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CRCT Test Prep

Georgia andthe American Experience

byVicki Wood

CLAIRMONT PRESSAtlanta, Georgia

GeorgiaGeorgia

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AUTHOR

Vicki Wood earned a B.A. degree in Social Studies and Spanish and a M.A. in history from MarshallUniversity. She has completed post-graduate work in history, curriculum, and administration. She isthe author of two United States history textbooks and a West Virginia history textbook and haspublished numerous articles and teacher materials. She has conducted teacher workshops on integratedstrategies, thinking skills, and GEMS. She is a retired curriculum specialist from Kanawha CountySchools, West Virginia.

Editorial Director: Kathleen K. Conway

Design: Cherry Bishop

Copyright © 2005 by Clairmont Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproducedor transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying andrecording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be permitted by the 1976Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed inwriting to Clairmont Press, Inc., 2740 Grove Street, Atlanta, GA 30319.

ISBN: 1-56733-106-8

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To the Teacher iv

To the Student 1

Content 1

Pacing 1

Completing Answer Sheets 2

Format 2

True and False 3

Matching 4

Constructed Response 5

Essay 6

Selected Response 8

Reading a Long Passage 9

Analyzing a Political Cartoon 10

Using a Map 12

Interpreting a Graph 13

Reading a Chart or Table 15

Final Thoughts 17

Preparing for the Georgia CRCT Test 19

Domain: Geography 20

Domain: History and Economics 31

Domain: Civics and Economics 158

Georgia CRCT Test Prep Answers 192

Practice Test 194

Practice Test Answers 203

CONTENT

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TO THE TEACHER

On January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001(NCLB) into law. The new law changes the federal role in education by requiring the nation’s schoolsto describe their success in terms of what each student accomplishes. The accomplishment will bedemonstrated through assessments based on state standards. By 2014, NCLB requires assessmentand accountability for all students to ensure that schools make adequate yearly progress (AYP) towardattaining reading and mathematics proficiency.

According to NCLB, too many children have been locked into underachieving schools wherethey have not had the opportunity to develop their educational potential. Under NCLB guidelines,states must develop clear and high standards describing what students in each grade level shouldknow and be able to do. States will measure each student’s progress with tests aligned toward these standards.Every student should make substantial progress every year in every class to meet national goals.

With the emphasis NCLB places on testing and accountability, it is more important than everthat students become better test takers. Students should prepare themselves physically as well asmentally to take tests. To that end, there are a number of things that students can do to improvescores on all types of tests. To become a better test taker, a student should

• become familiar with the content of the test,• become familiar with the format of the test questions,• determine if the test is timed, and• know if there is a penalty for wrong answers.

Clairmont Press’s Georgia Test Prep addresses all of these critical issues. More specifically, thisbook provides suggestions for

• reviewing content and objectives,• pacing during a test,• completing answer sheets, and• analyzing various test formats.

You may want to duplicate pages 1-18 and work through these suggestions with your students.

Once students become familiar with test-taking strategies, it is important to practice thesestrategies. Practicing will make students more comfortable when they are taking “real” tests. Practicetests provide a way to review content and objectives, adjust pacing, learn techniques for markinganswer sheets, become familiar with various types of questions, and lessen test anxiety. There is onepractice test in the back of this book. You may also want to develop additional practice tests usingsome of the 1,000 questions in this book.

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All of us want to do well on tests. This book will teach you some techniques to better prepare fortests. After you learn these techniques, you will have the opportunity to practice them as you getready for the Georgia CRCT Test.

To become a better test taker, you need to

• Become familiar with the content of the test,

• Become familiar with the format of the test questions,

• Determine if the test is timed, and

• Know if there is a penalty for wrong answers.

CONTENTTests are given to find out what you know. To be successful on any test, it is necessary to know

what will be tested. Suggestions for preparing for the content of the test include:

• Predict what questions will be asked. Look over notes or assignments or talk with classmates.Think about the information that the teacher emphasized or wrote on the chalkboard oroverhead projector. The questions, people, concepts, and so on that are covered in classassignments generally are the things that are tested. Make a list of the important facts andconcepts that might be tested.

• Take notes carefully if there is a test review. Note any comments by your teacher such as“This will be on the test,” “These are the important people you should know,” or “Rememberthese two points.”

• Complete any test review sheet that the teacher might provide. You can use the review sheetas a practice test, or you can make a practice test using the review sheet as a guide.

• Devise methods to study for the test. For example,

° Make a set of flashcards. Do this by writing a name, date, event, place, vocabulary word,or question on one side of the card. On the other side, write the answer or some informationto describe what is listed on the front side of the card.

° Make an outline of the information. Include major headings, people, events, dates, andso on.

° Use memory strategies such as mnemonics or graphic organizers (such as concept diagrams,cause and effect charts, Venn diagrams, maps, or timelines) to organize information.

° Recite the information. Some students are auditory learners and hearing the content helpsthem to remember.

° Find a study buddy. Study with a friend or group of fiends. Make practice tests for eachother or orally ask one another questions.

PACINGIt is important to know if a test is timed. Two considerations associated with timed tests are using

allotted time effectively and avoiding text anxiety. Many students do not perform well on timed tests.However, there are a number of strategies to help students budget time and, as a result, lessen theiranxiety and increase their performance.

One of the biggest problems with timed tests is using the allotted time efficiently. Some studentsmove numerically — from the first question to the last question — on a test. However, the progressionof questions often does not move from easy questions at the beginning of the test to more difficult

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ones at the end. Rather, the degree of difficulty of questions may be random. As a result, when youencounter a difficult question, you may spend too much time trying to determine the answer. As aresult, the allocated time for the test may elapse before you have completed all the questions.

Through ongoing testing, you can learn to answer the easier questions first. You should skip theharder ones and go back to them at the end of your time. When beginning a test, it is wise to look atthe number of items on the test and then figure out how much time you have to answer each one.Following this model ensures that you will answer all the questions you believe you know before timeruns out. Try to increase the total number of questions you can complete in a given amount of time.

If the test is not timed, you should work carefully and deliberately. Do not spend an inordinateamount of time on difficult questions, but rather return to those questions later. Do not make randomguesses, unless there is no penalty for wrong answers. If there is no penalty, then try to answer all thequestions, even if you have not read all of them. When there is a penalty for a wrong answer, answerthose questions you know as well as those you can narrow down to two choices. If you have no ideaof the answer, do not attempt to answer the question. Later you will learn methods to help youeliminate obviously wrong answers.

Many students have test anxiety, which can increase when the test is timed. The more experienceyou have with taking tests, the more the anxiety level will decrease. As you feel more comfortablewith the content, pacing, and format, you will feel less anxious about the unknown.

COMPLETING ANSWER SHEETS

Many tests require students to bubble in an answer sheet to record their responses. Sometimes,however, students do not clearly understand how to do this simple mechanical process; this lack ofunderstanding can have a bearing on test performance.

Bubbling in an answer sheet requires students to darken a space for their selected response. Manystudents believe they must fill in the entire space, making it as dark as possible. They spend lots oftime, sometimes too much time, darkening in these spaces. In reality, the entire space does not needto be darkened and it also does not need to be as dark as students sometimes make it.

Ask your teacher for a sample bubble answer sheet and practice filling it in. You may also want totime yourself to see how long it takes to bubble in the answers to a set number of questions. Practicewill help you increase the number of bubbles you can darken in a given amount of time.

Another problem with completing answer sheets is that sometimes students skip a question, butthey do not skip the corresponding space for its answer. When this happens, the answers to questionsare coded incorrectly. Through practice, you can overcome this problem as well. In practice sessions,your teacher may ask you to complete every third or fourth question so you become familiar withskipping answer spaces as well as questions. When you have completed the test, you can go back andcheck to be sure you answers correctly align with the questions.

You may also want to check the alignment often instead of waiting until you have finished thetest. If you only check your answers at the end of the test, you may not have time to make changes,especially if the misalignment began near the beginning.

FORMATMost test questions are in one or more of the following formats: True and False, Matching,

Multiple Choice, Fill-in-the-Blanks (Completion), or Essay. Students should be aware of the formatthat will be used on any test they take. There are things students can look for that will help improvetheir performance on any of these various types of questions.

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True and FalseThe best way to study for true and false questions is to memorize facts. Teachers, however, may

not simply restate the facts on a true and false test. They may slightly alter the facts or add negatives,qualifiers, or absolute words that require you to analyze the statement to determine whether it is trueor false. Some suggestions for analyzing this type of question follow.

• Read the entire statement. If there is more than one fact in the statement, check the validityof all the facts. If one fact is false, the statement is false. It is easier for a teacher to add a falsepart to an otherwise true statement. Don’t read only one part of a statement (the true part)and assume that the whole statement is true.

EXAMPLE: The American Revolution was fought over unfair taxation and restricted immigration.

The first part of this statement is true. The American Revolution was fought over unfairtaxation. The second part is false. The American Revolution was not fought over restrictedimmigration. Because only part of the statement is true, the correct answer is FALSE.

• When the statement contains a negative word (no, not, cannot, does not), it can be confusingand may be either true or false. The best way to check such a statement is to remove theword no or not and then reread the sentence. If the statement is true when the negative wordis removed, then the answer to that particular question is false.

EXAMPLE: The early explorers of North America did not come to the New World looking for spices.

If you remove the word negative word not and reread the statement, it then reads: The earlyexplorers of North America came to the New World looking for spices. This is a true statement.Therefore, including the negative word not makes the original statement FALSE.

• The use of such qualifying words as sometimes, often, seldom, frequently, ordinarily, generally,usually, probably, might, may, and many tends to make a statement true. To be false, a statementmust be completely untrue. When you read a statement that has a qualifying word, see ifyou can think of another example to support it. If you can, the statement is true.

EXAMPLE: Before the Civil War, slaves in the South were usually treated well by their owners.

Because this is a general statement and some slaves were treated well by their owners, theanswer is TRUE.

• When the statement contains a double negative, it is generally true. For example, if a statementsays that something is “not unusual,” it is really saying that something is usual. Usual is oneof those words that tend to make a statement true.

EXAMPLE: During World War II, it was not uncommon for American citizens to do without sugar.

The statement says not uncommon, which means doing without sugar was actually common.Therefore, the answer to this statement is TRUE.

• Absolute words – such as never, none, always, every, entirely, only, all, worst, and best – mostgenerally make a statement false. To be true, the statement must be 100 percent true. If yousee a statement with any of these words, try to think of an exception to what it is saying. Ifyou can do this, you know the statement is false.

EXAMPLE: No one wanted the United States to become involved in a war with Iraq.

This statement contains the absolute no one, which means for the statement to be true, there canbe no exceptions. Certain members of Congress, President George W. Bush, and many UnitedStates citizens supported the war with Iraq. Therefore, the answer to this statement is FALSE.

• Generally, there are more true than false statements on a test. If you have to guess, mark astatement true.

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To test your knowledge of the strategies for answering true and false questions, take this shortquiz. Decide whether each statement is true or false. Which strategy helped you make your choice?

1. The United States engaged in military conflict in Iraq, Afghanistan, and France afterSeptember 11, 2001.

2. It is not unusual for a United States president to seek the advice of his advisors.

3. George W. Bush was not elected president by the Electoral College.

4. The United States Congress always passes laws that the president favors.

5. Many times United States citizens oppose laws passed by Congress.

MatchingMatching questions require students to correctly identify or “match” relationships between paired

lists of information. The best way to prepare for matching questions is to study the relationshipsbetween information, such as the relationship between a person and what he or she did, the relationshipbetween a place and its location, the relationship between a cause and its result. The likelihood ofguessing on a matching test is decreased if the second list of information (the list with the “answers,”usually Column B) contains more items than the first list (the list to which information is matched,often Column A). Matching questions test your ability to recognize, rather than recall, information.

When taking a matching test, consider the following:

• Find out if an answer can be used more than once.

• Examine both lists to determine the types of items as well as the relationships that are included;for example, places and locations, people and their accomplishments, events and dates.

• Choose one column as your starting point (usually the second column — the one containingthe “answers”). Read the first item in the second column and then look through the firstcolumn to find an item that matches it. Always starting in the same column will organizeyour thinking. This process will also help you use your time more efficiently because, onceyou read through the first column several times while looking for matches, you will becomefamiliar with the whole list, enabling you to find matches more quickly as you read eachitem in the second column.

• Go through the whole list in the first column before deciding on a match for the first itemin the second column. Don’t choose the first item that is mostly likely the correct response.There may be a better answer, which you will miss if you do not read all the choices.

• If the lists contain mixed information (for example, people, places, vocabulary), choose ananswer that shows a correct relationship. For example, a person would not be an appropriatematch for a body of water or a definition of a term.

• Cross off each item when you make a match. This will help you stay organized and you willnot make the careless error of using an item that has already been used.

• Don’t guess until all the matches that you are sure are correct have been made. If you guessearly, you may eliminate an answer that should be used later.

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Using the suggested tips, try your skill on the following matching questions. Match the capitalcity in Column A with its state in Column B.

Column A1. Austin2 Sacramento3. Nashville4. Columbus5. Salt Lake City6. Providence7. Charleston8. Lincoln9. Raleigh10. Baton Rouge

Constructed ResponseThe term constructed response refers to several types of questions, including fill-in-the-blank,

completion, and short answer. These questions require students to write a short response instead ofchoosing an answer from selected choices. When answering these types of questions, students look ata prompt, which asks them to do something. Then, they construct their own answer to the prompt.Some questions require a one-word answer, while others may require brief phrases or a short paragraph.Because there may not be an exact answer to the prompt, students’ answers often vary. When thishappens, the question is often scored by a rubric.

When taking this type of test, you should:

• Read each statement carefully for clues about what information is called for – a name, place,list of causes, examples of something.

• Focus on how the statement/question is written. If the statement requires you to fill in ablank, look for words like a or an before the blank. If the blank is preceded by an, you knowthe word in the blank must begin with a vowel.

• Look for key words in the statement/question. These words will direct your thinking andhelp you to provide a reasonable answer.

• If you can’t remember the exact word(s) that goes in the blank(s), write something related.Teachers generally give partial or even full credit if the answer means the same thing.

• Check the number of blanks or lines provided to record your answer. If there is one shortblank, generally the answer calls for one short word. If there are several lines or spaces,sometimes separated by commas, that is a clue that you need to provide as many reasons,causes, etc., as there are number of lines. If you leave some lines or spaces blank, then you areonly partially answering the question.

• If the question asks you to do more than one thing, be sure to provide all the informationcalled for. For example, if the question asks you to list reasons for the American Revolutionand identify the most important, be certain that you address both parts.

• Write legibly. You are not selecting a letter (A, B, C, or D) or writing true or false. To getcredit, the teacher must be able to determine what you mean.

Column BA. OhioB. LouisianaC. North CarolinaD. Rhode IslandE. West VirginiaF. TexasG. South CarolinaH. UtahI. NebraskaJ. TennesseeK. CaliforniaL. Georgia

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Constructed response questions can be used to measure application and recall. Look at the examplesof the types of constructed response questions that follow. Use the test-taking tips to answer them.

Fill-in-the-Blank

1. The United States is made up of __________ states.

2. The last two states to be added to the United States were ___________________ and___________________.

3. The country that borders the United States on the north is __________________, and thecountry that borders the United States on the south is ______________________.

4. In the fall, people like to ___________________________, ________________________,________________________ and _________________________.

Fill-in-the-Blank and Completion

1. The best state in the United States is ________________________ because

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.

Short Answer This type of question is similar to completion except there usually is a complete question to answer. The question may ask you to write definitions.

1. Define the following words:A. precipitation,B. drought, andC. weather.

A short answer question may also require you to write a few sentences when answering.1. How did geography affect where early settlers lived in what is now the United States?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________.

EssayEssay questions are often referred to as extended response questions. These questions are similar

to the short answer format, except they are generally more complex. The following steps will helpyou answer essay questions.

Before starting to write an essay test,

• Determine if you must answer all the questions or if you have some choice,

• Note how much time is allotted to the test if you have to answer several questions,

• Budget the amount of time you can spend on each question, and

• Prioritize the questions if some are worth more points than others.

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When you start the test,

• Read the question(s) carefully to determine what is being asked. It is important that youknow the definition of some of the most common directive words. For example,

Compare identifying similarities between two or more thingsContrast identifying differences between two or more thingsDiscuss consider pros and cons or describe similarities and differencesAnalyze break something down into parts and discuss or interpret dataIllustrate give examplesSummarize give a brief account, list, or enumerateTrace show the order of eventsList enumerate

• Plan your answer. This may take some time but it will enable you to write a better essay.

• Use pre-writing skills – such as brainstorming, jotting down ideas and concepts, making anoutline or using other graphic organizers – and list main ideas and supporting details.

• Use the rules of good composition as you write.

• Rephrase the question in your first paragraph.

• Identify main points in the first paragraph.

• Develop each key point in subsequent paragraphs, providing supporting details.

• Use transitions to tie the paragraphs together.

• Summarize in the last paragraph.

• Write legibly.

The following graphic organizer may help you become a better essay writer. Use what you havelearned to analyze and answer the following essay question.

Read the question carefully.List some responsibilities of citizenship and explain how each is important to preservingour democratic form of government.

Decide what you are to do by reading and defining the directive word(s).One directive word is “list,” which asks me to enumerate. A second directive word is “explain,”

which asks me to describe using examples.

Brainstorm possible ideas to include in the answer.Ideas will vary.

Use a graphic organizer to structure your answer.

Write your answer, making sure you use correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Remember to write legibly.

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Selected ResponseQuestions that have a multiple choice format are also referred to as selected response questions.

These questions, the most common format found on standardized tests, provide a set of choices —one of which is the correct answer. Multiple choice questions usually contain a phrase or stem followedby 3-5 choices (selections). Multiple choice formats may ask a student to answer a question or completea statement.

When answering multiple choice questions, consider the following suggestions:

• Read the question before looking at the answers. If you have an answer, check to see if it isone of the choices. If it is, mark the answer sheet and go on to the next question.

• Check to see if your answer is one of the choices. If your answer is not one of the choices,discard it and look carefully at the selected responses from which you can choose. Put a markthrough choices that are clearly incorrect.

• Identity key words in the stem and selected responses. Check the relationship of the words.

• Locate the verb in the stem. Determine what the verb is asking you to do.

• Note words like always, none, and never. If a choice includes one of these words, it is probablynot the correct answer.

• Note words like often, frequently, and usually. If a choice includes one of these words, it islikely to be the correct selection.

• Examine each answer to see how precisely it is written. A precise answer is often the correctone.

• Look carefully if the choices contain a range of numbers. Generally, numbers that are theextreme (such as the largest or the smallest; the oldest or the most recent) are incorrect.Choose a number in the middle range.

• Don’t second guess yourself. Generally, your first choice is best.

• Note the use of “All of the above” as a selection. If you know that at least two of the choicesare correct, then “All of the above” is probably the correct choice.

• Look at the length of the answer. One choice that is clearly longer and more descriptive thanthe others is probably the correct choice.

• Watch for negative words in the stem. Negative words generally ask you to choose an answerthat is not true. When examining a question that contains a negative word, try to find threeanswers that are correct. This process helps you to narrow down your choices.

• Look at the grammar in the stem. For example, if there is a word like an, you should select aresponse that begins with a vowel.

• Note similar choices. If two choices are similar, one of them is probably the correct answer.However, if there are two choices that essentially mean the same thing, neither answer islikely to be the correct choice.

• Note selected responses that are complete opposites. Generally, one of the responses is thecorrect answer.

• Note complex questions. If a question has complex choices, mark each item true or false.This will help you narrow your choices before deciding on the correct answer.

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Use the following graphic organizer to analyze a selected response (multiple choice) question.Remember, you should read the sample question and, without looking at the selected responses,answer the question. Check to see if your answer if one of the choices. If it is one of the choices, youwould normally mark the answer and move on to the next. For this practice, assume that your answeris not one of the choices. Refer to the list of clues to help you complete the analysis.

Read the stem or question.The first Europeans to settle in what is now the United States were theA. French. B. English. C. Germans. D. Chinese.

Identify key words.

Locate the verb.

Decide what action the verb requires.

Eliminate any choices you know are incorrect.

List the remaining choices.

Make your choice.

Why did you choose that option?

Because multiple choice is the most common test format, especially on standardized tests, it isimportant to examine a variety of types of questions that test social studies content. Sometimes,before answering questions, you will need to

• Read a long or short passage,

• Analyze a political cartoon,

• Use a variety of maps, or

• Interpret data on a graph, table, or chart.

To help you analyze these types of questions, examine the test taking tips that follow.

Reading a Long Passage

When you are reading a long passage,

• Look at the selected responses (choices) before you read the passage. Knowing what thepossible answers are will direct your thinking while you read.

• Read the paragraph and note any key words. Some of the key words might also be found inthe selected responses.

• Use the skills you learned for examining multiple choice (selected response) questions.

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Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow.

By the end of 1863, with the South divided and the purpose of the Civil War reaffirmed, theUnion was ready to begin its final assault. President Abraham Lincoln changed commanders onelast time, putting Ulysses Grant in charge of Union forces on March 9, 1864. Although Grant wasconsidered rather brutal, Lincoln was convinced he was a man who would not shy away fromConfederate leader Robert E. Lee. Lincoln needed a leader who would continue to pursue the enemy,not attack and stop or withdraw as his predecessors had done. Grant brought a new type of war to theEast. He was not as cautious as his predecessors had been. His strategy was simply to wear the enemydown with repeated attacks. He was not concerned about the number of lives that were lost; hisphilosophy was to replace fallen men with new recruits. Although this attitude was perceived by someas inhumane and uncaring, Grant believed in the long run it would save lives by bringing the war toan end instead of having it drag on for another year or longer.

1. The man put in charge of the Union troops in 1864 wasA. Robert E. Lee.B. William Sherman.C. Ulysses Grant.D. Abraham Lincoln.

2. Ulysses Grant’s military strategy was toA. continue fighting no matter how many men were killed.B. divide the South.C. attack and retreat to regroup and attack again.D. be cautious when fighting the enemy.

3. The paragraph implies thatA. the Union forces had been commanded by several people.B. Lincoln was a friend of Grant.C. Grant’s style of fighting was similar to other northern generals.D. Grant was a great general.

Analyzing a Political Cartoon

When you are analyzing a political cartoon,

• Look at any titles or captions. This will help you identify what the cartoon is about.

• Identify people, places, or events that are shown. Knowing who or what is depicted in thecartoon will help you to place it in a historical or political setting.

• Examine the date when the cartoon was published. Knowing this will help you to know ifthe cartoon was published at the time an event was taking place or at a different period oftime.

• Determine the point of view of the cartoonist. Note the size and mannerisms of the figuresas well as their interaction with one another. Note the use of exaggeration or facial expressionto convey a point.

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Look at the cartoon below and answer the questions that follow.

A Job for the New Cabinetmaker

This cartoon appeared in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, February 2, 1861.

1. What is Lincoln doing in the cartoon?A. He is building a wall to separate the North and South.B. He is demonstrating his building skills.C. He is repairing a crack between the North and South.D. He is giving the North power over the South.

2. The title of the cartoon suggests that is was publishedA. after Lincoln’s election to the presidency.B. during Lincoln’s election campaign.C on Lincoln’s birthday.D. before the Lincoln-Douglas debates.

3. What is the point of view of the cartoonist?A. He shows a problem that Lincoln must fix.B. He favors allowing the North and South to separate.C. He shows that glue can be used to repair a crack.D. He shows Lincoln’s skills as a construction worker.

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Using a Map

A map provides information in a graphic way. Types of maps include topographic, political,raised relief, weather, and natural resource. When reading information on a map,

• Read its title to determine the subject and purpose,

• Look to see if it has a scale to help you find distances between two or more points,

• Examine its key or legend to see what symbols are used and what each represents, and

• Look at any other information that is included.

Use the map below to answer the questions that follow.

2000 Election Results

1. How many states did Al Gore carry in the 2000 election?A. 15B. 18C. 20D. 22

2. How many states did George Bush carry in the 2000 election?A. 25B. 27C. 30D. 32

3. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the data represented on this map?A. George Bush carried all of the southern states.B. Al Gore carried the largest states.C. Both candidates carried states in the four regions (North, South, East, and West) of the

United States.D. The person who carried the largest number of states won a large majority of the

electoral vote.

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Washington

Oregon

California

Nevada

Arizona

Utah

Idaho

Montana

Wyoming

Colorado

New Mexico

Texas

Kansas

Oklahoma

Nebraska

S. Dakota

N. Dakota

Min

neso

ta

Iowa

Missouri

Arkansas

Louisiana

Mis

siss

ippi

Michigan

OhioIllinois

Indi

ana

Tennessee

Alabama

Wisconsin

KentuckyN. Carolina

Florida

S.Carolina

Georgia

Virginia

W.

Virginia

Pennsylvania

NewYork

Maine

Hawaii

Alaska

NewHampshire

Vermont

Mass

ConnecticutNew Jersey

RhodeIsland

Delaware

D.C.

Key: Gore Bush

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Interpreting a Graph

There are many types of graphs, including line, bar, and circle. Different types of graphs are usedto illustrate different types of data. For example, a line graph is most often used to show how somethinghas changed over a period of time; a bar graph often is used to make comparisons; and a circle graphis used to illustrate parts of something to the whole. A circle graph, which usually contains percentages,is also called a pie graph since the parts illustrated might symbolically represent pieces of a pie. Thewhole circle represents 100 percent.

When you are answering questions about graphs, you should

• Read the title to determine its content,

• Examine the key to see what specific things are included, and

• Look at the specific parts; that is, the pieces of the pie.

Look at the following line graph and answer the questions that follow.

1. In 1905, the population of the United States was aboutA. 78 million.B. 80 million.C. 84 million.D. 86 million.

2. In what year were there approximately 122 million people in the United States?A. 1925B. 1930C. 1933D. 1937

3. The smallest growth in population occurred betweenA. 1900 and 1910.B. 1910 and 1920.C. 1920 and 1930.D. 1930 and 1940.

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Growth of Population in the United States

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Coal Miners

1. Which year had the highest number of miners?A. 1976B. 1978C. 1980D. 1982

2. Which statement best describes employment in the coal mines between 1976 and 1980?A. The number of miners increased steadily.B. The number of miners dropped off and then increased.C. The number of miners decreased steadily.D. The number of miners remained about the same.

3. Which statement best describes employment in the coal mines between 1976 and 2000?A. The number of miners decreased every year.B. The number of miners mostly increased.C. The number of miners peaked in 1982.D. The number of miners decreased by around 55,000.

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Vicki’s Craft Shop Yearly Expenses

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2. If Vicki’s total expenses are $75,000, how much does she pay for rent?A. $1,500B. $2,250C. $3,700D. $4,200

3. If Vicki’s total expenses are $50,000, which expense is $8,000?A. RentB. OverheadC. MaterialD. Power

4. What percentage of Vicki’s expenses are not labor?A. 25 percentB. 32 percentC. 38 percentD. 42 percent

Reading a Chart or TableA chart or table is a good way to place text into a visual format. Charts are used to categorize data

so it is easy to read and understand. Information that would take many pages to put in a text formatcan be summarized on a chart that may be one page or less.

When you are examining a chart or table, you should• Read the title to determine what the subject is,• Read the column headings and labels,• Draw conclusions from the data, and• Try to identify trends.

Labor 68%

Material 16%

Rent 3%

Power 5%

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Results of the Election of 2000

George W. Bush Al GoreState Carried Electoral Vote State Carried Electoral Vote

Alaska 3 California 54

Alabama 9 Connecticut 8

Arkansas 6 D.C. 2

Arizona 8 Delaware 3

Colorado 8 Hawaii 4

Florida 25 Iowa 7

Georgia 13 Illinois 22

Idaho 4 Massachusetts 12

Indiana 12 Maryland 10

Kansas 6 Maine 4

Kentucky 8 Michigan 18

Louisiana 9 Minnesota 10

Missouri 11 New Jersey 15

Mississippi 7 New Mexico 5

Montana 3 New York 33

North Carolina 14 Oregon 7

North Dakota 3 Pennsylvania 23

Nebraska 5 Rhode Island 4

New Hampshire 4 Vermont 3

Nevada 4 Washington 11

Ohio 21 Wisconsin 11

Oklahoma 8

South Carolina 8

South Dakota 3

Tennessee 11

Texas 32

Utah 5

Virginia 13

West Virginia 5

Wyoming 3

TOTALS 271 266

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1. Which state has the largest number of electoral votes?A. CaliforniaB. New YorkC. TexasD. Florida

2. How many states, plus the District of Columbia, have fewer than five electors?A. 10B. 14C. 18D. 22

3. Which statement best explains why George Bush carried 10 more states than Al Gore, butonly received 5 more electoral votes?A. Gore carried all the large states.B. Bush carried only small states.C. More people voted in the states that Bush carried.D. Bush carried a large number of small states.

FINAL THOUGHTSIn addition to all the specific test-taking strategies that you have learned, the following are general

suggestions to help you feel confident and ready when time for the test comes.

The Night Before the Test:

• Review major concepts/objectives.

• Take a break from studying if you get tired.

• Get a good night’s sleep

The Day of the Test:

• Get up early enough to exercise lightly.

• Eat a good, healthy breakfast (avoid sugar and caffeine).

• Wear comfortable clothing to school.

• Arrive at school on time.

• Take any needed materials to the testing site, such as pencils, scrap paper, and a calculator.

• Choose a seat that is free from distractions, for example, in the front of the room or awayfrom the door.

• Take deep breaths if you feel yourself tensing up.

• Listen carefully to any directions. Then, before starting the test, quickly re-read the directionsto check for understanding.

• Quickly preview the whole test. Devise a plan to budget your time if the test is timed.

• Be serious. Don’t think that any test is unimportant.

• Apply test-taking clues when answering the questions.

• Don’t second guess yourself; your first thought is generally best.

• Keep a positive and confident attitude.

• Check your answer sheet periodically to be sure the questions and your answers align properly.

• Reward yourself after the test for a job well done!

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Preparing for the Georgia CRCT

Georgia uses the Criterion-Referenced Competency Test (CRCT) to find out how well a studenthas learned the Quality Core Curriculum (QCC) in each subject area at each grade level. Beginningin 2008, this test will be used to measure how well students have mastered the Georgia PerformanceStandards (GPS) instead of the Quality Core Curriculum. The eighth-grade Georgia CRCT testswhat students have learned in Georgia Studies. Instead of testing a large number of facts, the CRCTtests how well students understand important social studies themes and concepts.

This book, Georgia CRCT Test Prep, will help you prepare students for the state test — now aswell as when the Georgia Performance Standards become effective. The book provides sample questionsfor each tested standard in the QCC as well as the GPS. Specifically, the book addresses the 51standards in the QCC as well as the 12 history, 2 geography, 5 civics, and 5 economics GeorgiaPerformance Standards that were adopted in October 2004.

You may choose to give students certain pages in this book to review or reinforce specific skills, oryou may choose to use the entire book as a “work-a-text,” having students go through it standard bystandard. You may also want to identify a specific skill and use the sample questions as a bellringer orfocus for the CRCT. You could write the standard and sample questions on the chalkboard or overheadand use them for practice. Each standard is referenced to the textbook Georgia and the AmericanExperience, and, in some instances, each standard is referenced to appropriate websites where you willfind additional material to expand the students’ knowledge of content.

After completing the questions for each standard, you may want to give the students the practicetest on pages 192-200. The CRCT, which students will take in the spring, is similar to the one foundhere. Students should complete the practice test in one sitting, using the suggested time allocation.This will give them an opportunity to check their pacing. Pacing is important when they take the“real” test. If you work through the entire book with your students, they will be comfortable with thetest structure and confident in their knowledge when they take the CRCT in the spring.

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QCC 1 LocationIdentifies the location of Georgia in relation to region, nation, continent, hemisphere andworld using maps, and other geographic tools and technology.

GPS SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features andlocation.

a. Locate Georgia in relation to region, nation, continent, and hemispheres.

DOMAIN: GEOGRAPHY

Use the map below to answer Questions 1-4.

1. From the information on the map, which statement BEST describes Georgia’s relativelocation?A. Georgia is a northeastern state.B. Georgia is located north of Florida.C. Georgia is located in the southwestern United States.D. Georgia is located between 30° and 35° N latitude and between 80° and 85° W longitude.

2. How many states border Georgia?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8

3. What are the names of the states that border Georgia?A. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, and South CarolinaB. Alabama, Arkansas, Tennessee, South Carolina, and FloridaC. Alabama, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and North CarolinaD. Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, Florida, and North Carolina

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4. Which statement does NOT describe Georgia’s location?A. Georgia is located in the South.B. Georgia is located in the Southeast.C. Georgia is located in the Peach Bowl.D. Georgia is located in the Sun Belt.

5. Into which hemisphere does the prime meridian place Georgia?A. eastern hemisphereB. northern hemisphereC. southern hemisphereD. western hemisphere

6. On which continent is Georgia located?A. AsiaB. EuropeC. North AmericaD. South America

7. From the information the globe, which statement BEST describes Georgia’s relative location?A. Georgia is located in the southern hemisphere.B. Georgia is located west of the prime meridian.C. Georgia is located south of the equator.D. Georgia is located near the equator.

To review Georgia’s location, read pages 5-8 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).

Use the map below to answer Questions 5-7.

