December 16 -18, 2021

Advisory CommitteeChief Patron Prof. K. Sankaranarayanasamy

Director, NIT Puducherry, India

Patron Prof. G. AghilaRegistrar (i/c), NIT Puducherry, India

International &NationalAdvisoryCommittee

Prof. Prabhakaran Ramamurthy, Old Dominion University, USA

Prof. Wei Gao, Tohoku University, Japan

Prof. J Paulo Davim, University of Aveiro, Portugal

Prof. T.S.N. Sankara Narayanan, Professor Emiretus (University ofMadras), India Chonbuk National University (Formerly), South KoreaProf. Tapas Kumar Mallick, University of Exeter, United Kingdom

Prof. Vijay Kumar Thakur, Scotland's Rural College, United Kingdom

Prof. R. Gnanamoorthy, IIT Madras, India

Prof. Rajiv Prakash, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, India

Prof. Dilip Kumar Pratihar, IIT Kharagpur, India

Prof. G N Tiwari, Former Professor, IIT Delhi, India

Prof. A Selvaraju, Former Professor, Pondicherry Engineering College, India

Prof. Rangan Banerjee, IIT Bombay, India

Prof. Bibek Bandyopadhyay, IIEST - Howrah, India

Prof. K Srinivas Reddy, IIT Madras, India

Prof. R Venkata Rao, SVNIT Surat, India

Prof. S Murugan, NIT Rourkela, India

Prof. Dineshsingh G Thakur, DIAT, Pune, India

Prof. K V Gangadharan, NITK Surathkal, India

Prof. Anil Kumar Sharma, Jamia Millia Islamia University, India

Prof. G. Anand, IIM Kozhikode, India

Prof. Tushar N Desai, SVNIT Surat, India

Prof. S.Balasivanandha Prabu, College of Engineering Guindy, India

Prof. Thundil Karuppa Raj R, VIT Vellore, India

Prof. S R Devadasan, PSG CT, India

Prof. P Karthikeyan, PSG CT, India

Prof. N Alagumurthi, Pondicherry Engineering College, India

Prof. B Radjaram, MVIT, Puducherry, India

Prof. Himanshu Tyagi, IIT Ropar, India

Prof. G Kumaresan, College of Engineering Guindy, India

Prof. K R Balasubramanian, NIT Tiruchirappalli, India

Prof. N.Siva Shanmugam, NIT Tiruchirappalli, India

Prof. R.Anand, NIT Tiruchirappalli, India

Prof. Raman Bedi, NIT Jalandhar, India

Prof. S Suresh, NIT Tiruchirappalli, India

Prof. S Vinodh, NIT Tiruchirappalli, India

Prof. Srinivas Tangellapalli, NIT Jalandhar, India

Prof. T Ramesh, NIT Tiruchirappalli, India

Prof. S. Balaguru, VIT Bhopal, India

Prof. S Kanmani Subbu, IIT Palakkad, India

Prof. K Ravi Kumar, IIT Delhi, India

Prof. D Ragupathy, NIT Puducherry, India

Prof. R Prabhu Sekar, MNNIT, Allahabad, India

Prof. Belete Sirahbizu, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia

Prof. Albert U. Ude, BIUST, Botswana

Prof. Nabin Sarmah, Tezpur University, Assam, India

Prof. A Sreekumar, Pondicherry University, India

Prof. Narendra Gajbhiye, MNIT Bhopal, India

ConferenceChairperson

Dr. N.M. Sivaram, NIT Puducherry, India

OrganizingSecretaries

Dr. Sendhil Kumar Natarajan, NIT Puducherry, India

Dr. A. Johnney Mertens, NIT Puducherry, India

Dr. M V A Raju Bahubalendruni, NIT Puducherry, India

Dr. M. Vadivukkarasan, NIT Puducherry, India

Dr. Jack. J. Kenned, NIT Puducherry, India

Dr. J. Ronald Aseer, NIT Puducherry, India

Dr. S. Somasundaram, NIT Puducherry, India

Dr. P. Sathish Kumar, NIT Puducherry, India

Dr. A. Karpagaraj, NIT Puducherry, India

Support Staff Mr. S. U. Mugilan, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. R. Karthikeyan, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. K. Sriraman, NIT Puducherry, India

TaskCommittee

Mr. Arjun Singh K, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Elavarasan E, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Packia Antony Amalan A, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Siva Kumar S, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Subba Rama Kousik Suraparaju, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. G. Anil Kumar, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Arivazhagan S, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. A.P. Sugunesh, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Dara Ashok, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Balasundaram P, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Karthikeyan V, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. P. Arun Kumar, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Inkulu Anil Kumar, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Madhu Balan P, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Vignesh S, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Veluchamy B, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Guna M, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. A. Kannan, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Eswaran M, NIT Puducherry, India

Ms. Prema Latha R, NIT Puducherry, India

Mr. Rakesh Sudarsi, NIT Puducherry, India

Message fromTHE DIRECTOR

It is a pleasure to be a part of the Second International Conference on FutureTechnologies in Manufacturing, Automation, Design and Energy is beingorganized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute ofTechnology Puducherry during December 16 – 18, 2021.

Conferences always provides an enabling stage for the engineers from manyfacets of technology to come together and deliberate the developments in therespective domains. NIT Puducherry always stands at the forefront inorganizing conferences and programmes which are latest and relevant to thesociety.

I am sure that this conference will witness enthusiastic participation of thedelegates from across India and globe which will lead to a better evolution ofthe Mechanical Engineering field. I wish the participants and the organizers fora successful summit and a bright future.

Prof. K. SankaranarayanasamyDirector, NIT Puducherry

Message fromTHE REGISTRAR

It is a delight to see that the Mechanical Engineering Department of NationalInstitute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal is convening its SecondInternational Conference on Future Technologies during December 16 – 18,2021. I strongly believe that this Conference will be a global platform for theacademicians, researchers and practitioners in the areas of Manufacturing,Automation, Design and Energy to converge and discuss on the latestdevelopments in the field of Mechanical Engineering, by sharing theirinnovative ideas, issues, recent trends and future directions. I take thisopportunity to congratulate and wish you all a great success.

Prof. G. AghilaRegistrar (i/c), NIT Puducherry

Message fromTHE CHAIRPERSON

It is my pleasure and privilege to be affiliated with the Department ofMechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherryorganizing the Second International Conference on Future Technologies(ICOFT) in Manufacturing, Automation, Design and Energy during December16 – 18, 2021.

The Department is constantly striving to be one of the best in the MechanicalEngineering field across the world. A part of such effort is ICOFT and thisyear’s edition has received a good number of participation from the delegates inMechanical Engineering field leading to a synergy between academics, researchand practice.

I take this opportunity to whole heatedly thank all the participants of theConference for making it as a successful one. I am also extremely grateful to theChief Patron, Patron, Eminent Keynote Speakers, Organizing Secretaries,Reviewers, Session Chairs and Task Committee members of ICOFT 2021 forthe successful conduct of this Conference.

Dr. N.M. SivaramChairperson, ICoFT 2021

About the Institution

National Institute of Technology Puducherry (NITPY) is one of the thirty-oneNational Institutes of Technology, the Institutes of National Importance underthe Ministry of Education, Government of India. NITPY was approved in 2009as part of the nation's Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–2012). NITPY is nestledin the scenes of Karaikal, a coastal enclave in the basin of river Kaveri, issituated on 258 acres near villages, Poovam and Thiruvettakudy, Karaikal,Union Territory of Puducherry. NITPY is committed to producing competentand responsible technocrats who can serve the nation on its journey to growthand prosperity. The institute provides keen guidance in terms of experiencedand expert faculty members and facilities to sculpt the bright minds intoprofessionally balanced individuals capable enough to take up challenges ofnature, society, and the world. The Institute is constantly attempting to scalenew heights by developing a synergy between academics, research, and practice.

About the Department

The Department was established in July 2014 with an undergraduateprogramme and currently offering a doctoral programme, too. The curriculumensures the courses blend the latest developments, social context, andenvironmental relevance of the present and future world. The committed andcompetent faculty members with expertise in diverse domains of MechanicalEngineering such as Thermal and Fluid Sciences, Design and ManufacturingEngineering and specialised in Industry 4.0, Energy, Design Automation, NewMaterials and Manufacturing processes, Smart Manufacturing, VehicleDynamics, Liquid Spray characteristics, Computational Mechanics, Ergonomicscontributes to the Department knowledge hub. The Department is activelyconducting various sponsored projects from the agencies or schemes such asDST-SERB, DST-INSPIRE, DST-UKIERI, ARTPARK and providingconsultancy services to organisations CPWD, CPCB. The Department is in thepursuit of establishing world-class academic and research facilities and emergeas a prominent source of practical engineering knowledge.

Department ProfileMECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Prof. K. SankaranarayanasamyProfessor and DirectorAreas of Interests:Ergonomics at Work place, Industrial Safety, Laser MaterialProcessing, Power plant Structure analysis, Natural FiberComposites

Dr. N.M. Sivaram,Assistant Professor and HeadAreas of Interests:Machining Technology, Industrial Safety Engineering

Dr. Sendhil Kumar Natarajan,Assistant ProfessorAreas of Interests:Solar Thermal, Concentrating Photovoltaic, Integration ofHigh Temperature Solar Thermal and CPV, Heat Transferand Fluid Flow, Jet Ejectors, Waste Frying Oils, Fuel Cells.

Dr. A. Johnney Mertens,Assistant ProfessorAreas of Interests:Polymer Composites, Material Characterization, Gear

Dr. M V A Raju Bahubalendruni,Assistant ProfessorAreas of Interests:Design for Manufacturing & Assembly (DFMA),Environmental Conscious Manufacturing, AssemblyAutomation, Rapid Prototyping

Dr. M. VadivukkarasanAssistant ProfessorAreas of Interests:Liquid Spray Atomization, Hydrodynamic Instability, ThinLiquid films and Interfacial Phenomenon

Department ProfileMECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Dr. Jack. J. KennedAssistant ProfessorAreas of Interests:Composite materials, Material characterization, Acousticemission Monitoring,NDT, Automotive Applications

Dr. Ronald AseerAssistant ProfessorAreas of Interests:Additive Manufacturing, Nano Fiber Composites, FiniteElement Methods, Isogeometric Analysis

Dr. S. SomasundaramAssistant ProfessorAreas of Interests:Combustion, Acoustics, Supersonic flows, Numericalsimulation

Dr. P. SathishKumarAssistant ProfessorAreas of Interests:Vehicle Dynamics, Active suspension, Energy Harvesting, TireBlow-out

Dr. A. KarpagarajAssistant ProfessorAreas of Interests:Welding, WAAM, Harfacing, Welding Simulation,PMC

Abstracts of Keynote LecturesKeynote Lecture IAdditive Manufacturing (AM) and applications to CompositesProf. Prabhakaran RamamurthyEminent Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringOld Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

Keynote Lecture IIAdditive Manufacturing of Metals – Opportunities and ChallengesProf. T.S.N. Sankara NarayananProfessor Emeritus, Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India.(Former Research Professor, Chonbuk National University and Ulsan NationalInstitute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea)

Keynote Lecture IIIA systematic CFD approach to present the innovative concept of safe in-vessel core debris retention after severe accident in a fast reactorProf. Anil Kumar SharmaProfessor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyJamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India(Former Head, PT&DHRSS/ Thermal Hydraulics Division & Faculty (EngineeringSciences), HBNI, Mumbai; Reactor Design & Technology Group, Indira Gandhi Centrefor Atomic Research (IGCAR), Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India)

Keynote Lecture IVNovel floating film technique (FTM) for the formation of ordered thin filmof organic materials and polymer nano-compositesProf. Rajiv PrakashProfessor, School of Materials Science and TechnologyDean (Research and Development)Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)Varanasi, India.

Keynote Lecture VThe role of secondary ceramics addition on the microstructure, mechanicalproperties and thermal stability of TiCN Based CermetsProf. S.Balasivanandha PrabuProfessor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering,College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India.

Keynote Lecture VIMeasurement technologies for future smart manufacturingProf. Wei GaoProfessor, Department of FinemechanicsSchool of Engineering Precision Nanometrology Laboratory Research Center forPrecision Nanosystems, Gao & Shimizu LaboratoryTohoku University, Japan.

Keynote Lecture VIISustainable and Functional Materials: Bridging the Gap betweenLaboratory and Industrial Applications for a Circular EconomyProf. Vijay Kumar ThakurProfessor and Founding Head of the Biorefining and Advanced Materials ResearchCentreScotland's Rural CollegeEdinburgh, United Kingdom

KEYNOTE LECTURE IProf. Prabhakaran RamamurthyEminent ProfessorDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringOld Dominion UniversityNorfolk, Virginia, USA

Additive Manufacturing (AM) and applications toComposites

Abstract

Conventional manufacturing methods such as turning, milling, and grinding aresubtractive. In Additive Manufacturing (AM) – also often called 3-D printing or rapidprototyping – material is added layer by layer to create objects based on ComputerAided Design (CAD) 3-D models. AM is essentially digital manufacturing. FusedDeposition Modeling (FDM), Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Stereolithography(SLA), Direct-Write (DW) and Binder Jetting (BJ) are some of the AM techniques.The advantages of AM include parts consolidation and reduction in cost, time, anderrors. Although AM is becoming popular, there are challenges.

Composite materials, with reinforcements in the form of particles, short fibers and longfibers, offer superior properties such as higher specific strength and specific stiffness.Synthetic fibers such as carbon, glass and Kevlar can be incorporated in thermoplasticand thermoset matrices. In 2014, short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic compositewas used to fabricate the first drivable 3-D printed car, eliminating thousands ofcomponents from a conventional car.

FFF, Material Extrusion (ME), Directed Energy Deposition (DED), and LaminatedObject Manufacturing (LOM) are some of the most widely used AM technologies tofabricate continuous synthetic fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer matrixcomposites. Due to their superior properties, such composites have found wideapplications in aerospace, automotive and other fields. Dynamic Capillary-Driven AMapproach called Localized In-plane Thermal Assisted (LITA) 3-D printing has beendeveloped for fabricating continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermoset matrixcomposites.

Natural fibers such as hemp, kenaf, and flax, offer advantages such as renewability,biodegradability and low cost. They also pose challenges in the form of high moistureabsorption, poor wettability, and low degradation temperature; they need preprocessingby chemical, physical and mechanical methods. Polylactic acid (PLA), polypropylene

(PP) and Acrylonitrile- Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) are some of the polymers used asmatrices. The use of AM for manufacturing Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites(NFRCs) is in its infancy. FDM and FFF are some of the AM methods applied to thefabrication of NFRCs. These composites are finding applications in automotive,transportation, and aerospace fields; they are also used in construction, electronics,sports and storage applications.

In this presentation, application of AM to short and long synthetic (carbon) fiberreinforced thermoplastic and thermoset polymer matrix composites is first described.Then the advantages and limitations of natural fibers are briefly reviewed. Applicationof AM methods to make NFRCs is a future technology that is bound to grow, withinnovative solutions to current problems.

KEYNOTE LECTURE IIProf. T.S.N. Sankara NarayananProfessor EmeritusDepartment of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India.(Former Research Professor, Chonbuk National University and UlsanNational Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea)

Additive Manufacturing of Metals – Opportunities andChallenges

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging area of research with plenty ofopportunities and challenges for researchers and manufacturers. The major advantagesof fabricating components by AM are the design freedom and material conservation.Any complex shape including heat exchangers with conformal cooling channels can bedesigned and fabricated, which would not be possible by conventional machining. Avariety of metallic components are fabricated by AM through laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) and electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) processes. The processvariables such as laser or electron beam power, scan speed, powder layer thickness, etc.are highly interrelated, which makes the process complex. Spherical powders with goodflowability, uniform spreading of powders, and excellent packing of the powders aresome of the important requirements besides the laser power and scanning direction.Fabrication of components with fewer defects, lower surface roughness and good partdensity are critical. It is difficult to avoid pores and lack of fusion (LOF) defects.Residual stress and higher surface roughness are other major problems. Post-treatmentis essential to improve the quality of the printed parts and to impart the desiredcharacteristics. Heat-treatment, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and surface finishingtreatments assume significance in post-processing. This presentation will highlight someof the important aspects of AM, particularly on AM of metals through LPBF processwith a focus on the opportunities and challenges.

KEYNOTE LECTURE IIIProf. Anil Kumar SharmaProfessor, Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and TechnologyJamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India(Former Head, PT&DHRSS/ Thermal Hydraulics Division & Faculty(Engineering Sciences), HBNI, Mumbai; Reactor Design & TechnologyGroup, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR),Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India)

A systematic CFD approach to present the innovativeconcept of safe in- vessel core debris retention after severe

accident in a fast reactor

Abstract

This talk covers the numerical investigations on turbulent natural convection heattransfer and fluid flow due to the internal volumetric heat source in a liquid metal pool.The study is focused on Post Accident Heat Removal (PAHR) from the volumetricheat generating core debris in liquid metal cooled fast breeder reactor. These moltencore debris continuously generate heat due to the decay of fission products after reactorshutdown. It is essential to hold and maintain these heat generating debris in a coolcondition for an extended period of time to evade any further breaching of main vessel.Therefore, to avoid further progression of such severe accidents, detailed three-dimensional (3-D) CFD studies have been carried out to enhance the naturalconvection heat transfer around the destroyed core. Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations along with the energy equation have been solved numerically.Multiple passive pipes are implemented over the debris collection tray [heat shieldplate (HSP)] to allow direct impingement of liquid sodium over debris at multiplelocations. This impingement creates localized turbulence over a heat source andenhances the heat transfer. The best option of passive pipes has been implemented andstudied in a full-scale computational domain. This full-scale model includes all majorcomponents that may possibly affects the natural circulation of liquid metal insidereactor vessel. These include hot pool, cold pool, decay heat exchanger, grid plate, core,and control plug. The numerical analysis quantifies the maximum thermal loadcapacity of passive pipes type Core Catcher (CC). It has been found that there is asignificant increase of heat removal capability by ~42 % with new CC as compared tosolid tray-type CC. A rigorous and systematic numerical approach resulted in aninnovative core catcher concept to accommodate the entire destroyed core debrisarising after a severe core disruptive accident.

KEYNOTE LECTURE IVProf. Rajiv PrakashProfessor, School of Materials Science and TechnologyDean (Research and Development), Indian Institute of Technology(Banaras Hindu University)Varanasi, India.

Novel floating film technique (FTM) for the formation ofordered thin film of organic materials and polymer nano-

composites

Abstract

The architecture of conjugated polymers containing functionalized building blocks and2D nanomaterials have emerged appealing attention because of their excellent responsetowards various technological applications. However, the synthesis of such materialswith reproducible properties is always a challenge for researchers. The ordering andalignments of polymers chains or the uniform distribution of nano-fillers, homogeneouscomposite formation and morphology control are some of the crucial requirements fortheir potential applications. We have recently developed a facile interfacial techniquefor the controlled morphology and ordering of the polymer chains. The novel methodfor the formation of thin films is named as Floating Film Transfer Method and is alsoused for the formation of uniform polymer nanocomposites. The functional polymernanocomposites are further explored for various technological applications includingorganic electronics and sensor devices.

KEYNOTE LECTURE VProf. S.Balasivanandha PrabuProfessor and HeadDepartment of Mechanical Engineering,College of Engineering Guindy, Anna UniversityChennai, India.

The role of secondary ceramics addition on themicrostructure, mechanical properties and thermal stability

of TiCN Based Cermets

Abstract

TiCN based cermet compositions have been extensively used as a material for cuttingtools due to their excellent toughness compared to their counterparts and showedimproved properties when different reinforcements are added to it. TiCN based cermetsgenerally show core-rim structure where TiCN is seen as a core and a rim structure asthe solid solution of TiCN with other ceramic particles. Core and rim structureformation control hardness and toughness. The efficacy of the product, however,depends on the concocted mixture of the secondary carbides and metallic binder. Boroncarbide has superior hardness, and the addition of B4C may make changes in themechanical properties of the cermet. Cr3C2 acts as a grain refiner, enhances hardnessand corrosion resistance SiC enhances sinterability and toughness, TiN raises wearresistance and grain growth stability of cermet. This keynote presentation will coverthe effect of secondary ceramics addition on the hardness, toughness, wear resistanceand thermal stability of the cermets.

KEYNOTE LECTURE VIProf. Wei GaoProfessor, Department of FinemechanicsSchool of Engineering Precision Nanometrology Laboratory ResearchCenter for Precision Nanosystems, Gao & Shimizu LaboratoryTohoku University, Japan.

Measurement technologies for future smart manufacturing

Abstract

In the manufacturing process of a precision part, it is a common operation to makemeasurement and monitoring of the parts, machines as well as the machining processfor the purpose of quality control. For smart manufacturing of precision parts, it isadvantageous to make the measurement under in-situ conditions, which can beclassified into on-line/in-line, on-machine or in-process conditions, for assurance ofaccuracy and efficiency of the measurement operation as well as the manufacturingprocess. More importantly, in many cases, precision manufacturing cannot beaccomplished without applying such kinds of metrology technology. Very large surfacefabrication, ultra-precision surface machining, complicated surface generation, micro-structured surface stitching, EB-based lithography mask surface repair, high-throughput wafer surface production are some of the examples. In this keynote, thehistorical contributions of measurement technologies to manufacturing are firstoverviewed. Then the needs, benefits and limitations of in-process dimensionalmetrology for smart manufacturing will be specified, together with an overview of thestate-of-the-art in-process measurement systems and sensor technologies that have beendeveloped in the past decade. The challenges and trends for the future developmentwill finally be demonstrated.

KEYNOTE LECTURE VIIProf. Vijay Kumar ThakurProfessor and Founding HeadBiorefining and Advanced Materials Research CentreScotland's Rural CollegeEdinburgh, United Kingdom

Sustainable and Functional Materials: Bridging the Gapbetween Laboratory and Industrial Applications for a

Circular Economy

Abstract

Researchers have recently focused on the advancement of new materials frombiorenewable and sustainable sources because of great concerns about the environment,waste accumulation and destruction, and the inevitable depletion of fossil resources.Biorenewable materials have been extensively used as a matrix or reinforcement inmany applications. In the development of innovative methods and materials, cellulosebased materials offer important advantages because of their excellent properties such asease of fabrication, higher mechanical properties, biodegradability, and many more. Inthis talk, I will discuss about the chemistry, structures, advanced applications, andrecent developments about nanocomposites obtained from biorenewable sources.

Abstracts of Presented PapersManufacturing

PaperID

TitlePageno.

