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THRepublic of the Philippines

Department of EducationRegional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

HEALTH

Quarter 3 – Module 2:Disease Prevention and Control

(Common Communicable)

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Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________

Name of School: ___________________________

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Module 2 Disease Prevention and Control ( Common Communicable)

Communicable diseases are illness caused by viruses or bacteria that people spread to one

another through contact with contaminated areas/surfaces, bodily fluids, blood products, insect

bites, or through the air. Prevention and control of communicable diseases have several

implications and unnerving challenges not just to the government but to the marginalized sector

as well, these have been a global health issues and concerns. To address and combat these health

problems, several health protocols and policies have enacted by the governing bodies.

Thus, in this time of Pandemic with the emergence and re-emergence of COVID 19, the

topic/s of this module are very timely and somewhat related to what we are experiencing today

and will actually be of great help not just to the students, but to everyone in preventing the

widespread of these communicable diseases. This module was crafted to aid the students grasp

and learn the most essential competencies as listed below:

1. analyze the nature of emerging and re-emerging diseases (H8DD-IIId-e-20);

2. demonstrate self-monitoring skills to prevent communicable diseases (H8DD-IIIf-h-

21);

3. promote programs and policies to prevent communicable diseases (H8DD-IIIf-h-22);

4. identify agencies responsible for communicable disease prevention and control

(H8DD-IIIf-h-23).

This learning material focuses on the following:

Nature of emerging and remerging diseases

Self-monitoring skills to prevent communicable diseases

Programs and policies to prevent and control communicable diseases.

Agencies responsible for communicable disease prevention.

As you could remember, on the previous module you have learned the stages of infection and

Communicable diseases that focused on the signs and symptoms. So, let us deepen our know-how

as we venture to this module.

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What I knowHi, welcome back! Let’s see how well informed are you on the

nature of some communicable diseases. Let’s get started!

Activity 1: Common Communicable diseases

A. INRG MRWO _________ B. ECAN ___________

C. AHTELTE’S TOOF ___________ D. WRATS _________ E. CKOJ TICH__________

Disease Description1. It is the most common skin problem among teenagers characterizes by

red/black spots on the face.2. Characterized by a ring pattern usually causes a very itchy rash. The outer and

middle part is very reddish and the ring in-between is whitish.3. Are the most common of dermatologist complain, slightly contagious, and

spread rapidly to other parts of the body by touching them or shaving aroundinfected area. Characterized by small black or brownish hard grown skin.

4. Characterized by itchy, red rash on the genital, inner thighs, and buttocks.5. It is caused by fungus that grows on or in the top layer of the skin, looks like

burn skin. It is reddish, itchy and scaly. Grows best on the areas between toes.

What’s In

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters of each disease and write your answer in the space next toit, then match it to its description on the table below write only the letter of the correct answerbefore each description.

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Activity 2: Recall, recall!

Directions: Read each question carefully then write the letter of the BEST answer on the spacebefore each number.

1. Which of the following is the leading cause of death in developing countries such asPhilippines?

A. Malaria B. HIV/AIDS C. Tuberculosis D. Influenza

2. Which of the following are the signs and symptoms of influenza?

A. bad odor and itchiness, difficulty of breathing B. fever and bad odor

C. fever, colds, body pain, chills and joint pains D. redness and swelling

3. How can one prevent communicable diseases such as Tuberculosis (TB)?

A. by proper hygiene, diet, exercise, enough sleep and vaccination

B. by constant hand of washing, sanitizing and wearing of masks

C. by taking tablets, capsules and liquid medicines

D. by taking herbal and alternative medicines

Read the stages of infection on the box below then answer question number 4

4. Which of the following shows the chronological order of the disease infection process?

A. IV-III-II-I B. III-IV-II-I C. I-II-III-IV D. II-III-I-IV

5. Which of the following statement is NOT true about common communicable diseases?

A. Eating vegetables boost your immune system thus, does not mean free from infections.

B. Anti-flu vaccines can give me flu and are dangerous for pregnant women.

C. Constant hand washing and proper sanitation may prevent a person from infections.

D. Focus on rehabilitating the sick person to prevent long-term complications.

I. Convalescene stage is the recovery stage.

II. Illness stage is when specific severe signs and symptoms appear.

III. Incubation stage is when a person acquires the pathogen.

IV. Prodromal stage is the start when there are non-specific signs and symptoms occur like fever.

What’s New

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Activity 3: How true?

