impacts to human health, especially for children. In fact, direct contact with waste chemicals in the environment can cause chemical poisoning

On the other hand, if the waste can not be collected, it may obstruct the flow of rain water, leading to the formation of puddles, creating conditions for disease development, and leaching into groundwater. Garbage is buried near water sources also contaminates surface water and groundwater around it. The dumping of untreated waste into rivers and lakes will lead to cumulative risk of toxins in the food chain of aquatic species.

These affected areas are the site, the worker camps, garbage dumps. The affected objects are workers, the rural population in the project area, and Day river water quality, groundwater.

3.1.2.1.4. Noise and vibration impacts

a. Noise impacts

Noise during construction mainly due to construction equipment, concrete batching systems, pile driving equipment, operation of generators ... as listed in Chapter 1.

Impact mechanism of noise to workers, residents and prescribed limits for noise analysis were the same as in the period of preparation of the project.

According to the forecast model CadnaA, in the absence of mitigation measures used, the average noise level is 61-69 dBA at the site. The noise level in the surrounding area




ranged from 54-60 dBA, 4dBA higher than existing noise levels of the area. The range of noise impact is south residential substation and worker camp.

Figure 3.8. Impact range of noise during construction phase

During the construction process will apply measures to minimize noise and is specifically mentioned in chapter 4.

b. Vibration impacts

In the construction phase, the vibration has a major impact on the surrounding area. Sources arises mainly from the hammer, compactor, piling, concrete mixer, compressor vibration frequency as follows:

- 8 ton hammer with close to 48 kJ of energy can generate vibration of 12.9 mm / s at a distance of 10m.

- The compressor compresses land with 30 kJ of energy can generate vibration of 4.3 mm / s at a distance of 10m.

- Punchers played on clay diesel can generate vibration 7mm / s at 10m distance.




Vibration adversely affect human health, fatigue, insomnia, nervous disorders and reduced work capacity. For homes and buildings, the vibration acceleration from 5mm / s or more may adversely affect the quality and longevity of the project.

The project area is quite close to residential areas but there is no large industrial operation, thereby affecting the vibration of the surrounding area is not significant, since mitigation solutions given in Chapter 4 are applied.


3.1.2.2.1. Concentration of construction workers

During the construction phase there will be about 30-40 workers from many different locations in the country. Thus, health problems of employees, sanitation and social issues deserve attention.

The major impact is usually realized from the following aspect:

- Workers health affected by precarious housing conditions, polluted working conditions, living away from family and lack of entertainment condition as well as conditions of cultural and spiritual

- Conflicts arise between workers in the field, with local residents due to differences in lifestyle, habits, interests and money…

- Increased risk of infectious diseases and the social diseases such as HIV / AIDS due to the entertainment needs and life circumstances

- Increase the pressure on the environment, infrastructure and clean water.

These effects are often only temporary in the construction phase and can be minimized by technical solutions and management as maximize local labor. However, stabilize accommodation of workers is one of the essential requirement for the contractors and project owners to perform firstly

3.1.2.2.2. Impact on traffic operations by transporting materials and construction equipment

According to the forecast, except for vehicles of visitors and staff officers counted as daily traffic, volume of shipping activity in the region increased by about 5.69 to 7.59 vehicle turns / day. The process of transporting materials and equipment for construction could impact traffic as follows:

- Increase the density of vehicles in traffic on the roads leading to the project site (Day River embankment)

- Increased risk of traffic accidents on road transport construction materials to the project.




- The risk of causing damage and subsidence of road surface subsidence... (While transportationof overload and over-sized of heavy equipment and machinery....).

Project area is located near the Day river embankment, very convenient for transporting construction materials and equipment. The road was built with relatively good foundation and thick plastic coating.

In addition, the number of vehicles, the activity level of the transportation is low, transporting heavy equipment will comply with current regulations to ensure the safety of existing people and infrastructure system. Therefore the negative impact on local roads due to construction projects is little. In addition, to facilitate the transportation of raw materials in the construction phase, and subsequent operation of the station, the investor will build a distance of 261m road, connecting from the Day river dike straight to the station, with 6m width built of asphalt concrete.

In addition, materials handling will let materials scattered, wastewater discharges and uncontrolled waste can affect the air quality surrounding areas. The solutions to protect and minimize negative impacts at this stage are still considered and proposed in the next chapter.

3.1.2.2.3. The impact on the other socio-economic activities

Due to the particular nature of the work, the main construction work of the project requires the professional staff, trained in technical expertise from an professional electric construction company, while the rest of the work such as excavation, earth moving, rock, building materials ... we can mobilize employees in local labor source for replacement. This work may provide temporary employment for the idle labor locally and reduce conflicts between workers in locals and workers coming from other places.

The number of construction workers will raise local consumption and local demand for services and social amenities. Needs of construction workers on food, the daily necessities and services will lead to the promotion of some types of services at the local level.

During construction, these items will affect the agricultural activities of the people in the area, especially the works of construction of pile foundations and columns and stringing. However, these activities are only temporary and should be carried in a short time, so that their impacts on agricultural activities of the people is negligible.

In addition, as discussed above, construction project will have a number of graves relocated within the project area. The relocation will have some impact on the psychological and spiritual tradition of the local people.




3.1.2.2.4. Impacts by digging wells and groundwater extraction, for construction and operation

To meet the demand for water supply during construction and operation, the project will conduct 01 wells drilled to a depth of 80m with pressure drilling technology. Water will be pretreated with two parameters, iron and arsenic before being put into use.

This could potentially affect the groundwater system in the area. However, due to the construction phase took place not so long, and the demand for water extraction operation phase is little, so the impact of the extraction of groundwater is not significant.

3.1.2.2.5. The impact from landmines and other relics of war

In the project area, mine and war materials can leftover from the war. If materials and mine is not detected and treated thoroughly, there is potential for the occurrence of accidents and injuries in the construction process.

3.1.3. Impact assessment during operation stage

3.1.3.1. Impacts related to waste

3.1.3.1.1. Impacts on air environment

During the operational phase, transformers perform 220/110/23kV to change voltage power transmission stations with no waste generation activities affecting air quality environment.

3.1.3.1.2. Impacts due to noise and vibration

During the operational phase, noise may arise mainly due to transformer (single equipment while operating, makes noise). However:

- In the stage of investment projects and technical design, the transformer is proposed to be built with noise levels complied with standard operating international IEC-51, <70 dBA at a distance less than 3m.

- When the bidding documentation, requirements of transformer noise levels during operation (<70dBA at a distance less than 3m) is specified in the bidding documents. And in the bidding process, the noise level requirements will also be considered as the mandatory conditions as well as other techniques.

Therefore, the transformer of contractors (manufacturer) will be selected to attain international standards for operation, <70dBA at a distance less than 3m.

Besides, according to the measurement results of project’s environmental status, the consultant in collaboration with the Faculty of Environment, University of Natural Sciences on 5th and 6th October 6, 2012, the noise level at construction area substation construction is measured at 51-60 dBA.




According to calculations of the forecast model CadnaA, because the transformers are designed and positioned at the station campus with 3m high wall surrounding the area, it greatly reduces noise level outside the station transformer fence, as follows:

Figure 3.9. Noise impacts surrounding transformer area

- At the substation entrance noise level is around 61 dBA

- Noise levels at the nearest residential area from the campus station, ranged from 51-55 dBA (less than the maximum allowed in residential areas, defined in QCVN 26:2010 / BTNMT, at 70 dBA)

Thus, the impact of noise generated by the operation of the project is not significant.


1. Domestic wastewater

During operation, the maximum number of officers and employees of the station is 40 staffs with the level of water use is at 120L / person / day and the amount of domestic waste water generated is 90% of the water supply. Therefore, the amount of wastewater generated in this period is 4.3 m3 / day.




This type of waste water included floating solids components and organic matter. While discharged into the environment, they potentially increase turbidity in the receiving water body, affecting the migration and feeding of the aquatic species and organisms. At the same time, high turbidity also hinders the ability to receive sunlight into deeper layers of the water level, reducing the photosynthetic ability of plants and algae live in deeper water.

Large amount of organic matter in the wastewater, reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, due to the decomposition of organic matter, promote the growth of algae on the surface of water bodies and can cause up phenomenon of "algal blooms" also known as eutrophication.

However, domestic wastewater is put into the system treated by septic tanks then discharged into the sewage of the region and according to the calculation results, the concentration of pollutants after treatment were lower than acceptable standards in QCVN 14:2008 / BTNMT and is shown in the following table:

Table 3.10. The concentration of pollutants in domestic wastewater - operation

phase

Parameters Value Unit

The concentration of pollutants in domestic wastewater prior to handling (mg/l)

Through septic tank, sedimentation, clarification (down 90%)

QCVN 14:2008/ BTNMT(B) (mg/l)

BOD5 35 g/person/day 324 32 50

COD 50 g/person/day 463 46 -

SS 65 g/person/day 602 60 100

Nitrate (as N2) 8 g/person/day 74 7 50

Phosphates 1.7 g/person/day 16 2 10

Chloride 9 g/person/day 83 8 -

Coliform 103 MPN/100ml 9,259 926 5,000

TDS 65 g/person/day 509 51 1,000

Grease 15 g/person/day 139 14 20

2. Storm water runoff at the substation

This water usually occurs in the rains, concentrated mainly in the rainy season. Rainwater washed away types of dirt, especially when flow through the contaminated areas, workshops, warehouses (garbage, oil, grease, chemicals, dirt ...). The amount of




suspended solids is quite large, if no mitigation measures, potentially affecting water quality of the project area. However, all the remaining substations are concreted; also there are no contaminated areas. Therefore, the resulting storm water runoff directly into the manholes (with bar screens covered), located along the internal road and in the field stations, flow along the drainage into the sump. No storm water runoff from the station area to the surrounding areas.