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QCC 2 Geographic RegionsLocates and describes the geographic regions of Georgia (mountains, piedmont, coastalplain, etc.), and identifies the physical process which formed them.

GPS SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features andlocation.

b. Describe the five geographic regions of Georgia including the Blue Ridge Mountains,Valley and Ridge, and Appalachian Plateau, Piedmont, Coastal Plain.

8. How many physiographic (geographic) regions does Georgia have?A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7

9. What is the smallest physiographic (geographic) area in Georgia?A. Appalachian PlateauB. Blue RidgeC. Coastal PlainD. Ridge and Valley

10. What area, located in the southwestern corner of the Coastal Plain, is known for theproduction of peanuts, corn, and pecans?A. Dougherty PlainB. Inner Coastal PlainC. Outer Coastal PlainD. Vidalia Upland

11. In which region are Taylor Ridge and Pigeon Mountain found?A. Appalachian PlateauB. Blue RidgeC. Piedmont PlateauD. Ridge and Valley

12. In which region are Amicalola Falls and Tallulah Gorge located?A. Appalachian PlateauB. Blue RidgeC. Piedmont PlateauD. Ridge and Valley

13. In which region is Atlanta located?A. Appalachian PlateauB. Blue RidgeC. Piedmont PlateauD. Ridge and Valley

14. Through which physiographic (geographic) regions do the Appalachian Mountains run?A. Coastal Plain, Blue Ridge, Ridge and ValleyB. Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, Appalachian PlateauC. Ridge and Valley, Appalachian Plateau, PiedmontD. Blue Ridge, Appalachian Plateau, Coastal Plain

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15. Which statement BEST describes the physiographic (geographic) regions of Georgia?A. Three of the regions have a combined land area smaller than that of the Piedmont Plateau.B. The Coastal Plain is more than twice the size of the other four regions combined.C. All the geographic regions contain good farmland.D. The smallest area in land is the Blue Ridge region.

16. What is the largest physiographic (geographic) region in Georgia?A. Appalachian PlateauB. Coastal PlainC. Piedmont PlateauD. Ridge and Valley

17. In what area of Georgia is the Appalachian Plateau located?A. southwestB. southeastC. northeastD. northwest

18. Which of Georgia’s regions has been described as the smallest region, the only source ofcoal, and the location of Lookout Mountain?A. Appalachian PlateauB. Blue RidgeC. PiedmontD. Ridge and Valley

19. Which characteristic does NOT define a region?A. climateB. educationC. landformsD. population

To review information about Georgia’s regions, read pages 9-21 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To find more information about the physical regions of Georgia, go tomuseum.nhm.uga.edu/gawildlife/gawwregions.html.

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QCC 3 EcosystemsIdentifies important geographical features of Georgia and describes ecosystems presentin each:

—Fall Line—Okefenokee Swamp—Appalachian Mountains

GPS SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features andlocation.

c. Locate and evaluate the importance of key physical features on the development ofGeorgia including the Fall Line, Okefenokee Swamp, Appalachian Mountains,Chattahoochee and Savannah rivers, and barrier islands.

20. In which region is the Okefenokee Swamp, the largest swamp in North America, located?A. Blue RidgeB. Coastal PlainC. Piedmont PlateauD. Ridge and Valley

21. What is the highest peak in Georgia?A. Amicalola FallsB. Brasstown BaldC. Cloudland CanyonD. Tallulah Gorge

22. Which statement does NOT describe a characteristic of the barrier islands?A. They serve as a wilderness sanctuary.B. They protect the beaches from erosion.C. They are frequently a target of hurricanes.D. They attract thousands of tourists each year.

23. Georgia ranks fourth in the nation in the number of wetlands found in the state. Whichstatement does NOT describe a wetland?A. A wetland contains sloughs, swamps, bogs, ponds, and freshwater marshes.B. A wetland is a low-lying area where water lies close to the surface.C. A wetland contains salt marshes and is found along the coast.D. A wetland is located in an area with heavy annual rainfall.

24. What two regions are separated by the Fall Line?A. Appalachian Plateau and Blue RidgeB. Blue Ridge and Piedmont PlateauC. Coastal Plain and Blue RidgeD. Coastal Plain and Piedmont Plateau

25. How many principal river systems does Georgia have?A. 8B. 10C. 12D. 14

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26. What is the only river that flows into Georgia from another state?A. ChattahoocheeB. CoosaC. OgeecheeD. Savannah

27. Which Georgia lake does NOT produce hydroelectric power?A. AllatoonaB. CarterC. LanierD. Oconee

28. Georgia’s manmade lakes do NOTA. store natural ground water.B. produce hydroelectric power.C. provide recreational opportunities.D. supply water to the cities.

29. Which statement LEAST explains why Georgia’s water resources have attracted businessand industry to the state?A. Georgia has water resources that provide hydroelectric power.B. Georgia has a large number of natural lakes.C. Georgia has two major seaports on the Atlantic Ocean.D. Georgia has abundant water-related recreational facilities.

30. In which Georgia city is the only canal of its kind in the southern United States found?A. AlbanyB. AthensC. AtlantaD. Augusta

31. Why does northern Georgia have little ground water?A. Precipitation does not sink into the bedrock.B. Northern Georgia gets very little rainfall each year.C. Precipitation evaporates because of its climate.D. The ground water runs into reservoirs.

32. Which state park is located in the barrier islands?A. ChickamaugaB. Cumberland IslandC. Jekyll IslandD. Okefenokee Swamp

33. What is the only virgin forest within a city limit in the United States?A. Appalachian ForestB. Chattahoochee National ForestC. Jefferson National ForestD. Marshall Forest

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34. What purpose do Georgia’s barrier islands MOSTLY serve?A. farming irrigationB. industrial developmentC. recreational activitiesD. research opportunities

35. In what county is the geographic center of Georgia located?A. Talbot CountyB. Telfair CountyC. Towns CountyD. Twiggs County

36. Which statement is NOT true of the way the Savannah River affected the founding andsettlement of Georgia?A. The early settlers stayed near the Savannah River and the Atlantic Ocean.B. The Savannah River was the location of Georgia’s first settlement.C. The Spanish occupied all the land north of the Savannah River.D. The settlers could travel up the Savannah River.

37. Which statement describes the Okefenokee Swamp?A. It has the highest recorded level of precipitation in Georgia.B. It has the potential to produce hydroelectric power.C. It is the largest freshwater marsh in Georgia.D. It is located in the Piedmont region.

To review information on Georgia’s key physical features, read pages 20-21, 34-35,and 56-65 in Georgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).For more information on the Okefenokee Swamp, go to www.okeswamp.com/.For more information on the barrier islands, go towww.sherpaguides.com/georgia/barrier_islands/natural_history/index.html.

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QCC 4 Exploration Ocean and Wind CurrentExplains how ocean and wind currents affected the exploration and settlement of Georgiaand the Southeast.

38. Which statement does NOT describe a reason for locating many of Georgia’s earlysettlements on the Fall Line?A. Waterfalls at the Fall Line provided a power source for water mills and developing

industries.B. The area around the Fall Line, with its clear water and lush vegetation, was a picturesque

setting for a settlement.C. The rivers and creeks cut deep channels in the softer soils through which they ran, creating

fertile land for farming.D. Settlers were forced to stop at the waterfalls along the Fall Line because of the difficulty

of traveling over the steep, rushing water.

39. Which statement does NOT describe a reason why wind currents were important to earlyexplorers?A. Wind currents shortened or lengthened the explorers’ trips.B. Wind currents influenced the direction the explorers could sail.C. Wind currents determined whether the trip was smooth or rough.D. Wind currents determined the climate where the explorers’ sailed.

40. Which statement describes how ocean currents played an important role in explorationand colonization?A. Ocean currents equalize the surface temperature of Earth.B. Ocean currents are caused by uneven heating of Earth’s surface.C. Ocean currents influence living conditions for plants and animals.D. Ocean currents contribute to the movement of heat from the equator to the poles.

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Use the following map to answer Question 41.

41. According to the map, ships to the New World were pushed back home to Europe by theA. Labrador Current.B. Gulf Stream Current.C. East Greenland Current.D. North Equatorial Current.

To review information on wind and ocean currents, read pages 26-27 in Georgia and theAmerican Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).

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42. Which statement does NOT describe Georgia’s climate?A. Snow only falls in the Georgia mountains.B. The state experiences four distinct seasons.C. The overall climate is mild throughout the year.D. Generally Georgia summers are hot and humid.

43. Georgia’s climate attracts business and industry because the stateA. seldom receives much snow.B. has a consistently mild climate.C. rarely experiences tornadoes.D. does not have hurricanes.

44. One disadvantage of Georgia’s mild climate isA. a long growing season.B. four separate, distinct seasons.C. low costs for heat and air conditioning.D. minimum weather-related absences from work or school.

Use the graph below to answers Questions 45-47.

QCC 5 Geographic FactorsIdentifies geographical factors and explains how they have influenced Georgia’s exploration,settlement and economic development emphasizing: location, climate, mountains, rivers,and soil and natural resources.

GPS SS8G1 The student will describe Georgia with regard to physical features andlocation.

d. Evaluate the impact of climate on Georgia’s development.

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Figure 3 Tornadoes in Georgia (1884-1998)

JanuaryFebruary

MarchAprilMayJuneJuly

AugustSeptember

OctoberDecember

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

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45. According to the graph, in what month are tornadoes MOST LIKELY to occur in Georgia?A. MarchB. AprilC. JuneD. July

46. How many years of data are recorded in the graph?A. 100 yearsB. 108 yearsC. 114 yearsD. 120 years

47. What was the least number of tornadoes in any one month?A. 0B. 15C. 24D. 50

48. Which industry is MOST affected by Georgia’s climate?A. agricultureB. chemicalC. miningD. transportation

49. Which result of droughts does NOT affect tourism?A. forest firesB. hot, humid weatherC. lower water levelsD. reduced crop production

50. Which city is MOST LIKELY to experience a direct hit of a hurricane?A. AthensB. HelenC. PlainsD. Savannah

51. Weather over a long period of time is calledA. climate.B. geography.C. seasons.D. topography.

52. Why is Georgia LESS LIKELY to feel the devastating impact of hurricanes than Florida orthe Carolinas?A. Georgia has no large cities or industries on the coast that would be destroyed.B. Large manmade sand dunes along the coast keep hurricanes from moving inland.C. The continental shelf off Georgia’s coast helps move hurricanes northward.D. Georgia has more sophisticated hurricane-tracking equipment than the other states.

To review information on Georgia’s climate, read pages 22-30 in Georgia and theAmerican Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).For more information on Georgia’s climate, go to climate.engr.uga.edu.

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DOMAIN: HISTORY and ECONOMICS

QCC 6 American IndiansDescribes and analyzes Georgia pre-historic Indian civilizations.

GPS SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures andthe impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures inGeorgia.

a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, andMississippian) prior to European contact.

53. What was the oldest prehistoric Indian civilization found in Georgia?A. ArchaicB. MississippianC. PaleoD. Woodland

54. Of what material were MOST of the tools of the Paleo people made?A. copperB. flintC. stoneD. wood

55. Which people were the FIRST to use the atlatl?A. ArchaicB. MississippianC. PaleoD. Woodland

56. Why have few Paleo artifacts been found in any one place?A. Few people lived during that time.B. People did not leave any artifacts.C. Artifacts disappeared over time.D. People moved frequently.

57. During which prehistoric period did large game become extinct?A. ArchaicB. MississippianC. PaleoD. Woodland

58. Why did the Archaic people move frequently?A. to find secure shelterB. to locate farmlandC. to trade with othersD. to find enough food

59. During which prehistoric period did horticulture begin?A. ArchaicB. MississippianC. PaleoD. Woodland

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60. Which people were the FIRST to make and use pottery?A. ArchaicB. MississippianC. PaleoD. Woodland

61. Which early people grew tobacco to use in ceremonies?A. ArchaicB. MississippianC. PaleoD. Woodland

62. Which people were the FIRST to live in tribes?A. ArchaicB. MississippianC. PaleoD. Woodland

63. During which prehistoric period did the bow and arrow come into use?A. ArchaicB. MississippianC. PaleoD. Woodland

64. Who were the FIRST people to use burial mounds?A. ArchaicB. MississippianC. PaleoD. Woodland

65. Which prehistoric people were the FIRST to paint and tattoo their bodies?A. ArchaicB. MississippianC. PaleoD. Woodland

66. Which statement does NOT give a probable reason for the disappearance of theMississippian tribes?A. They were killed by English settlers.B. They moved away in search of food.C. They died out because of tribal warfare.D. They died because of disease or starvation.

67. Which statement BEST explains why there are so few Paleo sites in Georgia?A. Remains from the “Old Stone Age” have been destroyed by natural forces.B. The nomadic Paleo Indians did not leave many artifacts in one place.C. Paleo sites were often looted by cultural groups that came after them.D. Paleo Indians lived primarily in western states, not in Georgia.

68. Which factor resulted in prehistoric Indians making permanent settlements?A. The Indians had abundant large game.B. The Indians began to cultivate plants.C. The Indians followed herds of large animals.D. The Indians wanted to band together for protection.

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69. Which statement explains why archaeologists think that prehistoric Indians believed insome form of life after death?A. Tribal centers had churches and other symbols of worship.B. Pictographs and cave drawings depicted a spiritual afterlife.C. Legends of an afterlife were passed down from generation to generation.D. Burial mounds contained items such as tools, tobacco pipes, and weapons.

70. Which statement does NOT prove that the Mississippian people were an advancedcivilization?A. They used sophisticated farming methods.B. They dressed fashionably.C. They lived in villages.D. They were nomadic.

Use the following map of mounds in Georgia to answer Questions 71-74.

Map 18 from GA page 83I need this map

71. According to the map, which section of the state has no mounds?A. northwestB. northeastC. southwestD. southeast

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72. What does the information on the map tell you about the moundbuilders?A. The moundbuilders were mostly in western Georgia.B. The moundbuilders mostly settled along the coast.C. The moundbuilders built cone-shaped mounds.D. The moundbuilders believed in an afterlife.

73. According to the map, how many counties have mounds?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8

To review this period of history, read pages 70-83 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To obtain more information about prehistoric Indian cultures in Georgia, go towww.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gaindian.htm.

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QCC 7 European Exploration RivalryTraces Spanish and English exploration and rivalry from the discovery of the New Worldup to the colonization of Georgia.

GPS SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American culturesand the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American culturesin Georgia.

c. Explain reasons for European exploration of North America and settlement with emphasison the interests of the French, Spanish and British in the southeast area of North America.

74. European nations did NOT explore the New World to search forA. homes.B. riches.C. trade routes.D. food.

75. Who was the FIRST explorer to enter present-day Georgia?A. Ferdinand MagellanB. Ponce de LeonC. Hernando de SotoD. Francisco Pizarro

76. The MAIN reason the Spanish explored North America was toA. make permanent settlements.B. find gold and riches.C. spread Christianity.D. fight the British.

77. The rivalry between the British and the French in the New World intensified over thecontrol ofA. Florida.B. the Ohio Valley.C. the Mississippi River.D. the New England colonies.

78. Which explorer hoped to reach the Far East by sailing west from Europe?A. Christopher ColumbusB. Vasco de GamaC. Hernando de SotoD. Amerigo Vespucci

79. The FIRST explorer to actually reach the Far East by sailing west wasA. Vasco de Gama.B. Bartholomew Diaz.C. Ferdinand Magellan.D. Francisco Pizarro.

80. Who was the FIRST explorer to find the great wealth that many sought?A. Christopher ColumbusB. Hernando CortesC. Vasco Nunez de BalboaD. Hernando de Soto

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81. When Columbus came to San Salvador, he believed he had landed on the coast ofA. America.B. Egypt.C. India.D. Japan.

82. What was the “Northwest Passage” that the early European explorers sought?A. an all-water route around the globeB. a water route to the Far EastC. a land route to the Near EastD. a fast route to China

83. What event made European explorers think they could find an all-water route to the FarEast?A. rounding the southern tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope by DiazB. stories told by navigators from Mediterranean portsC. landing of Columbus at San SalvadorD. the publication of Marco Polo’s Travels

84. What was the name of the FIRST British fort constructed in Georgia?A. Fort FredericaB. Fort King GeorgeC. Fort St. AndrewD. Fort St. Simons

Use the following map to answer Questions 85-88.

85. Which European explorer made the shortest voyage?A. CabotB. ColumbusC. da GamaD. Magellan

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86. Which European explorer made the longest voyage?A. CabotB. ColumbusC. da GamaD. Magellan

87. Which continent did da Gama circle?A. AfricaB. AsiaC. North AmericaD. South America

88. According to the map, what did Cabot, Columbus, da Gama, and Magellan have incommon?A. They all began their travels in Europe.B. None of them became rich and famous.C. They all experienced hardships on their travels.D. None of them found an all-water route to the Far East.

To review this period of history, read pages 104-113 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To find more information about this period of history, go towww2.worldbook.com/wc/popup?path=features/explorers&page=html/&direct=yes.

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QCC 8 Conquests Indian CivilizationExplains the impact of Spanish and English conquest on the Indian civilizations of NorthAmerica and the impact of the Indian civilizations on the European settlers.

GPS SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American culturesand the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native Americancultures in Georgia.

b. Evaluate the impact of European contact on Native American cultures including Spanishmissions along the barrier islands, and the exploration of Hernando DeSoto.

89. Which area of Georgia was NOT part of the Guale Province when Spanish missions werefirst established in Georgia?A. OssabawB. SavannahC. St. CatherinesD. St. Marys

90. The Spanish established the Santa Catalina mission onA. Cumberland Island.B. Jekyll Island.C. St. Catherines Island.D. St. Simons Island.

91. The MAIN purpose of the Spanish missions in the barrier islands was toA. provide protection for the area’s European settlers.B. convert the Indians to Catholicism.C. establish trade with Spain.D. claim land for Spain.

92. Which statement does NOT describe a reason for the decline of the Spanish missions?A. Once the Indians adopted Catholicism, the missions were no longer needed.B. Some missions were raided by Indians who were allied with the British.C. Some Indians resettled in areas that were not served by the missions.D. Pirate raids along the coast destroyed many missions.

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Use the following map to answers Questions 93-96.

93. Where did Hernando de Soto begin his travels?A. near Atlanta, GeorgiaB. near Memphis, TennesseeC. near Tampa, FloridaD. near Vicksburg, Mississippi

94. Where did Hernando de Soto cross the Mississippi River for the first time?A. near Little Rock, ArkansasB. near Memphis, TennesseeC. near Natchez, MississippiD. near Vicksburg, Mississippi

95. After Hernando de Soto’s death, where did his men go?A. AlabamaB. ArkansasC. MississippiD. Texas

96. What is the correct chronological order of the places de Soto visited on his travels?1. De Soto entered the Mississippi near Memphis.2. De Soto’s men went to Texas.3. De Soto entered Florida.4. De Soto died.

A. 3-1-4-2B. 2-3-1-4C. 4-3-1-2D. 2-1-3-4

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97. Why was de Soto’s expedition considered a failure?A. De Soto died before the expedition was finished.B. De Soto traveled in the wrong direction.C. De Soto did not find any gold or riches.D. De Soto’s men died of disease.

98. How did de Soto’s march through Georgia change the lives and culture of Native Americans?A. The expedition encouraged others to settle on land that belonged to Native Americans.B. The expedition was responsible for converting Native Americans to Catholicism.C. The expedition set up new trading opportunities for Native Americans.D. The expedition introduced Native Americans to new types of food.

To review this period in Georgia history, read pages 107-109 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about the Spanish missions in the barrier islands, go to the followingInternet sites:www.storesonline.com/site/539680/page/123251,www.storesonline.com/site/539680/page/123253,www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-572, andwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2836

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QCC 9 Indian Nations English ColoniesDescribes the Indian nations and tribes living in Georgia and their relationships with theEnglish colonists.

99. The two largest Indian nations living in Georgia during the colonial period were theA. Cherokee and Chickasaw.B. Cherokee and Creek.C. Mississippian and Creek.D. Seminole and Cherokee.

100. Native Americans used plants asA. clothing decorations.B. cooking containers.C. goods to trade.D. medicine.

101. Which did the Cherokee believe watched over the world to keep it safe?A. eagleB. fireC. moonD. sun

102. Which tribe of Native Americans was NOT a member of the Creek Confederation?A. CherokeeB. OconeeC. YamacrawD. Yamasee

103. The local Cherokee village was under the control of theA. advisory council.B. elder woman.C. headman.D. tribe’s chief.

104. Why were council houses built close to rivers or streams?A. to make the council houses easy to defend from enemiesB. to make travel easy for all clans attending council meetingsC. to allow council members to purify themselves before meetingsD. to allow hosting clans to provide fish for food for council meetings

105. How did the Cherokee link bears to the law of retaliation?A. Bear wrongs were not to be avenged.B. Bear-men were spirits of Indian lawmen.C. Bear claws represented the law of retaliation.D. Bear-men had not avenged wrongs done to their people.

106. The Cherokee did NOT kill snakes because theyA. feared snakes would seek revenge.B. knew other tribes protected snakes.C. served as protection.D. worshipped snakes.

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107. Which statement is NOT descriptive of the Creek?A. They lived in teepee-style huts.B. They used the plow and axe.C. They were good farmers.D. They raised livestock.

108. How many tribes were in the Creek Confederation?A. 10B. 12C. 14D. 16

109. What was the true name of the Creek?A. MuscogeeB. OcmulgeeC. OconeeD. Yamacraw

110. The duties of a Cherokee mother did NOT includeA. tending the garden.B. trading in the market.C. making baskets.D. preparing food.

111. The Cherokee built their winter homes ofA. animal skins.B. logs.C. mud.D. stone.

112. In some Cherokee tribal council meetings, each clan identified itself by theA. place it sat.B. feathers it wore.C. language it spoke.D. number of representatives it sent.

113. The Cherokee called themselves Awi-yum-wija, which meantA. “chosen ones.”B. “real people.”C. “brave warriors.”D. “people of peace.”

114. Cherokee children were raised by theirA. parents.B. father’s sisters.C. mother’s brothers.D. grandparents.

115. Most Cherokee tribes had two chiefs — one for making war and one for makingA. rain.B. peace.C. weapons.D. peacetime decisions.

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116. Most Native Americans were characterized by a barter economy. Which definition BESTdescribes a barter economy?A. trading items or services without the use of moneyB. trading items for other items within a familyC. buying and selling items with coinsD. buying and trading items for cash

117. Which statement represents a spiritual belief of the Cherokee?A. The Cherokee’s chief god was the Moon, who had the power of life and death.B. The Cherokee believed in a set of principles similar to the Ten Commandments.C. The Cherokee worshipped the Sun as the most powerful force on Earth.D. The Cherokee believed God lived in an Upper World.

118. Cherokee family life was similar to the lives of modern-day Georgians in thatA. at different times, various family members lived and worked together helping each

other.B. it was a matrilineal society, with family blood lines traced through the mother.C. the tribe was the focal point for the organization of society.D. children played games that helped them learn their roles.

119. The Creek were like modern-day Georgians in that theirA. religious and government buildings or facilities were in the center of their communities.B. large villages were surrounded by smaller villages and large farm areas.C. villages were split into new villages when they became too large.D. homes and other buildings were built of nearby materials.

Read the following passage and then answer Questions 120-122.

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The Cherokee of GeorgiaThe Cherokee were the only Iroquoian-speaking member of the five Civilized Tribes located

in the southeastern United States. Their accomplishments as a civilized culture were considerable.They adopted a written constitution as the basis for their government. They established a systemof courts for justice. They established a system of schools to educate their people. They had anewspaper, The Phoenix, that was published in both English and in their native language. Theyhad a system of written language symbols, the syllabary, developed by Sequoyah and almost thecomplete population was literate, or able to read and write that language.

They were settled agricultural people who lived together in large villages of about 30 to 60homes per village. Their homes surrounded a large council house located in the middle of thevillage and used for religious ceremonies, governmental or council meetings, and general meetingsor conferences. The sacred fire of the Cherokees was maintained in the council house.

The major crops grown by the Cherokees were corn, beans, and squash. Their meats wereobtained by hunting. The Cherokees enjoyed a standard of living envied by many of the Europeansettlers who moved into Georgia.

120. Based on the information in the reading, which major agricultural products were producedby Georgia’s Cherokee?A. livestock, wild plants, nuts, and berriesB. livestock, corn, and tomatoesC. tomatoes, beans, and cornD. squash, beans, and corn

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121. Based on the information in the reading, which statement BEST describes how Cherokeelife was different from that found in the United States today?A. Their major agricultural products were corn, beans, and squash.B. Most of the population was literate or able to read and write.C. Government was based on a written constitution.D. Justice was determined by a system of courts.

122. Based on information in the reading, what language was spoken by the Cherokee livingin Georgia?A. SiouanB. EnglishC. IroquianD. Muskogean

Use the illustration to answer Questions 123-124.

123. What does the picture tell about the settlement of the Cherokee?A. The Cherokee settled in the mountains of Georgia.B. The Cherokee settled along waterways.C. The Cherokee settled along the ocean.D. The Cherokee settled near large villages.

124. What does the picture tell you about the food the Cherokee ate?A. They hunted small animals.B. They farmed and ate vegetables.C. They ate fish from nearby streams.D. They traded with nearby settlers for a variety of food.

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125. What disease was NOT brought to the New World by the European explorers?A. smallpoxB. influenzaC. measlesD. AIDS

126. Which was NOT an advantage of gaining control of land belonging to the Cherokee andCreek?A. The land provided protection from the Spanish.B. The land provided water access for future shipping.C. The land provided areas of fertile soil for farming.D. The land provided resources for naval stores.

127. The chief crop of the Native Americans in Georgia wasA. corn.B. pumpkins.C. tobacco.D. beans.

128. The main meat of the Native Americans in Georgia wasA. rabbit.B. turkey.C. deer.D. fish.

129. After the French and Indian War, the Cherokee and Creek gave up their lands betweenthe Ogeechee and what other river?A. AltamahaB. St. MarysC. FlintD. Savannah

To review this period in Georgia history, read pages 54-97 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about the Indians who lived in Georgia, go towww.tolatsga.org/Cherokee1.html and ngeorgia.com/history/creek.html.

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130. European settlement in North America was NOT influenced by a desire toA. conquer Native Americans.B. gain religious freedom.C. search for adventure.D. make a better life.

131. Which country was NOT a major colonizer of the New World?A. FranceB. SpainC. Great BritainD. Italy

132. The first permanent English settlement in the New World was made atA. St. Augustine.B. Jamestown.C. Massachusetts Bay.D. Roanoke Island.

133. The first Spanish settlement in the New World was made atA. Jamestown.B. Los Angeles.C. Yamacraw Bluff.D. St. Augustine.

134. Which statement does NOT describe a problem that existed in Jamestown during itsfirst year of existence?A. The colony was located on the banks of a swamp, which caused an outbreak of malaria.B. Indian attacks reduced the size of the population in the colony.C. The settlers arrived too late to plant a crop.D. John Smith returned to England.

135. What was the name of the first British fort constructed in Georgia?A. Fort King GeorgeB. Fort FredericaC. Santa CatalinaD. Fort Guale

QCC 10 ColoniesAnalyzes factors in both England and North America that led Great Britain to create thecolonies of North America and identifies and describes settlement patterns of the earlycolonists.

GPS SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American culturesand the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native Americancultures in Georgia.

c. Explain reasons for European exploration of North America and settlement withemphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish and British in the southeast area ofNorth America.

GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services producedin Georgia during different historical periods.GPS SS8E2 The student will explain the benefits of free trade.

a. Describe how Georgians have engaged in trade in different historical time periods.

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136. Which statement BEST explains why the production of tobacco in Jamestown promotedslavery?A. Tobacco planters had enough money to purchase slaves.B. The production of tobacco created a need for cheap labor.C. Slaves were well suited physically to working on tobacco plantations.D. Slaves had experience in working on tobacco plantations before being brought to Virginia.

137. What was MOST RESPONSIBLE for the success of Jamestown?A. treaties with the IndiansB. the cultivation of tobaccoC. the arrival of new settlersD. the friendship of Pocahontas and John Smith

138. Which was NOT a benefit of the exploration and settlement in the New World?A. The interaction between the Old World and the New World brought about the exchange

of food products.B. The introduction of some European animals caused the extinction of some North

American animals.C. The European nations were able to spread their religious beliefs.D. The European nations established markets in the New World.

139. Which animal was NOT introduced to the New World by Europeans?A. horsesB. turkeysC. cattleD. pigs

140. The trade policy of Great Britain during the period of colonization was calledA. free trade.B. mercantilism.C. merchandising.D. trade tariffs.

141. What product was sent from the New World to Europe?A. beetsB. peachesC. riceD. corn

142. How did the colonies benefit Great Britain economically?A. The colonies manufactured goods for Great Britain.B. The colonies imported raw materials from Great Britain.C. The colonies traded with one another for expensive goods and services.D. The colonies enabled Great Britain to manufacture goods to sell to other countries.

143. What manufactured goods did Great Britain NOT sell to the colonies?A. clothingB. furnitureC. ryeD. tools

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144. Which factor was necessary to maintain a favorable balance of trade in the 1600s and1700s?A. more exports than importsB. open trade policiesC. religious freedomD. a standing army

To review this period of history, read pages 110-113 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To find more information about this period of history, go towww2.worldbook.com/wc/popup?path=features/explorers&page=html/&direct=yes.

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145. Which group of people was NOT among the earliest Georgia settlers?A. EnglishB. ScotsC. JewsD. French

146. The first Georgia settlements were locatedA. on river bluffs.B. at the Fall Line.C. on sandy beaches.D. at the forks of rivers.

147. What was the name of the nobleman from Scotland who, along with two partners,wanted to create a colony to be called the “Margravate of Azilia”?A. James OglethorpeB. George WhitefieldC. Robert CastellD. Robert Montgomery

148. Georgia’s Charter of 1732 did NOT include a provision thatA. guaranteed every settler his day in court to settle differences.B. gave the king of England control of the colony.C. prohibited Catholics from becoming colonists.D. banned liquor in the colony.

149. Georgia’s first settlement was made near the present city ofA. Athens.B. Atlanta.C. Macon.D. Savannah.

150. The medical crisis in Georgia in the 1730s was NOT caused byA. the presence of mosquitoes.B. the lack of fresh vegetables.C. hard physical labor.D. poor sanitation.

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QCC 11 Founding of a ColonyEvaluates the three major reasons for the founding of the colony of Georgia.

QCC 14 Influential PeopleIdentifies well-known and influential Georgians from the colonial era (men, women andminorities)

GPS SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history.a. Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement(charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah.

GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services producedin Georgia during different historical periods.GPS SS8E2 The student will explain the benefits of free trade.

a. Describe how Georgians have engaged in trade in different historical time periods.

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151. Why did James Oglethorpe suggest forming a colony for the poor?A. England wanted to get rid of debtors permanently.B. Oglethorpe had a friend who died in a debtors’ prison.C. The homeless would readily come to the New World.D. The poor were mostly well-educated people who had fallen on hard times.

152. Georgia was NOT settled in order to provideA. a defensive border against the French and Spanish.B. more land and power for Great Britain.C. a place to offer religious freedom.D. a short route to the West Indies.

153. According to Georgia’s Charter of 1732, which group of people could become colonists?A. blacksB. lawyersC. liquor dealersD. Methodists

154. During its first twenty years, the colony of GeorgiaA. established a court system.B. was an economic success.C. provided a home for many debtors.D. established the first public school in the nation.

155. Those who were selected to settle the colony of Georgia were required toA. have served time in a debtors’ prison.B. bring their own farm tools with them.C. only sell their land to another Englishman.D. use a portion of their land to grow mulberry trees.

156. Who surveyed and helped design the city of Savannah?A. Noble JonesB. Robert MontgomeryC. Samuel NunesD. James Oglethorpe

157. What Indians were led by Tomochichi?A. CherokeeB. CreekC. OconeeD. Yamacraw

158. Which statement does NOT describe a reason for locating many of Georgia’s earlysettlements on the Fall Line?A. The area around the Fall Line was a picturesque setting for a settlement.B. Waterfalls at the Fall Line provided a power source for water mills and developing

industries.C. The rivers and creeks cut deep channels in the softer soils through which they ran,

creating fertile land for farming.D. Settlers were forced to stop at the waterfalls along the Fall Line because of the difficulty

of traveling over the steep, rushing water.

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159. What items, which Great Britain had to import from France, Russia, and Spain, didOglethorpe promise to produce in Georgia?A. white potatoes, yams, and cornB. wheat, rice, and wineC. tropical fruit and spicesD. cotton dyes and silk

160. What ship transported Oglethorpe and Georgia’s first colonists from England to NorthAmerica?A. the AnnB. the NinaC. the MayflowerD. the Pinta

161. When did King George II grant Oglethorpe and his group a charter for the colony ofGeorgia?A. 1492B. 1607C. 1732D. 1776

162. Where did James Oglethorpe and the first Georgia colonists land when they arrived inGeorgia?A. Ossabaw Island on Ossabaw SoundB. Fort Frederica near St. Simons IslandC. Yamacraw Bluff on the Savannah RiverD. Fort Pulaski on the Savannah River

163. Oglethorpe’s plan for the establishment of Savannah could BEST be described asA. haphazard.B. circular.C. neat and regular.D. rectangular.