Directions: Write T if the statement is true, and F if otherwise.______1. A person can acquire HIV/ AIDS from using intravenous syringe used by the

infected person.______2. Most sexually transmitted infections can be treated and cured without medical

attention.______3. If an HIV/AIDS woman gives a normal birth to a child, her child may have a

greater chance of being infected too.______4. A person always knows when he or she has a sexually transmitted infection.______5. People who get sexually transmitted infections have a lot of sex partners.______6. All types of sexually transmitted disease can be cured.______7. Parental consent is needed before you are treated for a sexually transmitted

disease if you are under 18 years of age______8. You can have no symptoms, yet be infected with a sexually transmitted disease

and be able to pass it on to someone else.______9. You can get several sexually transmitted diseases at one time.______10. A Person having sexually transmitted disease can donate blood.______11. It is safe to use the unwashed towel of a person having ringworm.______12. Athlete’s foot is cause by virus.______13. Warts are contagious disease.______14. Malaria and dengue are vector-borne transmitted diseases.______15. Jock itch is characterized by bad odor, reddish and swelling of the soles.

Let’s try some more!

Activity 4:Choose Me!Directions: Read each item comprehensively, then choose the best answer.1. Which of the following Republic Act is otherwise known as the Philippine AIDSLaw.

A. R.A 7719 B. R.A 7394 C. R.A 8504 D. R.A 84232. Which of the following refers to the tiny microorganisms that causes many of themost common diseases?

A. bacteria B. pathogens C. virus D. protozoan3. Which of the following is health habit that contribute to good health?

A. drinking water direct from faucetB. boiling water before drinkingC. Not washing the hands before and after eatingD. seeing the doctor only when necessary

4.How can one prevent him/herself from contracting helminth disease?A. by eating good food C. by maintaining cleanlinessB.by taking medicine D. by taking a bath everyday

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Study the chain of infection on the box below then answer item number 5.

5. Which of the following has the correct order of the Chain of infection?A. I, II, III, IV C. I, IV, III, II, VB. II, III, I, IV D. IV, III, II, V

Let us now discuss What is it phase and validateyour answers on activity 3.

Lesson 1: Agents of emerging and re-emerging diseases

TYPES OF PATHOGEN NATUREPATHOGEN Many of the most common diseases are caused by tiny

microorganisms called PATHOGEN. Pathogen infects orinvades the body and attacks its cells and tissues. Somebacteria, rickettsias, fungi, protozoans, certain types ofworms, and all viruses are pathogens.

BACTERIA Bacteria are one-celled microscopic organisms that rankamong the most widespread of living things. Some are smallthat a single grain of soil may contain over 100 million ofthem. In order to live, all bacteria must have a food supply, aswell as suitable temperature, moisture, and darkness.saprophytes bacteria digest non-living food materials such asmilk and meat.

TOXIN BACTERIA Botulism is a food poison that live in the soil. Once they enterthe body through a wound, they can cause tetanus or lockjaw.Other bacteria cause pneumonia. Resident bacteria live in thehuman, mouth, intestines, and on our skin.

RESIDENT BACTERIA This help us protect from harmful bacteria, Lactobacili foundin the gastro-intestinal tract, produce lactic acid from simplecarbohydrates. Coliform bacilli, found in the intestines, helpbreak down carbohydrates and combat disease-causingbacteria. Resident bacteria cause infections when they movefrom where residents are. Example is the bacteria in themouth which moves to the ear thus, causing ear infection.

What Is It

I. Reservoir which can be a living or non-living objectII. A susceptible host who has low immunity resistanceIII. Microorganism then enters the body through the portal entryIV. Microorganism leaves the reservoir through a portal exitV. Passed through a direct or indirect mode of transmission.