3.1.3.1.4. The impact of generated solid waste

1. Domestic waste

The amount of solid waste activities of 220 KV West Hanoi substation about 19 kg / day (corresponding to 38 workers and the emission level of 0.5 kg / person). Trash Ingredients include organic materials, packaging, paper types, nylon, and plastic. Accounting for 60-70% of this waste is organic waste easier to handle. The rest are other types of packaging, waste batteries, chemicals, paper, glass, metal...

Solid waste if not handled properly will increase the risk of injury and the source of disease transmission. Especially the organic waste can cause serious harm due to the fermentation process, creating favorable conditions for the development and growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The staff and scavengers in direct contact with the waste is subject to the greatest impact due to the risk of infectious diseases and chronic.

On the other hand, the solid waste is not collected, may hinder drainage of rain water, creating stagnant water holes, become a breeding place for germs. If waste is dumped near the waste water will cause water pollution. The direct disposal of untreated waste into rivers, lakes and the sea will cause an accumulation of toxins in the food chain.

2. Industrial waste

Waste from operating activities, repairs, routine maintenance line mostly broken crockery, cords ... when troubleshooting. Volume of waste each time depending on repair and maintenance.

All solid waste during operation, the operator station, are periodically collected, sorted and re-used of waste for the operation of the station. After sorting, the remaining solid waste is handed to the local urban environment factory, shipped to the specified location.

3. Hazardous waste

During operation, the substation will generate the following types of hazardous waste:

- Oil and heat insulation of the transformer (10 liters / month). Under the annual plan, heat transfer oil in the transformer will be sampling and quality control. If the test results do not meet the criteria to filter the oil will be reused or replaced




with new oil;

- Corrupted capacitors and transformers containing hazardous elements after the repair, replacement

- The damaged batteries;

- Rags have grease during the repair and overhaul of transformers;

- The waste was removed during warranty and regular maintenance of the stations, containing toxic elements, such as fluorescent lamps, electronic components, electrical equipment ...

The waste will be sorted and arranged temporary storage place to ensure safety. Heat transfer oil will be stored in accordance with the categories, in the tank, dedicated container, or be sucked out for treatment, according to the proper technique, to ensure no leakage, spillage or dispersal into the environment.


3.1.3.2.1. The impact of electromagnetic fields

1. Impact intensity electromagnetic fields to human health

According to Journal of Electrical & Electronic Life 09/2007, the influence of the electromagnetic field intensity for human health as follows:

a. Thermal Impact

The first manifestation of the effects of electromagnetic energy is the heat, which can lead to change, even damage to the cells and tissues of living organisms. Energy absorption mechanism is really complex. Overheating of the body to absorb electromagnetic energy leads to the change of pulse frequency, pulse and capillary reaction.

b. The impact causing neurological disorders

Along with thermal effects, electromagnetic field also adversely affects the nervous system. The impact of electromagnetic fields on the human body is expressed in the dysfunction of the central nervous system, the subjective feeling of increased fatigue, headaches, bad mood, irritability...

c. The impact causing circulatory disorders

The electromagnetic field causes dysfunction of the cardiovascular system and metabolic system. The long-term effects of electromagnetic fields causes angina phenomenon in the heart. The system of radiation of electromagnetic energy cause changes in blood pressure circuit delay, resulting in fatigue, headaches...




d. Electrostatic Effects

Along with the biological effects, the electric field also causes the appearance of the charge between the metal and the items have different voltage than the human body. The exposure of the body to the metal element grounding will lead to the phenomenon of electrical transmission from the human body to the ground, which can cause pain, especially in the first time. Sometimes this contact can occur discharges. In the case of exposure to the long metal object, such as isolated ground piping systems, steel fence wood columns etc., current flows through the human body can reach dangerous values ...

e. Other impacts

Ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields can cause effects on the eyes, leading to cataracts (lens). The degree of biological effects of electromagnetic fields on the body depends on oscillation frequency, intensity and duration.

2. Impacts on station operation employee’s health

During the operational phase, subject to the effects of electromagnetic fields, on the campus substation, is the operating personnel. However, as a result of electromagnetic field analysis, the project area prior to construction of the station, magnetism in this area is only about 1 kV / m for electric field, and 10 mA / m for the magnetic field. Also according to the annual electromagnetic field monitoring of several substations with an equivalent capacity of electric fields, ranging from 0-7 kV / m, and 0 to 4.5 A / m. High intensity electromagnetic fields common in areas of breakers and disconnectors. Thus, the operators can be affected by the electric field in the station. However, these workers operate mainly in the central control room, not constantly working in the areas where there is high magnetism and equipped with labor protection, with their health checked annually.

3. Impact on radio communication systems and other lines

The affected information systems include information lines that are closed to each other, crossed lines, and the center transceivers. However it was calculated to ensure current norms, therefore, this impact is not significant.

4. Impact of electricity, magnetic fields from power lines

Based on industry standards: "The permitted level of the electric field intensity of industrial frequency" and the regulations on the workplace examination, "Regulation on permissible levels of intensity electric field of industrial frequency over time working in areas affected by the electric field. ", time allowed staff to work in a day depends on the electric field strength is as follows:




Table 3.11 Time allowed for the work according to the electromagnetic field

Thusthe influence of the electric field is the space in which the electric field strength industrial frequency> 5kV / m. For the population living below the line, the electric field strength allows not affect health <5 kV / m.

Through test calculations, the line is designed in accordance with current regulations of Vietnam, on route corridor, and a safe distance from the conductor to the ground, the influence of the electric field strength is below allowed level as issued by the standards, while ensuring the requirements of the World Health Organization (WHO), less than 5 kV / m.

So it can be concluded that the project would not affect people's health due to the effects of electromagnetic fields.

3.1.3.2.2. The impact on the social environment

The construction of 220 KV West Hanoi substation will have a positive impact on society, as the duty of the substation is to supply power safely and continuously to important load areas which are strongly developing in terms of social and economic aspects, as well as neighboring provinces, to timely meet the estimated load growth in the region after 2012.

In addition, the substation is built, it will be the driving force for local economic and social development, reduce the proportion of agriculture and increase the proportion of industry and services among the local economic structure, attract investors to local, and increase educational level of the people.

3.1.4. Impact of risks and incidents

3.1.4.1. Environmental risks and incidents that may occur in the construction phase

With the construction of the foundation pillars, foundation transformers, transformer installation and wiring power lines, labor accidents can easily occur. Therefore this issue will be attended right from the beginning, and solutions to be seriously implemented during construction and installation of equipment.

The electric field intensity (kV/m)

< 5 5 8 10 12 15 18 20 25 > 25

Time allowed to work in a day (h)

Not restricted

8 4.25 3 2.2 1.33 0.8 0.5 1/6 0




When construction work is well managed, safety regulations are strictly abided, and workers are equipped with adequate means of labor protection, this impact can be minimized.

At the same time, the experience of the professional building contractors, along with strict adherence to regulations on labor safety during construction and installation of equipment, as well as close monitoring, and responding in time, will reduce to the minimum the loss of life and property.

Besides, there are other risks that may occur, such as traffic accidents, flooding caused by natural disasters can affect construction progress and operation schedule of the system.

3.1.4.2. Environmental risks and incidents that may occur in the operation phase

3.1.4.2.1. Impacts on economic - social connection due operation and synchronization of the substation to the national grid

Due to the nature of 220kV Substation is the national high voltage grid, so when connecting substations and related items coordinating the national grid, distribution department will calculate to ensure uninterruptible power system operation, not affect people's power system. During connecting substations and its operation, there will not be any residential area power outages caused by the construction and building projects.

3.1.4.2.2. Labor accidents

During operation, the labor accidents may occur, such as:

- The accident while operating the equipment in the station;

- Accidents at work on high

- Electric shock, ...

Since the issue of the safety and health of workers at the station operators are well cared, the accident will not have happened if safety regulations are complied during operation.

3.1.4.2.3. Risk of fire and explosion

During operation, the fire can occur due to lightning, high temperatures and flammable substances in transformer oil... all related to technical operation of stations. Fire stations will cause risk of shutting down and could cause oil leaks of the transformer insulation, cause adverse impacts to the operation of the entire electrical system in the region, and affect the quality of environment. However, as designed of 220kV West Hanoi substation, leaking oil collection tank is installed to minimize the risk.




Also, the substation is equipped with sufficient and upgraded firefighting system, as required by related standards, to comply with technical requirements in case of upgrading the station. Therefore, the risk can be avoided and handled in time.

3.1.4.2.4. Structure subsidence

Subsidence can be due to the following reasons:

- Flaws during foundation improvement process

- Transformer foundation erosion

- Foundation sinking

Geological survey are fully implemented before construction of the substation, resulting in good regional geological conditions, and relatively good bearing capacity of soils.

Also, the design and construction ensures the standards and technical regulations. And substation was operational from 2004 until now without any subsidence problem. Therefore, the possibility of building subsidence incidents are very low.

3.1.4.2.5. Disaster Risk

According to the National Hydrometeorological center, in recent years, the project area does not occur disasters, thunderstorms, tornados, floods and severe storms, the risk of incidents is negligible. Besides, during project design stage, the risk avoidance parameters will be taken into account, and technical assurance, ensuring the safety of the station operation and health of the people in the region.

3.2. REMARKS ON LEVELS OF DETAILS, OF RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT

3.2.1. Level of details, reliability assessment

- Human resources: a team of experts perform more specialized reports including long experience especially in the field of substation and transmission lines.