001 The machining behavior of 52100 bearing steelJai Tiwari , Kalyan Chakraborty

37

007 Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of RandomlyOriented Palm Leaf Stalk fiber with Natural Filler ReinforcedPolymer Composite MaterialsGurupranes SV, Rajendran , Shanmuga sundram

38

009 Optimization of machining parameters in drilling of AA 7075 alloysusing TOPSIS and Taguchi MethodReddy Sreenivasulu

39

010 Mechanical Characterization of a Peninsular Gneiss Rock Dust FlourReinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix CompositesPrashanth B, Subramanya Raghavendra, N.B.Doddapattar

40

019 Friction Stir Processing of Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites: AReviewRoshan V. Marode, Srinivasa Rao Pedapati

41

024 Effect of load on hot impression creep behaviour of AlSi10Mgprocessed through SLM routeVadapally Rama Rao, Deepak K. Pattanayak, C. Vanitha

42

031 Modelling of Volumetric Shrinkage of Nylon parts fabricated by 3Dprinting processShakti Shekhar Puri, Faheem Faroze, Sourabh Sharma, VineetSrivastava, Arun Tom Mathew

43

034 Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Investigation of SandwichComposite Material made by Stainless Steel with NylonJayaprakash Venugopal, Purusothama M, Raja Rajeswari A,Pasupathy S, Kulothungan K, Lakshmipathy D

44

035 Sustainable utilization of banana peel powder for the development of3D printed food package casingSundus Nida, Moses J.A, Anandharamakrishnan C

45

043 Comprehensive review on mechanical characters of plant particlereinforced poly lactic acid bio compositesSachin S Raj , Vivekanandhan Chinnasamy , Karthik Aruchamy

46

045 Investigation on the Characteristics of Jute-Kevlar Based HybridNano CompositeNivin Joy, Venkatesh S, Purusothaman Mani, Sathishkumar S,Shankar R

47

046 Experimental Research on the Hardness and Scratch Testing of OilHardening Non-Shrinkage Material with Titanium Nitride Coating byPVD MethodBritto Joseph J, Purusothaman M*, Siva.P, Ravinth M,

48

057 Characterization of Process Parameters in Micro EDM on StainlessSteelM.Madhavi, P.Srikanth

49

059 Enhancing Impact Strength of Additively Manufactured Short CarbonFiber Reinforced Nylon compositeMahesh Naik, D. G. Thakur, Sunil Chandel

50

060 Hypersonic Impact, Flexural and Tensile Testing on the Natural Fibrewith Influence of the Nano compositeManigandan S, Purusothaman M, Venkatesh S, Obuliraj,Jeevanantham J

51

064 Design and fabrication of intra campus mobility electric two-wheelerKiranlal S , Brathikan V M, Lalith H N

52

067 Experimental Investigation and Optimization of MachiningParameters during Dry Turning of AISI 1050 steel using ParallelTurningDereje Gemechu Bedane, Endalkachew Mosisa Gutema, MaheshGopal

53

070 Recent advancements in the fabrication of ceramic matrix composite:A critical reviewPrasoon Choudhary, Gurinder Singh Brar

54

071 Effect of MIG Welding Process on Hardfacing of Inconel 718 overStainless Steel 347Karpagaraj A, Sarala R, Shobin L R,Hemant priyadarshi, Aswin CGowda

55

080 Effect of B4C on Mechanical Properties of AZ91C Metal MatrixCompositeN. Jayakrishna, Dega Nagaraju,

56

096 Design and Development of Pineapple leaf fiber extraction Machinefor Sustainable DevelopmentSurya Bharath, Vignesh Kumar M, Nitheesh P, Bhanu Rekha V,Harish R

57

097 Modelling of cold spray coating bonding mechanism for AluminumalloyRajendra Kumar R T P , Jayabal K

58

099 Mechanical, microstructural characterization and tribological responseof Al 5050/B4c/Sic stir cast hybrid metal matrix compositeP. Sri Sukesh, Y. Vasu, Dr M. Venkateswara Rao, Dr V. DamodaraNaidu

59

100 An evaluation of density and compression properties of AZ91D-SiCmetal matrix composite produced through powder metallurgyKarthik Kumar, B Chandu Naik, D Ravi Jakhar, SudhanshuRanjan, Packia Antony Amalan A, N. M. Sivaram

60

101 Dry sliding wear behaviour of magnesium Nano composites - AStatistical ApproachS. Kartheesan, B.Shahul Hamid Khan

61

104 Incorporating Six-Sigma in e-learning platform during COVID-19PandemicPratheesh Kumar S, Nithin V, Akash S, Sheik Musthaq Ahamed N

62

105 Improving the Efficiency of the Vehicle Service Sector using CPM andPERTPratheesh Kumar S, Selvavignesh E, Jonathan Cecil Fernando,Sree Kannan S, Shishanth R

63

109 Enhancing efficiency in Micro Circuit Manufacturing using six sigmaPratheesh Kumar S, Shanchai Kumar S, Shiriraam S, SowdhariyaKumar J

64

110 Efforts to Improve the Brand Value of Beverage Industry Using SixSigma MethodologyPratheesh Kumar S, Dhanush S,Karthikeya Muthu S, Balaganesh S

65

111 A Study on Six Sigma to Improve Service Quality and CustomerSatisfaction in E-commerce IndustryPratheesh Kumar S, Sabari Sathyan S, Prashanth P,Vijai Rajan S, Sivasankar A

66

113 Optimization of Transportation Cost in a Supply ChainMuralidhar Devarajan, Aakhil Fizan B, Akash R, SathyaNandhana V, Sathya Prakash T

67

116 Design and Development of Electrical and Electronics of Massive 3DPrinterBrathikan V M, Venkatesh B, Anandh B, Vikash S

68

118 Delta 3D printer - A review on electrical componentsKiranlal S, Brathikan V M, Harish C S, Asfaq Moideen A, Anandh B

69

119 Fabrication and Compressive Strength of Functionally Graded DualFiller Polymer Composite MaterialsVasavi Boggarapu , Raghavendra Gujjala, Ruthik L, ShakuntlaOjha 2, Venkateswara Babu Peddakondigalla , Satish Jain

70

AutomationPaperID

TitlePageno.

002 ANN and Fuzzy Logic Based Direct Instantaneous Torque Control for8/6 Switched Reluctance MotorG. Jegadeeswari, V. Karthikeyan, B. Kirubadurai

85

124 Analysis of MRR, TWR and Surface roughness in EDM UsingArtificial Neural Network techniqueC. Veera ajay, K. Karthik Kumar, A. S. Kamaraja, C. T. JustusPanicker, C. Arun Sudhan, S. Ashok Kumar D

71

129 Wear characteristics of hard coatings on austenitic stainless steelsusing detonation spray coatingJhansi Jadav, U S Jyothi, S Santi , PVSL Narayana

72

132 Optimization of Die Sinking EDM parameters on Machining ofAL6061/B4C using Response Surface MethodologyKumar R, Thangadurai K

73

133 Correlation between Microstructure and Hardness in 5356-AlFabricated By Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing ProcessP. Tagore Kumar, Dr. V Jaya Pasad, Satish Kumar

74

134 Mechanical Performance Analysis of Eco-friendly Fiber CompositesJ. Ronald Aseer, K. Sankaranarayanasamy, S. Renold Elsen, AmitKumar Thakur, Prema Latha R

75

137 A Novel Design and Development of Low-Cost Electro-ChemicalMachining Unit with Optimized ParametersM. Armstrong, M. Sivaprakash, M. Sivasubramanian, J. T.Winowlin Jappes, C. Rajaganapathy, S. Ram Kumar

76

161 Processing maps for the Mg alloys: Formability regime in limitedplastic deformationN Saiteja, B K Deogade

77

164 Influence of Turning Parameters on the Surface Roughness andCutting Force of the Aluminium Matrix Hybrid CompositesP.Shanmughasundaram, Thirumurugaveerakumar S, Kalaiselvi R

78

171 Investigations on Modified Friction Welding Samples of SA-GradeMaterials Used in Box-Type Heat ExchangersA. Daniel Das, K. Thirunavukkarasu

79

180 Sustainable turning of 6063 aluminium alloy in dry condition usinggrey relational analysisA.Kannan, N.M.Sivaram

80

182 Introduction to Biomaterials: An OverviewReeya Agrawal

81

063 Design and fabrication of Automatic Screw Gauge Calibrator andComponent Tester using IoTV. Arunkumar, S. Sathiyavathi, A. Tonythomas, A.P.Parameswaran,M. Megavarthini, B. Kishor Kumar, R. Gokul Raj

86

069 Implementation of Autonomous RoverL Hemanth, P Srinivas

87

072 Towards Industry 4.0: Readiness, Technologies and ChallengesAmit Talli, Sachin Karadgi, Vinod Kumar V Meti, ArunkumarGiriyapur

88

106 Multiple regression analysis of performance indicators in the Tertiaryfood processing industryPratheesh Kumar S, Sathya Nandhana V, Akash R, KamaleshKrishna AR

89

126 A Multipurpose AgribotE Sai Bhavinya, K Vijaya Lakshmi, P Srinivas

90

128 AI based Automated Surface Inspection of Steel SheetsV.V.N. Satya Suresh, C. Ankith Kumar and Y. Kalyani

91

147 Design of Smart Glove for sign language interpretation using NLPand RNNAkshay V Nayak, Karthik B S, Sudhanva L C, Akshay A Ganger,Dr.Rekha.K.S., Dr.Prakash.K.R

92

152 A Smartphone-based Digital Image Colorimetry Model for IdentifyingFuel Types in Downstream Petroleum SectorHemachandiran S, Aghila G, Siddharth R

93

165 Real time detection of edge defects on a rolled steel sheet usingtransfer learning techniqueV.V.N. Satya Suresh, Y. Kalyani and C. Ankith Kumar

94

181 Semi-Automation in Chilli PulverisationS.Shankar, R.Nithyaprakash, R.Naveenkumar, S. Kulasekaran , C.S.Kavinganesh, R. Gokulraj

95

184 2.4GHz Microstrip MIMO Antenna DesignReeya Agrawal

96

DesignPaperID

TitlePageno.

003 Tribological and Mechanical Behaviour of Different CompositeMaterial: A ReviewHirokjyoti Nath, Rashmi Saikia, Kamal Nayan Medhi, Dr. DilipKumar Bora, Jiban Jyoti Kalita

99

013 A conceptual study on Active Debris Removal TechnologiesN Aravind Kumar, Akhila Rupesh

100

015 Reciprocating wear characteristics of AISI 1040 steelAgrawal R, Mukhopadhyay A

101

026 Design and analysis of single screw extruder for HybridManufacturing processSaurabh Kausadikar, Mithilesh Kumar Tiwari, K. Ponnapa, Puneet Tandon

102

029 Power transmission in electro dynamic suspension (EDS) typeMAGLEVs through 2G High Temperature Superconducting CableArijeet Roy Chowdhury, Vineet Sahoo

103

030 Analysis of energy loss through a Flow Divider Valve in differentapplications using various hydraulic drive systemsDharmendra Kumar, Anil C Mahato

104

032 Fabrication of Mechanical Circuit Breaker Device for OverheadTransmission LinesPurusothaman M, Jayaparakash Venugopal, Senthil Kumar G,Thirumurthy M, Naresh J

105

033 Simulation of Hybrid CVT Motorcycle Using MATLABJayaprakash Venugopal, Purusothaman M*, Kulothungan K,Lakshmipathy D, Raja Rajeswari A, Pasupathy S

106

039 Design and fabrication of oil skimmer with metal scrap collectorAnish M, Purusothaman M, Viswanathan T, Sathish S

107

044 Fault bearing detection from vibrational signal data by using Machinelearning algorithmsSrinivasa Advaith Thutupalli, Grandhi Sri Sai Charith,Doppalapudi Manohar, Choppala Sarath, Saleel Ismail, Jagadeesha T

108

047 Modelling and Simulation of Magneto Rheological Fluid in a Damperusing COMSOLGanga Nair B, Nathan Job Antony, Sebin Sabu Mathew,Jagadeesha T

109

052 A Computational study on B-Splines based design parameterizationstrategy for compressor annulus for throughflow analysisMayuresh Damle, D. Arumuga Perumal

110

053 Magnetic Analysis of Magnetorheological Brake with MultipleConductor PathsPeri Krishna Karthik, Kotipalli Hemanth Harsha, Natla Vishnu VardhanReddy, Jagadeesha T

111

054 Need Based Design for Knee Braces for Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-SitTask- A Case StudyArsalan Ahmad, Abid Ali Khan

112

058 Finite Element Analysis of Silicon Heat sink with CNT nanofluids forMicroelectronics ApplicationsM. Appadurai, E. Fantin Irudaya Raj, S. Darwin, I. Jenish

113

065 SAR exposure assessment in Human head tissue model at GSMFrequencyJemima Priyadarshini S, Dr. Immanuel Nargunathan J, Dr.Anitha Christy S, Kanimozhi A

114

073 Application of scaled boundary finite element method for piezoelectricmaterial responsesSrinivasagan M, Mahesh A, Arun Krishna B J, Jayabal K

115

074 Bending and Contact Stress Analysis of Helical Gear: A ComparativeStudyR.Mohanraj, S.Elangovan, S.Pratheesh Kumar, S.Arun Srivatsan,N. Kulasekaran, B.Lakshmana Kumar, R.Natarajan

116

075 Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Bending Stress on Spur GearsR,Mohanraj, S.Elangovan, S.Pratheesh Kumar, K.Venkateshan, R.ManojhKumar, N.Sathish Kumar

117

084 Modelling and analysis of functionally graded material with crackS. Ganguwar, V. M. Nistane

118

085 Bandgap Calculation of Two-Dimensional Metamaterial FoundationRishabh Sharma, Arpan Gupta

119

087 Frequency calculation of shear deformable beams by isogeometricapproachGourav Prasad Sinha, Bipin Kumar

120

088 Deflection Of Thin Plate Through Isogeometric AnalysisGourav Prasad Sinha, Bipin Kumar, K Priya Ajit

121

091 Modelling of ergonomically enhanced 3D printed smart prosthetichandHarish R, Surya Bharath, Bhanu Rekha V, Vignesh Kumar M

122

092 Bond graph modeling and analysis of a hybrid hydro-mechanicalpower transmission systemRahul kumar, Anil C Mahato

123

094 CADFEKO analysis of Human tissue models for radiation assessmentJemima Priyadarshini S, Dr. Immanuel Nargunathan J, Dr.Anitha Christy S, Kanimozhi A

124

098 Thermal Soaring and the Control Surface Aerodynamics of an EaglePrantik Dutta, Afeedh Roshan

125

120 Design and Development of Timed Programmable Pet Food FeederN.Muthuram, S.Dhinadaraanisawar, D.Titus Samraj,N.Kirubanandan, M.Dineshkumar

126

127 Specific Energy Absorption and Bending Resistance of HybridBumper BeamGaurav Tiwari, Amita Shinde

127

130 Modelling of fine korai fiber extraction machine to reduce user’sfatigueVignesh Kumar M, Harish R, Surya Bharath

128

135 EMI based Fatigue life assessment of friction stir welded AA5083-Oand AA6063-T6 aluminium alloyReetesh Kumar Shukla, K.N. Pandey

129

141 Low-cost emergeny ventilatorMathiyazhagan R, Prakatish P R, Muthamizharasu P, SathishKumar G

130

156 Comparison of fault detection data from defective ball bearings usingArtificial Neural NetworksAkhil VM, Aravind S L, Ravikiran Nayak

131

158 Optimization of Processing Parameter for Optimal Performance ofDyneema HB - 50 CompositeArunesh Kumar Srivastava, K.N.Pandey

132

159 Design, Thermo-mechanical analysis and optimization of an ICEngine Piston With Aluminium and ALSi4032Nishant Patel, Ashok Atulkar

133

166 Design of Spherical Hopping Terrain Surveillance RobotKishorekumar K, Raja K, Saravanan R, Annamalai R, Karthik K

134

175 Design of special purpose hydraulic forging press for 15000 tonnagecapacityM S. Tufail , R.B. Chadge, K.S.Ansari, D.B. Meshram

135

176 A Review on the Auxiliary drones used as safety system for passengeraircraftUjjal Kalita, Krishnanand K Anandakrishnan

136

183 Effects of rear spoilers on aerodynamic forces of passenger carsAakash, Priyanka Rajeev, Vadivukkarasan M

137

EnergyPaperID

TitlePageno.

016 Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Thermo- ElectricGenerator Used in CI EnginesB. Naveen Kumar, G. Ganesh Kumar

141

020 Experimental study on Water quality enhancement: MicroNanobubbles TechnologyDilip Singh J, Senthilkumar G

142

021 A novel design of internal heat exchangers in metal hydride systemfor hydrogen storageSwaraj D. Lewis, Purushothama Chippar

143

023 Simulation Analysis of Wind Turbine Generator SystemPrakash Malaiyappan, Buckshumiyan A, K.R.Shanmuga Vadivu

144

028 CFD Study on Natural Convection Inside a Closed Chamber due toSodium FireAjay Rawat, A. Jasmin Sudha, V. Subramanian, R. Venkatesan, S.Athmalingam, B. Venkatraman

145

037 Bio-Plastic Preparation Using Potato, Corn And Rice Based StarchesSenthilkumar G, Mubeen banu A, Prasanth M

146

038 Investigation on the Reduction of Oil Coking Issue in Turbo Chargerfor Compressed Natural Gas EngineVenkatesh S, Purusothaman Mani, Gowthaman S , Babu R

147

042 Design and Fabrication of Fuel less Power GenerationMadhan Kumar G, Purusothaman M, Jenith Raj J, PradeepKumar J

148

055 Cooling of Gearbox Oil Using Peltier ModuleKarthikeyan.A, Purusothaman M, Srinivasa Rao V, Vales Thomson

149

056 Assessment of diverse characteristics of diesel engine fuelled withvarious biofuels: A ReviewGeddam Prasada Rao, L.S.V.Prasad, V. Dhana Raju

150

066 Investigation of performance and emissions of direct-injection dieselengine fueled with quaternary blendsMd. Modassir Khan, Arun Kumar Kadian

151

076 A Mathematical Steady-State Energy Balance Model for Studying thePhysiology of the Human BodyShashikant Das, Sudhakar Subudhi, Deepak Kumar

152

079 Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Composite Phase ChangeMaterial in Spherical EncapsulationOhviya Lakshmi K, Viswa balaji S, Agilan SV, Sundaram P

153

081 Investigation on Hydrogen Production using Concentrated SolarThermal (CST) Technology through Thermochemical Water Splittingand Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOEC)Senthil Kumar, K. Ravi Kumar

154

082 A Study on Rayleigh Plateau Instability in Slender Jets of NuclearMaterialsM Chandra Kumar, A Jasmin Sudha, V Subramanian,R.Venkatesan , S Athmalingam , B Venkatraman

155

083 Numerical Investigation of a Channel during Loss of Coolant AccidentBhuwanesh Kumar, Ravi Kumar, Akhilesh Gupta

156

103 Experimental Comparative Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement inShell and Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger with Winged Insert andAnnular FinR.Periyasamy, S.Santhia

157

108 Modelling Of Solar Thermal Based Adsorption Cooling System forResidential BuildingShubha Deep Paul, K. Ravi Kumar

158

123 A review on piezoelectric vibration energy harvestersKirandeep Singh, Rohit Tamrakar

159

125 CFD simulation and evaluation of dispersion process associated withcooling water system of nuclear plantP.Suganya, G.Swaminathan, B.Anoop

160

131 Simulation Studies on Harmonic Analysis of Lighting LoadsMadhu Palati, Madhu M.C

161

136 Effects of hot and cold EGR in CRDI diesel engine fuelled with B20blend of rice bran oil biodieselS.Aravinthan, David Lazar, M.A.Habeebullah, J.Jayaprabakar

162

143 A comprehensive review on the numerical analysis of flow fieldcharacteristics over NACA aerofoils in the presence of rainPraneeth H R, Amit Kumar Thakur, J. Ronald Aseer

163

144 A Comprehensive Review on Space debris and its MitigationTechniquesSamruddhi Chaugule, Amit Kumar Thakur

164

145 Critical Review on Optimization of Star Propellant Grain DesignAditya Sharma, Amit Kumar Thakur

165

146 Understanding of SpaceTime-4th DimensionMS Ragul, Bhawadharanee, Amit Kumar Thakur

166

151 Experimental study on low-temperature solar collector usingaluminum single and double-slit twisted tapeElumalai Vengadesan, Ramalingam Senthil

167

155 PMSG Based Wind Energy Conversion System with MPPTControlled Boost ConverterVivek Kisku, Sukanta Roga, Subir Dutta

168

168 A Review of PV Power Utilizations in India and Impacts ofSegregation and Safe Disposal of Toxic Components from RetiredSolar PanelsJayapradha P, Dr.Debabrata Barik

169

173 Four Port Converters with PV and Fuel Cell for Low-Voltage BipolarDC Micro gridS.Sharma, K.Rajambal

170

185 Evaluation of Combustion Characteristics of Fuel Derived from theWaste Lubricating Oil with N-Pentanol Additives in Diesel EngineVenkatesan, S.P, Subbiah Ganesan, S.Lakshmisankar, P. L.Leonard Ignatius, Naveen.R

171

Human subtlety will never devise an invention more beautiful, more simple ormore direct than does nature because in her inventions nothing is lacking, andnothing is superfluous.

- Leonardo da Vinci

I don't spend my time pontificating about high-concept things; I spend my timesolving engineering and manufacturing problems.

- Elon Musk

Second International Conference on Future Technologies (ICoFT 2021)

37

Paper ID: 001

The machining behavior of 52100 bearing steelJai Tiwari , Kalyan Chakraborty*

National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam 788010, INDIA*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract The work presents the machining behaviour of 52100 bearing steel. Theturning of the 52100-bearing steel was performed on a lathe. Subsequently, thescanning electron microscopic study was done on the machining chips. The powerlaw equation (σ = Kε n) was formed by the universal tensile testing for thisspecimen. The von Mises stresses at different experimental conditions wereestimated by using the equation. The shear forces of the shear zone wereevaluated using the stresses. The shear force data were used to form the regressionequation. The equation correlated the shear forces with the speed, feed and depthof cut (DOC). The SEM examination of the chip surface indicated the white layerat the lowest speed, feed and depth of cut. The white layer forms because of theformation of finer martensite due to the severe plastic deformation and thedynamic recrystallization. The SEM examination for the side surface of the chipshowed the presence of numerous cracks at the lowest speed, feeds and DOC.The effect of strain hardening is seen to be operating extensively at the lowest andmoderate speed for all feed and DOC. At the highest speed the interaction by thethermal effect is evidenced by the formation of a white layer at the chip edge. Thewhite layer forms through the phase transformation. The reverse martensitictransformation from the austenite state occurs during deformation at the highstrain rate with the air quench effect during the chip formation process.Keywords: Machining, Power Law Equation, Plastic Deformation


38

Paper ID: 007

Experimental Investigation on MechanicalProperties of Randomly Oriented Palm Leaf Stalk

fiber with Natural Filler Reinforced PolymerComposite Materials

Gurupranes SV1*, Rajendran I2 , Shanmuga Sundram N3

1*Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College ofEngineering and Technology, Pollachi, Tamilnadu, 642003, India

2Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering andTechnology, Pollachi, Tamilnadu, 642003, India

3Assistant Professor (SS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College ofEngineering and Technology, Pollachi, Tamilnadu, 642003, India

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract The composite enters a recent development by utilizing natural fibers,both as reinforcement or filler in polymer matrix. The benefits of utilizing naturalmaterials are being environmentally friendly, abundant natural availability, highstrength, low cost and simple extraction process. There are some syntheticmaterials which produce toxic substance when heated to some temperature. Hencereplacing these materials with natural materials has more benefit of environment.In this research work, the Palmyra palm leaf stalk fiber (PPLSF) and coconut shellpowder (CSP) reinforced polymer composites were fabricated by compressionmolding method and the tensile properties were investigated experimentally. Theweight fraction of the composite was fixed as 35:65. The composites werefabricated by different compositions by weight fraction such as 25:10, 20:15, 15:20,10:25 and (PPLSF/CSP). The result shows that the 20:15 composition(PPLSF/CSP) exhibited highest tensile strength is 33 N/mm2 and the flexuralProperties of PPLF composite is 83.56 MPa respectively.Keywords: Natural fiber, Polymer matrix, Extraction process, PPLSF, CSP,Compression Molding, weight fraction, Tensile strength, Flexural Properties.


39

Paper ID: 009

Optimization of machining parameters in drillingof AA 7075 alloys using TOPSIS and Taguchi

MethodReddy Sreenivasulu*

Department of Mechanical Engineering,R.V.R & J.C.College of Engineering (Autonomous), Guntur, AndhraPradesh, INDIA - 522019

*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract The effectiveness of any manufacturing process strongly depends on theselection of proper machining parameters. Most of the cases, selection ofmachining parameters are found by operator decisions based on skill andexperience on that particular area of work. The selection of most suitablemachining parameters is a multi-criteria decision making problem which is basedon the several qualitative and even some conflicting factors involved. In the currentwork by employing the technique for order of preference by similarity to idealsolution (TOPSIS) method to get best optimal selection of drilling parameters toperform holes with HSS twist drill bits on AA7075 alloy as a work piece material.Based on the five input factors such as rotary speed, feedrate, drill diameter, pointangle and clearance angle and three their levels, L27 orthogonal array was selectedaccording to Taguchi method. In this experimental investigation, the outputresponses burr height, thrust force and surface roughness are measured with wellcalibrated instruments. Finally concluded that rotary speed 795 rpm, feedrate 26mm/min, drill diameter 10mm, point angle 100o, clearance angle 8o leading to thevalue of optimum response variables burr height 0.164 mm, thrust force 397 N andsurface roughness 1.326 µm are attained with TOPSIS.Keywords: Burr height, Thrust force, Surface roughness, TOPSIS.


40

Paper ID: 010

Mechanical Characterization of a PeninsularGneiss Rock Dust Flour Reinforced Aluminium

Metal Matrix CompositesPrashanth B1, Subramanya Raghavendra*2 and.N.B.Doddapattar1

1 Cambridge Institute of Technology North Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India2* Sai Vidya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

*Corresponding Author Email address: : [email protected]

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanical wear and drysliding effects of the Al7068 / rocky soil compound with varied weight fractions(2.5%,5%,7.5%,and 10%) generated by the liquid metallurgy process. The averageparticle size of rock dust is 200 microns. Al7068 alloys were cast without stonepowder reinforcement as the foundation for the research. Hardness and Tensileproperties of these composites were evaluated and compared with As-cast alloy andthe composites without T6 heat treatment. In addition, tribological properties ofthese composites were evaluated using a Pin-on-Disc apparatus with differentparameters (constant velocity of 2 m/s and varying loads as follows 0.5kg, 1kg,1.5kg, 2kg, 2.5kg and 3kg). The wear and mechanical properties of compositesimprove with increasing the weight fraction of rock dust up to 10%.Keywords: Rock flour, Microstructure, dry sliding wear


41

Paper ID: 019

Friction Stir Processing of Magnesium MetalMatrix Composites: A Review

Roshan V. Marode1* and Srinivasa Rao Pedapati21,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak

32610, Malaysia*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Abstract The world is more cautious about the environment and become alignedto eco-friendly, low-emission vehicles that are lightweight and efficient in thismodern day. The lightest structural metal available on the earth is magnesium andhence is an excellent alternate material for various engineering applications wherethe weight of the material is a significant design parameter. Friction StirProcessing (FSP) is a solid-state severe plastic deformation (SPD) process thatworks on the friction stir welding (FSW) principle. Magnesium metal matrixcomposites (MMMCs) have gained interest in the automotive, aerospace,biomedical, and power industries. Friction stir processing (FSP) has recentlygained favor as a method for generating composites in solid-state. The reviewprovides a thorough insight into the working operation of FSP, factors affecting,tool parameters, different reinforcement particles, and their influence on a range ofproperties like hardness, tensile strength, corrosion, and tribological properties ofMg alloys. The current paper investigates the progress made in the field ofmagnesium composites manufactured through FSP since the origination of theprocess. This review also gives a recommendation for future research in the field ofMMMCs.Keywords: Magnesium alloys, Magnesium Matrix Composites, Friction StirProcessing, Mechanical Properties.