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RICKETTSIAS Rickettsias are organisms that are considered intermediate,that is, somewhere between a virus and a bacterium. Most ofthem grow in the intestinal tracts of insects, which carry themto their human hosts. This requires living cells in order togrow and multiply. Blood sucking insects, such as lice, mites,and ticks carry rickettsias to humans. Typhus fever a rockymountain spotted fever are diseases caused on these.

VIRUS Viruses are small, simple life-like forms from one half to 100the size of a bacteria, are the human body’s worst enemies,attack specific types of cells.Examples: 1. rabies virus-brain cells, 2. polio virus attacksthe nervous system, 3. Cold virus-respiratory system, 4. Viralhepatitis-caused-affects the liver, 5. Mumps andmononucleosis-caused by virus which infect glandulartissues, 6. Smallpox, chicken pox, shingles, and warts causedby viruses that attack the skin tissues.

FUNGI Fungi are saprophytes simple organisms that cannot maketheir own food. Many lives on dead animals, insect, andleaves. Lives in dark, damp environments.Common fungi a. yeast and b. mushrooms. Disease-producing fungi invade mainly deep tissuesof the hair, nails, and skin. Fungi cause infections of thescalp, such as ring worm, and of the feet, suchas athlete’s foot. Pathogenic fungi can also cause braininflammation and serious lung infections.

PROTOZOANS Protozoans are single-celled organisms that are larger thanbacteria and have a more complex cellular structure. Most ofthese are harmless and they are most common in tropicalareas that have poor sanitation. They cause malaria, Africansleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery, a severe intestinalinfection.

PARASITIC WORM

Parasite | HealthDictionary426 x 399 | 38.5 KBwww.beltina.org

A worm is classified as a parasite a disease-causing organismthat lives on humans or another animal and derives itsnourishment from its host. Lice live on humans; bacteria andviruses live either on humans or in animals; parasitic wormshelminths live in humans. Helminth eggs contaminate food,water, air, feces, pets, wild animals, and objects such as toiletseats and door handles, through the mouth, nose, and anus.Once inside the body, helminth eggs usually lodge in theintestines, hatch, grow, and multiply.Common helminths and the problems:Roundworms hatch and live in the intestines.Symptoms of their presence include fatigue, weight loss,irritability, poor appetite, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Canbe cured of about a week. Without treatment, anemia andmalnutrition can develop.Pinworms/seatworms and threadworms hatch and live

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primarily in the intestines. The eggs usually enter the bodythrough the anus, nose or mouth through inhaled air orfingers that have touched a contaminated object. Symptomsof their presence include anal itching, pale skin, and stomachdiscomfort. If pinworms enter the vagina, discharge anditching may develop, hence do not cause seriouscomplications. Curable within days.

Tapeworm

Malaria

Trichina spiralis lives in the intestines and causes a seriousillness known as trichinosis. Eggs enter the body via raw orundercooked pork, sausage, or bear meat. The eggs hatch andmature in the intestines and migrate to other parts of the bodythrough the bloodstream and the lymphatic system, penetratethe muscles, the heart, and the brain and can cause death.Recovery may take several months, Symptoms:a.Vomiting b.diarrhea c.abdominal crampsd.high fever e.puffiness of the face f.muscle painCure: antiworm drug such as thiabendazole, bed rest andphysician's care.Tapeworm lives in the intestines. The eggs enter the bodyvia raw or uncooked beef. Symptoms abdominal pain,fatigue, weight loss, and diarrhea. Curable within days.Fluke live in different locations in the body; intestines,bladder, rectum, liver, spleen, lungs, and veins. Infectedpersons can re-contaminate the water by urinating ordefecating in it. Symptoms rash, itching, muscle aches,coughing, chills, and fever. Present in these countries Africa,parts of South America, Caribbean, parts of the Middle East,China, and the Philippines. Prevention frequent washing ofhands, frequent cleaning of bathrooms and kitchens, andthorough cooking of the food they infest -- mainly beef, pork,sausage, and bear meat. Water supplies should be chlorinated.