- Implementation method: Report in compliance with the current guidelines and the help of local authorities in providing data recovery services and data reporting.

- Data and data used for the report: provided by the authorities and state administration agencies from the related fields. Data were statistical sequence, which improves reliability in the process of expert assessment.

But in the process of applying the assessment methods certain difficulties also exist as following:

- Statistical method: used in the collection and processing of hydro-meteorological data and data on health, economic - social in the project area.




- Mapping method: Use the map to locate the project, the scope and level of influence. This method requires a number of input data is relatively large and manipulation skills, complex processing. This method provides intuitive results, both qualitative and quantitative.

- Field research and surveys method: to evaluate the current state of environmental quality and economic - society nature in the area, this method is the most effective but the cost is quite expensive

- Comparation method: to assess the impact on the basis of environmental QCVN, and occupational health standards of the Ministry of Health, and the recommendations of the Radiation Safety Organization International (IRPA).

- Quick assessment method: use emission coefficients, the statistics of the World Health Organization WHO, published in 1993, a number of documents from Vietnam and other international organizations, to quickly calculate the emission load .

- Modeling methodology: is the most powerful tool used in this report, this method is applied to simulate and calculate the magnitude and scope of the impact of the spread of pollutants in air, noise. However, when being applied to the project, implementation also faces difficulties because data synchronizing data requires a lot of inputs

3.2.2. Regarding difficulties and errors in evaluation

The report was to identify the most probable impact of the project and assess the impact and scope of the types of impacts.

Although assessment methods and assessment tools are applied in this report but reliable in the evaluation process still exist some problems such as:

- Used model that consists of the computational conditions, meteorological factors, the conversion unit will be certain error when applied to Vietnam

- Some calculations does not take into account of other affecting factors

However, in general, evaluation results and impact prediction of the project is comprehensive and reliable.




CHAPTER 4: MITIGATION MEASURES AGAINST NEGATIVE IMPACTS,

REVENTION AND RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENTS

4.1. MITIGATION SOLUTIONS DURING SITE PREPARATION PHASE

4.1.1. Mitigation solutions related to waste

4.1.1.1. Mitigation solutions for impacts on air environment

- To cover construction areas by walls of steel or plastic 2-4m high. This solution will be applicable to all stages of construction.

- To divide the site into functional areas include the substation area, gathering equipment and construction materials ... to make appropriate construction plan and sufficient construction solutions to limit the dust, as well as complete sooner. However, the construction must follow principles of harder place to be completed first, from inside out. These positions are not constructed immediately will be temporarily grassed. Cover piles of soil and materials to minimize dust swept away by the wind and the rain.

Besides that, in order to facilitate maximum utilization of soil excavation, soil excavation will be used for the leveling. Untreated excavated soil can be gathered at the construction site and sealed against dust cover and limited rains washed away. Such solutions will limit the maximum impact on the environment cleaner air.

- Equipment for ground leveling work, earthwork, and ground compactors will be mobilized to work in administrative time. Management of facilities and leveling equipment to work properly with the designed values of the engine and fuel, especially lousy and heavy equipment to operate uptime to minimize impact on people during lunchtime and night.

During this period and all subsequent periods, the rock and soil, solid waste transportation vehicles are required to comply with the following regulations:

+ Materials and waste transportation trucks must be closely covered, and washed before going out of site area

+ The management measures to be applied in conjunction with: vehicle speed regulations on the roads through residential areas (<20km / h), load testing of the vehicle shipping and vehicle must be granted accreditation.

+ Spray water along the transportation route 2 times / day during the dry period.

+ Do not use vehicles without periodic accreditation of agencies active in the field. The construction materials transport vehicles are properly used as designed.

These solutions will be applied to all stages of the project.




4.1.1.2. Mitigation solutions for impacts on water environment

The system of rainwater drainage ditch and the ditch in concrete stations along the route. This system is used to collect storm water runoff collected on the surface of the station areas; storm water is handled by the preliminary but trash, filtered at the manholes before flowing into the sewage system region.

Domestic wastewater: not much of wastewater. The project owner will build a septic tank in the area to serve the project construction team. Besides, if the needs of workers in the peak area is greater than the above mentioned restroom capacity, the investor will hire mobile toilets until restroom and domestic wastewater treatment systems is built on the site (see Section 4.2.1.2). Therefore, restroom and sewage treatment system should be built first, in compliance with QCVN 14:2008 / BTNMT, column B, before start discharging into canals.

In addition, personnel on site are strictly managed to minimize the discharge of waste water discharged directly into the ground to prevent contamination of groundwater in the area.

4.1.1.3. Mitigation solutions for impacts due to solid waste

Solid wastes from plant exfoliation process of the station ground will be transported by dedicated vehicles, assembled on site, and can then be reused for other purposes outside the project area. The location of gathering the volume of solid waste will be covered, make sure to not affect the water surface environment if it rains during the implementation

After construction waste is classified as broken bricks, cement and earth… they will be used for ground leveling work. The rest will be gathered at the landfill, 5km from the project.

Waste from plant and straw biomass:

Before performing the clearance, the investor will inform people, so they have plan to salvage wood from fruit trees and crops. Wood is mainly used for firewood, essential household items, fuel, straw and leaves can be used to plant compost. This solution will effectively solve this waste and the rest will be handled separately.

4.1.1.4. Minimizing the impact of noise and vibration

1. Noise from vehicles

- In order to limit noise due to the operation of vehicles, vehicles running through the residential areas with the speed should not exceed 20 km / h and can not be used whistles, load testing of the vehicles to ensure that they do not exceed their specified load; the vehicle must have a certificate of authority for periodic functions.




- As assessed in Section 3.1.1.4, during this phase, 400m from the residential areas to the south of the substation will be affected by noise. Predicted results for noise levels indicates that while the project area is covered, noise levels in residential areas and the areas around the field will comply with QCVN. During this period, since trees just planted along the route and do not have apparent effect. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the number of vehicles and the speed limit on roads.

2. Noise from the operation of the equipment: Apply the following measures

- Regulation of working time maximum for workers on the basis of the provisions of TCVN 3985-1999 on the working environment. Allowed maximum common noise or general noise during 8 hours of labor cases does not exceed 85 dBA, the maximum may not exceed 115dBA if the total expose time to the noise during the day does not exceed:

4 hours, allowed sound pressure level is 90 dBA

2 hours, allowed sound pressure level is 95 dBA

1 hour, allowed sound pressure level is 100 dBA

30 minutes, allowed sound pressure level is 105 dBA

15 minutes, allowed sound pressure is 110 dBA

And the maximum level is not exceeded 115 dBA.

- Regulation for equipment concentration at the site to minimize noise resonance.

- Do not allow the use of older devices cause high levels of noise. These devices cause loud noise (such as generators, compressors, etc...) must be covered and located in areas with cover.

- Shielding the above construction areas to reduce the noise impact to the surrounding residential area.

4.1.2. The mitigation measures for impacts that not related to waste

4.1.2.1. Measures to minimize impacts on socio-economic due to land acquisition for the project

1. Career orientation and livelihoods

According to survey data, there will have about 35 households with 144 persons affected, loss of arable land due to building stations, of which about 57% of people in working age. Survey results showed that 100% of the affected households have income from rice crops.

The allocation of land for the production of those losing land for the project does not seem feasible. However, there will be many new job opportunities are created as services business, small traders which may attract a large local workforce.

According to the project of building new rural communes in 2013, the commune People's Committee will open four vocational training courses for young local people at




working age. The trained professions is are traditional craft bamboo and rattan, also sewing for women

In addition, investors will prioritize recruiting qualified local workers into the substation. When the project is put into operation, developing service will attract more workers.

2. Improved living conditions and health care of people

Investors will cooperate with local and CPC in the process of upgrading a number of infrastructure projects to enhance people's quality of life and limit the negative impact due to loss of arable land.

Support for the local health department to improve the quality of health care for people in the region

3. Minimize negative impacts to people's psychology in moving graves

Investors and clearance committee will work with each family to agreement on the relocation of the graves. Support and adequate compensation to avoid unnecessary conflicts when implementing compensation and ground clearance.

4.2. MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION

4.2.1. Measures for impacts related to waste

4.2.1.1. Measures to minimize the impact on air environment

In order to limit the lowest emissions of dust, and noise emissions from operations on site, a number of technical measures to reduce and manage the impact will be applied, of which many solutions have been applied for site preparation phase:

- Shield construction (main plant, district staff) as described in Section 4.1.1.1.

- Divide construction projects into sub-sector to partially restore the ground to minimize dust, the areas not yet constructed to be grown grass or flowers.

- Cover areas such as construction materials storage.

- For construction equipment and vehicles, the mitigation measures are applied the same with site preparation phase

- During construction, the project will develop systems for vehicles wash, make sure all the vehicles out of the construction areas will be sprayed to wash the dirt, make sure they not carry dirt into traffic

- Chemical storage areas, fuel oil, paint to ensure the safety rules: tight-fitting lids, containers, plate warnings, which contains safety and ventilation to limit the effects of odor and fire.




4.2.1.2. Measures to minimize impacts to the aquatic environment

1. Measures to minimize the impact of domestic wastewater

Design septic tanks built in accordance with the technical standards to ensure handling efficiency> 90% to meet the QCVN 14:2008 / BTNMT, for domestic wastewater being discharged into the canals around (Column B), ensure waste water before discharging into the canal system meets all the required parameters in National technical regulations.