42

Paper ID: 024

Effect of load on hot impression creep behaviour ofAlSi10Mg processed through SLM route

Vadapally Rama Rao1*, Deepak K. Pattanayak2, C. Vanitha11 Dept. of Metallurgical and Mater. Engineering, NIT Warangal, TS, India

2 CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630006, India*Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. AlSi10Mg alloy is a popular material in the aerospace and automotiveindustries due to its high specific strength and thermal conductivity. AlSi10Mgcylindrical samples of 10 mm height and 15 mm diameter processed throughSelective Laser Melting (SLM) route and subsequently solutionised at 500ºC for 2hours and water quenched. Hot impression tests were carried out for a dwell timeof 4 hours at three different loads of 3kg, 5kg, 7kg at 100ºC for both builtcondition and solutionised samples. The indentation depth vs. time was plottedand creep rate was calculated in each case. Optical microscopy, Scanning electronmicroscopy and XRD were used for the microstructural analysis. It was observedthat the indentation depth and creep rate increased with increased in load. Atconstant temperature and load, with increase in time, creep rate increased in theprimary creep region and remained almost constant in the secondary creep region.Keywords: AlSi10Mg, Hot impression creep, Indentation depth Creep rate


43

Paper ID: 031

Modelling of Volumetric Shrinkage of Nylon partsfabricated by 3D printing process

Shakti Shekhar Puri1, Faheem Faroze1, Sourabh Sharma2, Vineet Srivastava1*, Arun Tom Mathew2

1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala,India

2 School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract 3D Printing (3DP) process is a very efficient manufacturing techniquewidely used for improving the design quality. However 3DP process is not free fromdefects. Most common defect observed in 3D printed parts is dimensionalinaccuracy. One of the methods to evaluate shrinkage and accuracy of part isthrough the estimation of volumetric shrinkage. Here, an effort has been made tomodel the volumetric shrinkage of nylon parts fabricated using 3D Printing. Layerheight, extruder temperature, extrusion width and printing speed were theparameters selected. 31 experiment have been conducted in this study. A quadraticmodel has been developed to estimate the volumetric shrinkage. It has been foundthat layer height, extruder temperature and extrusion width has major significanceon the volumetric shrinkage. It was noted that volumetric shrinkage soars withincrease in extrusion width and decreases with increase layer height, extrudertemperature and printing speed. The model has been validated and optimumprocess parameters have been identified. The effect of part orientation onvolumetric shrinkage has been also analyzed and 0° orientation gave leastvolumetric shrinkage.Keywords: Volumetric Shrinkage, Nylon, Layer Height, Extruder Temperature


44

Paper ID: 034

Finite Element Analysis and ExperimentalInvestigation of Sandwich Composite Material

made by Stainless Steel with NylonJayaprakash Venugopal, Purusothaman M*, Raja Rajeswari A, Pasupathy S, Kulothungan K,

Lakshmipathy DSchool of Mechanical Engineering

Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract The aim of the experiment is to characterize and evaluate themechanical properties of dispersed nylon 6 and stainless steel a304 composites withvarious fibers mass fraction by using ANSYS. The composites materials andsampling are to be prepared in laboratory by using hand layup method with asuitable fabrication procedure & quality control. Prepared nylon and stainless steeldispersed composites are evaluated by means of destructive tests. in epoxy polymerbased composites because of their good strength, stiffness nylon fiber compositesare having potential to use a reinforcing material. In present experiment,mechanical properties of nylon fiber composites were evaluated. In this, nylon fiberis the fiber reinforcement & epoxy polymer resin as a matrix material with epoxybased polymer, composites are prepared with longitudinal and cross nylon fiberreinforced. Mechanical test such as hardness and tensile test performed. A varietyof applications of stainless-steel composite materials are used in civil andmechanical engineering as well as in other industrial areas.Keywords: Stainless steel, Nylon, Composites, Epoxy resin.


45

Paper ID: 035

Sustainable utilization of banana peel powder forthe development of 3D printed food package casing

Sundus Nida, Moses J.A., Anandharamakrishnan C*Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit

National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM)- ThanjavurMinistry of Food processing Industries, Govt. of India, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

* Corresponding Author Email address:: [email protected]

Abstract The present work investigates the printability of banana peel powderusing additive manufacturing technique for the development of 3D food packagecasing. Guar gum was used to convert non-printable banana peel powder intoprintable form. Rheological study and textural profile analysis were carried out forthe prepared material supply from banana peel powder with and without theaddition of guar gum. Banana peel material supply with added hydrocolloid wasfound to be extrudable out of the nozzle. With the decrease in viscosity of thematerial supply, rheological behavior exhibited an increase in shear rate. Thisindicates shear-thinning behavior, which assists in consistent material extrusion viathe printer's nozzle. Banana peel powder with added guar gum was 3D printed in a'box' shaped geometry using a food 3D printer. The parameters of the 3D printingprocess were optimized using nozzle of 1.2 mm diameter at 150 rpm motor speedand by applying 6 bar pressure. At a printing speed of 500 mm/min, the desiredmaterial supply extrusion with stable layers was observed. The critical nozzleheight of 0.8 mm was optimal for desired printing. Thus, 3D printing foodpackaging with agricultural biomass is a sustainable waste-reduction strategy usingadditive manufacturing technique. In addition, the study suggests a feasiblealternative to petroleum-based plastic packagingKeywords: Additive manufacturing, banana peel, waste utilization, food packages.


46

Paper ID: 043

Comprehensive review on mechanical characters ofplant particle reinforced poly lactic acid

biocompositesSachin S Raj 1*, Vivekanandhan Chinnasamy 2, Karthik Aruchamy 3

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gnanamani College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu,India.

2 Department of Mechanical, Energy and Industrial Engineering, Botswana International Universityof Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana

3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSM College of Engineering, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu,India.


Abstract Bio composites developed in the past few decades have gained atmostattention amidst researchers among which natural fiber particulate and woodparticle reinforced plastic composites commit towards versatile applications.Natural fiber powder reinforced plastics in the current market are commonlydeveloped with petroleum based polymers that pose environmental hazards ondisposal. Inorder to develop an alternative resource for these, many attempts havebeen made using various bioplastics as matrix materials with wood and plantparticle form reinforcements. Poly Lactic Acid with natural fiber reinforcementhave majorly resulted in providing good mechanical performance among whichparticulate or powdered form processed to micro and nano sized reinforcementsexhibit outstanding mechanical properties when compared to long and short fiberreinforcements. This review consolidates previous research profiles that haveworked with poly lactic acid reinforced with various wood flour and plant fiberparticulate combinations to provide a database for researchers working in thesimilar frame.Keywords: Poly Lactic Acid, Wood flour, Natural plant fiber particles,Mechanical properties.


47

Paper ID: 045

Investigation on the Characteristics of Jute-KevlarBased Hybrid Nano Composite

Nivin Joy, Venkatesh S, Purusothaman Mani*, Sathishkumar S, Shankar RSchool of Mechanical Engineering,

Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract The particular ultimate objective to proportion normal resources andmonitor essentialness, weight decline has been the chief focus of vehicle makers inthe current circumstance. Weight diminishing can be cultivated essentially by theintroduction of low thickness materials. In this way, the Industry has shownincrease excitement for overriding of steel material with that of composite material.The place of this work was to choose the unbending nature, Modulus ofadaptability, flexural quality, influence quality, weight and cost of Kevlar-Jutecomposite. Epoxy SE 70 framework was used for the composite of Kevlar and Jute.Test tests were prepared using pressure forming. This is a remarkable technique tomake composite things. Indicatively, the volume piece and weight division,unbending nature, modulus of flexibility, weight and cost of composite model wasfigured. Preliminary test drove on model using Universal Testing Machine. Theresults exhibited that the properties of Kevlar-Jute composites can be widelyimproved by joining of Kevlar in jute fibres composites redesigning the propertiesof coming with regards to mutt composites. Stacking course of action through andthrough impacts the flexural quality. The Kevlar to jute extent fabricates themalleable, flexural quality, influence imperativeness, strain essentialness andreduces the greatness of model. Dynamically the Kevlar rate cuts down the epoxyrate, so the expense is diminished of model.

Keywords: Jute- Kevlar, Hybrid, Nanocomposite


48

Paper ID: 046

Experimental Research on the Hardness andScratch Testing of Oil Hardening Non-ShrinkageMaterial with Titanium Nitride Coating by PVD

MethodBritto Joseph J, Purusothaman M*, Siva.P, Ravinth M,

School of Mechanical EngineeringSathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. This works implies the impacts of heat treatment on mechanical andphysical qualities, such as quenching, tempering, and TiN coating of untreated Oil-hardened non-shrinking die steel which comes under tool steel grade which iswidely used in manufacturing fixture and gauges. The paper contributes to betterunderstanding of the tempering temperature up to 600°C. Coating gets depositedat 250°C onto the heat-treated condition and Titanium Nitride coating is done byusing Physical Vapor Deposition method. The paper contributes to betterunderstanding of the Tempering processes which have been conducted on uncoatedsubstrates (specimens without TiN coating) by the specimens at austenitetemperature condition slowly preheated up to 650°C and then finally heated at788-816°C. These specimens were cooled via oil quench. Tempering processes weredone at temperatures of 200 and 535°C with holding time of 10 to 30 minutes. Theconclusion is that keeping the tin coating temperature higher than the temperingtemperature allows for coating. The hardness will be decreased.Keywords: TiN coating, Tempering, Hardness, Surface finish.


49

Paper ID: 057

Characterization of Process Parameters in MicroEDM on Stainless Steel

M.Madhavi1*, P.Srikanth2

1 Mechanical Engineering, VBIT, Hyderabad2 Mechanical Engineeringt, KITS, Warangal

* Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract Micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (Micro-EDM) is one of thederivative forms of EDM. This is a versatile operation to create micro-holes onhard materials for conduction used in micro machining applications. Short durationpulses of electric discharge and a high density of current between the tool and thework piece removes material on the surface. The dielectric fluid flushes away themetal that has deteriorated on the work piece's and tool's surfaces. Because of itsincreasing uses in many sectors, a study had been conducted to assess the influenceof Micro-EDM process parameters on Stainless Steel 304 employing brass electrode.The current research focuses on the effects of factors such as Pulse on Time (Ton),Pulse off Time (Toff), and Peak current on output parameters such as MetalRemoval Rate (MRR) and Tool Wear Rate (TWR). Drilling micro holes with sizesof 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm on SS 304 is done for this purpose. To examine the results,the Taguchi method is used. The results are then graphically assessed in order tostudy the performance measures of Micro-EDM.Keywords: Micro EDM, Process Parameters, MRR, TWR, Taguchi


50

Paper ID: 059

Enhancing Impact Strength of AdditivelyManufactured Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Nylon compositeMahesh Naik1*, D. G. Thakur1 and Sunil Chandell

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Pune,Maharashtra, India - 411025

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is largely used AdditiveManufacturing (AM) technique because of its minimum equipment cost, variety ofmaterial availability and ease of operation. But, due to low mechanical strength,FDM has limited application in functional parts. The correct choice of printingvariables can improve the strength of additively manufactured FDM components.Therefore, in this research, the izod impact strength of the FDM compositespecimen has been evaluated by considering three printing variables, viz. layerheight, infill pattern and infill density. The geometry of the test specimen is fixedbased upon the ASTM D256 standard. The test specimens were manufactured atvarious printing parameters. Based on Taguchi methodology, the experiments wereconducted. This research aims to determine the optimum printing variable to getthe maximum impact strength of a 3D printed compo-site. Analysis of Variancewas accomplished to calculate the percentage contribution of each printing variableand to get the most significant printing parameter. A confirmatory test was alsocarried out by considering the optimum printing parameters. Based on the result,the impact strength was affected more by layer height than infill pattern and infilldensity. The value of impact strength corresponding to the optimum printingvariables of layer height, 0.2 mm; infill density, 42% and infill pattern, hexagonal,was found to be 186.32 J/m.Keywords: AM, Impact Strength, Taguchi Method, ANOVA


51

Paper ID: 060

Hypersonic Impact, Flexural and Tensile Testingon the Natural Fibre with Influence of the

NanocompositieManigandan S, Purusothaman M*, Venkatesh S, Obuliraj, Jeevanantham J,School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology,

Chennai, India* Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract The Regular fiber composite, because of its high strength and Wearinessopposition is utilized in airplane underlying application. The present proposed workcenters around Increment mechanical properties and framework composites by theexpansion of fortifications. The principle objective of this exploration work is tomake the Regular fiber composite which was manufactured utilizing Hand lay-uptechnique on epoxy sap process considering two fortifications, for example,graphene. The natural fibre was fabricated as per ASTM standards and mechanicaltests such tensile, impact, flexural, Sem testing are take in specimens based on theweight percentage of reinforcements. The accompanying ends are gotten from theproposed research work on concentrate on the different properties of the regularfiber under the given by the mixture composite arrangement and supporters ofsupport and has been directed through different testing cycles to show up at thedefinite induction on the ideal reach for achieving the ideal presentation of theconstituents in light of its properties across different areas in correlation among thediverse foreordained examples. Mechanical properties of created normal fibercomposite from the SEM micrograph it was cleared vulnerability our material.

Keywords: Bamboo, Palm & Remy fiber, Graphene Nanocomposite.


52

Paper ID: 064

Design and fabrication of intra campus mobilityelectric two-wheeler

Kiranlal S1* , Brathikan V M2 and Lalith H N3

1 Assistant Professor, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore2 Research Associate, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore

3UG Student, Kumaraguru college of Technology, CoimbatoreCorresponding Author : Kiranlal S, Email : [email protected]

Abstract. There is developing interest in Electric Bikes in India as there will be

less air contamination, lower support cost, and decreased commotion utilizingElectric-Bikes. Since the petrol prices are increasing there is a great market for theEV vehicles. Further EV market in India is growing rapidly. The analysis is doneto study the structure development of the product. An approach utilizing the finitemodel is created to rapidly examine the design. Point-by-point investigationutilizing components is done to precisely anticipate the burdens. FEA results areapproved with component-level testing and stress-strain values are noted.Vibrational attributes are concentrated via completing the modular investigationwith explicit dynamics on the chassis. Further explicit dynamics are done to studyhow the chassis behaves with the time of the crash and also with the particularvelocity. This electric two-wheeler is mainly designed for intra campus mobility forstudents and staff so that a lot of carbon emission will be reduced.Keywords: E-Bike, FEA, Intra campus mobility.


53

Paper ID: 067

Experimental Investigation and Optimization ofMachining Parameters during Dry Turning of AISI

1050 steel using Parallel TurningDereje Gemechu Bedane 1*[0000-0001-8135-2865], Endalkachew Mosisa Gutema2 [0000-0002-1628-7216] and Mahesh

Gopal 3[0000-0001-7672-5399]

1 PG Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology,Wollega University, Post Box No: 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia.

2, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering andTechnology, Wollega University, Post Box No: 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia.

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract. Parallel turning process utilizes more than one cutting tool formachining the work piece. But due to interaction of parallel tools at a same timean additional settings are needed to escalate the stability of the machine and tool.The current study utilizes a supplementary cutting tool, placed near to the cuttingtool by using special modeled jigs. In this study, the effect of cutting parametersover surface roughness and material removal rate are studied by considering AISI1050 steel as work piece under dry machining conditions using two coated carbidecutting tool. Surface roughness profilometer were used to measure the quality ofsurface roughness. The cutting parameters are optimized by using Taguchi L9orthogonal array design of experiments and ANOVA. The MINITAB 17 software isemployed to solve the coefficient of the regression model. Cutting speed was themost remarkable parameter of surface roughness, followed by rate of feed under dryconditions. The best surface quality achieved with optimal cutting parameters was1.05 µm.Keywords: AISI 1050 Steel, Surface roughness, ANOVA, Taguchi method


54

Paper ID: 070

Recent advancements in the fabrication of ceramicmatrix composite: A critical review

Prasoon Choudhary*, Gurinder Singh BrarDepartment of Mechanical Engineering

National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. This article is a comprehensive review of the material property anddifferent processing methods to improve the properties of ceramic matrixcomposites e.g. toughness, stiffness, high-temperature resistance, and wearresistance. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have better industrial importancedue to their high thermal and mechanical properties as compared to single phaseceramic materials. Due to the utilization of ceramic material as both for matrixand reinforcement, various properties of CMC can be improved such as thermalconductivity, mechanical strength, and hardness etc. It is found that differentmanufacturing process also affects the properties of ceramic matrix composites.The advantages and disadvantages of various existing processing methods for theCMCs are also discussed. CMCs performances are affected by the nature of thematrix, reinforcement, and different fabrication process. It is important to selectproper matrix and reinforcement material of ceramic matrix composites withsuitable fabrication processes for better performance. Also, it is important toimprove the mechanical bonding at the interface between the matrix and thereinforcement of ceramic matrix composite. By proper selection of materials andprocessing by appropriate methods, CMCs are used for various applications e.g.automobile industries, aircraft, marine, gas turbine, nuclear reactors, and otherstructural applications. This review on the fabrication of ceramic matrixcomposites is expected to provide suitable information for the development ofvarious CMCs for industrial and structural applicationsKeywords: CMC, Matrix, Reinforcement


55

Paper ID: 071

Effect of MIG Welding Process on Hardfacing ofInconel 718 over Stainless Steel 347

Karpagaraj A 1*[0000-0002-0323-5732] Sarala R2[0000-0003-2644-5414] Shobin L R3[0000-0002- 8570-7309] Hemantpriyadarshi4[0000-0003-0941-6152] and Aswin C Gowda5[0000-0001-7374- 3196]

1 National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal 609609, India2 Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering & Technology – Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu

630004, India.3 SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tiruchirappalli Campus, Tiruchirappalli – 621105,

Tamilnadu, India.4 National Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 800005, India

5 Visvesvaraya Technological University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560091, India*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Abstract. The welding process used for cladding and hard facing is cost-effective.Nowadays, Metal Inert Gas Welding (MIG) is very popular to deposit wearresistant metal over the surface. This study uses MIG welding to deposit Inconel718 (filler with 1.2 mm diameter) on 5 mm thick stainless steel 347. The layerdeposition parameter is found based on the Bead on Plate (BoP) trials, an optimalparameter of 120A, 20V, travel speed of 250 mm/min, wire feed rate 4.5 mm/min,and gas flow rate of 20 L/min. Overlap of 50% is selected to make the layerthickness of 3 mm deposited in the ss 347 surfaces. The effect of heat input on themicrostructural changes and mechanical properties are studied. At the top portionof the Inconel 718, coarse grains are identified. The tensile test performed at theinterface and deposit is 686 MPa and 798 MPa. Metal deposition strength is about20.17 % higher than the base metal strength. The three-point bend test shows thatnot much more brittleness in the samples. Micro hardness in the top portion is 218Hv, at interface 180 Hv, and base metal 164 Hv.Keywords: Hard facing, MIG welding, Inconel 718, Mechanical behavior.


56

Paper ID: 080

Effect of B4C on Mechanical Properties of AZ91CMetal Matrix Composite

N. Jayakrishna1, Dega Nagaraju2, *

1 Research Scholar, School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT), Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu,

2,* School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT),Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.


Abstract. The magnesium based composite materials plays an important role inaerospace and automobile industries because of their low density, stiffness & highspecific strength. These composite materials were needed to increase the strength,surface finish, machinability, corrosion resistance etc. To address such problem thiswork has been focused on the preparation of magnesium-based metal matrixcomposite materials AZ91C reinforced with the B4C with two different proportionswhich are prepared by using the casting process. For the characterization of theprepared Mg based MMCs various tests like tensile test and hardness test havebeen performed on three model sample specimens of namely AZ91C (100%) + B4C(0%), AZ91C (98%) + B4C (2%) And AZ91C (96%) + B4C (4%). It was foundthat the compressive strength and hardness is decreased due to addition of the B4Cto the matrix alloy AZ91C while tensile strength is increased. The tensile strengthis increased by 15.58% with the addition of 4% B4C when compared with 2% ofB4C and also hardness is increased by 31.49%. The compressive strength isdecreased by 41.43% with the addition of 4% B4C when compared with 2% of B4C.Keywords: AZ91C, B4C, Mechanical Properties.


57

Paper ID: 096

Design and Development of Pineapple leaf fiberextraction Machine for Sustainable DevelopmentSurya Bharath1*[0000-0002-8233-6389], Vignesh Kumar M2[0000-0002-3004-8895], Nitheesh P3[0000-0002-1327-0152], Bhanu

Rekha V4[0000-0001-8347-0291] and Harish R5[0000-0003-4891-8040]

1 3 5 UG Scholar, School of Fashion Technology, KCG College of Technology2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KCG College of Technology4HoD and Associate Professor, School of Fashion technology, KCG College of Technology


Abstract. The post-harvest waste generated is one of the major issues in theagriculture sector. Agro-waste causes immense environmental and practical issuesin the disposal, which is usually burned or dumped. To overcome theenvironmental hazards caused by pineapple cultivation's agro-waste, we havefabricated a pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) extraction machine. The agro waste canserve as a potential natural fiber source, which can be converted into varioussustainable products of the waste generated. The machine will act as a one-stoptool for the extraction and processing of the pineapple leaf fibres. The PALFmachine fabricated produces processed fibres at the end of the delivery chamber,where preliminary chemical treatment is finished. The products developed out ofthe pineapple leaf fibres have vast applications in textiles, medicals, handicraftsadded with its eco-friendly nature, benefitting the environment. The paper presentsthe features of the PALF extraction machine fabricated such as increased yieldrate(%), reduced post-processing waste(gram), efficiency(%), etc., And also discussthe abundant sustainability potential of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) products.Keywords: Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF), Agriculture waste, Natural fibre,Sustainability.


58

Paper ID: 097

Modelling of cold spray coating bondingmechanism for Aluminum alloy

Rajendra Kumar R T P 1*, Jayabal K 2

1, 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering - SMart and Innovative Laboratory for Energy Devices(SMILE), Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Kancheepuram,

Chennai – 600127.*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The Adiabatic Shear Instability (ASI) based bonding mechanism incold spray coating is studied using finite element method in this work. The natureof bonding taking place in cold spray process is quite different from otherconventional thermal spray process due to its solid state deposition resulting inmechanical bonding. The jet formation of ASI, accompanied with severe plasticdeformation and interface temperature, plays a significant role in the bondingprocess. Here, pure Aluminum particles and Al2524T3 alloy substrate areconsidered to analyze the deformation behavior of particle with the help of JohnsonCook model to compare temporal evolution of critical element interfacetemperature and sudden stress breakdown, with energy balance for predicting thebonding velocity. The obtained results indicate that the main factors promotingASI are particle velocity and temperature. The jet formations acquired throughmodelling results are then compared with the experimentally reportedmicrostructure of splat formation for validation.Keywords: ASI, FEM, Cold spray coating, Johnson Cook model.


59

Paper ID: 099

Mechanical, microstructural characterization andtribological response of Al 5050/B4c/Sic stir cast

hybrid metal matrix compositeP. Sri Sukesh1*, Y. Vasu1, Dr M. Venkateswara Rao2, Dr V. Damodara Naidu3

1Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bapatla Engg. College, Bapatla, A.P,India.

2professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bapatla Engg. College, Bapatla, A.P, India.3principal & professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bapatla Engg. College, Bapatla, A.P,

India.*Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Al alloy matrix composites are popping up as modern engineeringmaterials due to their high strength, stiffness, good wear resistance, and corrosiveresistance properties. The use of Al-5050 alloy has been increased tremendously inNaval and space research. Now the present effort is concerned with the Mechanical,Microstructural characterization and Tribological behavior of Al-5050 reinforcedwith SiC and B4C with varying weight percentages of particles by Stir castingapproach. The properties such as Hardness, the microstructural properties such asSEM, XRD and Porosity, and the tribological properties such as Wear behavior arestudied in the present investigation. The results yield that on an average theHardness of the composite increases with an increase of B4C percentage. It wasalso found that the resistance to wear is sky-high for the composite with Al5050-91%, B4C -6%, SiC-3%. For the detection of crystalline phases in the compositesX-Ray diffraction technique was used. Diffraction peak positions obtained from theXRD test can also be used to calculate unit cell dimensions. Density and porosityperformance of all fabricated composites were pin pointed. It was observed that theporosity of all the combinations are under 3%.Keywords: Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites, Al 5050, B4C, SiC, MMC, XRD.


60

Paper ID: 100

An evaluation of density and compressionproperties of AZ91D-SiC metal matrix composite

produced through powder metallurgyKarthik Kumar1, B Chandu Naik2, D Ravi Jakhar3, Sudhanshu Ranjan4, Packia Antony Amalan

A5*[0000-0003-4572-5745], N. M. Sivaram6[0000-0003-0661-6677]

1-4 Fourth year B.Tech Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute ofTechnology Puducherry, Karaikal 609 609, India.

5* Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of TechnologyPuducherry, Karaikal 609 609, India.

6 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of TechnologyPuducherry, Karaikal 609 609, India.