164. Which term BEST describes the kind of people Oglethorpe and his associates wanted tobring to Georgia?A. convictsB. educatedC. former prisonersD. poor, but worthy

165. Which statement does NOT provide a reason for British leaders wanting to establish anew colony in Georgia?A. Great Britain was overpopulated.B. The British wanted to convert the Indians to Christianity.C. Overseas colonies would enhance the British economy.D. South Carolina colonists needed protection from the Spanish.

166. The basic pattern of Savannah was fashioned after a design byA. William Bull.B. Robert Castell.C. Noble Jones.D. James Oglethorpe.

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167. The original plan for Savannah called for building how many squares?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

168. Savannah’s squares were divided into blocks calledA. lots.B. squares.C. tythings.D. wards.

169. A settler in Savannah did NOT have to care forA. a house in town.B. a five-acre garden on the edge of town.C. a forty-five-acre farm in the country.D. the common areas in the town plaza.

170. Besides James Oglethorpe, what three men influenced the design of Savannah?A. Thomas Bray, Robert Castell, and Noble JonesB. Noble Jones, Samuel Nunes, and Robert BroziusC. Noble Jones, Robert Castell, and William BullD. William Bull, Robert Brozius, and Thomas Bray

171. Who served as an interpreter for James Oglethorpe?A. William BullB. Mary MusgroveC. Samuel NunesD. Tomochichi

172. Tomochichi allowed James Oglethorpe to settle on a bluff overlooking which river?A. Altamaha RiverB. Flint RiverC. Savannah RiverD. St. Marys River

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173. Which statement BEST describes the subject of the illustration?

A. The British took control over the Indians’ land.B. The British and the Indians had a profitable first meeting.C. The Indians showed distrust for the invading Englishmen.D. The Indians welcomed the English with gifts.

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To review this period of history, read pages 114-121 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).For more information on Mary Musgrove, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-688.

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174. The trustees gave the first settlers in Georgia the right toA. vote.B. collect taxes.C. hold elections.D. own land.

175. Which statement does NOT describe a restriction placed on Georgia’s trustees?A. They could not expand west of the Savannah River.B. They could not own land in Georgia.C. They could not profit from their work.D. They could not hold political office.

176. Germans from Salzburg came to Georgia toA. obtain free land.B. obtain religious freedom.C. be freed from debtors’ prisons.D. relieve the overcrowding in Germany.

177. Who was the leader of the Germans from Salzburg?A. John Martin BolziusB. Lachlan McIntoshC. James OglethorpeD. John Reynolds

178. Where did the Salzburgers first settle?A. AlbanyB. DarienC. EbenezerD. Savannah

179. The Salzburgers moved from their original settlement becauseA. they were attacked frequently by the Indians.B. they had problems with the Spanish who lived nearby.C. the land on which they settled was marshy and not very productive.D. the area was plagued by harsh storms that caused extensive damage.

180. On which barrier island did the Salzburgers settle?A. Cumberland IslandB. Jekyll IslandC. St. Catherines IslandD. St. Simons Island

181. What restriction was NOT placed on the Salzburger settlement at Frederica?A. The settlers could not buy rum.B. The settlers could not own slaves.C. The settlers could not trade alcohol to the Indians.D. The settlers could not travel outside their settlement.

GPS SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history.b. Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s colonial history emphasizing the role of theSalzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat from Florida.

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182. The greatest threat to the Georgia colony came fromA. the Indians who lived in the area.B. the area’s harsh climate.C. the Spanish in Florida.D. new diseases.

183. Where did the Highland Scots settle in Georgia?A. AugustaB. DarienC. New EbenezerD. Savannah

184. What was the importance of the Battle of Bloody Marsh?A. It ended the threat of war from Native Americans.B. It demonstrated the strength of the British militia.C. It resulted in Georgia’s gaining new lands on which to settle.D. It was the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British.

185. What group came to the aid of James Oglethorpe in the Battle of Bloody Marsh?A. CatholicsB. Highland ScotsC. SalzburgersD. Spaniards

186. Which was NOT an area of discontent in Georgia?A. slaveryB. voting rightsC. the sale of rumD. ownership of land

187. Why did James Oglethorpe welcome the War of Jenkins’s Ear?A. It was a way to revive the slumping economy.B. It gave him an excuse to invade Spanish Florida.C. It would remove the Indian menace from Georgia.D. It provided a means to showcase the strength of the British.

188. Which is a reason why the vision of the trustees for Georgia was never fulfilled?A. Georgia was a political failure.B. Too many debtors settled in Georgia.C. The Indians and Spanish caused the settlers to live in fear.D. Dissension caused many settlers to move from the colony.

189. With which trustee policy did the colonists disagree?A. hard workB. prohibition of slaveryC. military trainingD. land allotments

190. What policy did the king make to ensure that the trustees did not take advantage of thecolony?A. The trustees could not hold office.B. The trustees could not serve more than one year.C. The trustees broke off all ties with Great Britain.D. The trustees donated their own money to provide food for the colonists.

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191. What term was used to describe those who complained about the policies of the trustees?A. dissidentsB. malcontentsC. objectorsD. rebels

192. The Highland Scots opposedA. keeping close ties with Great Britain.B. giving women the right to vote.C. trading with the Spanish.D. permitting slavery.

To review this period of history, read pages 115-116, 120-127 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about this period, go towww.ourgeorgiahistory.com/people/oglethorpe.html.To learn more about the Salzburgers, go to www.georgiasalzburgers.com/.

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GPS SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history.c. Explain the development of Georgia as a royal colony with regard to land ownership,slavery, government, and the impact of the royal governors.

193. In 1752, Georgia became aA. debtor colony.B. proprietary colony.C. royal colony.D. self-governing colony.

194. Who was the first royal governor of Georgia?A. Robert CastellB. Robert MontgomeryC. James OglethorpeD. John Reynolds

195. Who controlled Georgia when it became a royal colony?A. James OglethorpeB. a bicameral legislatureC. the king of Great BritainD. the people

196. While John Reynolds was its royal governor, Georgia establishedA. a unicameral legislature.B. local governing bodies.C. a court system.D. land ownership rights.

197. What event did NOT occur during the period in which Georgia was a royal colony?A. the French and Indian WarB. the Declaration of IndependenceC. the Battle of Bloody MarshD. the Proclamation of 1763

198. What city served as Georgia’s capital during its period as a royal colony?A. AtlantaB. AugustaC. MaconD. Savannah

199. Governor Reynolds disbanded the legislature becauseA. there was a disagreement over how to improve military defenses.B. there was a conflict between the two houses in the legislature.C. some members of the lawmaking body were elected illegally.D. he believed the governor should have sole power.

200. Who was the second royal governor of Georgia?A. Henry EllisB. Henry MusgroveC. John ReynoldsD. James Wright

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201. What change was NOT brought about during the term of Georgia’s second royal governor?A. More merchants started businesses.B. Newcomers brought slaves to Georgia.C. The number of profitable farms increased.D. The first newspaper in Georgia was published.

202. Who was governor of Georgia when palisades were built around Savannah, Sunburybecame Georgia’s main port of entry, and the term crackers was used to refer toundesirables?A. James WrightB. John ReynoldsC. James OglethorpeD. Henry Ellis

203. During the time that Georgia was a royal colony, how many acres of land did a citizenhave to own in order to be elected to the Commons House of Assembly?A. 100B. 250C. 500D. 1,000

204. When Georgia was a royal colony, how were members of the upper house of the legislature,the Governor’s Council, chosen?A. They were elected by the voters.B. They were appointed by the king.C. They were appointed by the royal governor.D. They were chosen by members of the lower house of the legislature.

205. In which area did Georgia settlers NOT show progress during the time it was a royalcolony?A. land ownershipB. expansion of slaveryC. growth of self-governmentD. closer political ties with Great Britain

206. Which statement BEST describes Georgia’s first government as a royal colony?A. The government had a unicameral legislature representing Georgia’s eight counties.B. The government had a bicameral legislature representing Georgia’s eight parishes.C. The government included a House of Commons and a House of Assembly.D. The government had an Advisory Council appointed by the king of England.

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To review this period of history, read pages 142-148 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about the period when Georgia was a royal colony, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-818.

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QCC 12 Political Geography Economic Human Environment Socio-ReligiousCompares and contrasts political, economic and socio-religious development of the NewEngland, Middle Atlantic, and Southern colonies. Discusses how the different physicaland religious environments provided opportunities for or placed constraints on humanactivities.

QCC 13 DevelopmentCompares the development of early Georgia with that of other colonies.

GPS SSE1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services producedin Georgia during different historical periods.

207. Which economic activity did the colonists in New England pursue during the colonialperiod?A. production of naval storesB. plantation farmingC. manufacturingD. fishing

208. Which was a Middle Colony?A. GeorgiaB. MassachusettsC. New YorkD. Virginia

209. People in the Middle Colonies made a living byA. fishing.B. manufacturing.C. naval stores.D. whaling.

210. In the Middle Colonies, schools prepared boys forA. a trade.B. college.C. marriage.D. a profession.

211. In the Southern Colonies, boys from wealthy families were taught byA. tutors.B. ministers.C. college professors.D. parents.

212. Restrictions in the New England Colonies did NOT include one againstA. dancing.B. gambling.C. drinking alcohol.D. wearing frilly clothes.

213. Which leisure activity was NOT found in the colonies?A. boatingB. fox huntingC. horse racingD. storytelling

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214. The first representative form of government in the British colonies was established inA. Georgia.B. Massachusetts.C. New York.D. Virginia.

215. The main church established in the Southern Colonies wasA. Anglican.B. Baptist.C. Catholic.D. Methodist.

216. What area in the New World earned the nickname the “breadbasket colonies”?A. Georgia and the CarolinasB. Middle ColoniesC. Southern ColoniesD. Western Colonies

217. Which group of colonies was home to rugged terrain, rocky soil, and harsh weather?A. Middle ColoniesB. New England ColoniesC. Southern ColoniesD. Western Colonies

218. Which group of colonies had the mildest climate?A. Middle ColoniesB. New England ColoniesC. Southern ColoniesD. Western Colonies

219. Which statement BEST describes the long-term impact of the religious climate of theNew England Colonies?A. Church services were social occasions with attendance expected, short sermons, much

singing and after-service get togethers to establish community bonds.B. Religious experiences emphasized the importance of education, a strong work ethic,

and determination in facing obstacles and challenges.C. The religious atmosphere was formal but not overly strict, with an emphasis on the

social opportunities presented through church participation.D. The religious climate was extremely rigid and strict with a strong emphasis on punishment

for not behaving in an acceptable manner.

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220. Since all of the early colonies were located on the Atlantic coast, which statement BESTexplains why shipbuilding was a major economic factor only in the New England andthe Middle Colonies?A. The New England and the Middle Colonies lacked fertile land suitable for farming so

they had to develop industries such as shipbuilding.B. While Southern Colonies had abundant water and forest resources, their trees were

mostly softwoods, like longleaf pines that were not suitable for shipbuilding.C. The New England and the Middle Colonies were settled much earlier than the Southern

Colonies and they focused on shipbuilding to get transportation to and from the NewWorld.

D. The Southern Colonies were settled by a lower class of immigrants who lacked thespecial skills for trade such as shipbuilding.

221. Which colonies were dominated by the Church of England during the colonial period?A. Middle and Southern ColoniesB. New England ColoniesC. New England and Middle ColoniesD. Southern Colonies

222. What was the economic base of the Southern Colonies during the colonial period?A. mining, manufacturing, textiles, and riceB. rice, silk, indigo, tobacco, and forest productsC. wheat, rye, tobacco, and riceD. shipbuilding, naval stores, and wood furniture

223. What was the economic base of the Middle Colonies during the colonial period?A. textiles, manufacturing, mining, and wheatB. fishing, fruits, grains, and shipbuildingC. shipbuilding, naval stores, grain, and riceD indigo, silk, rice, and tobacco

224. Which group was the dominant religious group in Georgia during the colonial period?A. AnglicanB. CatholicC. JewishD. Puritan

225. Which statement BEST describes how young men from wealthy families in the Southwere educated during the colonial period?A. They were educated in dame schools or old field schools.B. They were educated by tutors or in schools abroad.C. They were educated in church schools or public schools.D. They were educated in home schools or public schools.

226. Which form of punishment was NOT used by the Puritans?A. caningB. dunking chairsC. stockadesD. time out

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Colony Date Type Reason(s) for EconomicSettled Colony Settlement Activities

Massachusetts 1620 Corporate Religious Manufacturing: lumbering,freedom shipbuilding, iron working

Agriculture: fish, corn,livestock

New Hampshire 1638 Proprietary Planned fishing Manufacturing: textiles,colony; settled by shipbuildingexiles from Agriculture: potatoes, fishMassachusetts

Rhode Island 1636 Corporate Religious freedom Manufacturing: lumberingfrom Puritans in Agriculture: livestock, dairy,Massachusetts fish

Connecticut 1636 Corporate Move from Agriculture: wheat, corn, fishMassachusetts formore freedom

New York 1626 Proprietary Taken from Dutch Manufacturing: shipbuildingAgriculture: cattle, grain, rice,indigo, wheat

New Jersey 1664 Proprietary Freedom of religion Manufacturing: iron working,lumbering

Delaware 1638 Proprietary First settled Manufacturing: lumberingby Dutch Agriculture: fish

Pennsylvania 1682 Proprietary Land grant to Manufacturing: textiles,William Penn paper, shipbuilding

Agriculture: wheat, corn,cattle, dairy

Virginia 1607 Corporate Riches, Plantation Agriculture:precious metals tobacco, wheat, corn

Maryland 1633 Proprietary Refuge for Manufacturing: shipbuilding,Catholics iron working

Agriculture: corn, wheat, rice,indigo

North Carolina 1653 Proprietary Expansion Plantation Agriculture:from Virginia indigo, rice, tobacco

South Carolina 1663 Proprietary Expansion Plantation Agriculture:from Virginia indigo, rice, tobacco, cattle,

cotton

Georgia 1732 Proprietary Freedom Plantation Agriculture:for debtors; indigo, rice, sugarbarrier againstSpanish Florida

Use the chart to answer Questions 227-232.

Settlement of the Thirteen Colonies by the English

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227. Which colony did the British settle first?A. GeorgiaB. MassachusettsC. New YorkD. Virginia

228. Georgia was settled as a proprietary colony. How many other colonies began as proprietarycolonies?A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 9

229. What reason for settlement was unique to Georgia?A. It was established to protect the other colonies from their enemies.B. It was established because sugar cane could be grown there.C. It was established because it had a mild climate.D. It was established for religious freedom.

230. Which was the last of the thirteen colonies established by the British?A. GeorgiaB. North CarolinaC. PennsylvaniaD. Rhode Island

231. Which group of colonies had little manufacturing?A. MiddleB. New EnglandC. SouthernD. Western

232. What was the predominant type of manufacturing found in the colonies?A. iron workingB. lumberingC. shipbuildingD. textiles

233. What reason does NOT explain why agriculture in the Southern Colonies was differentfrom that in the New England Colonies?A. The Southern Colonies had a longer growing season.B. The Southern Colonies had a larger labor force.C. The Southern Colonies had a milder climate.D. The Southern Colonies had richer soil.

To review information about Georgia and the other British colonies, read pages 110-141 inGeorgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To find more information on the settlement of the thirteen British colonies, go towww.timepage.org/spl/13colony.html#mass orwww.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/13colonies1.htm.

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QCC 15 Causes of American RevolutionExplains the causes of the American Revolution.

GPS SS8H3 The student will analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution.a. Explain the immediate and long term causes of the American Revolution and theirimpact on Georgia including the French and Indian War (aka Seven Years War),Proclamation of 1763, Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, and the Declaration of Independence.

234. Which statement BEST describes the military preparedness of the French and the Britishas the French and Indian War began?A. The French forces had more experienced military leaders but lacked a strong army to

fight the British.B. The British had the strongest navy and army but lacked Indian alliances to fight the

French.C. The French had the strongest navy and army but their settlers fought bitterly among

themselves.D. The French had a number of alliances with the Indians, but the British had a larger

number of troops.

235. Which statement BEST describes how Great Britain’s victory in the French and IndianWar contributed to problems between the colonists and the Indians?A. After the British victory, the colonists resented the Indians, who had fought with the

French against the British in the war.B. When the British gained French lands at the end of the war, the colonists moved into

these new territories, which were occupied by the Indians.C. When the French and the Indians lost the war, the British and the colonists sought to

punish the Indians.D. When the war ended, the Indians became allies with Spain and continued their hostilities

against the British and the British colonies.

236. Which statement BEST describes the effect of the French and Indian War on Georgia’sgrowth and development?A. Georgia gained new lands, new water access for shipping, ample farmland, and rich

forests with timber and naval stores.B. Georgia gained many new settlers who were living in the lands that were added to

Georgia’s colonial boundaries.C. Georgia took possession of several key French forests, which added to the defenses of

Georgia against the Spanish.D. Once the French and the Indian tribes were defeated and no longer a threat to Georgia,

the colony prospered in a stable and peaceful environment.

237. During the French and Indian War, why did most of the Native American tribes sidewith the French?A. The Indians had become Catholic.B. The Indians worked for the French as guides.C. The Indians negotiated treaties with the French.D. The Indians were trading partners with the French.

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238. What two countries were involved in the negotiations that ended the French and IndianWar?A. Italy and FranceB. France and Great BritainC. Great Britain and PortugalD. France and the United States

239. Which statement BEST describes Georgia’s gains from the French and Indian War?A. Georgia gained lands to the south and east, water access for shipping, and timber

resources.B. Georgia gained lands to the north and west, part of Florida, and waterways for travel.C. Georgia gained land, naval stores and timber, farm acreage, and new settlers.D. Georgia gained the Creek and Cherokee Indian lands and gold mines.

240. What law forbade colonists to move west of the Appalachian Mountains?A. Emancipation ProclamationB. Intolerable ActsC. Missouri CompromiseD. Proclamation of 1763

241. Which does NOT describe an important use of the land that was given up by the Indiansunder the terms of the Proclamation of 1763?A. The land provided a buffer against the Spanish settlements.B. The land contained forests with naval stores resources.C. The land provided water access for future shipping.D. The land provided rich soil for good farming.

242. The Proclamation of 1763 moved Georgia’s southern boundary to theA. Altamaha River.B. Flint River.C. St. Marys River.D. Suwannee River.

243. Which statement BEST describes how the French and Indian War led to America’sRevolutionary War?A. Great Britain gained control of Canada and tried to use Canada’s tax structure on the

thirteen colonies.B. France lost the Louisiana Territory and the Southern Colonies argued with Great Britain

over claims to the newly acquired land.C. To get revenge, France incited rebellion in the colonies and enticed Spain to move into

the territories of the British colonies.D. To get money to repay war debts, Great Britain taxed the colonies on the premise that

the war had been necessary to protect the colonies from the French.

244. Which was NOT a cause of the American Revolution?A. Stamp ActB. Sugar ActC. Taxation ActD. Townshend Acts

245. Which British policy had the greatest affect on Georgia?A. The British increased an existing tax on wine and imported goods.B. The British required the colonies to ship their goods only on British ships.C. The British passed the Stamp Act adding a tax on newspapers and licenses.D. The British passed the Sugar Act to tax sugar and molasses from the West Indies.

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246. Which event began with a snowball fight and ended with five deaths?A. Battles of Lexington and ConcordB. Battle of Bunker HillC. Boston MassacreD. Boston Tea Party

247. Which was NOT a provision of the Intolerable Acts?A. The British closed the port of Boston until the colonists paid for the tea that was destroyed

in the Boston Tea Party.B. The British required citizens in Boston to pay additional taxes to pay for damage during

the Boston Tea Party.C. The British prohibited the Massachusetts colonists from having town meetings.D. The British required citizens in all the colonies to house and feed British soldiers.

248. Which was NOT a reason for Georgia to stay loyal to England?A. Many colonists still had family in Great Britain and did not want to put them in

danger.B. Life under the Patriots might be harder than life under the control of the British.C. The colonists in Georgia were not directly affected by the British laws.D. The British king was still paying money to support the colonies.

249. What is the first of the three parts of the Declaration of Independence called?A. IntroductionB. ObjectiveC. PreambleD. Preface

250. How many grievances against King George III are listed in the Declaration ofIndependence?A. 25B. 27C. 29D. 33

251. Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?A. John AdamsB. Benjamin FranklinC. Thomas JeffersonD. Thomas Paine

252. What is included in the third part of the Declaration of Independence?A. a declaration of independenceB. a declaration of war on Great BritainC. a warning to King George to change his waysD. a call for a meeting to establish a new government

253. Where did the first colonial victory in Georgia during the American Revolution occur?A. Kettle CreekB. LexingtonC. SavannahD. Sunbury

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254. Who was the commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution?A. Elijah ClarkeB. Nathanael GreeneC. Benjamin LincolnD. George Washington

255. Where did the final major battle of the American Revolution take place?A. CamdenB. ConcordC. LexingtonD. Yorktown

256. Which statement does NOT describe an advantage of the colonists during the AmericanRevolution?A. They were fighting for their freedom.B. They were fighting in a concentrated area.C. They were fighting for their homes.D. They were fighting on familiar terrain.

257. What were the Townshend Acts of 1767?A. British taxes on imported goods such as tea and glass.B. British taxes on hotels and other lodging accommodations.C. British taxes on newspapers, magazines, and official licenses.D. British taxes on all goods not exported or imported on British vessels.

258. Which statement BEST explains why anti-British sentiment was less in Georgia than inthe other colonies during the Revolutionary period?A. Georgia had more British settlers than the other colonies, and they were more loyal to

Great Britain.B. Georgia was far younger as a colony than the other colonies, and it still needed much

support from Great Britain.C. Georgia was not as successful as the other colonies, and it could not afford to raise funds

to fight the British.D. Georgia had a much smaller population than the other colonies, and it did not have

enough men for an army to fight the British.

259. Which countries’ representatives signed the Treaty of Paris to end the AmericanRevolution?A. Great Britain, Spain, and the United StatesB. The United States and Great BritainC. Great Britain, France, and the United StatesD. Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies

260. Which statement does NOT describe a way in which independence from Great Britainaffected Georgia’s ability to govern itself?A. Georgia had to work cooperatively with other colonies, which were now independent.B. Georgia would have to abide by the laws of a strong, new national government.C. Georgia would no longer have financial support from Great Britain.D. Georgia would be able to establish a new form of government.

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261. What was a consequence of the Stamp Act?A. Georgia’s only newspaper ceased being printed.B. The colonists stopped all trade with the British.C. British troops were housed in colonial homes.D. The Boston Tea Party was held.

Use the map to answer Questions 262-264.

North America in 1763

262. What period in American history is represented by the map?A. post-Revolutionary WarB. post-Civil WarC. post-French and Indian WarD. the Exploration Period

263. What natural feature did the Proclamation Line of 1763 follow?A. Appalachian MountainsB. Atlantic OceanC. Mississippi RiverD. Ohio River

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264. What country controlled the land west of the Mississippi River?A. Great BritainB. FranceC. SpainD. The United States

Use the two maps below to answer Questions 265-266.

265. The map on the left shows North America before 1763 while the one on the right showsNorth America after 1763. What territorial change did NOT occur after 1763?A. Russia claimed land in present-day Alaska.B. Spain controlled the Louisiana Territory.C. Great Britain got control of Spanish Florida.D. France gave up disputed land in the Ohio Valley.

266. According to the information on the two maps, which statement best describes territorialchanges in North America after 1763?A. The French continued to control Quebec.B. Russia expanded its land claims south of present-day Alaska.C. Spain controlled more land in North America.D. Great Britain ceded land to Spain.

To review the American Revolution, read pages 149-165 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).For additional information on the American Revolution, go towww.americanrevolution.com.For additional information on Georgia in the American Revolution, go towww.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/amrev.htm.For additional information on Georgians who signed the Declaration of Independence, goto www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gasigner.htm.

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QCC 16 PersonalitiesIdentifies major events and related personalities of the American Revolution.

QCC 17 Independence Revolutionary WarAnalyzes attitudes in Georgia toward independence from England and summarizes Georgia’srole in the Revolutionary War.

QCC 28 Independence, Reconstruction, and Influential PeopleIdentifies influential Georgians from Independence through Reconstruction (men, womenand minorities).

GPS SS8H3 The student will analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution.b. Analyzes the significance of people and events in Georgia on the Revolutionary War toinclude Loyalists, Patriots, Elijah Clarke, Austin Dabney, Nancy Hart, Button Gwinnett,Lyman Hall, George Walton, Battle of Kettle Creek, and siege of Savannah.

267. Which Georgian served as a representative to the Second Continental Congress?A. Henry EllisB. Lyman HallC. Patrick HenryD. James Wright

268. Who were the three Georgians who signed the Declaration of Independence?A. Lyman Hall, George Walton, and Noble Wimberly JonesB. George Walton, Henry Ellis, and James WrightC. George Walton, Lyman Hall, and Button GwinnettD. Lyman Hall, Button Gwinnett, and James Wright

269. Who was the youngest person to sign the Declaration of Independence?A. Henry EllisB. Button GwinnettC. George WaltonD. James Wright

270. Who was the leader of the militia near Washington, Georgia?A. George WashingtonB. Nathanael GreeneC. Benjamin LincolnD. Elijah Clarke

271. Which statement about Nancy Hart, a famous Revolutionary War heroine, is FALSE?A. She served as a spy for Elijah Clarke.B. She was the mother of a U.S. senator.C. She was six feet tall and had red hair.D. She was called “Wahatchee War Woman” by the Cherokee.

272. Which statement does NOT express a reason Loyalists gave for being loyal to GreatBritain during the American Revolution?A. Some feared life under the Patriots would be harder than life under Great Britain.B. The British king was paying money to support the colonies; therefore, he had a right to

rule them.C. Some feared friends and family in Great Britain might be punished if they supported

the Patriots.D. The British king should not be held responsible for problems that occurred across the

ocean in the colonies.

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273. Who headed the militia that defeated the British at the Battle of Kettle Creek?A. Ethan AllenB. Elijah ClarkeC. Austin DabneyD. George Washington

274. What was the importance of the Battle of Kettle Creek?A. The colonists took needed weapons and horses from the British.B. It was the last battle fought in Georgia during the Revolutionary War.C. The British were driven into Florida and were unable to regroup.D. The Indians joined with the colonists to defeat the British.

275. Who was the foreign patriot who died during the siege of Savannah?A. Marquis de LafayetteB. Bernardo de GalvezC. Casimir PulaskiD. Jean Baptist Rochambeau

276. What was the MOST significant result of the siege of Savannah?A. The British were pushed out of Georgia.B. The city of Savannah remained in British hands.C. It was the deadliest battle of the Revolutionary War.D. It was the last major conflict of the Revolutionary War.

277. Who was the black soldier who was seriously wounded at the Battle of Kettle Creek?A. Crispus AttucksB. Austin DabneyC. Frederick DouglassD. Agippa Hull

278. Which was NOT another name for Patriots?A. RoyalistsB. ColonialsC. WhigsD. Liberty Boys

279. Which activity was NOT supported by the Patriots?A. Committees of CorrespondenceB. Boston Tea PartyC. Townshend ActsD. Continental Congress

For more information on famous people and events in Georgia during the AmericanRevolution, read pages 153-165 in Georgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press,2005).For more information on Georgia blacks in the American Revolution, go tofreepages.history.rootsweb.com/~cescott/dabney.html.For more information on Loyalists in Georgia, go towww.petersnn.org/petersnn/Loyalists.html.For profiles on the Georgians who signed the Declaration of Independence, go towww.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gasigner.htm.

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QCC 18 StatehoodExplains the concept of “statehood” in Georgia in 1776.

QCC 19 Georgia ConstitutionAnalyzes the Georgia Constitution of 1777 and explains why it is inadequate as a basisfor state government today.

GPS SS8H4 The student will describe the impact of events that led to the ratificationof the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

a. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of both the Georgia constitution of 1777 and theArticles of Confederation and explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederationled to a need to revise the Articles.

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280. Which condition did NOT exist in Georgia after the Revolutionary War?A. The war divided families.B. The state’s economy was ruined.C. Food was limited in rural Georgia.D. Georgia became a manufacturing area.

281. Under Georgia’s Constitution of 1777, governors were selected byA. the legislature.B. a vote of the citizens.C. the Chairman of each parish.D. the Executive Council of Georgia.

282. Which statement BEST describes a weakness of Georgia’s first state constitution?A. Georgia’s first constitution established a unicameral legislature with strong powers,

including the power to appoint the governor and control his actions.B. Georgia’s first constitution outlined a government based on the separation of powers

among different branches.C. Georgia’s first constitution did away with the existing parishes and established eight

counties.D. Georgia’s first constitution established a one-year term of office for the governor.

283. Georgians adopted their first constitution at a convention held inA. Atlanta.B. Augusta.C. Brunswick.D. Savannah.

284. Which county was not one of the original eight counties established by the GeorgiaConstitution of 1777?A. BurkeB. LibertyC. WhitfieldD. Wilkes

285. The writers of Georgia’s first constitution wanted to limit the power of the governorbecauseA. they believed the legislature, which was closer to the people, should have more power.B. in the past the governor showed too much loyalty to the king.C. they feared the governor would become a dictator.C. there were no good candidates for governor.

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286. Who was elected Georgia’s first governor under the Constitution of 1777?A. Button GwinnettB. Lyman HallC. John TreutlenD. George Walton

287. All of Georgia’s first eight counties were located in theA. northwest.B. southeast.C. northeast.D. southwest.

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To review Georgia’s Constitution of 1777, read pages 155-157 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To read a copy of Georgia’s Constitution of 1777, go towww.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/states/ga02.htm.

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QCC 20 Articles of ConfederationIdentifies the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and analyzes why the Americanscreated a loose confederation of states.

GPS SS8H4 The student will describe the impact of events that led to the ratificationof the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

a. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of both the Georgia constitution of 1777 and theArticles of Confederation and explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederationled to a need to revise the Articles.H

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288. The first written plan for the government of the United States was called theA. American Constitution.B. Articles of Confederation.C. Colonial Confederation.D. Constitution of the United States.

289. Because of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation,A. the citizens paid higher taxes to support the government.B. the thirteen states could not become a unified nation.C. George Washington refused to become president.D. the thirteen states refused to sign the document.

290. Which power was NOT given to the legislature under the Articles of Confederation?A. levy taxesB. declare warC. coin moneyD. send or recall ambassadors

291. Under the Articles of Confederation, there was noA. president.B. law-making body.C. president or court system.D. law-making body or court system.

292. Why were government leaders hesitant to change the Articles of Confederation?A. They were afraid people would panic.B. They did not have the support to make changes.C. They believed it was too soon to make changes.D. They were afraid foreign countries would view change as a weakness.

293. Why did the authors of the Articles of Confederation want a federal government withlittle power?A. They did not favor a government that gave power to the southern states.B. They considered themselves 13 separate states rather than one nation.C. They had just freed themselves from the domination of a strong, powerful government

in Great Britain.D. They wanted local governments to have the most power since that form of government

was closest to the people.

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294. Which statement does NOT describe a weakness of the Articles of Confederation?A. The new Congress could not implement a national currency.B. The new Congress provided a central government for dealings with other nations.C. The new Congress could not regulate trade between the United States and other nations.D. The new Congress could not raise adequate money to pay soldiers who had served in

the Revolutionary War.

To review Georgia’s Constitution of 1777, read pages 155-157 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review the Articles of Confederation, read pages 174 and 502 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To read a copy of Georgia’s Constitution of 1777, go towww.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/states/ga02.htm.

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QCC 21 ConstitutionAnalyzes Georgia’s role in the 1787 Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia and itssupport of the new national constitution emphasizing: ratification, political party, andBill of Rights.

QCC 28 Independence, Reconstruction, and Influential PeopleIdentifies influential Georgians from Independence through Reconstruction (men, womenand minorities).

GPS SS8H4 The student will describe the impact of events that led to the ratificationof the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

b. Describe the role of Georgia at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 including therole of Abraham Baldwin and William Few, and reasons why Georgia ratified the newconstitution.

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295. The purpose of the Constitutional Convention, which was held in Philadelphia in1787, was toA. sign the Treaty of Paris.B. select the nation’s new president.C. revise the Articles of Confederation.D. draft a Declaration of Independence.

296. How many delegates attended the Constitutional Convention of 1787?A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 65

297. Which national figures attended the Constitutional Convention?A. James Madison and Benjamin FranklinB. George Washington and Thomas JeffersonC. John Adams and Thomas PaineD. Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams

298. Which issue was NOT addressed by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention?A. slaveryB. representationC. women’s rightsD. voting requirements

299. Which statement describes the position of delegates from larger states regardingthe United States Senate?A. They wanted U.S. senators to be directly elected by the people.B. They wanted membership in the Senate to be based on population.C. They wanted membership in the Senate to be the same for all states.D. They wanted slaves to be counted in determining membership in the Senate.

300. Which conflict did NOT play a role in how the new government was to be structuredin 1787?A. determining how to count slaves as part of the populationB. basing the representation in the federal government on populationC. dividing the legislature into two houses: Senate and House of RepresentativesD. dividing the new government into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial

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301. The U.S. Constitution was actually signed by only two of Georgia’s four delegates. Thetwo signers were William Few andA. Abraham Baldwin.B. Button Gwinnett.C. Thomas Jefferson.D. George Walton.