According to the results of environmental monitoring in substations with the similar capacity and the same number of workers operating: Soc Son, Bac Ninh, septic system design with three-compartment-design ensures compliance with QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT. Diagram for domestic waste water treatment station will be the same, specific diagram below:

Figure 4-1: Substation’s domestic sewage collection and disposal Diagram

Source: Environment Protection Scheme of Soc Son 220kV

2. Measures to minimize the impact of construction waste

There are no large mass of about 10% of the total grant amount for the concrete and mortar (1.5-3m3 / day). This wastewater will be collected and put into the clarify tank and filtered on site before discharging into outside (wastewater treatment system).

3. Measures to minimize the impact of storm water runoff

Building storm water collection system of the building, which flows around the canals, as described in the corresponding section in the site preparation phase of the project.

In addition, investors will implement additional measures as management regulations, and check contractors, and active objects on the field, to absolutely no discharge of waste water and waste dumped directly into canals causing water pollution.

4.2.1.3. Measures to minimize the impact of noise and vibration

1. Measures to minimize noise impacts

Solutions for noise from the operation of vehicles and transport applied as stated in the site preparation phase.

With noise from machinery, apply the following measures:




- Reduces noise intensity emitted from machinery and engines, by keeping the machine in a state of perfection: tightening bolts, screws, regular lubrication.

- Isolate the noise and sound insulation: Choose materials for house music. Making rubber floor, sand the floor to dig deep, 6-10cm dig ditches around soundproof

- Installation of the equipment silencer to reduce noise of motors

- build about 3m high wall around the building housing of the officers and staff at resettlement areas. This shield walls minimize noise, ensure the security and isolate dust.

Operators are equipped with personal protective equipment such as bubble, foam, ear plugs. Also need to arrange reasonable working mode for those who work, exposed to noise to reduce working hours, or can be arranged alternately work, to take the appropriate intervals as stated in site preparation phase.

During the construction phase, as evaluated in Section 3.1.2.3, noise is one of the important effects. This phase noise level is about 4dBA higher than the background noise level of. On the basis of the mitigation measures so on, can minimize noise at night by reducing the activity of transport vehicles, construction equipment at night and reduce vehicle speed when traveling through residential areas. In fact, the highest point of the active media machinery is in the daytime. At night, a large number of vehicles, machines do not work so the noise still meets the requirements of QCVN 26:2010 / BTNMT.

2. Minimizing impacts due to vibration

- Replace machinery parts generating vibrations

- Regular inspection and timely repair, machine parts for wear and damage, or reinforced the special machine details for defibrillation

- Foundation and machine bed must be flat and solid. Isolate devices that emit large vibration, with grooves surrounding the machine foundations: Foundation sand buffer, pads, sound-slot, passive vibration insulator.

- Replace the hard link between the vibration source and foundations of it with other associated damping to reduce the transmission of vibrations to the foundations of machine, such as anti-vibration spring.

Production organization methods:

- Arrangement of working time according to the cases, to limit the period impacts by the vibrations on the workers

- Arranging reasonable time off for workers between the two shifts.




- Health Measures: Due to the hard work, and have high specificity, not recruit poor nerve people for hard work, or frequent exposure to vibration...

- Do not arrange women driving the large transport vehicles with high vibration

4.2.1.4. Measures to minimize the impact of solid waste and hazardous waste

1. Solid waste from construction and operation activities.

Practical experience in a number of projects on the site shows that there are many types of solid waste, but most of them are fully recovered in each category as follows:

- Construction waste consists of stucco, brick, tile, concrete, sand, gravel spilled in large quantities will be used for leveling the workshop.

- Casing equipment: wood, paper, bottles, cardboard packaging, cement bags, pieces of metal, steel scrap, container, pineapple sacks artisanal workers ... are as radical as shell timber equipment will be domestic utensils, chairs, beds, heating fuel core is mixed, others were collected for resale.

- The rest are not significant (glass, rags, dirty shell ...) are collected together with household waste in bins and storage to be transported for processing.

- At the entrance, arrange bins with lids, kind of> 200 liters placed in different positions. This is the type of scroll wheel bins, to facilitate garbage collection workers.

2. Hazardous waste

The hazardous waste such as chemicals, sludge waste, batteries, accumulators, lead, chemicals and oil rags and mud containing bentonite and concrete waste will be stored in closed containers have warning labels. This type of barrel is placed away from the workforce to be gathered and be the periodically handled by staffs.

4.2.2. Mitigation measures from sources not related to waste

4.2.2.1. Mitigation measures for impacts due to workforce concentrating

Temporary housing for approximately 30-40 construction workers, self-arranged by the construction contractors, but is expected to be put back in the factory to facilitate movement home from work of the workers. In particular, because this place is also a component of the project area, it might be arranged separately, therefore the separation will limit infringement of ecosystems and social conflicts with local people living near the project. However, the layout and construction of temporary housing will have to ensure the following criteria:

- Airy and hygienic




- Arranging reasonably restroom area, residential area, living area and dining area

- Guarantee the water conditions (water can be bought or contractors will exploit underground water), electricity workers, sewage treatment system activity, storm water drainage system.

- Ensure that the construction of the residential category of employees in the operation phase.

- Educating for migrant workers in lifestyle and cultural habits of the locals.

- Set out the rules and regulations on site, including the terms of sanction, if the employee violated the rules and regulations, gambling participation, violate outside the project area, and initiate conflicts with the local population.

- Coordinate with local government, and social institutions, implementing well environmental hygiene, occupational safety, disease prevention methods to propagate infectious diseases, and other social vices.

- Establish site clinics for timely handling of labor accidents, routine health care for employees. Coordinate with local authorities to provide timely communication solutions to prevent disease transmission

4.2.2.2. Minimizing the impact of transport activities

- The speed of vehicles on the roads through residential areas <20km / h.

- Equip lights and traffic instruction boards on the road to the project, the branch roads from inhabitants areas connected to the main routes on with project vehicles travelling

- Draw markers and divide roads into streams to minimize the impact of congestion.

- Arrange traffic management instructions at locations prone to congestion, as the connecting ends from the small roads of the residential area to Day river dike area.

4.2.2.3. Labor safety and fire prevention

For mines and explosives could have left after the war, the investor will work with functional units to carry out mine clearance in site preparation phase, ensuring there is no trouble by bombs, mines and explosives during construction and operation of the project.

To ensure public safety workers on site during the construction contractor and the investor will implement and closely monitor the following requirements:

- Protective equipment for employees who work as helmets, safety shoes, ear protection, safety glasses, gloves, protective masks;




- Cleaning on site

- Regulations on alcohol, beer and drugs

- Working attitude of staff and workers

- The safety regulations for construction on high, using scaffolding, power switching, chemical and paint manipulation, the transportation of construction equipment and lifting equipment, welding machine.

- Electrical safety and electrical, lighting appliances

- Safety and fire prevention

- The symbols / signs / signals

- Implementation reports on labor accidents

Fire prevention, must be in compliance with the rules and basic process:

- Install temporary firefighting system during construction, before the main firefighting system of the plant put into operation.

- All the persons present on the site are required to comply with the rules and procedures of fire prevention.

- Prohibit all activities and use of fire smoke (including welding work) putting near flammable fuel, gas and paint...

- Sign boards to be hung on fuel tanks and areas with high risk of fire and explosion

- Limited use of highly flammable substances on site. highly flammable substances store must be separated with the others, be tidy and there must be warning sign boards.

- The portable fire extinguisher will be distributed at the appropriate position on the field. Fire equipment will be checked periodically and will be added if necessary.

- Before conducting welding or cutting, all combustible equipment must be moved to a safe area. The shield and liner must be used to prevent welding slag falling into the equipment, cables, people ... below.

4.3. MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACTS DURING OPERATION

4.3.1. Mitigation measures related to waste

4.3.1.1. Mitigation measures for impacts on air environment

During the operational phase, the project will not cause gas emissions or impact on ambient air quality, so no need for mitigation measure




4.3.1.2. Minimizing the impact of noise and vibration

As described in Section 3.1.2.1.2 above, in the operational phase, the transformer is the only device noise generation. Furthermore, stations located in areas with wall covering, so there is no noise and vibration greatly affects the people around as has been proved in Chapter 3. However, the following measures will be taken to minimize the impact of noise from the station:

- When preparing the bidding documents, the requirements of transformer noise during operation (<70dBA at a distance less than 3m) is specified in the bidding documents and the bidding process, the noise level requirements be considered as the mandatory conditions other techniques;

- Inspection and maintenance of transformers periodically to ensure transformer operating in compliance with the standards;

- Periodic noise monitoring on site

4.3.1.3. Minimize impacts to the aquatic environment

The drainage system on site is as follows:

* Drainage system at administration building

- From drainage toilet leading to septic tanks, then the general drainage system of the station.

- Wastewater from wash basin, showers led out of the septic tank manholes then led the general drainage system.

* Floor cleaning water and rain water: follows the piping trench to the common pit, then leading to the common drainage system of the station

Therefore, the project does not apply any additional mitigation measures other than the operation of the existing substation

4.3.1.4. Minimizing the impact of solid waste generation

Solid waste generated during the operation of the station was estimated at about 19-20kg / day. The amount of solid waste is not large, so the station will arrange garbage containers scattered throughout the station. Also, in stations, staffs clean up and gathering solid waste daily, at the prescribed place on the station campus, transported waste to disposal according to regulations




4.3.1.5. Minimize the impact of hazardous waste generation

Hazardous wastes (as presented in Chapter 3) will be classified, not confused with each other. These substances are arranged at short-term storage location of the station to ensure safety.