Lesson 2: Sexually-transmitted infection

Sexually-transmitted infection or STI, also known as sexually-transmitted disease (STD) is acommunicable disease that is spread by a pathogen (disease-causing organism) from one personto another person through exchange of bodily fluids during sexual contact. A person who has asexual relationship with someone who is infected can get one or more of these diseases. SomeSTIs can be treated successfully but many STIs such as HIV/AIDS still have no cure but can beprevented. Symptoms (depending on each person) Some STIs don’t have any signs or symptoms,one of every 10 people can have STIs but be asymptomatic.

Signs Symptoms an infected person may experience the ff: discharge from the genitals warts blisters or sores in the genital area

rash painful urination flu- like symptoms.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal communicable disease with noeffective treatment or known cure the final stage of infection caused by the human

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immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV enters the body it attacks the body’s immune system.Infections are Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare but deadly type of skin cancer, recurrent pneumonia, andtoxoplasmosis within the brain. Nearly everyone with HIV develops AIDS.HIV can be found in the following body fluids:

blood semen,

vaginal fluids and, breast milk of infected person.

Early symptoms; rash sore throat

fever and, tiredness.

Lesson 3: Government Agencies and Policies on Prevention and Control of communicableDiseases

Republic Act 8504 also known as the Philippine Aids LawThe Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 or RA 8504 is the

government’s response to the threat of HIV/AIDS in the country. The Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC) shall oversee an integrated and

comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDS prevention and control in the Philippines.

RA 7719 or the Blood Services act of 1994.This law protects and promotes public health through provisions related to blood

donation. The government promotes voluntary blood donation as a humanitarian act. Severalrequirements are needed to ensure a clean and safe blood supply.

This law lays down the legal principle that the provision of blood for transfusion is aprofessional medical service and not a sale of a commodity. They establish scientific andprofessional standards for the operation of blood collection units and blood banks/centers in thePhilippines.

CHAIN OF INFECTIONA. mode of transmission B. pathogen C. portal of entryD. portal of exit E. reservoir F. susceptible host

Activity 5: Am I right or wrong?

Directions: Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if otherwise.______1. Organisms like bacteria and viruses are all over the environment.______2. Many of the most common diseases are caused by tiny microorganisms called

pathogens.______3. Communicable diseases come from one infected person to another.______4. Stomach ache is one symptom that can be manifested by a communicable disease.

What’s More

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______5. Viral hepatitis is caused by a virus that affects the liver.______6. Rabies virus can enter only the brain cells while polio virus attacks only the nervous

system.______7. Malaria is a sickness caused by a carrier mosquito.______8. Pinworms hatch and live primarily in the intestines of a person.______9. Stagnant water is a reservoir for mosquitoes to multiply.______10. It is the nature of pathogens to invade its host through certain points of entry to cause

morbidity.

Activity 6: Which is which?

Directions: Identify the pictures of the causing agents of re-emerging diseases from its name onthe box below, then write only the letter of your choice on each number.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

Let us see how far have you learned from the previous activities and discussions.

Acitivity 7: Bacteria Invasion

Directions: Identify the word/s being described in the statements below write only theletter of your choice on the space after each number taken from the box.1. ____________is an organism with the ability to cause diseases. The greater the

organism's virulence (ability to grow and multiply), invasiveness (ability to enter tissues),and pathogenicity (ability to cause diseases), the greater the possibility of infection.

2. _____________ is a place where microorganisms can thrive and reproduce. For example,microorganisms thrive in human beings, animals, and inanimate objects such as water,table tops, and doorknobs.

A. Bacteria B. Protozoan C. Virus D. Parasitic Worms E. Malaria

What I Have Learned

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3. __________________ provides a way for a microorganism to leave the reservoir. Forexample, the microorganism may leave the reservoir through the nose or mouth when someonesneezes or coughs.

4._____________________ in the mode of transmission, is the method by which the organismmoves from one host to another. The mode of transmission is contact, droplet, air-borne, food-borne/water-borne, Vector-borne (usually insect).

5. __________________ membranes, or breaks in the skin. Tubes placed in body cavities, suchas urinary catheters, or from punctures produced by invasive procedures such as intravenousfluid replacement can also serve as portal of entry.

6. __________ a person who cannot resist a microorganism invading the body due to immunityof physical resistance to overcome the invasion by the pathogenic microorganism.

7. ____________are one-celled microscopic organisms that ranked among the most widespreadof living things.