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Abstract. This study reported that the physical and compression properties ofsilicon carbide reinforced AZ91D magnesium alloy composite. Silicon carbidepowders were added as reinforcement, 1 to 3 weight percent with magnesium alloyAZ91D. The samples were prepared through powder metallurgy method. Ballmilling process was carried out for one hour at a rotational speed of 315 rpm.Compaction was performed at 10 ton hydraulic press. Sintering temperature wasmaintained at 380 oC for 90 minutes. The samples were studied with twogeometrical shapes such as cuboid and cylindrical shapes. The cuboid shapeAZ91D-1SiC (wt.%) composite sample possessed density and porosity are 1.54 g/ccand 15.6 % respectively. Similarly, the cylindrical shaped composite had 1.62 g/cc,10.96%, respectively. Maximum obtained Young’s modulus and compressivestrength of cylindrical shaped composite are 249.4 MPa and 9.9 MPa respectively.The possible reason of lower values of compressive strength and Young’s moduluswere due to compaction pressure during fabrication and more porosity in thesamples.Keywords: magnesium, compressive strength, powder metallurgy.


61

Paper ID: 101

Dry sliding wear behaviour of magnesiumnanocomposites - A Statistical Approach

S. Kartheesan 1*, B.Shahul Hamid Khan 2

1, 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design andManufacturing Kancheepuram, Chennai – 600127.


Abstract. In this study, a pure magnesium material reinforced with 0.5, 1, 1.5,and 2 w% of CaO was prepared through disintegrated melt deposition technique(DMD process). Nanocomposites were investigated for their sliding wear behaviorin dry condition at room temperature. The amount of CaO, load, sliding distance,and sliding velocity were selected as input design parameters at their five level incentral composite design using MINITAB 18.1 statistical software. The influence ofdesign parameters on wear loss is reported through the response surfacemethodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to confirm thesoundness of the developed regression equation. The results indicate thecontribution of linear, quadratic, and interaction terms of design parameters onresponse. Three-dimensional response surface and two-dimensional contour plotsindicate the interaction effect. Wear loss of the material decreased as the amountof CaO increased. The ANOVA analysis concluded that the sliding distance andload contribute significantly to wear loss of the composites, and their percentage ofcontribution is 64.02% and 3.69%.Keywords: DMD Process, Nanocomposites, RSM, ANOVA.


62

Paper ID: 104

Incorporating Six-Sigma in e-learning platformduring COVID-19 Pandemic

Pratheesh Kumar S1*, Nithin V2, Akash S3, Sheik Musthaq Ahamed N4

1234 Department of Production Engineering, PSG College of Technology,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.


Abstract. The Covid 19 pandemic has caused various changes in the routine livesof people all across the world. In terms of education, the pandemic resulted in theclosure of educational institutions. Because students were unable to attend coursesand lectures in person, the institutions resorted to using the internet to provideclasses in order to continue their education. Currently the six-sigmaimplementation in this whole system might help to analyze the quality of theeducation which is being delivered through online mode. The data collectionthrough surveys helps to find shortcomings and the advantages. The methodologyused in this paper is DMAIC which undergoes define, measure, analyze, improveand control phases in which the data collected will be analyzed using critical toquality tree (CTQ), bar charts, cause and effect diagram, weighted score matricesand statistical testing to control the process. From this review paper the quality ofthe online education and statistical data of the students and faculty undergoing orconducting the online classes are consolidated and discussed. The data collectedcan be used in the educational research domain if one intends to make research ononline education and this can be used to assess the quality of education.Keywords: Online education, six sigma, COVID-19 pandemic


63

Paper ID: 105

Improving the Efficiency of the Vehicle ServiceSector using CPM and PERT

Pratheesh Kumar S*, Selvavignesh E, Jonathan Cecil Fernando, Sree Kannan S, Shishanth RDepartment of Production Engineering, PSG College of Technology,

Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Abstract. The automobile service industry is vital to our economy and lifestyle.The demand for automobile services continues to outpace supply. According to aBain & Company study, gaining a new customer costs 6–7 times more thankeeping one. This creates a significant difference with huge implications. It is alsothe world's most valuable sector. The main reason is to research service industryprocedures and strive to implement a time-saving, error-proof solution whilemaintaining quality. The steps of the total maintenance procedure are groupedaccording to the customer's needs. So, in this study, the service procedure isbroken down into two diagnosis modes: forward and backward. The time for eachstep is taken from a functioning service centre. Project scheduling strategies likethe Critical Path Method and Project Evaluation and Review Technique are usedto achieve the best results in this study. The outcomes of the project schedulingmethodologies are compared to create an efficient method of vehicle servicing.Using project scheduling approaches like the Critical Path Method and ProjectEvaluation and Review Technique saved processing time. The outcomes directlyimprove efficiency and customer happiness. The best approach can be employed invehicle repair shops and is more efficient than current methods.Keywords: Vehicle Service Sector, Critical Path Method, Project Evaluation andReview Technique, Network Analysis.


64

Paper ID: 109

Enhancing efficiency in Micro CircuitManufacturing using six sigma

Pratheesh Kumar S1*, Shanchai Kumar S2, Shiriraam S3, Sowdhariya Kumar J4

1 2 3 4 Department of Production Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore


Abstract. Six Sigma is a powerful technique for increasing the quality of anyprocess that can be utilized in both the manufacturing and service industries.Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) have evolved through time into a basic tool forenhancing the manufacturing of electrical devices. Factories all around the worldconfront hidden and common challenges such as low productivity, low productionrates, high defect rates, high waste percentages, excessive material utilization, andso on. During the testing cycle, the existing process was unable to give a good firstpass of the built PCB. This case study focuses on defect detection and control inthe manufacturing process. The data was collected in predicting the key causes offrequent manufacturing process errors. A Pareto analysis chart was used to analyzethe system's problems. Systematic data analysis combined with process parameteranalysis allows for the right identification of the problem and then the gradualarrival at the optimum solution to the problem, resulting in a considerableimprovement in the First Time Pass (FTP) of constructed PCB following testing.The most significant influence of six sigma is its application in the design of newproduct development. This makes design engineers acutely aware of thesignificance of creating and specifying products that can be built with six sigmaqualities at a reasonable cost. Accurate and flexible estimation models areconsequently required for electronic products, particularly printed circuit boards,which comprise the majority of electronic product costs.Keywords: Six Sigma, Printed Circuit Board, DMAIC, Pareto chart, Quality


65

Paper ID: 110

Efforts to Improve the Brand Value of BeverageIndustry Using Six Sigma Methodology

Pratheesh Kumar S*[0000-0002-3748-0525], Dhanush S[0000-0001-6444-8195],Karthikeya Muthu S[0000-0002-8382-8334] and Balaganesh S[0000-0003-1653-5205]

Department of Production Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu, 641004, India


Abstract. A brand is defined as a collection of tangible and intangible traits usedto establish an organization's reputation. It also represents an organization's worthin the eyes of a consumer. The market worth of a firm is defined by its brandimage. The purchasing behavior of a company's target audience can be influencedby its positive brand image. This study investigates the brand value of a beveragesector, as well as the various factors that influence it. However, there has beenlittle research on how to increase brand value. In order to address this, the DMAICtechnique was employed to investigate the influence of components that determinebrand value. The results of six sigma tools used, such as voice of customer (VOC),quality function deployment (QFD), pareto analysis, cause and effect diagram, fivewhys, and brainstorming, revealed that marketing strategies and beverage tastewere found to be the most influential factors influencing the beverage industry'sbrand value. As a result, the current study provides the necessary inputs for anorganization that needs to strengthen its brand value, resulting in increasedrevenue and market share.Keywords: Brand Value, Beverage Industry, Six Sigma, DMAIC


66

Paper ID: 111

A Study on Six Sigma to Improve Service Qualityand Customer Satisfaction in E-commerce Industry

Pratheesh Kumar S1*, Sabari Sathyan S1, Prashanth P1, Vijai Rajan S1, Sivasankar A1

1 Department of Production Engineering, PSG College of Technology,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India


Abstract. The internet has changed the language of e-commerce transactions forclients towards the purchase and selling of products and services during last decade.Sales in the e-commerce industry have been drastically increased as a result ofinternet's rapid growth and these figures continue to rise year by year. As salesexpands, the issues associated with the e-commerce industry also increases. Thegoal of this review paper is to identify the key challenges in the e-commerceindustry and give appropriate solutions using various six sigma methodologies.This study presents a six sigma improvement model based on DMAIC cycle thatincorporates a set of statistical tools for quality improvement in e-commerceindustry. Six major challenges in e-commerce industry such as delivery defects,delivery delays, customer complaints, cancellation, return, website and server errorswere recognized and addressed. In each phase of the DMAIC cycle, appropriatetools such as project charter, pair wise ranking, cause and effect diagram, standardoperating procedure, and reaction plan have been selected and used to overcomethe aforementioned challenges. On comparing the various challenges with the helpof pair wise ranking, delivery defects turned out to be a primary concern. TheDMAIC tool implementation described in this paper can be applied to e-commerceas well as other service industries for product and service quality improvement,process improvement, cost reduction, and customer satisfaction.Keywords: E-commerce, DMAIC, Cause and effect diagram, Affinity diagram.


67

Paper ID: 113

Optimization of Transportation Cost in a SupplyChain

Muralidhar Devarajan 1[0000-0002-4642-9182] #, Aakhil Fizan B 2* [0000-0002-9968-0645] #, Akash R 3[0000-0003-2981-2291]

#, Sathya Nandhana V 4[0000-0001-7342-8479] #, Sathya Prakash T 5[0000-0003-0677-9126] #

#Department of Production Engineering, PSG College of Technology,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.


Abstract. The subject of this research paper is Sri Venkatramana Paper Mills (P)Ltd at Sathyamangalam (India), which are the primary suppliers to a leadingTamil newspaper daily. Their customer delivery locations, which are printingcenters, are spread across Tamil Nadu. As newspaper subscriptions have risen yearon year, it is critical for suppliers to implement economical transportation networks.The subject’s outbound logistics caters to the aggregated demand of the customerutilizing clustered routes, where it is delivered sequentially. The currenttransportation network doesn’t ensure a sustainable profit margin for the subject.It is necessary to optimize the existing transportation network and obtain aprofitable solution for the same. In Sri Venkatramana Paper Mills (P) Ltd, variousvehicles go across a network, beginning and ending at the depot node. The antcolony optimization technique is an efficient solution to address vehicle routingproblems with capacity as constraints. Moreover, it incorporates a clockwisepattern with partitioned clusters to enhance the possibility of determining the idealcluster of routes which will result in the optimized transportation cost. Onapplying this technique, optimum routes and clusters were developed, resulting in areduced transportation cost. It was almost one-tenths lesser than the current figure.Further, this optimization technique can be made as an application that wouldautomate the entire process, benefitting the subject.Keywords: Transportation cost, ant colony optimization, vehicle routing problem


68

Paper ID: 116

Design and Development of Electrical andElectronics of Massive 3D Printer

Brathikan V M1, Venkatesh B2, Anandh B3 and Vikash S4

1 Incharge – KCT’s Platform of Research and Exploration, Kumaraguru College of Technogy,Coimbatore.

2 3 4 Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Kumaraguru College ofTechnology, Coimbatore.

Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The 3D printer is the fast-growing field of industry 4.0. The circuitworking, material properties, and the components used, and their detailinvestigated construction of massive 3-Dimensional printer. The analysis andsimulation of circuit is discussed detailly from motor controller to actuator. Thedetail explanation on motor controller and its torque produced due to current. Theinvestigation on total step traveled to make a path and energy consumed isanalyzed and the components used in massive printer are detailly discussed. Thecircuits of massive printer are simulated with mat lab simulation and outputresults are noted and recorded. The simulation of stepper motor controller isdetailly discussed and output results are noted. Electrical Torque, Field Current,Speed of motor and Armature Current are spotted as per the MATLAB simulationis done and plotted with graph. Also, it briefly discussed about the variousmaterials used, extruders, and sensors used to transfer data used in massive printer.In this paper we will briefly investigate on the electrical and electronics parts ofthe massive 3d Printer and its type. It will give the detail investigation on each ofthe controllers with respective data. The detail investigation of each electrical partsand components used in the 3d printer is detailly analyzed.Keywords: 3D printer, FDM, MATLAB stimulation, Electrical parts of 3Dprinter. Electronic parts


69

Paper ID: 118

Delta 3D printer - A review on electricalcomponents

Kiranlal S1*, Brathikan V M2, Harish C S3, Asfaq Moideen A4, Anandh B5

1Assistant Professor, Department of mechanical engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology,Coimbatore, India.

2Research Associate & InCharge- re’ Center for Exploratory Research, Kumaraguru College ofTechnology, Coimbatore, India.

345Department of electrical and electronics engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology,Coimbatore, India.

Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Delta 3D printers are the most speed and efficient 3D printer comparedto Cartesian model 3D printers. Delta Printers can work faster and smoothly dueto less movement in actuators resulting in vast pointing of nozzles and less energyconsumption. For prototyping a tabletop delta 3D printer, the selection and usageof electronic components like controllers, sensors and actuators are more importantfor required accurate and precise 3D models.Keywords: 3D printer, Cartesian model, Additive manufacturing


70

Paper ID: 119

Fabrication and Compressive Strength ofFunctionally Graded Dual Filler Polymer

Composite MaterialsVasavi Boggarapu 1, Raghavendra Gujjala 1*, Ruthik L 1, Shakuntla Ojha 2, Venkateswara Babu

Peddakondigalla 3, Satish Jain 1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India-5060042 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kakatiya Institute of Technology & Science, Warangal,

India-5060153 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur,

India-522508* Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a class of composites that show a variation

in properties along the graded direction. In general, FGMs comprise one type of filler particlehaving specific properties. To achieve the advantage of different fillers simultaneously in a singlematerial, the dual filler concept was introduced. In this regard, the present work focuses on thefabrication of functionally graded polymer composites (FGPCs) using aluminum and copper as dualfillers and epoxy matrix. Two distinct curing conditions were employed in the development ofsamples; no curing time (C1) and providing curing time (C2) between the graded layers. The resultsshowed an improvement in compressive strengths of C2 by 3.87% as compared to C1. Furthermore,the failure mechanism was due to the formation of microcracks and kink bands.

Keywords: Functionally graded polymer composites, Dual filler, Compressive strength


71

Paper ID: 124

Analysis of MRR, TWR and Surface roughness inEDM Using Artificial Neural Network technique

C. Veera ajay1*, K. Karthik Kumar2, A. S. Kamaraja3, C. T. Justus Panicker4, C. Arun Sudhan2, S.Ashok Kumar2

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti

3L&T Technology Services, Mysore4 Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Trichy


Abstract. In this work, optimization for electric discharge machining parametersusing ANN technique was carried out. Artificial neural network is used foranalysing the Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and SurfaceRoughness (SR) of EDM. An artificial neural network based prediction model wasdeveloped to evaluate MRR, TWR and Surface roughness while electric dischargemachining of Aluminium alloy (AA 6063) material. The ANNs (4-n-2, 4-n-1) weregenerated by introducing different combinations of transfer functions and a numberof neurons. The optimum 4-n-2 model was built with overall R-value of 0.99987for MRR and TWR. The optimum 4-n-1 model was built with overall R-value of0.98774 for SR.Keywords: Artificial neural network (ANN), Electric discharge machining (EDM),Surface Roughness (SR), Material removal rate (MRR).


72

Paper ID: 129

Wear characteristics of hard coatings on austeniticstainless steels using detonation spray coating

Jhansi Jadav1*, U S Jyothi 2, S Santi 3, PVSL Narayana 4

1,3,4 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, MGIT, Hyderabad2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Technology


Abstract. In hydroelectric power plants, severe damage to steam turbinecomponents is caused by solid particle erosion. Hence to protect the base material,thermal spray coatings are used. In this study, Austenitic and martensitic stainlesssteels are used as substrate materials and 86WC-10Co-4Cr, 75Cr3C2 and 100%Al2O3 are the coating materials employed using detonation gun method. Theerosion test is carried out using air-jet sand erosion tester with silica as erodentparticles at a velocity of 60m/s at 90o impact angle. Stepwise erosion andCumulative weight loss was calculated at different time intervals. It is observedthat the erosion damage is less for austenitic stainless steel compared toMartensitic stainless steel. Also 86WC-10Co-4Cr coating on austenitic steelsubstrate has exhibited improved erosion resistance compared to Al2O3 coating andCr23C6-Ni Cr coating. An attempt has been done to understand the mechanisms oferosion with microscopic analysis.Keywords: Austenitic stainless steel Coatings, Detonation Spray process, Thermalspray process


73

Paper ID: 132

Optimization of Die Sinking EDM parameters onMachining of AL6061/B4C using Response Surface

MethodologyKumar R 1*, Thangadurai K 2

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jayaram College of Engineering and Technology,

Thuraiyur, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Die sinking electrical discharge machining is a non-traditionalmachining technique for making complex shapes in hard and brittle materials. Inthe proposed work, stir casting was used to prepare Al6061/B4C Composites byvarying the B4C from 2.5 to 5% and 4mm drilling was carried out in die sinkingelectrical discharge machining by using the input parameters such as dischargecurrent, pulse on time and flushing pressure using kerosene as dielectric fluid. Theexperiments were carried out using an L27 orthogonal array, and the correspondingoutput parameters metal removal rate and tool wear rate were computed. TheResponse Surface Methodology was utilized to optimize the process parameters,resulting in a higher rate of metal removal and lower tool wear. In order toestimate which process parameter majorly impact the performance of outputvariables, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique was employed. Based on thefindings, it was determined that discharge current had the greatest influence onmetal removal and tool wear rates. Furthermore, inclusion of Flushing pressureaids the continuation of the process and also to enhance the metal removal ratewith higher currents.Keywords: Discharge current, Pulse on time, Metal removal rate.


74

Paper ID: 133

Correlation between Microstructure and Hardnessin 5356-Al Fabricated By Wire-Arc Additive

Manufacturing ProcessP. Tagore Kumar1*, Dr. V Jaya Pasad2, Satish Kumar3

1*, Department of mechanical Engineering, Assistant Professor, QIS College of engineering andTechnology-Ongole, 523001 India

2Department of mechanical Engineering, Assistant Professor, JNTU-Kakinada, 533003 India.3 Department of mechanical Engineering, Assistant Professor, QIS College of engineering and

Technology-Ongole, 523001 India*Corresponding Author Email address:: [email protected]

Abstract This Paper is about the investigation of the Hardness and Metallurgicalproperties of 5356Al metal with Wire arc additive manufacturing technology,which is the chemical addition of metal parts production process. In this work, thechoosing of all process parameters are based on the availability of machine byusing Cold Metal Transfer (CMT), the bead formation in primary level is more inthickness as compared to increases the wall height and it will depend upon thevoltage, wire feed rate, and weld speed, etc. and they fixed after getting thesuccessive bead of the metal 5356AL on 6062Al as the base metal. Along with that,the cooling rate of the metal bead is a normal cooling process to be taken to roomtemperature, after getting the bead with the required height and length, samplesfor both Hardness and Metallurgy are taken. The microstructures are obtained andcalculated grain size numbers with the Vickers hardness.Key words: Grain Orientation, Grain Size, Cold Metal Transfer, 5356AL


75

Paper ID: 134

Mechanical Performance Analysis of EcofriendlyFiber Composites

J. Ronald Aseer1*, K. Sankaranarayanasamy1, S. Renold Elsen2,Amit Kumar Thakur3, Prema Latha R1

1 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, India2 School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Today world, the rising environmental impact related with theproduction, removal, and recycling of synthetic fiber reinforced polymer compositeshas encouraged the progress of ecologically friendly composites for automotive,construction, sporting goods, etc. In this context, natural fibers such sisal, kenaf,jute, banana, hemp, flax are considered as an alternate for synthetic fibers. Amongvarious natural fibers, production of banana fiber is increasing due to the extensivescope of application, abundantly available and cheaper. In this work, acid treatedbanana fiber/phenol formaldehyde composites are were produced by usinghydraulic press and their tensile, flexural and impact strength properties wereinvestigated. The results indicated that acid treated banana reinforced phenolformaldehyde composites have shown optimum strength values as compared tocontrol samples. Also, mechanical properties of the of acid treated bananareinforced composites are higher at 40% Vf of fiber. This obtained composites couldbe an effective alternative for ceiling, partition wall in construction industries.Keywords: Mechanical properties, Composites, Banana fiber.


76

Paper ID: 137

A Novel Design and Development of Low-CostElectro-Chemical Machining Unit with Optimized

ParametersM. Armstrong1*, M. Sivaprakash2, M. Sivasubramanian3, J. T. Winowlin Jappes 4, C.

Rajaganapathy5, S. Ram Kumar61Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil – 626126, Tamilnadu, India.2Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, Tamilnadu, India.3Associate Professor, Department of Automobile Engineering,

Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil – 626126, Tamilnadu, India.4Senior Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil – 626126, Tamilnadu, India5Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Government College of Engineering Srirangam, Trichy-620012, Tamilnadu, India.6Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Sri Krishna College of Technology, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The electrochemical machining technique paved the way for a newapproach of material removal mechanism through electrochemical reactions betweenthe workpiece and the tool. It's a method for creating a variety of profiles withoutusing mechanical forces between the work and the tool, using optimised inputparameters. Since the size and expense of the conventional electrochemical machiningequipment are so high, it could not be made available to everyone who wants to workunder it. As a result, with fewer components and low-cost electrolytes, a novel designand fabrication of the electrochemical machining unit was produced in this work. Thedevice is small and can conduct machining operations such as blanking, surfacepolishing, and generating various profiles by adjusting various parameters. To developa square blank on the surface of the work piece, the unique ECM unit was used withhigh-speed steel (HSS) as a tool, an aluminium block as a workpiece, and salt water asan electrolyte. It functioned similarly to standard ECM machines in that it created thedesired dimension on the work piece with an excellent surface quality. It's primarilyintended for low-level machining and laboratory applications.Keywords: Electrochemical Machining Unit, Design and Fabrication, Compact, Lowcost.


77

Paper ID: 161

Processing maps for the Mg alloys: Formabilityregime in limited plastic deformation

N Saiteja, B K Deogade*Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology,

Hyderabad – 500 075* Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract Mg alloys have poor formability at room temperature because of thelimited number of independent slip systems in hexagonal close packed dominatedby the basal slip plane, while the pyramidal slip plane is (1101) at hightemperatures. Mg alloys are used in cast form but inferior in mechanical propertiesthan wrought. Henceforth, workability improvement can be achieved by hotdeformation inorder to produce wrought Mg alloys. The desired formability regimeobtained from hot compression test for Mg alloy for various processing parameterssuch as temperatures from 250 to 500°C and strain rates from 0.001 to 10s-1.Compressive true stress-strain data yield flow stresses at various strains rangingfrom 0.1 to 0.6 leads to strain rate sensitivity values used for efficiency of powerdissipation map and instability map development. Processing map issuperimposition of these maps at various strains. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX)process caused by non-basal slip movement and controlled by lattice self-diffusionindicate formability regime for wrought product at range of temperatures 350–450°C and strain rates 0.001–0.1s-1 but still dynamic recovery (DRV) dominatesthe softening mechanism. The instability region mainly occurs at higher strain ratedue to the formation of potential adiabatic shear zone results in flow instability.Keyword: magnesium alloy; hot deformation; flow stress; processing map


78

Paper ID: 164

Influence of Turning Parameters on the SurfaceRoughness and Cutting Force of the Aluminium

Matrix Hybrid CompositesP.Shanmughasundaram1, Thirumurugaveerakumar S2, Kalaiselvi R3

1Department of Automobile Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore -641021, India. [email protected]

2Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology,Coimbatore-641049, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

3Assistant Professor, Department of Information Science and Engineering, Kumaraguru College ofTechnology, Coimbatore-641049, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected]

Abstract. Turning operation was performed on Al LM 25/ /Fly ash (FA)/Steelpowder (SP) hybrid composite specimens to measure the surface roughness (SR)and cutting force (CF). The tests were performed in the conventional lathe usingtungsten carbide plain and textured tool inserts to study the performance of themicro-textured turning tool on the machining of Al /FA/SP hybrid composites.Spindle speed, depth of cut, and feed were chosen as operating parameters. Thesurface roughness of the composites deteriorates more rapidly at the higher feedrate. The cutting force increases as the feed, cutting speed, and depth of cutincrease. An increase in depth of cut tends to increase the chip cross-sectional areawhich causes more cutting force thereby increasing the surface roughness of themachined surfaces.Keywords: Turning, composite, plain and textured tool inserts, surface roughness,cutting force


79

Paper ID: 171

Investigations on Modified Friction WeldingSamples of SA-Grade Materials Used in Box-Type

Heat ExchangersA. Daniel Das1*, K. Thirunavukkarasu2

1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of HigherEducation, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

2Senior Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education,Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India


Abstract This research investigation states that Seamless Ferritic and AusteniticAlloy (SA) boiler grade material was joined by a friction welding processimplementing an external tool. This process was further investigated to bloomingthe advantages in the mechanical and metallurgical areas. In this process, capitaljoint strength was analyzed by taking the tensile strength test from nine weldingsamples. Three input parameters, such as the rotational tool speed, the extrusion ofthe tube and the depth impression on the tube plate, were investigated in thestudy of capital weld interface strength. Meanwhile, the output constrain isconsidered as pull strength. Previously, the joint is made by welding by employinga supporting block at interference fit conditions. Finally, the optimum collectivestrength characteristics from this research area segregate 1073.5 N/m2

Keywords: Friction Welding of Tube-to-Tube Plate using an External Tool,Taguchi method, ANOVA, SA 213, SA 387.