302. How many states ratified the U.S. Constitution before Georgia?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5

303. Which statement about Georgia’s ratification of the U.S. Constitution is TRUE?A. Georgia was the last state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.B. Georgia’s ratification of the U.S. Constitution was illegal.C. Georgia was the first southern state to ratify the U.S. Constitution.D. Georgia did not ratify the U.S. Constitution until after the Civil War.

304. The initial purpose in calling the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 was toA. gain consent of the states in order to confront the British.B. establish a stronger federal government.C. establish a national court system.D. regulate trade between the states.

305. Which principle of government is NOT part of the U.S. Constitution?A. separation of powersB. federalismC. checks and balancesD. volunteerism

To review the drafting of the United States Constitution, read pages 174-175 and 503-507in Georgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To read Georgia’s ordinance of ratification of the U.S. Constitution, go towww.usconstitution.net/rat_ga.html.

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QCC 22 Westward ExpansionTraces the western expansion of Georgia after the Revolution emphasizing: Trans-OconeeRepublic and Yazoo Land scandal.

GPS SS8H5 The student will explain significant factors that affected the developmentof Georgia as part of the growth of the United States between 1789 and 1840.

b. Evaluate the impact of land policies pursued by Georgia to include the headrightsystem, land lotteries, Yazoo land fraud.

306. What was the purpose of the headright system in Georgia?A. It provided an organized system of collecting taxes.B. It established a method of counting population.C. It administered voting and election districts.D. It distributed Indian lands to new settlers.

307. What scandal took place when Georgia’s governor and some legislators were bribed tosell public land to private developers at below-market prices?A. Trail of Tears fraudB. Yazoo land fraudC. Mississippi land fraudD. Georgia’s land lottery

308. Why did Georgia give up land claims in what are now Mississippi and Alabama?A. The federal government paid millions to settle the Yazoo land fraud and disputed Georgia’s

right to the land.B. The state could not claim the land because the General Assembly illegally sold it to

private companies.C. The state did not have the millions of dollars required to purchase the land from Spain.D. The federal government wanted to set that land aside for the Indian population.

309. What caused confusion over land ownership in Georgia after the Revolutionary War?A. Lands were taken from the Tories, given away, returned to Tories, and taken again.B. Land deeds were not recorded until the new state constitution was adopted.C. After the Revolutionary War, all lands belonged to the federal government.D. Lands owned by British sympathizers were given to Patriots.

310. How many acres of land could the head of a family receive under the headright system?A. 1,000 acresB. 2,000 acresC. 2,500 acresD. 5,000 acres

311. What system replaced the headright system as a way of allocating land?A. tomahawk rightsB. land lotteryC. surveyingD. land rush

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312. Which was NOT a provision of the land lottery?A. War veterans were given extra chances.B. A person had to be over 21 to participate.C A person had to pay a fee to participate.D. Only men could participate.

313. Who was Georgia’s governor during the Yazoo land fraud?A. George MathewsB. James JacksonC. Elijah ClarkeD. Richard Allen

314. Which was NOT a result of the Yazoo land fraud?A. All land sales were repealed.B. All records of land sales were burned.C. The federal government paid money to settle claims.D. Those who bought the land made large profits from its eventual sale.

315. The Yazoo land fraud occurred because land companiesA. claimed land that had been acquired illegally.B. took land from the Native Americans by force.C. made illegal treaties with the Native Americans.D. bribed members of the legislature so they could buy land cheaply.

316. Problems related to Georgia’s western land were settled when GeorgiaA. returned the land to the Native Americans.B. gave up land to the federal government.C. gave up land to South Carolina.D. gave up land to Alabama.

317. To whom did Georgia’s governor and members of its General Assembly sell the landbetween the Mississippi and Yazoo rivers, resulting in the Yazoo land fraud?A. state governmentB. land companiesC. private land ownersD. federal government

318. Why was Georgia unable to refund the money it received from the sale of the Yazoolands?A. Many people who bought the land wanted to keep it.B. The state did not have enough money to make the refunds.C. There were no records to identify those who bought the land.D. The money from the sale of the lands was given to the United States government.

To review the Yazoo land fraud, read pages 177-178 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To read more about the Yazoo land fraud, go towww.ourgeorgiahistory.com/chronpop/3129.

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QCC 23 Displaced PeopleExamines and analyzes the events that led to the removal of the Indians from Georgia.

QCC 28 Independence, Reconstruction, and Influential PeopleIdentifies influential Georgians from Independence through Reconstruction (men, womenand minorities).

GPS SS8H5 The student will explain significant factors that affected the developmentof Georgia as part of the growth of the United States between 1789 and 1840.

d. Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and Cherokees including the rolesof Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega GoldRush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears.

319. Who was the Creek leader in the Oconee War between the Creek and the Georgia pioneers?A. Elias BoudinotB. Alexander McGillivrayC. William McIntoshD. Sequoyah

320. Which treaty required the Creek to give up all their land east of the Oconee River?A. Treaty of ParisB. Treaty of GhentC. Treaty of New YorkD. Treaty of Broken Promises

321. What was the last battle of the Creek War?A. YorktownB. New OrleansC. ChickamaugaD. Horseshoe Bend

322. Why was William McIntosh, a Creek chief, murdered by his own people?A. He signed a treaty giving up the last Creek lands in Georgia to the federal government.B. He was the cousin of Georgia’s Governor George Troup.C. He was defeated in a fight with the Georgia militia.D. He became friendly with the Cherokee.

323. Who were the first Native Americans to be removed to the western territories under theIndian Removal Act?A. CherokeeB. CreekC. AlgonquianD. Choctaw

324. What provision was NOT part of the Treaty of Washington?A. The Creek could not own any land.B. The Creek could not move from the reservation.C. The Creek would be protected by the federal government.D. The Creek would give up the last five million acres of land they owned.

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325. Which was the LEAST important reason for removing the Cherokee from their land?A. Georgians wanted to homestead Cherokee land.B. Georgians wanted the gold found on Cherokee land.C. Georgians wanted to trap and hunt on Cherokee land.D. Georgians wanted to eliminate the possibility of Cherokee attacks.

326. Which provision was NOT included in the laws that were passed after gold was discoveredon Cherokee land?A. Cherokee laws were declared null and void.B. Cherokee land was placed under state control.C. The Cherokee could not speak against white men in courts of law.D. The Cherokee were given a small percentage of the gold that was mined.

327. The removal of the Cherokee from Georgia is remembered as theA. Long Journey Home.B. Overland Trail.C. Trail to Nowhere.D. Trail of Tears.

Use the following map to answer Questions 328-330.

328. The Cherokee Nation was located in the states ofA. Alabama and Georgia.B. Georgia, Tennessee, and Kentucky.C. Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi.D. North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, and Alabama.

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329. All the trails along which the Indians were taken ended in the Indian Territory, which ismainly in the present-day state ofA. Arkansas.B. Kansas.C. Oklahoma.D. Texas.

330. Which statement describing the Indian Removal is FALSE?A. There were several trails.B. All the trails were overland routes.C. Many Indians followed a route through Tennessee.D. Some Indians traveled along the Arkansas and Mississippi rivers.

Use the following timeline to answer Questions 331-333.

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Timeline for the Trail of Tears 1838

February Cherokee Nation protested the Treaty of New EchotaMarch American citizens protested Cherokee removal before CongressApril Federal troops prepared for roundup of CherokeeMay Cherokee roundup began on May 23 in the midst of a terrible drought in the

SoutheastJune First group of Cherokee driven west under federal guard; other removals stopped

because of drought and sicknessJuly Over 13,000 Cherokee imprisoned in military stockades awaiting removal;

approximately 1,500 die in confinementAugust Cherokee met in stockade to reaffirm their sovereigntySeptember Drought ended; Cherokee prepared to move to OklahomaOctober Trail of Tears began for most CherokeeNovember Thirteen groups of Cherokee crossed Tennessee, Kentucky, and Illinois and reach

Mississippi River, where they were met with river iceDecember Last group of Cherokee left homeland; some 5,000 Cherokees were trapped east

of the Mississippi River by harsh winter 1839

January First of overland groups arrived at Fort Gibson, OklahomaFebruary Chief Ross’s wife died near Little RockMarch Last group headed by Ross reached Oklahoma. More than 4,000 Cherokee died

on Trail of Tears — 1,600 died in the stockades, about 1,600 died enroute, and800 died in Oklahoma

April Cherokees began to rebuild their nation in their new homeMay Western Cherokee met with new arrivals to establish a governmentJune Some Cherokee attempted to prevent eastern and western groups from uniting;

three Old Treaty Party leaders (John Ridge, Major Ridge, and Elias Boudinot)were killed

July Cherokee Act of Union brought the eastern and western Cherokee Nations togetherAugust Stand Watie, brother of Elias Boudinot, pledged revenge for deaths of party leadersSeptember Cherokee constitution adopted and Tahlequah established as the capital of the

Cherokee Nation

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331. When did the Trail of Tears begin for most Cherokee?A. May 1838B. June 1838C. October 1838D. January 1839

332. Which was NOT a problem on the Trail of Tears?A. bridges over the riversB. droughtC. illnessD. ice

333. Where was the capital of the new Cherokee Nation established?A. New EchotaB. Fort GibsonC. EvansvilleD. Tahlequah

334. The Cherokee did NOT go to war toA. win honor.B. avenge deaths.C. gain territory.D. terrorize the enemy.

335. After the French and Indian War, the Cherokee gave up their lands between the OgeecheeRiver and theA. Altamaha River.B. St. Marys River.C. Flint River.D. Savannah River.

336. What was George Gist’s (Sequoyah’s) major contribution to the Cherokee culture?A. He signed the treaty giving Cherokee lands to the United States.B. He signed the treaty moving the Cherokee to the Indian Territory.C. He gained fame as a hunter and trapper and trading the fur for weapons.D. He developed a syllabary so the Cherokee could have a written language.

337. Who worked out the Treaty of Indian Springs, which ceded the last Creek lands inGeorgia?A. Andrew Jackson and William McIntoshB. Andrew Jackson and Chief MenawaC. Governor George Troup and William McIntoshD. Governor George Troup and Chief Menawa

338. What discovery led to the final Indian removal from Georgia?A. silver on Creek landsB. gold in DahlonegaC. oil in ColumbusD. zinc in Madison

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339. What legislation allowed Georgia to push the Creek and Cherokee out of the state andto seize their lands?A. Treaty of New YorkB. Treaty of Indian SpringsC. Indian Removal Act of 1830D. U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Worchester v. Georgia

340. Who was the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court who ruled that Cherokee territorywas not subject to state law?A. John C. CalhounB. Andrew JacksonC. John MarshallD. John Ross

341. Who was the chief of the Cherokee who took a petition to Congress protesting theCherokee removal from their land?A. William McIntoshB. Chief MenawaC. John RossD. Sequoyah

342. What did President Andrew Jackson mean when he said “John Marshall has rendered hisdecision, now let him enforce it”?A. President Jackson meant he would see that troops were sent to enforce the decision.B. President Jackson meant that the Supreme Court must get the legislature to agree to the

decision.C. President Jackson meant that the Supreme Court was the supreme law of the land and

could do whatever it wanted.D. President Jackson meant the Supreme Court could not enforce the decision without the

support of the President.

To review the Indian Removal, read pages 192-203 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about John Ross, go to www.mindspring.com/~caruso/johnross.htm.To learn more about Worc(h)ester v. Georgia, go to www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/AntebellumEra/Topics-11&id=h-2720.To learn more about the Trail of Tears, go to www.rosecity.net/tears/.

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QCC 24 AntebellumExamines and analyzes political, economic, social, demographic and cultural characteristicsof antebellum Georgia and describes how Georgia compared to other areas of the UnitedStates.

GPS SS8H5 The student will explain significant factors that affected the developmentof Georgia as part of the growth of the United States between 1789 and 1840.

a. Explain the establishment of the University of Georgia, Louisville and the spread ofBaptist and Methodist churches.c. Explain how technological developments including the cotton gin and railroads impactedGeorgia’s growth.

GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services producedin Georgia in different historical periods.GPS SS8E2 The student will explain the benefits of free trade.

a. Describe how Georgians have engaged in trade in different historical time periods.

343. Which was NOT a characteristic of the North in the antebellum period?A. mobile class structureB. large number of citiesC. favored high tariffsD. supported states’ rights

344. Which was NOT a characteristic of the South in the antebellum period?A. mobile class structureB. favored low tariffsC. supported slaveryD. few formal educational institutions

345. In the southern social ladder, which group was immediately above the yeoman farmers?A. plantersB. free blacksC. farmers with slavesD. merchants and people of “letters”

346. In the southern social ladder, which group represented the smallest number of people?A. farmers with slavesB. free blacksC. plantersD. slaves

347. The largest group of white southerners were theA. planters.B. yeoman farmers.C. farmers with slaves.D. merchants and people of “letters.”

348. Which group did NOT include free blacks?A. lawyersB. farmersC. day laborersD. artisans

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349. With which church was Bishop Richard Allen associated in the early 1800s?A. Roman Catholic ChurchB. First African Baptist ChurchC. Church of the Latter Day SaintsD. African Methodist Episcopal Church

350. Which statement BEST describes a “land grant university,” such as the University ofGeorgia?A. The college was established as an agricultural college to improve farming.B. The college was a public university with free tuition to state residents.C. The land for the college was donated by the federal government.D. The land could not be used for any purpose other than a college.

351. What was Georgia’s earliest college for women?A. Franklin CollegeB. Georgia Female College (Wesleyan)C. Georgia Women’s CollegeD. University of Georgia

352. Which was the LEAST well-established church in Georgia in the early 1800s?A. AnglicanB. CatholicC. QuakerD. Baptist

353. The First African Baptist Church was established under the leadership of Andrew BryaninA. Savannah.B. Brunswick.C. Augusta.D. Albany.

354. What was the first building constructed at what is now the University of Georgia?A. Allen HallB. Franklin CollegeC. The School of CommerceD. Wesleyan Hall

355. What city became Georgia’s capital after Augusta?A. AtlantaB. AlbanyC. SavannahD. Louisville

356. Who gave the tract of land that became the University of Georgia?A. Native AmericansB. Federal governmentC. General AssemblyD. Colonial charter

357. By 1860, the two largest church denominations in Georgia wereA. Methodist and Baptist.B. Baptist and Jewish.C. Episcopal and Methodist.D. Episcopal and Catholic.

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358. Which church sent circuit riders to frontier settlements to provide monthly services?A. BaptistB. CatholicC. EpiscopalD. Methodist

359. Who established the first Methodist church in Georgia?A. John and Charles WesleyB. Bishop Richard AllenC. George WhitefieldD. Samuel Nunes

360. All the records from the Yazoo land fraud were burned in public in Georgia’s capitalcity ofA. Savannah.B. Louisville.C. Atlanta.D. Athens.

361. The Methodist and Baptist churches split over permittingA. divorce.B. slavery.C. communion for children.D. ordained women ministers.

362. Why was Louisville chosen as Georgia’s capital in 1786?A. Louisville was more centrally located.B. Louisville was the state’s largest city.C. Louisville was the most important center for trade.D. Louisville played an important role in the American Revolution.

363. The city of Louisville was modeled afterA. Atlanta.B. New York.C. Philadelphia.D. Washington, D.C.

Use the chart to answer Questions 364-366.

Year From Great Britain From Ireland From Germany From Asia

1820 2,400 3,600 970 0

1830 1,150 2,720 1,900 0

1840 2,600 39,430 29,700 1

1850 51,000 164,000 72,000 7

1860 30,000 48,700 54,500 5,576

Patterns of Immigration to the United States1820-1860

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364. According to the data, the largest increase in the number of immigrants wasA. from Asia between 1850 and 1860.B. from Germany between 1830 and 1840.C. from Ireland between 1840 and 1850.D. from Great Britain between 1840 and 1850.

365. According to the data, which area sent the largest number of immigrants to the UnitedStates from 1820 through 1860?A. AsiaB. IrelandC. GermanyD. Great Britain

366. According to the data, which is the largest increase in immigration?A. from Ireland between 1830 and 1840B. from Germany between 1840 and 1850C. from Great Britain between 1840 and 1850D. from Germany between 1830 and 1840

367. Which invention had the greatest effect on Georgia’s economy in the early 1800s?A. railroadB. telegraphC. cotton ginD. mechanical reaper

368. What LEAST affected industrialization during the period of western expansion?A. loans for land purchases to increase commercial farmingB. abundant power and a supply of laborers for manufacturingC. inventions such as the cotton gin, reaper, and cotton spinning wheelsD. the discovery of gold, which could be used as a source of funding or industrial

development

369. Which invention did NOT contribute directly to the industrialization of the UnitedStates during the period of western expansion?A. cotton ginB. mechanical reaperC. Franklin pot-bellied stoveD. water-powered spinning machine

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Use the map that follows to answer Questions 370-371.

Georgia Railroads

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370. According to the map, which city was BEST served by early railroads in Georgia?A. SavannahB. MaconC. AugustaD. Atlanta

371. Which area of the state was LEAST served by early railroads in Georgia?A. northwestB. Atlantic coastC. northeastD. central

372. Atlanta at one time was called Terminus becauseA. a majority of the railroads went through the city.B. no major railroad went through the city.C. the longest railroad line ended there.D. all the railroads ended there.

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373. Who invented the cotton gin?A. Cyrus McCormickB. Eli WhitneyC. Elias HoweD. John Deere

374. The cotton gin was used toA. pick cotton.B. plant cotton.C. turn cotton fiber into thread.D. separate the seeds from the cotton fiber.

375. Where was the first model of the cotton gin made?A. AugustaB. MaconC. SavannahD. Valdosta

376. Who invented the reaper?A. Elias HoweB. Cyrus McCormickC. James RumseyD. Eli Whitney

377. How did the cotton gin and reaper affect Georgia farmers?A. The inventions decreased the need for slaves.B. The inventions gave farmers more leisure time.C. The inventions increased the cost of farm products.D. The inventions allowed farmers to work larger farms.

378. Which railroad became the primary railroad in Georgia in the 1830s?A. Chesapeake and OhioC. Norfolk and WesternC. Baltimore and OhioD. Western and Atlantic

379. Before the railroad came to Georgia, which was NOT a method of transporting freight?A. riverboatB. steamboatC. ferryD. wagon train

380. What were roads that were built with logs in wet, swampy places called?A. turnpikesB. plank roadsC. highwaysD. footpaths

381. How did Eli Whitney’s invention influence the growth of slavery in the South?A. It made it easier for slaves to pick cotton.B. It increased the profits from growing cotton.C. It made it easier to produce cloth from cotton.D. It replenished the soil so that more cotton could be grown.

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382. What led to America’s becoming a “market economy”?A. discovery of goldB. growth of industrializationC. expansion of transportationD. development of commercial agriculture

383. Which was NOT a consequence of the depression that followed the Panic of 1837?A. Because people had little money to buy goods, many businesses closed.B. Because banks did not have enough cash to cover withdrawals, many banks failed.C. Because the federal government rushed to print more money, the depression was short-

lived.D. Because many planters could not repay the bank loans on their land, they lost their

farms.

384. Which statement BEST explains the nation’s move to a market economy during theperiod of western expansion?A. The beginning of commercial agriculture produced cash crops.B. The production of cash crops left little produce available for bartering.C. The invention of the cotton gin allowed ten times more cotton production per day.D. The opening of mills to spin cotton into yarn led the nation into an industrial period.

385. Which practice did NOT have the potential to hurt farmers in the new market economy?A. Farmers borrowed money on their lands while waiting for crops to sell.B. Farmers took risks on prices when deciding when to take crops to market.C. Farmers borrowed heavily to buy more land to increase production for the marketplace.D. Farmers used transportation facilities to move products to distant markets thus promoting

the expansion of railroads.

386. Which characteristic does NOT describe America’s movement into the industrial age?A. the innovations in farming and inventions of manufacturing equipmentB. the investment of money to expand factories and production processesC. the change from subsistence agriculture to commercial agricultureD. the overextension of loans to farmers and factory owners

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To review the social class structure in the antebellum period, read pages 215-219 in Georgiaand the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review religion and early education in Georgia, read pages 128, 186-188, 242, and 543in Georgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review the impact of technological improvements in Georgia during the early 1800s,read pages 179-183 in Georgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about the founding of the University of Georgia, go towww.uga.edu/uga/history.html.To read more about technological improvements, go toinventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfarm.htm.

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QCC 24 AntebellumExamines and analyzes political, economic, social, demographic and cultural characteristicsof antebellum Georgia and describes how Georgia compared to other areas of the UnitedStates.

QCC 25 States’ Rights SlaveryDescribes views about states’ rights and slavery and analyzes reasons for secession.

QCC 28 Independence, Reconstruction, and Influential PeopleIdentifies influential Georgians from Independence through Reconstruction (men, womenand minorities).

GPS SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstructionof Georgia.

a. Explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War includingslavery, states rights, nullification, Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and theGeorgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Dred Scott case, election of 1860, the debateover secession in Georgia and the role of Alexander Stephens.

387. Which statement does NOT describe the North’s position on states’ rights?A. States should obey the laws passed by Congress.B. All political decisions should be made to benefit the entire country.C. The interests of the national government should take precedence over the states.D. Politicians from states like Maine or New York cannot relate to the needs of states like

Georgia or South Carolina.

388. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written byA. Harriet Beecher Stowe.B. Angelina Grimke.C. William Lloyd Garrison.D. Frederick Douglass.

389. According to the provisions of the Missouri Compromise, what state was admitted as afree state?A. CaliforniaB. KansasC. MaineD. Missouri

390. What was the main importance of the Missouri Compromise?A. It permitted slavery to expand into the upper midwestern United States.B. It gave slaves states more representation than free states in Congress.C. It ended border skirmishes between Missouri and Kansas.D. It provided a temporary solution to the slavery question.

391. Sectionalism may BEST be defined as theA. belief that one region is better or more important than another.B. differences among states based on states’ rights.C. allocation of resources based on need.D. desire to divide two or more regions.

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392. Which was NOT a provision of the Compromise of 1850?A. California entered the Union as a free state.B. Slave trade was ended in the District of Columbia.C. The territories of New Mexico and Utah would decide if they wanted to be slave or free.D. Congress would pass a fugitive slave law to give freedom to slaves who ran away to free

states.

393. What is the correct sequence in which the following events occurred?1. Kansas-Nebraska Act2. Missouri Compromise3. Mexican-American War4. Dred Scott decision

A. 2-4-3-1B. 3-1-4-2C. 1-4-3-2D. 2-3-1-4

394. Who was the spokesperson for the idea of popular sovereignty?A. Jefferson DavisB. Stephen DouglasC. Abraham LincolnD. Alexander Stephens

395. Which statement BEST describes the failure of compromise?A. Compromise kept a balance between slave and free states.B. Compromise is only possible among rational people.C. Compromise did not prevent the Civil War.D. Compromise is usually short-lived.

396. Which is NOT a reason for the South’s refusal to support high tariffs?A. The South did not want to protect industries that were mostly located in the North.B. The South feared foreign countries would retaliate and not buy its cotton.C. The South did not have the money to pay the high tariff rates.D. The South bought many goods from foreign countries.

397. Which was NOT a cause of the Civil War?A. federalismB. sectionalismC. slaveryD. states’ rights

398. Who planned a slave revolt in nearby South Carolina?A. Frederick DouglassB. Gabriel ProsserC. Nat TurnerD. Denmark Vesey

399. Who led the bloodiest slave revolt in American history?A. Frederick DouglassB. Gabriel ProsserC. Nat TurnerD. Denmark Vesey

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400. Which definition BEST explains the Missouri Compromise?A. It said slaves captured in free states had to be returned to slave states.B. It allowed slavery in Maine but did not allow slavery in Missouri.C. It maintained a balance of power between slave and free states.D. It said that Missouri could have slavery.

401. Which was NOT a restriction imposed by slave codes?A. Slaves could not testify against whites.B. Slaves could not carry a weapon.C. Slaves could not hit whites.D. Slaves could not marry.

402. Who led a raid on a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia)?A. John BrownB. Stonewall JacksonC. Robert E. LeeD. Lewis Washington

403. What was the name given to a system of roads, houses, river crossings, boats, wagons,woods and streams that provided an escape route for slaves?A. Chariot WayB. Freedom TrailC. North Star RouteD. Underground railroad

Use the map to answer Question 404.

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404. According to the map of the underground railroad, where did MOST escaped slavesfrom Georgia flee to?A. FloridaB. MichiganC. PennsylvaniaD. across the Mississippi River

405. Who was the conductor on the underground railroad referred to as Moses?A. Harriet TubmanB. Sojourner TruthC. James FairfieldD. Henry Brown

406. What Georgia leader became the vice president of the Confederate States of America?A. Robert ToombsB. Alexander StephensC. Herschel JohnsonD. Joseph Brown

407. Which statement explains how the Dred Scott decision pushed the nation closer to war?A. The Supreme Court ruled that, while slaves were citizens, they could not sue.B. The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not stop slavery in

territories.C. The Supreme Court denied the legal right of the southern states and their institution of

slavery.D. The Supreme Court ruled that slave owners had to be reimbursed for slaves who escaped

on the underground railroad.

408. Who was the governor of Georgia during the Civil War?A. Joseph E. BrownB. Tunis CampbellC. Alfred ColquittD. John B. Gordon

409. Who was the Republican candidate for president of the United States in 1860?A. John BellB. John BreckenridgeC. Stephen A. DouglasD. Abraham Lincoln

410. Which statement about the election of 1860 is FALSE?A. A person who received a minority of the votes cast was elected.B. The Republican party had a presidential candidate for the first time.C. A candidate who received votes from only one section of the country was elected

president.D. The person elected president won without receiving one electoral vote from the states

in the South.

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411. After Lincoln’s election, which man called for Georgia to remain in the Union?A. Joseph BrownB. Thomas CobbC. Alexander StephensD. Robert Toombs

412. Which outcome resulted from the Compromise of 1850?A. Slavery was eliminated in the District of Columbia.B. California was allowed to enter the Union as a free state with no slavery.C. Texas was allowed to annex New Mexico, extending slavery into that territory.D. Popular sovereignty was established, allowing states to vote on whether or not to have

slavery.

413. The purpose of the Fugitive Slave Law was toA. require slaves to have citizenship papers in order to obtain jobs.B. prevent slaves from testifying against whites in court trials.C. prevent slaves from having group gatherings or meetings.D. require the return of runaway slaves to their owners.

414. What Georgians held positions of leadership in the Confederate States of America?A. Jefferson Davis and Herschel V. JohnsonB. Robert Toombs and Alexander StephensC. Joseph Brown and Thomas CobbD. John Fremont and C. B. Strong

415. Why did the United States Supreme Court rule against Dred Scott?A. because he was the property of his owner and could be taken anywhereB. because he did not live long enough in a free territory to be freeC. because Scott was a slave, he was not eligible to sue in courtD. because he returned to a slave state, he could not be freed

416. What was the “Georgia Platform”?A. It was a statement supporting states’ rights.B. It was a statement supporting popular sovereignty.C. It was a statement supporting the Compromise of 1850.D. It was a statement supporting slavery throughout the United States.

417. The purpose of the Constitutional Union party in Georgia was toA. preserve the Constitution.B. replace the Republican party in the South.C. get acceptance of the Compromise of 1850.D. illustrate the differences between the North and the South.

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421. Who was responsible for the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?A. Henry ClayB. Stephen A. DouglasC. Abraham LincolnD. Daniel Webster

422. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act change the Missouri Compromise?A. It made Missouri a free state.B. It created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska.C. It permitted slavery north of Missouri’s southern boundary.D. It changed the requirements necessary for a territory to become a state.

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Use Figure 22 to answer Questions 418-420.

418. How much did a slave cost in 1840?A. $750B. $1,000C. $1,250D. $1,500

419. In what year did slaves cost the least?A. 1820B. 1830C. 1840D. 1850

420. During what ten-year period did thecost of slaves stay the same?A. 1820-1830B. 1830-1840C. 1840-1850D. 1850-1860

To review the events leading to the Civil War, read pages 215-249 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about the events leading up to the Civil War, go towww.teacheroz.com/Civil_War_Causes.htm.To learn more about Georgia’s secession, go towww.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/secess.htm.

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QCC 26 Civil WarAnalyzes Georgia’s role in the Civil War and outlines the impact of the war on the state andnation.

GPS SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstructionon Georgia.

b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War to include Antietam, EmancipationProclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’sAtlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.

423. Which state was among the first seven states to leave the Union?A. VirginiaB. North CarolinaC. MissouriD. Georgia

424. Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?A. Jefferson DavisB. Robert E. LeeC. Alexander StephensD. Robert Toombs

425. What was the importance of Fort Sumter?A. It was strategically important to the South.B. It was the last southern garrison under federal control.C. It was the location of the first skirmish of the Civil War.D. It was the largest southern garrison under federal control.

426. After the firing on Fort Sumter, which states seceded?A. Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and VirginiaB. Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, and VirginiaC. Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, and ArkansasD. Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, and Texas

427. Which was NOT an advantage of the North as it prepared for war?A. The North had a larger and better educated population.B. The North was the location of the federal government.C. The North had a better transportation system.D. The North had more factories and industry.

428. Which was NOT an advantage of the South as it prepared for war?A. The South had better military leaders.B. The South had closer ties to foreign countries.C. The South was fighting for a cause — independence.D. The South was familiar with the land where most of the fighting would take place.

429. What contributed to the lack of success of the Union blockade?A. The South had a superior navy.B. Blockade runners slipped through the blockade.C. Great Britain found other ways to trade with the South.D. The Union did not have enough ships to enforce the blockade.

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430. What Confederate states would be isolated if the Anaconda Plan succeeded?A. Alabama, Louisiana, and TennesseeB. Louisiana, Mississippi, and TennesseeC. Mississippi, Texas, and ArkansasD. Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana

431. Who was the general who headed the Confederate forces?A. Ulysses S. GrantB. Robert E. LeeC. George B. McClellanD. William T. Sherman

432. What were the two major campaigns fought in Georgia during the Civil War?A. Atlanta campaign and the Savannah campaignB. Northern Georgia campaign and the Atlanta campaignC. Chickamauga campaign and the Jonesboro campaignD. Fort Pulaski campaign and the Chickamauga campaign

433. Which Union general led the “March to the Sea,” which devastated much of Georgia ona path from Atlanta to Savannah?A. William T. ShermanB. John M. SchofieldC. William S. RosecransD. Ulysses S. Grant

434. After the destruction caused by his march through Georgia, why did General Shermanrefrain from burning Savannah?A. He spared the hometown of his West Point roommate.B. He gave Savannah to President Lincoln as a Christmas present.C. He protected over $28 million worth of cotton stored in Savannah.D. He had divided the upper and lower Confederacy and so did not need to destroy the

city.

435. William T. Sherman attacked the civilian infrastructure between Atlanta and Savannahin order toA. retaliate for lives lost in the battle for Atlanta.B. force Georgia troops to return home to defend Georgia.C. end civilian support for the war effort and shorten the war.D. punish the South for seceding from the Union and forming the Confederacy.

436. Where was a notorious Confederate prison in Georgia?A. AlcatrazB. AndersonvilleC. Belle IsleD. Fulton

437. What Civil War battlefield is an Indian name meaning “River of Death”?A. AntietamB. ChancellorsvilleC. ChickamaugaD. Kanawha

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438. Who was the Confederate commander at Chickamauga?A. P. G. T. BeauregardB. Braxton BraggC. John FloydD. Robert E. Lee

439. Who was the Union commander at Chickamauga?A. Ulysses S. GrantB. George McClellanC. William RosecransD. William T. Sherman

440. Near what city is Chickamauga located?A. AtlantaB. SavannahC. BirminghamD. Chattanooga

441. Why was Chickamauga important to both the North and the South?A. It was a railroad center.B. It was a major recruiting center for the South.C. It was located halfway between two state capitals.D. It had a number of factories that produced war supplies.

442. After what battle was the Emancipation Proclamation issued?A. VicksburgB. GettysburgC. Bull RunD. Antietam

443. How was the Emancipation Proclamation a concession to the South?A. All slaves would be freed.B. Only male slaves would be freed.C. The South could keep their slaves if they stopped fighting.D. The slaves could decide if they wanted to remain on the plantations.

444. Who was the commander of the Confederate prison at Andersonville?A. Henry WirzB. George MurphyC. John HoodD. John Calhoun

445. Who was the Confederate commander during the battle for Atlanta?A. John FloydB. John HoodC. Robert E. LeeD. William T. Sherman

446. How long did the Union army occupy Atlanta before burning it to the ground?A. Two weeksB. One monthC. Six weeksD. Over two months

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447. Who was the Union commander during the battle for Atlanta?A. William T. ShermanB. Robert E. LeeC. John HoodD. John Floyd

448. Where did the bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil War take place?A. AntietamB. GettysburgC. ShilohD. Vicksburg

449. In what state did the Battle of Gettysburg take place?A. MarylandB. MississippiC. PennsylvaniaD. Virginia

To review the Civil War, read pages 252-276 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).For more information on Antietam and Gettysburg, go towww.civilwarhome.com/antietam.htm and www.civilwarhome.com/gettysbu.htm.For more information on the Civil War in Georgia, go towww.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/civilwar.htm.