8. ____________ are organisms that are considered intermediate, that is, somewhere between avirus and a bacterium.

9. ____________are small, simple life-like forms from one-half to 100 the size of a bacteria.

10. ___________are simple organisms that cannot make their own food. Many live on dead,animals, insects and leaves.

A. MODE OF TRANSMISSION B. BACTERIA C. FUNGI D. RESERVOIRE. PORTAL OF ENTRY F. PORTAL OF EXIT G. VIRUSH. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST I. PATHOGENS J. RICKETTSIAE

What I Can Do

Acitivity 8:What to do, What to do?

Directions: Read the situations at the middle column then decide which of the provided actions onthe box in the next page belong to the column what I should do or the column What I shouldNOT do.Write the action on the appropriate column.What I should do Scenarios What I should NOT do

1. After playing an outdoor game, you were tiredand thirsty.2. Swimming class is over. You have changed yourclothes and have to deal with your hair.

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A. Drink from somebody’s bottle/glassB. Use my own comb and won’t share it with othersC. Not to share my towel or use other’s towelD. Share my pair of socks with others or use others socksE. Be lazy in washing my hands before and after using them.F. Do not use the share make up with othersG. Use different combH. Avoid close contact with herI. Avoid sharing the same utensils with othersJ. Sanitize and change clothes

3. You and your friends sat on a bench after asweaty basketball.4. Your brother is anxious because he cannot findhis favorite pair of socks which is the same socksyou are about to use.5. your team won the game. You shook hands withyour oppenents to show sportsmanship.6. Your friend has TB, your about to eat hence,there’s only one pack lunch available.7. Psyche, your sister is having measles.8.You have a ringworm. You and Your friend isleaving together and sharing the same bath towel.9. You and your friend sharing a make up kit.10. your little niece used to borrow comb.

Directions: Read the items carefully and choose the best answer.1. Infection is a disease caused by germs that enters our body. Infection has three stages. What

happens on the first stage?A. it is the start from the onset of the non-specific signs and symptomsB. it is the period starting from the entry of pathogens until the appearance of the firstsignC. is an interval when acute symptoms of infection disappearD. begins when more specific signs and symptoms appear

2. Which among the following agencies is responsible for the prevention and control ofcommunicable diseases?

A. Department of Labor and Employment C. Department of EducationB. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources D. Department of Health

Read the scenario in the box below to answer item number 3 and 4

Assessment

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Cavite is one of the places in Luzon that has always been affected by flood during typhoon orrainy season. It was reported last year that most of the houses are soak in stagnant water.People had no choice but to walk and even swim to reach the destination. After few days ofcontinuous rain, there was a report regarding the leptospirosis outbreak in the area

3. Based on the given scenario, what causes leptospirosis?A. the disease is caused by a pathogen called leptospiraB. it is caused by a number of bacteria called leptospiralC. the disease is caused by a fungal infectionD. it is caused by a viral infection

4. Based on the given scenario, how can an individual acquire the disease?A. it is when an individual was able to drink water from the floodB. it is when an individual walk in the flood with a body of dead animalC. when unhealed wound in contact with water or soil where animal urine is presentD. when unhealed wound got soak in the flood and or watery areas

Read the situation on the box below then answer item number 5Catriona had a conversation with her classmates and one of them keeps on sneezing from timeto time. On the following day she already had slight fever and cough. She just ignored it untilsuch time she is experiencing chest pain, confusion, sweating, shaking, and her cough gotsevere with phlegm.5. Based on the symptoms given, which among the following common communicable diseasesis being identified on the given scenario?

A. bronchitis C. acute respiratory infectionB. pneumonia D. leptospirosis

6. The following statements below are the different steps on how to prevent and control thecommunicable disease called Pneumonia EXCEPT:

A. get enough sleepB. eat right with plenty of fruits and vegetableC. wash your hands regularlyD. keep on smoking the smoke will give you more air

Study the scenario on the box below then answer question number 7Jenny’s youngest son named Pedro used to play in their backyard around the bushes. One dayPedro went home feeling uneasy because of the bites on skin that he got from playing at thebackyard. On the following days Pedro already had a fever with headache, nausea, anxiety,irritability and rashes consisting of small spots.7. Based on the symptoms mentioned, which among the following emerging and re-emergingdiseases does Pedro has?

