D2.1 LES: Operational requirements, use cases and KPIs

Deliverable 2.1: LES: Operational requirements, use cases and KPIs

Delivery Date: July 2019

D2.1 LES: Operational requirements, use cases and KPIs 1

*Type: P: Prototype; R: Report; D: Demonstrator; O: Other.

**Security Class: PU: Public; PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission); RE: Restricted to a group defined by the consortium (including the Commission); CO: Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission).

Title Document Version

D2.1 LES: Operational requirements, use cases and KPIs 2.0

Project Number Project Acronym Project Title

H2020-824424 COMPILE COMPILE: Integrating community power in energy islands

Contractual Delivery Date Actual Delivery Date Deliverable Type*-Security**

31. July 2019 31 July 2019 R-PU

Responsible Organisation Contributing WP

Jure Ratej ETRL WP2

Abstract

The document describes general characteristics of energy islands and gives specific information on COMPILE pilot sites. Based on identified problems that the pilot sites are faced with, the Use Cases are defined which will be implemented in individual pilot sites and supported by COMPILE ICT tools. The Use Cases are linked with Key Performance Indicators defined to enable tracking the results of activities performed within the project.

Keywords

Energy Communities, Local Energy Systems, Use Cases, Key Performance Indicators


This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme

under Grant Agreement № 824424. More information available at https://www.compile-project.eu/

Copyright Statement

The work described in this document has been conducted within the COMPILE project. This document reflects only the COMPILE Consortium view and the European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

This document and its content are the property of the COMPILE Consortium. All rights relevant to this document are determined by the applicable laws. Access to this document does not grant any right or license on the document or its contents. This document or its contents are not to be used or treated in any manner inconsistent with the rights or interests of the COMPILE Consortium or the Partners detriment and are not to be disclosed externally without prior written consent from the COMPILE Partners.

Each COMPILE Partner may use this document in conformity with the COMPILE Consortium Grant Agreement provisions.

REVISION HISTORY

Version Date Description Author (Organisation)

V0.1 16.05.2019 New document Jure Ratej (ETRL)

V0.2 26.06.2019 Contributions from partners

Tomi Medved (UL), Lola Alacreu, Diego Garcia-Casarrubios (ETRA), Andreas Tuerk, Dorian Frieden (JR), Athanasios Vassilakis (ICCS),

Gašper Artač (PETR), Stanislas d’Herbemont (RESC), Rita Marouço (COOP), Alex Chronis (RAF), Boris Pavlin (ZEZ)

V0.3 17.07.2019 Description of

2UCs Tomi Medved (UL), Lola Alacreu (ETRA), Andreas Tuerk, Dorian

Frieden (JR), Gašper Artač (PETR), Stanislas d’Herbemont (RESC)

V0.4 24.07.2019 Final draft Jure Ratej (ETRL)

V0.5 29.07.2019 Peer review comments

Tomi Medved (UL), Diego García (ETRA), Lola Alacreu (ETRA)

V1.0 31.07.2019 Final version,

for submission Jure Ratej (ETRL), Tomi Medved (UL), Andrej Gubina (UL)


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Development of energy-related technologies in the field of consumption, small-scale energy production and public grid operation on the local level enables implementation of new technical and organisational measures supported by new business models.

The goal of this transition is twofold: to enhance RES integration and to increase the security of supply in a new way, namely without or with reduced need for implementation of traditional measures (i.e. grid reinforcement) which are usually performed to achieve the mentioned goals. In this sense, the objective of the COMPILE project is to unite the efforts of DSOs, energy market actors and communities of active final customers to achieve an economically efficient operation of Local Energy Systems.

To achieve the project objectives, an extensive analysis of the current situation in five pilot sites was conducted, which resulted in the identification of goals that individual pilot sites aim to achieve and of obstacles of technical, organisational or legislative nature that hinder the achievement of these goals. Based on this analysis, a set of Use Cases was defined, which describe the appropriate measures to be taken in individual pilot sites together with objectives (purpose), goals (postconditions after implementation) and actors that will take part in the implementation of these measures.

Execution of Use Cases will be supported by COMPILE ICT tools, where for each Use Case the involved tools are defined together with preconditions that must be fulfilled to enable achievement of Use Case goals by optimum exploitation of ICT tools’ functionalities.

To enable tracking the progress and evaluation of results of actions performed within the project a list of Key Performance Indicators, each of them linked to a specific Use Case, was determined.

The results of activities of T2.1 represent a quality foundation for subsequent project activities. Above all, they enable definition of COMPILE system architecture (T2.3 System architecture definition), determination of measures to be taken in development of pilot sites’ Energy Communities (WP4 Energy community development), actual implementation of COMPILE technical solutions and organisational activities (WP5 Pilot sites) and evaluation of project results (WP 6 Impact assessment).


Table of contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 3

1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 9

Purpose of the document ............................................................................................ 9

Scope of the document ............................................................................................... 9

Structure of the document .......................................................................................... 9

2 ENERGY ISLANDS AND COMPILE PROJECT .............................................................. 11

Energy Island definition ............................................................................................. 11

Objectives of COMPILE project .................................................................................. 11

Technical characteristics of Local Energy Systems .................................................... 12

General characteristics ................................................................................................. 12 Grid operation ............................................................................................................... 12 Consumption and local production ............................................................................... 14

Organisational and social characteristics of Energy Communities ............................ 14

Definition of energy communities ................................................................................ 14 Main issues tackled ....................................................................................................... 17 Project goals for energy communities .......................................................................... 17

Legislative and regulatory context ............................................................................ 18

3 PILOT SITES DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................... 20

Demonstration site Luče ............................................................................................ 20

General description ....................................................................................................... 20 General data about Energy Community and Local Energy System ............................... 21 Installations and actors involved in the pilot ................................................................ 22

Demonstration site Križevci ....................................................................................... 23


Demonstration site Crevillent .................................................................................... 25


Replicant site Rafina .................................................................................................. 26


Replicant site Lisbon .................................................................................................. 27



4 SURVEY ABOUT CURRENT SITUATION IN PILOT SITES ............................................. 30

Purpose and structure of the questionnaire ............................................................. 30

Basic data about pilot site ............................................................................................. 30 Specific questions related to LES and Energy Community ............................................ 31

Analysis of answers from pilot sites .......................................................................... 32

Demonstration site Luče ............................................................................................... 32 Demonstration site Križevci .......................................................................................... 33 Demonstration site Crevillent ....................................................................................... 35 Replicant site Rafina ...................................................................................................... 36 Replicant site Lisbon ..................................................................................................... 37

Summary of results .................................................................................................... 38

Relevance for pilot sites and expectations from COMPILE project .............................. 38 Main obstacles .............................................................................................................. 39

5 COMPILE ICT TOOLS ............................................................................................... 42

COOLkit ...................................................................................................................... 42

ValueTool ................................................................................................................... 43

GridRule ..................................................................................................................... 43

GridRule (ETRA) ............................................................................................................. 43 GridRule (Petrol) ........................................................................................................... 44

HomeRule .................................................................................................................. 44

HomeRule (ETRA) .......................................................................................................... 44 HomeRule (Petrol)......................................................................................................... 45

EVRule ........................................................................................................................ 45

ComPilot..................................................................................................................... 46

6 DETERMINATION AND DESCRIPTION OF USE CASES ............................................... 47

Methodological approach.......................................................................................... 47

High Level Objectives and Primary Use Cases ........................................................... 47

High Level Objectives .................................................................................................... 47 Primary Use Cases ......................................................................................................... 48

Actors involved in Use Cases ..................................................................................... 51

Secondary Use Cases ................................................................................................. 52

Determination of Secondary Use Cases ........................................................................ 52 Description of Secondary Use Cases ............................................................................. 55 Implementation of Secondary Use Cases ..................................................................... 56


7 PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ..................... 59

General information .................................................................................................. 59

KPIs for High Level Objectives and Use Cases ........................................................... 59

KPI descriptions and mapping with Use cases ........................................................... 59

Implementation of KPIs in pilot sites (mapping) ....................................................... 65

8 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................... 68

9 REFERENCES AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................... 69

References ................................................................................................................. 69

Terms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................... 69

10 ANNEX A: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PILOT SITES .......................................................... 72

11 ANNEX B: DESCRIPTION OF SECONDARY USE CASES ............................................... 82

2UC-1.1 Increase local production: planning ....................................................................... 82

2UC-1.2 Increase local production: deployment (legislation, permits, skills, financing) ..... 84

2UC-2.1 Reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment .............................................................................................................. 85

2UC-3.1 Grid investments: planning .................................................................................... 88

2UC-3.2 Grid investments: deployment (legislation, permits, skills, financing) .................. 90

2UC-4.1 Grid operation: achieve supervision and control of micro-grid ............................. 91

2UC-5.1 Reduce LES operation costs: production/consumption optimisation on micro-grid level ............................................................................................................................ 95

2UC-5.2 Reduce LES operation costs: production/consumption optimisation on prosumer level ............................................................................................................................ 98

2UC-5.3 Reduce LES operation costs: introduce services for external actors ................... 101

2UC-6.1 Increase citizens awareness: environment, RES, consumption, grid operation, collective approach .................................................................................................. 104

2UC-6.2 Increase citizen participation ............................................................................... 105

2UC-7.1 Create an energy community (goals, citizens engagement, organisational approach, activity roadmap) ................................................................................... 106

2UC-7.2 Establish a legal structure .................................................................................... 107

2UC-7.3 Establish a democratic governance ...................................................................... 108

2UC-7.4 Create a structured community (goals, legislation, organisation, activity roadmap) ................................................................................................................................. 109


2UC-7.5 Mature a structured community (goals, approach towards other actors, new technologies, diversity of services) .......................................................................... 110

2UC-8.1 Provision of financial sources for investments and community activities ........... 111

2UC-9.1 Enhance relationships to grid actors .................................................................... 112

2UC-9.2 Enhance relationships to energy market actors .................................................. 113

2UC-9.3 Enhance relationships to local government ......................................................... 116

2UC-10.1 Promote additional energy services: tackling energy poverty .......................... 117

2UC-10.2 Co-benefits for citizens: energy efficiency services and environmental protection ................................................................................................................................. 118

2UC-11.1 Replication of innovative EnC procedures in large- and small-scale scenarios . 119

2UC-11.2 Replication of innovative EnC procedures in emerging economies .................. 121


LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Doing many things - comparing the activities of CECs and RECs ........................................... 16 Figure 2: Luče village ............................................................................................................................. 21 Figure 3: Locations of installations in EnC Luče .................................................................................... 22 Figure 4: PV plant on the roof of Technology Park Križevci .................................................................. 23 Figure 5: PV plant Library (planned) ..................................................................................................... 24 Figure 6: The city of Crevilent ............................................................................................................... 25 Figure 7: Solar farm “El Realengo” (left) and solar panels on the roof (right) ...................................... 26 Figure 8: Location of Rafina Pikermi Municipality ................................................................................ 27 Figure 9: Lisbon Pilot Site ...................................................................................................................... 28

LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Demonstration site Luče – General data ................................................................................ 21 Table 2: Demonstration site Križevci – General data ............................................................................ 24 Table 3: Demonstration site Crevillent – General data ........................................................................ 25 Table 4: Replicant site Rafina – General data ....................................................................................... 27 Table 5: Replicant site Lisbon – General data ....................................................................................... 28 Table 6: Demonstration site Luče – Summary of EnC related information .......................................... 32 Table 7: Demonstration site Križevci – Summary of EnC related information ..................................... 33 Table 8: Demonstration site Crevillent – Summary of EnC related information .................................. 35 Table 9: Replicant site Rafina – Summary of EnC related information ................................................. 36 Table 10: Replicant site Lisbon – Summary of EnC related information .............................................. 37 Table 11: Pilot sites summary results (Relevance of issues, expected treatment within COMPILE) .... 38 Table 12: Obstacles that prevent the pilot sites to achieve their goals................................................ 40 Table 13: Relationship between High Level Objectives and Primary Use Cases .................................. 51 Table 14: List of actors involved in EnC activities ................................................................................. 51 Table 15: List of COMPILE Secondary Use Cases .................................................................................. 52 Table 16: Relationship between Primary and Secondary Use Cases .................................................... 55 Table 17: Implementation of Secondary Use Cases in pilot sites ......................................................... 56 Table 18: Involvement of COMPILE tools in Secondary Use Cases ....................................................... 57 Table 19: KPIs for High Level Objectives ............................................................................................... 59 Table 20: Preliminary list of KPIs with mapping to primary UCs .......................................................... 60 Table 21: KPIs and pilot sites mapping ................................................................................................. 65


1 INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT This document analyses the specific conditions for the operation of weakly connected Local Energy Systems (LES) or parts of the grid that aim for more independence, and proposes the measures to improve the security of supply, increase the locally produced energy (preferably from RES) and reduce the costs of local energy system operation. Based on a survey, conducted during the early project phase, the problems of LESs and objectives of Energy Communities in pilot sites were identified with the purpose to define:

• The approach for setting up the COMPILE activities in individual pilot sites with an assessment of the feasibility of activities to be implemented,

• The preconditions for the deployment of activities and the goals (expected outcomes) of individual activities,

• The COMPILE ICT tools that will be involved in individual activities, and interdependencies between them, and

• The approach for quantification of results achieved during the project.

The document summarises the outcomes of activities of T2.1 Use cases definition and requirements and serves as an input for other tasks of WP2 Foundations for demonstrations, specifically for T2.2 Regulatory and organisational aspects and T2.3 System architecture definition. However, also the regulatory and legal aspect of T2.2 were input in the UC definition. The final part of the document (Chapter 7) describes the results of the preliminary activities of T2.5 KPI and monitoring preparation.

SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT Apart from offering a general description of energy islands, the document delivers the description of each individual pilot site, consisting of general information about pilot site, basic data about LES (consumption, production, connections with external grid), and information about installations and actors planned to be involved in the COMPILE activities, thus identifying the main obstacles and possible technical solutions to the indicated problems.

In addition to the pilot site description, the document offers information about COMPILE toolset, used to support the project partners in achieving the project’s objectives.

The document furthermore maps specific use cases (UC), defined for the most common operational problems with consideration of different sizes of energy communities, composition of production and consumption, and existing regulatory frameworks in the pilot sites, and stipulates criteria for tracking the progress of project activities and evaluation of results achieved during the project.

STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT After the identification of the general characteristics of energy islands (Chapter 2), the document continues with the description of five pilot sites (three demonstration, and two replicant), on which the main activities of the COMPILE project will be performed (Chapter 3). The following Chapter 4 provides the aim and the results of a survey, based on the questionnaire, presented in Annex A of this document, which was conducted during the early project phase in order to acquire basic information about individual pilot sites and identify the Energy Communities’ problems. After the summary of the


results of the survey, the document continues with the presentation of COMPILE ICT tools (Chapter 5), which have already been developed either within past EU projects or as commercial products, and will be implemented to support the project partners in achieving the project’s objectives. Determination and description of Use Cases and their relation to project’s High-Level Objectives are presented in the subsequent Chapter 6 and in Annex B. COMPILE’s methodological approach links UCs with Key Performance Indicators in order to track the progress and evaluate the results of the newly developed tools or actions performed within the project. The KPIs are defined in Chapter 7.


2 ENERGY ISLANDS AND COMPILE PROJECT

ENERGY ISLAND DEFINITION Development of energy-related technologies in the field of consumption, small-scale energy production and public grid operation on the local level enables implementation of new technical and organisational measures supported by new business models. The goal of these measures is to foster the development of local energy systems and to boost the use of local energy sources.

The COMPILE project defines an energy island as an area (e.g. isolated village, small city, urban district, rural area) either weakly connected to the grid or with a significant degree or potential of self-supply. The definition of an energy island is thus strictly technical; however, the activities linked to the operation of energy island’s grid (Local energy system — LES) are not purely technical – they also include social aspects which involve the engagement of citizens, enterprises and organisations, present on the area of energy island and organised in an Energy Community (EnC).

OBJECTIVES OF COMPILE PROJECT The COMPILE project aims to activate citizens and implement technical measures in order to support the fast growth of energy production from distributed energy resources (above all from Renewable Energy Sources — RES) in constrained networks and foster the transition from centralized planning and operation of power systems with passive grid users into a flexible network of active users. The goal of this transition is twofold: to enhance RES integration and to increase the security of supply in a new way, namely without or with reduced need for implementation of traditional measures (i.e. grid reinforcement) which are usually performed to achieve the mentioned goals. In this sense, COMPILE is uniting the efforts of DSOs, energy market actors and communities of active final customers to achieve an economically efficient operation of LES; the final goal of the project is, thus, to demonstrate in selected pilot sites the achievement of economically efficient operation by implementation of activities leading to an increased level of decentralization and enhanced citizen participation in energy-related activities. In this way, the optimized planning and operation of LES will result in increased societal benefits for citizens due to the economical use of resources, support to local businesses and decarbonisation of energy island.

The pilot sites where the COMPILE technical solutions and organisational measures will be implemented operate under different technical conditions and have different technologies already installed or planned to be deployed; the regulatory frameworks and organisation of local and regional governance structures are also different. Consequently, the goals of individual pilot sites, actors involved in the execution of COMPILE activities and possible value chains also differ. However, all pilot sites aim to reach, besides the goals specific for each site, two general goals: increase the level of self-sufficiency by the deployment of new RES and improve the security of energy supply which could be deteriorated due to increased penetration of RES.

Improvement of operation of pilot sites’ LES is not anticipated to be the only result of COMPILE. All pilot sites are in regions with a need for economic recovery; the socio-economic benefits in the field of energy are therefore of key importance for their roll-out.

In order to reach the stated goals, the following specific objectives of COMPILE are defined:

• Empower Local Energy Systems for the transition from a centralized system into a flexible, but secure decentralized network;


• Investigate the optimal integration and control of all the energy vectors, storage and electromobility options available for maximizing decarbonisation and energy savings;

• Foster the creation of energy communities considering positive effects on the local economy and user acceptance, assisted by a set of tools developed in the project;

• Creating new ways to stimulate the actors in the value chain to cooperate with the intention to maximize the societal benefit and to foster the adoption of new technological solutions; implementation of new approaches and their verification in different environments shall enable a large-scale replication of developed technological solutions, as well as business and organisational models.

To achieve these objectives, new technologies will be installed and integrated with existing and planned facilities, and extensive organisational measures, aiming to create, grow and mature the EnCs will be implemented in three demonstration sites (Luče, Križevci and Crevillent). In two replicant sites (Rafina and Lisbon) only a limited set of technologies and organisational approaches will be implemented.

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL ENERGY SYSTEMS

General characteristics The decrease of cost of photovoltaic panels (PV), energy storage and ICT solutions (e.g. IoT) makes the price of locally produced and consumed renewable electricity comparable to conventional sources and enables active participation of final customers in operation of energy systems. This will radically change the electricity markets, the roles of actors and their business models: the final customers become also producers and they are able to support the operation of power grids and energy market by modification of their load patterns (i.e. demand response capability). Consequently, the organisational format of grid operation and decision-making processes in grid planning and operation are changing. While the existing centralised energy systems are characterized by a small number of decision-makers, the future bottom-up approaches will delegate a central role to local authorities, communities and regional service providers. At the same time, the existing grid and energy market actors with infrastructure and know-how (that has been build up in the last decades) may still be used to efficiently reach the goals related to decarbonisation of the energy sector. A combination of both approaches may accelerate the energy transition towards a decentralised, RES-based energy production where the implementation of new solutions is supported by new opportunities offered by increased digitalisation on all levels of the energy system, from large-scale production, transmission and distribution system, to final customers with their own small-scale production.

Energy islands, i.e. relatively small energy systems with weak connections to the main grid, are faced with issues in operation of their LES which are not common in areas not characterised as energy islands. These issues relate to the operation of the local grid as well as to local production and consumption.

Grid operation The main characteristic of energy islands, especially of their LESs, is a weak connection to the external distribution grid. In this context, a weak connection means that the total rated power of connection lines or transformers is in the range of LES’s peak load and/or the connections are not redundant, i.e. they don’t comply with grid operation stability criteria in all operational states. This may lead to


reduced security of supply, aggravated voltage conditions, frequent need for curtailment of power supply or even to blackouts.

When the RES production in LES increases, the system operators may face additional challenges in providing power supply quality and grid operation security. Due to unpredictability and uncertainty of production from RES, they need to acquire increased quantities of system reserves on the market and pay an increased attention to the provision of other system services. In this respect, an active EnC with advanced technical solutions implemented on the local level can significantly assist the DSO by providing some of the needed system services. If such solutions are properly planned and managed, they can even be cheaper for the DSO than those procured from other actors. The system services provided by local sources, and implemented and evaluated in COMPILE are:

• Congestion management: local congestions which could occur in energy system due to increased local RES generation, increased consumption or outages of power system components (lines, transformers, production units) will be tackled by EnC strategies for control of local energy storage (home and community batteries), demand response of appliances (including EV charging) and emergency control of local production according to the needs of power grid;

• Peak shaving / Valley filling: the peak of the demand can be reduced by shifting/redistributing some of the consumption to off-peak periods (load diagram “valleys”) of the day. The reduction is achieved either by activation of local generation or by reduction of demand using smart demand response algorithms;

• Zero-load provision: if the LES strives for minimum dependence from the main grid, the LES operation is very similar to the islanded mode of operation (the entire consumption is covered by local generation), but still connected to the main grid;

• Power reserve provision: provision of reserve in case DSO would need additional power. Reserve could be provided by the implementation of demand response schemes (which result in a reduction of consumption on request of DSO), control of EnC local storage and forced operation of production units.

The COMPILE technical solutions planned to be deployed with the aim to support the grid operation are focused on final customers, acting as active consumers and small-scale producers. However, to enable final customers to support the grid operation, a sufficient level of grid observability shall be reached. Continuous supervision of grid operation conditions and timely and accurate detection of problems in grid operation are therefore mandatory to achieve a maximum possible contribution of final customers to increased reliability of grid operation and security of supply, and to a reduction of grid operation costs.

All implemented functionalities of the COMPILE system will be validated from the point of view of impacts on energy infrastructure. The positive impacts are expected in the following fields:

• Increased level of energy self-sufficiency will reduce the need for costly upgrades and maintenance of the centralized grid;

• New services from EnCs will be provided to regulated actors (DSO) that can unburden the centralized grids;

• Improved security of supply could also provide support to communication infrastructure improving citizen comfort and civil safety during critical events;


• The project will have a strong focus on assessing social effects. By reducing energy supply costs, also the energy poverty will be reduced.

Consumption and local production As regards the system operation, large systems rely on a statistical approach to behaviour/operation of many consumers and producers. Thus, in large systems, the peak load is lower (in relative terms, compared to average load) than in small systems, and prediction of total production and consumption is more accurate, which enables more efficient optimisation of production. In large systems, outages of production units or grid components, and unpredicted consumption patterns of (a group of) final customers have also lower impact on system operation than in small ones.

Operation of an energy island, as a type of small energy system, is very vulnerable to unpredicted events either on consumption or production side. An outage of one larger production unit or loss of consumption of one large industrial plant due to problems in the production process can significantly impact the grid operation and LES’s production/consumption optimisation. Unpredicted weather changes (insolation, wind velocity) affect the operation of usually smaller production units, but the influence is common to all units, which results in considerable loss of generated power. Similarly, the unpredicted, even small decrease of outside temperature causes a moderate increase of consumption of residential and business buildings, but is common to all of them; consequently, the impact on grid operation is considerable.

Under such conditions, careful operation planning and involvement of all available final customers’ resources in grid operation and optimisation of production is mandatory. Advanced control and optimisation tools shall be implemented on final customers’ (building) and microgrid (LES) level. These tools shall enable quality prediction, supervision and control of operation on all levels, and development of demand response schemes and their deployment at as large as a possible portfolio of controllable production and consumption devices.

ORGANISATIONAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENERGY COMMUNITIES

The COMPILE project focuses on developing and maturing Energy Communities as a tool to engage and organise citizens in order to work toward a local territory transition. The Energy Community is a tool for citizens to participate in a system-wide energy transition. The COMPILE project is looking to understand how energy communities can support energy islands by providing a forum for local citizens to take part and lead the integration of renewable production sources and the transition of their region. Energy Communities are newly defined entities in European law, but they have been existing in the European energy system for a long time. The energy cooperatives, collective action schemes, and association of consumers in the energy sector have paved the way for those citizen initiatives to develop and take a more formal role in local energy systems of Europe.

Definition of energy communities Energy Communities are at the heart of the COMPILE project. Nevertheless, there are different understandings of the term ‘energy community’. First, there are several different terms that stakeholders use to describe energy communities. At the time of writing the COMPILE proposal, the term was not specifically defined, and the EU legislation process was still underway. In the meantime,


the definitions were adopted and are presented in the COMPILE Energy Community Definitions explanatory note [1]. In the project proposal, a distinction is made between the ‘technical’ aspects (local energy system, or LES) and the ‘social and organisational’ aspect (energy communities).

The EU regulatory framework is of major relevance for the COMPILE demos, and the project promises to contribute to national policymaking in line with the EU’s Clean Energy for All Europeans legislative package. Therefore, we propose to follow the definitions established at the EU level. In relation to “energy communities”, there are two new official EU level definitions, namely: ‘Citizen Energy Community’ and ‘Renewable Energy Community’. During the process of arriving at these definitions, many stakeholders also got used to the term ‘Local Energy Community’ which was abandoned and is thus obsolete in the regulatory sense; it has been perceived as a technical concept used to describe specific activities, such as collective renewables self-consumption or micro-grids/local energy systems.

The multitude of terms, and the lack of understanding regarding the terms themselves, as well as their inter-relationships, could make communication complicated and confusing throughout our project discussions. Therefore, we would like to put forward an explanation of the various definitions that appear in European law.

The new definitions of energy community in EU legislation

The final Clean Energy Package contains two definitions of energy community: Citizen Energy Community (CEC) which is contained in the provisionally agreed recast Electricity Directive [2], and Renewable Energy Community (REC), which is contained in the recast Renewables Directive [3].

Table 1: Definitions of Citizen and Renewable Energy Community

Article 2(16) Renewable Energy Directive (REDII) – ‘Renewable Energy Community’

Article 2(11) Electricity Market Directive (EMDII) – ‘Citizen Energy Community’

A legal entity: (a) which, in accordance with the applicable

national law, is based on open and voluntary participation, is autonomous, and is effectively controlled by shareholders or members that are located in the proximity of the renewable energy projects that are owned and developed by that legal entity;

(b) the shareholders or members of which are natural persons, SMEs or local authorities, including municipalities;

(c) the primary purpose of which is to provide environmental, economic or social community benefits for its shareholders or members or for the local areas where it operates, rather than financial profits.

