EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE

BY GLASS POWDER

ABSTRACTGlass is used in many forms in day-to-day life. It has limited life span and after use it is either stock piled or sent to landfills. Since glass is non-biodegradable, landfills do not provide an environment friendly solution. Hence, there is strong need to utilize waste glasses. Many efforts have been made to use waste glass in concrete industry as a replacement of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement. Its performance as a coarse aggregate replacement has been found to be non-satisfactory because of strength regression and expansion due to alkali-silica reaction. The research shows that there is strength loss due to fine aggregate substitution also. The aim of the present work was to use glass powder as a replacement of fine aggregate to assess the pozzolanic activity of fine glass powder in concrete and compare its performance with concrete strength materials like sand. A series of tests were conducted to study the effect of 100% replacement of sand by glass power, on compressive strength and durability in the form of capillary absorption. The particle size effect was evaluated by using glass powder of size 300µm-150µm and glass powder of size less than 100µm. The present study shows that waste glass, if ground finer than 100µm shows a behaviour. The early consumption of alkalis by glass particles mitigate alkali-silica reaction hence increase durability of concrete.

INTRODUCTION Glass is a transparent material produced by melting a mixture of materials such as silica, soda ash, and CaCO3 at high temperature followed by cooling during which solidification occurs without crystallization.

Glass is widely used in our lives through manufactured products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing.

Glass is an ideal material for recycling. It helps in brick and ceramic manufacture, and it conserves raw materials, reduces energy consumption, and the volume of waste sent to landfill.

LITERATURE REVIEW

LITERATURE REVIEWUSE OF GLASS WASTE AS FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE

THE USE OF SHEET GLASS POWDER AS FINE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT IN CONCRETE

GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE USE IN CONSTRUCTION

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WASTE GLASS POWDER AS POZZOLANIC MATERIAL IN CONCRETE

USE OF GLASS WASTE AS FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE

S.P.Gautham, Vikas Srivastava and V.C.AgarwalCivil Engineering Dept.,SHIATS(formerly AAI-

DU),Allahabad,UP,India.The increasing awareness of glass recycling speeds up inspections on the use of waste glass with different forms in various fields.

One of its significant contributions is to the construction field where the waste glass was reused for concrete production.

The application of glass in architectural concrete still needs improvement. Laboratory experiments were conducted to further explore the use of waste glass as coarse and fine aggregates for both ASR (Alkali-Silica-Reaction) alleviation as well as the decorative purpose in concrete.

The study indicated that waste glass can effectively be used as fine aggregate replacement (up to 40%) without substantial change in strength

THE USE OF SHEET GLASS POWDER AS FINE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT IN CONCRETE M. Mageswari1,* and Dr. B.Vidivelli

Research Scholar, Structural Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai nagar, 600 002, Tamilnadu, India.

Sheet glass powder (SGP) used in concrete making leads to greener environment.This paper examines the possibility of using SGP as a replacement in fine aggregate for a new concrete. Natural sand was partially replaced (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) with SGP. Fineness modulus, specific gravity, moisture content, water absorption, bulk density, %voids, % porosity (loose and compact) state for sand (S) and SDA were also studied. The test results indicate that it is possible to manufacture concrete containing Sheet glass powder (SGP) with characteristics similar to those of natural sand aggregate concrete provided that the percentage of SGP as fine aggregate is limited to 10-20%, respectively.

GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE USE IN CONSTRUCTIONEng. Pshtiwan N. Shakor*, Prof. S. S. Pimplikar

M.E. Civil (MIT) College, Sulaimaniyah International Airport, Iraq.Head and Professor of Civil Eng. Dept., MIT College, Pune.

 

Glass-fibre reinforced concrete (GRC) is a material made of a cementatious matrix composed of cement, sand, water and admixtures, in which short length glass fibres are dispersed. It has been widely used in the construction industry for non-structural elements, like façade panels, piping and channels. GRC offers many advantages, such as being lightweight, fire resistance, good appearance and

strength. In this study trial tests for concrete with glass fibre and without glass fibre are conducted to indicate the differences in compressive strength and flexural strength by using cubes of varying sizes.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF WASTE GLASS POWDER AS POZZOLANIC MATERIAL IN CONCRETEProf. Asha Patel Ankur Meena & Randheer Singh

Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India.

Since glass is non-biodegradable, landfills do not provide an environment friendly solution. Hence, there is strong need to utilize waste glasses. The aim of the present work was to use glass powder as a replacement of cement to assess the pozzolanic activity of fine glass powder in concrete and compare its performance with other pozzolanic materials like silica fume and fly ash. A series of tests were conducted to study the effect of 15% and 30% replacement of cement by silica fume, fly ash and glass powder on compressive strength. The present study shows that waste glass, if ground finer than 100μm shows a pozzolanic behavior. It reacts with lime at early stage of hydration forming extra CSH gel thereby forming denser cement matrix and hence increase durability of concrete.

