Developing Whole-Class Interactive Teaching
Transcript of Developing Whole-Class Interactive Teaching
Research Students’ Annual Conference (RSAC) 2012
18 April, University House, University of Leeds
School of Education FACULTY OF EDUCATION,SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LAW
Research Students’ Annual Conference
18 April, University House, University of Leeds
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Welcome
We are pleased to welcome you to the Ninth Research Students Annual Conference (RSAC 2012) of
the School of Education. This is an important annual event in the School’s calendar as it brings
research students together to present various aspects of their studies in a friendly and supportive
environment. As has been the case in previous years, we are sure that the presentations will prove to
be varied, interesting and stimulating.
We are delighted to welcome Professor Jerry Wellington as the keynote speaker for this year’s
conference. We also welcome research students from the University of York and the University of
Sheffield and, in addition, a group of Masters students from the University of Leeds. The organising
committee wishes to thank the research students who have volunteered to make presentations and
also encourage those who were not able to present today to take advantage of such opportunities in
the future.
Finally, because this event is organised ‘by students for students’, we invite research students to
volunteer to serve in the committee that will organise the RSAC for the year 2013.
We hope that you enjoy the day.
Thank you.
The Organising Committee:
Research Students Staff Abdullah Alnutaifi Aleksandra Szweda Chung Gilliland Alexander Zlatopolskis Emma Gillen Maggie McPherson Ibrar Bhatt Susan Long Jackie Salter Katie Gathercole Laura Grassick Shanna Saubert Simon Caruana
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The Programme 9.15-9.45 Registration, Tea and Coffee
9.45 -10.00 Welcome Address - Professor Geoff Hayward, Head of School of Education
Great Woodhouse Room Chair – Chung Gilliland
St George Room Chair – Abdullah Alnutaifi
Cloberry Room Chair – Shanna Saubert
10.00-11.05 David Brining The Experience of Teaching English to Young Learners
Simon Webster Longitudinal Case Study Data Generation
Rebecca Warburton Continuous and Discrete Knowledge: Analysing Trainee Secondary Teachers’ Mathematical Content Knowledge Change through ‘Knowledge Maps’
Miguel Angel Urbina Garcia Preschool Transition to First Grade in Mexico: Preschool and Primary First Grade Teachers´ Perceptions
Paul Colewood Qualitative Data Analysis? Quite Demanding, Actually
Helen Morris ‘It’s Still Science but not like Normal Science’: Girls’ Responses to the Teaching of Socioscientific Issues
11.05-11.25 Coffee/Tea Break
Great Woodhouse Room Chair – Katie Gathercole
St George Room Chair – Jackie Salter
Cloberry Room Chair – Ibrar Bhatt
11.25-12.15 Masauda El-aswed Single-Sex Islamic Schools and Parental Choice: An Investigation into Muslim Parents Motivations for Choosing these Schools
Maha Saeed Halabi Understanding Tutors’ Perception about the Distance Language Learning Program (DLLP) and its Role in the Development of Learners’ Autonomy: An Empirical Study at King Abd-Alaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad Lodhi Data Collection in a Pakistani Public University: Experiences and Challenges
Irene Vanderpuye Piloting Inclusive Education in Ghana: Parental Perception and Involvement
Omeir Alenezi Academic Staff Perceptions of the Management of Decision-Making Processes
Rose Usoro Educational Decentralisation and its Implications for Teacher Leadership in Senior Secondary Schools in Nigeria
12.15- 13.15 Lunch
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Great Woodhouse Room Chair – Rebecca Warburton
St George Room Chair – Chung Gilliland
Cloberry Room Chair – Helen Morris
13.15-14.20 Ibrar Bhatt Digital Literacies and their Layered Multiplicity: A Doctoral Study
Taha Rajab Developing Whole-Class Interactive Teaching: The Interaction Patterns of Syrian EFL Teachers
Rachael Sharpe Secondary School Students’ Attitudes to School Practical Work in Biology, Chemistry and Physics in England
Richard Gresswell Teacher Identity and Blogging
Clare Wardman Teachers’ Views on Provision of Support for Children with English as an Additional Language in UK Primary Schools
Shaista Shirazi
Student Experience of School Science and its Relationship to Post-16 Science Take-Up
14.20-14.40 Coffee/Tea Break
14.40-15.30 Dr. Maggie McPherson introduces the key note speaker
Professor Jerry Wellington: What is a ‘Doctorate’ and What Makes a ‘Good’ Doctoral Thesis? – Varying Perspectives
15.30-15.45 Closing comments – Dr. Maggie McPherson
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Abstracts
Name David Brining Email
Title The Experience of Teaching English to Young Learners
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A belief that ‘younger is better’, parental ambitions and a desire for new
‘business opportunities’ has fuelled a demand for YL teachers by private
language teaching providers. Many of these teachers, however, have neither
formal training nor qualifications appropriate for teaching children (the CELTA
does not train teachers to work with YLs). Moreover, they may have no desire to
teach YLs at all and are ‘persuaded’ to do so by their managers. There may be
little in-service training or support, leaving teachers reliant upon more
experienced colleagues or ‘self-help’ to develop techniques and learn about
resources.