For heat transfer oil: the motor oil is sampled periodically for being tested. Also after the overhaul, if detecting abnormal conditions, oil samples must test randomly. Oil extracted from the transformer is preserved inside proper type of tanks and specialized packing containers to meet the requirements of safety and technology, ensuring no leakage, dropping or dispersal into the environment, will then be transported to refinery for processing.

All this waste is stored temporarily in station warehouses for less than 24 h, and the transmission company I work with functional units to manage and be transported to the repository, treatment plants to ensure technical standards.

Oil gathering system malfunction is designed and built simultaneously with the installation of transformers. The system includes: oil breakdown ditch runs underground transformer area and tank compartment sink is designed to separate the two radically storm water runoff and oil breakdown when heavy rains. Submersible pump placed in the tank is responsible for all rainwater to be pumping out. Oil collection pit is to be used in case of trouble transformers, oil is released and gathered in oil collection tank for handling.

4.3.2. Mitigation measures for impacts not related to waste

4.3.2.1. Measures to prevent the influence of electromagnetic fields

The effect of the electromagnetic field at the station is assessed in detail in Section 3.1.2.2.1. Accordingly, affected subject of electromagnetic fields are the station operators.

Similarly to when the station is operating, the following measures shall be applied:

- Equip labor protection equipment for workers working in areas with high intensity electromagnetic fields.

- Carry out annual health examinations for staff officers to detect occupational diseases and propose preventive treatment measures in time

- Monitoring of electromagnetic fields in the station periodically to ensure electromagnetic field intensity in the station does not exceed 5kV / m for the electric field and 200 A / m for the magnetic field.




4.4. MEASURES FOR PREVENTION AND RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL

INCIDENTS

4.4.1. During the construction phase

4.4.1.1. The safety measures during construction

In the construction sector, the owners arrange staffs for tracking safety problems. The following measures can be taken:

- The processes and rules of construction techniques should be taken seriously.

- When digging, pit slopes to be open in accordance with norms, not sit or rest at the bottom of the pit.

- Workers on site to be equipped with safety labor protection, and learned about occupational safety while constructing on an electrical project

- Installation of electrical equipment and materials required to comply with the principles of equipment and materials from scratches and damage.

- Adjustment and experiments must be carried out in accordance with regulations for each type of equipment and materials.

- Medic staffs to stay regularly on site to provide first aid when needed

- The safety measures during the connection and commissioning of the system.

4.4.1.2. Prevention of connection and operation testing incidents

The construction of the power line must be ensured compliance with the provisions of the rules of the power equipment industry to ensure safety during the construction, installation and operation line.

- When using electric hand tools or pneumatic operation workers are not standing on the ladder, but lean or stand on shelves to ensure safety. For heavy equipment, must build scaffolding or other safe tools.

- Strict compliance under the rules of safe installation of electrical equipment. Transport workers installing electrical equipment are trained in safety regulations on transportation and installation of electrical equipment.

Before you close the power loop for testing grid and electrical equipment, stop all related work, while people and workers in the distribution room must stay out of danger areas.

When installing overhead structures, workers must comply with safety rules on safety clothing and belt.




When fires occur due to electrical problem, first of all, need to report a power cut then follow the normal procedures fire.

Installation of warning signs in necessary areas (high voltage pylons ...).

Educating local residential people in living area with wires passing lanes about safe corridors for power lines

4.4.1.3. Prevention, incidents response, fire safety

- Firefighting equipments in the field as sand, CO2 bottle, shovel ... Firefighting rules table accompanying.

- Training and raising awareness about firefighting

- Inspection, testing and maintenance of firefighting equipment, facilities periodically, get them ready for incidents

4.4.2. Operation stage

4.4.2.1. Measures to manage and operate safely the station

- Assigning specialized departments for operation, inspection, periodic maintenance of transformers and equipment in accordance with regulations.

- Making full profile operating track records of station equipment. All of the abnormal phenomenon, the breakdown of machinery and recorded equipment must track.

- If occurs one of the following cases, shut down the transformers from operation

Motor with lousy noise, abnormal and shaking inside;

Temperature raises abnormally and continuously in normal and stable load condition;

Oil leaks out of secondary oil bottle, or out of safety valve;

Oil level of transformer tank is down below the regulations and continues to going down;

Oil color abruptly changes;

Input porcelain cracks, discharge electrics on the surface or oil depleting

- If the transformer is overload, and the temperature is raised too high, there must be adjustment and the load must be declined

- If oil temperature or transformer coil temperature raised too high, the temperature must decrease by checking transformer’s load, environment temperature and cooling devices




- If the oil level goes down below the required regulations, need to check the transformer for the reason of oil leak. If reasons are found, solutions must be promptly proposed the incidents. Also the leaked oil must be handled, avoiding surrounding environment pollution or causing explosion.

4.4.2.2. The safety measures

- There are rules and regulations for safe operation of the station.

- Periodically improve the operation of the station staff.

- Regular inspection and maintenance of station equipment, especially power equipment.

- Equipped with protective equipment for operating personnel.

- Operating staff must fully implemented, strict regulations on work safety and operational management. Perform work mode shares, stock manipulation and procedures for working as prescribed.

- In case of problems, must establish barriers to prevent the device from the power section to work. In the transmission parts, electrical distribution equipment must hang warning signs to inform the dangerous position, not allowed to go back and work at it.

- When working on high, officers and employees must be health checked before work attire must ensure safety as protective clothing, hats, shoes, wear seat belts according to regulations.

- Health Examinations annual for workers and staff.

4.4.2.3. Fire prevention, rescue incidents, fire safety

- Building fire prevention plan as prescribed by the Hanoi fire prevention and fighting police;

- Firefighting diagrams for the station is hung on the lobby of administration building;

- The device must include fixed fire protection equipment such as fire water tank, piping system, water pumping, fire pumping control panel and mobile devices such as fire extinguishers are placed around the station, at the prone position and easy to manipulate fire when fire occurs;

- Officers and employees of the stations have to attend a short training and firefighting rehearsal, ensure proficient use of fire prevention and fighting facilities when necessary;




- Regular inspection and maintenance of fire protection equipment;

- Establishment of the rescue team action in case of fire incidents;

- To build incident oil tank, with sufficient volume to contain the incident oil running off. The tank is installed underground, solid building with fire resistant materials. Oil tank is designed with the volume of 100 m3 so that be able to accommodate the entire amount of oil in three transformers when incident occurs. On the other hand, the tank is designed with two compartments with sinking pumps, storm water runoff and oil will be separated if the incident occur while it is raining;

- Periodic inspection of grounding and earthing of equipment and lines to ensure safe and avoid power leakage out;

- Lightning protection system with earthing wire uniform also been renovated with new replacement of transformer.

4.4.2.4. Others

- Develop and promulgate adequate operating procedures for equipment and machinery of the station, and tied in many locations to ensure the safety corridors and electric grid;

- Attach the warning signs at dangerous spots to alert officials and staff;

- Building fence 2m to ensure the safety of buildings, prevent intrusion from outside as well as electrical incidents to the outside

- Measuring and monitoring the environment annually.




CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PROGRAM

5.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

During preparation and construction stage, a department exclusively in charge of environment of AMB will organize, supervise and monitor the implementation of solutions to environment protection of Contractor and report to relevant authorities.

During operation stage, a department exclusively in charge of environment of Power Transmission 1 Company will organize, supervise, monitor, test and report periodically to relevant authorities.

Environmental management program is described in detail in Table 5-1.

Environmental management is implemented to ensure control of environmental impacts and minimize damage. The aim of monitoring is to:

+ Test the accuracy of forecast and solutions to minimize impacts;

+ Ensure that solutions to minimize impacts will be implemented during stages of the project and control efficiency;

+ Detect, forecast impacts and propose solutions to minimize impacts.

Implementing environmental management in each project is compliant to the Vietnamese law and administration frame on environmental protection. Management and monitoring content should be defined based on type and impact level of each project.

Requirements towards construction contractor

Construction tender documents will include requirements of terms and conditions for the following impacts minimizing solutions:

- Implement solutions in construction sites of workmen’s huts to minimize negative impacts on environment such as air, ground, water, public health, etc.

- Implement rehabilitation and land utilization compensation according to the project’s requirements on compensation and rehabilitation;

- Solid and liquid waste during construction stage should be handled according to proposed minimizing solutions to fill up and dispose of;

- Improve the land affected by construction activities or related to construction that can be used;

- Set up construction schedule to reduce impacts on beneficiaries and require public consultation with affected organizations in order to acquire consensus of affected households;




- Contractors are responsible for minimizing and compensating for any land damage of farmers or other assets due to land excavation, based on specific conditions in contract negotiations;

- Restore temporarily used locations for construction activities after implementation; construct and hand over land as its status quo;

Departments involved in environmental management

- National Power Transmission Corporation is the Project Owner, responsible for monitoring the whole project through Project Management Unit – Northern Vietnam Power Projects Management Board

- Power Institute – Ministry of Commerce and Industry is the Consultant which has rights to chair investigation and establish Assessment on Environmental Impact.

- Project Management Unit – Northern Vietnam Power Projects Management Board works on behalf of Project Owner, responsible for coordinating with local areas in making plans, implementing construction plans as well as assessing, minimizing and monitoring engineering environment.

- Land Clearance Committee is in charge of consulting with management authorities in terms of monitoring, controlling detailed implementation plans, monitoring and supervising compensation, land clearance process according to plans approved in the Project’s Report on compensation and land clearance.




