COMPUTERIZED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN MUKWAYA GENERALHOSPITAL, KAMPALA

BY

MUSEMA MANASH (BIT/32135/1O2IDU)

Email: musema manash(~yahOO.COm

AND

BALUKU JIMMY (BIT/32566/102/DU)

Email: jjrnmybaImeso2(?i~gmail.C0m

A RESEARCH REPORT UBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCESANI) TEChNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE

OF BACHELOR OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF

KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

August 2013

DeclarationWe hereby declare that this project report is our own original work. It has never been submittedto any University or Institution of higher learning for any award. We further declare that allmaterials which are not truly our own have been duly acknowledged.

Name: MUSEMA MANASH SIGNATUREA~ DA1 l~

I3ALUKU JIMMY SIGNATURE..J~ DA1 I

Approvalfhis work was done under the close supervision of a KIU senior lecturer, and is hereunder beingapproved by the relevant supervisor.

Name: Dr JOSEPH KIZITO BADA

Supervisor

I)ate

iv

Dedication

We dedicate this piece of work to our parents, for raising us as a family boys and responsiblecitizens. We shall live to remember them wherever they are and we continuously thank God forhaving have kept them alive and healthy.

Thanks to God the almighty for his love and compassion.

iv

V

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In any fruitful activity, it is not always possible to achieve it as an individual hut also through thebclp of other people guided us. Honor to the almighty God for the life, opportunities andblessings he has given us. It has been through your ideas that this work was completed.

To our friends and lectures, for the support, Guidance and encouragement you provided to us;these will never be forgotten.

Our supervisor; Dr. BADA for all the help, encouragement and guidance through the projectprocess.

V

VI

Abstract

I-lealth contributes to the wellbeing of the people in the country, many people suffer from manysicknesses making them to visit hospitals for treatment, medical centers, health units, clinics andmany other health providing institutions in Uganda.

In ordcr to provide best quality, efficient and effective health facilities to patients, hospitals, andother health services providers should adapt technology in carrying out the managerial activitiesin hospital so as to provide efficient retrieval and easy searching of information for effectivemanagement performance.

Mukwaya general hospital (MGI-I) is one of the hospital in Uganda licensed by the Ministry ofI-Iealth and it is involved in the provision of health services of emergency nature, hospitalizationand routine outpatient

Computerized Hospital Management system is a web-based computerized system thatelectronically stores data and relevant information in regards to hospital management. Thesystem processes patient forms, managerial records such as finance, human resource, laboratoryand hospitalization records especially in wards to allow efficient retrieval and data storage.

lie system provides high security and data safety capabilities through the implementation ofactivate and deactivate commands used by a system administrator to grant permission to staffs onsystem’s resources compared to paper files which are liable to threats such as theft, dataduplication, lost through fire hazards, rats and so many other threats to mentioned but a few.

the objectives and goal of Computerized Hospital Management System will be achieved byusing Rapid prototyping methodology, it will be used for collecting various fact finding methodslike interviews and observations, different software and hardware tools, programming logic and arigorous testing procedure.

The system aims at improving the level of efficiency of data management and Hospital activitiesby the Doctors and nurses.

vi

VII

‘fable of ContentsDeclaration

Dedication IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

Introduction 1

I Background 1

1.2 Statement of the problem 2

1.3 OI3JECTIVE OF THE STUUDY 2

1.3.1 General objective 2

1.3.2 The specific objectives of the study are; 2

1.5 Scope of the study 3

1.5.1 Content of the study 3

1.5.2 Geographical Scope 3

1,5.3 Th~ie Scope 3

1.6 Significance of the study 3

CHAPTER TWO 6

I .ITFRAFURE REVIEW 6

2.0 Introduction 6

2.1 Understanding the Computerized database system and management system 6

2.1 .1 Database management system 6

2.1 .2 Computerized database system 6

2.1.3 Importance of computerized database management system 7

2.1 .4 Information management system 7

2. I .51 ~‘pes of Management Information Systems 7

2.1.6 Financial Management Information Systems 8

2.1.7 Human Resources Management Information Systems 8

ClIAPTER ThREE 10

RESEARCI-I METFIODOLOGY 10

3.0 Introduction 10

3.1 Rapid Prototyping 10

Vii

vm

3.2 Rcquiremerits specification (analysis) phase .10

3,2.1 System specification 11

3.2.1.1 Staffs’ 11

3.2.1.2 System administrator 11

3.3 Methods of data collection 11

3.3.1 Interviewing 11

3.3.2 Observation 11

3.3.3Quick Design 12

3.4 Developing/building computerized database management system 12

3.4.1 Graphical user interface tools 12

3.5.1 Database Development tools and programming languages 12

3.6 Software tools and Platforms 12

3.6.] StationeryTools 13

3.6.2 Hardware Tools 13

3.7 Assumption made by the Researche 13

3.8 Limitations of the study 13

Chapter FOUR 14

System Design 3fld Implementation 14

4.1 Description of the system 14

4.1.1 System overview 14

4.1.2 The system user levels 14

1. The system Administrator level 14

2. Staffs’ 15

4.1.3 Hardware Specifications 15

1. Minimum Specifications 15

2 recommended specifications 15

4.1.4 Software specifications 15

1. Minimum Specifications 15

2. Recommended Specifications 15

4.1.5 Pseudo Codes 16

4.1.5,1 Log in to System 16

4.2 System Flow 17

4.2.1 Data Flow Diagram 17

viii

Ix

4.3 Data Inputs .18

4.3.1 Physical Database design 18

4,3.2 Logical Database Design 25

4.4.1 MGHDBS Home/welcome page 26

4.4.2 validations and testing user interfaces 27

4.4.3 System security and data safety 27

4.5 Data entry forms and form outputs 29

4.5.1 Patient registration entry form 29

4.6 Deleting and Updating data 32

4.6.1 Updating data 32

4.6.2 Deleting data 33

4.6.3 Searching for data/information 33

CHAPTER FIVE 34

5.1 Introduction 34

5.2. Discussions 34

5.2.1 System Security 34

5.2.2 Searching in the system 34

5.2.3 Target group 35

5.3 limitations of the research 35

5.4 System Scalability 35

5.5 Future research areas 35

5.6 contribution to the group 35

5.7 Experience gained from the group 36

5.8 Recommendations 36

5.9 Conclusion 37

References 38

APPENDICIES 39

APPEDIX 1: GANT CHART 39

Appendix 2: Budget 40

ix

x

ACRONYMS

CPU Central Processing Unit

DFD Data Flow Diagrams

DVD Digital Versatile Disk

ERD Entry Relationship Diagrams

GB Giga Bytes

HTML Hypertext Markup Language

MHZ Mega Hertz

MIS Management Information system

(FMS) Finance Management System

PHP I-Iypertext Pre-Processor

RAM Random Access Memory

SDK Software Development Kit

SQL Structured Query Language

(CDMS) Computerized database management system

(MGHDBS) Mukwaya General Hospital Database System.