A legal entity that: (a) is based on voluntary and open participation

and is effectively controlled by members or shareholders that are natural persons, local authorities, including municipalities, or small enterprises;

(b) has for its primary purpose to provide environmental, economic or social community benefits to its members or shareholders or to the local areas where it operates rather than to generate financial profits; and

(c) may engage in generation, including from renewable sources, distribution, supply, consumption, aggregation, energy storage, energy efficiency services or charging services for electric vehicles or provide other energy services to its members or shareholders;

While not part of the definition, RECS are entitled to produce, consume, store and sell renewable energy, including through renewables power purchase agreements, to share renewable energy within the community, and to access all suitable markets


What are energy communities under the Clean Energy Package?

The recitals of the Electricity Directive and the Renewables Directive provide an explanation of what CECs and RECs are:

• Citizen energy communities constitute a new type of entity due to their membership structure, governance requirements and purpose (purpose being framed around the provision of services/benefits for members of the local community – as opposed to profits) [3].

• Similarly, RECs constitute a new type of entity that can be distinguished from other market players based on, inter alia, size and ownership structures [2].

Before looking at any particular activity that an energy community could carry out in the market, therefore, the Clean Energy Package distinguishes CECs and RECs as a non-commercial type of market actor. This is one of the major reasons why the Member States are required to ensure they have a level playing field, or ‘equal footing’, to operate across the market without discrimination.

The definition of CECs identifies different types of activities that CECs could engage in. This is not meant to be looked at through one particular frame, for instance as an entity that performs an integrated set of activities. Rather, it is an acknowledgment that the CEC organisational structure can be used by citizens, small businesses and local authorities to participate in activities across the energy sector. While integrated activities may be foreseen, it is not the main reason for listing the activities in the definition. Also, activities not specifically mentioned in the relevant articles are not excluded.

Regarding governance, RECs generally follow the same logic, except they have more stringent requirements and are rooted in local communities (i.e. a ‘proximity’ requirement). Activities of RECs are also technology-specific around renewable energy sources. The potential activities (production, consumption, sale, sharing and participation in all suitable markets) are not listed in the definition and instead are referenced in Article 22 of the Renewables Directive [3].

Figure 1: “Doing many things” - comparing the activities of CECs and RECs


Main issues tackled The goal of the COMPILE project is to use the concept of CECs and RECs in the energy sector to enhance the deployment, management and decarbonisation of local energy systems. Considering the exact status of the “citizen-based initiatives” supported by the project, we will call them Energy Communities (EnC) for the sake of clarity. The project focuses specifically on islanded systems, where the quality of the grid service is not optimal. In this regard, EnCs are looking to tackle three major issues:

• The EnC is a tool to support the acceptance of local renewable production and energy services: the public dialogue process and the openness of the governance tool of the EnC are allowing local citizens to truly participate in the process of development of local sources, offering a concrete benefit to the decarbonization process. This allows for engagement of the local community in partnership with the developing actor (DSO, municipality, market actor or community energy project). The EnC is support for a direct and transparent contact between the technical actors of the deployment and consumers which are the first impacted.

• The EnC can also act as a pivot to mobilize local investment capacities toward the transition project, which is offering the opportunity to the development actor to find local partners and to lower its investment costs.

• Finally, the EnC is a way for local citizens and authorities to invest and produce local economic value. In general, a locally financed renewable energy project is producing between 3 and 8 times the local economic output than a project financed by outside financing sources. In this regard, the EnC is an important tool for territory development.

The EnC, however, is facing various challenges and specificities that could be unsettling and ask for traditional energy actors to adapt. The challenges, which we will need to tackle through the COMPILE project, are:

• The democratic governance scheme and concertation process are extending the decision-making time. Therefore, the concertation time and collective alignment inside the EnC must be considered.

• The level of professionalization of community energy project is different on many levels to the one of a private developer and therefore project development needs to be tackled differently. EnCs usually bring a wealth of well informed and engaged citizens but the organisation might be mostly managed by volunteers, which requires to adapt business processes.

• The links to financing institutions and other third parties are usually more complex due to the lack of knowledge of the community actors. In general, there is a lack of understanding and its difficult for energy and financing professionals to assess citizen-based organisations.

Project goals for energy communities The COMPILE project is looking to propose solutions to the issues listed above and provide a series of integrated tools that can be used by EnCs around Europe. Therefore, the project is offering three major solutions:

• An analysis tool that will encourage and streamline the dialogue between EnC and third parties, financing institutions and municipalities. Our goal is to provide a clear view of the EnC, its assessment, and to propose a way to successfully collaborate.


• A series of tools to support the internal construction and management of an EnC, making its governance and collective action more understandable and transparent for traditional partners. These tools will also support the EnC to grow and mature in its market.

• An engagement approach that will persuade traditional energy actors and local governments to support the development of EnCs, and support scaling a citizens-based approach to decarbonization and the energy territory transition.

The approach of the COMPILE project is a unique hybrid of the deployment of a decentralised technical management system for decentralised and decarbonized energy, centred around local citizens. Therefore, the project is taking an integrated approach to the development of both technical and governance wise of an Energy Community (CEC or REC).

LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY CONTEXT The most relevant provisions of the EU’s Clean Energy for All Europeans package [4] in which the energy community definitions in the section above are laid down are those on “Renewables self-consumers” and “Renewables energy communities” as defined in the recast Renewable Energy Directive as well as “Citizen energy communities” defined in the recast Electricity Market Directive. While the general principles are outlined in the European framework and need to be transposed into national legislation, substantial room exists for national rules on, e.g., operational details. Thus, the project will be importantly impacted by national transposition of the relevant pieces of EU legislation. At the same time, COMPILE equally promises to contribute to national policy-making and to shape national transposition of EU requirements.

Specifically, national transposition will have important relevance, especially as regards:

• The right to manage the local grid: While distribution is specifically foreseen for both types of energy communities in the Clean Energy Package, it is left open and needs to be determined by the Member States whether grid management by the energy community is allowed or not. This includes the two options as either taking the role of a DSO for the public grid or to apply Article 38 [2] and act as a so-called "Closed Distribution System Operator". Exemptions from specific DSO obligations and prohibitions may apply;

• The need to become a formal electricity provider: Due to the provisions of the Clean Energy Package including peer-to-peer trading, energy sharing and other concepts, energy trading and/or supply will need to be possible also without becoming a formal electricity utility/provider. Till full transposition of the Clean Energy Package, it will depend on the Member State’s frameworks to which extent the restrictions still apply (in, e.g., Slovenia, Belgium/Wallonia, and Spain exemptions already apply);

• The legal form of initiatives: The EU framework states that an energy community can be organized in any form of entity, for example as an association, a cooperative, a partnership, a non-profit organisation or a small or medium-sized enterprise. It is required, though that the entity is entitled to exercise rights and be subject to obligations in its own name. So far, some national frameworks refer to specific legal forms which are, however, not formulated in an exclusive way;

• The options to act on the electricity market: This includes primarily national electricity-market related provisions on the specific options to market. The general activities such as electricity sale and supply are foreseen by the Clean Energy Package;


• Grid costs to be carried by energy communities (e.g. grid fee structures including local tariffs): Currently, in the context of the transposition of the Clean Energy Package into national law, grid tariffs form a major part of potential incentives for energy communities. The balance between the socialisation of system costs and incentives for the delivery of system advantages is in the focus of the discussion;

• The role of local public authorities: Member States may, as for instance in the case in Greece, attribute a specific role to public authorities which are generally foreseen as potential participants in energy communities at EU level;

• Provided support and administrative facilitation: While the facilitation of energy community development is prescribed in the Clean Energy Package, specific details will need to be determined on national levels.

Even though general guidelines are provided in the EU framework, such as non-discriminatory treatment regarding access to markets and support, national transposition will importantly determine to which extent legislation supports or hinders the EnC activities. The definition of national frameworks is still under development and will need to be observed as well as supported during the project lifetime. Besides the legislative context in the energy sectors, a wide range of other legislation, regulation and planning will impact implementation. This includes building codes, local urban planning, financing/investment-related legislation (e.g. crowdfunding), consumer and data protection, the regulation regarding technical and safety requirements, corporate laws and other.


3 PILOT SITES DESCRIPTION The COMPILE demonstration sites have been analysed in detail in advance and selected by criteria of covering different network, location, community size, and technology situations to achieve the highest replication level possible.

The main activities of COMPILE project will be performed in 5 pilot sites:

• 3 demonstration sites: Luče (Slovenia), Križevci (Croatia) and Crevillent (Spain),

• 2 replicant sites: Rafina (Greece) and Lisbon (Portugal).

Demonstration site Luče represents a case of a rural network with a weak and unstable connection to the MV grid. Demonstration site Križevci is presented by a technology park with a potential of optimization of electricity and heat production/consumption, and introduction of new co-ownership models for stimulating the investment in RES. Demonstration site Crevillent is a large energy cooperative (with more than 14.000 final customers) that aims to increase local production against the uncertain electricity market developments. Replicant sites Rafina and Lisbon present city districts as a combination of a small industry cluster, local business and households.

Implementation of individual technologies and activities in pilot sites is highly dependent on the actual situation in pilot sites:

• size of LES to be managed by COMPILE ICT tools,

• operational problems the EnCs are faced with,

• technologies already in place (or planned to be deployed during the project) that enable optimisation of production/consumption at LES level, monitoring and control of grid operation, and implementation of demand response schemes (capability of remote control of devices – consumption appliances and local production units),

• maturity of existing EnC (if any),

• short- and medium-term goals that the EnCs have defined.

The description of each individual pilot site consists of general information about the pilot site, basic data about LES (consumption, production, connections with external grid), and information about installations and actors planned to be involved in the COMPILE activities.

DEMONSTRATION SITE LUČE

General description Luče, a remote village in northern Slovenia has a relatively weak local power grid which often encounters power failures. Outages are most common during times of extreme weather events like storms and thunderstorms. The main objective of establishing an energy community in Luče is increasing the level of self-sufficiency with the improvement of the security of supply in the energy system.

Luče energy system already has a relatively high percentage of production from renewable energy sources. In the framework of the pilot project, additional renewable energy sources are planned. Additional renewable energy sources are solar power plants connected to the Elektro Celje distribution network with battery energy storage systems in individual houses and the main grid battery energy storage system to sustain grid stability. During the project, an electric vehicle charging station is also going to be installed. With the integrated energy management system, the operation


and management of the system of the energy community will be monitored and optimized to achieve economic feasibility and stability. Feasibility through minimization of the costs of the electricity of the community and further integration of the production from renewable energy sources, which would not be possible without the implementation of battery energy storage systems and efficient energy management system due to the weak stability of the power network in Luče. The additional surplus of electrical energy that cannot be stored in the system can be further marketed in the electricity market or allocated to system services of the transmission system operator.

With a comprehensive approach, the project should provide benefits for all participants in the energy community: end-users, distribution operators and the transmission system operator. The entire system will represent the first such energy community in Slovenia which will be able to cover the electricity needs only from renewable energy sources.

The aim of the project in Luče is thus to establish an EnC to increase the self-sufficiency and security of supply of the local energy system containing residential and commercial buildings with high penetration of RES. The main challenge is the weak supply connection with an MV overhead line which results in frequent power outages due to weather events, even several times per night. Due to the low capacity of the local LV network, the distributed RES generation is curtailed as the voltage during the day rises above the rated operational limits.

Figure 2: Luče village

General data about Energy Community and Local Energy System

Table 2: Demonstration site Luče – General data

ENERGY COMMUNITY DATA Number of citizens (town / LES) 400 / 20 Geographical area (km2) 1,5 Number of final customers (town / LES) 160 / 9 ENERGY AND GRID DATA Yearly consumption (MWh) 109 Yearly production (MWh) 60 Installed production capacity + planned (MW) Approx. 0,05 + 0,1 Peak production (MW) 0,046 Connections with the external grid (MVA) 0,7 Share of RES in local consumption 55%


Installations and actors involved in the pilot Technologies already in place at the start of the project:

• Solar PV: 49,5 kW, LV-grid-connected,

• Wind generation: 3,5 kW (the first one installed in Slovenia),

• Biomass woodchip heat generation: 150 kWt,

• EV charging (charging point): 10 kW,

• Mobile communication tower and central,

• In the vicinity: Several Small HPPs (4): 18-22 kW, Biomass cogeneration: 600 kWt.

Current situation – new technologies installed within the project:

• Instalment of a total of 102 kW PV panels on 9 houses,

• 5 household batteries (5 – 20 kWh),

• EV charge point: AC 22 kW,

• Smart meters installed by DSO Elektro Celje.

Figure 3: Locations of installations in EnC Luče

In the execution of COMPILE project, the following actors are planned to be involved:

• Community actors: Luče municipality, Luče residents, Biomasa (owner of some of the generation and storage facilities);

• Solution providers: Petrol (pilot leader - aggregator, supplier, commercial actor), University of Ljubljana (knowledge provider), Etrel (provider of electromobility solutions) and Elektro Celje (DSO).


DEMONSTRATION SITE KRIŽEVCI

General description Križevci is a town with a total population little above 20.000 of which around 12.000 live in the urban area. Located in central Croatia, it lies only 57 km away from the capital, Zagreb.

At the pilot site, the potential of co-optimization of electricity and heat and new co-ownership models for stimulating the investment in renewable energy will be utilized together with the establishment of an energy community. The pilot site itself is the technology park, where first Croatian citizen crowdfunded PV plant was built in 2018 through ZEZ’s crowdfunding platform. The PV system of 30 kW is used for self-consumption within the facility, which is hosting some 30 organizations ranging from IT start-ups to chemical companies. They are going to be the main investors in the PV generation and other technology that will be put in place throughout the project. A heat pump of 500 kW for heating and cooling the technology park is also already in place.

ICT businesses at the pilot site need a reliable power supply. Within COMPILE a replicable and scalable business model will be tested at the pilot site to encourage the development of small solar PV self-consumption solutions in Croatia. Self-sufficiency of the technology park will be achieved and tested through additional system components installed and smart energy management tools developed in recent EU projects. We will create new value through co-optimization of existing and new technologies (batteries, capacitor, EV charging point, heat exchanger). Furthermore, artificial intelligence and advanced forecasting tools will also be tested to improve technical performance leading to increased economic benefit and profitability of the business model, which will be the first of a kind application.

By connecting all the mentioned technologies, it will be possible to apply innovative sharing economy concepts among the companies within the technology park by blockchain. The setup aims to test innovative blockchain technologies, including peer-to-peer market, which will also be a first of a kind application.

The aim of the project is to develop additional PV production, which is in Croatia relatively low, mainly due to the lack of increase in the PV quota for the feed-in tariff scheme, while the prosumers and net metering are still not widespread notions in the country. A replicable and scalable business model will be tested to encourage the development of small solar PV self-consumption solutions in Croatia (for public buildings, small and medium enterprises, households, etc.). The main challenge is the need of the companies in the pilot site for a reliable power supply, highly relevant for economic expansion of the companies and of the city. The pilot will increase power supply reliability in the office complex and improve the energy services for companies in the technology park and for the library nearby.

Figure 4: PV plant on the roof of Technology Park Križevci



Table 3: Demonstration site Križevci – General data

ENERGY COMMUNITY DATA Number of citizens (town / LES) 12.000 / Not applicable (business buildings) Geographical area of LES (km2) 0,02 Number of final customers (LES) 1 (30 companies) ENERGY AND GRID DATA Yearly consumption (MWh) 219,4 Yearly production (MWh) 94,6 Installed production capacity + planned (MW) 0,4 + 0,05 Peak production (MW) 0,03 Connections with the external grid (MVA) Info not available Share of RES in local consumption 30%

Installations and actors involved in the pilot Technologies already in place:

• PV system for self-consumption (30 kW), crowdfunded and built in 2018;

• Heat pump, heating and cooling the technology park (500 kW);

Technologies planned to be deployed during the project:

• PV plant Library – 30 kW (crowdfunded),

• EV charging station.

Figure 5: PV plant Library (planned)

In the execution of COMPILE project, the following actors are planned to be involved:

• Community actors: the City of Križevci, Križevci Entrepreneurial Center Ltd. (The holder and investor of the Križevci Technology Development Centre and Technology Park (KPC) project is the City of Križevci), Greenpeace Croatia (for visibility and promotion of the project results)

• Solution providers: Green energy cooperative (ZEZ – project partner), University of Zagreb Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, Ducati komponenti (provider of EV charging stations and capacity batteries), and Etrel (provider of electromobility solutions).


DEMONSTRATION SITE CREVILLENT

General description The aims of the project are firstly to increase the energy independence of the city and secondly to create active users, facilitating the social and industrial activities of the cooperative and its users. This will create important new flexibilities, increasing the level of self-sufficiency in the community. The main challenges are the lack of active users to provide residential demand response (DR), lack of flexibility to balance the variable RES production, and lack of investment in small-scale PV generation.

Figure 6: The city of Crevilent


Table 4: Demonstration site Crevillent – General data

ENERGY COMMUNITY DATA Population (town / LES) 28.465 /15.200 Geographical area (km2) 103,3 Number of final customers (LES) 14.000 ENERGY AND GRID DATA Yearly consumption (MWh) 90.000 Yearly production (MWh) 26.000 Installed production capacity + planned (MW) 13,4 +3,0 Peak production (MW) 10 Connections with the external grid (MVA) 60 Share of RES in local consumption 60%

Installations and actors involved in the pilot The grid is managed by the Cooperative Crevillent, a part of Enercoop which manages 14.315 final customers (13.047 households and 1.268 companies) in low voltage network; and 30 final customers in medium voltage network (mainly industrial and service sector companies). They have installed and integrated into their grid more than 75.000 PV panels in solar plants and 2.000 modules of PV panels in solar roofs. The photovoltaic plants connected to the Cooperative Network produce a total power of 13,4 MW, of which 13 MW in the solar farm of "El Realengo". This solar farm is divided into solar plants of 100, 50 and 25 kW, which are connected to the LV Cooperative Network. The rest of the plants are located on rooftops. The entire energy production of the entity has zero emissions; the entity is working hard to get all the generated and distributed energy 100% clean (saving 35.000 tonnes of CO2 per year). The profits of the Cooperative are used to invest in the Distribution Network,


to improve its technology and to give back to society. Some of their contributions to the city are a nursing home, schools for the disabled, and a free mortuary for all the citizens of Crevillent. Moreover, Crevillent is currently participating in another H2020 project (WiseGRID) and within the scope of this project, some citizen engagement activities have been already performed. With the C-VCP, COMPILE will enhance the interrelationships among Enercoop's members.

Figure 7: Solar farm “El Realengo” (left) and solar panels on the roof (right)

In the execution of COMPILE project, the following actors are planned to be involved: Enercoop (local cooperative), Enercoop’s members and ETRA.

REPLICANT SITE RAFINA

General description The municipality of Rafina-Pikermi is a port town located near Athens. It spreads across an area of over 40.000 km2 and has a population of about 20.000.

Apart from the port, Rafina consists mostly of households and local businesses and there are no industrial establishments at the moment. The local energy systems are predominantly supplied from the main grid, yet there are small private PV installations using net metering. Consumer demand-response activity is quite low as well as their interest in cooperative energy solutions. So, as a pilot site, Rafina is at an early level it has to raise awareness between locals and provide a sustainable model for the creation of an Energy Community.

On the plus side, there is a new energy law enabling the creation of Energy Communities and providing the legal framework to work with. There are several public buildings available for RES and COMPILE tools integration. With the COMPILE project, the municipality intends to create awareness and involvement of locals in cooperative energy solutions and investigate business models that reduce energy costs and energy poverty. Also, through framework condition analysis, gap analysis and local needs it is intended to create a roadmap for becoming an Energy Community. Eventually, the goal is to form the actual Community between the municipality and the interested citizens.

The aim of the project is to stimulate and foster active involvement and awareness of the citizens to enhance self-supply in combination with the energy efficiency of the municipality and reduce its energy dependence on the main grid. This is achieved by initiating and building up an energy community and facilitating its operation. The main challenge is the fact that the local system is predominantly supplied from the main grid. Consumer demand response activity level, as well as their interest in cooperative solutions, is low.


Figure 8: Location of Rafina Pikermi Municipality


Table 5: Replicant site Rafina – General data

ENERGY COMMUNITY DATA Population (town / LES) 18.000 Geographical area (km2) 40 Number of final customers N.A. ENERGY AND GRID DATA Yearly consumption (MWh) N.A. Yearly production (MWh) N.A. Installed production capacity + planned (MW) 0,0048 + 0 Peak production (MW) N.A. Connections with the external grid (MVA) N.A. Share of RES in local consumption Close to 0%

Installations and actors involved in the pilot Rafina will serve as a replication test site where the COMPILE ICT tools will be integrated and evaluated. There are several public buildings (Town Hall, nursery and primary schools, sports facilities) and an MV/LV substation with smart metering equipment, and also several small-scale private PV plants.

Current status: 4 smart energy meters (SMX) have been installed (NobelGrid project).

In the execution of COMPILE project, the following actors are planned to be involved: Municipality of Rafina (providing its available infrastructure and public buildings), citizens, ICCS (providing the technological tools and its expertise in the energy field), and HEDNO (DSO) via a Letter of Support.

REPLICANT SITE LISBON

General description Lisbon Pilot Site is a residential quarter with 6 buildings forming a condominium with 150 apartments. It’s located in a residential area of Lisbon called “Alta de Lisboa”.


Right now, the owners of the apartment have invested in the installation of photovoltaic panels which sums up to 9 kW of installed capacity to cover their energy needs for common areas of the buildings, including the lighting, elevators and HVAC systems. They also have two private EV charging points and all 150 apartments are connected to the grid. The households’ owners want to invest collectively in the installation of more PV panels in order to share the energy among themselves and become an energy community.

By participating in Compile, Coopérnico hopes to acquire the knowledge and tools required to transform these 400 citizens divided between 150 apartments in a true energy community where they will be able to produce and consume energy among themselves and sell the surplus to the grid. Coopérnico wants to develop an energy community where it will be demonstrated that energy communities can become a reality in Portugal and that they are also an efficient way of controlling the demands of energy in the grid and a way to stabilize the energy grid.

The aim of the project is to establish a self-sufficient, 100% RES powered LES managed as a microgrid, and create an EnC with the help of COMPILE methods and tools, as well as to provide an EnC role model for Portugal. The main challenge with it is the reduction of the retail electricity costs for the consumer resulting from the strong decline of PV generation costs.

Figure 9: Lisbon Pilot Site


Table 6: Replicant site Lisbon – General data

ENERGY COMMUNITY DATA Population (town / LES) 505.526 / 350 Geographical area (km2) 4,8 Number of final customers (LES) 196 ENERGY AND GRID DATA Yearly consumption (MWh) 180 Yearly production (MWh) 27,3 Installed production capacity + planned (MW) 0,018 + 0,14 Peak production (MW) 0,014 Connections with the external grid (MVA) 0,28 Share of RES in local consumption Close to 0


Installations and actors involved in the pilot The buildings are relatively new with HVAC systems, LED lighting and efficient windows to lower energy consumptions when it comes to cooling and heating the apartments. Local energy generation will be solar. Community storage is under study. The condominium expects to become an energy community with shared self-consumption.

In the execution of COMPILE project, the following actors are planned to be involved: Coopérnico (pilot leader) and the Board of the Condominium.


4 SURVEY ABOUT CURRENT SITUATION IN PILOT SITES One of the main goals of WP2 is to define project use cases that will be implemented in the pilot sites. In the definition of use cases the following starting points are considered:

• Use cases shall reflect the problems the EnCs are faced with, either in the field of LES operation or of creation/growth of EnC itself;

• Use cases shall be realistic, i.e. their implementation shall be feasible;

• The results of implemented use cases shall be quantifiable so that they can be linked with Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that are subject of T2.5 KPI and monitoring preparation.

To identify the EnCs‘ problems they want to address through COMPILE project and to assess the feasibility of implementation and of quantification of results achieved during the project, a survey was conducted during the early project phase. The survey was based on answers to the questionnaire distributed to the leaders of individual pilot sites.

PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE The purpose of the questionnaire was specifically:

• To acquire information about the technical characteristics of pilot sites’ local energy systems,

• To acquire information about already existing forms of citizens’ engagement in energy-related activities of pilot sites,

• To identify the problems the demonstration sites are facing in the development and operation of their LESs, and in creation/maturation of their EnCs;

• To identify the expectations of pilot sites from the COMPILE project in solving these problems.

The questionnaire is composed of two main parts:

• Questions related to basic data about the pilot site,

• Questions related to LES and Energy Community.

The questionnaire is attached as Annex A: Questionnaire for pilot sites at the end of this document.

Basic data about pilot site This section of the questionnaire contains questions related to:

• Energy data: ENC’s yearly consumption and local production, number of Final Customers, peak load;

• Connections of LES with external grid: voltage level, number of lines and their capacity;

• Existing and planned local production units: number, capacity, yearly production;

• Other energy-related installations such as storage facilities, EVs and charging points, production and consumption units that could potentially be included in demand response schemes, etc.;

• Background information about Energy Community: common investments in local production units and other energy infrastructure, regulatory barriers linked to community investments;


• Stakeholders present in pilot site and their favourability to EnC’s activities and to COMPILE project;

• EnC’s activities related to raising energy awareness of citizens: already executed activities, membership of related local authority in the Covenant of Mayors, potential Transition Plan (SECAP/SEAP) adopted by the local authority, general evaluation of the maturity of EnC.

Specific questions related to LES and Energy Community In this part of the questionnaire the following issues were addressed:

• Increase of LES self-sufficiency;

• Increase of RES production;

• Improvement of LES operation;

• Reduction of costs of LES operation;

• Establishment, growth and maturation of EnC, with the following sections: Establishment of an active community of consumers to perform energy services, Mobilisation of investments for local RES production, Growing a structured community to tackle energy-related issues, and Growing a partner community to test innovative technologies.

In the last point (Establishment, growth and maturation of EnC), the terms have the following meaning:

• Active community of consumers is a group of citizens showing interest in energy/climate topics. This group made a show of their interest and has identified members but did not take significant action;

• Structured community is a citizen group with a clear purpose and action plan toward their energy system. The group has already performed actions in their local community. The group has a clear organigram and governance structure;

• Partner Community is an Energy Community that is performing energy services in its community. This organisation also showed interest in working with other actors of the energy system. The Partner Community is ready to take on the role of demonstration site for a technological project.