Table 5-1: Environmental management program

Stage

Project activities

Environmental impacts Constructions and solutions to environmental protection

Implementation budget

Implementation and accomplishment schedule

Implementation responsibility

Monitoring responsibility

1. Land preparation stage

Compensation, land clearance activities

- Cultivation land of 20 households is taken -Unsatisfactory compensation may affect local people and project schedule

- Establish Compensation and Land Clearance Committee - Land compensation is in accordance with present regulations and approved by Hanoi People’s Committee - Compensation is public and transparent

Compensation and Land Clearance Committee negotiates directly with local people and AMB

Before leveling land

Compensation and Land Clearance Committee of the local area

Local authorities, local people

Temporarily interrupt living habits, income due to unemployment of several local people

- Opinions of local people and authorities are taken to propose plans to minimize negative impacts of the project, including offering income compensation; loans for reproduction; support for local people to settle down and other support programs. - Employment opportunities are created for households, especially those affected due to loss of cultivation land and poor households. - Planning of building new rural society is consulted, in which, attention is paid to orientation to occupation switch for households losing agricultural land to participate in handicraft industry.

Included in compensation, land clearance expenses

The first stage of the project

AMB Local authorities, local people




Stage

Project activities






Land leveling and land preparation

Dust and exhaust emission due to land excavation and mechanical transportation vehicles will lead to negative impacts on air environment.

- Licenses issued by the Vietnam Register Department are required for transportation vehicles, machines and equipment; - Bodies of all transportation vehicles will be covered to prevent dust dissemination; - Transportation of materials or heavy equipment is done by professional lorries. Load of transportation vehicles must be checked before using. Fastening wires must be guaranteed and in compliant with safety regulations for transportation; - Watering construction site during hot, dry and windy days is a necessary solution to prevent dust pollution.

Included in land leveling expenses

During land preparation stage

Contractor and AMB

AMB/ Department of Natural Resources and Environment/ Local authorities/ CSMT




Stage

Project activities






Transportation of construction materials and construction waste

Increase pressure upon public transportation system: increase density of transportation vehicles, increase the risk of damaging and depressing pavement

- Regulate and arrange tasks properly to prevent blocking traffic, etc. - Do not overload vehicles carrying construction materials. Oversize and overload equipment must be carried by exclusive vehicles to prevent road base damage and depression. - Return landscape to its status quo in case of pavement damage and depression.



Contractor and AMB


Land leveling and transportation

The surrounding area is affected by noise

- All land leveling activities are carried out during the day; - Methods and equipment with low vibration and noise are used; - Vehicles carrying materials run with proper density to reduce noise. Horns are only used when necessary; - Transportation of raw materials and equipment during the night is minimized.



Contractor and AMB


Risks and accidents

Risks due to bombs and mines

- Bombs and mines are scanned and blasted before land preparation and land leveling

Included in land preparation and land leveling expenses

Before land leveling stage

Contractor and AMB

AMB/




Stage

Project activities






Fire and explosion, labor accidents, transportation accidents

- Contractors issue methods and regulations on labor safety and fire prevention and fire protection - The fuel area is planned, protected, covered, and watered to ensure moisture when the weather is hot. - Regularly check and maintain to ensure there is no leak.

Included in land preparation and land leveling expenses


Contractor Department of Natural Resources and Environment/ Local authorities/ CSMT




Stage

Project activities






2. Construction stage

Land excavation, land fill and transportation of materials

Dust and exhaust emission due to land excavation and land fill and mechanical transportation vehicles will lead to negative impact on air environment.

- Licenses issued by the Vietnam Register Department are required for transportation vehicles, machines and equipment; - Bodies of all transportation vehicles carrying materials and waste will be covered to prevent dust dissemination; - Transportation of materials or heavy equipment is done by professional lorries. Load of transportation vehicles must be checked before using. Fastening wires must be guaranteed and in compliant with safety regulations for transportation; - Watering construction site during hot, dry and windy days is a necessary solution to prevent dust pollution; - Grass is planted on long time no use or waste material piles.

Included in construction expenses

During construction stage

Contractor and AMB





Stage

Project activities






Increase pressure upon public transportation system: increase density of transportation vehicles, increase the risk of damaging and depressing pavement

- Regulate and arrange tasks properly to prevent blocking traffic, etc. - Do not overload vehicles carrying construction materials. Oversize and overload equipment must be carried by exclusive vehicles to prevent road base damage and depression. - Return landscape to its status quo in case of pavement damage and depression. Operation of

construction equipment

The surrounding area is affected by noise and waste

- All land leveling activities are carried out during the day; - Methods and equipment with low vibration and little noise are used; - Vehicles carrying materials run with proper density to reduce noise. Horns are only used when necessary; - Transportation of raw materials and equipment during the night is minimized



Contractor and AMB


Construction of the base of station

Construction waste such as stony ground, steel and iron, cement package cover and debris will affect natural landscape of the area if it is not gathered in specified places.

- Rubbish and construction waste are collected at construction site. - Construction waste is categorized for land leveling, selling waste or return to suppliers. - Return landscape to its status quo after construction.



Contractor and AMB





Stage

Project activities






Gathering labor for construction

Livelihood waste of the workforce will affect natural landscape of the area if it is not collected and handled according to requirements. It will also be a risk of water and land pollution. Livelihood sewage of a person is estimated at equivalent of 90% feed water capacity (120 liters/day). This livelihood sewage will pollute water environment if it is not collected and handled properly.

- Do not pour construction waste (stones, sand, etc.) into water source. These kinds of waste must be used for foundation leveling. The rest must be collected and gathered in specified places; - Prohibit pouring livelihood waste from workmen’s hut and construction site into water source. Livelihood waste will be collected and gathered in specified places in the substation and will be disposed and handled by the current system available in the area; - Coordinate with substation operating unit to arrange living conditions for construction workers. Livelihood sewage of construction workers will be handled in the same way as livelihood sewage of operation workers in the existing substation (handled by septic tank before discharging into the environment).

Collecting and transporting solid waste: 2 million VND/month


Contractor and AMB





Stage

Project activities






Workforce coming from other areas will interrupt the traditional living style of local people; thus, increase the risks of conflict between construction workers and local people.

- Utilize and train local workforce for proper tasks. - Establish regulations and control discipline for all workers in the construction site. - Report to and coordinate with local authorities to manage people working in the project site administratively to prevent social evils, minimize conflicts between workers and local people in the area.



Contractor and AMB


Risks and accidents

- Labor accidents - Risks of fire and explosion

- Apply safety methods during construction process; - Equip fire prevention and fire protection equipment at construction site; - Establish relief action force in case of fire; - Regularly practice fire prevention and fire protection; - Train and increase awareness of workers on fire prevention and fire protection; - Periodically check, maintain and register engineering equipment, fire prevention and fire protection equipment to be ready for relief in case of fire.



Contractor and AMB





Stage

Project activities






3. Operation stage

Operation of station

The surrounding area will be affected by noise

- When preparing bidding documents, requirements on noise level of transformer during operation (<70dBA within 3m) are specified in bidding documents. During bidding process, requirements on this noise level is considered as other requisite technical requirements; - Check and maintain the transformer periodically to ensure the transformer operates according to standards; - Supervise noise periodically in the station.

4,8 million VND/ year

Every year during the whole process of project operation

Power Transmission Company 1

Department of Natural Resources and Environment/ Local authorities/ CSMT

Oil residue will be generated when heat insulated oil filtering is required.

- Oil residue (if any) will be gathered by professional vehicle and carried to Power Transmission Company 1 for handling. The process of gathering and handling must be strictly in compliance with current regulations.

5 million VND/ time

When oil filtering in station is required

Power Transmission Company


Other activities in station

Oily wiper, scavenge oil, broken capacitors and batteries will affect quality of land and water in the area if they are not collected and handled properly

These wastes are gathered by professional vehicles and carried to Power Transmission Company 1 for handling. The process of gathering and handling must be strictly in compliance with current regulations.

5 million VND/ time

If necessary Power Transmission Company





Stage

Project activities






Electromagnetic field in the substation will affect the health of operation workers.

- Equip labor protective equipment for workers working in areas with high electromagnetic field. - Annual health checkup is carried out for officers and workers to timely find out professional diseases and offer prevention and curing solutions. - Supervise electromagnetic field periodically at construction site.

Periodic health check: 50 million VND/ year Monitoring of electromagnetic field: 15 million VND/ year

Every year during the whole process of project operation



Living conditions of operation workers

Livelihood water and solid waste will affect the area’s landscape and will be a risk to air and land environment if they are not collected and handled properly.

- Livelihood waste will be collected and gathered in the specified places in construction site, and will be disposed and handled according to the existing system in the local area; - Livelihood sewage of operation workers will be handled by septic tank before discharging into the environment.

2 million VN/ month

During operation stage






Stage

Project activities






Risks and accidents

- Labor accidents - Risks of fire - Depression of construction site

- Apply safety methods during the whole process of station management and operation; - Establish relief action force in case of fire; - Regularly practice fire prevention and fire protection; - Check and maintain equipment for fire prevention and fire protection; - Increase awareness of operation officers and workers on fire prevention and fire protection; - Base of transformer is designed based on topographic investigation results with consultation of documents on topography of the transformer area and its surrounding area. - Construction process must be strictly complied with design and technical regulations and procedures on foundation construction. - Periodically check quality of construction site, overcome depression on time.

Included in design, construction and station operation expenses

During design, construction and operation stage

AMB, Power Transmission Company 1





5.2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

During land preparation and construction stage, requirements on implementing solutions to minimize environmental impacts are included in contracts with construction contractors. Environment unit of Northern Vietnam Power Projects Management Board (AMB) will carry out tasks relevant to environment and supervise the implementation of environment protection activities of construction contractors. Besides, this unit will coordinate with other professional departments to carry out environmental monitoring program during construction process in order to monitor environmental impacts during construction process as well as evaluate solutions to minimize pollution.