MATERIALS USED 

Ordinary Portland CementCoarse AggregateFine AggregateWaterGlass powder

VARIOUS TESTS CONDUCTED

Consistency Test on CementInitial and Final Setting Time of CementFineness Test on cementDetermination of Specific Gravity of sandDetermination of Specific Gravity of Coarse AggregateTest for Determination of Aggregate Impact ValueTest for Determination of Aggregate Crushing ValueSlump cone testCompaction factor testVee-bee consistometer

Physical Properties of cement

SI. NO PROPERTIES VALUE PERMISSIBLE LIMITS AS PER IS – VALUES

1

2345

Normal ConsistencyInitial setting TimeSpecific gravityFineness of cementCompressive strength after 28days

30%

30min3.1537.5%48N/mm2

25% - 30%

>30min3.150<10%>43N/mm2

Physical Properties of Fine Aggregate

SI. NO PROPERTIES VALUEPERMISSIBLE LIMITS AS PER IS – VALUES

1

2

Specific Gravity by

using pycnometerSpecific Gravity by

using density bottle

2.68

2.71

2.60 - 2.80

2.60 – 2.85

Physical Properties of coarse Aggregate

SI. NO PROPERTY VALUE PERMISSIBLE LIMITS AS PER IS – VALUES

1

2

3

4

Specific Gravity

Water Absorption

Impact Value

Crushing Value

2.72

0.86%

13.99%

26.33%

2.60 – 2.80

>4%

<30%

<30%

Properties of Glass powder

Properties Waste glassSiO2 (%)CaO (%)MgO (%)Al2O3 (%)Fe2O3 (%)SO3 (%)Na2O (%)K2O (%)Cl (%)Density

Compr. str. for 28 days (MPa)

70.2211.13-

1.640.52-

15.29--

0.802.42-

PROCEDURE:

Initially batching of the ingredients by weight batching as per the requirements for 1:2:4 mix (M15), 1:1.5:3 mix (M20) 1:1:2 mix (M25) is done according to the data mentioned in the mix proportion table.The replacement proportion of sand with glass powder is 100%The concrete is prepared for sand as well as for glass powder.Mix ingredients in mixer.The fresh concrete was cast in 150*150*150 mm cube mould.The specimens remolded after 24 hrs.The specimens were allowed for water curing by immersing the cube in water tankThe compressive strength of the cubical specimens were measured at 7th 14th 28th day.

  

M15 GRADE CONCRETE

Tables of Compressive strength of 7 days curing concrete cube (with glass powder)

Compressive strength of 7 days curing concrete cube (with sand)

Specimen number Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 470*1000 470*1000/150*150 20.88

2 150*150 450*1000 450*1000/150*150 20

3 150*150 455*1000

455*1000/150*150 20.22

Specimen number Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 420*1000420*1000/150* 150=18.6

Tables of Compressive strength of 14 days curing concrete cube (with glass powder)

Compressive strength of 14 days curing concrete cube (with sand)

Specimen number

Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N\mm2

1

150* 150 520*1000 520*1000/150*150 = 23.11

2

150*150 530*1000 540*1000/150*150 = 23.55

3 150*150 500*1000

545*1000/150*150 =22.22Specimen number Area of

concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 480*1000 480*1000/150* 150 =21.33

Tables of Compressive strength of 28 days curing concrete cube (with glass powder)

Compressive strength of 28 days curing concrete cube (with sand)

Specimen number Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 570*1000 570*1000/150*150 = 25.33

2 150*150 580*1000 580*1000/150*150 = 25.77

3 150*150 575*1000

575*1000/150*150 =25.55Specimen number Area of

concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 550*1000540*1000/150* 150 =24

M20 GRADE CONCRETE

Tables of Compressive strength of 28 days curing concrete cube (with glass powder)

Compressive strength of 28 days curing concrete cube (with sand)

Specimen number Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 450*1000 450*1000/150*150 = 20

2 150*150 460*1000 460*1000/150*150 = 24.44

3 150*150 450*1000

450*1000/150*150 =20Specimen number Area of

concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 430*1000430*1000/150* 150 =19.11

Tables of Compressive strength of 14 days curing concrete cube (with glass powder)

Compressive strength of 14 days curing concrete cube (with sand)

Specimen number Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 550*1000 550*1000/150*150 = 24.44

2 150*150 560*1000 560*1000/150*150 = 24.88

3 150*150 560*1000

560*1000/150*150 =24.88Specimen number Area of

concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 500*1000500*1000/150* 150 =22.22

Tables of Compressive strength of 28 days curing concrete cube (with glass powder)

Compressive strength of 28 days curing concrete cube (with sand)

Specimen number

Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1

150* 150 590*1000 590*1000/150*150 =26.22

2

150*150 570*1000 570*1000/150*150 = 25.33

3 150*150 580*1000

580*1000/150*150 =25.77Specimen

numberArea of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 500*1000570*1000/150* 150 =25.33

M25 GRADE CONCRETE

Tables of Compressive strength of 7 days curing concrete cube (with glass powder)