In the last point (Establishment, growth and maturation of EnC), for each section the answers to the following questions were required:

• Relevance of the issue for the pilot site: ranking in 4 grades from Very important to Totally unimportant;

• Current situations and plans/goals for the future;

• Obstacles that might prevent the achievement of goals: financial, technical (i.e. not enough ICT support tools), organisational (i.e. lack of skills of personnel to support activities), regulatory, political backing, poor citizens’ interest, and social countermovement (such as NIMBY);

• Expectations of pilot site leader about the treatment of the issue within COMPILE project: ranking in 3 grades (Mandatory, Nice to have and Not needed).


ANALYSIS OF ANSWERS FROM PILOT SITES Based on the answers to the questionnaire, received from pilot site leaders, an analysis was conducted with the specific objectives:

• To identify the pilot sites’ needs related to the operation of their LESs and activities of their EnCs,

• To identify what the pilot site leaders expect from the activities within the COMPILE project,

• To determine the COMPILE activities that will be conducted at individual pilot sites to satisfy their needs and expectations,

• To determine a generic COMPILE ICT system architecture that will support project activities,

• To determine the COMPILE ICT system architecture to be implemented in individual demonstration sites according to their needs.

The analysis was conducted in two phases: extraction of important information related to individual pilot sites, and analysis of summary results.

Basic data about pilot sites and their LESs (answers to questions listed in section 4.1.1) are presented in sections 3.1 to 3.5. Technical details will serve as input for T2.3 System architecture definition, and further for WP3 Modelling, control and digitalisation of LES. Summary of the information provided by pilot site leaders and related to LES and Energy Community (answers to questions listed in section 4.1.2) is presented in sections 4.2.1 to 4.2.5.

Demonstration site Luče

Table 7: Demonstration site Luče – Summary of EnC-related information

ISSUE RELEVANCE (1-4)

TO BE TREATED IN COMPILE (1-3)

MAIN GOALS OF PILOT SITE

OBSTACLES THAT PREVENT ACHIEVEMENT OF GOALS

Increase self sufficiency

Very important

(4)

Mandatory (3)

100% self-sufficiency (yearly basis) in 5 years 90% self-sufficiency (hourly basis) in 10 years

Financial: High investments Technical: Capacity of DSO grid Organisational: Lack of tech. skills Regulatory: No or lack of regulation Political: risk in the case of change in local leadership Social counter-movement: potential

Increase RES production

Very important

(4) Nice to have (2) 9 new PV (113 kW) in

the next few years

Technical: Capacity of DSO grid Regulation: Rated power of PV limited to 80% of connection power

Improve operation of LES

Very important

(4)

Mandatory (3): Congestion and

outages Nice to have (2):

other

Implementation of demand response (flexibility) scheme Implementation of large-scale storage

Technical: Local communication and control systems Regulatory: No or lack of regulation (shared responsibility of DSO and local distributor)

Reduce costs of LES

Rather unimportant

(2)

Mandatory (3): Grid development Nice to have (2):

other

Using flexibility and local storage to avoid/postpone grid investments

Financial: No existing market of services for DSO Regulatory: Lack of regulation related to services for DSO






Have an active community

Rather unimportant

(2)

Not needed (1)

Keep the citizens’ interest in energy issues Establish trust in RES and EnC

Social countermovement: potential (battery storage in the town)

Mobilize investments for RES

Rather unimportant

(2)

Nice to have (2)

9 new PV (113 kW) in the next few years

Technical: Capacity of distribution grid prevents the increase of RES penetration

Grow a structured community

Rather important

(3)

Nice to have (2)

Establish a structure to discuss energy issues in an organised way (not individually)

Poor citizens’ interest: reluctancy to new concepts

Grow a community to test new technologies

Rather important

(3)

Nice to have (2)

Present the town as solution for remote regions

Highlights from provided answers to the questionnaire:

• Small LES,

• Want to substantially increase self-sufficiency & RES production,

• Problems with security of supply and with congestions (frequent outages, curtailment of RES production, voltage problems) prevent further RES penetration,

• EnC creation and growth not in foreground,

• Main obstacles: financial, regulatory, technical (local grid & control),

• Expectations from the project: integration of production & consumption, control of flexible demand, implementation of models for remuneration for energy services.

Demonstration site Križevci

Table 8: Demonstration site Križevci – Summary of EnC-related information






Rather important

(3)

Mandatory (3) 100% by 2030

Organisational: Lack of capacities in city administration Regulatory: No or lack of regulation


Very important

(4)

Mandatory (3)

100% of local consumption by 2030

Financial: lack of funds Technical: to install storage to cover demand during the night Organisational: Lack of competent people Regulatory: National regulatory bodies oppose the increase of RES







Rather unimportant

(2)

Nice to have (2): Outages & Energy

balancing Not needed (1):

other

Increase the reliability of power supply

Reduce costs of LES

Totally unimportant

(1) Not needed (1)


Very important

(4)

Mandatory (3)

Formation of a legal entity to develop RES projects and communicate with stakeholders

Technical: lack of technical knowledge


Rather important

(3) Nice to have (2)

Securing investments for RES

Regulatory: No regulation for crowdfunding


Rather important

(3)

Nice to have (2)

Technical: lack of technical knowledge Regulatory: Energy communities / cooperatives not yet regulated


Rather important

(3)

Nice to have (2)

Technical: not enough technical knowledge, lack of ICT tools Organisational: lack of knowledge/ experience to provide proper support


• Small LES,

• Want to substantially increase self-sufficiency & RES production, and centralise micro-grid operation,

• Operation and optimisation of LES not in the foreground,

• New financing models are already being tested,

• Want to create a legal entity to develop RES projects and communicate with stakeholders,

• Moderate interest for other community activities (mobilisation of investments, structured community, testing new technologies),

• Main obstacles: technical (grid, technical knowledge), financial, regulatory (regulation for crowd-investing and EnC).


Demonstration site Crevillent

Table 9: Demonstration site Crevillent – Summary of EnC-related information

ISSUE RELEVANCE (1-4) TO BE TREATED IN COMPILE (1-3)




Rather important (3)

Nice to have (2)

To increase self sufficiency

Financial: Installation costs Technical: Capacity of distr. grid Regulatory: No or lack of regulation


Rather important (3) Nice to have (2) In 5 years, 3 MW

new RES

Financial: Installation costs Technical: Capacity of distr. grid Regulatory: No or lack of regulation


Very important (4)

Mandatory (3)

Improve network control

Remuneration for local investments not regulated Study of the network to be done No or lack of regulation

Reduce costs of LES


Nice to have (2)

Financial: No remuneration for some local distributor’s activities Technical: Technical study required



Nice to have (2)

Motivate for participation in EnC


Very important (4)

Nice to have (2)

Making citizens important in power distribution

Financial: Financial support needed Regulatory: New regulation for promotion of self-consumption needed


Rather unimportant (2)

Nice to have (2) Poor citizens’ interest


Rather unimportant (2)

Nice to have (2) Poor citizens’ interest


• Large LES with 13 MW PV power plant and local distribution and energy supply company (14000 final customers on LV, 30 on MV),

• Profits of existing cooperative are distributed to distribution grid & social support (nursery, schools, …),

• Want to increase self-sufficiency & RES production,

• Want to improve the operation of LES,

• Want to mobilize citizens for participation in power distribution issues and in investments in RES & self-consumption,

• Moderate interest in other community activities (structured community, new technologies),

• Main obstacles: technical (grid), financial, regulation on local distribution and self-consumption).


Replicant site Rafina

Table 10: Replicant site Rafina – Summary of EnC-related information






Rather unimportant

(2)

Not needed (1)

To increase self-sufficiency

Financial: General situation doesn’t allow citizens’ investments Poor citizens’ interest NIMBY: increased attitude


Very important

(4) Nice to have (2) To increase RES

production

Financial: General situation doesn’t allow citizens’ investments Poor citizens’ interest NIMBY: increased attitude


/ / / /

Reduce costs of LES / / / /


Very important

(4)

Nice to have (2)

Create a roadmap for EnC creation, form the community

Financial: low funding potential Regulatory: new energy law with no guidelines (detailed regulations) NIMBY: increased attitude


Rather important

(3)

Nice to have (2)

Initiate citizens’ engagement Attract private funds

Financial: Low funding potential Poor citizens’ interest


/ / / /


Rather important

(3)

Nice to have (2)

Form EnC and grow the community

/

* “/” not applicable


• Large LES (42 km2, 20.000 residents),

• Low share of RES production; want to increase RES production and use value analysis and business model tools to reduce energy costs and energy poverty,

• Not interested in grid issues (operation, costs),

• Want to create EnC and initiate/strengthen citizens’ engagement (currently a low interest of citizens for cooperative),

• Main obstacles: financial, regulatory, poor citizen’s interest (incl. increased NIMBY).


Replicant site Lisbon

Table 11: Replicant site Lisbon – Summary of EnC-related information






Very important

(4)

Mandatory (3)

30% in 5 years; 50% in 10 years

Technical: Lack of equipment Regulatory: No regulation for collective self-consumption


Very important

(4)

Mandatory (3)

80% in 5 years

Technical: Lack of technical tools Organisational: no business model Regulatory: No regulation for collective self-consumption


Rather unimportant

(2)

Not needed (1) / /

Reduce costs of LES

Very important

(4)

Mandatory (3): connections, optimisation;

Nice to have (2): grid development &

operation

Install additional PVs and reduce costs

Organisational: no applicable and fair business model


Very important

(4)

Mandatory (3)

Fully develop local EnC Regulatory: no regulation for EnC


Very important

(4)

Nice to have (2) / Financial: no business model that involves

citizens


Very important

(4)

Mandatory (3)

Create more energy efficient and self-sufficient community

Financial: differences among citizens related to own investments Regulatory: no regulations


Very important

(4)

Mandatory (3)

Become a service provider for the community

/

* “/” not applicable


• Small LES; existing sustainable development cooperative (1169 members, 646 energy contracts),

• The low share of RES production; want to substantially increase RES production and self-sufficiency, and promote energy efficiency and self-consumption,

• Want to reduce costs of LES and fully develop EnC (all activities),

• Main obstacles: technical (lack of equipment, knowledge), financial (no appropriate business models), regulatory.


SUMMARY OF RESULTS Information acquired from pilot sites shows that individual pilot sites have very different characteristics as regards:

• Size of LES: geographical area, number of final customers, consumption and production;

• Operational conditions in LES: self-sufficiency level, problems in operation, obstacles that hinder the improvement of the operation of LES;

• number of members of EnC (present and anticipated);

• The maturity level of EnCs;

• Obstacles related to the creation or growth of EnCs and to the enhancement of their activities;

• Expectations of pilot site leaders about the treatment of technical (related to LES operation) and organisational (related to EnC creation and growth) issues within COMPILE project.

Relevance for pilot sites and expectations from COMPILE project Table 11 presents the relevance of individual technical and organisational issues for individual pilot sites and the requirements of pilot sites related to the treatment of these issues by the COMPILE project. Individual numbers and terms in the table have the following meaning:

• Relevance: numerical evaluation of importance of the issue for pilot site (1 = Totally unimportant, 2 = Rather unimportant, 3 = Rather important, 4 = Very important, Empty field = not applicable);

• COMPILE: requirement related to the treatment of the issue within COMPILE project (1 = Not needed, 2 = Nice to have, 3 = Mandatory, Empty field = not applicable);

• Abbreviations of pilot sites: LUC = Demonstration site Luče, KRI = Demonstration site Križevci, CRE = Demonstration site Crevillent, RAF = Replicant site Rafina, LIS = Replicant site Lisbon.

Table 12: Pilot sites summary results (Relevance of issues, expected treatment within COMPILE)

TECHNICAL OR ORGANISATIONAL ISSUE LUC KRI CRE AVERAGE DEMO SITES RAF LIS

Increase self sufficiency Relevance 4 3 3 Rather important 2 4 COMPILE 3 3 2 Mandatory 1 3

Increase RES production Relevance 4 4 3 Very important 4 4 COMPILE 2 3 2 Nice to have 2 3


Congestions Relevance 4 2 4 Rather important 2 COMPILE 3 1 3 Nice to have 1

Outages Relevance 4 2 4 Rather important 2 COMPILE 3 2 3 Mandatory 1

Voltage Relevance 4 2 4 Rather important 2 COMPILE 2 1 3 Nice to have 1

Energy balancing Relevance 4 2 4 Rather important 2 COMPILE 2 2 3 Nice to have 1

Reduce costs of LES

Grid development

Relevance 2 1 3 Rather unimportant 4 COMPILE 3 1 2 Nice to have 2

Grid operation Relevance 2 1 3 Rather unimportant 4 COMPILE 2 1 2 Nice to have 2 Relevance 2 1 3 Rather unimportant 4


TECHNICAL OR ORGANISATIONAL ISSUE LUC KRI CRE AVERAGE DEMO SITES RAF LIS

Connections with external grid COMPILE 2 1 2 Nice to have 3

Optimisation of local production

Relevance 2 1 3 Rather unimportant 4 COMPILE 2 1 2 Nice to have 3

Have an active community to perform energy services

Relevance 2 4 3 Rather important 4 4 COMPILE 1 3 2 Nice to have 2 3

Mobilize investments for RES Relevance 2 3 4 Rather important 3 4 COMPILE 2 2 2 Nice to have 2 2

Grow a structured community Relevance 3 3 2 Rather important 4 COMPILE 2 2 2 Nice to have 3


Relevance 3 3 2 Rather important 3 4 COMPILE 2 2 2 Nice to have 2 3

The colour of individual fields represents a combined result of the evaluation of relevance for the pilot site and its requirement that the issue is tackled by COMPILE project:

• Red fields: Relevance = Very important (4) or COMPILE = Mandatory (3);

• Yellow fields: Relevance = Rather important (3) and COMPILE = Nice to have (2);

• Not highlighted fields: Relevance = Rather unimportant (2) or Totally unimportant (1).

Yellow and red highlighted issues shall be treated by COMPILE where the red highlighted ones will be in the focus of activities to be executed at individual sites. As agreed at the project level, technology solutions providers (UL, ETRA, ICCS, PETR, and ETRL) may propose, with the consent of demonstration sites leaders, also other items to be implemented in any pilot site.

As evident from the table, the demonstration and replication sites intentions are focused to increase the self-sufficiency level by increased RES production. In demonstration sites Luče and Crevillent improvement of LES operation are also of major importance while the reduction of costs of LES operation is not in the foreground (i.e. only partially in Luče and Križevci). Organisational (i.e. Energy Community-related) issues are important for all pilot sites.

In general, the individual pilot sites have different expectations from COMPILE project, and they face different problems in the operation of their LESs. Technical and organisational issues presented in Table 11 will be tackled by the implementation of COMPILE technical solutions and organisational measures, based on Use Cases defined in Chapter 6 and described in Chapter 11 (Annex B). In the implementation of Use Cases at different pilot sites (which Uses Cases will be implemented, in which way) the relevance of individual issues for pilot sites will be considered as well as obstacles, communicated by pilot site leaders, that prevent the achievement of pilot sites’ goals.

Main obstacles The table below contains the presentation of obstacles stated by individual sites that might prevent the achievement of goals of individual pilot sites. In the table the symbol “” means low or potential obstacle while the symbol “” means high or moderate obstacle. Empty cells mean that the obstacle is not considered as an obstacle to achieving the pilot site goals.


Table 13: Obstacles that prevent the pilot sites to achieve their goals

OBSTACLES LUČE KRIŽEVCI CREVILLENT RAFINA LISBON


Financial Technical Organisational Regulatory Poor citizen interest Social countermovement





Reduce costs of LES










As evident, the major obstacles are detected at issues which are also in the focus of pilot sites’ activities and goals. The most important obstacles are:


• Financial: low investment potential, no markets (remuneration) for provision of services to grid operators, no business models;

• Technical: grid issues, lack of equipment and ICT tools;

• Organisational: lack of knowledge and technical skills;

• Regulatory (lack of regulations on all fields): energy communities & cooperatives, crowdfunding, self-production, grid operation by local DSOs.

Political backing, poor citizens’ interest and social counter-movements were not reported as obstacles that could significantly hinder the pilot sites’ activities and endanger the achievement of their goals.

The relevance for pilot sites and expectations from COMPILE project (see section 4.3.1) linked to each issue will serve as information to determine which Use Cases will be implemented in individual pilot sites; in addition, the detected obstacles and their level (None, Low or Potential, High or Moderate) linked to these issues will serve as a guidance for COMPILE project partners to decide where to put emphasis on implementation of Use Cases.


5 COMPILE ICT TOOLS In the project, a COMPILE toolset consisting of 6 ICT tools will be implemented to support the project partners in achieving the project’s High Level Objectives. The core of the ICT tools has been already developed either within past EU projects or as commercial products. The tools will be enhanced with additional features which are needed in the frame of COMPILE project’s scope and objectives, and will enable, where applicable, interoperability between them.

The tools are classified into two groups:

• Energy Community creation tools: COOLkit (EnC Toolkit) and ValueTool (Business Model and Value Analysis tool);

• Technical tools: GridRule (EnC Cockpit), HomeRule (Building Energy Management System), EVRule (Electric Vehicle Charging Management platform) and ComPilot (Virtual Community platform).

In sections 5.1 to 5.6 the main information about individual tools are described. Detailed descriptions are provided in D2.2 System architecture.

COOLKIT The COMPILE Energy Community Toolkit (COOLkit), developed by RESC, is an analysis dashboard and repository destined to support the EnC leaders to understand and build their EnC. The goal of the COOLkit is to recognize and promote the creation, growth and maturation of citizen-led initiatives, and to support them to create a local dialogue between all the actors of the energy system (technical, business and social). COOLkit needs to be adapted to various national legislative environments and citizens projects; as such, COOLkit is not related to the deployment of a specific technology or legal entity.

The COOLkit is composed of several reports that can be used to support EnC leaders:

• Best Practice Guide: the goal of this guide is to bring together successful examples of EnCs around Europe and to inspire leaders with these best practices. The goal is also to put forward organizational and governance models successfully implemented in other environments;

• Financing Guide: is a report which explores the various financing schemes available to EnCs. This report is made of examples from around the EU of successful financing schemes including both private and public funds as well as Public Private Partnerships;

• Stakeholder Engagement Guide: is a report bringing together techniques (with real-life examples) to engage the local citizens in a community;

• Maturity Framework: describes a methodology to assess the readiness level of a community to auto-organize in order to take a role in their local energy system. It also contains a tool to analyse EnCs, organize them and provide the correct support for their further development;

• Legislative Review: The legal review supports the EnCs to assess the regulatory framework necessary to deploy the EnC with a maximum effectiveness. It will also trace back some regulatory barriers which the pilot sites are faced with;

• Technical Tools Implementation Guide: is a guide to deploy and use the project ICT tools. The report describes the features of individual tools and benefits that the tools can offer to EnCs;


• Stakeholder Guide: is a guide for municipalities, DSOs and commercial actors to understand the benefits, structures and forms of EnCs in their field of action. The goal of this guide is to provide business models and SWOT analysis in order to support those external actors in formalisation of their contractual and business relationships with citizen groups.

The main end users of COOLkit are EnC leaders, municipalities, and grid and energy market actors.

VALUETOOL The ValueTool was developed by UL and ICCS and serves as a decision support tool for EnCs and their members in the process of deployment of new production facilities or energy-related services. The tool assesses the benefits and potential risks related to planned investments and calculates economic and energy savings (return of investment) and environmental benefits derived from new installations.

Functionalities of the tool are divided into two groups:

• Business Model: Here, the DSO, financing and other parameters come into play. The potential investor in new plants or services is informed about the financing models, costs and benefits of the planned installation;

• Value Analysis: provides the analysis of potential investor's physical input like the energy consumption data and structure of major appliances in the investor’s internal network, and physical data about the building (e.g. orientation and inclination of the roof in the case of a PV installation). The user of the tool is provided with the information about optimum technology and characteristics (e.g. rated power) of planned installations.

Within the COMPILE project, the ValueTool will be enhanced with a repository of information on real use cases implemented in EnCs of the COMPILE project.

GRIDRULE The GridRule is a tool for the management of LES’s (micro) grid. Two different versions of GridRule will be implemented in COMPILE pilot sites: the solution from ETRA (implemented in Crevillent and Križevci) and from Petrol (implemented in Luče and Rafina).

GridRule (ETRA) ETRA’s GridRule is a technological solution for DSOs and microgrid operators that allows them to control, manage and monitor the grid, improving the flexibility, stability and security of the network. The solution is based on WG Cockpit product from project H2020-WISEGRID. In the framework of COMPILE, the product will be adapted to enhance its functionalities towards the development and management of the EnC.

The main objective of ETRA’s GridRule is to enable grid operators to manage the challenges faced by the distribution grid, including high penetration of distributed renewable energy resources and other significant loads such as those coming from electric vehicles. The integration of new technologies (e.g. unbundled smart meters, IoT capabilities) and algorithms (e.g. state estimation, power flow) will provide benefits in the everyday operative of the grid.

Some of the features of ETRA’s GridRule include:


• Asset portfolio management (including smart meters, distributed RES, grid-support storage, etc.) with enhanced functionalities, such as real-time monitoring of the status of assets, maintenance management and dynamic identification and retrieval of basic information about assets such as location and connection to MV/LV lines;

• Grid metering used for real-time monitoring, alert generation and management, and load flow calculation with state estimation;

• Grid control to support decision-making in the case of detected problems in grid operation: trigger actions on assets under direct control of DSO or LESO (reconfiguration), integration of ancillary services market, which allows third parties to provide support upon congestion or voltage problems;

• Grid planning: simulation of “what-if” scenarios in order to evaluate the impact of high penetration ratios of RES and EVs to the distribution grid.

GridRule (Petrol) PETROL’s GridRule is a microgrid control tool to be deployed and tested in Luče. It is based on Petrol’s commercial solution and will be integrated with other COMPILE tools in order to expand its capabilities.

GridRule’s main functionalities include:

• High-class TANGO architecture for data collection, processing, and visualisation;

• Full lifecycle API management capabilities adopting cloud-native development and deployment practices through Tibco Mashery API Management;

• Machine learning capabilities (fast data exploration, model development and training, scalable data science operations);

• Energy consumption and production forecasting;

• A Micro Grid Controller for grid operation and battery energy system management based on the desired mode of operation (self-sufficiency & island mode operation, voltage control, reactive power compensation, frequency control, compensation of higher harmonic components, peak load shaving, manual frequency restoration, control feeder switches to switch into islanded mode).

HOMERULE HomeRule is a Home Energy Management System for control and optimisation of energy consumption and production in residential and business buildings. Two different versions of HomeRule will be implemented in COMPILE pilot sites: the solution from ETRA (implemented in Crevillent and Križevci) and from Petrol (implemented in Luče and Rafina).

HomeRule (ETRA) ETRA’s HomeRule is the technological solution for energy supply companies, facility managers, municipalities, and any other administrator of a set of buildings and premises. The tool provides advanced energy-related information (e.g. performance, emissions, cost) to support the administrator in the achievement of efficient management of the facilities.


The existing HomeRule’s functionalities will be enhanced in COMPILE to support the members of the EnC in charge of facilities, whose contribution can substantially impact the community’s performance. Some functionalities of the tool are:

• Local monitoring and control of building assets, including demand, production, controllable loads, and storage;

• Smart analysis of data for decision support: analysis of energy usage patterns, energy usage KPIs, energy cost (economic and environmental), tariff comparison, etc.;

• Local optimization: increasing self-consumption, peak-shaving, time-of-use optimization, etc.;

• Integration of calendar-based data for asset usage awareness and command scheduling;

• Energy consumption and production forecasting;

• Flexibility calculation and demand response capabilities.

HomeRule (Petrol) PETROL’s HomeRule is based in commercial Home Energy Management System (HEMS).

The main functionalities of PETROL’s HomeRule are:

• High-class TANGO architecture for data collection, processing, and visualisation;

• Monitoring of different assets from the buildings: smart meters, PVs, storage, etc.;

• Advanced data analysis and visualization;

• PV production control based on voltage;

• Control of building’s input/output power based on grid voltage;

• Local optimization: increasing self-consumption, energy cost minimization, time-of-use optimization, etc.;

• Machine learning capabilities (fast data exploration, model development and training, scalable data science operations.

The tool will be integrated into COMPILE’s ecosystem. It will be upgraded with features to enable the provision of information for other COMPILE tools and interact with them in the processes of grid control (e.g. in the case of congestions) and consumption/production optimisation.

EVRULE EVRule, developed by Etrel, is a tool used for monitoring and control of the operation of EV charging infrastructure and to manage business processes related to EV charging.

The main functionalities relevant for the project include:

• Management of EV users’ database which comprises EV users’ IDs, types of contract and payment, the validity of users’ contract (needed for authorisation of charging);

• Asset management with the charging stations’ information on locations, technical characteristics (types of connectors, maximum charging power) and enabled identification types (RFID, PIN …);


• Acquisition of information from charging stations (and via charging station also from the connected EVs): EV user ID needed for charging authorisation and billing purposes, technical characteristics of EV charger (maximum charging power), the actual duration of charging and energy delivered to EV batteries;

• Acquisition of information from EV users: EV user ID, anticipated departure time (when the EV user intends to leave the charging station), mode of payment for the charging session;

• Charging load control: calculation of load schedules for individual charging sessions, sending load control signals to charging stations, acquisition of information from other actors (e.g. grid operators, local grid energy management system, building/home energy management system) for the incorporation of charging into demand response schemes.

The tool will be enhanced in COMPILE with algorithms for prediction of EV user behaviour, and with communication modules for interaction with other COMPILE tools.

COMPILOT ComPilot is ETRA’s technological solution for EnC management, targeted to Aggregators of Final Customers, with functionalities to support them in different roles (energy retailers, local communities, cooperatives, etc.).

The main goal of the solution is helping FCs in the EnC to work together in order to increase their renewable energy consumption, reduce their consumption, improve their energy efficiency, and achieve better energy deals. The existing tool will be improved to prioritize the objectives of EnCs in COMPILE project.

Among the main functionalities of the tool, it can be highlighted:

• Member profiling and clustering based on their energy use;

• Demand and production forecasting;

• Net-metering support to foster the investment in renewable energy sources;

• Tariff comparison to reduce the energy bills of the members of the EnC;

• Implicit price-based demand response for behaviour modification;

• Performance information of individual members and groups to raise awareness on efficient energy usage and environmental care.