(MOl-I) Ministry of Ficalth

(SAAS) software as a service

x

1

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

IntroductionThis chapter will introduce background of the study, problem statement, and scope of the study,significance of the study, main and specific objectives of the study, research questions andconceptual frame work of the study in correlation to the topic of the study.

1.1 BackgroundMukwaya general hospital (MGI-I) started its operations in 1991 as a clinic called NsambyaGeneral Clinic with a Branch in Masaka on Hobart Street called Mukwaya Medical Centreoffering the same services as at Mukwaya General 1-lospital. This was intended to target ourmany clients who came from Masaka to Kampala. The hospital was licensed by Uganda ministryof health (MOH) where its name had to change to Hospital, due to this promotion made itpossible to come up with organized system that will help in improving the performance of themanagement.

Mukwaya general hospital (MGI-I) is one of the leading Health Maintenance Organization inUganda with a membership of over 15,000 members. Working in different departments likerecepTion, consultation, laboratory, finance, ICT department, security in which there has beenpoor data and information management in most of the departments making many departmentsworking without computer especially security and nursing department. Mukwaya GeneralHospital is licensed by the Ministry of Health and it is involved in the provision of healthservices of emergency nature, hospitalization and routine outpatient

The hospital offers outpatient services in most medical departments and among them are;

Consultations with General and Specialist Practitioners, Prescribed Laboratory tests, approvedX-Rays and Ultra sound scan.

Computerized l-Iospital database management system (C1-IDMS) is a computerized system thatwill be used for keeping data/records and related information of above services and many othersFor the Hospital. The stored data can be used for monitoring the progress of the activity,performance, and ability of patient-Doctor and nurses provide effective managerial functions.This system is whole dependent on the hardware, sofiware, firmware, configured to effectivelyaccomplish intended operations such as communication, computation, dissemination, processingand storage. Computerized Hospital database management system (CI-IDMS) will help inefficient retrieval and easy searching of information for effective management performance

1

2

1.2 Statement of the problem.The documents on the database were previously kept on papers until 2007 when the 1-lospitalcame up with an idea of developing an Electronic Database using Microsoft Access to provideinterfaces and SQL Server for database which was not complete. The parts developed were notefficient enough due to some limitations related to Microsoft Access as below:

Microsoft access does not support concurrency of data access due to row locking. Access islimited by the processing speed of the computer. Microsoft access can only be accessedremotely by a particular computer though it can support many users. Microsoft access does notsupport some functions such as COUNT (DISTINCT). Apart from the concurrent user andpermission problems, access lacks many other qualities of a mission-critical and enterprise-leveldatabase. Microsoft access database is impossible to modi~ especially when any user has apage opened that is accessing any table within. Database systems developed in Microsoft accessdoes not have attractive and dynamic interfaces compared to Web based Database Systems.

Due to the problem presented above, it is found necessary by the researcher to transform theDatabase System and develop computerized Hospital Management System (CHMS) that willstore Mukwaya General Hospital information and to enable easy data entry, searching andretrieval.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUUDY.

1.3.1 Ceneral objectiveThe main objective was to develop and design a web-based database management System thatwill he used to store Information on computerized database system and to provide efficientretrieval and searching of the stored data.

1.3.2 The specific objectives of the study are;1. Tb investigate the existing data management problems facing Mukwaya General

Hospital.

2. To design computerize database that will be used to store records on patients, Humanresource, financial and administrative details.

3. To develop a prototype that will generate reports for the hospital management.

4. To validate the system for security purposes and to prevent wrong entry into the system’sdatabase.

2

3

1.5 Scope of the study.

1.5.1 Content of the studyThe content of the study covered a geographical scope of Mulcwaya general Hospital (MGH), itwill also look at the problem from the period of 2007 up to 2012 and finally the study will take aperiod of seven months’ time scope in order to find the facts about the correlation betweencomputerized database system and management system in this Hospital.

1.5.2 Geographical ScopeThis study was carried out in Mukwaya general Hospital (MGI-I), Kampala which is bordered byKibuli to the North, Kansanga to the East, American Embassy to the west and Lukuli to thesouth. Mukwaya General Hospital is located about 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) southeast of Kampala’scentral business district. The coordinates of the neighborhood are: 0° 17’ 53.00”N, 32° 36’ 2.00”E(Latitude: 0.298056; Longitude: 32.600556).

1.5.3 Time Scope

[‘he study considered a time scope of past five years; that was from 2007-2012.This study willtake a time scope of seven months in Correlation between Computerized database system andmanagement system, keep track of information of the day to day management of the hospitalespecially in areas like finance, patient’s forms, Generation of reports based on data entered onpatients details, human resource details and administration of the hospital. It will be carefullystudied to give a more accurate and relevant information on the concept under study.

1.6 Significance of the studyMukwaya General Hospital (MGI-I) currently had a system developed in Microsoft Access andSQL Server though it was not complete but the system was used for storing data and Informationon database.

The proposed database management is a computerized system that will store data and otherrelated information pertaining the Hospital management. The data stored will be used to assessthe progress of the Hospital management

Computerized database management System will have the positive impact in the following ways:

The proposed system will ease the form processing of the patients and doctors prescription anddiagnosis.

The system will provide easy searching and retrieval of data. It will also keep track ofInformation and produce related reports for the 1-lospital.

3

4

The system to be developed can be used by the Hospital that have clients who go for treatment toevaluate the condition and progress of the client’s sickness.

The Project is a requirement for the researcher in partial ftlfillment for the award of a Degree inInformation Technology of Kampala international University. The will also improve theresearcher’s knowledge and skills in programming that will be experienced in Systemdevelopment, Database Management and Designing of Software applications.

4

5

1.7 Conceptual frame work.

Figure 1: Conceptual framework showing the relationship between computerized databasesystem and Management system in Mulcwaya General Hospital Kampala.