My research, illuminative in nature and blending quantitative and qualitative
data, investigates the experiences, attitudes and motivation of such teachers.
Key considerations include professional development provision including
qualification enhancement and in-service training, promotion, specialisation and
the decisions teachers make at different stages of their careers.
Since the project is at an early stage, this presentation will discuss the research
aims and rationale, key research questions, design and methodology, some data
collection instruments, some very early survey findings and an outline of the next
steps in the process and seek feedback on the project itself.
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Name Miguel Angel Urbina Garcia Email
Title Preschool Transition to First Grade in Mexico: Preschool and Primary First Grade Teachers´ Perceptions
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Transition from preschool to first grade has been an interesting topic for many
researchers worried about the promotion of an adequate adaptation process for
children entering primary grades. This topic has been widely investigated by
worldwide researchers highlighting the importance of this process not only for
children, but for their families and teachers. Moreover, research have stated
both the negative and positive outcomes of this process in preschool and first
grade children`s development. This paper addresses a research preview’s
description whose main objective is to explore this process by investigating
community perceptions and practices in transition to first grade in both,
preschool and first grade in Mexican Schools. Two different questionnaires will
be implemented to a sample of 30 teachers from public schools in Mexico City
as well as interviews for Head teachers and families. A qualitative and
quantitative approach will be used to analyse the data obtained. Finally, the
results from this research will provide the opportunity to open a new transition
research field in Mexico that might have an important impact in supporting the
process in this community as well as to state the relevance of planning carefully
interventions during this process in National Educative System.
Name Simon Webster Email
Title Longitudinal Case Study Data Generation
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This presentation will focus on the data generation process for a longitudinal
multiple-case study into ESOL teachers’ practical knowledge of teaching
speaking. The abductive approach employed for semi-structured interviews over
multiple data collection points will be described and examples of how the data
‘spoke’ and shaped successive data generation will be provided. It is hoped that
the presentation will be of interest to all those involved in longitudinal data
generation and its analysis.
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Name Paul Colewood Email
Title Qualitative Data Analysis? Quite Demanding, Actually
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Qualitative data analysis is the range of processes and procedures employed by
researchers to enable the qualitative data that has been collected to be shaped
into some form of explanation, understanding or interpretation of the people and
situations under investigation. There is no single or correct way to analyse and
present qualitative data, the guiding principle being ‘fitness for purpose’.
Purpose will determine the type of analysis performed on the data, which will in
turn inform the way in which the analysis is written up.
This presentation will use examples of interview data collected in a case study to
explore the process of manual data analysis. Among the key aspects to be
considered will be approaches to thematic analysis, the management and
organisation of data and the question of the interplay between analysis and
interpretation. The intention throughout is to provide a snapshot of a work in
progress rather than a completed piece of research.
Name Rebecca Warburton Email
Title Continuous and Discrete Knowledge: Analysing Trainee Secondary Teachers’ Mathematical Content Knowledge Change Through ‘Knowledge Maps’
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Shulman is renowned for shifting the focus of teacher knowledge research onto
content knowledge for teaching with the introduction of his categories of content
knowledge. Following Shulman, many researchers have defined further
categories of knowledge for teaching or refined his ideas (e.g. Deborah Ball and
colleagues). Many accept that there is a specialised knowledge of mathematics
for teaching. However, others argue that teaching is simply utilising
mathematical content and processes within a different (teaching) context,
rendering categories of knowledge types unnecessary (e.g. Anne Watson). Both
points of view are taken into account in the introduction of ‘continuous’ and
‘discrete’ knowledge – a proposed metaphor for how mathematical content
knowledge is held within teachers’ minds. Not only do these terms aim to
reconcile these seemingly opposing perspectives, but they take into account the
dynamic nature of knowledge, allowing it to be represented in the form of
‘knowledge maps’ for comparison over time. This session aims to discuss
participants' views of the affordances and constraints of the proposed metaphor
and representation for research into teachers’ mathematical content knowledge.