6 DETERMINATION AND DESCRIPTION OF USE CASES

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH The methodology based on Use Cases is a common approach for the determination of technical and operational specifications of ICT systems from system engineering and SW point of view. Specifically, the UC describes actions or event steps (typically defining how a user uses a system), which are the interactions between the user and the ICT system components, and how the (ICT) system processes the available information – all with the intention to achieve a user’s particular goal.

In the COMPILE project, the users are represented by EnCs that are active in pilot sites. Their general goals and requirements are described in Chapter 4 of this document, while Chapter 5 gives information about available ICT tools that will support the EnCs to achieve these goals. In addition, a set of project High-Level Objectives (HLO) is defined in section 1.1.3 of the DoA, which shall be achieved by the implementation of concrete actions, procedures and ICT tools in individual pilot sites. Considering these facts, the project HLOs will serve as a starting point in the process of determination of project UCs, while the users’ (EnCs’) requirements and goals will be considered in the definition of the list of UCs.

The project HLOs describe the general goals to be achieved by the project; as such, they cannot be directly translated into individual concrete actions which would be further described in the form of UCs; therefore, a hierarchical UC structure is introduced, which consists of three levels: High Level Objectives, Primary Use Cases (1UC) and Secondary Use Cases (2UC). This structure is not strictly hierarchical: each Primary UC can be involved in several HLOs, and each Secondary UC can be involved in several Primary UCs.

The 1UCs are based on the project HLOs but do not directly conform to HLOs’ structure. Several 1UCs (not only 4, each of them conforming to one HLO) are defined, and any of them may contain elements of several HLOs. However, the precondition is that each 1UC reflects the elements of at least one HLO, and that each HLO is covered by at least one 1UC.

The scope of 2UCs covers all technical development and organisational measures (functionality level) to achieve the goals of 1UCs. The 2UCs are grouped in different categories (and sub-categories where applicable) of technical and organisational nature. In order to fully exploit the COMPILE ICT tools in achievement of project goals, the structure (categorisation) of 2UCs conforms as far as possible to functionalities of COMPILE ICT tools and their modules.

HIGH LEVEL OBJECTIVES AND PRIMARY USE CASES

High Level Objectives The project High level objectives (HLO) are described in the DoA:

• HLO1 Building up EnC: represents the core of the COMPILE project. The majority of project activities is focused on the creation of new economically attractive opportunities for decarbonising local energy systems and thus improving local air quality, local economy and the acceptance by citizens. Building up the EnC with COMPILE tools helps to overcome the technological and financial challenge of integrating RES into the electricity network. Therefore, the GridRule, HomeRule and EVRule support energy optimisation of LES to enable safe and secure integration of significant shares of renewables. Building up of EnC is also supported by the ValueTool to help the initial sizing and selection of the best combination of technologies, and in a later phase by ComPilot tool to manage the EnC;


• HLO2 Enhancing cooperation in EnC: Engaging the final customers or members of EnC to become more active and cooperative is one of the key challenges in the current situation. The COMPILE will address this with various dissemination/communication and reach-out activities with the goal to increase RES production and raise the awareness of EnC members. In this process, the ComPilot tool will leverage the activities related to the activation of final customers. The goal of this HLO is also to raise the acceptance of new technologies by citizens, show new economically interesting options to boost local energy sources and increase the implementation and use of demand response schemes;

• HLO3 Increase share of RES in the EU smart grid: COMPILE will also focus on development and demonstration of solutions which analyse and combine different energy vectors to support EnC in its goals related to self-consumption, more integrated RES, and increased the security of supply in weakly connected networks. An additional challenge for power grids, especially in already weak networks, is the overall trend in the mobility sector which is turning to electromobility. Therefore, new approaches for inclusion of smart charging are needed, with consideration of possibilities offered by batteries and intelligent charging algorithms. Optimization of different energy vectors will be done with the integration of COMPILE tools GridRule, HomeRule and EVRule;

• HLO4 Increasing replicability and scalability: COMPILEs ambition is to develop and test the projects results in various environments to prove their scalability and replicability across the whole EU and internationally, thus increasing the number and the quality of “green” energy islands. COMPILE pilot sites have been chosen to reflect different settings and test the robustness/flexibility of approaches to various conditions, social and technical. With this broad variety of pilot sites, COMPILE solutions and innovative approaches can result in attractive business cases for both districts and remote areas, including outermost regions, with a high replication potential.

The HLOs will be reached by technical and organisational measures where both types of measures are involved in all HLOs:

• HLO1: technical and organisational;

• HLO2: mostly organisational with some technical issues (demand response, production/consumption optimisation);

• HLO3: mostly technical with some organisational issues (common financing, coordinated planning and deployment);

• HLO4: organisational and technical. Replicability will be proven by implementation of COMPILE ICT tools and organisational measures in different pilots; scalability will be assured by the design of COMPILE ICT tools.

Some specific goals that derive from individual HLOs (and will serve as a basis for determination of the list of 1UCs and 2UCs) are present in several HLOs, for example EnC-related organisational goals are present in HLO1 and HLO2, and technical goals (such as increase of self-consumption and RES integration, with a link to security of supply) are present in HLO1 and HLO3. The interdependencies between individual HLOs and 1UCs are presented in section 6.2.2.

Primary Use Cases Based on HLOs, 7 Primary UCs were defined:

• 1UC-1 Increase LES self-sufficiency,


• 1UC-2 Improve operation of LES (grid - technical issues) ,

• 1UC-3 Reduce costs of LES operation,

• 1UC-4 Establish and grow the energy community,

• 1UC-5 Provide financial sources for LES investments (RES, grid),

• 1UC-6 Enhance relationships with system actors,

• 1UC-7 Replicate innovative EnC procedures in diverse scenarios.

The 1UCs can be classified into 3 main groups:

• Technical UCs (1UC-1, 1UC-2 and 1UC-3): relate to operation of LES in the field of local energy production and consumption and of grid operation. Both fields have two common goals: increase of quality of operation and reduction of operation costs;

• Organisational UCs (1UC-4, 1UC-5 and 1UC-6): relate to establishment, growth and maturation of EnCs with the goal to increase the scope of EnC activities;

• Replication UC: (1UC-7): deals with measures to be taken to raise the replication potential of COMPILE ICT solutions and organisational measures implemented in demonstration sites.

The 1UCs are not “operational”, i.e. it is not intended to implement them directly at COMPILE pilot sites. They only serve as an intermediate step in translation of HLOs into “operational” 2UCs, which will be implemented in individual pilot sites and whose results will be monitored and evaluated by means of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

As 1UCs are complex and will not be directly implemented in pilot sites, they will not be presented in a standardised way for UC description (describing preconditions, triggering events, steps, postconditions etc.). Therefore, the description of 1UCs contains only basic information, such as goals, involved actors and interdependencies between 1UCs and HLOs (i.e. involvement of 1UCs in achievement of HLOs).

1UC-1 Increase self-sufficiency: the self-sufficiency of a LES is a ratio between the energy produced and consumed in the LES. The level of self-sufficiency can be increased by reduction of energy consumption and/or by increase of locally produced energy (preferably by deployment of RES). Both measures are within the scope of 1UC-1. Reduction of energy consumption shall consider that the applied measures do not lead to deterioration of citizen comfort in their working or home environments, and that the business processes (above all the industrial ones) are executed, in spite of reduced energy consumption, without major disturbances or unjustified additional costs. Measures related to deployment of new production units comprehend the planning phase (selection of suitable technologies, locations and technical characteristics of planned facilities) as well as deployment activities (acquisition of necessary construction and environmental permits, selection of contractors, erection, acquisition of operation permits). The main actors involved in 1UC-1 are Final Customers, EnC, LES Operator, DSO (technical conditions for operation of new production units), and local and national authorities (local urban plans, construction and operation permits).

1UC-2 Improve operation of LES (grid – technical issues): energy islands, weakly connected with the main grid, are faced with specific grid operational conditions that can lead to frequent violations of rated voltage limits, congestions at connections with the main grid or in the LES’s grid, curtailment of local production or consumption, and even blackouts. For this reason, enhanced planning of local grid operation is inevitable, which requires implementation of systems for grid supervision and for


automated control of operation of grid components (lines, substations, production units). In the case of severe problems in grid operation, also reinforcements of local grid are necessary to assure a stable and secure local grid operation and allow for deployment of new local production units. Measures related to supervision and control of local grid, and to investments in reinforcement of the grid comprehend the planning phase (detection of problems, selection of suitable technologies and measures) as well as deployment activities (acquisition of necessary construction and environmental permits, selection of contractors, erection, acquisition of operation permits). The main actors involved in 2UC-1 are DSO, EnC, LES Operator (provides short term predictions of production and consumption, and long-term development plans of local production), and local and national authorities (local urban plans, construction and operation permits).

1UC-3 Reduce costs of LES operation: the majority of costs of LES operation are represented by costs of energy and costs of grid operation. Energy costs can be reduced by optimisation of production and consumption, which can be performed on two levels of LES: on the level of final customer (i.e. prosumer, which consumes and produces energy) and on the level of the entire LES. The results of optimisation at prosumer level represent an input for optimisation at LES (microgrid) level, where additional benefits can be achieved for the entire LES (i.e. for the EnC) and for individual final customers. Reduction of costs of grid operation are achieved by provision of additional services offered by final customers to the (local or external) DSO, usually in the form of demand response capability of final customers’ generation, storage and consumption appliances. The main actors involved in 1UC-3 are final customers, LES Operator and DSO.

1UC-4 Establish and grow the Energy Community: this UC contains a broad variety of measures, all of which require a certain level of citizen participation. To attract citizens to join the EnC, their awareness about energy issues shall be raised and the benefits arising from participation in EnC shall be clearly explained to them. When the citizen participation is reached, the goals of the EnC, and its legal organisational form, governance structure and activity roadmap shall be agreed among the EnC members. Growing and maturation of an EnC is an ongoing process: the goal of these processes is to increase the number of EnC members and to structure the EnC into an organisation, capable of taking an active and legal role in the local energy system. The main actors involved in 1UC-4 are the Energy Community and its members; in its activities, the EnC actively cooperates mainly with Local Authority, LES Operator, DSO and Energy Suppliers.

1UC-5 Provide financial sources for LES investments (RES, grid): provision of financial sources is a key element that can either hinder or support the EnC activities and planned investments. In this process the EnCs shall be supported by repositories of documents describing best practices, possible financing options and country-specific legislation, and by appropriate ICT tools for evaluation of investment amounts and selection of optimum financing models adapted to individual activity. The main actors involved in 1UC-5 are EnC and its members.

1UC-6 Enhance relationship with system actors: the success of EnC activities is highly dependent on relationships with actors that are active on EnC area (LES). The most important actors that can influence the EnC activities are the grid and energy market actors and local authorities. The goal of this UC is to support the EnC in presentation of its plans, possible fields of cooperation and benefits that this cooperation can bring to all involved parties. The main involved actors in 1UC-6 are EnC, DSO, Energy Supplier and Local Authorities.

1UC-7 Replicate innovative EnC procedures in diverse scenarios: the goal of this UC is to test in different environments (small- and large-scale scenarios, developed and emerging economies) the replicability and scalability of developed approaches and technical solutions implemented in demonstration sites. Guidelines and recommendations will be elaborated in order to provide support to potential new EnCs or to existing ones which intend to enhance their activities. In replication of EnC


procedures all actors, active on the EnC territory, can be involved; the actual involvement depends on the goals of EnC that is subject of replication of EnC procedures.

Involvement of 1UCs in achievement of individual HLOs is presented in Table 13:

Table 14: Relationship between High Level Objectives and Primary Use Cases

HIGH LEVEL OBJECTIVES Involved Primary Use Cases

Code Name HLO1 Building up EnC 1UC-4, 1UC-5, 1UC-6 HLO2 Enhancing cooperation in EnC 1UC-4, 1UC-6 HLO3 Increase share of RES in the EU smart grid 1UC-1, 1UC-2, 1UC-3, 1UC-4, 1UC-5 HLO4 Increasing replicability and scalability all 1UCs

ACTORS INVOLVED IN USE CASES In the previous section, several actors involved in the implementation of individual Primary Use Cases were mentioned. In the actual implementation of COMPILE project also other actors will take an active part. The complete list of actors (legal and natural persons, organisations) is presented in Table 14:

Table 15: List of actors involved in EnC activities

Abbr. Name Description

AGGR Aggregator Aggregates services provided by Final Customers and offers them to grid/energy actors

BO BEMS Operator A natural or legal person that operates Building Energy Management System

DSO DSO-L & DSP-E Operates the distribution grid (local & external) when the local grid is not operated by DSO-L

DSO-E External DSO Operates the external distribution grid (to which the local distribution grid is connected)

DSO-L Local DSO Operates the local distribution grid (microgrid), under control of EnC

EnC Energy Community

Legal entity (CEC or REC) representing the citizens collectively acting to provide and purchase services from the other actors of the energy system

ESP Energy Supplier A legal person that sells/buys energy to/from Final Customers EVMO EVM Operator Operates the EV charging management system EVU EV User Owner/user of the electric vehicle has a contract with EVMO

FC Final Customer

A natural or legal person that purchases energy for its own use, sells self-generated electricity or participates in flexibility or energy efficiency schemes (provided that those activities do not constitute its primary commercial or professional activity)

LAU Local Authority Municipality, regional authority LESO LES Operator operates the production/consumption in LES, under control of EnC

WIP Weather Information Provider

Provides info, for example for prediction of consumption and RES production


SECONDARY USE CASES

Determination of Secondary Use Cases The list of Secondary Use Cases (2UC) was elaborated based on the list, goals and descriptions of Primary Use Cases (1UC). Like 1UCs, also the 2UCs are classified into 3 main groups: technical, organisational and replication UCs.

In total, 24 Secondary UCs were defined to assure achievement of HLOs and objectives of Primary UCs, both with consideration of the actual situation in pilot sites and of expectations of pilot sites related to activities and anticipated results of the COMPILE project. The list of 2UCs is presented in Table 15:

Table 16: List of COMPILE Secondary Use Cases

UC code Name

2UC-1.1 Increase local production: planning

2UC-1.2 Increase local production: deployment (legislation, permits, skills, financing)

2UC-2.1 Reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment

2UC-3.1 Grid investments: planning

2UC-3.2 Grid investments: deployment (legislation, permits, skills, financing)

2UC-4.1 Grid operation: achieve supervision and control of micro-grid

2UC-5.1 Reduce LES operation costs: production/consumption optimisation on micro-grid level

2UC-5.2 Reduce LES operation costs: production/consumption optimisation on prosumer level

2UC-5.3 Reduce LES operation costs: introduce services for external actors

2UC-6.1 Increase citizens awareness: environment, RES, consumption, grid operation, collective approach

2UC-6.2 Increase citizen participation

2UC-7.1 Create an energy community (goals, citizens engagement, organisational approach, activity roadmap)

2UC-7.2 Establish a legal structure

2UC-7.3 Establish a democratic governance

2UC-7.4 Create a structured community (goals, legislation, organisation, activity roadmap)

2UC-7.5 Mature a structured community (goals, approach towards other actors, new technologies, diversity of services)

2UC-8.1 Provision of financial sources for investments and community activities

2UC-9.1 Enhance relationships to grid actors 2UC-9.2 Enhance relationships to energy market actors

2UC-9.3 Enhance relationships to local government

2UC-10.1 Promote additional energy services: tackling energy poverty

2UC-10.2 Co-benefits for citizens: energy efficiency services and environmental protection

2UC-11.1 Replication of innovative EnC procedures in large- and small-scale scenarios

2UC-11.2 Replication of innovative EnC procedures in emerging economies

In general, the technical 2UCs are the ones that deal with energy consumption, production and optimisation, and with grid operation issues; on the other hand, the organisational 2UCs relate to creation, growth and maturation of EnC, and to the management of its activities.


The goals of 2UC-1.2 Increase local production: deployment (legislation, permits, skills, financing) and 2UC-3.2 Grid investments: deployment (legislation, permits, skills, financing) relate to technical development of LES (production units, grid) and should therefore be classified as technical. However, the activities of these two UCs are not focused to technical issues but to organisational ones, and don’t involve technical analyses, simulations and real-time exchange of data between the COMPILE ICT tools. For this reason, and also with intention to be coherent with methodology and classification of 2UCs applied in D2.2 System architecture, the 2UC-1.2 and 2UC-3.2 are classified as organisational. Thus, the technical 2UCs are:

• 2UC-1.1 Increase local production: planning: the objective of this UC is to provide the end users and community leaders with the tool that will help them plan the most optimal sizing of RES for their needs;

• 2UC-2.1 Reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment: the objective of this UC is to increase energy efficiency and optimise the resources of the prosumers, in order to reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment;

• 2UC-3.1 Grid investments: planning: the objective of this UC is to provide the DSOs, LESO and EnC with an overview and the basic economic analysis of grid investment, needed to support the operation of new local production units and storage facilities, and increased demand due to the deployment of electric vehicles;

• 2UC-4.1 Grid operation: achieve supervision and control of micro-grid: the objective of this UC is to enable microgrid operators to monitor the status of the grid and to send commands to manage and control the microgrid in a more efficient way;

• 2UC-5.1 Reduce LES operation costs: production/consumption optimisation on micro-grid level: the objective of this UC is to enable, based on characteristics of the microgrid and the consumption/production data/forecast, an optimum operation of the microgrid (balancing of consumption/production and control of power flows);

• 2UC-5.2 Reduce LES operation costs: production/consumption optimisation on prosumer level: the objective of this UC is to optimize the consumption and production of electricity in the way that the final customer’s internal network operates in an optimum way from point of view of final customer and external actors (operating the local and external grid);

• 2UC-5.3 Reduce LES operation costs: introduce services for external actors: the objective of this UC is to reduce LES operation costs by means of the development of the services for other external users (e.g. AGGR, DSO) and to ensure a stable and secure operation of smart grids, using the profit, made in that way.

Organisational 2UCs are:

• 2UC-1.2 Increase local production: deployment (legislation, permits, skills, financing): the instalment process will be presented in detail with all the necessary information for end-users that are planning/thinking about investment into local RES;

• 2UC-3.2 Grid investments: deployment (legislation, permits, skills, financing): the objective of this UC is to provide “one-stop shop” for EnC that are planning/thinking about investment into local grids;

• 2UC-6.1 Increase citizens’ awareness: environment, RES, consumption, grid operation, collective approach: the objective of this UC is to increase the collective awareness of local


citizens about energy-related topics and give the EnC leadership team the necessary elements to take investment decisions and inform their members of the grid and territory constraints;

• 2UC-6.2 Increase citizen participation: the objective of this UC is to increase the knowledge of the citizens on energy and transition topics and to raise overall citizens’ awareness of the opportunities of their active participation in the energy sector;

• 2UC-7.1 Create an energy community (goals, citizens engagement, organisational approach, activity roadmap): the objective of this UC is to engage local actors in the pilot sites in order to create an Energy Community with a shared understanding of its common goals, planned activities and governance procedures;

• 2UC-7.2 Establish a legal structure: the goal of the UC is to select, to create and to run a relevant legal form for the energy communities created by the COMPILE project, which needs to be embedded in relevant EU and national legal and regulatory frameworks;

• 2UC-7.3 Establish democratic governance: the goal of the UC is to produce and collectively validate a democratic governance procedure for the energy communities created by the COMPILE project, which will conform to criteria of open debate, inclusiveness, accountability and transparency;

• 2UC-7.4 Create a structured community (goals, legislation, organisation, activity roadmap): the objective of this UC is to structure the energy community into a group, capable of taking an active and legal role in the local energy system and having the potential to grow into a recognisable market player with a clear role and value-added for the local community;

• 2UC-7.5 Mature a structured community (goals, approach towards other actors, new technologies, diversity of services): the objective of this UC is to grow and replicate the Energy Community concepts in order for it to be recognised as an equal, eye-level market player by other actors in its territory;

• 2UC-8.1 Provision of financial sources for investments and community activities: the objective of this UC is to prepare a structured description of financing options, based on the information and good examples of different ways of financing the investments for EnC activities;

• 2UC-9.1 Enhance relationships to grid actors: the objective of this UC is to demonstrate to grid actors the concept and benefits of energy communities in order to gain their support of the creation and activities of EnC;

• 2UC-9.2 Enhance relationships to energy market actors: the scope of this UC is to support Energy Community to establish contacts and conduct negotiations with energy market actors with the final goal to achieve additional benefits for both parties;

• 2UC-9.3 Enhance relationships to local government: the objective of this UC is to inform municipalities about the benefits, structures and forms of energy communities and achieve their support of the emergence of energy community groups;

• 2UC-10.1 Promote additional energy services: tackling energy poverty: the objective of this UC is to explore the additional services and community value that can be produced by Energy Communities. It looks at alternative models to tackle the needs of the local community, specifically exploring the social challenge of the local area;

• 2UC-10.2 Co-benefits for citizens: energy efficiency services and environmental protection: the objective of this UC is to explore added community value of Energy Communities and its co-benefits for the citizens, specifically encouraging them to explore and express the links between their projects and the transition objectives of their territory.


Replication 2UCs are:

• 2UC-11.1 Replication of innovative EnC procedures in large- and small-scale scenarios: the objective of this UC is to assess the scalability of the COMPILE ecosystem and produce a set of documents including experiences, guidelines, recommendations, and other information aimed at reproduction of the outcomes of COMPILE project in large- and small-scale scenarios;

• 2UC-11.2 Replication of innovative EnC procedures in emerging economies: the objective of this UC is to assess the replicability of the COMPILE experience in emerging economies and produce a set of documents including experiences, guidelines, recommendations, market research, and other information aimed at the reproduction of the outcomes of COMPILE in emerging economies.

Involvement of 2UCs in the achievement of goals of 1UCs is presented in Table 16:

Table 17: Relationship between Primary and Secondary Use Cases

PRIMARY USE CASE Involved Secondary Use Cases

Code Name

1UC-1 Increase LES self-sufficiency 2UC-1.1, 2UC-1.2, 2UC-2.1, 2UC-6.1, 2UC-6.2, 2UC-8.1, 2UC-9.2, 2UC-9.3

1UC-2 Improve operation of LES (grid - technical issues)

2UC-3.1, 2UC-3.2, 2UC-4.1, 2UC-5.3, 2UC-8.1, 2UC-9.1, 2UC-9.3

1UC-3 Reduce costs of LES operation 2UC-5.1, 2UC-5.2, 2UC-5.3, 2UC-6.1, 2UC-6.2, 2UC-8.1

1UC-4 Establish and grow the energy community

2UC-6.1, 2UC-6.2, 2UC-7.1, 2UC-7.2, 2UC-7.3, 2UC-7.4, 2UC-7.5, 2UC-10.1, 2UC-10.2

1UC-5 Provide financial sources for LES investments (RES, grid)

2UC-8.1, 2UC-10.2 (with connection to 2UC-1.2, 2UC-2.1, 2UC-3.2, 2UC-5.3)

1UC-6 Enhance relationships with system actors 2UC-9.1, 2UC-9.2, 2UC-9.3

1UC-7 Replicate innovative EnC procedures in diverse scenarios 2UC-11.1, 2UC-11.2

Description of Secondary Use Cases The 2UCs represent the “operational” use cases, which will be implemented in individual pilot sites and whose results will be monitored and evaluated by means of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Therefore, they are described in detail, using a standardised template for use cases description which contains the following fields:

• Scope and objective: a brief description of the scope, objectives, and rationale of the Use Case. The intent is to put the UC in context, particularly in relation to other related functions/use cases;

• Description: a complete description from an expert user’s point of view, describing what occurs when, why, with what expectation, etc.;

• Actors involved: a list of actors involved in the execution of the UC;

• COMPILE tools involved: a list of COMPILE ICT tools involved in the execution of the UC;


• Preconditions: description of preconditions that must already exist prior to execution of the UC (already existing systems, data existing in databases, necessary preliminary activities, contractual/organizational relations, etc.);

• Postconditions: description of the state after completion of UC (results);

• Triggering events: description of the event that triggers the execution of the UC or its steps;

• Step-by-step analysis: description of phases of execution of UC (triggering event, description of the step, information exchanged between actors);

• Application: a list of pilot sites where the UC will be implemented.

The detail descriptions of 2UCs are given in Chapter 11 (Annex B: Description of Secondary Use Cases).

Some 2UCs (above all the organisational and replication ones) cannot be executed in a step-by-step way. The execution of such UCs is an ongoing process where certain activities can be performed in parallel or are omitted. Therefore, the steps do not necessarily follow in described order; the steps listed in UC descriptions represent the instructions (serving as action list/reminder) to EnC as to which actions can be taken in execution of the UC.

Implementation of Secondary Use Cases The 2UCs will be implemented in individual pilot sites according to their size, problems in operation of LES, goals of the EnC on the technical and organisational level, present maturity level of EnC, and expressed expectations from the COMPILE project. In the implementation of individual 2UCs, different ICT tolls will be involved.