80

Paper ID: 180

Sustainable turning of 6063 aluminum alloy in drycondition using grey relational analysis

A.Kannan1*[0000-0003-0506-417X] and N.M.Sivaram2 [0000-0003-0661-6677]

1 Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of TechnologyPuducherry, Karaikal, INDIA

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of TechnologyPuducherry, Karaikal, INDIA

* Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The aim of this work was finding the best input parameters while

turning of 6063 aluminum alloy for minimizing the machining time and also formaximizing the material removal rate simultaneously. L9 design was accomplishedto develop target functions to be improved within the selected design ofexperiments. Turning process was done in dry condition to ensure thesustainability. The multi-objective optimization was done using grey relationalanalysis. In this method two objective functions were transformed into only oneobjective function in the form of GRG thus simplifying the complex engineeringproblems into simple one. Optimum results were identified as V3F3D3 using GRAfor better MRR and less machining time. Optimal results were verified throughadditional experiments. Comparing initial factor and optimal machiningparameters resulted in, 93.75% improvement in MRR and 88.28% reduction inmachining time were found using GRA optimization. From the results, it wasunderstood that, the correct selection of machining factor produce the enhancedchip removal and reduction in machining time.Keywords: Sustainable Machining, Material removal rate (MRR), GRA


81

Paper ID: 182

Introduction to Biomaterials: An OverviewReeya Agrawal 1,2*,

1 Electronics and Communication Engineering, GLA University, Mathura-281121, India2 Microelectronics & VLSI lab, National Institute of Technology, Patna-800005, India


Abstract: The field of orthopaedics already has stringent standards to followwhen it comes to the replacement of bones and joints, as well as the repair andregrowth of bones and joints. As a result, biomaterials have advanced significantlyin the previous 50 years, with the first generation (bioinert materials) evolvingthroughout the second generation (bioactive and biodegradable materials). Themost recent third-generation (bioactive and biodegradable materials) growingthroughout the fourth generation (bioactive and biodegradable materials)(materials designed to stimulate specific responses at the molecular level). It isdiscussed in this review how various approaches to solving the difficulties presentedby this medical profession have developed and the development of orthopaedicmaterials such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. Materials are available in variousforms and sizes, and they may be used in multiple applications. Biomaterials canmaintain touch with human tissues that distinguishes them from other materials.Even though biomaterials have been around for more than five decades as afascinating new subject that integrates medicine with biology and chemistry, thefield continues to expand and develop at a quick pace. Biomaterials are used invarious applications, ranging from dental implants to blood arteries to heart valvesto artificial tissue to contact lenses to breast implants.Keywords: Biopolymers, Surface Severe Plastic Deformation (S2PD), Hyaluronan(HA), Extracellular Matrix (ECM), Polyvinylchloride (PVC).


82

The first rule of any technology used in a business is that automation applied toan efficient operation will magnify the efficiency. The second is that automationapplied to an inefficient operation will magnify the inefficiency.

- Bill Gates


85

Paper ID: 002

ANN and Fuzzy Logic Based Direct InstantaneousTorque Control for 8/6 Switched Reluctance

MotorG. Jegadeeswari1*, V. Karthikeyan2, B. Kirubadurai3

1* Research Scholar, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engg, AMET Deemed to be University, Chennai,2Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engg, AMET Deemed to be University, Chennai,

3Asst Prof, Dept. of Aeronautical Engg, Vel Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science &Technology, Chennai, India.


Abstract. Due to its simplicity of construction, robustness and high dependability,low cost production capabilities and high torque to mass ratio the engine receivesconsiderable reactions from industry during the past decade. SRM drive consists ofa salient, concentrated coil polar stator and a salient rotor that has no wires ormagnets. The double-defining structure of the engine is extremely nonlinear inmagnet features. However, due to a large torque rib, which results in noise andvibration in the motor, the use of SRM is limited. A MPC based ANN InstantDirect Torque Control (IDTC) (MPC) method for control of SRM drive torque isemployed to resolve these difficulties. With this approach, the torque output of themotor may be controlled by the current hysteresis band. The simulation of theIDTC with ANN and the IDTC using fuzzy logic controllers are conducted todecrease the periodic speed ripple in the SRM drives. Comparative analysis is alsogiven.Keywords: Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM), BR Converter, Adaptive NeuralNetwork (ANN), Torque ripple


86

Paper ID: 063

Design and fabrication of Automatic Screw GaugeCalibrator and Component Tester using IoT

V. Arunkumar1*, S. Sathiyavathi1, A. Tonythomas2 A.P. Parameswaran1,M. Megavarthini1, B. Kishor Kumar1, R. Gokul Raj1,

1 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India2 Department of Mechatronics Engineering, KCG College of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu,

India.*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. In metrology laboratories, the vogue practice of calibration is done withthe help of instruments like master calibrators, and the cost for calibration of suchdevices is high. Hence, calibration of such tools is also time-consuming. Thisproposed project is named an automatic screw gauge calibrator. By implementingthis project, time is substantially reduced as encoders are used and mini slip gaugesfor calibration. The project is developed as a prototype that can only calibrate thescrew gauge at the initial stage. After upgrading, it can calibrate instruments likevernier caliper and dial gauge. This instrument is not only used for calibration butalso for measuring components. Hence it acts as a multipurpose machine. Inindustries, small tiny components are manufactured, and our instrument can alsomeasure the parameters of these components. The added advantage of our projectis that the manufacturer doesn’t want to consult the calibrating industries as ourcalibrator tests on its own. Thus, qualifying and testing departments are integratedwith the sector as our project does both the action and, hence, is automated.Keywords: Micrometer, Calibrator, tester, Slip gauge.


87

Paper ID: 069

Implementation of Autonomous RoverL Hemanth1*, P Srinivas2

1 2 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, V R Siddhartha EngineeringCollege, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh


Abstract. In the present era of automation, the Autonomous Rovers haveemerged as the prime technology for implementing security and surveillance systemwhich handle human lives. Its potential of being navigated in the environment withno physical devices and human intervention has made it more eminent andefficacious. With the progressive technology, the provision of autonomous vehicleshas enhanced their skill to assist and perform in exploration and rescue missions,etc. Inclusion of Lidar for the rover enhances the capability of object detectionwhich in return avoids the object and recorrect its path. The survey determines theinterpretation of various sensors, actuators and their assimilation for navigationand estimation of the autonomous rover.Keywords: Autonomous, Skid steering, Sensors, Lidar, Radio telemetry, Pixhawkand Mission Planner.


88

Paper ID: 072

Towards Industry 4.0: Readiness, Technologies andChallenges

Amit Talli1*, Sachin Karadgi1, Vinod Kumar V Meti1 and Arunkumar Giriyapur11 Automation and Robotics, KLE Technological University, Hubballi – 580031, INDIA


Abstract. The industrial world today is witnessing the digitization ofmanufacturing processes. Industries are transforming, adapting, and exploiting thepotential of new technologies to satisfy digital manufacturing requirements. In thisdi-rection, Industry 4.0 thrives to achieve automation, flexibility, and intelligentmanufacturing processes relying upon Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), SmartFactories, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Industry 4.0 requires the successfulincorporation and adaptation of various emerging new technologies into theexisting manufacturing process. Several industrial nations have adopted the Indus-try 4.0 strategy under different initiatives such as France’s Alliance Industrie duFuture, China’s Made-in-China 2025, and India’s SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0,and so forth. This paper aims to present an overview of Industry 4.0, initiatives,technologies, and challenges.Keywords: Industry 4.0, manufacturing, technologies, cyber-physical systems.


89

Paper ID: 106

Multiple regression analysis of performanceindicators in the Tertiary food processing industryPratheesh Kumar S 1*[0000-0002-3748-0525], Sathya Nandhana V 2[0000-0001-7342-8479], Akash R 3[0000-0003-2981-2291],

Kamalesh Krishna AR 4[0000-0002-5115-7468]

#Department of Production Engineering, PSG College of Technology,Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.


Abstract. Almost all food is processed in some way before it is ingested. Food isprocessed to make it more tasty, pleasurable, and safe to consume, as well as topreserve it for consumption outside of the harvest season. Food processing is also atechnique that allows for greater variety in meals, giving customers additionaloptions. Any technology that involves transforming fresh components into ediblegoods is referred to as food processing. Food processing also includes addingingredients such as vitamins and minerals to increase nutritional content orpreservatives to enhance shelf life. On the other hand, a failure to investigate therelationship between system characteristics and performance indicators severelylimits profitability. The goal of this study is to analyze and quantify the impact offinancial variables on the overall sales of the tertiary food processing business. AFishbone diagram is used to depict the potential causes and consequences of aninput variable on output variables. Based on the coefficient correlation coefficient,several regression algorithms are applied to a variety of financial parameters todiscover which parameter has the most significant impact on the performanceindicator. As a result, the current study determines the most relevant parameterinfluencing tertiary food processing industry sales and also selects an appropriateregression model by comparing the two models using mean squared error. Thefound regression model can be used to forecast sales in the future.Keywords: Tertiary Food processing Industry, Performance Indicator, RegressionAnalysis, Correlation Coefficient


90

Paper ID: 126

A Multipurpose AgribotE Sai Bhavinya1*, K Vijaya Lakshmi2, P Srinivas3

Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Velagapudi Ramakrishna SiddharthaEngineering College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India


Abstract. Agriculture is the major source of food in India as it accounts for 17%of the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The world is currently witnessing asignificant increase in population growth which demands for an increase in foodproduction. But there is scarcity of labor in agriculture due to National RuralEmployment Generation Scheme (NREGS). This has an impact on theproductivity, which in turn affects the GDP. Automation in agriculture can beconsidered as one of the solutions to this problem. It not only helps in improvingthe efficiency of the crop production but also helps in developing devices forperforming various mechanical works in the fields. So, a solar poweredmultipurpose agribot that can perform certain operations like ploughing land,sowing the seeds, and sprinkling of water is designed.Keywords: Agribot, Solar, Arduino, Automation.


91

Paper ID: 128

AI based Automated Surface Inspection of SteelSheets

V.V.N. Satya Suresh1 , C. Ankith Kumar2* and Y. Kalyani3123 Mechanical Engineering Department, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad,

India*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Abstract. Surface defects identified after rolling process in the manufacture ofsteel sheets are one of the most important factors affecting the quality. Though aninspector could identify some of the defects, but the process of manual inspectionreduces productivity and also leads to inspector’s fatigue. Commercially availablesoftware is prohibitively high in cost and cannot be used during online inspection.Hence, an automated system which is fast and identifies all the defects is the needof the hour. In this paper, machine vision process related to CAD/CAM is used tocollect the images. An artificial intelligence (AI) based technique is used tocategorize the nature of defects through convolution neural network model underdeep learning techniques. Coding is carried out using python programminglanguage. Samples of few numbers were tested which proved the efficacy of thealgorithm.Keywords: Machine vision, Artificial Intelligence, Deep learning, Surface Defects.


92

Paper ID: 147

Design of Smart Glove for sign languageinterpretation using NLP and RNN

Akshay V Nayak1*, Karthik B S2, Sudhanva L C3, Akshay A Ganger4, Dr.Rekha.K.S.5,Dr.Prakash.K.R6

1234 UG Student, The National Institute of Engineering,Mysuru,570008,India5 Associate Professor, The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru,570008,India

6 Professor, The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru,570008,India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract The sign language interpreter aims to build a communication bridgebetween a speech- and hearing-impaired person and an able person. It has been achallenging task to understand sign language which uses finger shapes, handmovements. There is a need to build an interpreter to convey the ideas of deaf andmute to able people. The proposed system consists of a pair of wearable gloveswith sensors embedded in them, which convert the hand gestures to text andspeech. It uses technologies like Natural Language Processing (NLP), RecurrentNeural Networks (RNN) for processing signals. The hand glove consists of sensorsthat track the movement of fingers and hands. The sensed values are sent to theprocessing unit using a wireless module. The data set is prepared using simulationsoftware. The Machine Learning model is built based on the training set, to help inidentifying the hand gesture. A mobile phone application runs this machinelearning model. The phone processes the data received from the glove using theproposed model to identify the letter or word. These words and letters areinterpreted as a sentence using NLP. The speaker outputs the natural voice fromthe mobile phone.Keywords: Sign Language Interpreter, Natural Language Processing (NLP),Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Machine Learning.


93

Paper ID: 152

A Smartphone-based Digital Image ColorimetryModel for Identifying Fuel Types in Downstream

Petroleum SectorHemachandiran S1*, Aghila G1, Siddharth R1

1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry,Karaikal, India


Abstract. The industry 4.0 in petroleum sector integrates the advancement ofInternet of Things(IoT) application to increase the automation and digitization.The fuel adulteration is the major problem faced by the consumer and retailer inthe downstream sector. The sophisticated laboratory based testing is not a feasiblesolution to identify fuel adulteration. In the process of automating theidentification of fuel adulteration, characterizing the fuel types is the first andforemost step. In this research, a smartphone-based colorimetry model is proposedto identify the fuel types. The fuel samples are collected and digitized using a cus-tom designed imaging box. This research highlights the importance of dataacquisition and its different characterizations such as color space and lightingconditions. The proposed research also identifies Delta E is comparatively betterthan Euclidean distance to identify the subtle color changes in the fuel types.Keywords: Color identification, Delta E, Euclidean distance


94

Paper ID: 165

Real time detection of edge defects on a rolledsteel sheet using transfer learning technique

V.V.N. Satya Suresh1, Y. Kalyani2* and C. Ankith Kumar31 2 3 Mechanical Engineering Department, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad,

India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract Automation and intellectualization of the manufacturing processes inthe iron and steel industry need better inspection technologies to play animportant role in the field of quality control. In order to achieve higherproductivity through non-contact inspection, it is important to identify edgedefects on rolled sheets using machine vision and machine learning techniques. Inthis work, a new approach consisting of an improved Convolutional NeuralNetwork (CNN) as classifier using Visual Geometry Group-19(VGG-19) algorithmas feature extractor is used to detect the edge defects under the framework oftensor flow. More than 4000 images were collected for model training and testing.Using the VGG-19 network model, three Fully Connected (FC) layers areoptimized into one flat layer and two FC layers with reduced parameters.Experimental results showed that the testing accuracy of the model is 87% and themodel achieved 98% training accuracy.Keywords: convolutional neural network, VGG-19, edge defects, transfer learning.


95

Paper ID: 181

Semi-Automation in Chilli PulverisationS.Shankar1*, R.Nithyaprakash1, R.Naveenkumar2, S. Kulasekaran1, C.S. Kavinganesh1, R. Gokulraj1

1Department of Mechatronics Engineering,2Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Kongu Engineering College, Erode, TamilNadu, India.*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract. Chillies are an important and most commonly used ingredient in manycuisines around the world. It is used both in raw form and as powdered form. Thepulverization of chillies to chilli powder is done using machines like plate mills.These mills have several disadvantages and one among them is the task ofrefeeding the hopper with the chili powder. The chillies are turned into fine powderby pulverizing them by using 3-4 cycles. This can’t be achieved in a single cycle asit will produce a lot of heat and thus it will modify the taste and quality of thepowder. In this work, a cost - efficient low-pressure suction method has beenadopted as an alternative for the conventional human work force in the refeedingprocess of the chilli powder after each cycle to minimize human eye irritation. Thismethod utilizes an electric motor with high RPM to create enough suction to carrythe powder from the bottom and transfer it back to the hopper. With the usage ofdistance sensors, wiper motor and microcontroller, the automatic opening andclosing of the bottom of the container is also implemented.Keywords: chilli, grinding; pulverization; semi-automation.


96

Paper ID: 184

2.4GHz Microstrip MIMO Antenna DesignReeya Agrawal 1,2*,

1 Electronics and Communication Engineering, GLA University, Mathura-281121, India2 Microelectronics & VLSI lab, National Institute of Technology, Patna-800005, India


Abstract: This study article explores low-cost and fast 2.4Hz Multiple in MultipleOut Antenna manufacturing. This paper briefly introduces an antenna and its usein today's era. Then it describes different parameters such as array gain, spatialdiversity gain, spatial multiplexing gain, interference reduction, and avoidance. Asmall literature survey over Multiple in Multiple Out Antenna by different authorsis also a small literature survey. Furthermore, the introduction of Multiple inMultiple Out Wireless Communication System, Microstrip Antenna Technology,Multiple in Multiple Out Antenna, and Different S- Parameters are simulated suchas S11, S22, S21, S12, Return Loss, and Envelope Correlation Coefficient in dBconcerning frequency (GHz). At last, the conclusion describes those Multiple inMultiple Out antennas as the future of the upcoming wireless antenna society. Somuch research is going on over Multiple in Multiple Out Antenna. In the end, thiswork can be done in the form of an array.Keywords: Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Single Input Single Output(SISO), Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), Micro Strip Antenna (MSA), Band Width(BW), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).

Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.–Steve Jobs


99

Paper ID: 003

Tribological and Mechanical Behaviour ofDifferent Composite Material: A Review

Hirokjyoti Nath 1, Rashmi Saikia1, Kamal Nayan Medhi1*, Dr. Dilip Kumar Bora1, Jiban JyotiKalita1

1 Mechanical Engineering, Dhemaji Engineering College, Dhemaji, Assam, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. In the last few decades, composites have been identified to be the mosteffective and selective material widely used in many manufacturing industries.Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP), Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) and Metalmatrix composites (MMC) are some composites which are widely used inengineering field as they are of light weight and have excellent mechanical, thermaland tribological properties, and so they are used in automotive, marine andaerospace industry in place of conventional-materials. To improve tribological andmechanical properties of these composites, non-metallic materials or nano-materialsare embedded as reinforcement. Besides, the properties of all the three compositescan also be improved by hybridization. The property of Ceramic Matrix Composite,Fibre-reinforced polymer and Metal matrix composites depends on variousparameters such as temperature, load, volume fraction etc. This paper mainly aimsto study the development of tribological and mechanical behaviour of compositematerials which are widely used in manufacturing industries in last three decades.Keywords: Tribology, composites, wear, tensile strength


100

Paper ID: 013

A conceptual study on Active Debris RemovalTechnologies

N Aravind Kumar1,a ,Akhila Rupesh*2,b[0000-0003-3830-1346]

, 1,3UG Scholar, Department of Aerospace Engineering Lovely Professional University, Punjab India2Assistant Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Mangalore Institute of Technology

and Engineering, Moodbidri, Karnataka, IndiaaJunior Research Intern, LIPS Research Foundation and DL Card

bResearch Lead, LIPS Research Foundation and DL Card*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. This paper provides an overview of the current space debris clean-upsystems in development. Active debris removal has become a critical component ofspace environment modernization and scientific investigation. It's a massive build-up problem that needs to be addressed right once to prevent mass collisions withoperating satellites and spacecraft. Different concepts and techniques are beinginvestigated and observe to assist remove the growing risk. These concepts andapproaches are being categorized and tested. They are classified as collective, laser-based, ion-beam shepherd-based, tether-based, sail based, satellite based andunusual approaches. The dynamical systems-based technique is a relatively newnotion that is rapidly evolving. The evolution of active space debris clearanceefforts was studied using recent patterns. To cope with the various sizes of spacedebris that need to be cleared, state-of-the art procedures are generally necessary.This creates a major potential in the field, as it aids in the discovery of manyfeasible alternatives for cleaning active debris orbital regions and cluster satelliteorbital regions.Keywords: Space Junk, Satellites, Rockets


101

Paper ID: 015

Reciprocating wear characteristics of AISI 1040steel

Agrawal R1*, Mukhopadhyay A2

1 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi – 835215,India


Abstract. The present work investigates the reciprocating wear behavior of AISI1040 steel under dry sliding condition at different operating temperatures (ambientto 300°C). A ball (E52100) on plate (AISI 1040) configuration tribological testsetup was used where applied normal load was kept fixed at 100 N, stroke length of1 mm and 104 cycles. The wear rate and COF of AISI 1040 steel decreases with theincrease in operating temperature under high frequency, high temperaturereciprocating condition. The decrease in wear rate and COF at high temperatureand high frequency reciprocating conditions is attributed to the aggravation ofoxidation products formed at the sliding interface. At high temperatures, the weartrack is composed of oxide layer leading to an improvement in tribological behaviorunder reciprocating condition.Keywords: Wear rate, COF, Reciprocating wear.


102

Paper ID: 026

Design and analysis of single screw extruder forHybrid Manufacturing process

Saurabh Kausadikar1, Mithilesh Kumar Tiwari2,K. Ponnapa1* and Puneet Tandon2

1 Smart Manufacturing Lab, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of InformationTechnology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh – 482005, India

2 deLOGIC Lab, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology,Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh – 482005, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Metal additive manufacturing is a technology that has been developedfor future industrial manufacturing. In the current scenario, metal additivemanufacturing confronts several challenges, such as geometrical constraints orrequiring post-processing on manufactured parts. Because of the constraints ofprocesses, additive manufacturing is only used for prototyping in today's world.Individually additive manufacturing & incremental sheet forming processes areinefficient for producing complicated geometries and, have higher production time.To alleviate the limitations, hybrid manufacturing is a solution that combines twoseparate manufacturing technologies i.e combination of additive and incrementalsheet forming which is capable in the development of new process routes thatallows the production of more complex and higher quality parts in a more flexiblemanner. Hybrid manufacturing setup suitable for carrying out the method forbuilding components, where the part is fabricated by extrusion-based additivemanufacturing then subsequently locally formed by incremental sheet forming.This article's major contribution is design optimization, thermal analysis and flowanalysis of a single screw extruder for the development of a hybrid manufacturingsetup. The extruder is designed with an attachable forming tip that serves thepurpose of printing and then forming the material to obtain the finishedcomponent.Keywords: Screw based extrusion, Design of single screw, Hybrid Manufacturing


103

Paper ID: 029

Power transmission in electro dynamic suspension(EDS) type MAGLEVs through 2G HighTemperature Superconducting Cable

Arijeet Roy Chowdhury*, Vineet SahooDept. of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Jamshedpur, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand-831014


Abstract. Contrary to conventional method of power transmission, HTS cablesopen a new front in the technology of MAGLEVs. The EDS type L0 seriesMAGLEVs are operational in Japan which can achieve the highest speed of 603km/hr and a maximum levitation of 3.9 inches from the ground. In this paper, thefocus is to use the HTS cable in such MAGLEVs. HTS cable is proposed withliquid nitrogen (LN2) cooling which is in-built to power the on-board cryogenicsystems and requisite electric components of the MAGLEV train. The power of thecable hereby proposed, is determined considering a single bogie/compartmentbearing in mind the optimum power requirement along with a buffer. This work isintended to provide a new reference for superconducting MAGLEV development.Keywords: HTS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, MAGLEV


104

Paper ID: 030

Analysis of energy loss through a Flow DividerValve in different applications using various

hydraulic drive systemsDharmendra Kumar1*, Anil C Mahato1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, RanchiIndia -835215


Abstract. Flow divider valve (FDV) is a flow control valve used in powerhydraulic system to split the pump flow in dual paths: primary path and auxiliarypath. The flow rate ratio in each divided flow path is either predetermined or canbe adjustable as per the loading conditions. Each flow path supplies flow to operatedifferent loads to perform different work simultaneously. The FDV make thesystem compact and efficient by reducing various components present in thesystem. This valve can be used in two different applications: a system thatperforming dual functions against dual loads simultaneously e.g. steering system inautomobile and another is in wind turbine, to reduce the power fluctuation in theabsence of generator. In present study, two different hydraulic systems (windturbine system and steering system) are identified to analyze the power lossthrough the FDV. The simulation results indicate that the power loss through theFDV is lower when it is used in wind turbine application for reducing the powerfluctuation.Keywords: Flow divider valve, Wind turbine, Steering system


105

Paper ID: 032

Fabrication of Mechanical Circuit Breaker Devicefor Overhead Transmission Lines

Purusothaman M*, Jayaparakash Venugopal, Senthil Kumar G, Thirumurthy M, Naresh J,School of Mechanical Engineering

Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India*Corresponding Author Emailaddress:[email protected]

Abstract. Overhead power lines have risk of breakage which can cause severedamages to life and property. The electric shock hazard may also lead to human oranimal deaths and fire accidents thus creating unsafe environment. So newtechniques could be designed and developed to come over such risks and improvesafety feature of the system. Mostly power lines are cut down during rain, contactof power line with the stagnated water in roads leads to unpredictable damage tolives. If a transmission wire cut down due to heavy rain or inclement weather, thecut wire automatically falls to road or submerged into stagnated water in roadscertainly during rainy season, the electric power spreads through the water whichmakes a miserable accidents and deaths to humans and animals by the unbearableelectric shocks when they walk through them. Till now there is not an effectivesafety setup to handle overhead power line. This is an idea to handle power linefailure accidents. A new spring mechanical device for safe power transmission isdesigned, developed and implemented in this research which enables thetransmission line to disconnect the power transfer for the rest of the current posttowers.Keywords: Overhead line circuit breaker, Mechanical fuse, Overhead springtransmission


106

Paper ID: 033

Simulation of Hybrid CVT Motorcycle UsingMATLAB

Jayaprakash Venugopal, Purusothaman M*, Kulothungan K, Lakshmipathy D, Raja Rajeswari A,Pasupathy S