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Name Helen Morris Email
Title ‘It’s still science but not like normal science’: girls’ responses to the teaching of socioscientific issues
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One approach that has been advocated as a move towards overturning
declining participation rates in the physical sciences amongst young people is
the inclusion of socioscientific issues in science lessons. Socioscientific issues
are controversial issues that involve the use of science and are of interest to
society. They raise ethical and moral dilemmas. Examples of such an issue
could include climate change, air pollution or genetic technology. Following a
science curriculum reform in 2006 in England for students aged 14-16,
socioscientific issues now have a heightened presence in science lessons.
Using the context of this reform, my study explores how girls are responding to
the teaching of socioscientific issues. This paper draws on the findings from 15
(all female) focus groups that were carried out in one school. It focuses on how
the girls responded to their science lessons and teases apart how they
differentiated between and talked about ‘typical’ science lessons that centred on
a scientific concept, and lessons that centred on a socioscientific issue.
Ultimately it shows how the girls’ perception of ‘science’ did largely not include
socioscientific issues which were considered to be not ‘proper’ science.
Responses to this idea, that socioscientific issues were not ‘proper’ science,
were both positive and negative.
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Name Masauda El-aswed Email
Title Single-sex Islamic schools and parental choice: an investigation into Muslim parents motivations for choosing these schools.
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In recent years, Britain has witnessed an increase in the number of Islamic
schools, at primary and secondary levels. This phenomenon of religiously-based
schools is not new to British society; Christian and Jewish faith schools are well
and long established and widespread. More than half of Britain’s Muslims (52
per cent) are under the age of 25, compared to only 31 per cent within the
population as whole and about half a million Muslim children and young people
are currently educated in British schools. Currently there are more than 100
independent and eleven state-funded Muslim schools in Britain.
Some Muslim parents look for an Islamic school for their children; this study
seeks to find out why. What is it that they think is lacking in state school
education? What is it that they believe only an Islamic school can offer? Muslim
parents have many concerns about state schools. Some concerns are: identity
and belonging, discrimination, values and attitudes and learning about Islam
(McCreery, 2007). Furthermore, Haw (1998) summarizes the Muslim parents
concerns into four major areas namely: the failure of the state sector to present
an Islamic education, the issue of how a minority sustains the integrity of its
cultural identity, and the issue of parental contribution and everyday realistic
cultural issues. According to Halstead (1989), Muslim parents consider two
basic principles to be necessary for their children’s education. Firstly, access to
the opportunities provided by general education, which include living as full
British citizens, avoiding fear of discrimination and racism, competing in the
employment market, and enjoying the benefits of modern scientific progress.
Secondly, the protection of their individual Islamic belief and values which helps
them [Muslim children] to form their identity, and give them a rootedness as they
grow up in the Muslim community.
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Name Irene Vanderpuye Email
Title Piloting Inclusive Education in Ghana: Parental Perception and Involvement
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In 2003, in response to the international agenda to educate children with Special
Educational Needs in inclusive settings (Mittler, 2002; Sebba & Ainscow, 1996),
Ghana began piloting inclusive education in 35 schools. Drawing on Epstein’s
(1995) and Hornby’s (2000) models of parental involvement three research tools
(two questionnaires and an interview schedule) were created and administered
to investigate the perception and involvement of parents in inclusive education in
Ghana. The participants were 560 parents and 35 head teachers sampled from
the pilot schools. All participants completed the questionnaire and 20 randomly
selected parents were interviewed. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used
to analyse the questionnaire data. The interview data was analysed
qualitatively. This analysis is currently still underway however preliminary
findings suggest that parents were knowledgeable about inclusive education and
perceived it to be beneficial. Furthermore, the parents were found to be involved
in inclusive education in a variety of ways. Head teachers perceived the parents
to be less involved in inclusive education, hence 73.5% of them rated parental
involvement as’ low’ .When complete, the results of the study will inform the
planning of the Ministry of Education, and help to formulate a model of parental
involvement suitable for the Ghanaian context.