Table 17 presents which 2UCs will be implemented in demonstration sites (Luče-LUC, Križevci-KRI and Crevillent-CRE) and in replicant sites (Rafina-RAF and Lisbon-LIS):

Table 18: Implementation of Secondary Use Cases in pilot sites

UC name (shortened) LUC KRI CRE RAF LIS

2UC-1.1 Increase local production: planning

2UC-1.2 Increase local production: deployment

2UC-2.1 Reduce energy consumption

2UC-3.1 Grid investments: planning

2UC-3.2 Grid investments: deployment

2UC-4.1 Grid operation: achieve supervision and control of micro-grid

2UC-5.1 Production/consumption optimisation on micro-grid level

2UC-5.2 Production/consumption optimisation on prosumer level


2UC-6.1 Increase citizens awareness

2UC-6.2 Increase citizen participation

2UC-7.1 Create an energy community

2UC-7.2 Establish a legal structure

2UC-7.3 Establish a democratic governance


UC name (shortened) LUC KRI CRE RAF LIS

2UC-7.4 Create a structured community

2UC-7.5 Mature a structured community 2UC-8.1 Provision of financial sources for investments/community activities

2UC-9.1 Enhance relationships to grid actors

2UC-9.2 Enhance relationships to energy market actors

2UC-9.3 Enhance relationships to local government


2UC-10.2 Co-benefits for citizens

2UC-11.1 Replication of EnC procedures in large- and small-scale scenarios


Table 18 presents which COMPILE ICT tools (described in Chapter 5) will be involved in the implementation of individual 2UCs:

Table 19: Involvement of COMPILE tools in Secondary Use Cases

UC name (shortened) Grid Rule

Home Rule

EV Rule

Com Pilot

COOL kit

Value Tool

2UC-1.1 Increase local production: planning 2UC-1.2 Increase local production: deployment 2UC-2.1 Reduce energy consumption 2UC-3.1 Grid investments: planning 2UC-3.2 Grid investments: deployment 2UC-4.1 Grid operation: achieve supervision and control

of micro-grid

2UC-5.1 Production/consumption optimisation on micro-grid level

2UC-5.2 Production/consumption optimisation on prosumer level


2UC-6.1 Increase citizens awareness 2UC-6.2 Increase citizen participation 2UC-7.1 Create an energy community 2UC-7.2 Establish a legal structure 2UC-7.3 Establish a democratic governance 2UC-7.4 Create a structured community 2UC-7.5 Mature a structured community 2UC-8.1 Provision of financial sources for

investments/community activities

2UC-9.1 Enhance relationships to grid actors 2UC-9.2 Enhance relationships to energy market actors 2UC-9.3 Enhance relationships to local government


UC name (shortened) Grid Rule

Home Rule

EV Rule

Com Pilot

COOL kit

Value Tool


2UC-10.2 Co-benefits for citizens 2UC-11.1 Replication of EnC procedures in large- and

small-scale scenarios


Operational requirements for pilot sites General operational requirements for pilot sites are evident from the description of UCs (Annex B) where the objectives of implemented technical solutions are given for each UC together with description of preconditions necessary for implementation of UC, information to be exchanged between actors, required results (postconditions) and involved COMPILE ICT tools (also evident from Table 18).

The planned implementation of UCs in individual pilot sites is evident in Table 17. In addition, actors that will be involved in the execution of individual UCs in individual pilot sites are listed in the field “Application” of UCs’ descriptions, which gives additional information about the implementation of UCs.

Detailed operational requirements for each pilot site will be determined within the WP3 Modelling, control and digitization of the local energy system, tasks T3.1 Analysis, modelling and forecasting techniques for optimal combination of local energy sources, T3.2 Advanced Control and management strategies for Energy Communities and T3.3 Advanced models and technologies of local storage and electromobility.


7 PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

GENERAL INFORMATION The definition of UCs identifies the possible results of the implementation of the COMPILE solutions and Key Performance Indicators are here to define the evaluation and impact assessment framework of the project. For this purpose, different Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are defined, such as level of security of supply, the share of RES and locally produced energy in the community, control reserves provided by flexible resources, and similar.

COMPILEs methodological approach links UCs with KPIs in order to track the progress and evaluate the results of the newly developed tools or actions performed within the project. The list of KPIs below is a preliminary list of all possible KPIs chosen from the database of KPIs from different previous projects like INCREASE, STORY, NOBELGRID, WISEGRID, FLEXGRID, CROSSBOW and others. The preliminary list of KPIs with mapping to the primary UCs is presented in Table 20, while the mapping with secondary UCs is done in their description in Annex B: Description of Secondary Use Cases.

The final list of KPIs that will be monitored within the project will be made after the detailed KPIs feasibility analysis, based on measurement data availability, which will be done within the T2.5: KPI and monitoring preparation. This analysis of each KPI will have exactly defined methodology for the acquisition of input data together with appropriate methods for the final calculation of the KPIs. In addition, a general monitoring methodology will be defined that will be used in WP6 Impact assessment where it will be further tailored in detail for each pilot site where local characteristics and applied business models will be taken in consideration. The T2.5 is planned to finish in M15 (January 2020) and the final report on KPIs will be done at the end of the task.

KPIS FOR HIGH-LEVEL OBJECTIVES AND USE CASES HLOs are too broad to be evaluated by a single KPI, so, therefore, the KPIs listed in the table below are more of guidance or general description of what KPIs should evaluate to measure the success of HLO. It’s important to mention, that the sum of results of KPIs for primary and secondary UCs that are related to a specific HLO are the ones used for the final evaluation of the success of HLO.

Table 20: KPIs for High Level Objectives

Code Name KPI HLO1 Building up EnC Number of established EnC, Re-activated EnC

HLO2 Enhancing cooperation in EnC Number of different social/collective action activities

HLO3 Increase share of RES in the EU smart grid RES installed: power + production

HLO4 Increasing replicability and scalability

Number of summer schools, visits, exchanges with India and China, Deliverable/report on interoperability, replicability and scalability

KPI DESCRIPTIONS AND MAPPING WITH USE CASES In the table below, a list of preliminary KPIs with a short description and with mapping to primary UCs is presented. The same KPIs are also linked to the secondary UCs in their description.


The KPIs on the list will be further analysed in the following months and reduced to the final list of KPIs which we will be able to measure/calculate within the project.

Table 21: Preliminary list of KPIs with mapping to primary UCs

ID KPI name Pilot Site UC mapping

1 Voltage variation

The indicator will measure the voltage deviation on the network nodes. As a basis, the nominal voltage per node will

be used. 1UC-2

2 Energy losses

Evaluation of the reduction of energy technical losses in the distribution network. Pilots implement some actions to

positively impact the reduction of energy technical losses, such as remote management of DER, implementation of new algorithms to identify the optimum topological configuration

of the distribution grid.

1UC-3

3 Participant recruitment

It is an indication of the fraction of consumers that accept their participation in the different demos. 1UC-4

4 Active participation

It is an indicator of the fraction of consumers taking part actively in the different demos. 1UC-4

5 Reduction in

greenhouse gas emissions

It indicates the difference between the total amount of CO2 emissions calculated respectively for the business as usual

case and the R&I scenarios, taking into account conventional generators, network automation, energy storage,

import/export of electricity, need of additional power plants, modifications of the network and changes in the energy

supply mix.

1UC-1

6 Generation forecasting

accuracy

It is an indicator of improvement of forecasting accuracy, before and after the newly developed algorithms and

calibration. 1UC-2

7 Load forecasting accuracy

It is an indicator of improvement of forecasting accuracy, before and after the newly developed algorithms and

calibration. 1UC-2

8 Hosting capacity

The percentage increase of network hosting capacity for DER.

This KPI measures the potential increase of hosting capacity for DERs with Smart Grid solutions compared to the baseline

situation where no “smart” actions are performed on the network. The indicator gives a statement about the

additional DERs that can be installed in the network thanks to Smart Grid solutions without the need for conventional

reinforcements (i.e. new grid lines).

1UC-2

9 Islanding

The capacity of the energy system to switch to islanding whilst keeping the power quality requirement. This KPI

measures the capacity of islanding to last as long as required. This KPI is calculated as the relation (in %) between the duration of single islanding and the required duration of islanding after an intentional or unintentional disconnection

from the grid.

1UC-1

10 Potential

turndown (per site)

[kW or kWh]: This is a metric which shows the specific turndown potential (demand flexibility potential) for that

asset. This is the potential amount of demand flexibility that 1UC-2


each customer of the portfolio will offer to the Aggregator, in a DR strategy.

11 Enrolled

turndown (per site)

[kW or kWh]: This is what is requested by Aggregator during a DR strategy implementation. This is actually the decrease

to potential turndown value, taking into account the reliability level of each customer of the portfolio.

1UC-2

12 Measured

turndown (per site)

[kW or kWh]: This is what is actually measured when a DR strategy is performed. In other words, this is the amount of

actual flexibility offered during a DR strategy. 1UC-2

13 Delivered

capacity (per site)

[%]: This is the measured capacity delivered by an asset in a live dispatch event. This is the “ratio of measured to enrolled

capacity”, thus the reliability level of each customer of the portfolio.

1UC-2

14 CAPEX - CAPital

Expenditures Demos

Summing up all upfront investment required to purchase, manufacture, install and put in operation the required

equipment and activate service operation (excluding ICT). 1UC-3

15

CAPEX - CAPital EXpenditures of R&I solution VS

grid reinforcement

Compare KPI_14 with investment costs required to reinforce the grid on an annual basis. 1UC-3

16 OPEX -

OPerational Expenditures

Summing up all annual recurrent costs, required to operate and maintain the installed equipment. 1UC-3

17 Data reliability ratio

Calculating the percentage of reliable data according to all the data received in a time period. 1UC-2

18 Compliance with GDPR

Level of data privacy collected in the project that meets GDPR requirements (2016/679/EC) [5]. Failing to meet the

standards of the regulations will increase the risks related to the GDPR, including protection, costs, access, and other data

challenges. Reducing the risks through GDPR policies will improve the organization's performance for data security.

1UC-2

19 Criticalities Reduction Index

Measures the reduction of the number of criticalities on the network in terms of overvoltage and overcurrent. 1UC-2

20

Availability of the

communication infrastructure

A measure of system reliability. 1UC-2

21

Increase in revenue of the

flexibility service provider (multi-resources aggregator for multi-services

provision)

In a context of aggregation of various assets, the use of an optimizer will help maximize the revenue of the aggregator when providing multi-services by taking account generation

forecasts, market prices, service remunerations, etc. This will encourage new players to participate in ancillary service

markets.

1UC-3

22 User satisfaction

Survey on the satisfaction of small distributed flexibility sources (consumers/generators) contributing to the

aggregated flexibility. 1UC-4


23 Hosting capacity

of electric vehicles

Measurement of the contribution of the project in increasing the capacity of the distribution network to host electric

vehicles. 1UC-2

24 Consumers

being metered automatically

This KPI states the quota of consumers which have their meter information remotely gathered by the DSO, i.e. with smart meters connected via a communication network to the data collection in business as usual scenario and in the

R&I scenarios.

1UC-2

25 Use of

equipment standards

It is an indicator of the effective use of standards with respect to the declared use. 1UC-7

26 Use of protocol standards

It is an indicator of the effective use of standards with respect to the declared use. 1UC-7

27 CO2 emission

savings/improved air quality

More efficient cooperation between TSOs and DSOs, together with the integration of network/resources models

in the market clearing algorithms is expected to be beneficial in the optimal management of available flexibility, including

the one provided by low-carbon generation technologies (which are gradually replacing conventional plants with higher carbon emissions). Generation dispatch and unit

commitment model is used for the calculation of emissions savings in each coordination scheme compared to the reference scheme. Emission rates for each generation

technology are calculated via an LCA. The volume of CO2 emissions is based on the generation mix of the country for

each COMPILE site.

1UC-1

28 Self-

consumption ratio

Measuring the efficiency of load shifting mechanisms and energy storage by quantifying the amount of electricity

produced and consumed locally relative to the total local production available from on-site generation units.

1UC-1

29 (Buildings) Final consumption

Quantifying the total amount of energy consumed in a building (or in a part of it) within a predefined period 1UC-1

30 EnC

participation/ adoption

Tracking the increase of customers participation in EnC, the establishment of a governance structure, diversity of members, number of employees, people at general

assemblies, number of services provided.

1UC-4

31 Peak load reduction

Calculating the demand peak reduction in comparison to the baseline value, for a period/event. 1UC-2

32 System average

interruption duration

Measuring the average outage duration that any given customer would experience (average restoration time). 1UC-2

33 Pay-back Time

[years] Pay-back Time is the period of time required to recover the funds expended in an investment. The payback period is a method of analysis with limitations for its use, because it does not account for the time value of money,

but it is easy to use.

1UC-5

34 Data security control

This KPI measures whether a security vulnerability analysis has been done and issues were resolved before the system

went online. 1UC-2


35 GDPR risk

Level of data privacy collected in the project that meet GDPR requirements (2016/679/EC) [4]. Failing to meet the

standards of the regulations will increase the risks related to the GDPR, including protection, costs, access, and other data

challenges. Reducing the risks through GDPR policies will improve the organizations performance for data security.

1UC-2

36 Reduced overall cost

Intended to give a statement about the overall costs when R&I solutions are applied, compared to the Business-as-

Usual (BaU) methodology. 1UC-3

37 Customer acceptance

Measuring how well customers will engage in grid stabilization. KPI can additionally be supported by

conducting an interview with a defined group of customers, e.g. key customers.

1UC-4

38 Grid efficiency Comparing losses with (Po) or without the implementation of adjustments stated in optimization (Pw). 1UC-3

39 Easy access to own data

Increase in the number of European consumers (both individuals and organizations) that can access their

electricity meter data (i.e. from all metering points, incl. from sub-meters) through a single access point no later than

on the following day.

1UC-2

40

Sharing information related to

participation in flexibility market

Increase in availability of all flexibilities to all concerned TSOs and DSOs as a result of sharing information related to

participation in flexibility markets. 1UC-6

41

Energy services and applications benefiting from data exchange

Increase in the number of metering points and applications connected by European data exchange model. 1UC-5

42 Open Source Share of open source components in the platform. 1UC-7

43 Connectivity Using widespread standard protocols to ensure interoperability. 1UC-7

44 Transfer energy data

Data exchange platform capable to transfer different types of data. 1UC-2

45 Calculate flexibility baseline

Effective flexibility calculation process supported by ‘single flexibility platform’. 1UC-2

46 Predict

flexibility availability

Effective flexibility prediction processes supported by ‘single flexibility platform’. 1UC-2

47 Ancillary services cost

The indicator will measure the cost of providing ancillary services. 1UC-2

48

Increased EV demand flexibility

availability

This KPI will evaluate the amount of energy that the smart charging strategies in EVSE enable to shift according to the

EV users’ preferences compared to the total amount of power required for charging.

1UC-2

49 Peak-to-average ratio

The peak-to-average ratio gives information regarding the shape of the load curve, i.e. it indicates how extreme the

peak consumption is relative to the consumption during off-1UC-2


peak hours. Measures to flatten the consumption profile contribute to the reduction of 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃.

50 Energy cost The indicator will measure the energy cost that depends on the purchased energy from the grid as well as the electricity

price per kWh. 1UC-3

51 Energy savings

This indicator is usually used for project evaluation (where suppliers are involved), and for consumer behaviour change

(for consumers). It will measure the difference between measured and reference consumption data, evaluated

within a predefined period of time.

1UC-3

52 Absolute EnC -

DR scheme Impact on Load

Absolute EnC - DR scheme Impact on Load. 1UC-2

53 Relative Enc -

DR scheme Impact on Load

Relative EnC -DR scheme Impact on Load. 1UC-2

54 Absolute peak hour change Absolute peak hour change. 1UC-2

55 Relative peak hour change Relative peak hour change. 1UC-2

56 Absolute off-

peak hour change

Absolute off-peak hour change. 1UC-2

57 Relative off-peak hour

change Relative off-peak hour change. 1UC-2

58

Number of voltage dips or swells/meter according to

EN50160

Number of voltage dips or swells/meter according to EN50160. 1UC-2

59 EnC growth Number of established and re-established Re-activated EnC. 1UC-4 60 EnC activity Number of different activities. 1UC-5

61 Provision of

financial sources for EnC

Number of crowdfunding campaigns, special deals (actions). 1UC-5

62

Enhancing relationships with system

actors

Number of different activities related to enhancing relationships with system actors (meetings, workshops,

conferences, manuals, etc.). 1UC-6

63

Enhancing EnC replication potential in

diverse scenarios

Number of summer schools, visits, exchanges with India and China, Deliverable/report on interoperability, replicability

and scalability. 1UC-7

64 Safety Impact on the safety of employees, users or local residents. 1UC-1

65 Social cohesion Creation of a LEC could lead to social integration, links between neighbours. 1UC-4


66 Increase of

environmental awareness

Increase of environmental awareness (Climate change, RES technologies). 1UC-1

67 Investment in

energy projects by citizens

Willingness to invest in energy projects indicates citizen participation. 1UC-4

68 Employment The number of jobs created through the whole value chain 1UC-4

69 Skill acquirement

New skills and knowledge can be created among employees and thereby reduce the knowledge gap in the labour market. 1UC-4

70 Energy Poverty Change of percentage of energy-poor households. 1UC-5

IMPLEMENTATION OF KPIS IN PILOT SITES (MAPPING) Most of the KPIs in the table below are of technical/quantitative nature that need data measurement and in many cases installation of new equipment. Therefore, after the initial analysis, we can see that some KPIs are not suitable for replication sites (Lisbon, Rafina) where the focus is on making the roadmap for the development of EnC. For the rest of the sites, a detailed analysis will be made, to see if we can obtain and measure the needed data for calculation of the KPIs.

Table 22: KPIs and pilot sites mapping

ID KPI name Description Luče Crevillent Križevci Rafina Lisbon

1 Voltage variation 2 Energy losses 3 Participant recruitment 4 Active participation 5 Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions 6 Generation forecasting accuracy 7 Load forecasting accuracy 8 Hosting capacity 9 Islanding

10 Potential turndown (per site) 11 Enrolled turndown (per site) 12 Measured turndown (per site) 13 Delivered capacity (per site) 14 CAPEX - CAPital Expenditures Demos

15 CAPEX - CAPital EXpenditures of R&I solution VS grid reinforcement

16 OPEX - OPerational Expenditures 17 Data reliability ratio 18 Compliance with GDPR 19 Criticalities Reduction Index

20 Availability of the communication infrastructure

21 Increase in revenue of the flexibility

service provider (multi-resources aggregator for multi- services provision)

22 User satisfaction 23 Hosting capacity of electric vehicles 24 Consumers being metered automatically



25 Use of equipment standards 26 Use of protocol standards 27 CO2 emission savings 28 Self-consumption ratio 29 (Buildings) Final consumption 30 EnC participation adoption 31 Peak load reduction 32 System average interruption duration 33 Pay-back Time 34 Data security control 35 GDPR risk 36 Reduced overall cost 37 Customer acceptance 38 Grid efficiency 39 Easy access to own data

40 Sharing information related to participation in flexibility market

41 Energy services and applications benefiting from data exchange

42 Open Source 43 Connectivity 44 Transfer energy data 45 Calculate flexibility baseline 46 Predict flexibility availability 47 Ancillary services cost

48 Increased EV demand flexibility availability

49 Peak-to-average ratio 50 Energy cost 51 Energy savings

52 Absolute EnC - DR scheme Impact on Load

53 Relative Enc - DR scheme Impact on Load 54 Absolute peak hour change 55 Relative peak hour change 56 Absolute off-peak hour change 57 Relative off-peak hour change

58 Number of voltage dips or swells/meter according to EN50160

59 EnC growth 60 EnC activity 61 Provision of financial sources for EnC

62 Enhancing relationships with system actors

63 Enhancing EnC replication potential in diverse scenarios

64 Safety 65 Social cohesion



66 Increase of environmental awareness 67 Investment in energy projects by citizens 68 Employment 69 Skill aquirement 70 Energy Poverty


8 CONCLUSIONS

The results of activities of COMPILE T2.1 Use cases definition and requirements, summarised in this document, enable the planning of activities of other projects’ WPs and tasks. Technical (related to LES operation) and organisational (related to establishment, growth and maturation of Energy Communities) issues that the COMPILE pilot sites are facing are identified, and appropriate measures to be taken are defined and described in form of Use Cases to be implemented in individual pilot sites.

Execution of Use Cases will be supported by COMPILE ICT tools, where for each Use Case the involved tools are listed together with the preconditions that must be fulfilled to enable achievement of Use Case goals by optimum exploitation of ICT tools’ functionalities.

Each Use Case description contains the list of pilot sites where the respective actions will be implemented, the objectives (purpose), goals (postconditions after implementation) and a list of actors that will take part in the achievement of these goals. Use Cases are also linked with Key Performance Indicators, defined in order to enable tracking the progress and evaluation of results of actions performed within the project.

The results of activities of T2.1 represent a quality foundation for subsequent project activities. Above all, they enable definition of COMPILE system architecture (T2.3 System architecture definition), determination of measures to be taken in development of pilot sites’ Energy Communities (WP4 Energy community development), actual implementation of COMPILE technical solutions and organisational activities (WP5 Pilot sites) and evaluation of project results (WP 6 Impact assessment).


9 REFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONS

REFERENCES

[1] "COMPILE - Energy Community Definitions," [Online]. Available: https://www.compile-project.eu/downloads/.

[2] THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, "DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/944 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on common rules for the internal market for electricity and amending Directive 2012/27/EU," Official Journal of the European Union, no. L 158, 2019.

[3] THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, "DIRECTIVE (EU) 2018/2001 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources," Official Journal of the European Union, no. L 328, 2018.

[4] Directorate-General for Energy (European Commission), Clean energy for all Europeans, 2019.

[5] THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, "Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Da," 2016, pp. (OJ L 119 4.5.2016, p. 1).

TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Name Abbr. Description

Aggregator AGGR Aggregates services provided by Final Customers and offers them to grid/energy actors

Building Energy Management System BEMS

Automated system that manages the equipment in a building (lighting, HVAC, sensors, etc.). Provides data and allows actuation over a building

Charging station CS Appliance that enables charging of EVs Citizen Energy Community CEC A legal entity as defined in point (11) of Article 2 of Directive

(EU) 2019/944 (EMDII)

COOLkit A COMPILE ICT tool intended to support the EnC leaders to understand and build their EnC (in the DoA named C-ECT)

ComPilot A COMPILE ICT tool for EnC portfolio management, consumption/ production forecasting and optimisation, demand response strategies etc. (in the DoA named C-VCP)

COOPÉRNICO – COOPERATIVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL

COOP COMPILE project partner

Demand response DR A change of electricity load by final customers from their normal or current consumption patterns in response to market


Name Abbr. Description signals, including in response to time-variable electricity prices or incentive payments, or in response to the acceptance of the final customer's bid to sell demand reduction or increase at a price in an organised market, whether alone or through aggregation

Demonstration sites COMPILE pilot sites Luče, Križevci and Crevillent Description of Action DoA Annex 1 (Part A) of the GA Distributed Energy Resources DER Any generation, storage, or load flexibility resources connected

to the grid Distribution System operator DSO Operates the distribution grid (local & external) when local grid

not operated by DSO-L Electric vehicle EV A vehicle that uses electricity as a source of energy

Electricity Market Directive EMDII

Directive (EU) 2019/944 on common rules for the internal market for electricity and amending Directive 2012/27/EU (recast)

Energy Community EnC Legal entity (CEC or REC) representing the citizens collectively acting to provide and purchase services from the other actors of the energy system

Energy Island An area (e.g. isolated village, small city, urban district, rural area) either weakly connected to the grid, or with a significant degree or potential of self-supply

Energy Supplier ESP Legal person that sells/buys energy to/from Final Customers

EVRule COMPILE ICT tool for operation and management of EV charging infrastructure (in the DoA named C-EVM)

EV User EVU Owner/user of electric vehicle, has a contract with EVMO

External DSO DSO-E Operates the external distribution grid (to which the local distribution grid is connected)

Final Customer FC

Natural or legal person that purchases energy for its own use, sells self-generated electricity or participates in flexibility or energy efficiency schemes (provided that those activities do not constitute its primary commercial or professional activity)

Grant Agreement GA Grant agreement Number 824424 - COMPILE

GridRule A COMPILE ICT tool for operation and management of (micro) grid (in the DoA named C-ECC)

Heating, ventilation, air conditioning HVAC System that provides thermal comfort and acceptable indoor

quality High Level Objective HLO COMPILE project objective(s) as defined in DoA, section 1.1.3

HomeRule A COMPILE ICT tool for operation of building’s internal network (Building Energy Management System – in the DoA named C-BEM)

Information and Communication Technologies

ICT Computers and other electronic equipment and systems used to collect, store, use, and exchange data electronically

Internet of Things IoT Extension of Internet connectivity into physical devices and everyday objects; it enables remote monitoring and control of these devices

Key Performance Indicator KPI Indicators that allow to evaluate and assess the impact of

results of the COMPILE project

Local Energy System LES A part of the power grid, including Final Customers’ networks and local production units

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/computer

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/electronic

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/equipment

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/system

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/collect

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/store

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/data

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/electronically

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet


Name Abbr. Description Local Authority LAU Municipality, regional authority

LES Operator LESO operates the production/consumption in LES, under control of EnC

Local DSO DSO-L Operates the local distribution grid (microgrid), under control of EnC

Photovoltaic panel PV Device that absorbs sunlight to generate electricity Pilot sites COMPILE demonstration and replicant sites Primary Use Case 1UC A high-level UC as defined in section 6.2.2 of this document Prosumer PR Final Customer that purchases or sells energy in its own name Renewable Energy Community REC A legal entity as defined in point (16) of Article 2 of Directive

(EU) 2018/2001 (REDII) Renewable Energy Sources RES Appliances that generate renewable energy as defined in point

(1) of Article 2 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 (REDII) Renewable Energy Directive REDII Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy

from renewable sources (recast) Replicant sites COMPILE pilot sites Rafina and Lisbon Secondary Use Case 2UC A UC as defined in section 6.4 of this document

Self-Consumer SC Final Customer with self-generation that purchases the remaining part of energy (surplus of consumption over the generation)

Sensor Sen Device that measures one or more properties (e.g. luminosity, temperature, presence, open/close status) and sends this information to another system

Smart meter SM Electronic device that records the consumption of energy and communicates the information for monitoring and billing. It enables a two-way communication with the central system

Software SW A set of instructions or programs instructing a computer to perform specific tasks

Storage unit SU Device that stores energy for subsequent use Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCADA Control system architecture for supervisory management and

operation

Switch Swi Device that allows modifications in the grid, e.g. turning on and off a feeder or a device

Use Case UC A brief user story explaining the goal(s) the user wants to achieve and in which way

ValueTool A COMPILE ICT tool for EnCs and their members in the process of deployment of new production facilities or energy related services (in the DoA named C-BMVA)

Weather Information Provider WIP Provides info, for example for prediction of consumption and

RES production Work package WP A part of COMPILE activities as defined in the DoA


10 ANNEX A: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PILOT SITES

1. BASIC DATA ABOUT DEMONSTRATION SITE

1.1 ENERGY DATA OF LOCAL CLOSED ENERGY SYSTEM

Total yearly consumption: ________________ (MWh or GWh)

Total yearly local production: ______________ (MWh or GWh)

Connections (transmission lines, cables, transformers) of local energy system (LES) with external grid:

Voltage level Voltage (kV) Number Total capacity (MVA)

HV (110 kV and higher)

MV (lower than 110 kV and higher than 0,4 kV)

LV (0,4 kV)

Yearly peak load of LES (maximum import from external grid): ________ (kW or MW)

Yearly peak local production of LES (maximum generation): ________ (kW or MW)

Number of electricity final customers (end consumers / producers): HV & MV: ______; LV: ______

Existing local production units (if applicable, insert details under the table):

Unit type Number Total capacity (kWe or MWe)

Total yearly production (MWh or GWh)

Photovoltaics Power plants Roof units*

Wind turbines Large (>250 kW) Small (<250 kW)

Cogenerations Other

* Smaller units on the roofs of private houses, commercial buildings, public buildings … (typically <100 kW)

Details (if applicable) about existing local production units:

Local production units that will be deployed during the project (if applicable, insert details under the table):

Unit type Number Total capacity (kWe or MWe)

Total planned yearly production

(MWh)

Planned date of deployment

(mm/yy)



Cogenerations Other



Details (if applicable) about local production units planned to be deployed during the project:

Other energy related installations

Capacity of Storage installed:

Reactive power compensators (number and total reactive power in kvar):

Number of Electric Vehicles deployed:

Number of electric vehicle charging stations installed:

Do the electric vehicle charging stations enable remote charging load control?