When the project is in operation stage, Power Transmission Company 1 will coordinate with other professional departments to carry out environmental monitoring program in order to monitor impacts on environment as well as assess efficiency of solutions to handle and minimize pollution.

5.2.1. Environmental monitoring during land preparation and construction stage

The aim of the monitoring program during this stage is to:

- Assess environment quality in project area during land leveling and construction;

- Provide data for environment management and forecasts on changes of environment quality due to land leveling and construction.

1. Air quality monitoring

- Target: specify total suspended waste, total dust, SOx, NOx, CO gas, etc. in sensitive places and to assess the level of air pollution increase and the level of compliance with regulations on environment of the project.

- Location of checkpoints: 05 detailed checkpoints as in the following table:

Table 5-2: Location of checkpoints of air quality, noise and vibration during land

leveling and construction

Samplin

g code

Sampling locations

Coordinates

North latitude East longitude

K1 In the middle of 220kV station 20°58'55,76"N 105°38'41,66"E

K2 In the middle of the planned 500kV station

20°59'5,88"N 105°38'37,39"E

K3 By the ditch bank, on the fence in the Western side of the project

20°59'2,07"N 105°38'33,21"E

K4 By the dyke, on the fence in the 20°59'4,93"N 105°38'41,03"E




Eastern side of the project

K5 On Day river dyke where it meets up with the project area

20°59'7,52"N 105°38'49,16"E




<TO BE INCLUDED LATER> Figure 5-1: Location of environmental monitoring checkpoints – construction

stage




- Monitoring frequency: monitoring frequency during this stage is once every six months.

- Monitoring parameters: Temperature, humidity, wind speed, suspended dust, total dust, sulfate dioxide, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO).

- Standards to be measured up to: Surrounding air quality standard (QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT).

- Monitoring method: Vietnam standard methods are applied.

2. Noise monitoring

- Target: assess the level of compliance of contractors to noise standard in sensitive places near construction site.

- Location: 5 places as with air monitoring.

- Monitoring frequency: Noise level will be monitored once every six months or when there is feedback from local people.

- Monitoring parameters:

+ LAmin, is the lowest level of noise

+ LAeq is the mean level of noise

+ LAmax is the highest level of noise

+ LCpeak is the level of noise occured only in a short time when carrying out land excavation, land fill, pile driving.

Levels of noise are measured in 24 hours and are divided into 6 times, once every four hours.

- Methods: methods are in accordance with Vietnam standards.

- Standards to be measured up to: QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - noise standard for residential area with areas for commerce, service and production.

3. Vibration monitoring

- Monitoring target: targets of vibration monitoring are to define level of compliance with environment standards of construction and land leveling contractors in sensitive places near construction site.

- Location of monitoring checkpoints: in 3 locations K1, K2, K5 as shown in Table 5-2.

- Monitoring frequency: vibration monitoring will be carried out in each location with frequency once every six months or when there are feedbacks from local people.

- Measuring vibration: parameters to measure vibration are vibration acceleration.




- Monitoring methods: methods to measure vibration level are applied according to vibrometer user manual.

- Parameters to be measured up to: Vibration limit in QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT is 75dB respectively at two times, from 7h to 22h and from 22h to 7h.

4. Water quality monitoring

- Monitoring target: targets of water quality monitoring are to define the level of compliance with environment standards of land leveling and construction contractors in sensitive areas near construction site.

+ Surface water: 02 locations in irrigation channels in the area (before and after running through the project area).

+ Ground water (livelihood feed water): 01 location where ground water for livelihood is exploited.

+ Livelihood sewage (when septic tank system discharging into interior field is used) 01 location in the sluice discharging from sewage handling system into channels in the area.

Table 5-3: Locations of water quality monitoring during land leveling and

construction stage

Sampling code

Sampling locations Positions

North latitude East longitude

NM1 Water in channels and dykes for irrigation. Channels and dykes are around 4m wide, 1.2m deep before running through station area.

20°58'56,99"N 105°38'35,93"E

NM2 Water in channels and dykes for irrigation. Channels and dykes are around 4m wide, 1.2m deep after running through station area.

20°59'55,52"N 105°39'58,91"E

NN1 Water from drilled well for livelihood in the station area


+ Surface water: BOD5, COD, SS, DO, heavy metals (As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg, Fe, Mn, Se) and oil.

+ Ground water: Heavey metals (As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg, Fe, Mn, Se), SVOC, VOC and coliform.

+ Livelihood sewage: pH, BOD5 (20C), TSS, TDS, Sulphide (in H2S), Amoni (in N), Nitrat, (in N), Total phosphorus, Asen, Lead, Mercurous, Iron, Mn, Cd, Mineral oil, Total coliform.




- Monitoring frequency: once every six months, including surface water, ground water, livelihood sewage (if any), during the whole process of construction.

- Sampling and analysis methods: Procedures to take samples, maintain, transport and analyze water samples are in accordance with Vietnam standards.

- Standards to be measured up to:

+ Surface water: In compliance with QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT to assess concentration of pollutants in surface water;

+ Ground water: In compliance with QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT to assess concentration of pollutants in ground water in drilled wells of households surrounding the project area;

+ Livelihood sewage: In compliance with QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT on industrial sewage (pillar B).

5. Solid waste and dangerous waste monitoring

- Monitoring target: to control untidy disposal of waste, causing environment pollution, negatively affecting landscape and environment, as well as causing diseases.

- Monitoring frequency: once every three months during the whole construction process.

- Monitoring methods: check

+ How regular waste and dangerous waste are kept?

+ If regulations on specified places for waste disposal, temporary disposal pile are complied with?

+ If garbage containers are fully equipped and waste is categorized?

+ If professional companies are hired to handle waste periodically?

- Waste to be checked: livelihood waste, other solid waste from offices and construction site, such as paper, ink, broken electric bulbs, wipers, wooden cover, cardboard cover, bottles/ containers for chemicals, paints, etc.

- Dangerous waste: such as unusable chemicals, oil waste, battery cells, batteries, chemicals, dredged mud contaminated with drill liquid, etc.

6. Social elements monitoring

- Construction workers:

+ Supervise the compliance with regulations and rules on construction safety;

+ Supervise the compliance with regulations and rules on fire prevention and fire protection;

+ Implement periodical health checkup for workers.




- Impacts on society in the local area:

Monitoring location: residential area in the Southern area of the project

Monitoring elements:

+ Living standards and infrastructure

+ Employment and income

+ Health conditions and recent common diseases

+ Impacts due to the construction of the station on local people

+ Public relationship and level of satisfaction towards current living conditions.

5.2.2. Environment monitoring during operation stage

During operation stage, environment quality in the station area can be affected due to the operation of the station and other auxiliary systems. In order to assess the quality development of environment components and the capacity to meet up with QCVN, Planning on environment monitoring during operation is made with the following contents.

1. Air environment quality monitoring:

- Monitoring target: to define quality of air environment in the substation area.

- Monitoring location: 04 locations in departments in the substation area and in the station area and transformer area.

- Monitoring parameters: Dust, Noise, Gas, Toxic gas (CO, NOx, SOx, O3, organic solvent).

- Monitoring frequency: once every six months during the whole project.

- Methods to take samples and analyze: Procedures to take samples, maintain, transport and analyze water samples are in compliance with Vietnam standards.


+ For dust, CO, NOx, SOx, O3:QCVN 05:2010/BTNMT;

+ For noise: QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT;

+ For gas, toxic gas and organic solvent: QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT.

2. Water quality monitoring:

- Monitoring target: to define level of compliance with environment standards during the operation stage of station.

+ Surface water: 02 locations in irrigation channels in the project area (before and after running through the project area).




+ Ground water (livelihood feed water): 01 location where ground water is exploited for livelihood of workers in the construction site.

+ Livelihood sewage (when septic tank system discharging into interior field channels is used): 01 location in sluice discharging from sewage handling system of the station into receiving environment.




<TO BE INCLUDED LATER> Figure 5-2: Location of environmental monitoring checkpoints – construction

stage





+ Surface water: Electric conductance (EC), BOD5, COD, SS, DO, heavy metals (As, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg, Fe, Mn, Se) and oil.

+ Livelihood feed water (ground water): pH, TDS, Sulphide, Ammonium, Nitrate, Phosphorous, Total Coliforms.

+ Livelihood sewage: pH, BOD5 (20C), TSS, TDS, Sulphide (in H2S), Ammonium (in N), Nitrate, (in N), Total phosphorous, Asen, Lead, Mercurous, Iron, Mn, Cd, Mineral oil, Total Coliform.

- Monitoring frequency: once every six months, including surface water, livelihood feed water, livelihood sewage during the whole process of construction.

- Methods to take samples and analyze: Procedures to take samples, maintain, transport and analyze water samples are in accordance with Vietnam standards.


+ Surface water: In compliance with QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT to assess concentration of pollutants in surface water;

+ Livelihood feed water (water from drilled wells): In compliance with QCVN 01:2008/BYT on water quality for eating and drinking;

+ Livelihood sewage: In compliance with QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT on industrial sewage (column B).

3. Electro magnetic field monitoring

- Monitoring target: to monitor electro magnetic field to assess impacts of the project on the intensity of electro magnetic field in the project area and its surrounding area.

- Monitoring locations: monitoring is carried out in the station including 40 locations: 04 locations in offices within the substation, and 36 locations in outdoor equipment area.

- Monitoring parameters: Electric field and magnetic field.

- Monitoring frequency: once every six months during the whole project operation.

- Standards to be measured up to: Standard QĐ183 NL/KHKT.