Rece~onde~Zme~f~ r~onsuitation~ Department

[iaborator~~epartment

~anceDEent

Pharmacy Department

Information Technologydepartment

Thc figure 1 shows the relationship between computerized database system and managementsystem. Ideafly. the figure tend to present that, any deviation in the independent variable willbring about a deviation in the dependent variable either on the negative or positive depending onthe kind oF deviation in the former. The figure also presents the influence that other factorshighlighted as intervening variables can influence both computerized database system andmanagement system.

5

6

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 IntroductionThis chapter careflully examined and analyzed the various works done by different authors on theitem under study. In specific, it focused on the real understanding of Computerized databasesystem, its various facets-including, Finance management, information management and paper-based paper management and how it influences management system, the challenges facingcomputerized database system in Mukwaya general Hospital, Kampala and nature and mode ofmanagement system.

2.1 Understanding the Computerized database system and management system

2.1.1 l)atabase management system.According to Margaret Rouse database management system (DBMS), sometimes just called adatabase manager, is a program that lets one or more computer users create and access data in adatabase. [he DBMS manages user requests (and requests from other programs) so that usersand other programs are free from having to understand where the data is physically located onstorage media and, in a multi-user system, who else may also be accessing the data. In handlinguser requests, the DI3MS ensures the integrity of the data (that is, making sure it continues to beaccessible and is consistently organized as intended) and security (making sure only those withaccess privileges can access the data). The most typical DBMS is a relational databasemanagement system (RDBMS). A standard user and program interface is the Structured QueryLanguage (SQL). A newer kind of DBMS is the object-oriented database management system(ODBM 5).

2.1.2 Computerized database systemAccording to Rev Sci Tech. 2001 Aug; 20(2):652-6l. A computerized database system to recordthe details of all individual cattle, cattle holdings, cattle movements and cattle tests has been inuse in Northern Ireland since 1988. This system was originally used purely to administer officialtuberculosis and brucellosis eradication schemes, but subsequent developments have employedthe traceability function to extend the use of the system to quality assurance, public health andmarketing of beef and beef products. The database has evolved into the current, secondgeneration system and this case study details that evolution from a manual system and describespotential future developments of the system.

6

7

According to D Gotlib - 1984 - Oct 15, 1984 — report describes his report describes acomputerized database-management system designed to allow users to retrieve and reportinformation on the curriculum of an undergraduate pathophysiology course. With the system theuser can locate where and in what context a topic is covered in the course and can answer queriesand prepare reports concerning, for example, format and duration of sessions, teaching aids usedand instructors. The system is a unique tool that can be used to optimize course structure andcontent. It can easily be expanded to include other undergraduate medical courses, and thetechniques can be applied to other disciplines.

2.1.3 Importance of computerized database management system.According to Dr. SreenivasaKumarProfessorCS&EDepartment I I T MadrasDatabaseManagement System (DBMS) as software system has the following purposes:

o Creation of large disk-resident databases.

• Posing of data retrieval queries in a standard manner.o Retrieval of query results efficiently.o Concurrent use of the system by a large number of users in a consistent manner.o Guaranteed availability of data irrespective of system failures.

2.1.4 Information management system

Management information systems (MIS) sometimes referred to as Information Management andSystems, is the discipline covering the application of people, technologies, and procedures.According to O’I3rien, J (1999)[21, Management information systems are distinct from regularInformation systems in that they analyze other information systems applied in operationalactivities in the organization

In other words, Management Information systems is a planned system of collecting, processing,storing an.d disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions ofmanagement. According to Phillip Kotler (2006) [5], “A marketing information system consistsof people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed,timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers.’

2.1.5 Types of Management Information Systems

According to Stair and Ralph M. (1996) [4], Management information systems can be used as asupport to managers to provide a competitive advantage. The system must support the goals ofthe organization.

7

S

2.1.6 Financial Management Information SystemsFinancial Management Information Systems (FMIS)[lOj is responsible for theimplementation/upgrade and production support of automated systems, including PeopleSoftFinancials, which are used within the Financial Management Division, namely the offices of theBursar, Controller and Procurement and Support Services. FMIS is also responsible for thedistribution of financial reports to the campus community and technical support to end users ofthe Departmental Copier Program.

2.1.7 Human Resources Management Information SystemsA Human Resources Management Information System (HRMIS) [12), is a system that lets youkeep track of all your employees and information about them. It is usually done in a database or,more often, in a series of inter-related databases.

According to his/her Dutch Majesty’s Ship June 2007 journal human resource managementsystem (1-IRMS) or human resource information system (HRIS), refers to the systems andprocesses at the intersection between human resource management (FIRM) and informationtechnology. It merges FIRM as a discipline and in particular its basic FIR activities and processeswith the inlbrmation technology field, whereas the programming of data processing systemsevolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software.On the whoie, these I3RP systems have their origin on software that integrates information fromdifferent applications into one universal database. The linkage of its financial and humanresource modules through one database is the most important distinction to the individually andproprietary developed predecessors, which makes this software application both rigid andflexible.

1’he fUnction of human resources (1-IR) departments is generally administrative and common toall organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payrollprocesses. Efficient and effective management of “human capital” progressed to an increasinglyimperative and complex process. The FIR function consists of tracking existing employee datawhich traditional].y includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary.Co reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began toelectronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resourcemanagement systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop andmaintain an integrated HRMS. Before the client—server architecture evolved in the late 1980s,many I-JR automation processes were relegated to mainframe computers that could handle largeamounts of data transactions. In consequence of the high capital investment necessary to buy orprogram proprietary software, these internally developed FIRMS were limited to organizationsthat possessed a large amount of capital. The advent of client—server, application serviceprovider, and software as a service (SAAS) or human resource management systems enabled

8

9

increasingly higher administrative control of such systems. Currently human resourcemanagement systems encompass

9

10

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

The System Methodology

This chapter introduces the approach, the researcher used to achieve the objectives of this study;a thorough and detailed process was followed. This process provides a clear understanding of thesystem development process.

3.1 Rapid PrototypingRapid prototyping methodology was used with iteration technique. This methodology performsthe analysis, design, and implementation phase. This project will be developed while consideringtime and cost constraint; Rapid prototyping is chosen to be the most convenient.

Rapid prototyping was used by the researcher because of the following reasons:

Rapid Prototyping improves product development by enabling better communication in aconcurrcnt enginccring environment.