Planned mobilizable aggregated demand for flexibility schemes:

Planned mobilizable aggregated production (kW) for production optimisation and flexibility schemes:

Any other energy related information you want to emphasize:

1.2 DATA ABOUT CITIZENS’ ENGAGEMENT

1.2.1 Background Information

How many people live in your demonstration site community? In how many households (estimation)?

What is the average income of residents in your demonstration site community (€/month or €/year)?

What are the administrative structures around your demonstration sites (various layers of government administration)?

What is the political situation relating to Energy Themes in the demonstration site?

Estimate the geographical area of your demonstration site (km2):

Investment in production units already in operation (please use here the table of Section 1.1 related to existing production units):

Unit type Number Financing of the installation (in %ages)

State support scheme (Y/N)

Average break-even (years)



Cogenerations Other Other Other


Investment in planned production units (please use here the table of Section 1.1 related to units to be deployed during the project):


Unit type Number Financing of

the installation (in %ages)


Average break-even

(years)



Cogenerations Other


Investment in other energy related infrastructure (for example lines, substations, storage, reactive power compensators, electric vehicle charging infrastructure):

Infrastructure type Number Financing of the installation (in

%ages)


Average break-even (years) if

applicable

Are there major regulatory barriers to community investments?

1.2.2 Energy Stakeholders

List of Energy stakeholders:

Role Name of the actor Distribution System Operator Transmission System Operator Energy Supplier Energy Producer Electric Mobility Manager Storage manager Aggregator …

List of Citizens’ Organisations:

Organisation No. of Members Main Activity

Favourability to the project (Please include in the following table the organisations that you listed above (i.e. Energy Stakeholder and Citizens’ organisation):

Against and Active

Indifferent

Pro and Active

Against and Inactive Pro and Inactive


1.2.3 Energy Awareness

Which form of activities in the field of citizens’ engagement in energy related activities are already in place?

As regards educational activities (events with physical presence of citizens – public seminars and workshops, consultations provided by energy consulting offices etc.) please insert the number of participants in the last 3 years.

As regards printed materials insert the number of copies of distributed materials in the last 3 years.

Form of activity Number of engaged Citizens Organisations*

Benefits of RES – education programs Benefits of RES – printed materials Benefits of local production – education Benefits of local production – printed materials Support at erection of local production** Energy efficiency – education programs Energy efficiency – printed materials Climate Campaign Transition Program Participative Democracy Program …

* Organisation can be a private or public company, local authorities including governmental offices, various initiatives (NGOs), public services (schools, hospitals, police stations …)

** For example, consultations about technical, financial and construction aspects of erection of local production units

Does the local municipality have a Transition Plan (SECAP / SEAP)?

Is the local municipality part of the Covenant of Mayors?

Did the municipality benefit for an award / a lighthouse program relating to the energy transition or decarbonization?

How active would you rate your energy community (1- not at all; 5- very active):

How mature would you rate your energy community (1- not mature; 10- very mature): Maturity: is reference to the readiness level of the community group to perform energy related services and assume the weight of the governance of the energy system. (e.g. the highest maturity is a community structured around an energy cooperative or several energy cooperatives leading the governance of all the aspects of the energy system including positive externalities; the lowest maturity is an unstructured group of citizens that showed interest in the energy / climate topics but did not take any significant action)

Any other information related to citizens’ engagement and local energy community you want to emphasize:


2. ISSUES RELATED TO LES / ENERGY COMMUNITY This chapter is intended to acquire information about potential issues in operation of your local energy system and in organisation / activities of local energy community. The answers shall describe your visions of what you would like to improve in your demonstration site.

Sections in this chapter serve only as a guidance, giving an initial idea about potential issues in operation of local energy system and in organisation / activities of local energy community. Please add sections to describe additional issues related to your LES and local community you are (or anticipate to be) faced with and expect or wish to be treated within the COMPILE project. The added issues shall be in line with COMPILE high level objectives (Building up and enhancing cooperation in Energy Community, Increase share of RES in the smart grid – please refer to Grant Agreement, Part B, section 1.1.3).

2.1 INCREASE SELF-SUFFICIENCY

This section shall be filled in by demonstration sites that intend to increase the share of locally produced energy from distributed energy resources (of any form – RES, cogeneration …) and/or reduce the (growth of) consumption in the LES.

Relevance for demonstration site (insert “X”):

Very important Rather important

Rather unimportant

Totally unimportant

Description of current situation (level of self-sufficiency in %, expected growth of consumption in %/year):

Goals for the future (expected level of self-sufficiency after 5, 10 and 20 years):

Obstacles that might prevent the achievement of the goals (please insert a short description where applicable):

• Financial: • Technical: • Organisational (including skills of personnel to support activities): • Regulatory: • Political Backing: • Poor citizens’ interest and/or acquaintance: • Social counter-movement (as for example: NIMBY - Not In My Back Yard): • Other:

Do you expect this issue to be tackled by COMPILE project (insert “X”)?

Mandatory Nice to have Not needed

Other remarks regarding treatment of this issue by COMPILE:


2.2 INCREASE RES PRODUCTION

This section shall be filled in if there are issues related to development of local production explicitly linked to renewable energy sources (beside the ones described in previous section):


Very important

Rather important

Rather unimportant

Totally unimportant

Description of current situation (share of RES in local production and consumption):

Goals for the future (share of RES in % of local production and consumption after 5, 10 and 20 years):

Obstacles that might prevent the achievement of the goals (insert a short description where applicable):

• Financial: • Technical: • Organisational (including skills of personnel to support activities): • Regulatory: • Political Backing: • Poor citizens’ interest and/or acquaintance: • Social counter-movement (as for example: NIMBY): • Other:




2.3 IMPROVE OPERATION OF LOCAL ENERGY SYSTEM

This section shall be filled in if there are issues related to operation of local grid (congestions, outages, excessive voltage deviations, imbalances, incapability of LES’s islanded operation …):


Very important

Rather important

Rather unimportant

Totally unimportant

Description of current situation (problems in operation):

Goals for the future (which improvement, to which extent):

Obstacles that might prevent the achievement of the goals (insert a short description where applicable): • Financial: • Technical: • Organisational (including skills of personnel to support activities): • Regulatory: • Political backing:


• Poor citizens’ interest and/or acquaintance (that they can contribute to improvements): • Social counter-movement (as for example: NIMBY): • Other:


Issue Mandatory Nice to have Not needed Congestions Outages Voltage Energy balancing (Other)


2.4 REDUCE COSTS OF LOCAL ENERGY SYSTEM

This section shall be filled in if the demonstration site wants to significantly reduce the costs of the grid (development, operation, power reserves, costs for connection with the external grid – if applicable, imported energy from external grid, optimisation of local production …):


Very important

Rather important

Rather unimportant

Totally unimportant

Description of current situation (excessive costs for development and operation of LES):


Obstacles that might prevent the achievement of the goals (insert a short description where applicable):

• Financial: • Technical: • Organisational (including skills of personnel to support activities): • Regulatory: • Political backing: • Poor citizens’ interest and/or acquaintance (that they can contribute to improvements): • Social counter-movement (as for example: NIMBY): • Other:


Issue (cost category) Mandatory Nice to have Not needed Grid development Grid operation & reserve power Connections with external grid Optimisation of local production (Other)



2.5 ESTABLISH/GROW/MATURE THE ENERGY COMMUNITY

2.5.1 Have an active community of consumers to perform Energy Services

Definition of “active community”: at its most basic definition an active community is a group of citizens showing interest in energy / climate topics. This group made a show of their interest and has identified members but did not take significant action (Maturity scale: 1-3)


Very important

Rather important

Rather unimportant

Totally unimportant

Description of current situation:

Goals for the future (which improvement, to which extent, criteria for success):


• Financial: • Technical (not enough ICT support tools): • Organisational (including skills of personnel to support activities): • Regulatory: • Political backing: • Poor citizens’ interest: • Social counter-movement (ex: NMBY): • Other:




2.5.2 Mobilize investments for local RES production


Very important

Rather important

Rather unimportant

Totally unimportant




• Financial:


• Technical (not enough ICT support tools): • Organisational (including skills of personnel to support activities): • Regulatory: • Political backing: • Poor citizens’ interest: • Social counter-movement (ex: NIMBY): • Other:




2.5.3 Grow a structured Community to tackle energy-related issues

A structured community is a citizen group with a clear purpose and action plan toward their energy system. The group has already performed actions in their local community. The group has a clear organigram and governance structure. (Maturity scale: 3-5)


Very important

Rather important

Rather unimportant

Totally unimportant



Obstacles that might prevent the achievement of the goals (please insert a short description): • Financial: • Technical (not enough ICT support tools): • Organisational (including skills of personnel to support activities): • Regulatory: • Political backing: • Poor citizens’ interest: • Social counter-movement (ex: NIMBY): • Other:





2.5.4 Grow a Partner Community to test innovative technologies

A Partner Community is an Energy Community that is performing energy services in its community. This organisation also showed interest in working with other actors of the energy system. The Partner Community is ready to take on the role of demonstration site for a technological project.


Very important

Rather important

Rather unimportant

Totally unimportant




• Financial: • Technical (not enough ICT support tools): • Organisational (including skills of personnel to support activities): • Regulatory: • Political backing: • Poor citizens’ interest: • Social counter-movement (ex: NIMBY): • Other:





11 ANNEX B: DESCRIPTION OF SECONDARY USE CASES

2UC-1.1 INCREASE LOCAL PRODUCTION: PLANNING

Use Case ID Level Use case name

2UC-1.1 Secondary Increase local production: planning Scope and objectives

The objective of this UC is to provide the end users and community leaders with a tool that will help them plan the most optimal sizing of RES for their needs.

Description

Summary: ValueTool will provide different actors with a way to easily make: a forecast of RES production, optimal energy or economic RES sizing (based on consumption forecast/patterns) and economic KPIs for different business models. Detail description: The level of detailed local production planning will depend on the availability of the input data needed for the calculation. It will range from simple calculations based on the data samples from pre-made datasets of measurements to more detailed forecasts or measurements that would serve as an input to the tool. The predefined datasets will cover all the important inputs needed for the basic calculations, such as: typical RES production based on the size of the panel, its location and its orientation, typical demand for single household, 4-member family, etc. The economic part of the ValueTool will be customized for all COMPILE partners countries with the possibility of adding additional countries. The ValueTool operates independently, but it could also connect to external actor’s system such as GridRule, HomeRule and EVRule.

Actors involved

• DSO-L • LES Operator • Aggregator • Final Customer • EVM Operator • EV User • Weather Information Provider

COMPILE tools involved

• ComPilot • ValueTool • CoolKit • GridRule (as off-line data source) • HomeRule (as off-line data source) • EVRule (as off-line data source)

Preconditions

ValueTool: • Historical data about operation consumption and production units inserted in the DB. • Historical data about weather information inserted in the DB. • Data about the RES support schemes and energy prices • Data about financing conditions (interest rates) • Data about RES installation (PV panel prices, connection charges, etc.) • Communication with external actors/services*

GridRule: historical data about local grid operation available HomeRule: data about final customer’s consumption/existing production available EVRule: data about EV charging consumption available

Postconditions Result of the ValueTool analysis presented in nice/easy understandable graphs and numbers/KPIs.

Triggering events End users request for calculation.

Step-by-step analysis:



2UC-1.1 Secondary Increase local production: planning StepNo Action Description

1 Input data parameters selection for RES planning

The end user selects the parameters from the drop-down menu (pre-defined values). For example: nr. of people in household, geographical location (country), type of solar panels, …

1a Input data provision RES planning

The end user can also provide their data for different parameters. For example: interest rates, prices of the panels, consumption profile, …

2 Calculation of the KPIs Based on the input parameters ValueTool executes the calculation of KPIs

3 Generation of a RES planning report

The ValueTool generates the report with the main KPIs presented nice easy understandable / user friendly manner.

Application This UC will be implemented in all pilot sites. Comments


2UC-1.2 INCREASE LOCAL PRODUCTION: DEPLOYMENT (LEGISLATION, PERMITS, SKILLS, FINANCING)


2UC-1.2 Secondary Increase local production: deployment (legislation, permits, skills, financing)

Scope and objectives

The objective of this UC is to provide “one-stop shop” for end users that are planning/thinking about investment into local RES. This UC may interact with the planning of RES (2UC-1.1).

Description

Summary: The COOLkit includes a library of the documents/examples for setting up EnC and in this UC the goal is to provide the right documents and process order to streamline the instalment of new RES. The COOLkit has a vast library of individual documents, and it can take time consuming for end-users to find them and figure out the whole RES instalment process. In this UC we will develop a simple “filter” method, which will give the user all the necessary information and links together with “step-by-step” procedure for their RES instalment plan just by selecting the country and RES technology. This UC presents next step in planning of the RES which is done in 2UC-1.1.

Actors involved

• LES Operator • Aggregator • Final Customer • Energy community

COMPILE tools involved • COOLkit

Preconditions

COOLkit: • DB of documents and links connected to legislation and permits • DB of financing options and best practices • DB of links to the responsible persons

Postconditions RES Instalment process presented in detail with all the necessary information. Triggering events • End users request.

Step-by-step analysis: StepNo Action Description

1 End-users define their RES investment

The end user selects the parameters from the drop-down menu (pre-defined options). For example: geographical location (country), type of RES, size of RES…

2 Generation of a RES deployment report

The ValueTool generates the “step-by-step” report for RES deployment with links to the documentation, tips and best practices.



2UC-2.1 REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION WHILE MAINTAINING A COMFORTABLE AND HEALTHY INDOOR ENVIRONMENT


2UC-2.1 Secondary Reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment


The objective of this UC is to increase energy efficiency and optimization of resources of the prosumers, in order to reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment.

Description

Summary: The HomeRule tool acquires information about the operation and consumption of the appliances within the prosumer’s internal network. Different type of sensors and other actuators will measure the conditions of the indoor environment, such as temperature, light, humidity, etc.

Based on this, the HomeRule tool will provide suggestions to the prosumers to try to modify their behaviour so they use in a more efficient way the different electric appliances, in order to reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment.

The COOLkit will use the aggregated data from the HomeRules in order to implement collective action strategies for the EnC and its members to modify their consumption behaviour. This UC is linked to UC2-10.2. Detail description: The HomeRule tool permanently monitors the consumption of appliances in its internal network. Based on built-in optimisation algorithms, the HomeRule periodically calculates the optimum operation plans for individual appliances in the way that users’ needs are satisfied, operation of internal network is secure, the RES production is exploited as far as possible (no production curtailment) and the costs for delivered energy are minimised (shifting of load to low-tariff periods). Additionally, the system will support its operative with information coming from sensors and appliances deployed in the premises, which will measure the indoor conditions, such as temperature, light, humidity, etc. HomeRule tool will also ask prosumers for their minimum comfortable level of temperature, light, humidity, etc., so they are not exceeded as a result of the application of an optimization algorithm. The HomeRule tool will gather all this information coming from the electric appliances, sensors, and prosumers level of comfort, and will calculate the minimum energy conditions in order to reduce energy consumption, while maintaining a comfortable and healthy environment. Additionally, COOLkit will use the aggregated data from HomeRule in order to implement collective action strategies for the EnC and its members to modify their consumption behaviour. Finally, HomeRule will integrate its load-shifting potential into the EnC by means of manual demand response campaigns via ComPilot. Complementarily to its standalone operative, HomeRule will integrate requests from the ComPilot tool that could trigger direct or indirect demand response actions from the prosumer, depending on the necessities of the EnC. Based on the information generated by HomeRule and/or ComPilot, the end user will receive messages from the App with a list of personal advices about how to reduce the consumption at home.

Actors involved

• Building owner • Final Customer • EnC • Weather Information Provider


• HomeRule • ComPilot • COOLkit



2UC-2.1 Secondary Reduce energy consumption while maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment

Preconditions

HomeRule: • Real-time data from final customers’ smart meters, home sensors and appliance. • Historical data about operation of individual appliances and about total prosumer’s

consumption inserted in DB. • User requirements and restrictions (minimum and maximum temperature environment

and water, humidity, light level, etc.) inserted in DB. • Contract (operation methods, responsibilities of each party) between Building owner and

operator of higher-level control system (ComPilot) signed and implemented. ComPilot: • Real-time data from final customers’ smart meters, community smart meters (RES), and

microgrid status. • Historical data about operation of RES and about total prosumer’s consumption inserted in

DB. • Communication with HomeRule available.

Postconditions To reduce energy consumption of final customers while increasing their energy awareness

Triggering events

• periodically, • on event: change of operation state of prosumers’ internal network, • on event: request for load modification received from ComPilot

2UC-2.1 Step-by-step analysis

StepNo Event Description

Information exchanged

From To Information exchanged

1 Periodically HomeRule acquires data from the smart meters and from the appliances and sensors

Appliances, smart meter,

sensors HomeRule

Energy consumption and

sensors data

2 Step 1

executed HomeRule calculates optimum

operation of appliances

Appliances’ load schedules, load set

points and flexibility

parameters

3 Step 2

executed

HomeRule sends recommendations in order to

reduce consumption, while maintaining a comfortable and

healthy indoor environment

HomeRule Final

Customer

Load set points, switching statuses, recommendations

Event 1

4 Event 1 ComPilot sends mDR message to

HomeRule ComPilot HomeRule

Indirect information (e.g.

peak price alert) or direct action (e.g.

reduce consumption

during next hour)

5 Step 4

executed

HomeRule acknowledges the information and introduces it

into its own operative

Energy price, consumption limit






6 Step 5

executed HomeRule informs the end user HomeRule

Final Customer

Energy price, consumption limit

Application

This UC will be implemented in Križevci. Involved actors in pilot site: • Building owner • Final Customer • Weather Information Provider

Comments


2UC-3.1 GRID INVESTMENTS: PLANNING


2UC-3.1 Secondary Grid investments: planning


The objective of this UC is to provide the DSOs, LESO and EnC with an overview of grid investment needed to support the new RES and storage installation and increase of demand due to EV development.

Description

Grid planning is a part of ValueTool, where based on the forecast of the future needs, the system is planned in a way that it could support the full integration of the new technologies. The grid planning process is based on representative forecasts/predictions of the future needs of the grid, which will be stored in ValueTool database. The representative forecasts will be determined based on the development scenarios for RES, EV and flexibility. In case that there is a grid that needs reinforcement in order to enable the integration of additional RES, storage and EV, there will be a list of possible measures with their technical characteristics and provisional cost. This will then enable quick technical and economical comparison of different grid reinforcement techniques.

Actors involved • DSO • LAU • EnC


• ValueTool • GridRule (off-line provision of data) • HomeRule (off-line provision of data) • EVRule (off-line provision of data)

Preconditions

ValueTool: • DB of grid reinforcement measures together with their costs • DB of representative forecasts/predictions of the future needs of the grid (generation,

demand, storage, EV, flexibility) GridRule: • Model of internal network (production units, storage units and major loads with their

technical characteristics) inserted in DB, • List of elements which are suitable to control inserted in DB for assessing the flexibility

capacity • Constraints in internal network (e.g. rated load of grid connection point) inserted in DB, • Historical data about operation of individual appliances and about total prosumer’s

consumption inserted in DB. HomeRule: • Consumption and RES production data available

EVRule: • EV charging patterns available

Postconditions Results of grid planning analysis: a proposal with information on types of new elements used for reinforcement or construction of new grid and the basic economic analysis.

Triggering events On request from external actor.


1 Input data parameters selection for grid planning

The EnC selects the parameters from the drop-down menu (pre-defined values). For example: nr. Of houses/apartments projected, expected population, nr. of EV, nr. of heat pumps…

2 Calculation of the KPIs Based on the input parameters ValueTool executes the calculation of grid capacity needs.

3 Generation of a grid planning report

The ValueTool generates the report that includes few scenarios with the main grid parameters that need to be taken into account.

Option 2: Grid reinforcement



2UC-3.1 Secondary Grid investments: planning

4 Input data parameters selection for grid reinforcement

The EnC chooses one of the grid issues.

5 Generation of list of possible reinforcement measures

A list of possible reinforcement measures is provided with basic information: pros and cons, approx. prices…



2UC-3.2 GRID INVESTMENTS: DEPLOYMENT (LEGISLATION, PERMITS, SKILLS, FINANCING)


2UC-3.2 Secondary Grid investments: deployment (legislation, permits, skills, financing)


The objective of this UC is to provide “one-stop shop” for EnC that are planning/thinking about investment into local grids. This UC may interact with the grid planning (2UC-3.1).

Description

Deployment of the grid investment is a time-consuming process with many administrative and legal requirements. After grid planning, where UC end user choses the type and size of grid investments, comes deployment and this UC, provides the user with “step-by-step” procedure to facilitate the deployment. A simple “filter” gives the user “step-by-step” procedure in a form of deployment manual form with links, examples and tips, which would save time for end user and enable faster deployment.

Actors involved • DSO • LAU • EnC


Preconditions

COOLkit: • DB of documents and links connected to legislation and permits • DB of financing options and best practices • DB of links to the responsible persons

Postconditions Grid investment presented in detail with all the necessary information. Triggering events On request from external actor.

Step-by-step analysis:

StepNo Action Description

1 EnC selects the country EnC selects the geographical location (country) parameter from the drop-down menu (pre-defined options).

2 Generation of a grid deployment report

The ValueTool generates the “step-by-step” report with links to the documentation, tips and best practices for faster deployment of grid investments.



2UC-4.1 GRID OPERATION: ACHIEVE SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OF MICRO-GRID


2UC-4.1 Secondary Grid operation: achieve supervision and control of microgrid Scope and objectives

The objective of this UC is to control and supervise the operation of the microgrid in presence of RES.

Description

Summary: GridRule will provide the microgrid operators and DSOs with the necessary mechanisms to calculate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to assess the correct operation of the microgrid. Specifically, the GridRule tool will deal with measures acquisition of the grid/microgrid such as Voltage [U], Active Power [P], Reactive Power [Q] from nodes, P, Q from RES production, SCADA, among others. Moreover, the tool will calculate other parameters for the control of the grid, such as forecast of RES production, consumption, community battery set-point, etc. Detail description: By means of the GridRule tool, the microgrid operators and DSOs will be able to monitor, supervise and control the microgrid. To do so, it is necessary to acquire real-time data through the read-out of the different assets deployed in the microgrid. For example, information from final customers’ smart meters (U, I, P, Q, f), HomeRule and EVRule and from the equipment deployed in other parts of the microgrid. All the data collected will be treated as personal data, dealing with GDPR rules. Moreover, the tool will be able to forecast RES production and consumption based on previously collected data. GridRule will also control feeder switches to switch into island mode. Additionally, based on characteristics of the microgrid, GridRule will enable the optimum operation of the microgrid to balance consumption/production, enable maximum RES production, improve the stability and security of grid operation (voltage control and PV production control). Moreover, additional mechanisms that improve the visibility of the grid, such as state estimation and 3-phase power flow will be implemented in order to have a better control of the grid. Based on this data, GridRule will be able to calculate Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to assess the correct operation of the grid and to send commands to manage and control the microgrid in a more efficient way. GridRule may operate independently or connected to external actor’s system such as HomeRule and EVRule.

Actors involved

• DSO-L • DSO-E • LES Operator • Aggregator • Final Customer • EVM Operator • EV User • Weather Information Provider


• GridRule • HomeRule • EVRule



2UC-4.1 Secondary Grid operation: achieve supervision and control of microgrid

Preconditions

GridRule: • Model of the microgrid (RES production units, smart meters, technical characteristics of

energy assets, topology diagram of the network, topology of the distribution substation, etc.) inserted in DB.

• Constraints of the microgrid (e.g. rated load and voltage of grid connection point) inserted in DB.

• Historical data about operation consumption and production units inserted in the DB. • Historical data about weather information inserted in the DB. • Communication between GridRule and controllable grid element and units established and

in operation. • Communication with HomeRule and EVRule available. • Communication with feeder switches. • Communication with DSO-L & DSP-E SCADA system. • Contract with DSO-L & DSO-E allowing to operate a microgrid.

HomeRule: • List of elements which are suitable to control inserted in DB. • Real-time data from final customers’ smart meters, controllable loads, production units,

storage, home sensors and appliance, etc. inserted in DB. • Historical data about operation of individual appliances and about total prosumer’s

consumption inserted in DB. • User requirements and restrictions inserted in DB. • Contract with Building owner to allow controlling loads and production while maintaining

a satisfying user service. EVRule: • Charging load constraints (e.g. rated load of charging stations and cables that feed them)

inserted in DB. • Data about past charging sessions (user ID, load patterns) exist in DB. • List of EV users’ ID exists in DB (only if charging station is used by several EV users). • Contract with EVM operator to allow shifting loads while maintaining a satisfying user

service.

Postconditions The microgrid operators will be able to monitor the status of the grid and to send commands to manage and control the microgrid in a more efficient way.

Triggering events

• periodically, • on event: congestion or over/under voltage detected





1 Periodically GridRule acquires data from microgrid and other COMPILE tools

Grid assets, smart

meters, RES units, EVRule,

HomeRule

GridRule

Microgrid, storage, consumption and production assets

operation data






2 Step 1 executed

GridRule calculates optimum operation of microgrid assets and foreseen problems (over/under

voltage, etc.)

Consumption and production units load schedule,

storage units state of charge, flexibility

parameters, system alerts

3 Step 2 executed GridRule sends operation

commands to microgrid assets and HomeRule and EVRule.

GridRule

Consumption and

production assets,

storage units, EVRule,

HomeRule

Load set points, storage units set points, switching

statuses

Event 1

4

Event 1 (power failure on

distribution substation)

Interrupted power supply from distribution substation due to

failure on middle voltage distribution substation site.