Name Maha Saeed Halabi Email
Title Understanding Tutors’ Perception about the Distance Language Learning Program (DLLP) and its Role in the development of Learners’ Autonomy, An Empirical Study at King Abd-Alaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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At King Abdalaziz University, Jeddah. The Distance Learning Deanship offers
many courses for distance learners all around the Kingdom. English language
learning (the focus of this study)is one of these on-line courses. This research
will initially find out how far tutors, who teach English language to distance
learners, are themselves aware /familiar with the concept of autonomy. It will
also explore the role of these tutors to promote their learners’ autonomy.
Furthermore, this study will provide the stallholders with a clear idea of the
problems and challenges which tutors face as they try to develop learners’
autonomy, and the suitable ways of solving these problems. Finally, I hope this
study will be of a great help for tutors, stakeholders, and specialists at the
Distance Learning programmes at King Abdalaziz University in specific and at all
other Saudi Universities in general.
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Name Omeir Alenezi Email
Title Academic Staff Perceptions of the Management of Decision-Making Processes in the Education Faculties of King Saud University and the University of Leeds: Comparative Analysis
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Decision making in higher educational institutions is critical for achieving the
universal goals of these institutions, particularly in terms of teaching and
research related decisions.
This study aims to investigate the participation of academic staff in teaching,
research, financial issues and administrative decision making in the Faculty of
Education at King Saud University and the School of Education at the University
of Leeds. In order to achieve the research objectives, I used the triangulation
approach which combines quantitative and qualitative research methods,
documentary analysis and observations. I analysed 96 questionnaires from the
two universities and conducted 18 in-depth interviews. The analysis focused on
the similarities and differences of the actual and desired level of participation in
decision making by academic staff at the both universities, with particular focus
on cultural traces.
The study found that the academic staff at the University of Leeds are more
likely to actively participate in teaching, research, financial issues and
administrative related decision making. Conversely, King Saud University
academic staff desire to be more involved in all areas of decision making.
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Name Ahmad Lodhi Email
Title Data collection in A Pakistani Public University: Experiences and Challenges
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In this session, I will present my experiences and challenges that I faced during
data collection for the investigation of an institutional ‘research culture’. During
the fieldwork, I have contacted all the academics of two selected faculties - one
is research active other is relatively inactive - of a Pakistani public university for
a questionnaire survey and conducted face-to-face interviews of 26 academics
and administrators.
Name Rose Usoro
Email Title Educational decentralisation and its implications for teacher leadership in senior
secondary schools in Nigeria
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The Nigerian government in the recent education policy reforms has transferred
the decision making powers on the running of secondary schools to school level.
This decentralisation has led to the establishment of School Based Management
Committees (SBMC) in schools. Embedded in the policy on SBMC is the notion
of teacher leadership.
I report on the research project in which the perspectives of teachers from
different management levels were explored on their experiences and practices
of teacher leadership. The study is a qualitative multi-site case study design with
32 participants from three public senior secondary schools in Nigeria.
Questionnaire, interviews, observations and document analysis were used in
collecting the data. The preliminary findings point to a contradictory evidence.
Evidence supports the notion of teacher leadership and also shows that teacher
leadership is constrained. An attempt is made at explaining contradictory
evidence as well as considering the possible implications for teacher leadership
in Nigerian schools.
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Name Ibrar Bhatt Email
Title Digital literacies and their layered multiplicity: a doctoral study
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This presentation outlines a proposed doctoral study which examines the nature
of the particular digital literacy practices that arise when adult learners are asked
to complete computer-based writing assignments for a course. My concerns
include how the learners’ digital literacy practices relate to their backgrounds,
aspirations, and their own social digital literacy practices, and how these in turn
relate to the digital demands of the programmes of study. This would include
questioning the relationship between everyday and classroom digital literacies
as dual or 'parallel'.
This work is grounded in the notion that the study of literacy events in
educational settings can be best explored ethnographically, as we
become sensitive to how a single literacy event is shaped by outside forces and
multiple contexts: the immediate classroom context, the context of learners’
everyday applications of digital literacy, the institutional context, and a global
one. A multicontextual and three-phased approach is therefore proposed,
allowing me to make learners’ literacy practices visible through a sensitivity of a
literacy event to its layered multiplicity of contexts.