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QCC 27 ReconstructionExplains the political, economic and social impact of Reconstruction policies on Georgiaand other southern states from 1865-1877.

QCC 28 Independence, Reconstruction, and Influential PeopleIdentifies influential Georgians from Independence through Reconstruction (men, womenand minorities).

GPS SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstructionon Georgia.

c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states emphasizingFreedmen’s Bureau, sharecropping and tenant farming, Reconstruction plans, 13th, 14th,and 15th amendments to the constitution, Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators,and the Ku Klux Klan.

450. What was President Abraham Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction called?A. 10 Percent PlanB. 100 Percent PlanC. Congressional PlanD. Radical Republican Plan

451. According to Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan, which group of southerners would bepardoned after taking an oath of allegiance?A. former soldiers and prisoners of warB. high-ranking civil and military leadersC. government officialsD. Confederate generals

452. To be pardoned, former Confederates had to agree toA. not purchase additional slaves.B. defend the U.S. Constitution.C. pay their fair share of taxes.D. lay down their arms.

453. To whom did President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan deny a general pardon?A. Southerners who owned more than 25 slavesB. Southerners who owned more than 50 slavesC. Southerners who owned more than $20,000 worth of landD. Southerners who owned more than $50,000 worth of land

454. Why was President Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan NOT enacted?A. The plan was too easy on the South.B. The Wade-Davis bill took its place.C. The plan did not have the support of the states.D. The plan did not become effective before Lincoln was assassinated.

455. Which provision was NOT part of President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction plan?A. Southern states had to pay higher taxes.B. Southern states had to approve the 13th Amendment.C. Southern states had to nullify their ordinances of secession.D. Southern states had to promise not to repay those who helped finance the Confederacy.

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456. Under the terms of the radical congressional plan of Reconstruction, whatamendment did a southern state have to ratify before it could rejoin the Union?A. 13thB. 14thC. 15thD. 16th

457. Why did President Johnson appoint James Johnson as provisional governor ofGeorgia in 1865?A. He had opposed succession as a state congressman.B. He was extremely popular with the people of Georgia.C. He denounced the congressional Reconstruction plan.D. He had supported Johnson when he ran for vice president.

458. What did the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution do?A. It abolished slavery.B. It made blacks citizens.C. It gave blacks the right to vote.D. It gave blacks the right to own property.

459. What did the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution do?A. It abolished slavery.B. It made blacks citizens.C. It gave blacks the right to vote.D. It gave blacks the right to own property.

460. What did the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution do?A. It abolished slavery.B. It made blacks citizens.C. It gave blacks the right to vote.D. It gave blacks the right to own property.

461. Who was one of the first two African Americans to serve in the United StatesSenate?A. Aaron BradleyB. Blanche BruceC. Rufus BullockD. Frederick Douglass

462. Who did Governor Rufus Bullock secretly swear in as his replacement in 1870before the Democrats could regain control of the government ofGeorgia?A. Aaron BradleyB. Blanche BruceA. Benjamin ConleyB. James M. Smith

463. What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?A. to help former slavesB. to help all free people in the SouthC. to help all poor people in the SouthD. to help former slaves and poor whites

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464. Who was the first commissioner of the Freedmen’s Bureau?A. Rufus BullockB. Ulysses S. GrantC. Oliver O. HowardD. Alfred Terry

465. What was NOT provided to sharecroppers?A. seedB. housesC. workersD. farming tools

466. With whom did sharecroppers share their harvest?A. land ownerB. neighborsC. creditorsD. the poor

467. How were tenant farmers different from sharecroppers?A. Tenant farmers owned all their equipment.B. Tenant farmers usually made a small profit.C. Tenant farmers bought their seed from the owner.D. Tenant farmers usually didn’t pay rent for their houses.

468. Which statement BEST describes the differences between sharecroppingand tenantfarming?A. Sharecroppers received a percentage of the crops produced and could set aside cash

money to purchase their own land, while tenant farmers had difficulty saving cash.B. Sharecroppers owned nothing but their labor, while tenant farmers owned farm animals

and equipment to use in working other people’s lands.C. Tenant farmers received a cash salary or wage for their farm work, while sharecroppers

received only a portion of the crops they raised.D. Tenant farmers earned equity or an interest in the land they worked from year to year

so that eventually they would own their own property.

469. The Black CodesA. denied blacks an education.B. set a five-day work week for blacks.C. allowed marriage between the races.D. allowed imprisonment of unemployed blacks.

470. The Ku Klux Klan began in Tennessee in 1865 as aA. social club.B. terrorist group.C. college fraternity.D. church organization.

471. Perhaps the main goal of the Ku Klux Klan was toA. return control of the southern governments to the Democrats.B. force the carpetbaggers to move back North.C. attract members from all social classes.D. return land to former Confederates.

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472. The BEST description of the Freedmen’s Bureau during Reconstruction was that itA. registered newly freed slaves to vote.B. helped the newly freed slaves adjust to their freedom.C. provided education, training, and social services for newly freed slaves.D. managed the distribution of farm land and animals to newly freed slaves.

473. Which statement about the Black Codes is FALSE?A. The Black Codes limited the types of jobs that newly freed slaves could have.B. The Black Codes permitted African Americans to be put in prison if they did not have

jobs.C. The Black Codes restricted the freedmen’s right to vote, serve on juries, and testify

against whites in court.D. The Black Codes established minimum working hours, a minimum work week, and a

minimum wage for the freedmen.

474. Which statement BEST describes the most important difference between theReconstruction plans of President Lincoln and the radical Congress?A. Lincoln’s plan involved bringing the nation back together to heal the wounds of war.B. The congressional plan sought to punish the South and prevent its reentry into the

Union.C. Lincoln’s plan required loyalty oaths and sought to help the South reenter the Union

quickly.D. The congressional plan treated the southern states like conquered provinces requiring

Congress to monitor the treatment of freedmen.

475. The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed in response toA. the adoption of laws known as Black Codes by the southern states.B. the rising violence from terrorist organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan.C. the refusal of white southerners to provide freedmen with land and farm animals.D. the refusal of some southern states to adopt constitutional provisions calling for an end

to slavery and involuntary servitude.

476. Which statement BEST describes the contributions of the Freedmen’s Bureau ineducation?A. The Bureau founded over 10,000 primary schools throughout the South for black and

white children.B. The Bureau established six major colleges in the South, all of which are located in the

metropolitan Atlanta area.C. The Bureau opened government agencies, including schools, colleges, and universities

for poor blacks and whites in the South.D. The Bureau set up thousands of primary schools, industrial or vocational schools, and

teacher training centers for African Americans in the South.

477. Which action led Congress to argue that Georgia was NOT “adequately reconstructed”in 1866?A. activities of the Ku Klux KlanB. limited number of Freemen’s Bureau schools opened in GeorgiaC. refusal of Georgia to ratify the 13th Amendment to the ConstitutionD. passage of Black Codes to restrict the civil rights of freedmen in Georgia

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478. What was the Georgia Act of 1869?A. federal legislation returning Georgia to military control because of KKK terrorism against

freedmenB. federal legislation refusing to admit Georgia to the Union until it ratified the 13th

AmendmentC. state legislation allowing freedmen the right to vote and the right to hold public officeD. state legislation ending Reconstruction in Georgia

479. What were the stages of Reconstruction in the South following the CivilWar?A. military, constitutional, and judicial stages of ReconstructionB. political, economic, social, and cultural stages of ReconstructionC. presidential, congressional, and military stages of ReconstructionD. loyalty, slavery, protection under the law, and voting protection stages of Reconstruction

480. How long did Reconstruction last in Georgia?A. two yearsB. five yearsC. seven yearsD. ten years

481. Henry McNeal Turner was expelled from his seat in the Georgia state legislature becauseA. he did not win the election fairly and honestly.B. he did not have the knowledge to be a legislator.C. he did not live in the district from which he was elected.D. he did not have the right to hold political office according to the constitution.

To review Reconstruction, read pages 294-311 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about black legislators in Georgia, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/HistoryArchaeology/CivilWarandReconstruction/GroupsOrganizations-10&id=h-635.To learn more about the Freedmen’s Bureau in Georgia, go towww.freedmensbureau.com/georgia/index.htm.

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482. After the Civil War, the only railroad operating in Georgia was theA. Georgia Pacific Railroad.B. Norfolk and Western Railroad.C. Western and Atlantic Railroad.D. Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad.

483. After the Civil War, which business was NOT revived by the increased production ofcotton?A. shippingB. importingC. dry goodsD. manufacturing

484. Which statement BEST explains why northern businessmen invested money to buildGeorgia’s textile industry after the Civil War?A. Georgia had plenty of cotton, abundant land and water, and inexpensive labor to supply

and operate textile mills.B. Georgia had plenty of railroads and major seaports for transporting cotton and textile

products when the Civil War ended.C. Georgia was one of the few southern states to retain capital (cash money and investments)

after the Civil War.D. Georgia was one of the few southern states to avoid violence and terrorism after the war

ended.

485. What important contribution did the Grange movement make in Georgia?A. It organized purchasing co-ops for farmers.B. It pressured the state legislature to form a Department of Agriculture.C. It forced railroads to lower freight rates and banks to lower farm loan rates.D. It showed new equipment and providing training to farmers in the newest techniques.

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QCC 29 One-party political systemAnalyzes the causes and effects of a one-party political system in Georgia followingReconstruction.

QCC 30 “New South” ManufacturingAnalyzes the “New South” movement in the 1870s and the 1880s and the subsequent riseof manufacturing in Georgia.

QCC 34 Influential GeorgiansIdentifies influential Georgians from Reconstruction through World War II.

GPS SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes thatoccurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

a. Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International CottonExposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 AtlantaRiot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period.

GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services producedin Georgia in different historical periods.GPS SS8E2 The student will explain the benefits of free trade.

a. Describe how Georgians have engaged in trade in different historical time periods.

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486. Which were major Georgia industries in the New South era?A. textiles, forest products, and miningB. farming, textile mills, and naval storesC. cotton, textiles, naval stores, and kaolinD. rice, indigo, row crops, and forest products

487. Which statement BEST explains the growth of Georgia’s textile industry during thelate 1800s?A. Georgia had abundant water resources to provide power for textile mills.B. Georgia had abundant supplies of the two essential raw materials for textiles — cotton

and wood.C. Georgia had water resources, a network of railroad lines, a supply of cotton, and coastal

seaports.D. Georgia had a strong educational system, which trained workers with special skills and

expertise in textiles.

488. Which statement does NOT describe an economic benefit of Georgia’s extensive forestresources?A. Forest products created sawmills, which served as the basis for new communities and

offered employment for many.B. Pine forests were used in the production of naval stores such as turpentine, pitch, and

tar.C. Coastal hardwood forests provided abundant timber for shipbuilding industries.D. Trees were turned into lumber for building and making furniture.

489. Which change did NOT benefit Georgia’s economic reconstruction?A. the construction of new railroad linesB. the opening of coastal seaports to handle imports and exportsC. the repeated growth of cotton and tobacco crops year after yearD. the reopening of banks capable of loaning money to farmers, businesses, and merchants

490. What was the major crop produced in Georgia when Reconstruction ended?A. cottonB. indigoC. naval storesD. rice

491. Which industry was NOT part of the economic growth of the New South?A. glassB. miningC. textilesD. timber

492. The New South, envisioned by Henry W. Grady, wouldA. provide separate facilities for different races.B. maintain its southern heritage.C. rival the North economically.D. promote tourism.

493. What group was supported by Tom Watson, a Georgia populist?A. farmersB. mill workersC. minersD. railroad workers

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494. What was Tom Watson’s greatest accomplishment?A. a voting bill for womenB. the Rural Free Delivery billC. a bill to provide meat inspectionsD. a bill to increase the minimum wage

495. Which statement BEST explains why the term “Bourbon Triumvirate” was mostappropriate for Joseph Brown, Alfred Colquitt, and John Gordon?A. The three men ruled the state consecutively for a period of over thirty years.B. The three men shared a strong belief in white supremacy or white superiority.C. The three men were political rulers drawn together by power and political goals.D. The three men were known for excessive business practices and high profit motives.

496. Rebecca Latimer Felton did NOT support theA. educational reform movement.B. temperance movement.C. suffrage movement.D. convict lease system.

497. Joseph Brown, a member of the Bourbon Triumvirate, did NOT supportA. increasing the number of industries in the South.B. creating stronger economic ties to the North.C. white supremacy.D. states’ rights.

498. The Bourbon Triumvirate believed inA. lower taxes.B. improving working conditions.C. economic assistance for the poor.D. expansion of educational opportunities.

499. Which is NOT an accomplishment of Henry Grady?A. He increased the circulation of the Atlanta Constitution.B. He helped plan the International Cotton Exposition.C. He served as governor of Georgia.D. He helped establish Georgia Tech.

500. What was the main purpose of the International Cotton Exposition that was held inAtlanta?A. It was to showcase the industries of the New South.B. It was to get ideas from foreign countries.C. It was to showcase the cotton gin.D. It was to bring visitors to Atlanta.

501. Which description most clearly reflects the meaning of the phrase “New South?”A. The South began to change in the areas of business, industrialization, agriculture, race

relations, and social change.B. The South showed a new economic growth and prosperity after the Reconstruction

and Redemption periods.C. The South reflected new ways of thinking and made huge strides in social, cultural,

economic, and political areas.D. The South moved away from agriculture and began to develop new industries to compete

with the North.

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502. Which description BEST explains how the Bourbon Triumvirate might havedescribed the Redemption period?A. A time for black and white southerners to come together and work in harmony to

rebuild the state’s economic, social, and political systemsB. A blending of the new and the old, keeping old southern traditions while building

new traditions around industries to rival the NorthC. A New South Progressive era when farms had to be replaced by business and industry

in order for the South to prosperD. A time for social, economic, and political reforms to ease the suffering caused by

the war

503. What Georgia leader coined the phrase “New South?”A. Alfred H. ColquittB. Rebecca Latimer FeltonC. John B. GordonD. Henry W. Grady

504. Supporters of the progressive movement believed thatA. government could correct the ills of society.B. individual citizens could work to improve social problems.C. business and the free enterprise system could best improve society.D. progress could only be made if people in the private business sector were left alone.

505. The progressive movement grew out of changes inA. industry and agriculture.B. housing and voting rights.C. prohibition and working hours.D. political beliefs and corporations.

506. Who first used the term muckraker to describe journalists whose writing called forreforms during the Progressive Era?A. John D. RockefellerB. Theodore RooseveltC. Upton SinclairD. Ida Tarbell

507. When Rebecca Latimer Felton wrote for the Atlanta Journal, she focused on theneed for reforms inA. voting laws.B. race relations.C. the prison system.D. working conditions.

508. What reform was NOT supported by the Populist party?A. 8-hour workdayB. Australian ballotC. graduated income taxD. private ownership of railroads

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The song “The Mill Mother’s Lament,” written by Ella May Wiggins, illustrates problems ofindustrialization in the late 1800s. Read the words of the song and then answer Questions 509-510.

We leave our homes in the morning,We kiss our children good-bye,While we slave for the bosses,Our children scream and cry.

And when we draw our money,Our grocery bills to pay,Not a cent to spend for clothingNot a cent to lay away.

And on that very eveningOur little son will say:“I need some shoes, mother,And so does sister May.”

How it grieves the heart of a mother,You and everyone must know:But we can’t buy for our children,Our wages are too low.

509. To what issue did “The Mill Mother’s Lament” draw attention?A. low wagesB. child laborC. women workingD. the high cost of food

510. According to the words of the song, what could the family not afford?A. foodB. housingC. clothingD. child care

511. The murder trial of Leo Frank resulted in aA. mistrial.B. hung jury.C. lynching.D. death sentence.

512. The racial unrest brought about by the Leo Frank case resulted in the creation of achapter of the Ku Klux Klan who called themselves the Knights ofA. Columbus.B. Leo Frank.C. Mary Phagan.D. Stone Mountain.

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513. The county unit system allowedA. the larger counties to have more power than the smaller ones.B. a candidate to carry the most populated counties but lose the election.C. a candidate to be elected only if he or she had a majority of the popular vote.D. a candidate to carry only the most populated counties in order to win the election.

514. Who benefited from the county unit system?A. citiesB. rural areasC. metro regionsD. heavily populated counties

515. What was a positive aspect of the county unit system?A. It was easy to buy votes.B. It was difficult to administer.C. It allowed people to be elected without a majority of the popular vote.D. It allowed less populated areas to have the same political power as larger populated

areas.

Use the political cartoon that follows to answer Questions 516-517.

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516. What is the subject of the political cartoon?A. Rosa Parks’s meeting with a United States senatorB. Carrie Nation’s testimony before the U.S. CongressC. a recognition ceremony for widows of World War ID. Rebecca Latimer Felton serving as a United States senator

517. Which clue helps to identify the content of the political cartoon?A. clothing that the two people are wearingB. the name of one of the people picturedC. the desk and table in the cartoonD. the gentleman’s greeting

518. The immediate cause of the riot that occurred in Atlanta in 1906 was theA. the killing of a black family.B. blacks being denied the right to vote.C. the election of Hoke Smith as governor.D. stories of black violence against whites in the Atlanta newspapers.

519. How long did the Atlanta riot of 1906 last?A. 12 hoursB. 18 hoursC. 24 hoursD. 48 hours

520. Which was one result of the Atlanta riot of 1906?A. five blacks were executedB. at least eighteen blacks were killedC. downtown Atlanta was set on fireD. the president sent in the national guard

521. What happened to Leo Frank after his trial?A. He was sentenced and put to death.B. He was taken from jail and lynched.C. He spent the rest of his life in prison.D. He was found guilty, but was later freed.

522. What was the “bridge” that linked the New South and the Progressive Era?A. 16th AmendmentB. 17th AmendmentC. 18th AmendmentD. 19th Amendment

523. Which piece of legislation allowed less populated counties in Georgia to have the sameor greater power and influence in the General Assembly as the more populated counties?A. Smith-Lever ActB. Neill Primary ActC. Smith-Hughes ActD. Smith-Watson Act

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524. Which groups united to form the Populist party in 1891?A. Grange and Farmers’ AllianceB. Australian party and DemocratsC. People’s party and RepublicansD. Farmers’ Alliance and labor unions

To review the period of the New South and the Populist movement, read pages 312-319,336-340, 346-350, and 358-359 in Georgia and the American Experience (Clarimont Press,2005).To review economic development in Georgia and the United States after the Civil War, readpages 307-308, 322-323, and 326-328 in Georgia and the American Experience (ClairmontPress, 2005).To learn more about the Atlanta Riot of 1906, go to historymatters.gmu.edu/d/104/.To learn more about the Leo Frank case, go to www.atlantanation.com/leofrank.html.To learn more about Tom Watson and the Populist party, go to www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-628.

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QCC 31 SegregationExamines the variety of legal and illegal strategies in Georgia to enforce political, socialand economic segregation of the races emphasizing: Jim Crow laws, Ku Klux Klan,grandfather clause/white primaries, and the literacy test.

GPS SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes thatoccurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

b. Analyze how the denial of rights to African-Americans through Jim Crow laws, Plessy v.Ferguson, disenfranchisement, and racial violence.

525. Jim Crow laws did NOT result in separateA. schools.B. churches.C. restrooms.D. waiting rooms.

526. What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in Plessy v. Ferguson?A. Blacks could be denied the right to vote.B. Segregated facilities must be equal.C. Blacks and whites were equal.D. Schools must be integrated.

527. What became legal under Plessy v. Ferguson?A. Blacks and whites could have separate schools.B. Blacks and whites could attend the same schools.C. Blacks and whites could be admitted to the same hospital.D. Blacks and whites could drink from the same water fountain.

528. Plessy v. Ferguson gave states the right to promoteA. equal rights.B. segregation.C. terrorist attacks.D. voting rights for blacks.

529. According to Plessy v. Ferguson, what Constitutional amendment was NOTviolated by establishing “separate-but-equal” facilities?A. 13th AmendmentB. 14th AmendmentC. 15th AmendmentD. 16th Amendment

530. What Constitutional amendment was violated by Jim Crow legislation?A. 13th AmendmentB. 14th AmendmentC. 18th AmendmentD. 19th Amendment

531. Homer Plessy sat in the “Whites Only” car on a train becauseA. it was the only seat available.B. he wanted the comfortable seats there.C. he wanted to sit with his traveling companions.D. he wanted to test the legality of a law requiring separate-but-equal facilities.

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532. What Georgia case tested the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?A. Roe v. WadeB. Worcester v. GeorgiaC. Brown v. Board of EducationD. Cummings v. Richmond County Board of Education

533. The ruling in Cummings v. Richmond County Board of Education stated thatA. African Americans had the right to be educated only through the eighth grade.B. African Americans should attend the same schools as white students.C. Closing a high school serving 60 black students was against the law.D. Closing the white high school violated the separate-but-equal policy.

534. Who cast the single dissenting vote in Plessy v. Ferguson?A. John Marshall HarlanB. John MarshallC. Thurgood MarshallD. Sandra Day O’Connor

535. Which did NOT restrict the voting rights of African Americans in Georgia in the early1900s?A. poll taxB. grandfather clauseC. gerrymanderingD. eligibility clause

536. Which voting qualification was designed to prevent African Americans from voting?A. literacy testB. party affiliationC. identification numberD. residency requirement

537. Which is an example of racial violence during the early 1900s?A. kidnapingB. lynchingC. picketingD. gerrymandering

To review racial relations in the early 1900s, read pages 351-353 and 357-359 in Georgia andthe American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).For more information, go to www.jimcrowhistory.org/history/creating.htm.

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QCC 32 EconomicsDescribes events and conditions that affected Georgia’s economy during the early 20thcentury emphasizing: boll weevil, sharecroppers, Great Depression, and New Deal.

QCC 34 Influential GeorgiansIdentifies influential Georgians from Reconstruction through World War II.

GPS SS8H8 The student will analyze the important events that occurred after WorldWar I and their impact on Georgia.

a. Describe the impact of the boll weevil and drought on Georgia.b. Explain economic factors that resulted in the Great Depression.c. Discuss the impact of the political career of Eugene Talmadge.d. Discuss the effect of the New Deal in terms of the impact the Civilian ConservationCorps, Agricultural Adjustment Act, rural electrification, and Social Security.

GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services producedin Georgia in different historical periods.GPS SS8E2 The student will explain the benefits of free trade.

a. Describe how Georgians have engaged in trade in different historical time periods.

538. Droughts in Georgia result inA. lower food prices.B. increased tourism.C. less feed for farm animals.D. less gasoline available for cars.

539. The boll weevil originally came fromA. Texas.B. Florida.C. Mexico.D. Mississippi.

540. The boll weevil larvae feed on theA. white, fluffy cotton.B. leaves of the cotton plant.C. yellow flowers on the plant.D. insects that are found on the stalk.

541. Besides the boll weevil, Georgia cotton farmers have been hurt primarily byA. tornadoes.B. droughts.C. frosts.D. fires.

542. Which was NOT a result of the drought?A. Workers moved away to seek jobs.B. The number of working farms declined.C. Banks faced losses of assets.D. Tourism increased.

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543. What positive impact did the 1924 drought make on Georgia?A. It slowed down the destruction by the boll weevil.B. It contributed to the end of the Great Depression.C. It caused tourism to increase at state parks.D. It created a good climate to attract industry.

544. Which was NOT a cause of the Great Depression?A. borrowing more money than could be repaidB. speculating in the stock marketC. overproducing farm productsD. failing to save money

545. Which consequence of the depression did NOT affect Georgia?A. declining transportation systemsB. closing schoolsC. closing banksD. using barter

546. In Franklin D. Roosevelt’s inaugural address, he said, “We are stricken by no plague oflocust. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered because they believedand were not afraid, we have still much to be thankful for. Nature still offers her bountyand human efforts have multiplied it. Plenty is at our doorstep. . . .” This statement wasmeant to give the American people hope to overcomeA. World War I.B. World War II.C. the Great Depression.D. the nationwide drought.

547. What United States president is blamed for the Great Depression?A. Dwight EisenhowerB. Herbert HooverC. Franklin D. RooseveltD. Harry Truman

548. Which was NOT common during the “Great Depression”?A. soup kitchensB. bartering practicesC. public assistance housingD. migrations in search of work

549. What was the nickname for the day the stock market crashed?A. Blue MondayB. Black TuesdayC. Black ThursdayD. Good Friday

550. Which is NOT a consequence of the Great Depression?A. failure of banks across the nationB. suspension of the country’s rail systemC. high unemployment in most industriesD. closure of schools or the reduction in the length of school terms

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551. Which was one effect of the Great Depression in Georgia?A. lower income for farmersB. increased enrollment in schoolsC. increases in highway constructionD. an increase in health care services

552. What project was completed in Georgia during the Great Depression?A. Underground AtlantaB. Augusta National Golf ClubC. Hartsfield-Jackson International AirportD. Interstate 16 between Atlanta and Brunswick

553. Which did President Herbert Hoover NOT do to bring relief during the GreatDepression?A. He used the government’s stored cotton and wheat to provide cloth and flour to the

needy.B. He set up special job training programs to retrain workers who had lost their jobs.C. He provided federal loans to needy businesses before they entered bankruptcy.D. He had the federal government buy crops that could be sold at a later time.

554. How did laissez-faire cause the depression?A. The United States gave businesses too many loans.B. The United States overextended its trade agreements.C. The United States government encouraged people to invest in the stock market.D. The United States government did not do anything to help solve the country’s economic

problems.

555. Why did Georgia NOT immediately feel the impact of the stock market crash?A. Georgia was already in a depression.B. Georgia’s banks were protected by state insurance.C. Georgians had little money invested in the stock market.D. Georgia’s constitution prohibited the state from investing in the stock market.

556. Which did Governor Eugene Talmadge support?A. public welfareB. voting rights for blacksC. reduced property taxesD. federal assistance programs

557. How many times was Eugene Talmadge elected governor?A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four

558. From what group of voters did Talmadge receive his greatest support?A. rural votersB. black votersC. wealthy votersD. women voters

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559. Which issue did Eugene Talmadge support?A. integrationB. states’ rightsC. higher taxesD. white supremacy

560. What action by Eugene Talmadge resulted in the loss of accreditation of tenGeorgia public colleges and universities, including the University of Georgia?A. He withheld federal funds from Georgia’s colleges and universities.B. He ordered the Confederate flag to be flown at all colleges in Georgia.C. He fired two University System administrators who supported integration.D. He approved the admission of several black students at two all-white colleges.

561. In what industry did Eugene Talmadge put down a strike?A. transportationB. auto manufacturingC. textilesD. mining

562. For what office did Talmadge run in which he was defeated twice?A. U.S. senatorB. Attorney generalC. U.S. representativeD. Chief justice of Georgia Supreme Court

563. When Eugene Talmadge died in 1946 before taking office for his fourth term as governor,who became governor?A. The previous governor remained governor.B. Georgia’s lieutenant governor became governor.C. Three people claimed to be Georgia’s governor.D. The speaker of the General Assembly became governor.

564. Besides himself and God, who did Eugene Talmadge call the friend of rural voters?A. Franklin D. RooseveltB. Montgomery WardC. Sears RoebuckD. William Hartsfield

565. Which statement does NOT describe Eugene Talmadge?A. He did not like federal intervention.B. He was a white supremacist.C. He supported public welfare.D. He was a conservative.

566. Why did Eugene Talmadge run for the U.S. Senate in 1936?A. He wanted to continue to move up the political ladder.B. He believed he could better serve Georgia in Washington, D.C.C. He could not serve more than two consecutive terms as Georgia’s governor.D. He wanted to get national exposure in order to run for president of the United States.

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567. Why did many New Deal programs NOT help African Americans in Georgia?A. Only whites qualified for Social Security and Medicare benefits.B. Only whites were hired by the Works Progress Administration.C. Young blacks were not hired under the National Youth Administration.D. Subsidies under the Agricultural Adjustment Act were paid to property owners, not the

tenant farmers.

568. What did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) provide?A. fire insuranceB. life insuranceC. homeowners’ insuranceD. insurance for savings accounts

569. Which New Deal program did Georgia’s textile industry resist?A. CCCB. FERAC. NIRAD. WPA

570. Which New Deal program was responsible for such projects in Georgia asRoosevelt State Park in Pine Mountain, Tybee Island’s seawall, Augusta’s SavannahRiver Levee, and Macon’s airport?A. CCCB. NYAC. TVAD. WPA

571. Which was NOT a purpose of the New Deal?A. to provide loans to studentsB. to improve lifestyles for AmericansC. to reform the defects in the economyD. to relieve the suffering of the unemployed

572. How did the NIRA affect Georgia?A. It outlawed unions in the textile industry.B. It was responsible for a strike in the textile industry.C. It allowed factory owners to hire even more workers.D. It created better working conditions in the textile industry.

573. The strike in Georgia’s textile industry resulted inA. the end of mill villages.B. the blacklisting of some union activists.C. the destruction of several mills by arson.D. the creation of an atmosphere of goodwill that resulted in increased production.

574. What did the New Deal’s rural electrification project (REA) do for Georgia’s farmers?A. It provided loans to farmers’ cooperatives so they could run power lines in rural areas.B. It provided funds for power companies to run lines in rural areas.C. It required power companies to provide power at a lower rate.D. It enabled farms to double their size.

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575. As president, what was the first step Franklin Roosevelt took to bring abouteconomic recovery?A. He closed banks.B. He issued more money.C. He set up soup kitchens.D. He made government loans.

576. What was the major accomplishment of the New Deal?A. It ended the depression.B. It ended unemployment.C. It paved the way for economic recovery.D. It provided financial security for the country’s citizens.

577. What group of people was NOT covered by Social Security?A. store clerksB. farm workersC. schoolteachersD. factory owners

578. What group of Georgians benefited most from the AAA?A. property ownersB. tenant farmersC. alcoholicsD. blacks

579. The purpose of social security is toA. create a system to save the banks.B. create a system of retirement and unemployment insurance.C. protect the financial sovereignty of the federal government.D. give all workers in the United States a savings plan for the future.

To review the boll weevil and the drought, read page 383 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review information about Eugene Talmadge, read pages 399-401 in Georgia and theAmerican Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review the Great Depression, read pages 387-390 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To review the New Deal and its effect on Georgia, read pages 391-397 in Georgia and theAmerican Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about the boll weevil, go toentweb.clemson.edu/cuentres/cesheets/cotton/.To learn more about the boll weevil in Georgia, go topubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubs/PDF/RB428.pdf.To read more about Eugene Talmadge, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1393&pid=s-61.To learn more about the causes of the Great Depression, go towww.factsonfile.com/newfacts/Pdfs/46271/8-01.pdf.To learn more about the Great Depression, go to www.authentichistory.com/1930s.html.To learn more about the New Deal, go to newdeal.feri.org/.

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QCC 33 Contributions: World War I, World War IIExamines Georgia’s contributions to U.S. participation in World Wars I and II.

GPS SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes thatoccurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

d. Give reasons for World War I and describe Georgia’s contributions.

GPS SS8H9 The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’sdevelopment economically, socially, and politically.

a. Describe the impact of events leading up to American involvement in World War II toinclude Lend-Lease and the bombing of Pearl Harbor.c. Explain the impact of the Holocaust on Georgians.

580. What countries were allies in World War I?A. United States, France, Austria-Hungary, and Great BritainB. Great Britain, France, United States, and RussiaC. Germany, Russia, and Austria-HungaryD. Germany, Japan, and Russia

581. What was the “final blow” that led President Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress todeclare war against the Central Powers in World War I?A. anti-German propaganda in the United StatesB. attacks on American merchant shipsC. sinking of the LusitaniaD. Zimmermann telegram

582. At which Georgia military installation did infantry train in World War I?A. Camp AugustaB. Camp BenningC. Camp GordonD. Camp McPherson

583. What event is celebrated on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of theyear?A. the founding of the state of GeorgiaB. armistice that ended World War IC. sinking of the LusitaniaD. sinking of the Titanic

584. Which is NOT associated with World War I?A. victory gardensB. American Red CrossC. sinking of the TitanicD. General John Pershing

585. What Georgian was the first African American combat pilot?A. Eugene Jacques BullardB. Alonzo HerndonC. John HopeD. Charles Yeager

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586. Which was NOT a World War I training camp located in Georgia?A. Camp BenningB. Camp GordonC. Fort CampbellD. Fort McPherson

587. Which was NOT a way that Georgians supported World War I?A. growing foodB. attending schoolC. making uniformsD. transporting arms and soldiers

588. The information used by the Allied nations to promote their cause and entice the UnitedStates to enter World War I was calledA. libel.B. slander.C. propaganda.D. yellow journalism.

589. What country did Germany urge to attack the United States in the Zimmermann telegram?A. CanadaB. ItalyC. JapanD. Mexico

590. Which was the immediate cause of World War II?A. German invasion of PolandB. German invasion of the RhinelandC. German invasion of CzechoslovakiaD. German invasion of the Soviet Union

591. The United States entered World War II when Japan attackedA. China.B. Manchuria.C. Midway.D. Pearl Harbor.

592. What country was a member of the Axis Powers in World War II?A. Great BritainB. ItalyC. Soviet UnionD. United States

593. What country was a member of the Allied Powers in World War II?A. GermanyB. ItalyC. JapanD. Soviet Union

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594. Which statement BEST describes the involvement of the United States inWorld War II before the bombing of Pearl Harbor?A. The United States provided lend-lease aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union.B. The United States maintained strict neutrality with no favoritism.C. The United States provided advisory troops to aid Great Britain.D. The United States secretly sank German submarines.