School of Mechanical EngineeringSathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. In recent years many countries has targeted the reduction of on roademissions and pollution produced by these vehicles. In this paper, designconventional CVT motorcycle to Hybrid CVT Motorcycle is performed. Due toworld situation following direction zero emission energy in the expected of globalwarming and climate change, all over the world is continuously researching intoimprove the energy usage into every industries. For transportation domain Hybridvehicle concept is one of the solvable systems were proposed and analyzing theresult for environment effect. The consumption of fossil fuels maintaining thevehicle performance. At the primary stage, Motor unit and CVT Engine connectedtogether toward the measurement and precision of the hybrid CVT motorcycleconcept by using MATLAB/Simulink. So, the simulation outputs were displayedand compared to the CVT motorcycle efficiency. The results obtained fromMATLAB/Simulink. The MATLAB/Simulink motorcycle model delivers asimulation stage effect of flexible, prototype, modular, and can be changed todevelop dissimilar types of motorcycle concepts and different cycle.Keywords: CVT Motorcycle, Hybrid, MATLAB/SIMULINK, Drive cycle, Engineunit, Motor unit


107

Paper ID: 039

Design and fabrication of oil skimmer with metalscrap collector

Anish M, Purusothaman M*, Viswanathan T, Sathish S ,School of Mechanical Engineering

Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India* Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The main aim of the paper is to collect metal chips on the shop floorand extract oily effluent and chemical compounds from industrial wastewater. Oilscavenging Oil skimmers, regardless of design, use relative density, surface tension,and a flowing media to extract flying oil from a fluid's surface. Floating oil andgrease have a stronger grip on skimming medium than water, while water has littlelove for it. In this method, a skimming route shaped like a belt, disc, drum, orother item can sweep through a fluid surface and pick it up flying oil and greasefrom a small volume of water. Wiper blades or pinch rollers are used to remove thegreasy substance from the medium. Oil skimmers are simple devices for extractingoil, grease, and other hydrocarbon from water and cooling systems. Metal chipsand scraps are produced as a by-product of the production process. Chips andscraps are frequently produced as a by-product of manufacturing operations suchas cutting, turning, knurling, or threading. Both safety and efficiency may bejeopardised by these chips. In addition to the feature, we have also recovered metalscraps from coolants with this equipment by the magnetic force of attraction withhelp of magnetic plate.Keywords: oil skimmer, metal scrap collector, magnetic plate


108

Paper ID: 044

Fault bearing detection from vibrational signaldata by using Machine learning algorithms

Srinivasa Advaith Thutupalli1 , Grandhi Sri Sai Charith2 , Doppalapudi Manohar 3 , ChoppalaSarath 4 Saleel Ismail5 and Jagadeesha T6 *Department of Mechanical Engineering,

National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala Pin: 673 601 India* Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Rotating machines are of crucial importance in the modern industrialworld where continuous, and mass production is needed. Bearings are an essentialpart of the functioning of these machines. Hence, the conditional monitoring of thebearings in the machines is critical for easy maintenance and good production inthe long run for the manufacturing firms. Advanced machine learning models canpredict the failure of these bearings in advance and classify their faults efficientlyand accurately using the vibrational signal data and can drastically reducemaintenance costs and maintain optimal production output. The vibrational dataof the machine component is collected and featurized, and available as standarddatasets. Two machine learning models using advanced algorithms LogisticRegression and Support vector machines(SVM), are developed and trained usingthese datasets. The performances of the models are compared. An initial accuracyof 94% is achieved for the SVM model. The model is optimized by tuning thehyperparameters and an optimized accuracy of 96 percent is achieved. The LogisticRegression classifies at an accuracy of 94 percent . The best model, which is theoptimized SVM model is adopted.Keywords: Logistic Regression, Support vector machines, Machine Learning,bearing


109

Paper ID: 047

Modelling and Simulation of Magneto RheologicalFluid in a Damper using COMSOL

Ganga Nair B1, Nathan Job Antony2, Sebin Sabu Mathew3 and Jagadeesha T4

1,2,3,4 Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. This paper deals with the modelling and simulation of MagnetoRheological fluid in a damper using COMSOL software. MR dampers provide anedge over air or hydraulic dampers due to their variable viscous dampingproperties, which can be controlled with a magnetic field. This continuouscontrollability allows the MR Damper to be optimized to give the best dampingcoefficient. In order to understand the functioning of a MR Damper, we will haveto simulate the flow of the MR Fluid and understand how the rheologicalproperties vary. In this study a model of the MR damper will be first developedand flow of MR Fluid in the MR Damper will be simulated using COMSOL. Thisstudy will aid us in the design of our MR Damper which will be then used in aDynamic Vibration Absorber.Keywords: Magneto Rheological Fluid, MR Damper, Vibration Absorber.


110

Paper ID: 052

A Computational study on B-Splines based designparameterization strategy for compressor annulus

for throughflow analysisMayuresh Damle, D. Arumuga Perumal*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal,Mangalore-575025, India


Abstract In this paper, a B-Spline based design parameterization strategy usedfor preliminary axial compressor design stage is presented. This strategy iscritically important for multi-objective optimization problems with contrastingobjectives for discovering better compressor configurations. It helps in reducingcomputation time drastically along with computation costs. In this case, B-Splinesare used for smooth parameterization of compressor annulus hub and tip lines. Thetarget is to minimize discrepancies between original annulus contour and fitteddata. Annulus geometry is modified by perturbing fitted annulus splines atrequired curve segments while maintaining necessary continuity conditions. Effectof geometry modifications on different flow parameters impacting compressorperformance is also studied with the help of throughflow analysis based onstreamline curvature method. Conducted investigations compare aerodynamiccharacteristics of fitted and modified annulus design with respect to the referencedesign. Furthermore, by use of normalization strategies the method can be appliedto compressor configurations with different number of stages, length and annuluscontour.Keywords: B-Splines, Parametric representation, Compressor, Annulus,Parametric continuity.


111

Paper ID: 053

Magnetic Analysis of Magnetorheological Brakewith Multiple Conductor Paths

Peri Krishna Karthik1, Kotipalli Hemanth Harsha2, Natla Vishnu Vardhan Reddy3 and JagadeeshaT4*

1,2,3,4,5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala Pin:673 601 India


Abstract. Magnetorheological fluids are a class of smart fluids that have thepotential for many automobiles, aerospace, human prosthetics, military, anddefence applications due to their property of changing viscosity under theapplication of an external magnetic field. Extensive research is taking place onmagnetorheological brakes. Conventional magnetorheological brakes use the shearmode operation of magnetorheological fluid to produce the required braking torquewhen the fluid is excited by a magnetic field created by a current-carryingconductor. A comparative study was done to analyze the effect of having multiplecurrent-carrying conductors on the magnetic field induced. A conventional disc-type magnetorheological brake was considered for the simulation. Simulations werecarried out with a varying number of current-carrying conductors, and thecorresponding magnetic field intensity in the magnetorheological fluid and thetorque produced were compared. The simulations were carried out using COMSOLMultiphysics software. This work would give an insight into optimizing theconventional design of the magnetorheological brake.Keywords: Magnetorheological fluid, Magnetorheological brake, COMSOLMultiphysics.


112

Paper ID: 054

Need Based Design for Knee Braces for Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-Sit Task- A Case Study

Arsalan Ahmad1 and Abid Ali Khan1*

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering,Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology

Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. With daily advancements in technology, our lifestyle has changed. Thenature of both work and entertainment has changed around the globe. Acontinuously increasing number of people now sit more and move less. Thissedentary lifestyle and the lack of exercise also cause many knee problems due tothe early weakening of bones, muscles, and ligaments which results in loss ofmobility. Pain and disability caused by knee problems result in a substantial lossin quality of life. When coupled with obesity knee problems alleviates further, andaffect many of the daily activities. The most affected activity is sit-to-stand orstand-to-sit movement (STST). Nonpharmacological/ nonsurgical approaches suchas using different kinds of knee braces and other kinds of knee support inconjunction with physical therapy, exercise, and weight loss are the first line oftreatment. Knee braces can help in providing support and pain reduction inpatients with Sit-to-Stand Transition (STST) problem. But in India people are notfully aware of the effectiveness of these devices. This is mainly because of theirunavailability in local markets. So, there is a need to develop knee braces to assistpatients in STST. In this study, a knee brace design is proposed for an elderlywhich can success-fully fulfil the torque delivery requirement and at the same timewill be comfortable to use.Keywords: Knee Brace Design, STST, Rehabilitation.


113

Paper ID: 058

Finite Element Analysis of Silicon Heat sink withCNT nanofluids for Microelectronics ApplicationsM. Appadurai 1* [0000-0002-7623-1636], E. Fantin Irudaya Raj 2 [0000-0003-2051-3383] , S. Darwin 3 [0000-0002-4316-1459],

I. Jenish 4 [0000-0002-6154-1121]

1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, India.

2Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, India.

3Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, India.

4Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Mechanics, Seenu Atoll School, Addu City, Maldives.*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The recent development in power electronics and minimizing the size ofelectronic components requires an effective cooling system for the system'sexistence. Conventional electronic cooling methods are not preferable for high-temperature applications since it does not maintain the electronic components inlow temperature at all boundary conditions. Nanofluids are used as the base fluidin modern devices since it has higher thermal conductivity. The carbon nanotubenanoparticles are the recent innovation in the materials that have betterperformance even at higher temperatures. This paper presents the numericalanalysis of silicon heat sinks used in high-temperature applications. The water isused as the coolant in the heat sink. The effect of integration of wavy andrectangular fin performance on different velocity flow rates are studied. Thenumerical analysis is done for various Reynolds numbers varying from 100 to 350.The wavy heat sink provides better performance on various Reynolds numbers.The performance of carbon nanotube nanofluids as wavy heat sink coolant isfurther studied. The analysis proved that the wavy fin integrated heat sink with0.03 volume fraction nanofluids has the highest Nusselt number on all theboundary conditions.Keywords: Silicon heat sink, ANSYS Fluent, Electronic cooling, Nusselt number,Fin, Nanofluid.


114

Paper ID: 065

SAR exposure assessment in Human head tissuemodel at GSM Frequency

Jemima Priyadarshini S 1*, Dr. Immanuel Nargunathan J 2,Dr. Anitha Christy S 3, Kanimozhi A4

1 Research Trainee, Immanuel Hospital, Chennai.2 A.P, Anaesthesia Dept., Sri Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai.

3 A.P, DVL Dept., Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai.4 Lecturer, VHS-M.A. Chidambaram College of Nursing, Chennai.


Abstract. The Specific absorption rate (SAR) is a dosimetric measuring value forinvestigating human exposure caused by nonionizing radiation. The radiationemitted from the mobile phone sources is categorized as class 2B a possiblecarcinogen by World Health Organization. There is a need for the evaluation of thebiological impact caused due to radiation on human beings. This paper suggests anew experimental method of investigation for measuring SAR in human head tissuemodels such as the cerebellum, cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter, white matter withaverage brain and skull. The Inverted F antenna is used as a source of radiation ata GSM frequency of 900 MHz band. The dielectric equivalent properties of humantissues are obtained from databases for the design of linear tissue structures. Thesimulation environment is set using Altair’s FEKO for SAR computation andanalysis. The gain characteristics and S11 parameters are also studied for moreunderstanding of radiation source behavior.Keywords: Human head tissues, Specific Absorption Rate, GSM, IFA, Dielectricproperties.


115

Paper ID: 073

Application of scaled boundary finite elementmethod for piezoelectric material responses

Srinivasagan M1*, Mahesh A2, Arun Krishna B J2, Jayabal K1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design andManufacturing, Kancheepuram, Chennai

2 Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected].

Abstract. Piezoelectric materials are smart materials exhibiting coupledelectromechanical behavior which makes them one of the widely used sensors andactuators. In polycrystalline Piezoceramics, the microcracks are initiated underhigh mechanical and electrical loads due to their brittleness and low fracturetoughness. In this work, the cracks are analyzed to realize their influence on thenonlinear hysteresis effect through switching phenomenon present in thepiezoceramics. Further, the microcracks develop and propagate at thepiezoceramics and electrode interface due to sudden material property changes andstrong electric fields. To observe them, the micromechanical models embedded intoscaled boundary finite element method is used here. The voronoi discretization oftwo-dimensional plane S-element resembles the microstructure of thepolycrystalline piezoceramics. The scaled boundary finite element approachcombined with the micromechanical model demonstrates its usefulness here ininvestigating the propagation of the cracks in the polycrystalline piezoelectrics.Keywords: Piezoceramics, Switching phenomenon, Microcracks, Scaled boundaryfinite element method.


116

Paper ID: 074

Bending and Contact Stress Analysis of HelicalGear: A Comparative Study

R.Mohanraj1*, S.Elangovan2, S.Pratheesh Kumar3, S.Arun Srivatsan4, N. Kulasekaran5,B.Lakshmana Kumar6, R.Natarajan7

1,2,3,4,5,6,7Department of Production Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, 641004, India


Abstract.Gears are most commonly used and critical component in powertransmission systems. Helical gears have gained popularity as a result of their lowerdynamic load and noise level during its working, as well as the requirement forlighter and smaller vehicle transmissions. This paper includes a comparativeresearch of helical gear design and performance characteristics, which was carriedout using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and theoretical methods. Theoreticalanalysis of bending stress in helical gears was evaluated using Python TkinterGraphical User Interface (GUI) and Microsoft excel solver, based on American gearManufacturing Association (AGMA) specifications and the Lewisequation.Similarly, using AGMA standards, FEA of contact stress in helical gearshave also been carried out in this work. The stress distribution on helical gears isevaluated using a comparative evaluation with four distinct face widths and helixangles. Finite element analysis is used to investigate the effects of bending stressand contact stress on helical gear systems, and the results are compared withtheoretical results.Keywords: Helical gears, Finite element analysis, Theoretical analysis, Contactstress, Bending stress.


117

Paper ID: 075

Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of BendingStress on Spur Gears

R.Mohanraj1*, S.Elangovan2, S.Pratheesh Kumar3, K.Venkateshan4, R.Manojh Kumar5, N.SathishKumar6

1,2,3,4,5,6 Department of Production Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu, 641004, India


Abstract. Gears are used for the transmission of power due to their highefficiency. Spur Gears are generally utilized in parallel power transmission. Theappropriate operation of a spur gear drive design is dependent on a number ofaspects that must be thoroughly examined and comprehended. This is done toobtain an acceptable relationship between design factors and operational factors foreffective optimization. Bending stress developed in the tooth surface of gear is oneof the important factors that lead to the failure of gears. In this paper, comparativestudies were done to find the tooth bending stress of spur gears using theoreticaland Finite Element Analysis (FEA) methods. The theoretical method wasperformed with Lewis bending equation and a python program was developed tovalidate the theoretical results. The gear was modeled using Computer AidedDesign (CAD) software. The effect of bending stresses on the modeled spur gearswas analyzed using FEA methods. The comparative study was performed forvarious face widths of the pinion of spur gears and the resulting bending stressesobtained from both the simulation and theoretical methods were compared andevaluated. The results show that the bending stress of spur gears decreases with anincrease in its face width.Keywords: Spur gears, Theoretical model, Finite element analysis, Bendingstress.


118

Paper ID: 084

Modelling and analysis of functionally gradedmaterial with crack

S. Ganguwar1*, V. M. Nistane21 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur


Abstract. In this paper, deformation and fracture behavior of functionally gradedmaterials (FGM) are numerically evaluated. The modelling of FGM using dummythermal loads is described in detail. The fracture behavior of FGM specimen with acrack perpendicular to elastic gradient under three point bending is studied byfinite element method. The influence of varying initial crack length at thecomplaint side of FGM specimen on J-integral and stress intensity factor areanalyzed. The results are (1) Stress intensity factor value in FGM increases asinitial crack length increases (2) J-integral value in FGM increases as initial cracklength increases.Keywords: Functionally graded material (FGM), Stress intensity factor, J-integral.


119

Paper ID: 085

Bandgap Calculation of Two-DimensionalMetamaterial Foundation

Rishabh Sharma1[0000-1111-2222-3333] and Arpan Gupta1[1111-2222-3333-4444]

School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, India*Corresponding Author Email address:[email protected]

Abstract. In this paper, bandgaps of two-dimensional foundations made up ofmetamaterials are investigated. Metamaterials are artificially designed materialshaving properties which are not found in naturally occurring materials.Metamaterial used in this study have property that if the frequency of wavestravelling through them falls within a particular frequency region called bandgaps,then such waves cannot propagate through metamaterials. This property ofmetamaterials makes them suitable to be used as the foundations which can reducethe seismic waves travel from the ground to structure built on the foundation. Inthis paper, bandgaps are calculated for the metamaterial-based foundation and arecompared with literature. The frequency response function is also calculated for a6x6 two-dimensional metamaterial-based foundation.Keywords: Metamaterials, Bandgaps, Transmission loss.


120

Paper ID: 087

Frequency calculation of shear deformable beamsby isogeometric approach

Gourav Prasad Sinha1*, Bipin Kumar21 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT, Jamshedpur*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Natural frequency of shear deformable beam on which free vibration isapplied is considered in the research of the paper. Timoshenko beam are consideredto be thick which counts the angular deformation & inertia due to rotation.Isogeometric approach is involved to calculate non dimensional frequency ofTimoshenko beam. Vibration analysis are done under the effect of differentboundary condition. Only two elements are considered in this paper. Importance ofisogeometric approach can be understood by the results obtained as it was verymuch accurate with degree of BFs employed. it was found that the error occurduring the calculation is different for different boundary conditions. The percentageof error was within (3-6) percent. As it can be observed that the percentage oferror is very much within the range of accuracy even when the degree of shapefunction is less as compared to other method. Isogeometric analysis or spline basedanalysis is found to be very effective numerical computation method.Keywords: IGA, Timoshenko beam, Knot vectors, vibration, dimensionlessparameter.


121

Paper ID: 088

Deflection Of Thin Plate Through IsogeometricAnalysis

Gourav Prasad Sinha1*, Bipin Kumar2 K Priya Ajit31 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT, Jamshedpur

3 Department of Mining and Machinery Engineering, IIT(ISM), Dhanbad*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The aim of the paper is to obtain the deflection of plates when platesare subjected to different types of boundary conditions. The approach used for thederiving the results is Isogeometric Approach (IGA). IGA is the latest approach inthe field of numerical computation. Basis function capable of replicating geometriesare used for approximating solution field. Plates considered for research is thin andisotropic in nature. Kirchhoff thin plate theory is applied to obtain the deflection ofplates. Shape of the plate employed is square. Two different boundary conditionsare applied over the plates (CCCC & SSSS). Isogeometric analysis were carried outthrough MATLAB. Results obtained through program were in good agreementwith the previous results.Keywords: IGA, Kirchhoff plates, Knot vectors, deflection.


122

Paper ID: 091

Modelling of ergonomically enhanced 3D printedsmart prosthetic hand

Harish R1*, Surya Bharath2, Bhanu Rekha V3, Vignesh Kumar M4,1UG Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KCG College of Technology, Chennai

2UG Scholar, School of Fashion Technology, KCG College of Technology, Chennai3HoD, School of Fashion Technology, KCG College of Technology, Chennai

4Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KCG College of Technology, Chennai*Corresponding Author Email address:[email protected]

Abstract. Compact and light weight design of soft robotic hands are of greatpotential to be used as prostheses. The work addresses to bridge the gap betweenpractical requirements and existing designs to make prosthetic hands a viable one.These requirements are fulfilled via the proposed modelling design of the prosthetichand with movable flexure joints in the finger design. The proposed prosthetichand is cable-driven for its actuation and has a synergy-based thumb motion for itsfunctioning. The design has enhanced ergonomic features adding value to performreal time tasks for the users. The people with upper limb loss are the corebeneficiaries of the proposed design helping them improve the quality of life.Keywords: Prosthetic Hand, Ergonomics, Movable Flexural Joints


123

Paper ID: 092

Bond graph modeling and analysis of a hybridhydro-mechanical power transmission system

Rahul kumar1*, Anil C Mahato1

1Mechanical engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835215*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract. This work proposes a novel approach to obtain a stable power outputusing a hybrid combination of mechanical and hydraulic power transmissionwhenever the input power is of fluctuating nature. Normally, the mechanical powertransmission increases the output speed of the hydro-motor due to its positive gearratio. However, it possesses some disadvantages such as it may faded out in thesystem when the power rating is more than 3 MW, and it have no provision tostore extra energy on it. Besides, in hydraulic power transmission provides aprovision to store the excess energy into it using an accumulator. It also possessessome disadvantages such as it is unable to gain speed of the hydro-motor due toabsence of positive gear ratio and it also gives lower efficiency (nearly 70%) ascomparison to the mechanical transmission (more than 90%). A combined schemeof mechanical and hydraulic power transmission i.e. hybrid hydro-mechanicalpower transmission may overcome the individual issues of the both powertransmission system. The hybrid hydro-mechanical power transmission not onlyattains higher output speed but also provides a suitable provision to store excessenergy into it. A dynamic model of hybrid hydro-mechanical power transmission isdeveloped using bond graph technique, and simulated using SYMBOLS SHAKTIsoftware. Simulation result shows that the output speed of the hydro-motor isgained with gear ratio and it is almost stable in nature.Keywords: Mechanical power transmission, Hydraulic power transmission, Hybridhydro-mechanical power transmission, Bond Graph.


124

Paper ID: 094

CADFEKO analysis of Human tissue models forradiation assessment

Jemima Priyadarshini S 1*, Dr. Immanuel Nargunathan J 2, Dr. Anitha Christy S 3, Kanimozhi A4

1 Research Trainee, Immanuel Hospital, Chennai.2 A.P, Anaesthesia Dept., Sri Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai.

3 A.P, DVL Dept., Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai.4 Lecturer, VHS-M.A. Chidambaram College of Nursing, Chennai.


Abstract. There is constant human interaction with non-ionizing radiations frommobile phones, diagnostic devices, and other communication devices. World HealthOrganization has categorized the radiation emitted from mobile phones ascarcinogens. The radiation absorption on exposed humans is determined with ametric Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) classified as 1g,10g, or peak SAR based onthe mass of the tissue. The radiation exposure experiments are unsafe and notadvisable as per ethics. Hence there is a need for experimental setup withnumerical human models designed with dielectric tissue material properties such asconductive parameters of the tissue, the permittivity of the tissue, and the massdensity derivable from a database of biological materials at a particular frequencyrange. An Antenna is designed and placed near the design model and SARcomputation is executed in free space conditions. The performance of the antennais also observed with gain, directivity, bandwidth, and S11 in presence of the tissuemodels. The computation method for models can be done by Method of Moments(MoM). The exposure studies are safer and provide more insight to the researchersusing the human models in the CAD platform. The comprehensive analysis of SARcomputation for exposed human tissues can be performed in Altair’s FEKOsimulation environment.Keywords: SAR, Tissues, MoM, CADFEKO.


125

Paper ID: 098

Thermal Soaring and the Control SurfaceAerodynamics of an Eagle

Prantik Dutta1*, Afeedh Roshan1

1Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The Eagle has been a topic of fascination for many nature lovers aswell as researchers due to its majestic appearance along with its aerodynamic traitsand attributes. From its ability to utilize orographic and thermal updrafts to soarwith minimal energy dissipation to its high lift control surfaces, the eagle hasdemonstrated a wide range of aerodynamic traits which if mimicked to nearperfection could pave the way for new-age drones. This review tends to shed lighton the eagle’s aerodynamic attributes along with its inbuilt structural controlsurfaces that facilitate its high maneuverability. Apart from this, few aspects ofthe eagle’s wing morphing techniques, its aerofoil, and its aerodynamic stability arealso being highlighted. The aim is to highlight the bio mimic-able traits of an eaglewhich can be incorporated into bionic UAVs. This work acts as a base for currentand future works involving slotted wingtips and bionic control surfaces. The traitsdiscussed are being used to design mechanical control surfaces and wingtips thatresemble the eagle’s slotted wings and control surfaces. These works whencombined with compliant mechanisms can help improve roll and yaw control of aUAV along with drag reduction.Keywords: Aerodynamics, Thermal soaring, Control surfaces.


126

Paper ID: 120

Design and Development of Timed ProgrammablePet Food Feeder

N. Muthuram 1*, S.Dhinadaraanisawar 2, D. Titus Samraj 3, N.Kirubanandan 4 , M. Dineshkumar 5

1 Department of Production Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore,India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Pet needs special treatment and special care. Owing to busy lifestyle,this special treatment and special care. On different hand everyday feeding to petsis maximum essential thing. But now and again pet owners frequently overlook tofeed their pets. Similarly, an increasing number of pet owners and pet lover’sexperience hard to feed their pets at cater time. The aim of this project is toredesign the existing pet food feeding device and enforce a smart food feedingdevice. The model is designed using PTC Creo parametric 6.0 and the analysis iscarried out using ANSYS 16.2 to ensure our product is stable. The circuitconnection and simulation are done using TINKER CAD. FMEA analysis isconducted on our product to identify the potential failure modes in a system andtheir causes and effects. The operation process plan chart and cost estimation arealso discussed.Keywords: Pet food feeder, Arduino UNO, Auger feed


127

Paper ID: 127

Specific Energy Absorption and BendingResistance of Hybrid Bumper Beam

Gaurav Tiwari1*, Amita Shinde21 2 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur-INDIA-

440010*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. In this study, a numerical investigation was carried out on aninnovative double hat shape beam that involves DP800 steel-aluminum 6061-T6hybrid material to evaluate crashworthiness characteristics such as specific energyabsorption (SEA) and bending resistance for automobiles application. The lengthof the double hat shape beam was 500 mm and thickness as 1.5 mm. For both thehat, the width was taken as 80 mm and the flange width was 20 mm. The bendingresponse was evaluated with the help of a three-point bending test by usingcommercial code ANSYS. Three different models were made by changing heightratios (1:3, 1:1, 3:1) to analyze the effect on crashworthiness parameters. Aparametric study was performed to optimize thickness with the help of GRAtechnique where it was found that hybrid beam having upper hat thickness of 1.5mm and lower hat thickness of 1.8 mm shows better crashworthiness performancethan other combinationsKeywords: Double hat shape beam, hybrid material, bending resistance.