Compressive strength of 7 days curing concrete cube (with sand)

Specimen number Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 530*1000 530*1000/150*150 = 23.55

2 150*150 540*1000 540*1000/150*150 = 24

3 150*150 500*1000

500*1000/150*150 =22.22

Specimen number Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 350*1000490*1000/150* 150=21.77

Tables of Compressive strength of 14 days curing concrete cube (with glass powder)

Compressive strength of 14 days curing concrete cube (with sand)

Specimen number

Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1

150* 150 550*1000 550*1000/150*150 = 24.44

2

150*150 570*1000 570*1000/150*150 = 25.33

3 150*150 550*1000

550*1000/150*150 =24.44Specimen

numberArea of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 550*1000540*1000/150* 150 =24

Tables of Compressive strength of 28 days curing concrete cube (with glass powder)

Compressive strength of 28 days curing concrete cube (with sand)

Specimen number

Area of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1

150* 150 600*1000 550*1000/150*150 =26.66

2

150*150 620*1000 550*1000/150*150 = 27.55

3 150*150 630*1000

540*1000/150*150 =28Specimen

numberArea of concrete cube in mm2

Ultimate load in N

Compressive strength in N/mm2

1 150* 150 610*1000610*1000/150* 150 =27.11

NO. OF

CURING

DAYS

GRADE OF

CONCRETE

M15 M20 M25

GLASS

POWDER

SAND GLASS

POWDER

SAND GLASS

POWDER

SAND

7 DAYS 20.3 18.6 22.96 21.33 25.33 24

14 DAYS 21.48 19.11 23.25 22.22 25.77 22.22

28 DAYS 23.25 21.77 24.73 24 27.4 27.1

Summarisation of M15, M20 and M25 grade values

Comparison of 7,14,28 days curing concrete cube using glass powder VS sand for grade M15

7 days 14 days 28 days0

5

10

15

20

25

glass powdersandColumn1

Comparison of 7,14,28 days curing concrete cube using glass powder VS sand for grade M

20

7 days 14 days 28 days19

20

21

22

23

24

25

glass powdersandColumn1

Comparison of7,14, 28 days curing concrete cube using glass powder VS sand for grade M25

7 days 14 days 28 days0

5

10

15

20

25

30

glass powdersandColumn1

Comparison of 7 days, 14 days and 28 days curing concrete using glass powder

M15 M20 M250

5

10

15

20

25

30

7 days14 days28 days

Comparison of 7 days, 14 days and 28 days curing concrete using sand

M15 M20 M250

5

10

15

20

25

30

7 days14 days28 days

S.NO.

Material Required Volume (m3)

Unit Price m3

Amount(Rs.)

1 Cement 0.395 5120 2022.42 Gravel 0.828 565 467.823 Sand 0.414 1100 455.44 Glass

Powder0 0 0

5. Water 0.177 0 06. Workmanshi

p200 200

7. Overhead Cost

50 50

Total cost of production for 1.0 m3

3195.62

The cost of production of concrete without using glass powder is 3195.62

COST ANALYSIS

S.NO.

Material Required Volume (m3)

Unit Price m3

Amount(Rs.)

1 Cement 0.395 5120 2022.42 Gravel 0.828 565 467.823 Sand 0 0 04 Glass

Powder0.414 0 0

5. Water 0.177 0 06. Workmanshi

p200 200

7. Overhead Cost

50 50

Total cost of production for 1.0 m3

2740.22

The cost of production of concrete with complete replacement of sand by glass powder is Rs.2740.22Percentage Savings of 13% was achieved for 100% glass powder replacement.

CONCLUSIONCompared to fly ash concrete, finer glass powder concrete has slightly higher early strength as well as late strength.

The smaller particle size of the glass powder has higher activity with lime resulting in higher compressive strength in the concrete mix.

Micro structural examination shows that glass powder produces a denser matrix which improves the durability property of concrete.

The results obtained from the present study shows that there is great potential for the utilization of best glass powder in concrete as replacement of sand.

The fine glass powder can be used as a replacement for expensive materials like silica fume and fly ash.

REFERENCEs.p.gautham, vikas srivastava and v.c.agarwalcivil engineering dept.,shiats(formerly aai-du),allahabad,up,india.the use of sheet glass powder as fine aggregate replacement in concretem. mageswari1,* and dr. b.vidivelliresearch scholar, structural engineering, annamalai university, annamalai nagar, 600002, tamilnadu, india.glass fibre reinforced concrete use in constructioneng. pshtiwan n. shakor*, prof. s. s. pimplikarm.e. civil (mit) college, sulaimaniyah international airport, iraq.head and professor of civil eng. dept., mit college, pune.comparative study of waste glass powder as pozzolanic material in concreteprof. asha patel ankur meena & randheer singh department of civil engineering, national institute of technology rourkela, india.utilization of solid wastes (waste glass and rubber particles) as aggregates in concreteyunping xi, yue li, zhaohui xie, and jae s. lee university of colorado, boulder, co 80309, usa.