0 Rapid prototyping decrease development time by allowing corrections to a product to he made

early in the process.

- Rapid protoiyping decreasc costly mistakes. Mistakes can he corrected and changes can hemade while they are still inexpensive.

• Rapid protoLyping extend product lifetime by adding necessary features and eliminatingredundant features early in the design.

‘Fhe phases to be followed shall be iterated to improve the levels of detail and accuracy.

l3elow is an illustration of the structure covered in thc system development process.

3.2 Requirements specification (analysis) phase‘[‘his phase involved definition of the scope and carrying out the feasibility study at initial stagebefore the project was established. It also involved the study of the problem domain of theexisting system and requirement specification as well as taking priority for coming up withsolutions.

This phase was used to document the elicited requirement for this system so that it can be usedby the system analyst to make the system specification.

10

11

3.2.1 System specification

3.2.1.1 Staffs’i. Accessing system’s resources through valid accounts

ii. Searching data in the system.

iii. Enter data on the Database.

iv. View reports

3.2.1.2 System administrator.i. Assigning new staffs accounts.

ii. Ensuring system security, set staffs permissions.

iii. Updating and deleting data and information.

i. View reports

3.3 Mcthods of data collection‘these provided facts techniques (methods of data collection) to be used to elicit requirements ofthe solution system.

3.3.1 InterviewingThis method was used to acquire information about the Database system from the actual users ofthe system. It was intended to collect actual facts, goals and informal procedures. This datacollection method was used by the analyst to know the detailed information about the Hospitalon how operation on the database was done which could not be achieved by any other methods.

Interview method allowed the researcher to have personal contact with stakeholders such thathe/she can he responsive and adaptive to what the user expect from the system to be designed.

3.3.2 Observation‘i’his method involved participatory observation by the researcher on how the users carry theirwork. It also involved looking at the existing filling system (documentation) and current databasesystem on how it performs the required tasks. This provided a big picture to the researcher onsituation on ground so that it can provide improvement upon.

Observation as a fact finding method does not require those operational users to change theirbehavior or alter the facts of the organizational structure.

11

12

3.3.3Quick DesignThe objective of this method was to define the structural component of the system. Theinformation to be gathered during the analysis phase was used to formulatc models that wererepresentative of the solution System.

The design components covered here includes, for the entire system, for the application software,the database and user interface.

3.4 Developing/building computerized database management system.This section depicted all the tools used for developing the prototype including the hardware andsoftware used for implementing the system.

3.4.1 Graphical user interface tools.Macromedia dreamweaver8 was used to make the desired user interface. This was because it hasthe wider user interface tools and guidelines to help in the design process. It was easy to usebecause it is easy to embed codes of several programming languages.

3.5.1 l)atabase Development tools and programming languages.RiP is a server side scripting language that was used for programming the middleware. Itpermits rapid application development as it interacts very well with MYSQL and Apache. Pi-IP isadvantageous because it is a common programming language which is simple to learn andfriendly.

vIySQL 5.0.16—win32 and MySQL Workbench 5.0 055 were used for designing the database inthe flict finding fact that they are open source software’s and can be supported many platformsand supports a sophisticatcd privilege system. SQL was used because it supports relationaldatabase systems whose advantages include: the ability to provide faster access to data than flatpaper files and random access to data and has in built privileges system. It is also noted that mostweb applications use SQL databases.

Php MyAdmin 2.8.2 embedded in wampp-win32-1 .6.7 apache server was used to provide aninterface with MySQL. Php MyAdmin provides ease for the use and manipulation of MySQL.Web browsers Firefox 15.0.1, Internet Explorer 6 and Internet explorer 7 was used to test anddisplay the results. Notepad, Notepad±± and WordPad will be used as text editors.

3.6 Software tools and Platforms.Microsoft windowS Pro( build 9200) running Microsoft Office 2013 and Microsoft office 2007,Microsoft office 2013 acted as the platform because it was easy to use with the capabilities andability to run on computers with minimum system requirements like Random Access Memoryand Processor speed.

12

13

3.6.1 Stationery ToolsThe researcher was able to malce wide studies and consultations in the area relevant to theimplementation of the system. Resources that were used as reference include textbooks such as

PHP & MySQL For Dummies, 2nd Ed 2004 by Janet Valade and P Development 2003 Secondedition by Luke Welling and Laura Thompson. The internet has also been very paramount aspertains to the research leading to the implementation of the system.

Paper and ink was worthy stationary tools in writing and printing the project proposal, PHPprogram code and the final project report.

3.6.2 Hardware ToolsThe system was developed using a personal computer with hardware specification to test theperformance of the system. Below is the specification: Intel(R) Pentium (R) Dual CPU, T2080

~ 1.73GHZ, 1.00 GB of RAM and DVD ± R Rewrteable.

3.7 Assumption made by the ResearcherEvery staff is required to have access to database resources, they shall be given an identificationnumb (staffs ID) that uniquely identify him/her from other staffs that have already been signedup in the database; authorization shall only be given to staffs who are involved in databasesystem, The administrator shall dc-activate staff’s account instead of deleting account at the endof the programme and will activate accounts when the programme begins. The administratorshah also he well versed with configurations with client-server web technology, preferably withApache wcb servers.

3.8 Limitations of the study.Since we are students in our research we were faced with problems during the study; thefollowing are some of the problems:

‘lime: There was limited time in order to come up with all the necessary specifications,requirement capture and overall design of the system. That led to incomplete project or system.

Money: In the process of design there were many expenses incurred especially acquisition ofstationerics, laptop, software’s tools for the design of the system and other hardwareequipment’s.

Data collection: There was a limitation as a result of poor response to research questions suchas unwillingness to answer questions correctly, some questions affects privacy of eitherindividuals or the organization.

13

14

Chapter 4

System Design and Implementation

4.1 Description of the systemThis is an overview of the general structure of the system, making considerations of systemusers, system resources and system functionality.

4.1.1 System overviewThe system provides an option for the system user to choose between the staffs or Administratorand also provides the home page appearance in menu showing different activities and functionsof the hospital as a form of an advert to someone who gets the system online.It is only users with valid usernames and passwords can have access to system resources. Usersof the system have rights to enter data to the system, print receipts, search and update data incase of wrong entry. The system Administrator has frill rights over the system.