Grid assets

(distribution

substation)

GridRule System alerts


commands to feeder switches to switch into island mode.

GridRule Grid assets

(feeder switches)

Switching statuses

6 Step 5 executed GridRule sends system alerts and

operation commands to HomeRule and EVRule.

GridRule HomeRule, EVRule Switching statuses

Event 2

7

Event 2 (operation

command is sent from DSO)

GridRule calculates optimum operation of microgrid assets and foreseen problems (over/under

voltage, etc.)

GridRule DSO

Consumption and production units load schedule,

storage units state of charge, flexibility

parameters, system alerts

8 Step 7 executed Due to foreseen problems in the

grid, DSO has a possibility to cancel the GridRule operation

DSO GridRule


statuses


commands to microgrid assets and HomeRule and EVRule.

GridRule Grid assets


statuses






Application

This UC will be implemented in pilot sites Luče and Crevillent. Involved actors in pilot sites: Luče: • DSO: Elektro Celje, d.d. • LES Operator: Petrol d.d. • Aggregator: Petrol d.d. • EVM Operator: Petrol d.d. • EV User • Final customer • Weather Information Provider: Slovenian Environment Agency

Crevillent: • DSO: DISTRIBUCIÓN ELÉCTRICA CREVILLENT • LES Operator: COOPERATIVA ELECTRICA S. FCO ASIS, LA UNION ELECTRO INDUSTRIAL • EVM Operator: COOPERATIVA ELECTRICA S. FCO ASIS, LA UNION ELECTRO INDUSTRIAL • EV User • Final customer

Comments


2UC-5.1 REDUCE LES OPERATION COSTS: PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION OPTIMISATION ON MICRO-GRID LEVEL


2UC-5.1 Secondary Reduce LES operation costs: production/consumption optimisation on microgrid level


The objective of this UC is to optimize the consumption and production of electricity on the level of microgrid (i.e. before the utility meter/grid connection point). The optimization may interact with the management on prosumer level (2UC-5.2).

Description

Summary: The GridRule tool acquires information about the operation of the components and systems connected to the network, such as Distributed Energy Resources, smart meters, SCADA, storage units, etc. Based on characteristics of the microgrid and the consumption/production data/forecast, the tool will enable the optimum operation of the microgrid to balance consumption/production and power flows through distribution substation. Detail description: The GridRule tool permanently monitors the operation of the different components of the microgrid. Based on built-in optimisation algorithms, the GridRule periodically calculates the optimum operation of the community battery, production units (e.g. PV) and final prosumers of the microgrid in the way that users’ needs are satisfied. Firstly, it is necessary to calculate an estimation of the near-future state of the microgrid based on current measures, trends and forecasts to assess the impact of specific control commands or configuration changes. Secondly, to optimize the operation costs of the LES, different functionalities will be considered: • Community storage management for balancing the production and consumption, and

optimization of power flows; • Production curtailment to ensure microgrid stability and balancing the production and

consumption; • Demand Response (DR), supported by the functionality implemented in the HomeRule,

increasing consumption when the production is higher, or reducing consumption when there is less renewable energy available in the grid or in peak periods.

The GridRule may operate independently or connected to external actor’s system such as HomeRule, EVRule and ComPilot. In certain cases (e.g. DR) the use case not only involves DSO and end customers, but also e.g. retailers or cooperatives. This is because implementation of the use case may result in duration or switch-off of active power in feed or consumption at the user’s premises. Recalculation of optimum operation plans is triggered on time basis and by events that cause significant changes in internal network operation, such as unforeseen increase or decrease of total production, and of total consumption (such as weather changes or special events). The GridRule may operate independently or connected to external actor’s system such as HomeRule, EVRule and ComPilot.

Actors involved

• DSO-L • DSO-E • LES Operator • Aggregator • Final customer • Energy community • Weather Information Provider


• GridRule • HomeRule • EVRule • ComPilot (optionally)



2UC-5.1 Secondary Reduce LES operation costs: production/consumption optimisation on microgrid level

Preconditions

GridRule: • Model of the microgrid (RES production units, smart meters, technical characteristics of

energy assets, topology diagram of the network, topology of the distribution substation, etc.) inserted in DB.

• Constraints of the microgrid (e.g. rated load and voltage of grid connection point) inserted in DB.

• Historical data about operation consumption and production units inserted in the DB. • Historical data about weather information inserted in the DB. • Communication between GridRule and controllable grid element and units established and

in operation. • Communication among GridRule, HomeRule, EVRule, and ComPilot available. • Communication with feeder switches. • Communication with DSO-L & DSP-E SCADA system. • Contract with DSO-L & DSP-E to allow operating a microgrid.

Postconditions Optimal balance between consumption and production in the microgrid. Triggering events

• periodically, • on event: curtailment forecast





1 Periodically GridRule acquires data from

microgrid and other COMPILE tools

Grid assets, DER, smart

meters, storage units,

SCADA, EVRule,

HomeRule

GridRule

Storage, consumption and production assets operation data, DER operation data, microgrid

status

2 Step 1 executed

GridRule generates consumption and production

forecast and calculates the optimal operation that

maximizes its objectives (e.g. penetration of RES, reduction of

CO2 emissions)

Consumption and production

forecast, optimization

results


commands to microgrid assets and HomeRule and EVRule

GridRule

Consumption and

production assets, EVRule,

HomeRule

Storage units set points, load set

points, switching statuses

Event 1






4 Event 1 (over voltage)

Due to oversupply there is an over voltage in the microgrid.

Grid assets, DER, SCADA GridRule

Storage, consumption and production assets operation data, DER operation data, microgrid status

5 Step 4 executed GridRule sends operation commands to HomeRule or DER. GridRule HomeRule,

DER

Production unit set point, storage units set points, load set points

Application

This UC will be implemented in pilot sites Luče and Crevillent. Involved actors in pilot sites: Luče: • DSO: Elektro Celje, d.d. • LES Operator: Petrol d.d. • Aggregator: Petrol d.d. • Final customer • Weather Information Provider: Slovenian Environment Agency

Crevillent: • DSO: DISTRIBUCIÓN ELÉCTRICA CREVILLENT • LES Operator: COOPERATIVA ELECTRICA S. FCO ASIS, LA UNION ELECTRO INDUSTRIAL • Final customer

Comments


2UC-5.2 REDUCE LES OPERATION COSTS: PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION OPTIMISATION ON PROSUMER LEVEL


2UC-5.2 Secondary Reduce LES operation costs: production/consumption optimisation on prosumer level


The objective of this UC is to optimize the consumption and production of electricity on the level of prosumer or self-consumer (i.e. behind the utility meter / grid connection point). The optimization may interact with the management of microgrid (2UC-5.1) to which the prosumer’s or self-consumer’s internal network is connected.

Description

Summary: The HomeRule tool acquires information about operation of appliances (production units (e.g. PV), loads or storage units) within the prosumer’s or self-consumer’s internal network. Based on characteristics of internal network (grid connection rated power, technical characteristics of prosumer’s or self-consumer’s appliances) and user’s (building owner’s) needs the tool determines optimum operation of individual production units, loads or storage units in the way that: • Internal network constraints are not violated, • User’s needs are not significantly violated, • User’s home RES production is maximized, • Total building’s costs for electricity are minimised, • Grid stability of the grid is not violated

Detail description: The HomeRule tool permanently monitors the operation of production units, loads or storage units in its internal network. Based on built-in optimisation algorithms the HomeRule periodically calculates the optimum operation plans for individual appliances in the way that users’ needs are satisfied, operation of internal network is secure, the RES production is exploited as far as possible and the costs for delivered energy are minimised. Considering that grid stability of the grid is not violated. Depending on the state of the energy flows in the object, relevant control commands are sent by HomeRule to individual appliances in the form of set points or switching statuses (depending on type of appliance). Recalculation of operation plans is triggered on time basis and by events that cause significant changes in internal network operation, such as unforeseen increase or decrease of internal production, weather changes or connection/disconnection of an EV. HomeRule may operate independently or is connected to external actor’s system (higher-level control system: GridRule or, if GridRule not implemented, any other system that can influence the operation on the prosumer’s or self-consumer’s level - ComPilot, DSO’s grid management system, aggregator). If adaption of prosumer’s or self-consumer’s operation is required by higher-level system, HomeRule recalculates the operation plans and issues appropriate commands to individual appliances (Alternative A or Alternative B).

Actors involved

• Building owner • Final customer • EV user • EVRule Operator • DSO-L & DSO-E • Aggregator • Energy supplier • Weather Information Provider


• HomeRule • EVRule • GridRule or ComPilot (optionally Alternative A)



2UC-5.2 Secondary Reduce LES operation costs: production/consumption optimisation on prosumer level

Preconditions

HomeRule: • Model of internal network (production units, storage units and major loads with their

technical characteristics) inserted in DB, • List of elements which are suitable to control inserted in DB. • Constraints in internal network (e.g. rated load of grid connection point) inserted in DB, • Real-time data from final customers’ smart meters, controllable loads, production units,

storage, home sensors and appliance, etc. inserted in DB. • Historical data about operation of individual appliances and about total prosumer’s

consumption inserted in DB. • User requirements (e.g. ranges of indoor and hot water temperature) inserted in DB, • Communication between HomeRule and controllable appliances (including EVRule and

SLAM, if applicable) established and in operation, • Contract (operation methods, responsibilities of each party) between Building owner and

operator of higher-level control system (GridRule, etc.) signed and implemented, • Contract with Building owner to allow controlling loads and production while maintaining

a satisfying user service. • Communication between HomeRule and higher-level control system (e.g. GridRule)

established and in operation. EVRule: • Charging load constraints (e.g. rated load of charging stations and cables that feed them)

inserted in DB. • Data about past charging sessions (user ID, load patterns) exist in DB. • List of EV users’ ID exists in DB (only if charging station is used by several EV users). • Contract with EVM operator to allow shifting loads while satisfying user requirements.

Postconditions The prosumer’s or self-consumer’s internal network operates in an optimum way from point of view of prosumer, self-consumer and external actor (higher-level system).

Triggering events

• periodically, • on event: change of operation state of prosumers’ or self-consumer’s internal network, • on event: request for load modification received from external actor

2UC-5.2 Step-by-step analysis StepNo Event Description



1 Periodically HomeRule acquires data from internal network

Appliances, smart meter, EVRule

HomeRule Appliances’ and EVRule operation data

2 Step 2 executed HomeRule calculates optimum operation of appliances

Appliances’ load schedules and flexibility parameters

3 Step 3 executed HomeRule sends operation commands to appliances HomeRule Appliances,

EVRule Load set points, switching statuses

Event 1

4 Event 1 (new EV connected)

EV User connects the EV, requires for charging and inserts departure time (via smartphone or charging station UI)

EV User EVRule EV user ID, Departure time


2UC-5.2 Step-by-step analysis StepNo Event Description

Information exchanged From To Information exchanged

5 Step 4 executed EVRule retrieves data on past charging sessions from long-term database

Long-term charging database (EVRule)

EVRule EV User’s historical charging data

6 Step 5 executed EVRule calculates required energy and determines the charging plan

Charging load schedule, flexibility parameters

7 Step 6 executed EVRule sends charging plan to HomeRule EVRule HomeRule Charging load schedule,

flexibility parameters 8 Return to Step 2 Till execution of Step 3

9 Step 3 executed EVRule re-calculates charging plan Charging load schedule

Step 9 executed EVRule sends charging load set point to charging station

EVRule Charging station Charging load set point

Alternative A (HomeRule adapts prosumer’s or self-consumer’s operation to the needs of external actor):

2.A.1 Step 1 HomeRule sends prosumer’s operation plan to GridRule

HomeRule GridRule Prosumer’s or self-consumer’s load schedule, flexibility parameters

2.A.2 Step 2.A.1 GridRule returns required load schedule GridRule HomeRule

Required prosumer’s or self-consumer’s load schedule

2.A.3 Step 2.A.2 HomeRule recalculates optimum operation of appliances

Appliances’ load schedules

Alternative B (HomeRule adapts prosumer’s or self-consumer’s operation to the needs of external actor):

2.B.1 Step 1

GridRule sends microgrid operation data (e.g. voltage status, islanding mode status, etc.) to HomeRule

GridRule HomeRule Required prosumer’s or self-consumer’s load schedule

2.B.2 Step 2.A.1 HomeRule recalculates optimum operation of appliances

Appliances’ load schedules

Application

This UC will be implemented in pilot sites Luče and Križevci. Involved actors in pilot sites: Luče: • DSO: Elektro Celje, d.d. • Aggregator: Petrol d.d. • Energy supplier: Petrol d.d. • EVRule Operator: Petrol d.d. • Final Customers • Weather Information Provider: Slovenian Environment Agency

Križevci: • Building owner • DSO / aggregator: HEP ODS • EVRule Operator

Comments


2UC-5.3 REDUCE LES OPERATION COSTS: INTRODUCE SERVICES FOR EXTERNAL ACTORS


2UC-5.3 Secondary Reduce LES operation costs: introduce services for external actors Scope and objectives

The objective of this UC is to reduce LES operation costs by means of the development of the services for other external users to ensure a stable and secure operation of smart grids.

Description

Summary: Smart grids are about stakeholders supplying each other services, e.g. a retailer or aggregator that ‘buys’ flexibility from its prosumers and offers it to a DSO in order to avoid congestion, or an aggregator who provides demand response services to its customers in order to reduce energy billing. To facilitate the interaction between stakeholders, the services between them must stand up to criteria and standards. Detail description: This use case is about the contractual negotiations between the different stakeholders in the smart grid environment to provide external services that will reduce LES operation costs. The external services to be provided are usually related to the interaction about the use of flexibility between different actors such as aggregator, prosumer, DSO, LES operator, EV user, etc. Based on the status of the grid or foreseen grid problems, signals will be sent to intermediate actor who will manage LES or end users’ internal grid by means of the GridRule, HomeRule and EVRule tools, to offer or buy flexibility or other services for the grid. This use case will also take advantage of the fact that all communication among COMPILE tools is performed using a common enterprise service bus (ESB) and pre-defined data model. to participate in the value chain of COMPILE, an external actor will only have to integrate with this communication system—once permission have been granted after filing the corresponding contracts.

Actors involved

• Final customers • LES Operator • Aggregator • Energy supplier • EV user • EVRule Operator • DSO-L & DSP-E


• GridRule • HomeRule • EVRule • ComPilot (optionally)

Preconditions

• External actor has the legal agreement to participate in the COMPILE ecosystem. • External actor has the technical infrastructure to connect to the COMPILE ESB. • EnC is mature enough to provide services to external actors. • EnC has advanced experience with COMPILE tools. • Each COMPILE tool has its own internal requisites—in terms of data access, actuation

permissions, etc.—fulfilled.

Postconditions Services to external actors (e.g. aggregator, DSO) are provided while maintaining the quality of the LES operation. Profit made is reinvested in LES and its management, thus reducing the cost.

Triggering events

• on event: external actor requests a service from the EnC






Event 1

1 Event 1

External actor (DSO, retailer, aggregator, etc.) sends a service request to one or more COMPILE

tools via COMPILE ESB.

External DSO,

retailer, aggregator,

etc.

GridRule, EVRule,

HomeRule, ComPilot

Service request

2 Step 1 executed Each COMPILE tool involved

informs its corresponding administrator about the request.

GridRule, EVRule,

HomeRule, ComPilot

LES Operator,

Energy cooperative,

EVRule operator, Building owner

Service request information

3 Step 2 executed

COMPILE tool administrator accepts or rejects the operation. If accepted, the additional details of the service provision (conditions,

price, etc.) are also defined.

LES Operator,

Energy cooperative,


External DSO,


etc.

Service request confirmation or

denial

Event 2

4 At the time of

execution of the service

COMPILE tool performs the necessary actions to provide the

agreed service to the external actor

GridRule, EVRule,

HomeRule, ComPilot

Smart meters,

local appliances,

RES, storage devices, EV

charging station

Command signals, set points

Event 3

5 At the time of ending of the

service

COMPILE tool reverses the actions of those appliances that have to be

manually be returned to normal functioning

GridRule, EVRule,

HomeRule, ComPilot

Smart meters,

local appliances,

RES, storage devices, EV

charging station

Command signals, set points






6 Step 5 executed

COMPILE tool creates a summary of the service provided and

informs its administrator (and optionally the external actor)

GridRule, EVRule,

HomeRule, ComPilot

LES Operator,

Energy cooperative,


External DSO,


etc.

Report of the service provided

Alternative 3.A (No confirmation needed from COMPILE tool administrator)

3.A.1 Step 2 executed

COMPILE tool automatically accepts or rejects the service

request. If accepted, the additional details of the service provision (conditions, price, etc.) are also

defined automatically.

GridRule, EVRule,

HomeRule, ComPilot

External DSO,


etc.

Service request confirmation or

denial

Application

This UC will be implemented in pilot sites Luče. Involved actors in pilot site: • DSO: Elektro Celje, d.d. • Aggregator: Petrol d.d. • EVRule Operator: Petrol d.d. • LES Operator: Petrol d.d. • Energy Supplier: Petrol d.d. • Final customers • Weather Information Provider: Slovenian Environment Agency

Comments


2UC-6.1 INCREASE CITIZENS AWARENESS: ENVIRONMENT, RES, CONSUMPTION, GRID OPERATION, COLLECTIVE APPROACH


2UC-6.1 Secondary Increase citizens awareness: environment, RES, consumption, grid operation, collective approach


The objective of this UC is to increase the collective awareness of local citizens about energy-related topics and to enhance collective approaches in general in order to ensure a potential engagement in the energy community. This UC is specifically related to the 2UC-6.2 on the individual engagement of the community participants.

Description

The COOLkit is offering several collective action scheme models to local citizen groups, making them aware of possible options and supporting their decision of the transition they want to implement within their territory. The ComPilot tool offers a reporting feature to support the decision-making process among citizens who are part of the energy community and helps the leadership group to align the needs of the territory with the interests and expectations of members of the energy community. As part of the development of the energy community, the community leadership group will use the base reporting provided by ComPilot, specifically linked to the grid planning, balance of consumption and production, and related local needs. This will help to present possible opportunities and translate those to new business models in the transition forum process. This process will guide the decision on actions for the energy community. In the financing guide of the COOLkit the community leaders will find several examples of collective action schemes based on the assessment made with the ComPilot. Those collective decisions will then trigger the discussions with the other actors of the local energy system (DSO, municipality, EV manager, etc.).

Actors involved

• Energy Community • Final Customers • Local authority • EVRule Operator • DSO or aggregator


• COOLkit • ComPilot

Preconditions • ComPilot: able to produce reports on aggregated consumption and production in the area

of the community and at the sub-station level. • ComPilot: able to produce reporting on the planning needs for the grid.

Postconditions The leadership team has at its disposal the necessary elements to take an investment decision and to inform their members of the grid and territory constraints.

Triggering events None, as increasing awareness is a continuous activity

Steps to be taken: • Select a collective action scheme that caters to the needs, interests and expectations of community members

and leaders • Set regular intervals for base reporting

Application This UC will be implemented in all pilot sites Comments


2UC-6.2 INCREASE CITIZEN PARTICIPATION


2UC-6.2 Secondary Increase citizen participation


The objective of this UC is to increase the individual knowledge of the citizens on energy and transition topics. This UC looks at information and actions to raise overall citizens’ awareness of the opportunities to actively participate in the energy sector, with the final aim to increase willingness for active participation in the local energy community. This UC is specifically related to 2UC-6.1 about the collective engagement of the community participants. However, the present 2UC-6.2 focuses on residents in the geographical region where the energy community is active, whereas 2UC-6.1 addresses those residents who already participate in the energy community.

Description

The engagement strategy deployed in the pilot and replication site will include public meetings. The goal of those meetings is to reach local inhabitants in order to explain to them the potential of their neighbourhoods and communities for energy related activities, the direct benefits they can gain from those activities, and how the activities enable them to achieve their personal values for environmental protection and social collaboration. The best practices guide of the COOLkit will include a range of inspirational examples of communities, which the community leaders can use to engage their fellow community members.

Actors involved

• Energy Community • Final Customer • EVRule Operator • DSO or aggregator


Preconditions Address list, maildrop, newsletter, regular community meetings, or other means for distributing personal meeting invitations to citizens.

Postconditions

A significant portion of the local population should be aware of the main challenges, and opportunities of their energy system. Those citizens understand their local energy community as a meaningful and effective tool to put their ambitions for participating in the energy system into practice. Those citizens promote the energy community by discussing and recommending it in their social network.

Triggering events The trigger should be a public meeting supported by local community leaders.

Steps to be taken: • Establish an engagement strategy, including the identification of target groups and appropriate

communication formats • Carry out public meetings (the best practice guide of the COOLkit may be used)

Application This UC will be implemented in all pilot sites through the community engagement strategy

Comments


2UC-7.1 CREATE AN ENERGY COMMUNITY (GOALS, CITIZENS ENGAGEMENT, ORGANISATIONAL APPROACH, ACTIVITY ROADMAP)


2UC-7.1 Secondary Create an energy community (goals, citizens engagement, organisational approach, activity roadmap)


The objective of this UC is to engage local actors in the pilot sites in order to create an Energy Community. This UC builds on 2UC-6.2 and 2UC-6.2, and feeds into the 2UC-7.4 and 2UC-7.5.

Description

This UC is centred around the collective creation of an energy community. This creation process is a bottom-up and a citizen-driven co-creation process, supported by members of the COMPILE consortium. Throughout this process, the local actors will collectively decide on the following issues: • What is the goal of their energy community? • What kind of project will they implement collectively? • What are suitable business models? • What means and resources do they have at their disposal in order to deliver this project

(this includes the selection of the COMPILE tools that will be deployed in the pilot and replication sites)?

• Which governance model will they put in place in order to manage themselves? In which sequence will these actions be implemented, in order to provide for interdependencies between specific actions?

• What actions will they take to address their stated goals? The core group can use all the reports of the COOLkit to inspire, structure and inform their members of the possible collective action schemes.

Actors involved

• Energy Community • Local authority • Final Customer • DSO • Energy Supplier • ComPilot Operator / Aggregator


Preconditions N/A

Postconditions

Local actors have formed a collective action group on one or more topics in the energy sector to support the development of their territory. Local actors have a shared understanding of their common goals, planned activities and governance procedures. Ideally, this shared understanding is manifested in written form in a mission statement, community website, or similar.

Triggering events Launch of the engagement process

Steps to be taken: • Establish an engagement plan for/with relevant actors in order to develop a common strategy • Carry our relevant interaction formats (meetings, workshops etc.) • Establish a written document laying down the shared vision and activities of the different actors • Establish an action plan with detailed sequence and scope of specific activities

Application This UC will be implemented in all pilot sites Comments


2UC-7.2 ESTABLISH A LEGAL STRUCTURE


2UC-7.2 Secondary Establish a legal structure


The goal of the UC is to select, to create and to run a relevant legal form for the energy communities created by the COMPILE project. This needs to be embedded in relevant EU and national legal and regulatory frameworks. This UC is related to 2UC-7.1 because a legal form is a part of realisation of a collective project created in the pilot and replication sites. In this sense, this UC is also related to other UCs addressing more specific aspects, e.g. 2UC-7.3 on democratic governance, 2UC-6.2 on citizen participation, or 2UC-8.1 on financing.

Description

The process of selection of the legal structure under which an energy community is organized primarily consists of choosing a suitable corporate form, or a combination thereof (e.g. cooperative, limited liability company, association etc.). This choice depends on, and impacts, a range of practical aspects of the energy community generally determining the rights, responsibilities and obligations of and legal relationships between the different actors (within the energy community and with external actors). Specifically, this concerns e.g.: • Possible members (natural persons and different types of legal persons) • Options to establish contracts with external actors (e.g. market services) as well as between

community members (e.g. energy sharing, rights and modalities for opt-out) • Liability of individuals and involved organisations • Possibilities for financing (e.g. capital market provisions in relation to the chosen corporate

form in the case of crowd funding) • Rights for tax benefits, subsidies or other state funding schemes • Operational requirements relating to democratic governance such as mandatory plenary

meetings, voting rights of members, effective control provisions and other • Additional operational requirements relating to grid management, electricity supplier

status etc.

Actors involved • Energy Community and its members • Public bodies responsible for granting/registering the corporate format • National lawyers


Preconditions

• The Energy Community members must be identified • The desired democratic governance system must be selected or identified • Suitable national legal frameworks need to be in place • The legal analysis of the national environment must be determined

Postconditions The Energy Community is benefitting from a formal organisation. Triggering events The core group of the Energy Community decides to formalize their activity

Steps to be taken: • Define the aimed governance system among energy community members (including considerations on the

above listed aspects) • Assess the suitable organisational forms based on the national legal situation • Define the core actors of the energy community to be involved in the formal organisation • Establish, potentially with the support of national lawyers and in coordination with the relevant public

bodies, the legal organization of the community.

Application This UC will be implemented specifically in demonstration sites Križevci and Luče, and in replicant site Rafina

Comments


2UC-7.3 ESTABLISH A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE


2UC-7.3 Secondary Establish a democratic governance


The goal of the UC is to produce and collectively validate a democratic governance procedure for the energy communities created by the COMPILE project. This UC is related to 2UC-7.1 in relationship with the fact that this governance structure must reflect the needs of a collective project created in the pilot and replication sites. This UC is related to 2UC-7.2 in relationship with the fact that a legal structure is the formal expression of the democratic governance system implemented by the citizens collective.

Description

There is no perfect democratic governance structure that uniformly applies to all energy communities; the choice of a governance framework is up to the members of each specific energy community according to their preferences and capabilities. The process of creation of the governance structure starts from the core group of the Energy Community, i.e. a small circle of citizens who step up to take a leadership and management position. The core group must take stock of the groups and their particular interests that need to be integrated in the governance of the energy community. Moreover, the core group must engage in a dialogue with all groups in order to clarify which management decisions require information, consultation or a vote of all community members. The next step is to use the COOLkit examples and templates for statutes included in the Stakeholder Engagement guide, in order to select the most suitable type of governance. Once the template governance structure is selected, it must be checked and adapted according to the national legal requirements in the legal form chosen by the members of the energy community. The COOLkit Stakeholder Engagement guide also includes a checklist of major points to consider in order to create a balanced governance structure (e.g. defining how community leaders are elected and which decision power they hold). The structure built and approved by the core group will then be submitted to the members of the energy community.