4. Solid waste and dangerous waste monitoring

- Monitoring target: to control untidy disposal of waste, causing environment pollution, negatively affecting landscape and environment, as well as causing diseases.

- Monitoring frequency: once every three months during the whole construction process.

- Monitoring methods: check

+ How regular waste and dangerous waste are kept




+ If regulations on specified places for waste disposal, temporary disposal pile are complied with

+ If garbage containers are fully equipped and waste is categorized

+ If professional companies are hired to handle waste periodically

- Waste to be checked: livelihood waste, other solid waste from offices and construction site, such as paper, ink, broken electric bulbs, wipers, wooden cover, cardboard cover, bottles/ containers for chemicals, paints, etc.

- Dangerous waste: such as unusable chemicals, oil waste, battery cells, batteries, chemicals, etc.

- Operation of cinder pile is checked: transportation of cinder, atomizing system to moisturize cinder pile, compaction and land fill to prevent dust, etc.

5. Monitoring of social elements and environment risks and accidents

a. Fire risks monitoring:

- Monitoring elements: supervise the compliance with regulations on fire prevention and fire protection, operation conditions of transformer, break-down oil resevoir, electric equipment in the substation.

- Monitoring location: in the whole station

- Means of monitoring: by eyes

b. Monitoring social and healthcare issues:

- Construction workers in the substation:

+ Supervise the compliance with regulations and rules on construction safety, experiment before operation to ensure safety, procedure to check and maintain machines and equipment;

+ Supervise and check working conditions of workers and officers in the substation;

+ Implement periodical health checkup for workers,

+ Report scheme and statistics of workers having occupational disease and accidents at work are in place.

- Impacts on society in the local area:

Monitoring location: residential area in the South area of the project

Monitoring elements:

+ Living standards and infrastructure

+ Employment and income




+ Health conditions and recent common diseases

+ Impacts due to the construction of the station on local people

+ Public relationship and level of satisfaction towards current living conditions.

5.2.3. Budget estimation for environment monitoring

Budget estimation for environment monitoring of the station during operation stage is shown in detail in the following table:

Table 5-4: Budget estimation for environment monitoring

No. Content Amount

Land leveling and construction stage

1 Air (5 locations x 2 times/year x 2,000,000 VND/sample)

20,000,000 VND

2 Noise, vibration (5 locations x 2 times/year x 1,000,000 VND/time)

10,000,000 VND

3 Surface water (2 locations x 2 times/year x 2,000,000VND/sample)

8,000,000 VND

4 Livelihood sewage (01 location x 2 times/year x 3,000,000VND/sample)

6,000,000 VND

5 Ground water (1 location x 2 times/year x 2,000,000VND/sample)

4,000,000 VND

6 Solid waste and dangerous waste 30,000,000 VND

Sum 78,000,000 VND

Operation stage

1 Air, vibration (4 locations x 2 times/year x 2,000,000 VND/sample)

16,000,000 VND

2 Livelihood feed water (1 location x 2 times/year x 2,000,000VND/sample)

4,000,000 VND

3 Sewage (1 location x 2 times/year x 3,000,000VND/sample)

6,000,000 VND

4 Surface water (2 locations x 2 times/year x 2,000,000VND/sample)

8,000,000 VND

5 Solid waste and dangerous waste 30,000,000 VND

6 Electro magnetic field observation (15,000,000 VND/time x 2 times/year)

30,000,000 VND

Total 172,000,000 VND




CHAPTER 6: PUBLIC CONSULTATION

According to guideline of Decree No. 29/2011/NĐ-CP dated 18/04/2011 of Government stipulating about strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, environmental protection commitment and Circular No. 26/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 18/07/2011 of MONRE, the Owner had Document No. 4029 dated 04/12/2012 about “Public consultation during progress of making environmental impact assessment report of West Hanoi 220kV substation construction investment Project enclosing with brief document about principal investment items, environmental issues, environmental protection solutions of project being sent to Dong Quang commune.

The Developer had received reply document No. 08/CV-UBND dated 22/1/2013 of people’s committee of Dong Quang commune about public consultation of project.

6.1. ADVICE OF PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF DONG QUANG COMMUNE

Advice about environmental issues of people’s committee of Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai town, Hanoi capital according to Document No. 08/CV-UBND dated 22/1/2013 (Annex 4) as follows:

1. About negative impacts of project on natural and economic-social environment

- During construction period, area surrounding substation will be impacted of dust, fume and noise caused from construction actitivies.

- During operation period, residents living around substation can be impacted of electro magnetic field on health and safety. Besides, when this station being put into operation, amount of domestic and harmful wastes produced will influence on living environment of local residents.

2. About solutions to diminish negative impacts of project

- The Developer must seriously conform to diminution solution showed in report. Permit criteria stipulated in environmental protection law must be obeyed during project implementation progress.

- Guarantee the health for local civil and workers, overcome environmental problem timely.

- Harmful wastes generated from project must be treated in accordance with regulation.

- Electro magnetic field in the substation is obliged to monitor by the Owner to not influence on health of civil in accordance with stipulation.

3. Suggestions to the Developer as follows:




In general, local residents agree with West Hanoi 220kV substation construction policy, but the Owner needs do the followings during construction progress:

- Carrying out seriously solutions presented in the report, doing additional measures arised from project implementation progress.

- Allowable criteria regulated in environmental protection law must be followed during project implementation progress.

- Trying to finish construction items timely to not affect on local civil.

- Guarantee the health for local civil and workers, especially children.

- Overcome environmental problems timely to ensure the security for resident.

6.2. REPLY AND COMMITMENT OF THE PROJECT DEVELOPER TO

SUGGESSION OF PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE

Reply to suggestion of people’s committee of Dong Quang commune, the Owner expresses as follows:

- Commit to implement sufficiently environmental impact diminution solutions during construction and operation period as presented in environmental impact assessment report.

- Conform to current standards during operation period as: not pollute the environment, not affect on life of local residents.

- Not leak power out surrounding environment, especially in raining and storm season.




CONCLUSION, SUGGESSION AND COMMITMENT

1. CONCLUSION

After investigating actual state of the environment; assessing impacts on natural, economic-social environment; particular impacts of West Hanoi 220kV substation project being summarized as follows:

a. During leveling period

- Leveling progress will cause air and noise pollution surrounding project zone. However, impaction range of these impacts not very large and just last within 2.5 months

- This substation will occupy about 6ha rice field of 20 households with about 50 labours of Yen Noi hamlet. If there is no suitable occupation change orientation programe, all of these labours will be unemployment affecting on life and social security of locality because most of them are farmers.

b. During construction period

- Transporting material and execution activities at construction site will cause dust and noise impacting on surrounding environment, but this impaction level is low and temporary in construction period.

- Workers concentrating to construct will cause domestic waste water and hard waste impact on soil, water environment and surrounding landscape if they are not collected and treated timely. However, generated waste amount is not much, generated range places inside existing station, so these wastes will be collected and treated like wastes generated from existing station.

c. During operation period

- Operations of transformer and other equipment inside the station will cause noise and electro magnetic field affecting on health of operaters. On the other hand, harmful wastes as hear insulating oil, oily wiper, damaged capacitor and battery, etc. can be gererated with small amount and not frequent.

- Activities of workers will cause domestic waste water and hard waste.

- In addition, industrial accident, detomating combustion, etc. can happen and cause lost of people and properties.

From all above features, it is can evaluate that environmental impact level of project during construction and operation period is small and diminished if the Developer follows sufficiently diminution solutions and environmental supervision management plan.




2. SUGGESSION

This project contributes in reinforcing power supply ability for West Hanoi load to meet load growth speed of this area after 2012 and impulse local economic development. Therefore, project implementation is necessary and in accordance with development demand of country.

Project implementation is necessary as well as impacts of project on environment is at low level, can be controlled and diminished. So we suggest Natural resource and environment department consider and approve Environmental impact assessment of project, make favorable to carry out the project.

3. COMMITMENT

1. The Developer commits to implement negative impact diminution solutions presented in chapter 4; simultaneously carry out all of common environmental protection measures, regulations relating to project implementation progress.

2. The Developer commits to implement environmental management and supervision presented in chapter 5 and commitments with community presented in chapter 6.

3. The Developer commits to guarantee the safety during substation operation progress as follows:

- Not leak power out surrounding environment, especially in rainy and storm season;

- Equip sufficiently protection and safety device of electric industry for personnnel of station.

4. The Developer commits to construct and operate project items in accordance with current regulations, standards as follows:

a. To water quality:

- Domestic feeding water quality (for drinking, cooking): being conformed to QCVN 01:2009/BYT – National technical standard about domestic water.

- Surface water quality: being conformed to QCVN08:2008/BTNMT – National technical standard about surface water.

- Underground water quality: being conformed to QCVN09:2008/BTNMT - National technical standard about underground water.

- Quality fo domestic waste water and overflow rain-water inside substation range: being conformed to QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National technical standard about industrial waste water.




b. To surrounding air quality:

- Dust quality: being conformed to QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT - National technical standard about surrounding air quality.

- Fume, poison gas (CO,NOx,SOx, O3, organic solvent): being conformed to QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT and QCVN 20:2009/BTNMT.

- Noise: being conformed to QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT – National technical standard about noise.

- Vibration: being conformed to QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT – National technical standard about vibration level.

5. The Owner commits to compensate and overcome environmental pollution in case project implementation causes environmental problems.

6. Commitment of the Owner: if environmental criteria are broken and environmental problems are happened during operation of project, the Owner will entirely take responsible according to Vietnamese law.

E4420 V13 REV - World Bank Documents

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