In this presentation I will provide clarification of the concepts informing my
research, the proposed ethnographic methodology, and lessons learned from
pilot study activities so far. The results of my research will support the effective
development of digital literacies across the ‘in classroom/out of classroom’
divide, as well as question this binary distinction.
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Name Richard Gresswell Email
Title Teacher Identity and Blogging
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This research investigates the blogging practices of five English language
teacher (ELT) bloggers. Of particular interest is the way the teachers craft their
online identities in relation to their blog readership and how this computer-
mediated communication (CMC) is afforded and constrained both verbally and
visually. Employing identity as a theoretical lens, this ethnography combines
linguistic analysis of the blog texts and semi-structured interviews with the
bloggers’ about their digital literacy practice. However, given the multimodal
nature of digital work, paralinguistic features such as the use of images are also
taken into account. The aims of this study are to better understand the teachers’
digital literacies in relation to their negotiation of identities in an increasingly fluid
world both professionally and technologically. It is considered that the findings of
this study will not only be informative with regards to CMC but also have
implications for the use of web-based learning environments in teacher
education.
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Name Taha Rajab Email
Title Developing whole-class interactive teaching: the interaction patterns of Syrian EFL teachers
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The present paper reports the findings of research on the interaction patterns of
English language teachers in 3 typical Syrian secondary schools at the
Governate of Homs in Syria. Along with the worldwide proliferation of
communicative pedagogical practices in the field of education, the Syrian
Ministry of Education (MOE) has recently introduced English for Starters, a new
CLT national curriculum that promotes high degrees of teacher-student
interaction. Given this, the present study set out to look at the extent at which
secondary school EFL Syrian teachers are using interactive whole-class
teaching approaches in their classrooms as advised by the Syrian MOE and the
guidelines of the newly adopted curriculum. Qualitative and quantitative data
obtained from systematic classroom observation, interviews and questionnaires
were triangulated to cross validate the findings. The preliminary analysis of the
video recordings of 6 secondary school English teachers shows that ELT in the
Syrian classroom is still based on heavily directive form of teaching dominated
by: rote learning, recitation, translation, code-switching and the transmission of
facts through teacher explanation. By and large, IRF is the dominant interaction
patterns inside the classroom. From a socio-cultural perspective, the teachers’
tight control of the ‘I’ move and the ‘R’ move deprived students from
opportunities to participate in the process of language knowledge co-
construction. In addition, there is an overwhelming predominance of teacher-
fronted explanations and question-answer exchanges. Achieving and/or
improving the quality in the practices of Syrian school teachers necessitate
training them to use interactive styles of teaching. Classroom talk has to be
transformed from recitation into dialogue so as to promote the co-construction of
knowledge between teachers and students.
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Name Clare Wardman Email
Title Teachers’ views on provision of support for children with English as an Additional Language in UK primary schools
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Studying issues connected to the precise nature of the provision of support for
children who have English as an Additional Language (EAL) is still a fairly new
endeavour in the UK. Policy decisions in the UK have tended to, and continue
to, draw on well-known international studies despite issues such as the diversity
of the UK population leading to particular challenges that probably necessitate a
different approach.
This session will comprise a brief review of the research literature, focusing
particularly on bilingual education and of the socio-cultural aspects of being a
language learner in a mainstream classroom. Some of the findings from my
2011 study into current practice in primary schools across northern England will
then be presented. This study forms the initial stages of my PhD research.
Finally, implications for policy-makers, local authorities, teachers and support
staff as well as for the remaining parts of my PhD will be discussed.
Name Rachael Sharpe
Email Title Secondary school students’ attitudes to school practical work in biology,
chemistry and physics in England
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This presentation will examine the attitudes of secondary school students to
school practical work in biology, chemistry and physics lessons between Year 7
(aged 11) and Year 10 (aged 15) inclusive, in England. The presentation will
discuss how previous studies have looking into students’ attitudes to science but
have not probed further into their attitudes to practical work in science. The
research methodology, which uses a mixed methods approach, will be
discussed: this involves the development of a survey instrument, observations
with semi-structured interviews of practical work lessons and focus groups with
students. The presentation will discuss the designing and implementation of
three survey instruments (biology, chemistry and physics) which drew on a
phenomenological approach. The presentation will also discuss the findings and
conclusions that can be drawn about students’ attitudes to practical work in
schools and how these attitudes differ between the three science (biology,
chemistry and physics) and between the Year groups.