Actors involved • Energy Community • Municipality as the most proximal state authority • Final Customer


Preconditions

• The Energy Community must be created • A core group must be formed, either as a coalition of engaged volunteers or through

election by community members • The legal form must have been selected or identified • The legal analysis of the national environment must be done

Postconditions The governance structure conforms to criteria of open debate, inclusiveness, accountability and transparency.

Triggering events The core group of the Energy Community decides to formalize their activity.

Steps to be taken: • Engage the relevant stakeholders in a dialogue on the relevant governance questions • Establish an agreed governance structure considering also legal options and requirements (simultaneously

with 2UC-7.2) Application This UC will be implemented in all pilot sites Comments


2UC-7.4 CREATE A STRUCTURED COMMUNITY (GOALS, LEGISLATION, ORGANISATION, ACTIVITY ROADMAP)


2UC-7.4 Secondary Create a structured community (goals, legislation, organisation, activity roadmap)


The objective of this UC is to structure the energy community into a group, capable of taking an active and legal role in the local energy system. The consortium will look into supporting the existing energy community groups to grow into a recognisable market player with a clear role and value added for the local community. This UC is strongly linked to results of 2UC-7.1, 2UC-7.2, 2UC-7.3 and feeds into the 2UC-7.5.

Description

This UC is bringing together the activities performed by the consortium to bring the energy community to the next level of maturity. The energy community will now take a formal role in the local energy system based on their collective choice. The goal of this UC is first and foremost to validate the growth of the Energy Community by performing a financial, legal and technical assessment of the activities of the Energy Community. This assessment identifies the core activities of the energy community that are in line with its original goals and can be maintained regularly, in order to be consolidated as cornerstones of the community’s business model. The Energy Community is already stable enough to examine the possibility to perform additional activities, expanding on these cornerstones. A diversified portfolio makes the community more robust against adverse, unforeseen market developments, and enables it to assume a central role in energy islands. COOLkit, ValueTool as well as innovative business models developed in COMPILE will support the internal discussions to expand the role of the Energy Community into new activities and grow their reach in the local community.

Actors involved

• Energy Community • Local Authority (Municipality) • Final Customer • DSO • Energy Supplier • LESO / Aggregator


• COOLkit • ValueTool

Preconditions

• The Energy Community must be established • The first energy related project must be delivered to regular operation • The Energy Community must have a legal form • The Energy Community must have clear internal processes

Postconditions The Energy Community is starting to explore additional services and expending the share of local citizens that are part of its members. The community acquires or outsources the legal/technical/… expertise necessary for these additional services.

Triggering events N/A

Steps to be taken: • Define, potentially supported by an assessment of needs among the relevant groups, the economic activities

of the energy community • Assess the market potential of annexe activities • Identify the required expertise and attribute this and the relevant responsibilities to the different actors

(energy community itself, outsourcing …) Application This UC will be implemented specifically in Križevci. Comments


2UC-7.5 MATURE A STRUCTURED COMMUNITY (GOALS, APPROACH TOWARDS OTHER ACTORS, NEW TECHNOLOGIES, DIVERSITY OF SERVICES)


2UC-7.5 Secondary Mature a structured community (goals, approach towards other actors, new technologies, diversity of services)


The objective of this UC is to grow and replicate the Energy Community concepts. The consortium will look to revitalize governance structures and links to the members for mature energy communities. This UC is strongly linked to the work done in 2UC-7.3, specifically relating to the democratic governance system, and 2UC-6.2 to increase citizen participation.

Description

In order to reach our goal of local replication, we will support the Energy Community to engage more members and revitalize its governance structure. This UC will examine the ways to recreate a strong link between the leadership team of the energy community and the members. Specifically, we will look at governance links, new activities and member ownership, retaining a stable and diverse membership base as well as the links with external actors such as the municipalities, market actors and DSOs. We will aim at integrating multiple activities of the Energy Community in order to provide transition solutions and a range of services and activities, tailored to all pilot sites’ needs.

Actors involved

• Energy Community • Local Authority (Municipality) • Final Customer • DSO • Energy Supplier • LES Operator / Aggregator

COMPILE tools involved • All

Preconditions The Energy Community must be already mature and tackle several roles in the LES

Postconditions New groups of actors are getting engaged in order to support a global transition project of the Energy Community. The community is recognised as an equal, eye-level market player by other actors in its territory.

Triggering events none

Steps to be taken: • Identify and involve relevant additional local and regional actors to be involved in the energy community’s

activities • Assess strengths and weaknesses in the current relationship between leadership team and community

members • Identify and involve actors at broader geographical scale in order to spread the activities of the energy

community and to facilitate replication Application This UC will be implemented specifically in Crevillent. Comments


2UC-8.1 PROVISION OF FINANCIAL SOURCES FOR INVESTMENTS AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES


2UC-8.1 Secondary Provision of financial sources for investments and community activities


The objective of this UC is to provide the information and good examples of different options of financing the investments for community activities.

Description

The UC goal is to provide an overview of financing options for investments and community activities within COOLkit. The financing options will be presented in general and country specific with all the needed information (links and contacts). New ways of financing the activities, like crowdfunding mechanisms will be presented together with detailed real-life examples from COMPILE partners (e.g. Križevci). The information provided by this UC will support/justify the economic parameters or inputs needed for ValueTool Business Model analysis.

Actors involved

• Energy Community • Final Customer • LES Operator • Aggregator • Energy supplier • DSO


• ValueTool • COOLkit

Preconditions

COOLkit: • DB of examples of innovative financing options. • DB of contacts and links to the financial institutions that can help provide the finances.

ValueTool: • DB of economic input parameters per country (interest rates, subventions, etc).

Postconditions Structured description of financing options. Triggering events

/


1 Identification of RES investment by end-user

The end user chooses the RES investment he is interested in and country he is from.

2 Generation of the report on provision of financial sources

The ValueTool generates the report of the possible investment options that are available for end-user in his country together with tips, best practices and examples of alternative financing options.

Application This UC will be customized/modified for all pilot sites. Comments This UC relates to 2UC-1.1 and 2UC-1.2 and will support the ValueTool BM analysis.


2UC-9.1 ENHANCE RELATIONSHIPS TO GRID ACTORS


2UC-9.1 Secondary Enhance relationships to grid actors Scope and objectives

The objective of this UC is to support grid actors to understand the concept and benefits of energy communities.

Description

The COOLkit will include a specific guide for the DSO which will include an explanation of the various forms of energy communities, an overview of potential benefits, and strategy to engage local citizens to help them solve the network problems. The technical benefits of EnC in the guide will be supported by the real-life examples and simulations made with ValueTool.

Actors involved

• DSO • LES • Energy Community • Municipality • Final Customer


• COOLkit • ValueTool

Preconditions N/A

Postconditions The DSOs are informed about the concepts and potential benefits of EnC and are supporting the creation of EnC and activating citizens, final customers.

Triggering events

/


1 Identification of EnC goals The EnC members define the goals that they want to achieve and the provisional roadmap

2 Identification of RES investments

The EnC members define what RES investments they would like to make (type, size, location).

3 Presentation of the RES investment to the grid actor

The EnC presents the plans of RES investment to the grid operator

4 Identification of needed grid reinforcement

The grid operator calculates the feasibility of the planned investments and determines if there is a need for grid reinforcement

5 Active discussion on the grid operation between EnC and grid operator

The EnC gets actively involved in the operation of the grid and helps the grid operator in finding the best solution for the grid reinforcement and RES installation

Application This UC will be customized/modified for all pilot sites

Comments This UC and DSO guide will consolidate the results of various COMPILE activities and technical analysis.


2UC-9.2 ENHANCE RELATIONSHIPS TO ENERGY MARKET ACTORS


2UC-9.2 Secondary Enhance relationships to energy market actors


The scope of this UC is to support Energy Community to establish contacts and conduct negotiations with energy market actors. The objective is to counsel the EnC how and in which fields to approach the energy actors and establish active cooperation with the final goal to achieve additional benefits for both parties. The 2UC-9.2 is linked to 2UC-5.3 (Reduce LES operation costs: introduce services for external actors).

Description

Brief summary: the UC gives instructions to EnC how to approach the energy market actors, and in which fields of relationship with energy market actors the benefits for EnC can be achieved in a most effective way. Energy market actors are closely connected with Final Customers (FC) and through them to EnC. They are not only supplying energy to Final Customers (acting as Energy Suppliers - ESP), but can be involved also in other EnC’s activities, such as implementation of energy efficiency schemes, and (acting as an Aggregator - AGGR) provision of additional services to other actors. The COOLkit will include a specific guide for the energy actors which will contain an explanation of the various forms of energy communities, and an overview of fields of potential cooperation between EnC and energy actors that could bring benefits to both parties, as for example: • Provision of energy data (consumption/production patterns) analysis by EnC to

ESP: it enables ESP to increase accuracy of consumption prediction for its FCs which results in reduction of costs for imbalance settlement;

• EnC can act as an intermediate party in negotiations with ESP (if the national legislation allows it) where the conditions for energy supply can be negotiated with ESP on a bulk level, i.e. for all ESP’s Final Customers that are members of EnC. This activity leads, due to economy of scale, to reduced energy prices for EnC members;

• EnC can encourage its members to join the energy services schemes (e.g. provision of flexibility, load shedding schemes) and serve as an agent towards energy market actors (Aggregators), thus mediating between FCs and AGGR. The AGGR offers the services further to other (above all grid) actors, where a part of financial benefits deriving from these services is allocated to AGGR and further to EnC members (FCs);

In interaction with energy market actors the EnC will justify (support) its positions by examples and analysis provided by ValueTool.

Actors involved

• Energy Community • Final Customers • Energy Suppliers • Aggregator

COMPILE tools involved COOLkit, ValueTool, ComPilot

Preconditions

• EnC established (2UC-7.2) • A structured EnC created (2UC-7.4) in order to precisely define the goals that

EnC intends to achieve, and to determine the way of approach towards energy market actors

• Contractual relationship between different actors (EnC, ESP, AGGR, FC)

Postconditions The EnC establishes active cooperation with energy market actors which results in achievement of its goals (above all reduction of electricity supply prices and increase of additional benefits due to provision of energy services to ESP / AGGR).




Events

The activities of EnC related to 2UC-9.2 are triggered by decision of EnC to approach actively and in an organized way the energy market actors with the intention to achieve its goals. The incentive for the cooperation can also come from energy market actors. The process is continuous: at any time, the EnC or energy market actor can decide to expand the scope of cooperation.

Step-by-step analysis The steps do not necessarily follow in described order. The execution of this UC is an ongoing process where certain activities can be performed in parallel or are omitted. Thus, the steps described below represent the instructions (serving as action list / reminder) to EnC which actions can be taken in establishing and enhancing relationships to energy market actors. StepNo Action Description

1 Identification of EnC goals

The EnC members define the goals that they want to achieve and the provisional roadmap

2 Identification of energy market related goals The EnC identifies the goals that need interaction with energy market actors

3

Decision of EnC to approach actively and in

an organized way the energy market actors

Identification of energy market actors that are already or potentially active on the area covered by EnC;

Determination of EnC bodies (members) that will communicate with energy market actors in relation to individual energy market related EnC’s goals

4 Provision of energy data to ESP

4a Overview of data Identification of energy data (production/consumption) available to EnC;

Are there any further analysis of these data available to EnC (e.g. from ComPilot), that could be of benefit for the ESP?

4b Identification of ESP’s interest in using EnC’s

inputs

Contacts with ESP to determine if the ESP is interested in EnC’s data and in results of analysis

4c Negotiations with ESP Agreement between EnC and ESP on terms of provision of data to ESP (price or other benefits for EnC, data formats, …)

4d Contractual agreement reached Contracts between EnC and ESP are signed

5 Energy supply prices

5a Legislation analysis Examination if the national legislation allows collective approach of Final Customers in relation to energy supply (purchase)

5b Identification of

interested members of EnC

Do the EnC members support a collective approach to ESP (i.e. are they willing to leave the EnC bodies the right to negotiate the energy price in their

name)?

5c Collection of data Calculation of energy quantities (energy purchased by Final Customers,

aggregated by each ESP; present and future) of EnC members that agree with collective approach (supported by ComPilot)

5d Analysis of potential benefits for EnC

Preliminary determination of potential benefits (reduction of delivery price) due to collective approach (supported by ValueTool)

5e Negotiations with ESPs,

contracts on supply conditions

In the name of Final Customers, the EnC representatives negotiate with ESPs (note: different ESPs can supply energy to EnC members) the terms of energy supply. Present and planned quantities (from action 5c) shall be considered

as well as potential increase of energy delivery portfolio (e.g. due to additional FCs that could potentially join the collective energy purchase

scheme). Other benefits offered by ESPs (e.g. support of ESP to energy saving measures) shall also be considered




5f Increase of contracted energy

If (considerably) lower prices are reached due to collective approach: EnC performs actions to attract additional FCs to join the collective scheme;

EnC analyses if merging of FCs having contracts with different ESPs would bring additional benefits (economy of scale – the best results for the EnC

would be achieved if all EnC members are supplied by one single ESP); EnC calculates new supply quantities and re-negotiates the terms of delivery

with ESPs

5g Contractual agreement reached Contracts between EnC and ESP are signed

6 Energy services

6a Feasibility assessment

EnC analyses (with support of ComPilot) the technical conditions in the LES and the readiness of EnC members to provide energy services (i.e. flexibility, load shedding) to grid and energy market actors, and identifies the feasible

services

6b Identification of needs and actors

EnC researches if the services identified in action 6a are needed on the market of services and identifies the potential beneficiaries (final, or

aggregators) of these services

6c Negotiations with actors EnC representatives negotiate with final beneficiaries or aggregators the

terms of delivery of services offered by EnC members (technical conditions, determination of execution of services, remunerations)

6d Contractual agreement reached Contracts between EnC and ESP or AGGR are signed

Application This UC will be implemented in demonstration sites Luče, Križevci and Crevillent, and in replicant site Lisbon.

Comments This UC and market actors guide will consolidate the results of various COMPILE activities.


2UC-9.3 ENHANCE RELATIONSHIPS TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT


2UC-9.3 Secondary Enhance relationships to local government


The objective of this UC is to support municipalities to understand the benefits, structures and forms of energy communities. Our goal is to support municipalities looking to support the emergence of energy community groups in the territory.

Description

COOLkit will include a specific guide for the municipalities with strategy to encourage the growth of energy communities in their territory. This guide will include an explanation of the various forms of energy communities, an overview of potential benefits, and strategy to engage local citizens. In particular, the wider benefits for the municipality will be outlined, including emission reductions, job creation or increased social cohesion.

Actors involved • Energy Community • Local Authority (Municipality) • Final Customer


Preconditions N/A

Postconditions The municipalities are informed and support the emergence of energy community groups. Triggering events N/A

Diagrams N/A Steps to be taken: • Establish or continue a dialogue and support process with the municipality • Identify and communicate benefits on the municipal level such as nature and benefits of energy

communities, focusing on potential engagement and support actions Application This UC will be implemented in all pilot sites Comments


2UC-10.1 PROMOTE ADDITIONAL ENERGY SERVICES: TACKLING ENERGY POVERTY


2UC-10.1 Secondary Promote additional energy services: tackling energy poverty


The objective of this UC is to explore the additional services, and community value that can be produced by Energy Communities. This UC looks at alternative models to tackle the needs of the local community. This UC will explore specifically the social challenge of the local area. It is related to 2UC-7.4 in relationship to the exploration of new and innovative services for energy communities.

Description

The work on this UC will be divided in three parts. First, the COOLkit will explore the available business models to tackle energy poverty and how those models can support the traditional business models of energy communities. The second part is linked to the analysis of the demonstration and replicant sites. The partners should assess the energy poverty challenges in the pilot and replication sites, and possible solutions to alleviate those issues. The third part of the work should be an information to the members of the communities to discuss the possibilities to deal with the energy poverty challenge.

Actors involved • Energy Community • Municipality • Final customer


Preconditions A structured Energy Community is created in the site.

Postconditions The Energy Community will formally assess the solidarity needs of its territory. Triggering events N/A

Step-by-step analysis: The steps do not necessarily follow in described order. The execution of this UC is an ongoing process where certain activities can be performed in parallel or are omitted. Thus, the steps described below represent the list of potential actions taken by the EnC in the process of developing service to serve the local population and its members. StepNo Action Description

1 Identification of EnC goals The EnC members define the goals that they want to achieve and the provisional roadmap

2 Identification of the needs of the local community

The EnC is identifying potential household in energy poverty and specific target populations

3 Identification of the specific needs of the members in energy poverty

The leaders of the EnC open a dialogue with the target populations and members in order to identify the needs of the energy poor households.

4 Identification of the strategies for alleviation

The members of the EnC identify and select possible collective strategies to be more energy efficient and alleviate energy poverty in their community

5 Implementation of the collective action schemes

The members of the EnC deploy the collective actions to tackle energy poverty in their community.



2UC-10.2 CO-BENEFITS FOR CITIZENS: ENERGY EFFICIENCY SERVICES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION


2UC-10.2 Secondary Co-benefits for citizens: energy efficiency services and environmental protection


The objective of this UC is to explore the additional services, and community value that can be produced by Energy Communities. This UC looks at alternative models to tackle the needs of the local community. This UC will look into the transition objectives of the territory. It is related to 2UC-7.1 regarding exploration of innovative services for energy communities.

Description

The work of this UC should be related to the link to the territory transition agenda expressed by the local, regional and national governments of the members states in which the pilots and replication sites are situated. In order to enhance the relationship between Energy Communities and local authorities, we will encourage citizens collective to explore the links between their project and the transition objectives of their territory. The COOLkit will provide examples of possible alternative models to tackle transition challenges of the territory, like energy efficiency and transport.

Actors involved • Energy Community • Municipality • Final customer


Preconditions An Energy Community is created in the site.

Postconditions The Energy Community has formally expressed the way its actions will integrate in the transition plan of its territory.

Triggering events N/A

Step-by-step analysis: The steps do not necessarily follow in described order. The execution of this UC is an ongoing process where certain activities can be performed in parallel or are omitted. Thus, the steps described below represent the list of potential actions taken by the EnC in the process of developing service to serve the local population. StepNo Action Description

1 Identification of EnC goals

The EnC members define the goals that they want to achieve and the provisional roadmap

2 Identification of the needs of the local community

The EnC is identifying the local challenges and opportunities for efficiency

3 Get inspiration The leaders of the EnC are providing the opportunity for external experts to present innovative strategies to the members of the EnC.

4 Implementation of per discussion groups

The members of the EnC are grouped and discussion their consumption behaviours and how to improve efficiency of the community.

5 Identification of the strategies for efficiency

The members of the EnC identify and select possible collective strategies to be more energy efficient and alleviate energy poverty in their community

6 Educate the youth The members of the EnC are taking actions to educate the youth in their community about the energy and environment in their territory.

7 Implementation of the collective action schemes

The members of the EnC deploy the collective actions to make their community more efficient and more environmentally friendly.



2UC-11.1 REPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE ENC PROCEDURES IN LARGE- AND SMALL-SCALE SCENARIOS


2UC-11.1 Secondary Replication of innovative EnC procedures in large- and small-scale scenarios


The objective of this use case is to assess the scalability of the COMPILE ecosystem by analysing its deployment in large- and small-scale scenarios. For small-scale, the experience in replication sites Rafina (Greece) and Lisbon (Portugal) will be included. In the case of large-scale scenarios, a study of the scalability of the system will be provided.

Description

Summary: Taking advantage of the replication sites included in the COMPILE consortium (Rafina and Lisbon), a set of guidelines and recommendations will be produced based on the experience in these small-scale pilots. This information will be extrapolated to the case of a large-scale scenario, highlighting the differences, potential issues and their recommended solution. Detail description: The COMPILE ecosystem—a set of technical and non-technical tools and guidelines to foster the creation and operation of EnCs—will be tested and demonstrated in three medium-scale pilot sites: Crevillent (Spain), Luče (Slovenia), and Križevci (Croatia). A collection of use cases involving different sets of actors in the smart grid value chain will be put into practice and evaluated as part of the project. The development of the tools and documents in COMPILE is envisioned to be applicable not only to the three aforementioned pilots but to all types of scenarios, regardless its scale and possibilities—infrastructure in place, actors involved, etc. The principle of scalability—both upwards and downwards—is present since the first stages of the project. In the case of small-scale scenarios, the consortium is fortunate to count on the participation of two replication sites: Rafina (Greece) and Lisbon (Portugal). This opportunity will be used in order to evaluate the COMPILE use cases in two different environments that may present some restrictions, representative enough to be tackled by the project in order to widen its potential target audience. The results of these experiences will be presented in the form of guidelines and recommendations for other small-scale pilots to consider. For those scenarios larger than the pilots in the consortium, the results and experiences during the demonstration phase will be extrapolated—or even simulated if possible—to foresee potential issues and their recommended solution. The document(s) produced as a result of this use case will be completed with the outcomes of these extrapolations.

Actors involved All—or a subset—of those involved in previous use cases (depending on which ones are applied/demonstrated on each type of scenario).


All—or a subset—of those involved in previous use cases (depending on which ones are applied/demonstrated on each type of scenario).

Preconditions • Information from replication sites (Rafina and Lisbon) is available to analyse which use

cases are suitable for application based on their possibilities. • Results from other pilot sites is available at different stages of the project.

Postconditions A set of documents are produced including experiences, guidelines, recommendations, and other information aimed at the reproduction of the outcomes of COMPILE in large- and small-scale scenarios.

Triggering events

Depends on the subset of use cases applicable on each replication site. For extrapolation to large-scale scenarios, the availability of results from other pilots will trigger these analyses.

Step-by-step analysis: The steps do not necessarily follow in described order. The execution of this UC is an ongoing process where certain activities can be performed in parallel or are omitted. Thus, the steps described below represent the instructions (serving as action list / reminder) to EnC which actions can be taken in replication of innovative EnC procedures in large- and small-scale scenarios. StepNo Action Description



2UC-11.1 Secondary Replication of innovative EnC procedures in large- and small-scale scenarios

1 Identification of replication sites goals The replication sites members define the goals that they want to achieve.

2 Identification of Use cases to be replicated.

The replication sites members define the use cases that they want to replicate.

3 To follow the actions or steps of this use case.

The replication sites will follow the actions and steps that define in the use cases they plan to replicate.

4 Collection of data Collection of the data that is necessary in order to evaluate the replicated Use cases.

5 Guidelines and roadmap preparation.

A set of documents are produced including experiences, guidelines, recommendations, and other information aimed at the reproduction of the outcomes of COMPILE in large- and small-scale scenarios.

Application

The guidelines and other outcomes of this UCs could be followed by all pilots involved or not in COMPILE, regardless of their size and capabilities. In the case of small-scale scenarios, the pilots in Rafina (Greece) and Lisbon (Portugal) are specially targeted. Rafina: • DSO: HEDNO • TSO: ADMIE • Energy supplier/energy producer: PPC • Storage manager: ICCS • Aggregator • Building owner

Lisbon: • DSO: EDP Distribuição • TSO: REN - Redes Energéticas Nacionais • Energy supplier • Energy producer: Residents of the community • Aggregator: Coopérnico • Building owner

Comments


2UC-11.2 REPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE ENC PROCEDURES IN EMERGING ECONOMIES


2UC-11.2 Secondary Replication of innovative EnC procedures in emerging economies


The objective of this use case is to assess the replicability of the COMPILE experience in emerging economies, taking into account their characteristics and distinctive features. The activities and collaborative efforts with two international partners (Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA) in India and China University of Mining and Technology in Beijing) will be used in the outcome of this use case.

Description

Summary: One of the main objectives of the project is the replicability of its results and outcomes in diverse scenarios. The collaboration with two international partners in India and China will be used to generate documentation that proves useful for the replication of COMPILE in emerging economies. A detailed analysis of the two scenarios that highlights the points in common and differences with the pilots in the project and provides recommendations for the replication of the COMPILE ecosystem will be provided as a result of the use case. Detail description: While 2UC-11.1 focuses on the scalability of the results of COMPILE, the collaboration with two international partners (Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA) in India and China University of Mining and Technology in Beijing) opens the possibility of further exploring the replicability of the project in a different type of scenario where not only the size but also other cultural, technological, and economic—among other—differences have to be taken into account. This use case will take all the information gathered as a result of the collaboration with these two international partners and generate documentation that is valuable for increasing the replicability of the innovative EnC procedures of the project in such emerging economies. The documentation generated will include a detailed replication plan for each site, as well as a market research that identifies those necessities that could be covered by the different COMPILE tools.

Actors involved The actors involved will be determined after the analysis of each international site and provided as an outcome of the use case.


The possibilities of the COMPILE tools in each international site will be detailed after analysing their markets. Documentation will be provided as an outcome of the use case.

Preconditions

• Collaborative actions with international partners in the framework of the project. • Information about the smart grid value chain and the energy market in these economies

is available. • Information of the COMPILE project and its evolution - including results from other pilots

- is available at various stages.

Postconditions

A set of documents are produced including experiences, guidelines, recommendations, market research, and other information aimed at the reproduction of the outcomes of COMPILE in emerging economies, focusing the attention in the collaboration with the two international partners (India and China).

Triggering events

Scheduled collaborative actions with the international partners.

Step-by-step analysis

The steps do not necessarily follow in described order. The execution of this UC is an ongoing process where certain activities can be performed in parallel or are omitted. Thus, the steps described below represent the instructions (serving as action list / reminder) to EnC which actions can be taken in replication of innovative EnC procedures in emerging economies.

StepNo Action Description



2UC-11.2 Secondary Replication of innovative EnC procedures in emerging economies

1 Identification of replication sites goals The replication sites members define the goals that they want to achieve.

2 Identification of Use cases to be replicated.

The replication sites members define the use cases that they want to replicate.

3 To follow the actions or steps of this use case.

The replication sites will follow the actions and steps that define in the use cases they plan to replicate.

4 Collection of data Collection of the data that is necessary in order to evaluate the replicated Use cases.

5 Guidelines and roadmap preparation.

A set of documents are produced including experiences, guidelines, recommendations, and other information aimed at the reproduction of the outcomes of COMPILE in large- and small-scale scenarios.

Application

The guidelines and other outcomes of this UCs could be followed by any pilot in an emerging economy, applying their specific case to the examples provided. In the case of Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA) in India and China University of Mining and Technology in Beijing, a tentative list of names of the actors that could be involved in the UCs will be provided as a result of this UC.

Comments

D2.1 LES: Operational requirements, use cases and KPIs

Documents

Transcript of D2.1 LES: Operational requirements, use cases and KPIs