A. Meningococcemia B. Foot and Mouth disease C. Chikungunya D. Leptospirosis

Read the scenario on the box below then answer question number 8Filipinos love to eat rice in every meal. During special occasions, Fatty and salty foods arepresent like roasted pork, barbeque chicken, steak, and many more. It is considered to be specialduring celebrations that these foods are visible on the table.8. One of the leading causes of death in the Philippines is Hypertension. Based on the givenscenario on the box, what do you think is the reason why most of the Filipinos have acquiredHypertension?

A. because most of the Filipinos used to eat more rice in every occasionB. because most of the Filipinos used to eat fatty and salty foodsC. because most of the Filipinos who has hypertension runs in their bloodD. because most of the Filipinos got mad immediately and that’s the start of hypertension

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9. Which among the following steps is not included in the prevention and control ofcommunicable disease called Tuberculosis?

A. talk to someone who has a TBB. cover your face with a maskC. air out rooms regularlyD. provide education on preventing TB like cough etiquette

10. Infection is a disease caused by germs that enters our body. Infection has three stages. Whathappen on the last stage of infection?A. it is the start from the onset of the non-specific signs and symptomsB. it is the period starting from the entry of pathogens until the appearance of the firstsignC. is an interval when acute symptoms of infection disappearD. begins when more specific signs and symptoms appear

Congratulations, for completing the module 2 of the third quarter health!

REFERENCES

Physical Education and Health -Grade 8, Learners Module First Edition, 2013

Glenco. Glenco Health: A guide to wellness. Glenco/Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company.,May 1, 2001, pages 250-255.

Glenco. Glenco Health: Chapter 23 Causes of Communicable Diseases.Glenco/McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.

State of New Jersey. New Jersey Comprehensive Health Education and PhysicalEducation Curriculum framework (Chapter 8 –Sample Learning Activities) 1996-2010.

WEBSITEPicture Clips- www.healthline.com/health/skin disorder, retrieved September 26,2012

www.mayoclinic.com/health, retrieved September 26, 2012 www.sciencephoto.com,

ph.images.search.yahoo.com, retrieved September 26, 2012 & Oct. 24, 2012

Acne Prevention, www.topsites.4u.net, retrieved October 24, 2012

Kidshealth.org/parent/infections/fungal/ringworm, retrieved October 25, 2012

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Chain of Infections – Michelle Ziegler, Contagions, wordpress.com, retrieved September 26,2012

Disease process, faculty.irsc.edu, retrieved October 24, 2012

En.wikipedia.org/wiki/infection, retrieved September 26, 2012

Picture Clips- www.healthline.com/health/skin disorder, retrieved September 26, 2012

Ph.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images, retrieved September 26, 2012

DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Writer: Janice L. Cadugdug

Editor: Gilbert B. Benitez

Language Editor: Janice L. Cadugdug

Proof Reader: Jerra Mae S. Circulado

Illustrators: Odezza G. Acuña

Layout Artist: Ahmad A. Abubakar

Management Team:Julieto H. Fernandez, Ed. D., CESO VI

SDS-Isabela City

Maria Laarni T. Villanueva, Ed. D., CESE

ASDS-Isabela City

Henry R. Tura, CID Chief

Elsa A. Usman, LR SupervisorJani P. Ismael, EPS-MAPEH, Module Coordinator

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Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula Hymn – Our Eden LandHere the trees and flowers bloomHere the breezes gently blows, Herethe birds sung Merrily,The liberty forever stays.

Here the Badjaos roam the seas.Here the Samals live in peaceHere Tausogs thrive so treeWith the Yakans in unty.

Gallant men and ladies fair linger withlove and careGolden beams of sunrise and sunsetAre visions you’ll never forgetOh! That’s Region IX

Hardworking people abound, everyvalleys and dale

Hardworking people abound, everyvalets and daleZamboangueños, Tagalogs, Bicolanos,

Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanons, Boholanos, Ilongos.All of them are proud and true.Region IX our Eden Land

Region IX Our…Eden…Land…

My Final FarewellFarewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd Pearlof the Orient seas, our Eden lost!,Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best, Andwere it brighter, fresher, or more blestStill would I give it thee, nor count the cost.