595. Which did the United States NOT do to protest Japanese expansion in Asia?A. refuse to export airplanes and aircraft parts to JapanB. refuse to provide or sell aircraft gasoline to JapanC. seize Japanese property in the United StatesD. attack Japanese military installations

596. Before the United States entered World War II, what assistance did it NOT give toGreat Britain?A. sale and lease of ships, arms, and suppliesB. escort of British warships in the Atlantic OceanC. construction of air bases in Greenland and IcelandD. escort of British merchant ships in the Atlantic Ocean

597. Why did the United States start a lend-lease system of war equipment?A. Its allies ran out of money with which to purchase the equipment.B. It would get the materials back at the end of the war.C. It could charge interest and make more money.D. Their allies preferred to lease the equipment.

598. Before the United States entered World War II, Italy had conqueredA. Albania.B. Czechoslovakia.C. Romania.D. Yugoslavia.

599. “Nazi” was the name given to the followers ofA. Hirohito.B. Hitler.C. Mussolini.D. Stalin.

600. What policy did France and Great Britain follow when they let Hitler take theSudetenland?A. appeasementB. internationalismC. isolationismD. neutrality

601. Before the United States entered World War II, Japan had seized the coastal area ofA. Vietnam.B. Thailand.C. Korea.D. China.

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602. Which area had NOT been taken by Hitler prior to the United States’s entry intoWorld War II? (B)A. DenmarkB. FranceC. PolandD. Rhineland

603. The Holocaust was a method of (C)A. getting rid of the bodies of those who died or were killed in World War II.B. exterminating six million Jews and other “undesirables.”C. frightening those who opposed Adolph Hitler.D. eliminating war prisoners.

604. Who was the world leader who instigated the Holocaust? (B)A. Emperor HirohitoB. Adolf HitlerC. Benito MussoliniD. Joseph Stalin

605. Which was NOT a concentration camp during World War II? (A)A. AndersonvilleB. AuschwitzC. DachauD. Treblinka

606. Which was NOT a cause of death for prisoners in concentration camps? (B)A. medical experimentationB. military combatC. starvationD. disease

To review Georgia in World War I, read pages 370-372 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To review World War II and its effect on Georgia, read pages 402-405 in Georgia and theAmerican Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review the Holocaust, read page 411 in Georgia and the American Experience (ClairmontPress, 2005).To learn more about World War I, go to www.firstworldwar.com/.To learn more about World War II, go to members.aol.com/TeacherNet/WWII.html.For additional information on the Holocaust, go tohistory1900s.about.com/library/holocaust/blholocaust.htm.

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QCC 34 Influential GeorgiansIdentifies influential Georgians from Reconstruction through World War II.

GPS SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes thatoccurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918.

c. Explain the roles of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, John and Lugenia BurnsHope and Alonzo Herndon.

GPS SS8H9 The student will describe the impact of World War II on Georgia’sdevelopment economically, socially, and politically.

b. Evaluate the importance of Bell Aircraft, military bases, the Savannah and Brunswickshipyards, Richard Russell, and Carl Vinson.

d. Discuss the ties to Georgia that President Roosevelt had and his impact on the state.

607. Who was the first black president of Atlanta Baptist College? (C)A. Frederick DouglassB. W. E. B. DuBoisC. John HopeD. Booker T. Washington

608. Which college is NOT predominantly black? (A)A. Emory and HenryB. MorehouseC. Morris BrownD. Spelman

609. To what did Atlanta Baptist College change its name? (B)A. Atlanta UniversityB. MorehouseC. Morris BrownD. Spelman

610. Where is Tuskegee Institute, founded by Booker T. Washington, located? (A)A. AlabamaB. ArkansasC. GeorgiaD. Mississippi

611. What position was NOT supported by Booker T. Washington? (B)A. Vocational education was essential for African Americans who sought equality.B. Truth and knowledge would cause different races to understand and accept each other.C. Economic equality was much more important than social equality for African Americans.D. Political and social equality for African Americans would come from economic

independence.

612. What racial issue did Booker T. Washington support? (D)A. economic equalityB. political equalityC. religious equalityD. social equality

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613. What racial issue, opposed by Booker T. Washington, did W. E. B. DuBoissupport? (B)A. economic equalityB. political equalityC. religious equalityD. social equality

614. Which is NOT associated with John Hope? (C)A. president of the National Association of Teachers of Colored SchoolsB. first black president of Atlantic Baptist College (Morehouse)C. supported the views of Booker T. WashingtonD. attended Brown University

615. What organization was founded by Lugenia Burns Hope? (C)A. D.E.C.C.A.B. Girl ScoutsC. Neighborhood UnionD. Y.W.C.A.

616. Which activity was NOT offered by the organization founded by Lugenia Burns Hope?(A)A. remedial education classesB. financial aid for the needyC. clubs for boys and girlsD. vocational classes

617. What business made Alonzo Herndon a successful businessman? (A)A. Atlanta Mutual Insurance CompanyB. Coca-ColaC. Georgia PacificD. Western and Atlantic Railroad

618. Carl Vinson served as chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee andArmed Services Committee for more than twenty-nine years. In this position, he oversawthe passage of the Vinson-Trammel Act, which authorized the manufacture of ninety-two major warships. He also launched the U.S. Navy’s first nuclear-powered submarineand guided the establishment of a separate air academy. He has been credited with makingthe U.S. Navy a two-ocean navy. In referring to his active involvement with militaryadvancements, he once said, “I devoutly hope that the casting of every gun and thebuilding of every ship will be done with a prayer for the peace of America. I have at heartno sectional nor political interest, but only the Republic’s safety.” Which statement bestdescribes the meaning of Carl Vinson’s statement? (B)A. Peace is better than war.B. War may be necessary to protect our country.C. The United States needs a strong military to defend itself.D. The United States needs to manufacture guns and build ships to keep up with other

nations.

619. Which is NOT an accomplishment of Governor Richard Russell, Jr.? (B)A. consolidating state officesB. establishing a seven-month school yearC. running state government like a successful businessD. establishing the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia

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620. Because of Senator Richard Russell’s sponsorship of a program for schoolchildren, what nickname did he earn? (D)A. Father of the graded schoolB. Father of the unified curriculumC. Father of the county school systemD. Father of the school lunch program

621. Which military base was NOT located in Georgia during World War II? (B)A. Fort BenningB. Fort CampbellC. Fort McPhersonD. Fort Stewart

622. Which Georgia military base did NOT also serve as a prisoner of war camp? (C)A. Fort BenningB. Fort CampbellC. Fort GordonD. Fort Stewart

623. Where in Georgia were Liberty ships built during World War II? (C)A. Atlanta and AugustaB. Brunswick and Jekyll IslandC. Brunswick and SavannahD. St. Simons Island and Augusta

624. Which was NOT a major military installation in Georgia during World War II?(C)A. Camp GordonB. Fort BenningC. Kings Bay Nuclear Sub BaseD. Warner Robbins Air Base

625. Near what Georgia location did a German submarine sink two ships, the S.S.Oklahoma and the Baton Rouge? (D)A. Jekyll IslandB. Savannah HarborC. St. MarysD. St. Simons Island

626. What Georgian is known as the “father of the two-ocean navy?” (D)A. Ben EppsB. Walter F. GeorgeC. Richard B. Russell, Jr.D. Carl Vinson

627. What statement about the Bell Aircraft Company is FALSE? (C)A. It was located in Marietta.B. It produced B-29 aircraft.C. It closed before World War II ended.D. It was the largest facility of its kind in the Deep South.

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628. What happened to the Bell Aircraft Company? (C)A. It has continued to operate continuously since the war.B. It closed down before World War II ended.C. It is part of Lockheed Martin today.D. It is part of Hartsfield Airport today.

629. Fort Oglethorpe supported the war effort by serving as a training center for (D)A. naval aviators.B. combat soldiers.C. military intelligence.D. women in the WAAC.

630. Which was NOT associated with Carl Vinson? (D)A. recipient of the Presidential Medal of FreedomB. served on House Armed Services CommitteeC. nuclear aircraft carrier bears his nameD. served as governor of Georgia

631. Which legislation, supported by Carl Vinson, most directly benefited Georgia? (A)A. law to ease labor restrictions in the shipbuilding industryB. law to increase the military readiness of the United StatesC. law to expand the naval aviation system to 10,000 planesD. law to provide military supplies to our World War II allies

632. What role did Fort McPherson play in World War II? (C)A. It was a detainment center for American citizens of Japanese descent.B. It was a training center for women in the armed forces.C. It was an induction center for newly drafted soldiers.D. It was a training center for soldiers fighting in Europe.

633. Why did Franklin Roosevelt spend so much time in Georgia? (A)A. Roosevelt used the warm mineral waters of Warm Springs to ease his polio.B. Roosevelt was a native of Augusta and traveled widely across the state.C. Roosevelt had originally been a farmer and he loved farm life.D. Roosevelt’s wife was a native of Calhoun and visited relatives.

634. What New Deal program resulted from President Franklin Roosevelt’s view of ruralGeorgia while sitting on his porch in the evening? (C)A. CCCB. FDICC. READ. WPA

635. Where did President Franklin Roosevelt die while sitting for a portrait? (D)A. Camp David, MarylandB. Hyde Park, New YorkC. LaGrange, GeorgiaD. Warm Springs, Georgia

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636. How did Franklin Roosevelt’s time spent in Georgia bring about the establishment ofthe Rural Electrification Agency? (D)A. He made a campaign promise to provide electricity to rural Georgia.B. He wanted to reduce the cost of electricity for the poor.C. He owned rural land and wanted to have electricity.D. He noticed that his neighbors did not have electricity.

To review reformers during the Progressive Era, read pages 353-357 and page 367 in Georgiaand the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review the part Georgia played in World War II, read pages 398-399 and 410-411 inGeorgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review Franklin Roosevelt’s connection to Georgia, read pages 36, 408-409 in Georgia andthe American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To find more information on Alonzo Herndon, go towww.ga3d.net/sweetauburn/alherndon.htm.To learn more about Booker T. Washington, go to www.alcyone.com/max/lit/slavery/.To learn more about W. E. B. DuBois, go to www.duboislc.org/html/DuBoisBio.html.To learn more about Lugenia Burns Hope, go to www.gawomen.org/honorees/hopel.htm.To learn more about the Bell Aircraft Company, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1014.To learn more about Franklin Roosevelt’s connection to Georgia, go towww.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/FDRtitle.htm.

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QCC 35 Rural Urban SuburbanDiscusses concepts “rural,” “urban,” “suburban,” and “metropolitan” in the context ofeconomic growth in Georgia after the 1950s.

QCC 36 Metropolitan Area Economic GrowthInterprets the impact of the growth in the Atlanta metropolitan region after 1950.

QCC 39 Demographic, Cultural, Political, Economic, and Social ChangesExamines and analyzes the political, economic, social, demographic and cultural changesin Georgia since World War II emphasizing: rise of two-party system, transition fromagricultural to industrial economy, and business investment.

QCC 40 Modern EraIdentifies influential Georgians of the modern era (women and minorities as well as men).

GPS SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War II developments of Georgiafrom 1945 to 1970.

a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture on Georgia’s growth.b. Explain how the development of Atlanta including the roles of mayors William B.Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr., and major league sports, contributed to the growth of Georgia.c. Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall.

GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services producedin Georgia during different historical periods.

637. What was the most important crop in Georgia before World War II? (B)A. blueberriesB. cottonC. peanutsD. soybeans

638. After World War II, one of Georgia’s most important agricultural products was (D)A. sheep.B. goats.C. cattle.D. poultry.

639. Which statement does NOT describe a major impact on agriculture in Georgia sinceWorld War II? (C)A. Technology has resulted in new crops.B. Technology has changed the way farming is done.C. Technology has converted more land to farmland.D. Technology has brought about a reduction of farmland.

640. Which is NOT a result of the consolidation of farmland in Georgia? (A)A. Fewer products are produced by the smaller number of farmers.B. More land has been used for residential or commercial ventures.C. International markets for Georgia’s farm products have been expanded.D. The number of related farm businesses, i.e. fertilizer producers, has decreased.

641. Why is horticulture a major part of Georgia’s agricultural sector today? (B)A. It has been found in Georgia since the colonization period.B. It has become more important due to the housing boom.C. It has become more important since people eat less meat.D. It has been heavily subsidized by the federal government.

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642. What factor MOST DIRECTLY determines which crops can be grown in acertain part of Georgia? (A)A. soilB. marketC. labor supplyD. climate

643. What job is LEAST associated with Georgia’s agriculture today? (C)A. agricultural economistsB. landscape engineersC. subsistence farmersD. entomologists

644. Approximately how many Georgians were employed in international facilities in thestate in 2001? (B)A. just over 50,000B. just over 125,000C. just over 150,000D. just over 200,000

645. Which factor has NOT contributed to the growth in Georgia’s population since the1980s? (B)A. mild climateB. state income taxC. nonunionized work forceD. diverse transportation system

646. What is a key reason for the migration of people into Georgia since the 1960s? (B)A. successful school reform programsB. diversified economyC. city infrastructureD. abundant airports

647. Which development had little effect on Georgia’s population growth? (C)A. new sources of revenueB. new job creation in citiesC. balanced political powerD. expanding highway construction

648. Which statement does NOT reflect a growing conflict between urban and ruralsections of Georgia? (D)A. Population growth in cities and suburbs provides more jobs and more taxes for those

areas.B. As populations expand in urban areas, more highway construction is needed in those

areas.C. Urban areas draw more water from the state’s rivers to supply their growing populations.D. Lottery technology funds have linked libraries and resources throughout the state.

649. What percentage of Georgia’s population today lives in the MetropolitanAtlanta area? (B)A. just over 30 percentB. just over 50 percentC. just over 75 percentD. just over 95 percent

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650. What percentage of Georgia’s population today lives in “urban” areas? (C)A. just over 30 percentB. just over 50 percentC. just over 70 percentD. just over 90 percent

651. Which development does NOT describe an effort to unify rural and urbanGeorgia into one prosperous state? (B)A. development of Rural Development Council Programs to help rural areas compete for

new business and industryB. expending of state funds to attract tourists and conventions to Georgia’s World Congress

ComplexC. expansion of highway systems linking rural and urban areas throughout the stateD. expansion of University System facilities and access

652. Which is NOT a current conflict between the rural and urban “two Georgias?” (D)A. equity in educational resources from funding formulas between state and local taxesB. equity in water resources from the use and pollution of lakes, rivers, and streamsC. equity in employment opportunities from business and industryD. equity in recreational resources from state parks

653. Which term is used to describe the residential area immediately around cities? (B)A. ruralB. suburbanC. urban decayD. bedroom communities

654. To be classified as metropolitan, a central city must have a population of at least (B)A. 2,500.B. 50,000.C. 75,000.D. 100,000.

655. Which statement BEST reflects the negative impact of suburban communities on cities?(C)A. Cities have more industries.B. Suburbs have more restaurants.C. Cities have a declining tax base.D. Suburbs have larger residential lots.

656. Which definition does NOT describe “urban sprawl”? (A)A. declining city tax baseB. unplanned growth surrounding citiesC. inadequate infrastructure around citiesD. inadequate building codes and guidelines

657. Which problem was created by commuting from the suburbs? (C)A. car pool lanesB. dwindling city parksC. increased air pollutionD. failing public transportation systems

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658. A rural area in Georgia is defined as a town or community of less than (B)A. 1,500 people.B. 2,500 people.C. 5,000 people.D. 10,000 people.

659. Which population trend began in Georgia in the 1960s and 1970s? (C)A. westward migrationB. migration northwardC. migration from cities to suburbsD. migration from cities to small towns

660.“Urban revitalization” to restore inner city areas does NOT include (C)A. renovating historic districts.B. restoring older neighborhoods.C. constructing highways and perimeters.D. building convention and meeting facilities.

661. What is the fastest growing segment of Georgia’s population? (B)A. young people between 18 and 25 years of ageB. senior citizens 65 years of age and olderC. children between 10 and 16 years of ageD. newborns

662. What is the fastest growing population group in Georgia? (B)A. African AmericansB. HispanicsC. Native AmericansD. Western Europeans

663. Under the administration of William Hartsfield, racial moderation in Atlanta includedthe integration of (B)A. the fire department.B. lunch counters.C. City Hall.D. theaters.

664. What was the issue for which William Hartsfield is best remembered? (C)A. educationB. tax reformC. aviationD. business

665. What government office did William Hartsfield NOT hold? (B)A. Atlanta city councilmanB. governor of GeorgiaC. mayor of AtlantaD. state legislator

666. What advancement in Atlanta is NOT associated with William Hartsfield? (A)A. construction of the Atlanta Braves baseball parkB. building of the expressway systemC. increase in the size of the cityD. construction of city parks

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667. Which is NOT considered an accomplishment of Mayor Ivan Allen in helping to enddiscrimination in Atlanta? (A)A. ending lunch counter segregationB. integrating city government and fire departmentsC. reducing restrictions on African American police officersD. removing “Colored” and “White” signs in Atlanta’s City Hall

668. Who was the mayor of Atlanta responsible for bringing professional athletic teams to thecity? (A)A. Ivan AllenB. William HartsfieldC. Maynard JacksonD. Lester Maddox

669. What major improvement in Atlanta was voted down during the term of Ivan Allen?(D)A. Atlanta-Fulton County StadiumB. Memorial Arts CenterC. Atlanta Civic CenterD. MARTA

670. Which is NOT true about Hank Aaron? (B)A. He played in the Negro League.B. He played for the New York Yankees.C. He broke Babe Ruth’s career home run record.D. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

671. Which governor of Georgia helped secure funding for the Georgia Dome? (B)A. George BusbeeB. Joe Frank HarrisC. William HartsfieldD. Zell Miller

672. Which facility is NOT part of the Georgia World Congress Center? (A)A. Georgia ArchivesB. the Georgia DomeC. Centennial Olympic ParkD. the Georgia World Congress Center

673. Who was the Georgia native who was the first African American major league baseballplayer? (D)A. Hank AaronB. Willie MaysC. Satchel PaigeD. Jackie Robinson

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674. Ellis Arnall was the first governor of Georgia to serve a term of (B)A. two years.B. four years.C. six years.D. eight years.

675. Which state agency was removed from control of the governor’s office under theadministration of Ellis Arnall? (D)A. Department of Natural ResourcesB. Department of RevenueC. Board of Public SafetyD. Board of Regents

676. Which accomplishment is NOT attributed to Ellis Arnall? (C)A. abolishing the poll taxB. creating a board of correctionsC. changing voter registration lawsD. adopting a new state constitution

677. What is the correct chronological sequence of these Georgia governors? (C)A. Herman Talmadge, Ed Rivers, Lester Maddox, and Ellis ArnallB. Lester Maddox, Herman Talmadge, Ed Rivers, and Ellis ArnallC. Ed Rivers, Ellis Arnall, Herman Talmadge, and Lester MaddoxD. Ellis Arnall, Herman Talmadge, Ed Rivers, and Lester Maddox

678. During the Three Governors Episode, Governor Ellis Arnall set up his office in the(D)A. Governor’s Mansion.B. basement of the Capitol.C. downtown area of Atlanta.D. Capitol information booth.

679. Who did Arnall defeat to become governor of Georgia? (D)A. Lester MaddoxB. Ed RiversC. Richard Russell, Jr.D. Eugene Talmadge

680. Who defeated Arnall in a primary runoff during his bid to again become governor in1966? (B)A. Howard CallawayB. Lester MaddoxC. Richard Russell, Jr.D. Carl Sanders

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681. What state office did Arnall hold before he became governor? (A)A. attorney generalB. commissioner of agricultureD. lieutenant governorD. secretary of state

To find information on the population changes in Georgia, read pages 472-474 in Georgiaand the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review information on these governors, read pages 401, 430-431, and 435 in Georgia andthe American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review information about William Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, read pages 447-449, 451,and 471 in Georgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To find information on the transformation of agriculture in Georgia, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/BusinessIndustry/Industries/Agribusiness/Companies&id=h-1105 andwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/LandResources/Agriculture/Commodities&id=h-1001.For more information on Williams Hartsfield, go to www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-599&pid=s-60. For more information on Ivan Allen, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1382.To learn more about Ellis Arnall, go to www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/GovernmentPolitics/Politics/PoliticalFigures&id=h-597.

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QCC 37 Civil Rights MovementIdentifies the important events and personalities in the Civil Rights movement in Georgia.

QCC 40 Modern EraIdentifies influential Georgians of the modern era (women and minorities as well as men).

GPS SS8H11 The student will evaluate the role of Georgia in the modern civil rightsmovement.

a. Describe major developments in civil rights and Georgia’s role during the 1940s and1950s to include the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the 1946 governor’s raceand the end of the white primary, Brown v. Board of Education,and Martin Luther King, Jr.,and the 1956 state flag.b. Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians played in the Civil Rights Movementof the 1960s and 1970s including such events as the founding of the Student Non-ViolentCoordinating Committee (SNCC), Sibley Commission, admission of Hamilton Holmesand Charlayne Hunter to University of Georgia, Albany Movement, march on Washington,Civil Rights Act, the election of Maynard Jackson as mayor of Atlanta, and the role ofLester Maddox.c. Discuss the impact of Andrew Young on Georgia.

682. What was the ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education? (B)A. Schools would be segregated and kept separate.B. The separate-but-equal policy was unconstitutional.C. Black schools would get more money for books and teachers.D. Blacks could only attend white schools if there was space available.

683. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do? (C)A. It named black principals at previously all-white schools.B. It gave more state tax money to schools that did not integrate.C. It withheld federal funds from schools that did not end segregation.D. It provided armed escorts for students wanting to attend white schools.

684. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., favored bringing about social change through (D)A. unity.B. democracy.C. compromise.D. nonviolence.

685. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did NOT integrate (C)A. public recreational areas.B. restaurants.C. churches.D. hotels.

686. Which approach did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., NOT use to gain equality and civilrights for all citizens? (C)A. economic boycotts of businesses that did not treat all citizens fairlyB. direct and nonviolent actions such as marches, protests, and demonstrationsC. aggressive pursuit of black power through protests, riots, demonstrations, and political

organizationD. legal actions against individuals and businesses that violated the civil rights of individuals

based on race

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687. Before the civil rights movements of the 1960s there were NOT any (C)A. water fountains with signs “Whites Only.”B. integrated armed forces.C. lunch counter sit-ins.D. integrated schools.

688. Which statement does NOT illustrate Georgia’s initial reaction to the Brown v. Board ofEducation decision of the U.S. Supreme Court? (D)A. The governor pledged not to integrate the state’s schools.B. Georgia citizens voted 3 to 2 to close schools rather than integrate them.C. The General Assembly voted to cut off state funds to any schools that desegregated.D. The Sibley Commission traveled throughout the state encouraging the peaceful

desegregation of schools.

689. Which action of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., directly influenced the passage of theVoting Rights Act of 1965? (A)A. march from Selma to MontgomeryB. Montgomery bus boycottC. march on WashingtonD. Albany Movement

690. Which civil rights movement abandoned the principles of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.?(A)A. Black PanthersB. NAACPC. SCLCD. SNCC

691. Which individual was NOT involved with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in the nonviolentcivil rights movement? (A)A. H. Rap BrownB. Jesse JacksonC. John LewisD. Andrew Young

692. Which political leader was involved in Georgia’s infamous Three Governors Episode of1946? (D)A. Ben FortsonB. Mitchell GriffinC. Carl SandersD. Herman Talmadge

693. What office did Benjamin Mays hold? (D)A. state legislatorB. mayor of AtlantaC. governor of GeorgiaD. Atlanta board of education member

694. Which person was NOT a candidate in the Georgia Democratic primary for governor in1946? (B)A. James CarmichaelB. Lester MaddoxC. Ed RiversD. Eugene Talmadge

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695. In the 1946 Democratic primary for governor, who received the largest popular vote?(A)A. James CarmichaelB. Lester MaddoxC. Ed RiversD. Herman Talmadge

696. During the Three Governors Episode who set up an office at the Capitol’s informationcounter when he was locked out of his office? (A)A. Ellis ArnallB. Marvin GriffinC. Herman TalmadgeD. Melvin Thompson

697. Which was NOT given as a reason for changing the Georgia state flag of 1956 by thosewho opposed it? (C)A. It represented the past instead of looking toward the future.B. It damaged Georgia’s tourist industry.C. It was hard for students to draw.D. It was a symbol of slavery.

698. Which group was instrumental in getting the 1956 Georgia state flag changed? (A)A. Atlanta Convention and Visitors BureauB. supporters of Governor Roy BarnesC. public school studentsD. Rainbow Coalition

699. In what year did the Georgia state flag become an issue in the race for governor? (D)A. 1960B. 1968C. 1984D. 2000

700. What was one reason for keeping the Georgia state flag of 1956? (B)A. It was easy for school children to draw.B. It was a memorial to the Confederate dead.C. It was supported by a majority of Georgians.D. It was similar to the flags of other southern states.

701. What MOST LIKELY enabled Herman Talmadge to be elected governor of Georgia in1950? (B)A. his position on segregation and voting rightsB. his role in the Three Governors EpisodeC. his support from wealthy businessmenD. his campaign style and popularity

702. In what area did Herman Talmadge make his greatest contributions as governor? (D)A. attracting new businessB. voting rightsC. tax reformD. education

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703. Which accomplishment is NOT associated with Governor Herman Talmadge? (B)A. the Georgia Minimum Foundation Program for Education ActB. purchase of Jekyll Island for use as a state park and resortC. creation of the Georgia Forestry CommissionD. improvements in the Georgia prison system

704. Herman Talmadge’s 3 percent sales tax was passed primarily to fund (A)A. a lengthened school year and school improvements.B. Georgia’s part in the Interstate Highway System.C. the purchase of Jekyll Island as a state park.D. the creation of county health departments.

705. What is NOT an accomplishment of Herman Talmadge’s tenure as governor? (D)A. reconstruction of the state highway departmentB. establishment of soil conservation programsC. improvement of state prisonsD. integration of schools

706. What organization was founded two months after the 1960 sit-in at the Woolworth’slunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina? (D)A. COREB. NAACPC. SCLCD. SNCC

707. The purpose of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was to promote(A)A. civil rights for all citizens.B. equal rights for African Americans.C. civil disobedience in transportation discrimination.D. church attendance and membership among the African American community.

708. The focus of the Albany Movement in Georgia was to (B)A. end segregation of public schools in Albany.B. integrate interstate bus station waiting rooms in Albany.C. implement a “first-come, first-served” policy on Albany buses.D. force the hiring of African American bus drivers for Albany’s bus station.

709. Which method of influencing political decision making led to the Civil Rights Act of1964? (D)A. the ballotB. freedom fightersC. special interest groupsD. the power of public opinion

710. The purpose of the Sibley Commission was to (A)A. study the problem of school integration.B. develop a plan for securing jobs for blacks.C. set up a series of meetings to bring blacks and whites together.D. make recommendations for desegregation in public transportation.

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711. The Sibley Commission recommended (D)A. integrating Georgia’s public transportation system.B. making proposals to the legislature to address racial issues.C. establishing a quota system to ensure the hiring of black workers.D. allowing local school systems to decide if they wanted integration.

712. Who was the first black mayor of Atlanta? (B)A. Hamilton HolmesB. Maynard JacksonC. Sam MassellD. Andrew Young

713. Who was one of the first blacks to be admitted to the University of Georgia? (A)A. Charlayne HunterB. Maynard JacksonC. Rosa ParksD. Andrew Young

714. Who was the governor of Georgia when the first black students were admitted to theUniversity of Georgia? (D)A. Lester MaddoxB. Ed RiversC. Herman TalmadgeD. Ernest Vandiver

715. Which was NOT associated with Maynard Jackson? (B)A. He reduced programs for the arts.B. He expanded MARTA into the suburbs.C. He addressed the issue of police brutality.D. He led an effort to have the Olympics held in Atlanta.

716. Which African American did NOT serve as mayor of Atlanta? (C)A. Bill CampbellB. Shirley FranklinC. Benjamin MaysD. Andrew Young

717. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech is associated with (B)A. the Montgomery bus boycott.B. the march on Washington, D.C.C. his “Letter from the Birmingham Jail.”D. a eulogy given at the funeral of Martin Luther King, Sr.

718. What did Lester Maddox NOT do as governor? (B)A. integrate the Georgia State PatrolB. name two African Americans to the state supreme courtC. name the first black member of the Board of Pardons and ParolesD. appoint more African Americans to state boards than all prior governors combined

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719. What practice did Lester Maddox initiate in order to get input from the voters? (B)A. suggestion boxesB. People’s DaysC. monthly luncheonsD. statewide caravans

720. What statement about Andrew Young is FALSE? (B)A. He was a minister.B. He was born in Georgia.C. He had a college degree in biology.D. He was active in the civil rights movement.

721. Andrew Young helped establish “citizenship schools,” which taught (B)A. young blacks their rights of citizenship.B. nonviolent organizing strategies to potential leaders.C. the art of campaigning to black potential political leaders.D. the basic principles found in the U.S. Constitution to high school students.

722. The “citizenship schools” were under the supervision of the (A)A. SCLC.B. NEA.C. NAACP.D. CCC.

723. What event was the MOST significant in Andrew Young’s political career? (D)A. He was involved in politics after he left the ministry.B. He was the youngest African American governor to be elected in Georgia.C. He was the first African American to graduate from the University of Georgia.D. He was the first African American since Reconstruction to be elected to the House of

Representatives from Georgia.

724. To what position did President Jimmy Carter appoint Andrew Young? (B)A. secretary of housing and urban developmentB. ambassador to the United NationsC. ambassador to South AfricaD. secretary of the interior

725. Which was NOT a position Andrew Young took on foreign policy? (D)A. He supported human rights for all people.B. He supported sanctions against apartheid.C. He supported the economic development of Third World countries.D. He supported not recognizing the government of Communist Vietnam.

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726. Which position was NOT held by Andrew Young? (A)A. governor of GeorgiaB. mayor of AtlantaC. U.S. congressmanD. college professor

To review this period in Georgia’s history, read pages 430-432, 435, 436-450, and 486-487 inGeorgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review information on Andrew Young, read pages 446-448 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To read about the Three Governors controversy that erupted upon the death of EugeneTalmadge, go to www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-591.To learn more about Herman Talmadege, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-590&pid=s-60.To learn more about Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., go towww.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/mlking.htm.For more information on the Albany Movement, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1057.For more information on Maynard Jackson, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1385.For more information on the March on Washington, go towww.abbeville.com/civilrights/washington.asp.For more information on Charlayne Hunter, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2433.For more information on Lester Maddox, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/GovernmentPolitics/Politics/PoliticalFigures&id=h-1387.For more information on Andrew Young, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1395.

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QCC 38 Investment Transportation Communication Technology Human CapitalAnalyzes how investment in transportation, communication, education and technologyhave influenced growth and development within Georgia.

GPS SS8G2 The student will explain how the Interstate Highway System, Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, and Georgia’s deepwater ports help drive the state’seconomy.

a. Explain how the three transportation systems interact to provide domestic andinternational goods to the people of Georgia.b. Explain how the three transportation systems interact to provide producers and serviceproviders in Georgia with national and international markets.c. Explain how the three transportation systems provide jobs for Georgians.

GPS SS8E2 The student will explain the benefits from of free trade.b. Explain Georgia’s role in world trade today.

727. Which statement BEST describes Georgia’s transportation infrastructure today? (A)A. Georgia has a strong transportation infrastructure including over 1,200 miles of interstate

highways, over 5,000 miles of railroad track, and over 260 airports.B. Georgia has been held back because it has less than 1,000 miles of interstate, 12,000

miles of federal and state highways, and only 8 regional airports.C. Georgia has a weak transportation structure because there are limited interstate highways,

federal and state highways, and less than 2,500 miles of railroad tracks.D. Georgia has an outstanding transportation infrastructure involving over 25,000 miles

of state and federal highways, over 1,500 miles of interstate, and over 320 airports.

728. Which method of transportation moves the largest amount of freight in Georgia? (D)A. airlinesB. railroadsC. shippingD. trucks

729. Where is the largest single container facility on the East Coast located? (D)A. BrunswickB. ColumbusC. Jekyll IslandD. Savannah

730. Which is NOT an example of how transportation systems provide markets in Georgia?(A)A. Transportation systems enable citizens to have a choice when planning travel.B. Transportation systems enable products to be shipped easily and cheaply.C. Transportation systems attract business travelers from around the world.D. Transportation systems ensure that commodities will reach consumers.

731. Perhaps the MOST IMPORTANT reason to invest in expanding infrastructure is to(A)A. help the economy to grow.B. attract new airlines to Georgia.C. keep abreast of new developments.D. ensure that traffic congestion is minimized.