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Name Shaista Shirazi Email
Title Student experience of school science and its relationship to post-16 science take-up
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This study investigates the experiences of school science of post-16 students in
England and its relationship to take-up of science in post-16 education. The
empirical work is a two-phased mixed methods approach consisting of survey
questionnaires and interviews in which students aged 16-17 detail aspects of
their experience of secondary school science and the effect of different school
factors on their choice to take science or not further on.
Results show that students who choose to take science post-16 have had a
more positive experience of school science whereas students who do not want
to continue with school science have a less positive experience of school
science. A large number of students choosing to take science have been sure of
their decision to take science from an early age and it is usually their exam
results that are the deciding factor whether they take science or not post-16.
Students choosing not to take science are more likely to leave their science-
taking decisions until later in school and are more likely to be influenced by
school factors such as teachers and science content taught.
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Key Note Speaker
Name Professor Jerry Wellington
Email [email protected] Title What is a ‘Doctorate’ and What Makes a ‘Good’ Doctoral Thesis? – Varying
Perspectives
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This session will use presentation and discussion to explore the idea of what it
means to be working at ‘doctoral level’ and how examiners actually assess a
student’s doctoral thesis both in its written form and during the oral examination
(the viva voce).
Can this be made explicit or is ‘doctorateness’ something which is tacit and ‘in
the eye of the beholder’? What do different University regulations state about
the requirements of a doctorate and how are these ‘translated’ into practice?
The session will draw on work which Jerry Wellington has recently published on
doctoral education in journals and books
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Attendees
1. Abdullah Alnutaifi
2. Ahmad Lodhi
3. Aijan Sharshenova
4. Aleksandra Szweda
5. Alice Deignan
6. Amira Al-Shabibi
7. Arthur Galamba
8. Badr Alsaadoun
9. Chris Kyriacou
10.Chung Gilliland
11.Clare Wardman
12.David Brining
13.Eisa AlKandari
14.Emma Gillen
15.Fadhel Abdullah
16.Lin Zhu
17.Gary Chambers
18.Hashil Al-Sadi
19.Helen Morris
20.Hortensia Morón
21. Ibrar Bhatt
22. Ibtissam Al-Farah
23. Ioanna Katsikopoulou
24.Ioanna Papapoulia
25.Irene Vanderpuye
26.Jackie Salter
27.James Simpson
28.Jawaher Alwedinani
29.Jim Donnelly
30.Joanny Chen
31.John Monaghan
32.Katie Gathercole
33.Kwengnam Kim
34.Kyung-Min Nam
35.Maggie McPherson
36.Maha Saeed Halabi
37.Maria Rapti
38.Mary Chambers
39.Masauda El-aswed
40.Matt Homer
41.Michael Wilson
42.Miguel Angel Urbina Garcia
43.Mingzhu Yuan
44.Moftah Mohamed
45.Mohammed Al-Alawi
46.Mohammed Albanyan
47.Mohaned Abed
48.Moses Odongo
49.Muhammad Asif
50.Muhammad Islam
51.NItchaya Boonma
52.Noorallah Qaranjik
53.Omeir Alenezi
54.Paul Colewood
55.Paula Clarke
56.Phuong Anh Nguyen
57.Rachael Sharpe
58.Rafael Mitchell
59.Rasha Alaudan
60.Rebecca Warburton
61.Richard Gresswell
62.Rose Usoro
63.Rowena Hanan
64.Shaista Shirazi
65.Shanna Saubert
66.Simon Borg
67.Simon Webster
68.Sudha Raghavan
69.Susan Long
70.Taha Rajab
71.Vicky McQuillan
72.Ying Liu
73.Zekiye Morkoyunlu
74.Zennifer Oberio
Research Students’ Annual Conference
18 April, University House, University of Leeds
21
Conference Evaluation
*Required Please detach this from the booklet and hand it in at the end of the day
Name: Email: Student/Staff*
Did the conference meet your expectations?*
What was the most useful aspect of the event?*
How could we improve the conference in the future?*