On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight,Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed; Theplace matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white, Scaffoldor open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight,T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need.

I die just when I see the dawn break,Through the gloom of night, to herald the day; And if coloris lacking my blood thou shalt take, Pour'd out at need forthy dear sakeTo dye with its crimson the waking ray.

My dreams, when life first opened to me,My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high, Were tosee thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea From gloomand grief, from care and sorrow free; No blush on thybrow, no tear in thine eye.

Dream of my life, my living and burning desire, All hail !cries the soul that is now to take flight; All hail ! Andsweet it is for thee to expire ;To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire; And sleep inthy bosom eternity's long night.

If over my grave some day thou seest grow, In the grassysod, a humble flower,Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so,While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below Thetouch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm power.

Let the moon beam over me soft and serene, Let the dawnshed over me its radiant flashes, Let the wind with sadlament over me keen ; And if on my cross a bird should beseen,Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes.

Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest Let somekind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh, And in the stillevening a prayer be lifted on high From thee, 0 mycountry, that in God I may rest.

Pray for all those that hapless have died,For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain; For ourmothers that bitterly their woes have cried,For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried Andthen for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain

And when the dark night wraps the graveyard around Withonly the dead in their vigil to seeBreak not my repose or the mystery profoundAnd perchance thou mayst hear a sad hymn resound ' T isI, O my country, raising a song unto thee.

And even my grave is remembered no more Unmark'd bynever a cross nor a stoneLet the plow sweep through it, the spade turn i t o' er Thatmy ashes may carpet earthly f loor,Before into nothingness at last they are blown.

Then will oblivion bring to me no care As over thy valesand plains I sweep;Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and airWith color and l ight, with song and lament I fare, Everrepeating the faith that I keep.

My Fatherland ador' d, that sadness to my sorrow lendsBeloved Filipinas, hear now my last good -by!I give thee all: parents and kindred and friendsFor I go where no slave before the oppressor bends,Where faith can never kill, and God reigns e' er on high!

Farewell to you all, from my soul torn away,Friends of my childhood in the home dispossessed! Givethanks that I rest from the wearisome day!Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that lightened my w ay;Beloved creatures all, farewell! In death there is rest!

I Am a Filipino, by Carlos P. RomuloI am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to theuncertain future. As such I must prove equal to a two-fold task–the task of meeting my responsibility to the past, and the task ofperforming my obligation to the future.

I sprung from a hardy race, child many generations removed ofancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries the memorycomes rushing back to me: of brown-skinned men putting out tosea in ships that were as frail as their hearts were stout. Over thesea I see them come, borne upon the billowing wave and thewhistling wind, carried upon the mighty swell of hope–hope in thefree abundance of new land that was to be their home and theirchildren’s forever.

I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes–seed that flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage anddefiance. In my veins yet pulses the same hot blood that sentLapulapu to battle against the first invader of this land, that nervedLakandula in the combat against the alien foe, that drove DiegoSilang and Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign oppressor.

The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark ofmy manhood, the symbol of dignity as a human being. Like theseeds that were once buried in the tomb of Tutankhamen manythousand years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear fruit again.It is the insignia of my race, and my generation is but a stage inthe unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.

I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West.The East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity andendurance, was my mother, and my sire was the West that camethundering across the seas with the Cross and Sword and theMachine. I am of the East, an eager participant in its spirit, and inits struggles for liberation from the imperialist yoke. But I alsoknow that the East must awake from its centuried sleep, shake offthe lethargy that has bound his limbs, and start moving wheredestiny awaits.

I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge shall Igive that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I shall give thepledge that has come ringing down the corridors of the centuries,and it shall be compounded of the joyous cries of my Malayanforebears when first they saw the contours of this land loombefore their eyes, of the battle cries that have resounded in everyfield of combat from Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of mypeople when they sing:

―I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest untilfreedom shall have been added unto my inheritance—for myselfand my children and my children’s children—forever.‖