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732. Which does NOT describe a reason for the success of Georgia’s seaports? (A)A. Georgia’s lack of state and local taxes on seaports and terminalsB. Georgia’s large number of interstate and intrastate truckersC. Georgia’s network of interstate highwaysD. Georgia’s two major railroads

733. Which job is NOT found in the transportation sector? (A)A. millwrightB. dispatcherC. bus driverD. pilot

734. Which statement LEAST explains why good infrastructure supports economicdevelopment? (A)A. Good infrastructure increases the supply of workers.B. Good infrastructure reduces traffic congestion.C. Good infrastructure lowers production costs.D. Good infrastructure increases tourism.

735. Which statement LEAST explains how good transportation systems benefit the public?(A)A. Good transportation makes automobile travel safer.B. Good transportation systems reduce the cost of obtaining goods.C. Good transportation systems result in an increase in a variety of jobs.D. Good transportation systems result in increased income from selling goods and services

outside the region.

736. Which statement does NOT explain how a good transportation network provides jobs?(B)A. It creates markets outside the area.B. It makes it easier to travel to work.C. It increases the need for truck drivers.D. It increases the number of local businesses.

737. Signs of expanding national and international markets in Georgia do NOT include (B)A. constructing highways.B. increasing foreign travel.C. widening runways at airports.D. adding container facilities at the Port of Savannah.

738. Which area has been LEAST affected by computers? (B)A. bankingB. transportationC. personal connectionsD. information processing

739. What area is LEAST affected by cable television? (C)A. medicineB. governmentC. agricultureD. education

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740. Which statement BEST explains the relationship of jobs and changes in transportationsystems? (C)A. The increase of airline services creates more jobs.B. The construction of transportation systems is seasonal.C. The loss of American manufacturing jobs causes a decline in transportation jobs.D. The expansion of highway construction is a reliable predictor of increased job

opportunities.

Use the chart that follows to answer Questions 741-742.

741. What does the graph show? (B)A. The tonnage in Georgia ports has doubled in the last ten years.B. The tonnage in Georgia ports has increased over the last ten years.C. The tonnage in Georgia ports has decreased over the last ten years.D. The tonnage in Georgia ports is dependent upon improvements being made.

742. The greatest increase in tonnage in Georgia ports occurred between (D)A. 1995 and 1996.B. 1999 and 2000.C. 2001 and 2002.D. 2002 and 2003.

To find more information on transportation issues, go towww.gppf.org/article.asp?RT=16&p=pub/Transportation/transportation_frontpage.htm.To find information on how transportation impacts the economy, go towww.geog.buffalo.edu/~jcthill/Section2.pdf.To find more information on Georgia ports, go to www.gaports.com/index2.html.To find more information on Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, go to www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/ArticlePrintable.jsp?id=h-768.

FY94 FY95 FY96 FY97 FY98 FY99 FY00 FY01 FY02 FY03

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9.1 9.5 9.710.8 11.4 11.6 12.1 12.6 13.3

Georgia Ports Authority 10-Year Total Tonnage History

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QCC 40 Modern EraIdentifies influential Georgians of the modern era (women and minorities as well as men).

QCC 41 Ethnic GroupsIdentifies contributions made by various ethnic groups to the development of Georgia—past and present.

GPS SS8H12 The student will explain the importance of significant social, economic,and political developments in Georgia since 1970.

a. Evaluate the consequences of the end of the county unit system and reapportionment.b. Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, andpast president.c. Analyze the impact of the rise of the two-party system in Georgia.d. Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia.e. Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economyof Georgia.

GPS SS8E1 The student will give examples of the kinds of goods and services producedin Georgia in different historical periods.GPS SS8E2 The student will explain the benefit of free trade.

a. Describe how Georgians have engaged in trade in different historical time periods.b. Explain Georgia’s role in world trade today.

GPS SS8E3 The student will evaluate the influence of Georgia’s economic growth anddevelopment.

a. Define profit and describe how profit is an incentive for entrepreneurs.b. Explain how entrepreneurs take risks to develop new goods and services to start abusiness.c. Evaluate the importance of entrepreneurs in Georgia who developed such enterprisesas Coca Cola, Delta Airlines, Georgia-Pacific, and Home Depot.

743. What change did NOT occur in Georgia as a result of the end of the county unit system?(B)A. More political power went to the more heavily populated areas.B. More women were elected to state office in the executive branch.C. More African Americans were elected to office in the state legislature.D. More members of the General Assembly were elected from the urban areas.

744. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution did the county unit system violate? (B)A. 13th AmendmentB. 14th AmendmentC. 15th AmendmentD. 16th Amendment

745. From what area did most of the members of Georgia’s House of Representatives comeafter the end of the county unit system? (C)A. AtlantaB. rural areasC. urban areasD. coastal areas

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746. What happened when the federal court ruled that the policy allowing each county inGeorgia to have at least one legislator was unconstitutional? (A)A. Georgia’s voting districts were redrawn.B. Georgia legislators protested the decision.C. Georgia appealed the decision of the court.D. Georgia refused to abide by the decision of the court.

747. The elimination of the county unit system did NOT (D)A. change the campaign styles of politicians.B. make the black vote more important.C. shift political power to urban areas.D. increase the number of voters.

748. How did the end of the county unit system change the focus of campaigning in Georgia?(D)A. Political rallies were held less often.B. Candidates used television more often.C. Candidates had to appeal to voters statewide.D. Candidates concentrated on larger populated areas, which had more voters.

749. The term that means to “redraw the boundaries of election districts” is (B)A. realignment.B. reapportionment.C. reconstruction.D. redistricting.

750. For how many years did the county unit system exist in Georgia? (B)A. 30 yearsB. 45 yearsC. 55 yearsD. 100 years

751. After the elimination of the county unit system, who was the first African Americanelected to the state senate since Reconstruction? (C)A. Blanche BruceB. Maynard JacksonC. Leroy JohnsonD. Andrew Young

752. What was perhaps the greatest problem with the county unit system? (A)A. A candidate could be elected without receiving a majority of the popular vote.B. Most often the most qualified candidate did not win the election.C. It created a great deal of corruption in the government.D. Candidates could be elected on popularity, not issues.

753. How will the growth of election districts in the metropolitan and urban areas affect ruralGeorgia? (A)A. It will give rural counties less control over state funds, industrial development, and

transportation expansion.B. It will make rural representatives and senators less senior in the legislature.C. It will dilute the value of a rural citizen’s vote.D. It will increase the value of a rural citizen’s vote.

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754. Which is NOT an accomplishment of Jimmy Carter? (C)A. creating the Georgia Heritage Trust to protect the state’s natural resourcesB. bringing about the Camp David Peace Accords between Israel and EgyptC. ending American’s involvement in VietnamD. reorganizing Georgia’s state government

755. What did NOT occur during President Jimmy Carter’s term? (A)A. stable, strong economyB. Camp David Peace AccordsC. ratification of the Panama Canal treatiesD. establishment of diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China

756. Jimmy Carter was born in (D)A. Athens.B. Atlanta.C. Marietta.D. Plains.

757. The SALT II agreement was negotiated to control (A)A. arms.B. alliances.C. space travel.D. foreign trade.

758. With what nation did the United States negotiate the SALT II agreement? (D)A. ChinaB. Great BritainC. IraqD. Soviet Union

759. What was the centerpiece of Jimmy Carter’s foreign policy? (C)A. containing communismB. international free tradeC. human rightsD. isolationism

760. What new cabinet position was created under President Jimmy Carter? (A)A. Department of EducationB. Department of Homeland SecurityC. Department of TransportationD. Department of Urban Affairs

761. Carter’s presidency was marked by demonstrations to shut down nuclear plants after anaccident at Three Mile Island in (D)A. Maryland.B. New York.C. Nevada.D. Pennsylvania.

762. What ambassador to the United Nations resigned while Carter was president? (D)A. Shirley Temple BlackB. James SchlesingerC. Cyrus VanceD. Andrew Young

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763. The Iranian hostage crisis began when the (A)A. exiled Shah of Iran was admitted to the United States for medical treatment.B. United States sided with Iraq in a war between Iraq and Iran.C. negotiations with the new government in Iran stopped.D. United States invaded Iran and liberated Kuwait.

764. The SALT II Treaty was tabled when Russia invaded (A)A. Afghanistan.B. Iran.C. Iraq.D. Pakistan.

765. Before a botched attempt to rescue the hostages in Iran, which member of PresidentCarter’s resigned? (D)A. Griffin BellB. Shirley HufstedlerC. James SchlesingerD. Cyrus Vance

766. Which political position was NOT held by Jimmy Carter during his career? (A)A. member of the United States SenateB. member of the Plains school boardC. member of the Georgia state senateD. governor of the state of Georgia

767. What was President Carter’s response to the Russian invasion of Afghanistan? (D)A. He sent troops to Afghanistan.B. He cut off all trade agreements with Russia.C. He prohibited Russians from migrating to the United States.D. He prohibited Americans from participating in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

768. What honor was NOT bestowed on Jimmy Carter after he left the presidency? (C)A. He had a submarine named for him.B. He received the Nobel Peace Prize.C. He received the Distinguished Service Medal of Honor.D. He received recognition for his work with Habitat for Humanity.

769. Which factor denoted a two-party political system in Georgia in the 2002 elections?(D)A. Republican Sonny Perdue was elected governor of Georgia.B. Democrats controlled the House, and there was a Republican governor.C. There was a full slate of candidates for statewide offices from both the Democratic and

Republican parties.D. Democrats controlled the Georgia General Assembly, but Republicans were elected to

the U.S. Senate and House from Georgia.

770. Which is NOT an advantage of a two-party system? (A)A. It is costly in both time and money.B. It provides more choices for the voters.C. It provides a system of checks and balances for each party.D. It requires the elected officials to keep the support of the voters.

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771. Since Reconstruction, most political figures in Georgia have been members of whichpolitical party? (C)A. DemocraticB. LibertarianC. RepublicanD. Unitarian

772. The first Republican elected to the U.S. Senate from Georgia since Reconstruction was(C)A. Newt Gingrich.B. John Lewis.C. Mack Mattingly.D. Sam Nunn.

773. The first Republican governor in Georgia in 130 years was (D)A. James Earl Carter.B. Joe Frank Harris.C. Zell Miller.D. Sonny Perdue.

774. Which statement BEST describes the role of political parties in Georgia over the lasthundred years? (B)A. Three political parties have played a major role in Georgia politics.B. For most of the time Georgia was dominated by one political party.C. Georgia has gradually changed from a two-party to a one-party system.D. Minority parties have been less important than the two major political parties.

775. Which is a result of a one-party system of government? (D)A. Laws are created along nonpartisan lines.B. There can be debates focusing on real issues.C. Politicians have to appeal to a broader range of voters.D. Colorful personalities influence the vote more than issues.

776. Which statement BEST describes the benefit Georgia received from hosting the 1996Olympics? (A)A. Georgia received international media attention and recognition for the state and the

host city, Atlanta, which lead to tourism and international business expansion.B. Georgia received world-class athletic facilities throughout the state for use by its own

citizens and visitors to the state.C. Georgia’s convention and meeting facilities, transportation infrastructure, and southern

hospitality were showcased.D. Georgia did not have to pay for the production of the televised Olympic Games.

777. Which Georgia city did NOT serve as a site for Olympic competition in 1996? (D)A. AthensB. ColumbusC. JonesboroD. Marietta

778. Which facility was NOT created especially for the Olympics? (D)A. The Stone Mountain tennis facilityB. Lake Lanier Rowing CenterC. The Georgia Horse ParkD. The Georgia Dome

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779. Criticisms of the Olympics did NOT include (C)A. overly commercial advertising.B. traffic congestion.C. poor organization.D. safety concerns.

780. Better infrastructure could have lessened the 1996 Olympics problem of (B)A. television advertising.B. traffic congestion.C. housing.D. safety.

781. What statistic does NOT represent the impact of the 1996 Olympics? (C)A. Some 197 countries participated.B. More than 10,000 athletes attended.C. Russia won the greatest number of medals.D. Seventy-nine countries won at least one medal.

782. The bombing at Centennial Olympic Park did NOT result in the (C)A. closing of the park for three days.B. establishment of security checkpoints.C. restriction of the traffic pattern within the park.D. return of people to the park as a show that they would not be intimidated.

783. Which word is an antonym for entrepreneur? (B)A. businesspersonB. employeeC. executiveD. risk taker

784. Which international business did NOT have its beginnings in Georgia? (D)A. Coca-ColaB. Delta AirlinesC. Home DepotD. Microsoft

785. What entrepreneur is associated with Coca-Cola? (C)A. Alonzo HerndonB. Bernie MarcusC. John S. PembertonD. Morris Rich

786. Perhaps the GREATEST risk taken by the makers of Coca-Cola in an effort to increasetheir profit was a decision to change the soft drink’s (D)A. price.B. name.C. formula.D. advertising.

787. Where did the company that became Delta Air Lines begin? (B)A. AtlantaB. MaconC. MonroeD. Savannah

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788. What step did Delta Air Lines NOT take to avoid bankruptcy? (B)A. cut jobsB. cut flightsC. remodel airplanesD. increase the number of flights

789. What marketing strategy was NOT used by Coca-Cola? (C)A. implement wholesome adsB. introduce a new bottle designC. develop a new formula for the drinkD. produce Coca-Cola for soldiers overseas

790. Alonzo Herndon became a successful businessman by (A)A. hiring college graduates to run his company.B. becoming the sole employee of his new business.C. moving his company to a larger metropolitan area.D. spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on advertising.

791. What factor LEAST contributes to the success of an entrepreneur? (D)A. hard workB. creativityC. diligenceD. family money

792. Who was responsible for making Coca-Cola a nationally recognizable brand? (B)A. Arthur BlankB. Asa CandlerC. Alonzo HerndonD. John Pemberton

To review the end of the county unit system and reapportionment, read pages 349-350, 433-434, and 540-542 in Georgia and the American Experience (Clarimont Press, 2005).To review Jimmy Carter, read pages 453-454 and 535 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To review information on the two-party system in Georgia, go to page 476 in Georgia and theAmerican Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review information on the 1996 Olympics, read pages 479-480 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about the economic growth in Georgia, read pages 361-367 in Georgia and theAmerican Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).For more information on reapportionment in Georgia, go to georgiareapportionment.uga.edu/maps.html.For additional information on Jimmy Carter, go towww.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jc39.html, www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/timeline/timeline2.html, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter, and www.jimmycarterlibrary.org/.For more information on the 1996 Olympics, go to www.nytimes.com/specials/olympics/ andwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2042.To learn more about the shift in population in Cobb County, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/CitiesCounties/Counties&id=h-1275.To learn more about Delta Airlines, go to en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Airlines.To learn more about Home Depot, go towww.homedepot.com/HDUS/EN_US/corporate/about/history.shtml.

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QCC 42 Cultural AchievementExamines cultural achievements made by Georgians in such fields as art, music, literature,theater, motion pictures and television—past and present.

793. What blind singer, pianist, and composer was born in Rome, Georgia? (B)A. Little RichardB. Ray CharlesC. Roy OrbisonD. Stevie Wonder

794. Who wrote the Uncle Remus stories, which highlighted the adventures of Brer Fox andBrer Rabbit? (B)A. Erskine CaldwellB. Joel Chandler HarrisC. Sidney LanierD. Margaret Mitchell

795. Which characteristic is NOT associated with Sidney Lanier? (C)A. fought in the Civil WarB. served as a lawyerC. was a musicianD. wrote “Corn”

796. Who was the author of Gone with the Wind? (C)A. Louisa May AlcottB. Jane AustinC. Margaret MitchellD. Alice Walker

797. What Georgian won an Academy Award for best actress for The Three Faces of Eve?(D)A. Audrey HepburnB. Vivien LeighC. Elizabeth TaylorD. Joanne Woodward

798. What well-known actor from Georgia is of Cherokee heritage? (D)A. Matt DamonB. Tom HanksC. Alan JacksonD. Burt Reynolds

799. What is the MAIN theme of the writings of Alice Walker? (A)A. black heritageB. Hispanic migrationC. religious persecutionD. women’s struggle for equality

800. During what decade was Little Richard a major star? (B)A. 1940sB. 1950sC. 1960sD. 1970s

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801. In what area did Jasper Johns succeed? (B)A. literatureB. paintingC. moviesD. music

802. What literary work was NOT written by Erskine Caldwell? (C)A. God’s Little AcreB. JourneymanC. The Long, Hot SummerD. Tobacco Road

803. Where was country singer Trisha Yearwood born? (D)A. AtlantaB. HelenC. MaconD. Monticello

804. A signature song of Gladys Knight, “A Midnight Train to Georgia,” was originally titled“A Midnight Train to (D)A. Boston.”B. Charleston.”C. Chicago.”D. Houston.”

To find more information on famous Georgians, go to www.50states.com/bio/georgia.htmor to find links to famous Georgians, go towww.promotega.org/asu00018/people/peoplepg.htm.

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QCC 43 Georgia Constitution U. S. ConstitutionCompares and contrasts the Georgia Constitution and the United States Constitution.

GPS SS8CG1 The student will describe the role of citizens under Georgia’s constitution.a. Explain the basic structure of the Georgia state constitution.b. Explain the concepts of separation of powers and checks and balances.

DOMAIN: CIVICS & ECONOMICS

805. How many articles are in Georgia’s state constitution?A. 8B. 11C. 13D. 15

806. How many rights are included in the Georgia Bill of Rights?A. 10B. 15C. 19D. 28

807. All government originates from theA. state’s voters.B. General Assembly.C. written constitution.D. United States Constitution.

808. The purpose of the Georgia constitution is toA. ensure freedom, liberty, justice, peace, and happiness for all of the citizens of Georgia.B. administer those rights assigned to the states by the U.S. Constitution.C. make laws, enforce laws, and collect revenue for Georgia’s citizens.D. protect and benefit all the people of Georgia.

809. Which branch of Georgia’s government is the largest?A. executive branchB. judicial branchC. legislative branchD. local branch

810. Which is NOT an elective statewide office in Georgia?A. director of the Department of TransportationB. justice of the state supreme courtC. commissioner of agricultureD. secretary of state

811. To whom does the Georgia constitution give the right to control the government?A. politiciansB. legislatureC. governorD. voters

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812. What are two ways the Georgia constitution and the United States Constitution aresimilar?A. They are the same length.B. They both have preambles and a bill of rights.C. They both focus on city and county government.D. They have been amended the same number of times.

813. Which statement is NOT an example of the system of checks and balances?A. The legislative branch can override the veto of bills.B. The legislative branch can impeach executive or judicial officials.C. The executive branch can veto legislation and call special sessions of the General Assembly.D. The judicial branch can determine whether elected officials satisfy election requirements.

814. According to the system of checks and balances, the judicial branch does NOT have thepower toA. appoint state judges.B. declare a law unconstitutional.C. declare acts of the governor unconstitutional.D. prevent executive acts through issuing injunctions.

815. According to the system of checks and balances, the legislative branch does NOT checkthe judicial branch byA. appointing state judges.B. confirming judicial appointments.C. impeaching judges and removing them from the bench.D. creating court systems or doing away with existing court systems.

816. The term separation of powers refers to the designation of certain powers toA. the federal government and certain powers to the state government.B. each of the three branches of the government.C. state and municipal government.D. the people.

817. According to the system of checks and balances, the executive branch checks the legislativebranchB. by interpreting laws.A. through impeachment.C. through the use of the veto.D. by proposing constitutional changes.

818. According to the system of checks and balances, the legislative branch CANNOT checkthe executive branch byA. confirming appointments.B. using impeachment.C. appointing justices.D. overriding a veto.

819. One criticism of the system of checks and balances is that itA. creates ill feelings among elected officials.B. is difficult to understand and implement.C. takes power away from elected officials.D. is costly, ineffective, and doesn’t help.

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820. What explanation BEST justifies the inclusion of the separation of powers doctrine inthe constitution?A. It keeps one branch of government from becoming too powerful.B. It makes a distinction among the branches of government.C. It makes government run more smoothly.D. It streamlines government.

To review information on the Georgia state constitution, read page 530 in Georgia and theAmerican Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review information on checks and balances and separation of powers, read pages 540 and546 in Georgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To obtain additional information on the Georgia state constitution, go towww.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/con1983.htm and www.legis.state.ga.us/legis/GaCode/GaConstitution.pdf.To find more information on separation of powers and checks and balances, go towww.auburn.edu/~johnspm/gloss/index.html.

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QCC 44 Three Branches of GovernmentAnalyzes the three branches of state government and the role of each.

GPS SS8CG2 The student will analyze the role of the legislative branch in Georgia’sstate constitution.

a. Explain the qualifications, term, election, and duties of members of the General Assembly.b. Describe the organization of the General Assembly with emphasis on leadership andthe committee system.c. race the steps in the legislative process for a bill to become a law in Georgia.

821. Which guideline is considered the MOST IMPORTANT for determining the boundariesfor house and senate election districts every ten years?A. equal population splits among districtsB. incumbent members’ district boundariesC. keeping the dominant political party in powerD. maintaining logical county and city boundaries intact

822. Which is NOT a requirement to serve in the Georgia senate?A. must be at least 30 years oldB. must be a citizen of the United StatesC. must be a citizen of Georgia for at least two yearsD. must be a resident of the district from which elected for one year

823. The Georgia General Assembly does NOT consider laws dealing withA. public health.B. corporations.C. education.D. treaties.

824. How long is a regular session of the Georgia General Assembly?A. 30 daysB. 35 daysC. 40 daysD. 45 days

825. Which is NOT a requirement to serve in the Georgia house of representatives?A. must be at least 21 years oldB. must be a citizen of the United StatesC. must be a citizen of Georgia for at least one yearD. must be a resident of the district from which elected for one year

826. What type of legislation must begin in the house of representatives?A. appropriation billsB. constitutional amendmentsC. education billsD. transportation bills

827. How long is the term of a member of the Georgia General Assembly?A. two yearsB. four yearsC. six yearsD. eight years

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828. What unique power does the state senate have?A. It proposes constitutional amendments.B. It confirms all executive appointments.C. It sends bills to the governor for a signature.D. It can override bills from the house of representatives.

829. Which statement about the Georgia General Assembly is TRUE?A. The General Assembly was formed as a bicameral legislature in 1777, making it older

than the United States Congress.B. The General Assembly has 159 members in the house of representatives (one per county)

and 56 members in the senate.C. Members of the legislature must have been legal residents of the district from which they

are elected for at least one year.D. The two houses of the General Assembly have equal powers and authority under the

state constitution.

830. The presiding officer of the senate or the house of representatives does NOTA. recognize speakers to discuss or debate issues on the floor of the chamber.B. approve all legislation submitted to the governor.C. assign proposed bills to committees.D. appoint committee members.

831. Which legislative committee is NOT a standing committee?A. Appropriations CommitteeB. Judiciary CommitteeC. Reapportionment CommitteeD. Ways and Means Committee

832. The presiding officer of the senate or the house does NOTA. determine which proposed bills will come out of committees for floor debate.B. control debate over proposed legislation.C. rule out proposed amendments to bills.D. order roll call votes on issues.

833. To which legislative committee are tax bills assigned?A. Appropriations CommitteeB. Income Tax CommitteeC. Revenue CommitteeD. Ways and Means Committee

834. Which statement accurately describes the powers of the Georgia General Assembly?A. It has law-making powers over all areas of Georgia involving money, taxes, revenue, and

appropriations.B. It has law-making power over all areas not specifically assigned to the United States

Constitution.C. It has sole power over some areas and split power with the U.S. government in other areas.D. It has powers specifically designated in both the U.S. and state constitutions.

835. A legislative committee CANNOTA. vote the bill out of committee for further consideration.B. send a bill to the governor for his or her signature.C. hold public meetings.D. kill the bill.

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836. How many legislators serve in Georgia’s house of representatives?A. 100B. 145C. 180D. 200

837. How many people serve in the Georgia’s state senate?A. 56B. 60C. 65D. 70

838. Which is an example of a permanent legislative committee?A. ConferenceB. StandingC. InterimD. Joint

839. The main purpose of a legislative committee is toA. review bills before they come to the floor for discussion.B. propose bills to be considered by the full chamber.C. draft bills that have the best chance to become law.D. decide which bills to send to the governor.

840. Who presides over the Georgia state senate?A. governorB. lieutenant governorC. senate pro temporeD. speaker of the Assembly

841. Who presides over the Georgia house of representatives?A. leader of the majority political partyB. lieutenant governorC. most senior member of the HouseD. speaker of the house

842. The leader of the house of representative is chosen byA. a vote of the house membership.B. the governor.C. seniority.D. district.

843. What responsibility is NOT given to the leaders of the senate and the house?A. They assign bills to committees.B. They set the length of the session.C. They appoint committee members.D. They appoint committee chairpersons.

844. What happens when the house and the senate version of a bill differ after being passed bytheir respective bodies?A. The bill is referred to the governor to sign or veto.B. The bill is referred to a standing committee to rewrite.C. The bill is considered to be dead and cannot become law.D. The bill is referred to a conference committee for compromise rewording.

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845. What happens to a bill passed by the legislature if the governor does not veto it, but doesnot sign it?A. The bill is killed.B. The bill becomes law.C. The bill goes back to the senate.D. The bill goes back to the house of representatives.

846. What vote is required in the house of representatives in order for a bill to pass?A. consensus of house membersB. majority vote of house membersC. two-thirds vote of house membersD. three-fifths vote of house members

847. What is the correct sequence for a bill to become a law?1. The bill is assigned to a committee.2. Copies of bills are given to the legislator.3. The governor may sign the bill.4. The bill is sent to full chamber.

A. 2-1-4-3B. 1-2-4-3C. 2-4-1-3D. 4-2-1-3

848. If the governor vetoes a bill, the legislature can override the veto by aA. three-fourths vote of both houses.B. two-thirds vote of both houses.C. two-thirds vote of one house.D. majority vote of both houses.

To review information on the Georgia General Assembly, read pages 536-540 in Georgia andthe American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review how a bill becomes a law, read pages 540-541 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To find more information on the Georgia General Assembly, go towww.georgia.gov/00/channel/0,2141,4802_1361924,00.html.To find more information on how a bill becomes law, go towww.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/pdf/legchart.pdf.

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QCC 44 Three Branches of GovernmentAnalyzes the three branches of state government and the role of each.

GPS SS8CG3 The student will analyze the role of the executive branch in Georgiastate government.

a. Explain the qualifications, term, election, and duties of the Governor and LieutenantGovernor.b. Describe the organization of the executive branch with emphasis on major policy areasof state programs.

849. What is the maximum number of consecutive years that a Georgia governor may serve asthe state’s chief executive officer?A. 4B. 6C. 8D. 10

850. Which power of Georgia’s governor is NOT included in the state constitution?A. signing bills from the legislature into lawB. serving as commander-in-chief of the Georgia National GuardC. preparing an annual budget for consideration by the General AssemblyD. representing Georgia in meetings with federal officials or other state’s governors

851. Which types of powers are NOT given to Georgia’s governor by the state constitution?A. legislative powersB. executive powersC. political powersD. judicial powers

852. Who becomes Georgia’s governor in the event both the governor and lieutenant governorare unable to serve?A. attorney generalB. president pro tempore of the senateC. secretary of stateD. speaker of the house of representatives

853. Why is the power to make appointments to boards and executive offices important to thegovernor of Georgia?A. By appointing persons from the same political party, the governor can help one party

dominate state government.B. Through appointments, a governor can spread his or her influence far beyond the limited

powers of the governor’s office.C. Through appointments to boards and executive offices, a governor can control the actions

of all state agencies and boards.D. By appointing political backers and campaign contributors, the governor can repay

supporters and raise money for future campaigns.

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854. Which qualification is NOT a requirement to be elected governor of Georgia?A. A governor must be at least 30 years old before taking office in Georgia.B. A governor must be a resident of Georgia for at least 6 years prior to taking office.C. A governor must have an advanced degree or advanced education prior to taking office.D. A governor must have been a citizen of the U.S. for at least 15 years prior to taking

office.

855. How many consecutive years can a lieutenant governor serve in that capacity accordingto Georgia’s constitution?A. 4 yearsB. 8 yearsC. 16 yearsD. undefined number of years

856. The lieutenant governor most effectively affects the passage or failure of legislation inthe state senate byA. how he or she votes on a bill.B. assigning senate bills to committee.C. being able to veto bills in committee.D. establishing the senate meeting schedules.

857. Which is an example of an executive power given to the governor?A. the power to sign billsB. the power to appoint heads of agenciesC. the power to send messages to law makersD. the power to call special sessions of the legislature

858. Which is an example of a judicial power given to the governor?A. the power to enforce lawsB. the power to impeach judgesC. the power to pardon criminalsD. the power to call special sessions

859. Which elected official heads the Georgia Department of State?A. governorB. lieutenant governorC. secretary of stateD. attorney general

860. Which elected state official controls the administration of state and federal educationfunds?A. director of Department of RevenueB. state school superintendentC. state treasurerD. governor

861. Which official is elected?A. a member of the State Board of RegentsB. State Board of Education memberC. commissioner of insuranceD. food and drug inspector

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862. The chief legal officer of the state of Georgia is theA. governor.B. chief justice.C. attorney general.D. chief magistrate.

863. Which office maintains the state’s official records and supervises elections?A. Department of Administrative ServicesB. Department of Community AffairsC. Board of TransportationD. Department of State

864. Which is NOT part of the executive branch of Georgia’s government?A. Board of CorrectionsB. Board of Public SafetyC. Board of Juvenile JusticeD. State Transportation Board

To review information on the executive branch of Georgia’s government, read pages 530-534 inGeorgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To find more information on the executive branch, go towww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-702 orwww.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/GovernmentPolitics/Government/StateGovernment/ExecutiveBranch&id=h-2783.

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QCC 44 Three Branches of GovernmentAnalyzes the three branches of state government and the role of each.

GPS SS8CG4 The student will analyze the role of the judicial branch in Georgia stategovernment.

a. Explain the structure of the court system in Georgia and how judges are selected.b. Explain the differences between criminal law and civil law.c. Describe the history of the juvenile court.d. Compare the juvenile justice system to the adult justice system emphasizing the differentjurisdictions, terminology, and steps in the criminal justice process.e. Describe the rights and juveniles when taken into custody.f. Describe ways to avoid trouble and settle disputes peacefully.

865. Georgia’s Supreme Court does NOTA. conduct appellate review of all cases in county magistrate courts and county or district

juvenile courts.B. interpret the state’s constitution and rule whether statutory laws are consistent with the

constitution.C. protect the basic civil rights and liberties of Georgia’s citizens as outlined in the U.S.

Constitution.D. review all trial cases in the state where the death penalty was a part of the sentencing.

866. The state’s courts do NOT enforce laws in cases whereA. court interpretations of laws or case laws are involved.B. violations of the constitutional laws of Georgia have been charged.C. violations of federal laws or regulations of federal agencies have been charged.D. violations of regulations of the agencies of the executive branch of state government

have been charged.

867. Who established the code of judicial conduct for judges of Georgia and regulates theadmission of attorneys to the practice of law in the state?A. General Assembly of GeorgiaB. attorney general of GeorgiaC. supreme court of GeorgiaD. governor of Georgia

868. Which courts are found in each county in Georgia?A. criminal courts, civil courts, municipal courts, magistrate courtsB. municipal courts, magistrate courts, probate courts, juvenile courtsC. civil courts, criminal courts, probate courts, tax courts, juvenile courtsD. circuit or regional courts, magistrate courts, juvenile courts, state tax courts

869. A grand jury in Georgia decides whether or not aA. person accused of a crime is guilty or innocent.B. law, statute, or regulation of the state has been violated or broken.C. person accused of a crime should be charged and stand trial for that crime.D. person accused, tried, and convicted of a crime received due process of law.

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870. Which statement BEST describes how the grand jury protects individual citizens fromabuses of power by elected officials?A. Citizens elected to public office cannot be accused of crimes without a review of those

charges by a grand jury.B. Citizens cannot receive the death penalty in Georgia without a review of their sentences

by the grand jury.C. Citizens accused of crimes cannot be charged and tried without the approval of the

grand jury.D. Citizens cannot be denied due process of law without approval of the grand jury.

871. How long is the term of a member of the Georgia state supreme court?A. 2 yearsB. 4 yearsC. 6 yearsD. 8 years

872. How many justices serve on the Georgia state supreme court?A. 5B. 7C. 9D. 11

873. Which type of court is NOT a trial court?A. state courtB. probate courtC. superior courtD. supreme court

874. Which is NOT a role of the Georgia’s judicial branch of government?A. The judicial branch approves all the governor’s appointments.B. The judicial branch protects the rights of the citizens.C. The judicial branch interprets the state constitution.D. The judicial branch tries those accused of crimes.

875. What is NOT part of due process?A. the right to a speedy public trialB. the right to be free on bail before a trialC. the right to have a lawyer present during questioningD. the right to remain silent so as not to incriminate oneself

876. What types of cases are automatically reviewed by the state supreme court?A. cases dealing with willsB. cases dealing with land titlesC. cases dealing with habeas corpusD. cases dealing with the death penalty

877. Which is NOT true of the state supreme court?A. It only hears appeals.B. It does not have a jury.C. It does not call witnesses.D. It does not have lawyers present.

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878. How are members of the state supreme court chosen?A. They are elected by popular vote.B. They are elected by magistrates.C. The are appointed by the governor.D. They are appointed by the legislature.