Stall members of Mukwaya General Hospital shall be registered to the system upon which validlDs are given and issued to each and every one. It is on this ground that the Administrator shallgrant permissions to the staff members basing on the specific resources each and every one canaccess.The system is aimed at storing data on the 1-lospital. that is patients’ details, staff member details,and financial records from the cashier and provides an option to scale up the system in order toincrease on its functionality.The System automatically generates reports and print receipts to the patients such that it can beused to assess th.e performance of the Hospital activities.The system is validated basing on system requirements’, it only accepts valid data inputs invarious fields ,data types characters, it also notifies the user in case of an action or wrong entryinto the system

4.1.2 The system user levels.

1. The system Administrator levelAt system Administrator level he is charged with various server-side configurations on thenetwork and makes Necessary modifications whenever the need arises.I-Ic/she is responsible on new staff creation and grant of user rights and permission on the accessof the system resources.

14

15

The administrator has right to create, delete or use activate and deactivate staffs accounts atevery end of the activity on the system to ensure system security, and updating system data thatis patients details and staffs details.

2. Staffs’Staffs have rights to enter, search, update incase of wrong entry of data and print receipts for thepatients.

4.1.3 Hardware Specifications

1. Minimum Specifications.I. Intel patium IV processor 2.0 ghz2. 40 G]3 Hard Disk Capacity3. 128 RAM, 15 inch monitor 800x600 screen resolution.4. LAN Ethernet 10/100Mbps card/bus.

2 recommended specifications.1. Intel Pentium IV processor 2.0 0HZ2. 80 GB I-lard Disk Capacity,3.512 mb-1.00 GB RAM, 17 inch LCD monitor 800x600 screen resolution

4. LAN EthcrneL 10/100Mbps card/bus.

4.1.4 Software specifications.

1. Minimum Specifications

Internet Explorer4, Mozilla Firefox 4 and Google chrome and Apache wweb server.

2. Recommended SpecificationsWindows 7 Professional or greater, Internet Explorer 10, mozila firefoxl 5, Apache Web server

15

16

4.1.5 Pseudo Codes

4.1.5.1 Log in to SystemAt system log in, the administrator and staffs have different login pages.1. The Administrator Login

Enter username and passwordOn click send button

Start session

Connect to database

Query Database to check whether the administrator username and password exist

If not

Return to the administrator login page.

If correct

Set administrator session

Direct administrator to administrator main page.

2. Staff Lugin

Enter username and passwordOn click send button

Start session

Connect to database

Query Database to check whether the staff username and password exist

If not

Return to the staff login page.

If correct

Set staff session

Direct staff to staffs main page.

16

17

4.2 System FlowBelow is an illustration that shows the various forms of system flow. Under this graphicalExpressions of the system flow, Hierarchical Input Process and Output (HIPO), PhysicalDatabase and logical database design.

4.2.1 Data Flow Diagram.This explains the authentication process and also shows the functions that system users can do

is logged

17

18

4.3 Data Inputs

MGHDBS is a web-based system that can be used over an intranet or across internet it is run ona server computer with a database to store the data relevant to the system

4.3.1 Physical Database design

During the physical implementation considerations were made on the difièrent entities, datavariables and constancies from the logical database design.

System Database Name. login_db. This database contains all the tables that are used in thissystem.

‘[able name Accumulated_receipt:

type Description

varchar The registration number of thepatient

Name varchar Name of the patient

mt How old is the patient

Gender varchar Sex of the patient

Address varchar Where the patient come from

Start date date When did the patients startreceiving medical services

End date date When did the treatment end.

Days mt Number of days spent in the

________ ______________ __~_J~reatment

18

19

Table name Diagnosis

Field type Description __________________

Regno varchar The registration number of thepatient

Name varehar Name of the patient

mt How old is the patient

Gender varchar Sex of the patient

Address varchar Where the patient come from

Date date Date for diagnosing the patient

Table name Discharge.

~l~pe ________ J Length I Description —-

Number varchar 8 I Number given uponregistration

Name varchar 15 Name of the patientDoctors 12 Name of the doctor

who attended thepatient

Remarks 40 Doctors remarks upontreatment andmedication

10 Date for reasising thepatient

13111 mt 20 Charges for thetreaunent

19

20

Table name. Doetor_reg

Field

Consultation time

description

Start and end time ofconsultation

Address

Contact number

Where the doctorfrom

is

Telephone number ofthe doctor

Emergency Number Number to contact the

Table name. Hr_ table

doctor incase of agentcallMoney forconsultation

10 Date of consultation

— typeFirst nameLast name

AddressContact

varcharmt

1510

Address of the staffTelephone number ofthe staffWhen the staff washiredJob position of thestaffIdentification

Type Length(size)Doctor name varchar 20 Name of the doctor in

. frill

Sex varchar 10 Gender of the doctorConsultation day Date 10 Date the patient was

consulted

Department varchar 15 The department of thedoctor

mt 10

varchar 15

mt 15

mt

Consultation fee

15

Consuilation datcIbtalpatients

mt

date

10

number of

varcharvarchar

Length(size)2020

descriptionName of the staffLast names of thestaff

Date of hire

Job title

date 10

ID number

varchar 25

varchar 10

20

_____ Length(size~Th~escriptiofl20 Registration no of the

patient

15 Name of the patient10 I Sex of the patient8 ______________ j How old is the patient10 When the patient was

~d~gnosed

10 Date for injecting thepatient

16 Where the patientcome from

varchar 1-low the patient is

__~~li___~.

Name - -

DoctorDateRoom number

Amount

21

TypeVarchar

Table name. Diagnosis.