128

Paper ID: 130

Modelling of fine korai fiber extraction machine toreduce user’s fatigue

Vignesh Kumar M1[0000-0002-3004-8895], Harish R2[0000-0003-4891-8040] , Surya Bharath3[0000- 0002-8233-6389]

1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KCG College of Technology2UG Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KCG College of Technology

3UG Scholar, School of Fashion Technology, KCG College of Technology*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The paper emulates the modelling and analysis of korai fiber extractionmachine to extract high-quality fine korai fibers. Manual extraction of korai fiber istedious and time consuming. The labour expenses and efficiency are the key issueswith the conventional method of extraction. Therefore, the enhanced output can beachieved only through a machine, making it a viable one for mass production. Theexisting machine doesn’t envisage in the fine korai fiber extraction and also with anaverage production of poor quality fibers. The paper proposes a model of machineto be designed for fine korai fiber extraction machine. The machine is designed tofollow a simple mechanism by meeting the ergonomic comfort of the users as wellas enabling fine korai fiber extraction.Keywords: Fine korai fiber, Uniform fiber extraction, Efficiency.


129

Paper ID: 135

EMI based Fatigue life assessment of friction stirwelded AA5083-O and AA6063-T6 aluminium

alloyReetesh Kumar Shukla*1 and K.N. Pandey2

1,2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of TechnologyAllahabad, Prayagraj-211004, (INDIA)


Abstract. Piezo-impedance analysis for residual fatigue life assessment of AA5083-O AA6063-T6 friction stir welded joint aluminium alloy. In this work, we did theEMI analysis of friction stir welded joint of AA5083-O and AA6063-T6 at differentloading conditions. In FSW method we found that the strength is equally good atthe joints too. It is necessary to monitor the fatigue cracks growth for the safetyand stability of machine components and structures in running life. Here, anexperimental study was carried out to develop a model of fatigue crack propagationusing the electromechanical impedance technique (EMI), on the application of thepiezoelectric transducer (PZT) for the crack propagation measurement of cracklength in aluminum alloys (Al 6061and Al 5083) subjected to a variable amplitudeloading welded by FSW. EMI approach impedance signature (conductance andsusceptance) of specimen recorded. Because of higher sensitivity for damage, thereal part of admittance (conductance) signature is preferred as a damage identifiercompared to susceptance signature. For monitoring fatigue damage, the leftwardhorizontal continuous resonance peak shifting (resonance frequency range) use asguideline. The frequency range selected for experiments was set 100 - 180 kHz tominimize bonding and temperature effect. The results of the experiment showedthat the electromechanical impedance technique (EMI) was very sensitive tomonitor the fatigue crack growth.Key Words: EMI, Friction stir welding, Fatigue crack growth, Crack propagation


130

Paper ID: 141

Low-Cost Emergeny VentilatorMathiyazhagan R1*, Prakatish P R2, Muthamizharasu P3, Sathish Kumar G4

1 2 3 4 Department of Production Technology Madras Institute of Technology Campus, AnnaUniversity, Chennai – 600044


Abstract. Ventilator and oxygen shortage has become a problem of immediateconcern due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous people worldwide fight forsurvival due to the lack of getting ventilator assistance at the right time. Hencethere is an inevitable need for rapidly deployable, emergency-use lifesavingventilating devices. In a way to provide an effective solution to address theseproblems we have designed and developed a prototype of a low-cost portableVentilating device. In this work we have compared various ventilator parametersand taken into consideration the most important parameters which includesRespiratory Rate, Tidal Volume, Minute Ventilation, and Positive End ExpiratoryPressure (PEEP), for the development of this device. The software simulation hasbeen performed using Siemens NX software for designing the CAD, performing themotion simulation and static force analysis. Based on the obtained values andparameters the working prototype has been developed. Algorithm has beendeveloped to operate the prototype. The results showed us that this emergency useventilator could be useful to non-invasive type ventilation and could alsoconservative oxygen delivery to the patients. The test was performed using aspirometer and not using artificial lungs. Future iterations of the device willinclude development of the device following the standards of Central DrugsStandard Control Organisation with, Peak Inspiratory pressure monitoring sensor,pressure relief valve, and PEEP capabilities.Keywords: Ventilator, Rapid deployment, Low-Cost, Tidal Volume.


131

Paper ID: 156

Comparison of fault detection data from defectiveball bearings using Artificial Neural Networks

Akhil VM1*, Aravind S L 1, Ravikiran Nayak1

1 Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Engineering Mysore, Karnataka,India -570 008


Abstract. This paper tries to integrate Artificial neural networks with the datasets acquired from the experimental setup and compares which classifier is the bestone that gives more accurate result. The data sets acquired from a experimentaltest rig which consists of defective ball bearing is analyzed with the help ofdifferent classifier algorithms of artificial neural network. In this work 100%, 50%and 10% of data set is analysed for classification of type of bearing failure. It wasfound that, the 10% random set of data have given more accuracy than all otherdata sets subjected study in this proposed work. This method can be effectivelyused not only for data sets obtained from vibration analysis but also can beextended to all datatypes acquired from various experimental set ups.Keywords: Bearing defects, Vibration analysis, Artificial neural networks,Algorithms, Classifiers.


132

Paper ID: 158

Optimization of Processing Parameter for OptimalPerformance of Dyneema HB - 50 Composite

Arunesh Kumar Srivastava1*, K.N.Pandey2

1 2 Mechanical Engineering Department, MNNIT, Prayagraj- U.P. (INDIA)*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The present work is an experimental study to evaluate the performanceof a new composite material Dyneema HB50, one of the types of Ultra HighMolecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) based composite material, for ballisticapplications viz. bullet proof vests and helmets. This material can also be use invarious other purposes where tensile strength is main concern with temperaturerange like aircrafts, submarines, space technology. A three factor, three-levelTauguchi experimental design was employed for maximizing ultimate tensilestrength ( UTS ) of Dyneema HB50 composite based on different experimentaldata obtained in L9 orthogonal array. Three independent variables pressureranging from 100 to 180 Kg/cm2 , Temperature ranging from 125 to 135 0C, andtime ranging from 10 to 20 minutes were consecutively coded as x1, x2 and x3 atthree levels (1, 2 and 3), and regression equation was then derived to predictresponses. The significance of independent variables and their interactions weretested by means of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limits( α= 0.05). The optimized process parameters pressure, temperature and timewere 100 Kg/cm2, 125oC, and 10 minutes respectively.Keywords: UHMWPE, composite material, analysis of variance (ANOVA)


133

Paper ID: 159

Design, Thermo-mechanical analysis andoptimization of an IC Engine Piston With

Aluminium and ALSi4032Nishant Patel1*, Ashok Atulkar2

1, 2, Department of Mechanical EngineeringShri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, India


Abstract This work is to present a study of thermo-mechanical behaviour of theautomotive IC engine piston using finite elemental analysis in Static Structural andsteady-state thermal analysis for a vehicle engine system. In this work, thermo-mechanical analysis is performed on two materials: aluminium and its alloyAlSi4032 for thermal, structural, and optimization of IC engine piston, which isbased on a problem using ANSYS-18. The main function of a piston is to transferthe force generated by gas during expansion strokes known as power stroke inwhich the piston has to suffer highly thermal and mechanical stress. The firstanalysis is performed on the aluminium with the inclusion of convection,temperature, and pressure elements. Characteristics for piston models such asstress concentration von-misses stress, equivalent strain, and heat flux arepredicted. Next, thermo-mechanical analysis is performed on the alloy material ofthe piston in the same manner and required results are predicted. The resultspredict the pistons' maximum stress, deformation, strain, heat flux, and criticalregion using FEM. AlSi4032 can be hot forged with a close die and wieldable withinert metal gas welding. Responsive for heat treatment generally annealing ispreferred for AlSi4032. There are many materials available in industries withdifferent proportions of alloying elements but silicon in aluminium is most widelyused. For modelling and analysis, the software tool namely CREO and ANSYSWorkbench have been used. AlSi4032 performs well in every criterion.Keywords: IC Engine Piston,Aluminium alloy, Thermo-mechanical Analysis,Optimization.


134

Paper ID: 166

Design of Spherical Hopping Terrain SurveillanceRobot

Kishorekumar K1*, Raja K2, Saravanan R3, Annamalai R4, Karthik K5

1 2 3 4 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering,Coimbatore Institute of Technology,

Civil Aerodrome Post, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India – 641014.*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. This Paper deals with the design of rolling, steering and jumpingmechanisms of a spherical surveillance robot that can be operated in hilly andrough terrain regions. The driving mechanism of the robot is designed such thatthe robot resembles the movement of a spherical ball. The steering mechanism isdesigned to enable the robot to achieve on spot turning. The principle behind thedesign of steering is the conservation of angular momentum. The jumpingmechanism adds a special advantage to the locomotion of ground robots, in termsof the ability to avoid obstacles. The parameters considered for the selection ofoptimum mechanism design for the robot are also presented in this paper.Keywords: Rolling mechanism, Steering mechanism, Jumping mechanism,Conservation of angular momentum.


135

Paper ID: 175

Design of special purpose hydraulic forging pressfor 15000 tonnage capacity.

M S. Tufail 1*, R.B. Chadge 2, K.S.Ansari 3, D.B. Meshram 4

1, 2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Y.C.C.E., Nagpur, India3 Civil Engineering Departments, Y.C.C.E., Nagpur, India

4 Centre for Skilling and Technical Support, CIPET, Korba, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Forging presses with hydraulic mechanisms are used in manyindustrial applications. These application includes forging pressure with flat diesused for hot working to break down ingot and shape them into roll, pressure vessel,forged bar, rods, plates, etc. Forging presses with closed dies, used to processpreheated billet into various shapes. In India forging presses are available only upto 12000 tonnage capacity; above this available capacity always need to design acustomized hydraulic system. This paper aims to design the hydraulic circuit andpumping requirement i.e. amount of fluid handled by the pumps and the size of theaccumulator for a 15000 tonnage capacity. The paper highlights the completeworking process, components of the forging press, and the design calculationsprocedure. The sophistication of control desired will determine the signal sources tocreate the cycle pattern of power transmission system. All these information aboutthe requirement of different component will provide the basis for individual design ofthe system.Keywords:Open circuit hydraulic pump, forging press, Accumulator


136

Paper ID: 176

A Review on the Auxiliary drones used as safetysystem for passenger aircraft

Ujjal Kalita1*, Krishnanand K Anandakrishnan2

1 2 Aerospace Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The issues of safety has always been a deep concern in the field ofaviation industry, as it deals with millions of lives each day. Our intention forcontributing some innovation in the field of safety made us think about what islacking in the same. We have gone through so many safety measures that is takenby the Civil Aviation Authority, but we couldn’t find much lacking in the field ofsafety as safety is the first priority in the aviation filed. While going through thedifferent safety system it was observed that a major flaw is found in the recoveryof miss-ing aircrafts. Sometimes we could recover the lost aircraft and could notable to know the position from which it was missing. Different researchers haveworked on using different types of drones or UAV’s to detect those lost aircraft orknowing the position of aircraft. In this work, a literature review is conducted onimplementation of auxiliary drone or UAV in the aircraft for detecting thoseaircraft or deploying the drone from aircraft at times of emergency. The position ofdrones on the aircraft and its deployment were studied. From the review we get aclear idea on the position and implementation of auxiliary drone on the aircraftused for safety of the aircraft.Keywords: Auxiliary drone, Safety system, Aircraft, Position and deployment


137

Paper ID: 183

Effects of rear spoilers on aerodynamic forces ofpassenger cars

Aakash1, Priyanka Rajeev1*, Vadivukkarasan M1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Passenger cars ensure safe and comfortable journeys for commoners.The aerodynamic design of such cars plays a predominant role in reducingaccidents caused due to wind loading as well as fuel consumption. Theaerodynamic shape of the vehicle uses about 3 % of fuel to overcome the resistancein urban driving, while it takes 11 % of fuel for highway driving. This considerablehigh value of fuel usage in highways motivates the present study to use an externaldevice to the existing vehicle without altering the existing design. We incorporatedthe rear spoilers in the existing passenger car designs and performed a numericalinvestigation of a passenger car with a spoiler positioned at the rear end. Two-dimensional models of existing car designs are used to obtain the flowcharacteristics. We performed the analysis using ANSYS FLUENT and predictedthe lift and drag magnitudes on the car body. Our preliminary results indicate thataerodynamic characteristics with a rear spoiler can significantly improve drivingstability, handling, fuel consumption, and overall efficiency.Keywords: Passenger car, Aerodynamic design, Two-dimensional model, CFD,Rear spoilers, Drag, Lift.


138

Everything is energy and that’s all there is to it. Match the frequency of thereality you want and you cannot help but get that reality. It can be no otherway. This is not philosophy. This is physics.

- Albert Einstein


141

Paper ID: 016

Experimental and Numerical Investigations onThermo- Electric Generator Used in CI Engines

B. Naveen Kumar1, G. Ganesh Kumar2*1,2 Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract A detailed experimental investigation on characteristics of thermo-electric generator (TEG) used in IC engines is performed which produces power.Literature shows large number of studies performed to utilize the heat dissipatedfrom engines through exhaust gases. 35-45 % of total energy is being converted intopower while the remaining is lost due in various forms. Here, a study is made tomake use of energy lost by exhaust gases to operate different electrical devices usedin automobiles. Experimental set up was designed and fabricated to make this studyfor utilization of exhaust gases. Further, parametric study was performed to findthe performance of the TEG comprising thermo electric modules (TEM). Here, thethermal energy from exhaust gases is transformed into electrical energy based onthe principle of Seebeck and Peltier Effects.Keywords: IC Engines, Thermo-electric generator, Heat exchanger, Exhaust heatrecovery.


142

Paper ID: 020

Experimental study on Water qualityenhancement: Micro Nanobubbles Technology

Dilip Singh J1, Senthilkumar G.2[0000-0003-1287-4867]1,2 Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The present research article enumerates the potential features of Micronanobubbles (MNBs) for the treatment of surface water without affecting theenvironmental circumferences. The formation of free radicals increased the surfacearea density with reduction in radius of MNBs. The sustainability for prolongedduration, optimum interface potential, high oxygen transfer efficiency and ease ofproduction methods increased the research in MNBs in recent years. The surfacewater is treated for reduction in chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygendemand, total dissolved solids and total suspended solids with this unique MNBtechnology and the results are highlighted. The 11% drop in total dissolved solidsof surface water and 45 % increase in dissolved oxygen in domestic water are someof the worthy deliverables of this research. Also the promotion of dissolved oxygenin the selected water samples from tap, pond, domestic waste and sea water aftertreatment with MNBs are discussed.Keywords: Dissolved oxygen, Micro nanobubbles, sonication, surface water


143

Paper ID: 021

A novel design of internal heat exchangers inmetal hydride system for hydrogen storage

Swaraj D. Lewis1[0000-0003-2225-2324] and Purushothama Chippar* [0000-0002-3255-680X]

1 St Joseph Engineering College (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi),Vamanjoor, Mangaluru, 575 028, India


Abstract. Performance of the metal hydride system depends on effective heattransfer systems. A numerical model of LaNi5 metal hydride reactor is developedhaving two different concept such as compartmentation and embossment.Compartmentation have advantage when the metal bed volume is having largervolume. Splitting the volume into number of parts showed better performance thanthe single large volume. Around 33% improvement is observed when the volume issplit and stacked. Embossment can give the benefit of heat transfer by both fluidand heat plate. Various design of embossment heat exchanger such as pin, parallel,vertical serpentine and horizontal serpentine is modelled and compared with thehelical coil heat exchanger. Vertical serpentine embossed plate heat exchanger gaveoptimum performance than the other configurations. More uniformity is observedwhen using embossed heat exchanger due to availability of wider area for heatextraction. This study shows the design optimization and performance analysis ofthe two different design concepts which can be employed in the metal hydridesystems.Keywords: Hydrogen, Metal-hydride, Heat exchangers.


144

Paper ID: 023

Simulation Analysis of Wind Turbine GeneratorSystem

Prakash Malaiyappan1*, Buckshumiyan A 2, K.R.Shanmuga Vadivu 3

1 2 Mechanical Engineering, New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering & Technology,Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

3 Electrical and Electronics Engineering, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science andTechnology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India


Abstract. The aim of this paper is to investigation the performance of inductiongenerator and synchronous generator ratings in the wind turbine system. Bothinduction and synchronous generator rating are compared with help of MATLABSIMULINK software. The best suitable for model and analyzing various ratings ofinduction and synchronous generators is SIMULINK library function. The resultobtained from analysis is the induction generator rating (200HP, 460V, 50 Hz,1765RPM) is gaining more attention than the synchronous generator rating.Induction generators are simple, low cost in manufacturing and low maintenance.Keywords: Induction generator, synchronous generator, MATLAB SIMULINK.


145

Paper ID: 028

CFD Study on Natural Convection inside a ClosedChamber due to Sodium Fire

Ajay Rawat*, A. Jasmin Sudha, V. Subramanian, R. Venkatesan, S. Athmalingam and B.Venkatraman

Aerosol Transport and Biodiversity SectionRadiological & Environmental Safety Division

Safety Quality and Resource Management GroupIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu 603102


Abstract. Experiments are planned in Mini Sodium Experimental Facility (MINA)at IGCAR to study sodium pool fire and associated aerosol release and transport.Numerical natural convection studies were carried out to understand the effect ofsodium pool fire in MINA chamber which is an experimental hall with thedimensions 5.6 m × 5.4 m × 4.6 m (139 m3). The objective of these two-dimensional simulations is to assess the temperature and velocity fields followingsodium pool fire inside the experimental chamber. The buoyancy driven convectiveflow is analyzed by assuming the sodium pool to be at a constant high temperatureranging from 800 – 1000 K due to sodium combustion. The fire is assumed to lastfor 15 minutes after which then pool temperature decreases. Turbulence ismodelled with standard k-e model. The internal flow field, thermal field andtemperature histories at selected points at three elevations are obtained. In thenext study, the chamber is assumed to be filled with sodium hydroxide aerosolwhich is an absorbing medium and radiative heat transfer is also included. Thesimulation is carried out with Fluent code with discrete ordinate method to takecare of radiative heat flux. From the numerical predictions it is inferred thatvelocity of about 1 m/s prevails in the regions vertically above the sodium pooland temperature of 117 oC and 53 oC can be anticipated at a height of 1.2 m abovethe sodium pool assuming sodium aerosol mass fraction to be unity and zerorespectively.Keywords: Natural convection, Sodium Pool Fire, Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor


146

Paper ID: 037

Bio-Plastic Preparation Using Potato, Corn andRice Based Starches

Senthilkumar G1*[0000-0003-1287-4867], Mubeen banu A2, Prasanth M2

1 Associate Professor, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India2 UG Scholar , Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Plastics can be used effectively in many applications only when properprocedures to be addressed to de-compose them effectively. Increasingenvironmental concerns strain on plastic waste and broad interest on fostering theeco-accommodating procedures. The starch based polymers are the promisingoption in contrast to the petrol based plastics. These items not just can possibly bebiodegradable or potentially recyclable, yet completely practical across all aspectsof their life cycle. To decrease the interest on single source starch, this currentresearch is aimed to set up various starches and consolidating them for bio-plasticreadiness. So forth the principle objective of undertaking is to plan bio-degradableplastic by utilizing starches (Potato, rice and corn- in mixed ratio) and utilizingthe bio item for buyer use. The current works yield will be bioplastics by utilizingcorn, potato and rice starch. Then the results pertaining to thickness test, watersolubility test, moisture content test and bio degradable also carried out toimprove the properties of bio-plastics. The outcome showed starch based bio plasticfor different applications.Keywords: Bio-degradable plastics, Environmental issues, Starch.


147

Paper ID: 038

Investigation on the Reduction of Oil Coking Issuein Turbo Charger for Compressed Natural Gas

EngineVenkatesh S*, Purusothaman Mani, Gowthaman S , Babu R

School of Mechanical Engineering,Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India* Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The aim of this work is to improve the Performance of Turbochargerby reducing the Temperature in Turbine side Which caused by the Issue of OilCoking. Presently, In Turbocharger, while analyzing the Effects on Performance ofOil Segregation Systems on the Engine (ICE/CNG) where the Strong Oil Depositsinside the Compressor Cover and Turbine side do have the reduction of thePerformance of turbocharger. so, we need to reduce turbine side (T3) temperaturepassing through bearing housing. The main goal of this project is to reduce theHeat transfer to the Central Housing and oil. And to propose the DesignModification suggestion to ensure oil is not overheated and reduce heat transferfrom turbine housing to the central housing. Reduction is at a better level in oilflow area, oil drain, compressor and turbine side journal and turbine sealing ring,whereas good reduction is seen at the contact area between THsg and BHsg.Keywords: Turbocharger, Oil Coking, V-Shape Gasket, Cartridge Shield


148

Paper ID: 042

Design and Fabrication of Fuel less PowerGeneration

Madhan Kumar G, Purusothaman M*, Jenith Raj J, Pradeep Kumar J,School Of Mechanical Engineering

Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India* Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The world is getting modernized and industrialized day by day. As aresult vehicles and engines are increasing. But energy sources used in these enginesare limited and decreasing gradually. Our world is demand for innovation to findfor alternative source of power as it is very important to find ecofriendly powersource that is green planet. Fuel less generation is the function without any ICengine which normally demands for fuel as a input source as that battery storage isconverts power of electricity that changes to alternate current from direct current.This project is based on difference of two machine in fact of their efficiency. Theoutput result of the machine is states that when there is no load performing onmachine and another observation states that when load is increases high outputwill be decreases. As the innovation ideas generating developments of new device isintroduced to make future better. However, there is an demand for energy. Onlywhere not need pay for generating electricity after the design is assembled andbecome cost free energy. Free energy generation using flywheel system is a devicethat generates friendly energy which called renewable power. This research stateshow to use a generate power by using flywheel which run by motor and dynamo.This research is to produce electrical energy by low-cost design.Keywords: Fuel less, Power Generation, Low cost


149

Paper ID: 055

Cooling of Gearbox Oil Using Peltier Module

Karthikeyan.A, Purusothaman M*, Srinivasa Rao V, Vales Thomson JSchool of Mechanical Engineering

Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai,India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The Industrial Gearbox requires better lubrication to reduce thefriction. Better lubrication demands better cooling of oil. Cooling is the heart of thelubrication system, if it fails then it results in worn of gears. Temperature is one ofthe parameters that largely decides the properties of the oil. The temperature ofthe oil increases after the lubrication of gears. To cool gear oil, large size of coolersis used or need to be replaced continuously. This project introduces a new,compact and efficient way of cooling using Peltier’s principle. This is done byintroducing Peltier’s module. seen that there is a colossal extent of exploration inthis field about thermoelectric materials, but in this case if use multipleconnections of Peltier with correct specification then its efficiency is slightlyincrease due to its compatibility it consume smaller in space. And also we can theheat removed from oil to preheat purposes too. If Peltier is built large in sizemeans then it can used to large size industrial gearbox and solar power is used topower the Peltier module.Keywords: Peltier, Cooling, Gearbox oil, thermoelectric materials


150

Paper ID: 056

Assessment of diverse characteristics of dieselengine fuelled with various biofuels: A Review

Geddam Prasada Rao1*, L.S.V.Prasad1 and V. Dhana Raju2

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering (A) AndhraUniversity, Visakhapatnam-530003, A.P, India.

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering,Mylavaram, A.P, India.

*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Energy consumption has been rising globally as a result of numerousdevelopments in many sectors. Various forms of fossil reserves are being utilized tofulfill the rising energy needs, resulting in fossil reserves depletion accompanied byecological degradation. The growing demand must be met by alternative energysources that can compensate for the depletion of fossil resources while alsobalancing the ecosystem. Biodiesel is one of them, which is a proven alternative toovercome the energy crisis. For biodiesel synthesis, edible vegetable oils are apotential feedstock, but their use might imperil the food supply and destabilize theenvironment. As a result, non-edible vegetable oils are being investigated aspossible replacements for edible vegetable oils. This study presents a detailedanalysis of many elements of biodiesel, its properties, and the performance andemission characteristics of various diesel-biodiesel blends in conventional dieselengines and Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engines as well.Keywords: Biodiesel, Performance, Combustion, Emission.


