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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons

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cited.

OPEN ACCES-RESEARCH ARTICLE

Developmental stages of cultivated strawberry flowers in relation to

chilling sensitivity

Maria Teresa Ariza1, Carmen Soria1, and Elsa Martínez-Ferri1,*

Dr. E. Martínez-Ferri

Received: 30 September 2014; Revised: 18 December 2014; Accepted: 30 January 2015

AoB PLANTS Advance Access published February 6, 2015 b

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ABSTRACT

Fragaria ananassa

F. ananassa

F. vesca

F. ananasa

F. vesca

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Keywords: C Fragaria

ananassa

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INTRODUCTION

et al.

et al

et al et al.

Fragaria ananassa

et al.

et al

et al

et al.

et al.

et al

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et al

et al. et al.

F ananassa

F.

vesca

et al.

F. vesca

et al F. ananassa

F. ananassa

F. ananassa

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METHODS

Plant material

Flower bud size and days to anthesis

Flower development

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et al

et al

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Effect of chilling on floral development

et al

in vitro

et al

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et al

et al

et al

Statistical analysis

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The morphology and development of the flower in F. xananassa

F. ananassa

F. ananassa

et al

F. ananassa

F. vesca et al

F. ananassa

F. vesca

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F. ananassa

Male gametophyte development

et al.

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et al

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et al

et

al. et al.

et al

et al

et al

et al

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Pistil and female gametophyte development

et al

F. vesca

et al F.

ananassa

F.

vesca et al

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et al

et al

et al

Effect of chilling on floral development: critical periods

et al

et al

F. ananassa

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et al

et al

et al

et al

et al

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et al

et al

et al

et al.

CONCLUSIONS

F. ananassa

F. ananassa

F.

vesca et al

F. ananassa

Rosaceae,

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SOURCES OF FUNDING

Andalucía se mueve con Europa

CONTRIBUTIONS BY AUTHORS

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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LITERATURE CITED

Arum alpinum Annals of Botany

Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzüchtung

Acta Horticulturae

Acta Horticulturae

Fragaria ananassa Annals of

Applied Biology

Plants in Action: Adaptation in Nature,

Performance in Cultivation. 2nd Edition. :

Handbook of Fruit Set

and Development

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Triticum aestivum Plant Cell and Environment

American Journal of Botany

Rhizobium meliloti Planta

Zea mays

Plant Physiology

Vitis vinifera Australian Journal of Grape and

Wine Research

Capsicum annuum Plant, Cell and

Environment

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American Journal of Botany

Small fruit crop management

Strawberries

Journal of Horticultural Science and

Biotechnology

Plant

Physiology

Annals of Botany

Fragaria vesca Planta

in vitro

Fragaria x ananassa

Folia Horticulturae

Plant Microtechnique

Plant Cell Physiology

Journal of Plant Research

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Hortscience

XVIII Jornadas Agrícolas y Comerciales de

El Monte

Scientia

Horticulturae

Naturwiss

Journal of Horticultural

Science and Biotechnology

Collomia grandiflora

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

In vitro

Sciencia Horticulturae

Journal of Horticultural Science

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Plant, Cell

and Environment

Lycopersicon peruvianum Caryologia

Microspores: evolution and ontogeny

Functional Plant Biology

Plant, Cell and Environment

Horticultural

Reviews

Phaseolus vulgaris Plant, Cell

and Environment

Introduction to Fruit Crops

HortScience

,

Prunus armeniaca Annals of Applied Biology

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Journal of Crop Production

International Journal of Fruit Science 10

Proceedings of the Crop Science

Society of Japan

Passiflora edulis flavicarpa

Passifloraceae Genetics and Molecular Biology

Tratado de botánica

Pollen: Biology, Biochemistry, Management

Journal of the

American Society of Horticultural Science

Morphology of flowers and inflorescences

Genes and Development

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Handbook of

Seed Science and Technology

The Plant Cell

Journal of Experimental Botany

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FIGURE LEGENDS

Figure 1.

Days before anthesis

P n

Figure 2

(A) (B)

(C) n

Length of outer anthers

Length of inner anthers Pollen grain diameter

Length of apical carpels

Length of basal carpels

Figure 3 F. ananassa

(A-E) (F)

(G) (H-J) (K-L) (M-O), (P-U)

(V-Z)

Figure 4 F. ananassa

(A) (B-C) (D)

(E-H) (I) (J-L) (M-P) (Q-T)

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Figure 5.

P n

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Germinated pollen (%)

Unviable pollen (%)

Inmature stigmas (%)

Aborted ovules (%)

Number of pollen grains

F. ananassa

F. vesca et al F. vesca

F. vesca

F. x ananassa

F. x ananassa

7 Endothecium, middle layer and tapetum arise from parietal cells. Pollen mother cells appear.

Round carpel primordia reach the receptacle apex. No cell differentiation of epidermal layer.

8

9

Indented carpel walls MMC might be visible.

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11

13

F. vesca

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