FieldRegno

NameGenderAgeDiagnosis Date

varcharvarcharimitdate

Injection Date date

Address - varchar

Status

Table name inpatient_bill

- ___ ~~thjDccd~Uon

Bill number —~ mt _______ [Th~ Bill receipt numberNumber Varchar Registration number

of the patient

Varchar 20 - ameo epa jenif the doctor

date Date of the billvarchar _fI —- Number of ward or

room

mt 10 —~ Monor —— thetreatmentey f

Total in~ti0 total money all

U_~_t____~_

21

22

Table Name Outpatient bill

F~ldJt~pe Length(Size) ~escñptionBill Number mt 10 Receipt_noNumber varchar 15 Registration number

of patient

Name Varchr 20 Name of the patientDoctor varchar 15 Doctors nameConsultation Feee mt 20 Money for

consultation

Date date 10 Date of treatementPharmacy mt 15 Pharmacy chargesLab test fee mt 20 Laboratory test moneyTotal Amount mt 20 Total amount of the

—

‘I’able name. Patient_information

iiJhi j~pe ____ __ JDc~~~Registration nuni ber varchar 25 f Registration number

ol the patient

Registration Date date 10 Date the patient go[or treatment

Patient Name varchar 30 Name of the patientRoom mt 6 Ward the patient is

admitted to

Patient Address varchar 9 Where the patientcome from

Contact mt 10 Telephone numberMarital status varchar 20 Marital status of the

1~ttiei~ts

Fee mt 20 Consultation feeDoctor varchar 25 Name of the doctorStatus varehar 20 Sickness conditionAge Tnt 8 I-low old is

patient

Gender varchar 30 Sex of the patient

22

23

Name of the ‘fable. Prescription_ table

DescriptionRegistration number

of patientNames in fullDiagnosis notes

Provisional diagnosisnotes

Doctors Advice varehar 20 Doctor advice to thepatient

Injection DatesMedicines prescribed

RemarksWeekDate

Datevarchar

1525

Dates for the injectionType of medicationsgives or drugs

FieldNumber

Typevarehar

Length(Size)

NameDiagnosis

12

varcharvarehar

Provisional Diagnosis

1530

varchar 25

varcharvarehar

20

date

208

Words from the doctorWeek of diagnosisDates of treatment

Table Name. Receipt

F Field Type Length(size) ~escriptionRegno varchar 10 Registration

number

Age mt 6 I-low old is theparient

Gender varchar 10 Sex of the patientReceipt Date date 8 DatesReceipt No mt 5Diagnosis varchar 25 Number of the

receipt

X- ray fee mt 5 moneyEcu lInt 5 -

~ Lab rest Fee mt 5Costroscopy Tnt 5 -

USO mt 5 -

Colonoscopy Tnt 5 -

Indoor Tnjection 5 -

Amount in Varchar 26 Amout in wordsfiguresAmountlwords Tnt —

23

Name of the Table.Test_ report

24

~Tbes&ii~T~iField ‘1~’pe LengthRegno varehar 10 — Registration numberName varchar 15 Name of the patientAge mt 5 AgeGender varehar 12 Sex of patientAddress varchar 8 Where the patient

comes from

date 10 Date fortesl‘l’estateTest Name varchar 25 Type of sickness

tested for

24

25

4.3.2 Logical Database Design

Accumulatedreceipt_table

Age(FK)

Gender

Address

Diagnosis_table

#Regno (PK)

Name

Age

Gender(FK)

Ar(rlrocc

Discharge_table

# Number (PK)

Name

Doctors

Remarks

Doctor reg_table

Doctor name #ID

Sex

Consultation day

Department

Presc__table

i/Bill Numher(PK)

Number

Name(FK)

Doctor

Consultation Feee

Patient table

II Registrationnumber (PK)

Registration Date

Patient Name

Room

Patient Address

Inpatientbill_table

Regno (PK)

Name

Gender

Age

Diagnosis Date

Receipt_table

Regno(Pk)

Age

Gender

Receipt Date

Receipt No

Diagnosis

X- ray fee

PeG

Lab test Fee

Costroscopy USG

Colonoscopy

Indoor Injection

fir talbe

First name (PK)

Last name

Address(FK)

Contact

Date of hire

Testreport_table

# Regno(PK)

Name

Age

Gender

Address

Testate

Test Name

andPHP

26

4.4.1 MGHDBS Home/welcome page

This is the first page that anyone wishing to access the system encounters. It provides a brief’Introduction about the system with various activities and information concerning the Hospitalwhich acts as advertisement to someone who comes across it and prompts the user to select thelogin type.

Form 1: MGHDBS Home page

Contact Us MentalnanceJuly 20 2013

WELCOME TO MGH HOME

U*ny. Gene,.’ Ho,pftal. hambys. Kampala, Uganda.M.,kwoya Gena,.l Ho.paM Focmn Hnntya Odnafil Cbnic..

epabe Hospol a Ninbya. ~o~e Ggba Road past a., Thekn.ocaa E’e’bn.y ecamTo%,, Cu, belay *,. tE. nfl~e

el n.~cj sances and. “nely se seito, fre’tg DpL.~ns an

an one cd.

Advantages of MGRDBS home page.

This page gives an inspiration to the system users explaining what the system does, its targetedgroup of people to avoid misunderstanding by the visitors to the system.

The system home page is precious and brief to the targeted group of users and visitors who sometimes encounter it. It provides an option for the system users to login as an administrator or staff;it furthermore gives information pertaining the hospital like services rendered, about the hospital

27

vision and mission, to contact the hospital for help and mentainance for users and visitors to sendsuggestion massages and visitors book to improve the performance of the system.

4.4.2 Validations and testing user interfaces.Validating the system means, the system is designed to accept a required data input in particulardata input fields. Validation would include both user validation and system validation.

User validation is the one the validates on the client side to ensure correct input fields before sentto the database while system validation is the one that ensures that input to the system are ofrequired format by the system.

All the validations were made possible by the JavaSeript that displays error massages when everincorrect input is detected by the system before it is send to the database on clicking send button.

This can be identified in a way that, when a user enters incorrect input red color pops up to showthat it is incorrect and blue color to show correct entry and the form would have been submitted.

These validations are done form every form in the system.

4.4.3 System security and data safety.‘Co ensure system security and data safety, the Administrator uses deletion and dc-activate,activate commands to grant permissions to the system resources for the staffs.

When stafR account is deactivated or deleted the system displays an error massage showinglogin Failed. “Sorry! Your account does not exist or its de~~-activated! Please contact youAdministrator. (see form 2 )

27

Fonn 2 Deactivated or incorrect password.

~~1~

28

MUKWAYA GENERAL HOSPITAL

Sorry! Your account fleat not •xi.t or

its dc-activated! Please contact you

Administrator or try again

Staff longinUtenn ______

______________I

SELECT A FORM TO FILLWELCOME TO MGII STAFFSMAIN PAGE

atient unit

Search by Name! IIEEJ

riptiun ntry Di

nosis Untue

II.

•ent’ ntry

or

a era

Cs L

Form 3. Staff main page

MUKWAYA GENERAL HOSPITAL

29

Advantages of this form.

This form helps the staffs to select a form to be filled, search for particular name of a patient.

The staff logs out after every session of work or activity.