151

Paper ID: 066

Investigation of performance and emissions ofdirect-injection diesel engine fueled with

quaternary blendsMd. Modassir Khan 1*, Arun Kumar Kadian 2

1 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, IndiaCorresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Abstract The increasing energy demand has caused depletion of the existingpetroleum reserves. The air pollution caused by the exhaust emissions of dieselengines has created environmental problems. This dual concern of energy securityand environmental threats has driven the researchers to focus on alternate-sustainable fuel for the modern transport sector. Many studies have suggestedbiodiesel as sustainable-alternate fuel. Alcohols have also proved to be promisingadditives for diesel and biodiesel in order to enhance their physical-chemicalproperties. The physical-chemical properties of biodiesel and diesel have shownsimilarities with diesel. The recent focus has been on quaternary blends comprisingof neem biodiesel, neem oil, decanol and diesel. The quaternary blends possessimmense potential for transport-energy sector with promising outcomes for engineperformance and emissions. The inclusion of vegetable oil in the quaternary blendscurbs the consumption of diesel and enhances lubricity. The quaternary blendswere tested in a single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine at varying load of25% (6 Nm), 50% (12 Nm), 75% (18 Nm) and 100% (24 Nm, full load) at constantengine speed of 2000 rpm. They resulted in higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE)and lower brake power (BP) than diesel. The inclusion of higher concentration ofdecanol improved brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The exhaust emissionswere lower for quaternary blends and D50B50 than diesel. Although quaternaryblends resulted in high NOx emission yet 15% of decanol addition offered lowest

NOx. The inclusion of 45% decanol in the blends proved promising in improvingperformance and mitigating emissions.Keywords: Neem biodiesel, Decanol, Quaternary blends


152

Paper ID: 076

A Mathematical Steady-State Energy BalanceModel for Studying the Physiology of the Human

BodyShashikant Das1*, Sudhakar Subudhi1, Deepak Kumar2

1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, 247667, India2Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand, 246174,

IndiaCorresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract To improve work efficiency and the quality of life of human beings, thestudy of thermal comfort is essential. Thermoregulation of the human body isexamined analytically in this study. The human body's steady-state heat balancemodel is used to design a mathematical model. Convective, radiative, respiratory,and evaporative heat transfer is the heat transfer mechanisms used in this model.The behaviour of mean body, core, and required skin temperatures to attainthermal comfort are observed by increasing metabolic rate and keeping all otherparameters constant. The behaviour of different modes of heat transfer is examinedby increasing ambient temperature and keeping all other parameters constant. Theconvection, radiation and respiration heat losses to the environment decrease;however, evaporation heat loss increases due to the increase of environmentaltemperature. With the increase of ambient temperature by keeping all otherparameters constant, the behaviour of mean body and core temperatures areexamined.Keywords: Thermoregulation, Steady-state, Thermal comfort, Skin temperature,Core temperature


153

Paper ID: 079

Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics ofComposite Phase Change Material in Spherical

EncapsulationOhviya Lakshmi K 1, Viswa balaji S 1, Agilan SV 1, Sundaram P2

1Engineering student (4th year), School of Mechanical Engineering,2Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical Engineering,

SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603203

Abstract Cold thermal energy storage (CTES) plays a crucial role in many industrialapplications such as central air-conditioning in the large buildings, high powered electroniccooling applications, waste heat recovery, food processing, and restoring the electricalpower imbalance between daytime need and night-time abundance. Conventional fluidssuch as water and ethylene glycol are usually used as heat transfer fluids in severalindustrial applications. This project discusses the comprehensive study on the heat transfercharacteristics of composite phase change material by spherical encapsulation. Additiveslike Poly Acrylic Acid Sodium (PAAS) and Sodium Chloride (NaCl) are added in differentconcentrations to the Base Phase Change Material (PCM) (Di-Water) and encapsulated ina Low Density Poly-Ethylene (LDPE) to study the solidification behaviour. Two steppreparation method is followed for the preparation of PCM solution where the first step isto undergo magnetic stirring for 30 minutes and the second is probe-sonication process for10 minutes each. The solidification study shows that addition of NaCl has significantnucleating effects and shows a reduction in super cooling degree and an increase insolidification time. PAAS shows best signification effects than NaCl by abating the supercooling region completely and favouring a reduction in solidification time by avoiding theusage of tap water instead of DI-Water and usage of gel structured PCM. It is understoodfrom our study that usage of PCM efficiently eradicates the discrepancy between supplyand demand of energy during peak hours by retrieving the energy which was stored innon-peak hours when needed. Therefore, the over use of energy during peak hours isreduced and affecting the environment less relatively.Keywords: Solidification, cold thermal energy storage, sub-cooling, composite PCM,energy.


154

Paper ID: 081

Investigation on Hydrogen Production usingConcentrated Solar Thermal (CST) Technologythrough Thermochemical Water Splitting and

Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOEC)Senthil Kumar and K. Ravi Kumar*

Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas,New Delhi – 110 016

* Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract. In this article, an investigation on hydrogen production usingconcentrated solar thermal technology is presented. The thermal energy generatedfrom the central tower is used in two different technologies namely (a)thermochemical water splitting and (b) high temperature solid oxide electrolysersfor continuous H2 production. The 10 MWth central tower plant is modeled andsimulated using SolarPILOT software for the Jaisalmer location in India on anhourly basis. The results revealed that the average daily energy yield from thecentral tower is 45.43 MWh with the peak instantaneous power delivery of 6.3MWth. The data is further used as input to the hydrogen models for estimating thehourly hydrogen production rate. The obtained result denotes that the proposedmodel shall generate hydrogen at a rate of 31.46 kg/hr. and 25.2 kg/hr usingthermochemical water splitting and high temperature solid oxide electrolysersrespectively.Keywords: Solar Energy, Green Hydrogen, Thermochemical Water Splitting,Solid Oxide Electrolyser.


155

Paper ID: 082

A Study on Rayleigh Plateau Instability in SlenderJets of Nuclear Materials

M Chandra Kumar 1*, A Jasmin Sudha 2, V Subramanian 2, R.Venkatesan 2, S Athmalingam 2, BVenkatraman 2,

1 Research Scholar, Homi Bhabha National Institute, IGCAR2 SQRMG, IGCAR Kalpakkam 603102, TN, INDIA


Abstract. In Sodium cooled Fast Reactors, in the unforeseen event of the coremelting scenario, the molten nuclear fuel called corium, melts through the gridplate and interacts with the coolant sodium in the reactor main vessel. Thisinteraction of the fuel and coolant is commonly termed as Molten Fuel CoolantInteraction (MFCI) in nuclear industry. The molten material will fall in the formof jet or stream into the coolant under the action of gravity. The study of MFCI isimportant because of its potential to add more thermal load on the core catcherbased on the jet breakup and debris settling pattern on the core catcher. Themolten jet will be subjected to thermodynamic as well as hydrodynamic forceswhich will eventually lead to its breakup. Hydrodynamic forces such as surfacetension and inertial forces play a prominent role in the breakup of the jet.Depending on the jet velocity, the jet breakup can happen in dripping or jettingmode. Rayleigh Plateau (RP) instability prevails in dripping regime of the jet. Inthis work, nature of flow of jet which breaks up due to RP instability isinvestigated numerically, applying stability analysis theory. Breakup length,breakup time and primary droplet diameter of uranium plutonium mixed oxide fuel(MOX) jet in liquid sodium at low jet velocities were studied. The trend ofbreakup characteristics is also evaluated for a few other nuclear reactor materialssuch as metallic fuel and stainless steel.Keywords: Jet Breakup, Molten Corium, Fuel Coolant Interaction, RayleighPlateau Instability.


156

Paper ID: 083

Numerical Investigation of a Channel during Lossof Coolant Accident

Bhuwanesh Kumar*, Ravi Kumar, Akhilesh GuptaDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee,

Roorkee, 247667, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. This paper numerically investigated the thermal behavior in the nuclearreactor channel during the Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) along with the failureof the Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS). The temperature distribution hasbeen thoroughly analyzed and its effect on the behavior of the reactor channel issimulated using steady-state thermal analysis in ANSYS Workbench 19.2. Insteady-state thermal analysis, Surface-to-Surface correlation property and Perfectenclosure type property were used to determine the temperature distribution, andheat fluxes in the channel. The temperature was found to range from 1186.8 ℃ to1184.5℃ , 1129.3 ℃ to 965.83℃ , 932.63℃ to 757.88℃ , 619.01℃ to 612.72℃ insurfaces of center Clad, middle clads ring, outer clads ring and PT respectively.Heat loss from clad tubes to pressure tube (PT) inner surface and calandria tube(CT) inner surface is approximately 1.84 % and 1.89%, respectively.Keywords: LOCA, PT, CT


157

Paper ID: 103

Experimental Comparative Analysis of HeatTransfer Enhancement in Shell and Coiled TubeHeat Exchanger with Winged Insert and Annular

Fin*R.Periyasamy1 [0000-0001-8930-9415] and S.Santhia2

*1 Assistant Professor, Karpagam College of Engineering, Othakalmandapam, Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu 641032,India

2 PG Scholar, Government College of Engineering Salem, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636011, India

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Abstract. Annular fins and winged insert are utilized in the helically coil to up-grade the shell and helically wound cylinder heat exchanger and furthermore theheat and frictional attributes are introduced in this paper. The experimental ex-amination is done in four methods of activity. Water is utilized as the liquid in theheat exchanger. In the primary mode, the winged insert is in the coiled tube andthe annular blades are on the external surface tube. In the subsequent mode, justthe addition is set inside the coiled tube. In the third mode just the annular finsare fitted on the external surface of the curled tube. In the fourth mode, an emptytube is analyzed. From the previous study this work differs in the use of theturbulator which has a novel design of thorn like projections present along thelength of the insert which was not used before. Findings demonstrated that for thecoil tube inner diameter of 10mm, shell length of 700mm and annular fin surfaceare of 4mm2, the greatest estimation of effectiveness and the heat transfer coefficientare acquired as 0.61 and 148.18 W/m2K for the arrangement of coil with embedand annular blade at Qshell = 1 LPM, QCoil = 5 LPM.Keywords: annular fins, shell and coiled tube heat exchanger, winged insert,


158

Paper ID: 108

Modelling Of Solar Thermal Based AdsorptionCooling System for Residential Building

Shubha Deep Paul and K. Ravi Kumar*Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas,

Delhi-110016, India*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract. The detrimental effect of mechanical vapour compression airconditioning system on the environment and their energy intensive nature arecompelling the researchers to make the efforts to enhance the capability of solarthermal based adsorption cooling system (STACS). In the current study, modellingof a STACS is performed under the weather condition of Delhi, India in order tofulfil the thermal energy demand of a typical building. According to the coolingload of the building, 3 TR (Ton of Refrigeration) adsorption chiller has beenconsidered. The performance parameter is considered as solar fraction (SF) for thesystem optimization. The performance of the STACS is found better for the majorcontributing parameters such as evacuated tube solar collector area and storagetank capacity for the specified mass flow rate of 100 kg/hr are 30 m2, and 600 Lrespectively. Based on the analysis, the optimized system could achieve coefficientof performance (COP) of the STACS is 0.54.Keywords: Solar Energy, Evacuated Tubular Collector, Vapor Adsorption,TRNSYS.


159

Paper ID: 123

A review on piezoelectric vibration energyharvesters

Kirandeep Singh1*, Rohit Tamrakar21M.Tech Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology,

Surat, Gujarat, India2Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of

Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract Piezoelectric energy harvesters are attractive for developing self-generating power. The combination of sparse energy and the huge weight ofbatteries poses the most censorious problem for individuals having high electricitydemands in remote areas and who are already carrying hefty loads (such asexplorers or field scientists). Piezoelectric energy harvesters are cost-effectiveenergy harvesters, are used for many applications like recharging the batteries, andhelp move towards the technology of battery-less devices and sensors. In ourenvironment, ambient energy is available in various forms like energy from the sunwhich is called solar energy, energy from heat which is called thermal energy andthe energy produced from vibratory motion of the body called vibration energy.Among the mentioned energies, vibration energy is constantly present in natureand manmade devices and structures. This paper reviews the work done in the areaof piezoelectric vibration harvesters from the last ten years. This paper also reviewsthe recent advancements in piezoelectric materials that are used in piezoelectricvibration energy harvesters.Keywords: Piezoelectric, energy harvester, vibration


160

Paper ID: 125

CFD simulation and evaluation of dispersionprocess associated with cooling water system of

nuclear plantP.Suganya1,2*, G.Swaminathan2, B.Anoop3

1 BHAVINI, Kalpakkam-603127, Tamilnadu, India2 National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli-603127, India

3 IGCAR, Kalpakkam*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Radiation defense and biological shield provided by the containmentstructures are supported by the good operational condition of the safety-relatedcooling water system. One of the customary failures among the major watersystems is lapses and failures encountered in maintaining the water quality andsystem chemistry. This study is conducted to evaluate the dispersion of chemicalsadded in the auxiliary cooling water system to maintain the process chemistry. Thestructure was modeled, and the operating conditions were simulated in Ansys workbench 2021. Detailed analysis of the diffusion of hypochlorite ions in cooling towerbasin involves mixing, diffusion and distribution of hypochlorite ions in water. Thediffusion of hypochlorite ions is modeled through species transport in the presentstudy. The prototype model was developed to understand the physics involved inthe process. The optimum dose and flow of hypochlorite ions to improve thesystem performance was arrived. This study was helpful to minimize the time andenergy required in the trail runs faced to maintain the process chemistry condition.Keywords: Dispersion, Water quality, Sodium hypochlorite


161

Paper ID: 131

Simulation Studies on Harmonic Analysis ofLighting Loads

Madhu Palati1* and Madhu M.C2

1 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology andManagement, Bangalore, India


Abstract. In recent days the demand for electrical power is increasing, to caterthe need, generation has to be raised. Since the conventional resources aredepleting, the focus was made on renewable energy generation. Also, it is aimed toreduce the Electrical power consumption by switching the home lighting system toCFL or LED lamps. By using these lamps, the power consumption is reduced andefficiency is increased, at the same time these lamps are posing a threat to thedistribution system by injecting harmonics into the source leading to poor powerquality. In this paper emphasis is made in studying the harmonic analysis ofdifferent lamps and methods are proposed to mitigate the harmonics. Models aredeveloped in PSPICE and FFT analysis is carried out on the current waveform.Design of filter circuit is proposed to reduce the total harmonic distortion in thesystem.Keywords: CFL, LED, Harmonics, Filter, THD, FFT, PSPICE.


162

Paper ID: 136

Effects of hot and cold EGR in CRDI diesel enginefuelled with B20 blend of rice bran oil biodiesel

S.Aravinthan1, David Lazar1, M.A.Habeebullah1, J.Jayaprabakar1*1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai,

India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The Rice bran oil biodiesel is prepared; properties are measured andtested in a CRDI diesel engine. B20 blend of rice bran biodiesel and normal dieselis tested without exhaust gas recirculation and in the next phase both hot and coldexhaust gas recirculation is introduced. 4 sets of EGR are varied viz., 10% hotEGR (EGR 10 H), 20% hot EGR (EGR 20 H), 10% cold EGR (EGR 10 C), 20%cold EGR (EGR 20 C). The diesel recorded high brake thermal efficiency comparedto biodiesel blend either with EGR or without EGR. At full condition, the specificfuel consumption for diesel was less compared to the biodiesel blend. Dieselproduces fewer amounts CO at higher loads where EGR 20 C produces more. EGR20 C produces low NOx rate at higher loads. Diesel has recorded less Hydro carbonemissions while EGR 20H blend produced more. B20 blend tested at without EGRcondition has produced high smoke opacity values, but when EGR is introduced,the smoke opacity reduced considerably.Keywords: Common Rail Direct Injection, Rice Bran Oil, Exhaust GasRecirculation, Emission.


163

Paper ID: 143

A comprehensive review on the numerical analysisof flow field characteristics over NACA aerofoils in

the presence of rainPraneeth H R [1], Amit Kumar Thakur [2] * and J. Ronald Aseer [3]

1 Ph.D. Scholar, Aerospace Department LPU, Punjab2 Associate Professor & COD, Aerospace Department LPU, Punjab

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT Puducherry, Karaikal, Puducherry, India


Abstract. The frenzied demand for the transit of humans and commodities in thismodern world requires aircraft to operate in adverse weather conditions of rainfall,ice accretion, and gust. The work gives a brief overview of the adverse effect ofrainfall on aerodynamic characteristics for various phases of flight in terms ofevaluation of the aircraft performance flight characteristics such as CL, CD, L/D. Italso portrays the significant phenomenon of boundary layer transition at lowerAOA near the leading edge and flows separation taking place nearby the trailingedge at higher AOA. The study also showcases the presence of uneven water filmon wing surface due to droplet impingement, instabilities, and the interaction ofwater droplets with air flowing over the airfoil, and splitting into rivulets whichresults in degradation of aerodynamic characteristics. The findings of this reviewpaper could be of immense use to aviation industries in developing an aircraft thathas better aerodynamic characteristics for all weather conditions.Keywords: Boundary layer transition, Flow separation, Liquid water content,Rainfall splash back, Water film.


164

Paper ID: 144

A Comprehensive Review on Space debris and itsMitigation Techniques

Samruddhi Chaugule[1] and Amit Kumar Thakur [2]

1, 2 Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract: Space debris is miscellaneous of all the tiny fragments of spacecraft andother objects revolving in orbit, rocket stages, erosion, and collisions. In 1957, theSPUTNIK- 1 of the Soviet Union made a stepping stone towards space exploration.Since then, satellite information has become a crucial resource of scientific study aswell as public and commercial utilization. The government, as well as the privatesector, have been continuously launching satellites for remote sensing, earthexploration, communication, space exploration, studying other planets, and manymore. These satellites are at different altitudes depending upon their concernedwork. Most of the satellites are found in LEO (Low Earth Orbit) at an altitude upto 2000 kilometers. Some of them are also placed at 36,000 kilometers in GEO(Geosynchronous Earth Orbit). In the past 5 years, scientists have discoveredseveral other sources of space debris than that of the major source satelliteexplosions. Space debris research will help in discovering and eradicating these tinydetectable fragments of satellites. Space debris cannot be fully demolished but canbe reduced for safe future missions. Hence, this paper will analyze the possiblethreats (according to the size, source, and orbit) and note down the recentmitigation techniques proposed by scientists and space organizations.Keywords: Space debris, Kesseler syndrome, Low Earth Orbit.


165

Paper ID: 145

Critical Review on Optimization of Star PropellantGrain Design

Aditya Sharma [1] and Amit Kumar Thakur [2]

1, 2 Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. The alignment of the star grain design has shown that it is veryattractive for the efficient use of strong power-generating rockets. Among the manybenefits of star shape of grain is to reduce the natural weight of a rocket motorstructure; protection of the walls of the rooms from extreme heat; and theopportunity to get a wider range of that fixed pressure. The effects of changes onvarious design parameters are investigated in this paper, each design parameter istreated differently while other parameters. It is always thought. Different types ofgrains are compared, about the same size as the propellant material. Theinvestigated parameters include grain geometry, initial temperature range, grainerosion, and critical width erosion, web-burning, and sliver burning. The results arecompiled to show variations in end-to-head pressure and time.Keywords: Star grain, solid propellant grain design, Port geometry.


166

Paper ID: 146

Understanding of SpaceTime-4th DimensionMS Ragul1*, Bhawadharanee2, Amit Kumar Thakur 33

1,2,3 Lovely Professional University, Punjab-144411, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Space time is a single concept that describes the interaction of spaceand time, also known as the four-dimensional universe. It is a concept that candescribe almost any event in the universe. when matter influences the space-timethat not only creates deformation in space but also may affects the flow of time.Einstein published his theory of relativity in 1905, which demonstrated that spaceand time are intertwined. Also, his theory of general relativity states that massiveobjects bend the space time around them, and a warped space-time affects anobject's gravitational field. So, locally, space time bends around any mass. LaterHerman Minkowski created a light cone diagram to depict these four dimensions.This paper summarizes how space and time are related and how time became afactor in our lives, but it appears to be an essential component of it.Keywords: Space-time, Frame of reference, Relativity


167

Paper ID: 151

Experimental study on low-temperature solarcollector using aluminum single and double-slit

twisted tapeElumalai Vengadesan*, Ramalingam Senthil

Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur,Chennai, India


Abstract. Flat plate solar collector (FPSC) plays a significant role in domesticwater heating as simple in operation and maintenance. The collector output is lowdue to more loss and lower heat transfer to the water. The passive turbulencecreator is most familiar among different methods to enhance the heat transfer tothe water. This work investigates the enhancement of heat transfer of copper tubesof FPSC with three different flow inserts at constant water flow 0.025 kg/s. Themaximum temperature and convective heat transfer coefficient are obtained whendouble-slit twisted tape insert is employed into the absorber. The double-slit andsingle-slit twisted tape inserted absorbers have their maximum Nu of 10.2 and 8.The double-slit straight tape inserted and plain absorber have the Nu of 7.8 and5.6. The energy efficiencies of FPSC with plain, double-slit straight tape, single-slittwisted tape, and double-slit twisted tape inserted absorber are 66%, 73%, 77%,and 81.8%, respectively. The exergy efficiency is 2.6%, 3.2%, 3.3%, and 3.8%,respectively. Double-slit twisted tape insert is observed with improved energy andexergy efficiency by 23.9% and 46.2% than conventional collectors without a flowinsert. FPSC’s average energy efficiency without insertions was 48.2%, whereas thedouble-slit twisted tape was 66.5%. The pressure drop is higher for the collectorwith inserts than without inserts, which leads to a higher pump power requirement.Thus, the passive inserts are useful in heat transfer augmentation in FPSC.Keywords: Heat Transfer, Solar Collector, Twisted Tape.


168

Paper ID: 155

PMSG Based Wind Energy Conversion Systemwith MPPT Controlled Boost Converter

Vivek Kisku1, Sukanta Roga2, Subir Dutta3

1,2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur-440010, Maharashtra, India

3 Electrical Engineering Department, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, Mizoram, India*Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. A computational study is conducted to evaluate the performance of aWECS consisting of a VAWT and a PMSG. In the paper, implementation of theWECS in a low wind speed region has been studied using a 1vawt in the simulatedenvironment. To derive the maximal power as output from the WECS, a powerpoint tracking method is implemented. The technique used in the simulationutilizes the power and voltage of the PMSG to check the maximum power point bygenerating the reference values and comparing it with the DC output values. Acontrol scheme is designed for the power converter to generate PWM for IGBTswitch. The input parameters for wind turbines, PMSG and boost converters werechosen so as to produce the best-optimized output comprising of DC power, voltage,current, rotor angular speed, power coefficient, electromagnetic, and mechanicaltorque. The simulated wind energy conversion system's computational results wereacquired, and its performance is examined.Keywords: Wind energy, Energy system control, Modeling and simulation.


169

Paper ID: 168

A Review of PV Power Utilizations in India andImpacts of Segregation and Safe Disposal of Toxic

Components from Retired Solar PanelsJayapradha P*1 and Dr.Debabrata Barik2

1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of HigherEducation, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

2Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education,Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India*[email protected]

Abstract. Environmental impacts of electricity production through Non-renewablesources are greatly reduced by solar energy production through PV Cells. The useof solar energy as an alternate to conventional methods is about to increase tenfoldby the year 2050.This considerably increases the quantity of solar cell wastes forwhich the recycling processes are confronted with various issues due to thepresence of hazardous materials like Al, lead, Chromium, glass, silver, ethylenevinyl etc. Different approaches for the disposal and segregation of these materialsthrough mechanical, thermal and chemical means are investigated through thisreview work. Since many countries have begun to implement mechanisms to dealwith the destruction of solar PV panels, this evaluation will concentrate on theexisting mechanisms and procedures. Existing mechanism like land filling, opendumping and regulations and policies of retired solar panel were discussed.Keywords: Photovoltaic, segregation, mechanical, Chemical


170

Paper ID: 173

Four Port Converters with PV and Fuel Cell forLow-Voltage Bipolar DC Micro grid

S.Sharma1*, K.Rajambal21 2 Department of EEE, Puducherry Technological University, Puducherry

**Corresponding Author Email address: [email protected]

Abstract. Renewable energy sources are quite easy to interface with a low voltageDC micro grid applications. It has one step of power conversion which is essentialfor power flowing into the grid. PV system is growing everywhere in this centuryso the research on combining other sources with PV attracted in recent times. Thisarticle employs a four-port DC-DC converter which connected with thephotovoltaic solar (PV) and hydrogen - powered fuel resources to a low-voltageBipolar DC Micro Grid. With only one inductor, this model contains lesser circuitelements. The performance of the four-port converter is investigated for varyinginput voltages and load conditions through Matlab simulation. It deals with thecomparison of both Dual input Dual output converter and four port proposedconverters. The converter's capacity to provide dual output with a single inputsource as well as two sources is also investigated, and the results discussions weregiven.Keywords: Four port converter (FPC), photovoltaic (PV) system, Fuel Cell (FC),Bipolar DC Micro Grid (BDCMG).


171

Paper ID: 185

Evaluation of Combustion Characteristics of FuelDerived from the Waste Lubricating Oil with N-

Pentanol Additives in Diesel EngineVenkatesan, S.P.1 , Subbiah Ganesan2 , S.Lakshmisankar3 , P. L. Leonard Ignatius4 , and Naveen.R5

1,2,3,4,5 School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology,Chennai-119, India


Abstract. An experiment is carried out with three blends consisting of used engineoil, n-Pentanol and diesel. This study provides an alternate fuel to diesel. Enginefuel is extracted from used engine oil by the method of pyrolysis distillation.Zeolite, sodium carbonate (Na2Co3) and lime (CaO) are used as a catalyst in thepyrolysis process. The blend has a volume percentage of 65% diesel, 25% pyrolysiswaste engine oil and 10% n-Pentanol has shown best performance compared todiesel and other blends. The brake thermal efficiency of this blend had noticed adecrease of about 1% compared to pure diesel at full load and the NOX, CO, HC,and CO2 emissions were found to be 20%, 10%, 15%, and 10% lower than that ofpure diesel at maximum load.Keywords: Diesel engine, n-Pentanol, Waste engine lubrication oil, Emissions,Efficiency


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December 16 -18, 2021 - NIT Puducherry

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