879. What is NOT a difference between criminal and civil law?A. In some civil cases a person can purchase insurance to pay fees, but this does not occur

in criminal cases.B. In a civil case, the defendant cannot remain silent to prevent incriminating himself/herself.C. A civil case is not tried by a jury, but a criminal case is.D. A civil verdict never carries jail time, while a criminal case can.

880. Who has the burden of proof in a criminal case?A. accusedB. plaintiffC. defenseD. state

881. Who has the burden of proof in a civil case?A. accusedB. plaintiffC. defenseD. state

882. Which is NOT a criminal charge?A. robberyB. murderC. fraudD. rape

883. What is NOT a punishment in a criminal case?A. acquittalB. executionC. fineD. jail time

884. What are the most serious criminal crimes called?A. misdemeanorsB. insurrectionsC. feloniesD. torts

885. Which is NOT a protection of the U.S. Constitution for those accused of violatingcriminal law?A. prohibition of double jeopardyB. exclusion of hearsay testimonyC. unreasonable searches or seizuresD. right to counsel regardless of ability to pay

886. Fines for misdemeanors are generally less thanA. $100.B. $500.C. $1,000.D. $1,500.

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887. A juvenile in Georgia is one who is under the age ofA. 15.B. 16.C. 17.D. 18.

888. What was the first Georgia county to establish a juvenile court?A. CobbB. FultonC. LaurensD. Richmond

889. For how many years have special juvenile courts existed in Georgia?A. around 150B. around 100C. around 50D. around 25

890. A purpose of juvenile courts is NOT toA. ensure equal care and guidance.B. help protect the well being of children.C. provide a good home life for juvenile offenders.D. provide care for children removed from homes.

891. How are juvenile judges selected?A. They are appointed by superior court judges.B. They are appointed by the legislature.C. They are appointed by the governor.D. They are elected by the people.

892. What requirement is NOT necessary to become a juvenile court judge?A. They must be at least 30 years of age.B. They must have training in adolescent development.C. They must have lived in Georgia at least three years.D. They must have practiced law for at least five years.

893. Juveniles in Georgia are NOT guaranteed the right toA. a fair trial.B. an attorney.C. bail when being detained.D. protection from self-incrimination.

894. Which protection does NOT apply to juveniles in Georgia’s courts?A. the right to present a defense, introduce evidence, and testify on one’s own behalfB. the right to confront and question witnesses against themC. the right to be represented by an attorneyD. the right to a trial before a jury of peers

895. In determining the punishment or sentencing of a juvenile, a juvenile court judgeCANNOTA. fine them or sentence them to jail terms and mandatory school attendance.B. deny students the right to an education if they have broken school laws.C. place them on probation or release them in the custody of their parents.D. assign them to alternative programs such as boot camps.

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896. Juveniles who commit specific serious and violent crimes may be placed under thejurisdiction of theA. state magistrate court.B. state supreme court.C. state superior court.D. state juvenile court.

897. Which issue is NOT currently a major source of debate among juvenile justice advocatesin Georgia?A. detainment without bail for juvenile offendersB. mandatory sentencing guidelines for some juvenile offendersC. extension of custody of juveniles by courts for up to five yearsD. use of juvenile courts for cases involving increasingly violent crimes

898. Which sentencing option is NOT an example of “community service” that could beassigned by a juvenile judge?A. volunteering in work programs at schools and librariesB. working at a kitchen in a homeless shelterC. suspending a student’s license to driveD. running errands for Hospice

899. Who determines if a juvenile who is taken into custody should be detained or released tohis or her parents?B. the police departmentA. the arresting officerC. a juvenile judgeD. an intake officer

900. Which option is NOT normally used by juvenile judges when sentencing juveniles foundguilty of committing delinquent acts?A. releasing the juvenile into the custody of parentsB. sending the juvenile to a state penitentiaryC. placing the juvenile on probationD. assigning community service

901. Delinquent juveniles are those whoA. commit traffic offenses.B. are neglected or abused by parents or guardians.C. are under seventeen years of age and who commit acts that would be crimes if they were

committed by adults.D. are under eighteen years of age and who commit acts that would not be considered

crimes if they were committed by adults.

902. The first step when a juvenile is taken into custody isA. a formal hearing.B. an adjudicatory hearing.C. a dispositional hearing.D. an intake investigation.

903. Generally juveniles who have been taken into custody are NOT detained if theyA. have health problems.B. are a risk to run away.C. have nowhere else to go.D. have been in trouble before.

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904. If a juvenile is detained, a juvenile judge CANNOT decide toA. send the person to a juvenile facility.B. have an informal adjustment.C. have a formal hearing.D. dismiss the case.

905. Which is NOT a condition set forth in an informal adjustment?A. The juvenile must admit to the wrongdoing.B. The juvenile may be required to pay damages.C. The juvenile may be required to participate in a counseling program.D. The juvenile is placed under the supervision of the court for at least one year.

906. Which type of juvenile hearing is similar to a trial?A. an adjudicatory hearingB. a dispositional hearingC. a sentencing hearingD. a formal hearing

907. In a dispositional hearing, the judgeA. determines the punishment.B. pronounces the punishment.C. advises the juvenile of his/her rights.D. hears the charges against the juvenile.

908. If the juvenile judge determines the youth is not guilty, which is the only hearing that is held?A. dispositional hearingB. sentencing hearingC. informal adjustmentD. adjudicatory hearing

909. What three amendments to the U.S. Constitution generally provide protection for therights of juveniles?A. Amendments 1, 2, and 3B. Amendments 1, 4, and 5C. Amendments 1, 3, and 6D. Amendments 1, 14, and 15

910. What is NOT a method of solving conflicts peacefully?A. collaborationB. compromiseC. mediationD. war

911. What is NOT a good method to solve a conflict with a friend?A. Have a face-to-face meeting.B. Argue your position.C. Be confrontational.D. Be a good listener.

912. Which piece of advice is LEAST effective when disagreeing diplomatically?A. Be firm in your convictions.B. State your position or opinion clearly.C. Summarize your understanding of the other point of view.D. Demonstrate the value you hold for the person with an opposite point of view even

though you do not support that position.

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913. Which action is LEAST likely to cause a conflict to erupt into violence?A. little experience with responding to authorityB. lack of empathyC. lack of respectD. objectivity

914. Which action does NOT lend itself to settling a disagreement peacefully?A. compromiseB. mediationC. arguingD. voting

915. Read the following scenario.

To review information on the structure of Georgia’s court system, read pages 544-546 inGeorgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review criminal and civil law, read pages 544-545 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To review the history of juvenile courts in Georgia, read page 547 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review information on juvenile rights and the juvenile process in Georgia, read pages 548-551 in Georgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To find more information about the structure of Georgia’s court system, including juvenilecourts, go to www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?path=/GovernmentPolitics/Government/StateGovernment/JudicialBranch&id=h-2841.To learn more about criminal and civil law, go to www.rbs2.com/cc.htm.To find more information on juvenile courts in Georgia, go tol i b ra r y. lp . f ind law.com/ar t i c l e s / f i l e /00684/001663/ t i t l e /Sub jec t / top i c /Juvenile%20Justice_Disposition,%20Sentencing,%20and%20Punishment/filename/juvenilejustice_1_798.To find more information on the rights of juveniles, go towww.cycc.state.ga.us/pdfs/teen_rights.pdf.To get more information on conflict management, go towww.onlinewbc.gov/Docs/manage/conflicts.html

Tom and John are friends who go to the same school. Tom often borrows things fromJohn, i.e., pencils, books, paper. Although John and Tom get along well, sometimes Johngets irritated with his friend when Tom doesn’t return the things he borrows.

One day, Tom asks to borrow John’s cell phone. Because Tom has not returned borroweditems in the past, John refuses. Tom becomes angry and accuses John of not being hisfriend. John counters that Tom is the one who is not a good friend because he neverreturns anything. Tom calls John a name and John lunges at him, punching him in theface. Before anything else happens, a teacher, seeing the confrontation, takes both boys tothe office.How could this incident BEST be resolved without resorting to violence?A. having both boys tell their side of the storyB. having a third party mediate the argumentC. arguing the responsibility of friendshipD. allowing Tom to have the phone

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QCC 45 Special DistrictsExamines the organization and powers of local governments, including cities, counties,and special districts (e.g., school systems, MARTA and housing authorities).

GPS SS8CG5 The student will analyze the role of local governments in the state ofGeorgia.

a. Explain the origins, functions, purposes, and differences of county and city governmentsin Georgia.b. Compare and contrast the weak mayor-council, the strong mayor-council, and the council-manager forms of city government.c. Describe the functions of special-purpose governments.

916. Georgia’s first counties were established byA. the Charter of 1732.B. the Constitution of 1777.C. the Constitution of 1867.D. the Constitution of 1956.

917. How many counties does Georgia have today?A. 50B. 109C. 159D. 219

918. An example of a consolidated city-county government isA. Atlanta-Fulton County.B. Augusta-Richmond County.C. Pine Mountain-Harris County.D. Rome-Floyd County.

919. Which county official is elected rather than appointed?A. clerkB. commissionerC. registrarD. road supervisor

920. Which position is appointed rather than elected?A. county tax commissionerB. county commissionerC. probate court judgeD. county attorney

921. Which term describes a city with its own government?A. megalopolisB. municipalityC. townD. village

922. What is the name of Georgia’s oldest city?A. AugustaB. OglethorpeC. SavannahD. Sunbury

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923. What is the maximum number of counties established by Georgia law?A. 90B. 149C. 159D. 200

924. Which Georgia county is the smallest in size?A. AtkinsonB. ClarkeC. GwinnettD. Troup

925. Shared services between city and county governments do NOT include the operation ofA. area hospitals.B. a local school system.C. area transportation services.D. business development authorities.

926. A county administrator or county manager does NOT typicallyA. proclaim or pass county ordinances.B. manage the day-to-day operations of county government.C. carry out policies established by the County Commissioners.D. appoint or supervise many department heads within the county.

927. Which requirement is NOT necessary in order to obtain a city charter from the statelegislature?A. The city must divide at least 60 percent of the land area into tracts.B. The city must have at least 200 residents and have voted to incorporate.C. The city must be three or more miles from the boundaries of next nearest city.D. The city must provide police, fire, ambulance, 911, water, and sewage services.

928. Which county official is appointed?A. clerk of the superior courtB. tax assessorC. coronerD. sheriff

929. Which county official is elected?A. county clerkB. fire chiefC. judge of probate courtD. road supervisor

930. What service is NOT provided by the county?A. roadsB. libraryC. animal controlD. interstate maintenance

931. Which form of city government is uncommon in Georgia?A. board of commissioners-mayorB. commissionerC. council-managerD. mayor-council

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932. Which statement describing a commission form of city government is TRUE?A. Commissioners hire the heads of government agencies or departments.B. The mayor is elected along with the commissioners.C. The mayor is selected from the commissioners.D. Commissioners are county and city officials.

933. Which description of a council-manager form of city government is FALSE?A. The council is appointed or elected.B. The mayor may be appointed or elected.C. The city council establishes laws and policies.D. The city manager oversees the day-to-day operation of government.

934. What type of government would MOST LIKELY be used by large cities?A. board of commissioners-mayorB. council-managerC. mayor-councilD. commission

935. Which is the most common type of city government in Georgia?A. board of commissioners-mayorB. council-managerC. mayor-councilD. commission

936. Which statement about strong-mayor and weak-mayor forms of government is FALSE?A. In a strong-mayor form of government, the mayor prepares the budget.B. In a weak-mayor form of government, the mayor serves as a figurehead.C. In a weak-mayor form of government, the council appoints department heads.D. In a strong mayor-form of government, the mayor only performs ceremonial duties.

937. Which county and city merged services to better serve their citizens?A. Athens-Clark CountyB. Atlanta-Fulton CountyC. Cleveland-White CountyD. Dalton-Whitfield County

938. Special-purpose district forms of government do NOT include theA. county board of education.B. airport authority.C. city government.D. port authority.

939. How many county school systems are in operation in Georgia?A. 145B. 159C. 161D. 361

940. What is the main goal of special-purpose governments?A. to bring government closer to the peopleB. to provide for the public welfareC. to save taxpayers moneyD. to consolidate services

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941. As a special-purpose government, MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid TransitAuthority) CANNOTA. expand MARTA to other communities.B. determine the cost of fares.C. make schedules.D. select routes.

To review information on county government, read pages 561-567 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clarimont Press, 2005).To review information about city government, read pages 570-573 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review information about special purpose governments, read pages 573-574 in Georgia andthe American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To find additional information on local government in Georgia, go towww.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/county.htm to find links to specific counties.To find more information on city government in Georgia, use a search engine, like Google, tolocate a particular city.To find more information about special purpose governments, go towww.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/district.htm.

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QCC 46 Major Taxes Sources of Revenue ServicesEvaluates how major taxes and other sources of revenue for state and local governmentsimpact services provided to the citizens.

GPS SS8E4 The student will identify revenue sources and services provided by stateand local governments.

a. Trace sources of state revenue such as sales taxes, federal grants, personal income taxes,and property taxes.b.Explain the distribution of state revenue to provide services.c. Evaluate how choices are made given the limited revenues of state and local government.

942. How many budgets does the state of Georgia work with each year?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4

943. What is the name given to Georgia’s budgetary spending year?A. fiscal yearB. banking yearC. calendar yearD. government year

944. Most of Georgia’s revenue goes to provideA. interest.B. new roads.C. services for its citizens.D. salaries for government employees.

Use Figure 65 to answer Questions 945-947.

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945. Georgia’s sources of state income do NOT includeA. investments of state resources in stocks and bonds.B. special fees collected by state agencies.C. lottery funds.D. sales taxes.

946. The largest source of Georgia’s income comes fromA. fees.B. sales taxes.C. the lottery.D. state income taxes.

947. What percent of Georgia’s revenue comes from sources other than income or sales taxes?A. 10 percentB. 15 percentC. 20 percentD. 25 percent

Use Figure 66 to answer Questions 948-950.

948. The largest percentage of state funds is spent onA. educationB. public safetyC. transportationD. human services

949. Which two expenditures total 13 percent?A. public safety and transportationB. interest on debt and transportationC. natural resources and transportationD. economic development and public safety

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950. Which statement BEST describes the data in Figure 66?A. Human services is a high priority.B. Little money is spent on public safety.C. The same amount of money is spent on transportation and public safety.D. The legislature spends more than 10 percent of its funds on state government.

951. Georgia’s stable economy during national times of recessions and depressions is the resultofA. a required state personal and corporate income tax.B. the use of both a fiscal and a supplementary budget process.C. the foresight of legislature to save money in contingency funds.D. a constitutional requirement that Georgia have a balanced budget.

952. Which statement BEST explains what happens when revenue does not meet itsprojections?A. The budget is revised.B. All spending is put on hold.D. The budget becomes deficit.D. The budget remains the same.

953. What is the first step in developing Georgia’s state budget?A. The governor sets priorities.B. The counties submit their needs.C. Each department submits requests for funding.D. The General Assembly determines how much money will be available.

954. What factor MOST LIKELY determines whether funding for a program is included inthe state budget?A. the popularity of a programB. the amount of revenue availableC. the benefits and cost effectiveness of a programD. the inclusion of the program in the governor’s platform

955. One of the sources of revenue for local governments is a franchise tax, which is collected onA. all businesses.B. cable companies.C. luxury purchases.D. alcohol beverages.

956. Which statement about sales taxes is TRUE?A. Sales taxes are only collected at the state level.B. Sales taxes are only collected at the county level.C. Sales taxes are only collected at the municipal level.D. Sales taxes are collected at the state, county, and municipal levels.

957. What is the largest source of revenue for county governments?A. licenses and permitsB. property taxesC. sales taxesD. user fees

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958. What is the largest source of revenue for municipal governments?A. licenses and permitsB. property taxesC. sales taxesD. user fees

To review information about sources of revenue at the state level, read page 539 in Georgiaand the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To review sources of revenue for county and municipal governments, read pages 568-569 inGeorgia and the American Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).For more information on the budget process, go towww.legis.state.ga.us/legis/budget/process.htm.

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QCC 47 Political PartiesDescribes the historical role of Georgia’s political parties in state and local government.

QCC 48 Political PartiesExplains the changing role of Georgia’s political parties in state and local government.

GPS SS8CG1 The student will describe the role of citizens under Georgia’s constitution.e. Explain the role of political parties in government.

959. What are the dominant political parties in Georgia today?A. Independent, Democratic, and RepublicanB. Federalist and Democratic-RepublicanC. Republican and IndependentD. Democratic and Republican

960. Why are third parties important?A. They give more people a way to express their ideas.B. They keep one party from becoming too powerful.C. They make election campaigns more interesting.D. They split the vote of the two major parties.

961. Which platform does NOT match the political party with which it is paired?A. Dixiecrat—Against rights for African AmericansB. Libertarian—Support individual rightsC. Green—Support environmental issuesD. Progressive—Support big business

962. What was NOT an issue of political parties in the 1850s?A. slaveryB. free tradeC. immigrationD. states’ rights

963. An early political party, the Federalists supportedA. slavery.B. states’ rights.C. the common man.D. a strong central government.

964. Which statement LEAST explains the role of political parties today?A. Political parties provide a set of issues with which individuals can relate.B. Political parties raise funds for their candidates.C. Political parties work for the common man.D. Political parties give voters a choice.

To review information on political parties, read page 578 in Georgia and the American Experience(Clairmont Press, 2005).To find out more about the role of political parties, go toap.grolier.com/article?assetid=a2023620-h&templatename=/article/article.html.

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QCC 49 CitizenshipDemonstrates an understanding of the concept “citizenship” and recognizes that there aremultiple levels of citizenship (e.g., nation, state, county and city).

GPS SS8CG1 The student will describe the role of citizens under Georgia’s constitution.c. Describe the rights and responsibilities of citizens.d. Explain voting requirements and elections in Georgia.

965. What right is NOT given to United States citizens in the U.S. Constitution?A. freedom of religionB. the right to a fair trialC. the right to bear armsD. the right to an education

966. Which is NOT a legal responsibility of citizenship?A. paying taxes to the state and national governmentsB. serving on a jury to determine guilt or innocenceC. cooperating with law enforcement agenciesD. obeying the laws and paying fines

967. What is the process by which a person from another country can become an Americancitizen?A. emigrationB. immigrationC. naturalizationD. nationalization

968. What right of citizenship requires that a person being held in custody be brought beforethe court to determine if he or she is lawfully being held?A. ad valoremB. habeas corpusC. homo sapiensD. sic juris prudence

969. What financial responsibility does a citizen have toward the government?A. making political contributionsB. buying on creditC. paying debtsD. paying taxes

970. Which is NOT an example of a way that citizens can stay informed?A. expressing an opinionB. reading newspapersC. attending meetingsD. talking to others

971. How old must a person be to vote in Georgia today?A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 25

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972. Low voter turnout results inA. government control by well-organized special interest groups.B. higher costs for government.C. more efficient government.D. less effective government.

Use the following chart to answer Questions 973-975.

VOTING STATISTICS FOR GEORGIANovember 2000 General Election

Voting Category 1996 Election 2000 Election

Statewide turnout of voters 61.5% 69%Percent of votes cast by white voters 78.8% 76.8%Percent of votes cast by African Americans 21.2% 23.2%Percent of votes cast by 18-24 year olds 5.6% 6.8%

Turnout among registered white voters 71.4%Turnout among registered African American voters 62.8%

Percent of total ballots cast by women 55.4%Percent of total ballots cast by men 44.6%

Selected turnout of voters by ageAge 18-24 44.0%Age 25-34 59.5%Age 35-45 70.5%Age 46-59 75.0%Age 60-64 81.0%

Selected turnout of voters by race and genderBlack female 67.0%Black male 57.0%White female 72.0%White male 71.0%Total female 70.1%Total male 67.4%

973. According to the data, which age group had the highest voter turnout in general electionsin Georgia?A. age 18-24B. age 35-45C. age 45-49D. age 60-64

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974. According to the data, which group by race and gender had the highest participation inthe 2000 election in Georgia?A. black femalesB. white femalesC. black malesD. white males

975. According to the data, which age group had the lowest percentage of eligible votersparticipate in the 2000 election?A. age 18-24B. age 25-34C. age 35-45D. age 60-64

976. Which person CANNOT vote in Georgia?A. a naturalized citizenB. a person who is blindC. a person over the age of 90D. a person serving a sentence for a felony

977. Who is the chief election officer in Georgia?A. governorB. county clerkC. county registrarD. secretary of state

978. Which requirement is NOT necessary to vote in Georgia?A. a resident of Georgia and the county in which you are votingB. a registered member of a political partyC. 18 years of age before the electionD. a citizen of the United States

979. Which is NOT an acceptable reason for casting an absentee ballot?A. absence from your precinct from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on election dayB. serving as a constant caregiver for a person with a physical disabilityC. serving as an election officialD. being 70 years of age

980. What is the main difference between advance voting and absentee voting?A. Advance voting can be done for any reason.B. Advance voting must be done in your precinct.C. Advance voting cannot be done by an election official.D. Advance voting can be done up to the afternoon before the election.

To review citizenship, read pages 582-583 in Georgia and the American Experience (ClairmontPress, 2005).To review voting requirements in Georgia, read pages 580-581 in Georgia and the AmericanExperience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To find more information on citizenship, go to bensguide.gpo.gov/3-5/citizenship/.To find additional information on voting in Georgia, go towww.sos.state.ga.us/elections/elections/voter_information/default.htm.

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QCC 50 American FederalismExamines the role of state and local governments under the system of American federalism.

981. Federalism is a system in which theA. federal government is all powerful.B. federal government funds state programs.C. state government can disregard certain federal laws.D. federal government shares power with local governments.

982. Under a federal system, what happens if there is a conflict between a state and a nationallaw?A. The state law prevails.B. The federal law prevails.C. The laws are declared unconstitutional.D. The laws are reviewed by the court system.

983. What provision in the U.S. Constitution gives powers to the states?A. 10th AmendmentB. 11th AmendmentC. 12th AmendmentD. 13th Amendment

984. What area is NOT controlled by state law?A. public educationB. health regulationsC. police and fire regulationsD. establishing bankruptcy rules

985. What power is NOT expressly given to the federal government in the U.S. Constitution?A. the power to provide homeland securityB. the power to regulate commerceC. the power to declare warD. the power to coin money

986. What provision in the U.S. Constitution gives the federal government a way to increaseits power?A. the elastic clauseB. the amendment processC. the power given to the legislature to pass lawsD. the power given to the president to enforce laws

987. Which statement does NOT explain a consequence of the federal government’s increasedpower?A. The federal government makes decisions farther away from local communities.B. The federal government has become more efficient.C. The federal government has gotten larger.D. The federal deficit has increased.

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988. Which power is NOT a concurrent power, given to both the federal and state governments?A. ability to levy taxesB. ability to make treatiesC. ability to construct highwaysD. ability to spend money for the general welfare

To review federalism, read page 509 in Georgia and the American Experience (ClairmontPress, 2005).To learn more about issues related to federalism today, go towww.closeup.org/federal.htm#state.To learn more about federalism, go to www.usconstitution.net/consttop_fedr.html.

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QCC 51 Environmental Issue Geographical IssuesInterprets environmental and geographic issues in Georgia and analyzes the future effectsof possible responses to these needs.

To review environmental issues in Georgia, read pages 471 and 575-577 in Georgia and theAmerican Experience (Clairmont Press, 2005).To learn more about environmental issues in Georgia, go towww.ganet.org/dnr/environ/gaenviron_files/gaenviro.htm.To find links to a variety of environmental issues, go togeorgia.sierraclub.org/atlanta/agconsv.html.

989. Which is NOT a current environment and geographical issue in Georgia?A. clean airB. urban sprawlC. ground water qualityD. mountain top mining

990. What does urban sprawl transform into housing subdivisions, shopping malls, and parkinglots?A. deteriorating downtown businessesB. older residential areasC. abandoned mine sitesC. farmland

991. The geography theme that describes how humans use, affect, and are affected by theirenvironment is known asA. regionsB. locationC. movementD. human/environmental interaction

992. Which advancement in Georgia was NOT due to early settlers changing the naturalenvironment?A. building roads and railroadsB. trading with the IndiansC. building log cabinsD. hunting wildlife

993. Which describes a GOOD effect of human/environmental interaction?A. locating chemical plants beside rivers and streamsB. developing large metropolitan centersC. building expensive subdivisionsD. building dams on rivers

994. What LEAST changes the environment when subdivisions are built?A. utilitiesB. infrastructureC. sewer systemsD. shopping centers

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GPS SS8E5 The student will explain personal money management choices in terms ofincome, spending, credit, saving, and investing.

995. Which is NOT a type of account offered by banks?A. checkingB. direct depositC. money marketD. savings

996. What is an advantage of a savings account over a checking account?A. Savings accounts provide more protection for your money.B. Savings accounts can be used to guarantee loans.C. Savings accounts pay a higher rate of interest.D. Savings accounts are easier to acquire.

997. Why do periods of low interest rates create jobs?A. Savings accounts pay a lower rate of interest.B. People are willing to work for less money.C. People borrow money to buy more goods.D. People save more money.

998. When is the BEST time to borrow moneyA. when interest rates are lowB. when a person has a good credit ratingC. when a person wants to purchase an expensive itemD. when a person has a good job so he or she can repay the loan

999. Which type of bank account provides more flexibility?A. checkingB. loanC. money marketD. savings

1000. How has technology NOT changed banking?A. It has permitted easy transfer of funds from one account to another.B. It has made direct deposit through an ATM possible.C. It has made debit cards a choice over credit cards.D. It has provided personal bankers.

1001. When should people buy less on credit?A. when they have no savings accountB. when they have no collateralC. when interest rates are highD. when they have other debts

1002. Which group of people have increased their use of credit cards the most over the last twoyears?A. teenagersB. college studentsC. middle-aged peopleD. those over 65

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1003. What is NOT a method of saving money?A. purchasing stocksB. purchasing bondsC. purchasing certificates of depositD. purchasing antiques and collectibles

To learn more about money management, go to www.moneyinstructor.com/.To learn more about credit cards, go to www.bankrate.com/brm/green/cc/cc4.asp.

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1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A10. A11. D12. B13. C14. B15. A16. B17. D18. A19. B20. B21. B22. C23. D24. D25. C26. D27. D28. A29. B30. D31. A32. C33. D34. C35. D36. C37. C38. B39. D40. C41. B42. A43. B44. B45. B46. C47. C48. A49. D50. D51. A52. C53. C54. C55. A56. D57. A58. D59. A60 A61. B62. D63. D

64. D65. B66. A67. B68. B69. D70. D71. D72. A73. C74. A75. C76. B77. B78. A79. C80. B81. C82. B83. D84. B85. A86. D87. A88. A89. B90. C91. A92. A93. C94. B95. D96. A97. C98. A99. B100. D101. D102. A103. C104. C105. D106. A107. A108. C109. A110. B111. B112. B113. B114. C115. D116. A117. B118. A119. A120. D121. A122. C123. B124. C125. D126. A

127. A128. C129. D130. A131. D132. B133. D134. B135. A136. B137. B138. B139. B140. B141. D142. D143. C144. A145. D146. A147. D148. A149. D150. A151. B152. D153. D154. A155. D156. A157. D159. A159. D160. A161. C162. C163. C164. D165. B166. B167. D168. C169. D170. C171. B172. C173. D174. D175. A176. B177. A178. C179. C180. D181. D182. C183. B184. D185. B186. B187. B188. D189. B

190. A191. B192. D193. C194. D195. C196. C197. C198. D199. A200. A201. D202. A203. C204. B205. D206. B207. D208. C209. B210. A211. A212. C213. A214. D215. A216. B217. B218. C219. B220. B221. A222. B223. A224. A225. B226. D227. D228. C229. A230. A231. C232. C233. B234. D235. B236. A237. D238. B239. C240. D241. A242. C243. D244. C245. C246. C247. B248. C249. C250. B251. C252. A

253. A254. D255. D256. B257. A258. B259. C260. B261. A262. C263. A264. C265. A266. C267. B268. C269. C270. D271. B272. D273. B274. A275. C276. B277. B278. A279. C280. D281. A282. A283. D284. C285. B286. C287. B288. B289. B290. A291. C292. A293. C294. B295. C296. B297. A298. C299. B300. D301. A302. B303. B304. B305. D306. D307. B308. A309. A310. A311. B312. D313. A314. D315. D

316. B317. B318. A319. B320. C321. D322. A323. D324. B325. D326. D327. D328. D329. C330. B331. C332. A333. D334. D335. D336. D337. C338. B339. C340. C341. C342. D343. D344. A345. D346. C347. B348. A349. D350. C351. B352. B353. A354. B355. D356. B357. A358. D359. A360. B361. B362. A363. C364. C365. B366. C367. C368. D369. C370. D371. C372. A373. B374. D375. C376. B377. D378. D

379. B380. B381. B382. D383. C384. A385. D386. D387. D388. A389. C390. D391. A392. D393. A394. B395. C396. C397. A398. D399. C400. C401. D402. A403. D404. C405. A406. B407. B408. A409. D410. B411. C412. B413. D414. B415. C416. C417. C418. C419. A420. C421. B422. C423. D424. A425. C426. A427. B428. B429. B430. D431. B432. A433. A434. C435. C436. B437. C438. B439. C440. D441. A

442. D443. C444. A445. B446. D447. A448. A449. C450. A451. A452. B453. C454. D455. A456. B457. A458. A459. B460. C461. B462. C463. D464. C465. C466. A467. B468. B469. D470. A471. A472. C473. D474. D475. A476. D477. D478. A479. C480. B481. D482. C483. B484. A485. B486. A487. C488. C489. C490. A491. B492. C493. A494. B495. C496. D497. A498. A499. C500. A501. A502. B503. D504. A

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505. A506. B507. C508. D509. A510. C511. D512. C513. B514. B515. D516. D517. B518. D519. D520. B521. B522. C523. B524. D525. B526. B527. A528. B529. B530. B531. D532. D533. A534. A535. D536. A537. B538. C539. C540. A541. B542. D543. A544. D545. A546. C547. B548. C549. B550. B551. A552. B553. B554. D555. A556. C557. D558. A559. D560. C561. C562. A563. C564. C565. C566. C567. D

568. D569. C570. A571. A572. B573. A574. A575. A576. C577. B578. A579. B580. B581. D582. B583. B584. C585. A586. C587. B588. C589. D590. A591. D592. B593. D594. A595. D596. B597. A598. A599. B600. A601. D602. B603. C604. B605. A606. B607. C608. A609. B610. A611. B612. D613. B614. C615. C616. A617. A618. B619. B620. D621. B622. C623. C624. C625. D626. D627. C628. C629. D630. D

631. A632. C633. A634. C635. D636. D637. B638. D639. C640. A641. B642. A643. C644. B645. B646. B647. C648. D649. B650. C651. B652. D653. B654. B655. C656. A657. C658. B659. C660. C661. B662. B663. B664. C665. B666. A667. A668. A669. D670. B671. B672. A673. D674. B675. D676. C677. C678. D679. D680. B681. A682. B683. C684. D685. C686. C687. C688. D689. A690. A691. A692. D693. D

694. B695. A696. A697. C698. A699. D700. B701. B702. D703. B704. A705. D706. D707. A708. B709. D710. A711. D712. B713. A714. D715. B716. C717. B718. B719. B720. B721. B722. A723. D724. B725. D726. A727. A728. D729. D730. A731. A732. A733. A734. A735. A736. B737. B738. B739. C740. C741. B742. D743. B744. B745. C746. A747. D748. D749. B750. B751. C752. A753. A754. C755. A756. D

757. A758. D759. C760. A761. D762. D763. A764. A765. D766. A767. D768. C769. D770. A771. C772. C773. D774. B775. D776. A777. D778. D779. C780. B781. C782. C783. B784. D785. C786. D787. B788. B789. C790. A791. D792. B793. B794. B795. C796. C797. D798. D799. A800. B801. B802. C803. D804. D805. B806. D807. A808. A809. A810. A811. D812. B813. D814. A815. A816. B817. C818. C819. C

820. A821. A822. A823. D824. C825. C826. A827. A828. B829. C830. B831. C832. A833. D834. B835. B836. C837. A838. B839. A840. B841. D842. A843. B844. C845. B846. B847. A848. B849. C850. D851. C852. D853. B854. C855. D856. B857. B858. C859. C860. B861. C862. C863. D864. D865. A866. C867. C868. B869. C870. C871. C872. B873. D874. A875. B876. D877. D878. A879. C880. D881. B882. C

883. A884. C885. B886. C887. C888. B889. B890. C891. A892. B893. C894. D895. B896. C897. C898. C899. D900. B901. C902. D903. A904. A905. D906. A907. A908. D909. B910. D911. C912. A913. D914. C915. B916. B917. C918. B919. B920. D921. B922. C923. C924. B925. B926. A927. D928. B929. C930. D931. A932. C933. A934. B935. C936. D937. A938. C939. B940. B941. A942. C943. A944. C945. A

946. D947. C948. A949. A950. B951. D952. A953. C954. C955. B956. D957. B958. D959. D960. A961. D.962. B963. D964. C965. D966. C967. C968. B969. D970. A971. B972. A973. D974. B975. A976. D977. D978. B979. D980. A981. D982. A983. A984. D985. A986. A987. B988. B989. D990. D991. D992. B993. D994. A995. B996. C997. C998. A999. A1000.D1001.C1002.A1003.D