4.5 Data entry forms and form outputs

4.5.1 Patient registration entry form

MUKWAYA GENERAL HOSPITAL

WELCOME TO PATIENT REGISTRATIONH ENTRYFORM

Pa~ernNn ___

Ott I___I

—~ I___Mrflhn I I

Age LEEIPnter.dDoctor 1Rt~fltonF. I

Room No

Print II~lat?Oaia patiEnts list

Cop~igl..C 2013,X.mpala imarn,tional uni~enity All Figlib ‘nerved.

30

This form is used to register patients whenever they arrive normally it is done by the receptionistbefore the patient gets his/her treatment. After the entry the patient proceeds’ the next level to getattention from the doctor to be consulted.

However this is not the only form there are many other forms that the hospital uses to enterdetails of the patient as the patient proceed in different levels of his/her treatment.

Form 4. Patient list form

OUTPUT OF PATIENT REGISTRATION FORM

MUKWAYA GENERAL HOSPITAL

PATIENT LIST

I ~ REGISTRATION PATIENT ROOM ~ I GENDER~ DOCTOR STATUSfro~-0o-oo ~ ~ ~ 10N0RtE0 IFEr~E I~°’~ IF1AR1~d Iotn~~.ii ~

IGS I~~eo00~ Ii0~~0o ~ IT8~s9I~ zr H’ frato H”’ I0~ j~M13 Io~noo~oo I~ ~ rs~~g~ H~ ~a I~om 1~— ~‘~‘

1052 2035-0109 I:::;~’ In_ota 706154415 I~”°~ Iseinait sooc Jwnw2 Ooipaeni

I 120n-ol03 IRflbtIl ~ jicu I1732~~~3 Inwued 1m 1510 moss Iouipaeuu fr1

I’°’~°~~ ~ h~ ~ I~~~’~°° lommed mae Isoto esuhet lu__it

mOO 1201201.15 IMehea 123 GuI. I”~’~’~’~ Irtt.m.d [italt 5000 IJth~ I1np~~tnt [ii

ADVANTAGES OF THE FORM

This form displays data entered using patient registration entry form. It contains relevantinformation for a particular patient, address, patient name, the type of gender category e.g. maleor female, room number incase of admitted patient, the charge patient during registration andregistration date.

1. It can be used to locate names of doctors based on the number of patients at. 2. It enableseasy facilitation and attended by the doctor.

2. . 2. It enables easy facilitation and supervision of the patients for example the contactinformation and the address.

3. It contains features for updating the form, clearing incase of wrong entry and printing areceipt for the patient

Form 5. Patient receipt form

This form helps the cashier to enter records of various records carried out during the duecourse of treating the patient.

Advantages of the form1. The form makes it easier to calculates various charges during the treatment of the

patient from consultation up to the last stage of patient discharge and realize.2. The form ensures easy printing , updating and clearing wrong entries into the system.3. The form also helps in easy accountability and transparency within the hospital.

Form validation.Form validation ensures that no invalid and incorrect inputs are entered into the form,before submitting form to the database, it has been possible using javascript whichgenerate popup massage incase of in valid entry

Advantage of this validation form method

This method of validation terminates the submission of a form with invalid data in particular datafields into the server or the system database untile the required or correct inputs arefulfilled(when a user enters correct entry of datafield and values).

Patient receipt output

21 AGE 23AMOUNT

MTImqflL4ME nno tnsh flCEWTDATh 20034142 IN 20000wonm

GE?Wfl wale flC!WTNU?~fl 12AMO~IN 0FIGuREs

DIAQIOSLS 200 TOTAL. CHARGES

X-RAY CILiRGE 300 ROE 300 300

COSTItOSCOPY 1000 OURGE 2000 200

~OLONOS~OPY 2000

The form displays the patient record that has been entered at a time and the doctor or the cashiersigns below the form after printing the form.

Advantages of the form.

1. The form provides a proof to the patient that the charges were correct for his various tests.

2. To the hospital management it is used as document for balancing books of accounts and makesit easy to detect errors during and after wok.

3. The form provides the first hand printout to the patient and hospital in which one copy willhave to remain with the cashier or the person responsible.

4.6 Deleting and Updating data

4.6.1 Updating data.This is done by the administrator to ensure that the system stores necessary and qualityinformation which can be used to determine the performance of the hospital. The systemprovides updating of data on the hospital database when data has been entered wrongly by some

32

33

times staff and the update is made easier for the administrator in a way that when theadministrator enters a value, he/she finds a populated drop down of the data which malces iteasier to determine which one is which.

4.6.2 Deleting dataThis provides a provision for deleting the data completely from the system database. MGHDBSprovides a mechanism of deleting data completely on the patient details and even staff accounts.

4.6.3 Searching for data/information.This mechanism has been easier in a way that the user enters the name of the patient if it exists inthe database it is displayed automatically, the search was also easier by populating mechanism ofthe system by use of drop down list showing the different name of patient of which the userselect from that list.

Iowcver, in mosi. cases user input is required especially when searching patient detail accordingto name for printing.

33

34

CHAPTERS

D~SCUSS~ON, CONCLUS~ON AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 IntroductionThis section elaborates all the evaluation for the system. It also includes discussions,conclusions, the problems encountered, future research areas and possible recommendations

5.2. DiscussionsIlcing our first project in our course of study, it has opened our minds and beginning ofprofessionalism to better programming and application design using languages like PHP. Wehope this can also become an opportunity for most students to sustain their lives after theuniversity. T1Hs web application has made the hospital to believe that there is better option ofstoring data other than Microsoft Access office which is limited in many areas compared to theweb-based system.

52.1 System SecurityThe use of user sessions, password encryption and the use of activate and deactivate commandhas been able to provide extensive system security and grant of system’s permissions to staffs.1’his enables the uscr to access what he/she is supposed to do at the righi time. The use ofactivate and dc-activate command enables the system administrator to exercise his/her roles toensure that at every end of the Activity in the Hospital, he/she can dc-activate staffs accountsinstead of deletion and activate them when the staff resumes his/her work. A staff account can bedeleted incasc the Staff leaves work, transferred to another location.

5.2.2 Searching in the systemMaking a search in MGHDMS system was made flexible in consideration of time constraints.The search is by name with details of the required information to be displayed. The mechanismbehind the search is; use of search parameter to send request to the database and picks therequired details and also the drop down list is populated with already available information fromthe database to avoid invalid user input which prompts the generation of error messages, whichsome time is waste time.

34

35

5.2.3 Target groupThe system targets only Patients who go for treatment, staffs of the hospital and passinformation outside the hospital, making people to for treatment to the hospital excludingCleaner’s services and any other persons who are not involved in the patient rclated activity.

The system stores patient’s details on the database and it should remain secret to staffs and theadministrator and other general supervisor in doctors department.

5.3 limitations of the research.It’s not always possible to achieve project results/objectives without experiencing somedifficulties.

At the start, it was not an easy task to collect information from the Hospital about the patient’sforms and other required forms for the system; the researcher had to make them understand theaim collecting information on the hospital with help of some letter from the college principle inKampala international university introducing us as students undertaking research projects.

l’he time taken for the project was never enough. Due to time constraints, it was not easy to addsome enhancement on the system such as Next and Previous buttons where specific number ofrows is limited on a particular page to enable easy manipulation and management of data in thesystem. There was need to learn what to use for developing the system, such as Dream weaver,macromedia flash and fireworks, easy button and menu creator and other programminglanguages like PHP and Java scripts. The researcher also encountered the problem of limitedresources such as internet accessing more information in order to achieve high quality system.

5.4 System ScalabilityThis system can still provide more room for further additions of features and functionalitywithout puffing the system down. This is so because; little functionality can be included by justadding a few interfaces and script pages. For example: improving the struciure of PDF reports inthe system, and including the Next/Previous buttons to enhance data management in the system.

5.5 Future research areasIncorporating patient’s services to allow distance diagnosis and prescription services into the

system such that it is also easier for the various services and components of the hospital tocommunicate with the system.

5.6 Contribution to the groupAs far as MGI-TDMS Project is concerned, below are some of the contributions made:

35

36

We contributed to the system through coding, design of user interfaces, compilation, middlewaredesign, database design as well as form validations and user authentication especially duringlogin.

We also contributed in the data collection and data analysis of system at the initial stage of theproject.

5.7 Experience gained from the groupWorking as a group has been interesting though it had some challenges of which we were able totolerate and resolve them. Throughout the work we learnt that it is not easy to accomplish a pieceof work without help from other people.; below are some of the experiences gained.

As a group of two, we learnt how to cooperate and work as a team.

We gained communication skills especially on how to handle certain matters.

We learnt Leadership skills since each and every one acted in one way or the other inundertaking leadership obligations.

In addition to leadership skills, we learnt how to distribute task between ourselves based on theknowledge skills and capabilities on different areas.

In regards to all being in charge in the group, we learnt how to resolve friction among each otherespecially when issues arise in accomplishing the assignments.

We learnt how to handle personal feels in order not to cause friction with group.

We also learnt that managing a group challenge and acknowledging ones mistakes in a group, isone way we can learn and develop our professions.

In conclusion, it was through team work that this project was successful

5.8 RecommendationsHaving a system only installed on windows operating system would not he the best option but ifthe university and the destined holder of the system that might use this system should install it ona LINUX environment to provide the best security option as also back up is made automaticallyPHP/MySQL free script on LINUX

We recommend that building a web based application for Mukwaya general l-lospital is better for[he functionality as outlined by the researcher. All data on the hospital can be made availableonline to provide effective and efficient implementation of Hospital.

36

37

A strong anti-virus systems to be installed on the system all the time when ever the latestversions are on market in order to protect the system from vulnerability associated to virus andmalware attack.

The system administrator should never forget to back up data after every data updates, on CDs orDVDs or on other external storage devices to avoid the loss of data and information throughintrusion and intentional and unintentional damages.

5.9 ConclusionThe system has managed to capture and solve all the user problems and all data and informationprocessing pertaining Mukwaya General Hospital. The research managed to achieve the mainobjectives set to achieve the intended solution.

In reviewing the system it is realized that it has covered all areas of the Hospital in the context.

37

38

References1. Cihora C (2002) Labyrinths of information, Oxford, Oxford University press. Retrieved onJune 2, 2008. From http://en.wilcipedia.org/wiki/informatioitsystem

2. O’Brien, J (1999). Management information systems-managing information Technology in theinternetworked Enterprise. Boston Irwin McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0071123733 Retrieved on June 2,2008. from http://en.wikipedia.org/wikispecial:BOokSoUrCeOO7 1123733

3. Paul l3eynon—Davies (2002). Information Systems: An introduction to Inlörmatics in rmationsystems (chap.5) ACC NO: 06/27494.

4. Stair, Ralph M. (1996). Principles of Information Systems and Managerial Approach, 2nd ed.Cincinnati, OH: Boyd & Fraser.

5. Comptroller of the currency Administrator of National Banks: Management Informationsystcms. Comptroller’s Hand Book (May 1995). Retrieved on October 10th 2008 from

http://www.occ.treas.gov/handbook/’mis.Pdf

Organizations. Information systems and Human activity systems, Business Info

6. Sloan Caieèr Cornerstone Center (2008). Information Systems. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.Retrieved on June 2. 2008.

7. htl.p://www.aisnet.org/award/biOs/langefors.html Retrieved on October 10th 2008.

8. http://www.must.ac.ug/science/indeX.htm Retrieved on April 8th 2008.

9. http://www.answers.com/topic/accounting-information-system Retrieved on May 14th, 2009

10. http://da[csulb.cdu!offices/financial/cOntrOller/finis.html Retrieved on May 14, 2009.

11. Kotler, P., (1988) Marketing Management: Analysis Planning and Control, Prentice-1-Iall p.

12. http://management.about..comlcs/peoplemanagemeflt/g/HRinI’Osys.htm

13 .http://nptel .iitntac.in/courses/IIT—MADRA5/introjo_Database~SystemsjJe5ign/pdf/1Jntr0ducti0n.Pdf

38

APPENDICIES

APPEDIX 1: GANT CHART

I 12013 IActivity Jan Feb March April May June July Agust Sept

Feasibility study

Data Collection

Analysis

Proposal writing

DesignCoding andValidation

implementation

Report writing

Presentation

40

Appendix 2: Budget _______

SNO ITEM QUATITY

56ToTALAMOUNT

100 600020000~ .638,000

UNIT AMOUNT(UGSHS) I

PRICE(UGSHS)

I Personal 1 1.500.000 1.500.000computer

2 Flash disk 1(8gb) 50000 500003 Communication - 2000 30000

(airtime)4 binding report 4pcs 8000 320000

Printing reportInternet surfing

4pcs4months

40