Stainsby Award at $1,000.00.

CFSA is 35-years-old and we are going to celebrate!A committee is hard at work arranging the celebra-tions and we will post the information on our web-site when they are finalized.

Fire Safe Ontario Committee update: As you know,Bill 141 died a natural death when the Ontario Par-liament adjourned for the summer. Thankfully,MPP Linda Jeffrey reintroduced the Bill at the ear-liest possible moment when Parliament re-con-vened. Now Bill 2 - it has passed 1st and 2ndreadings and is sitting in Committee. Bill 2 requiresall new residential buildings – single, semi, rowhouses, low rise and high-rise apartment buildingsto be sprinklered.

The Fire Safe Ontario Committee still needs yourhelp. Please contact your MPP, preferably by let-ter, and ask them to support the Bill and do allthey can to get the Bill through the (Parliament)Committee stage and final reading. Most of youwill know how hard it was to have smoke alarmsaccepted and how perseverance achieved a successthat has saved many lives. We are currently in asimilar situation with the residential sprinklers aswe were in the pre smoke alarm acceptance days.Anything you can do to help this Bill pass will beappreciated by those whose lives you help save.

Thank you for your support of CFSA as we con-tinue our endeavours to fulfill our Mission State-ment – “To disseminate fire and life safetyinformation and create a fire safe environment inCanada”.

Alan KennedyCFSA Presidet

Your Board of Directors is ex-cited about our upcoming Tech-nical Sessions, Dinner Meetings,Annual Education Forum andthe news from our ScholarshipCommittee.

Our February Technical Session,“Technical Changes to the Ontario Building Code”,featured speaker Alek Antoniuk, Coordinator, CodeDevelopment, Building Development Branch. ThisSession sold out so quickly that many people wereleft unable to register. The good news is that Mr.Antoniuk will give a similar session at the AnnualEducation Forum thus providing a second chanceto hear the presentation.

The next two Dinner Meetings also feature greattopics. On February 27th, we have Julian Fantino,Commissioner of Emergency Management speak-ing on the “Role and Responsibilities of the Com-missioner’s Office and Emergency ManagementOntario”, and on March 22nd Fred Leber,LEBER-RUBES INC., will speak on “Fire AlarmDesign Challenges in Complex Buildings”. Al-ready, we have received a large number of regis-trations for the February Dinner Meeting andsome for the March Meeting. In addition an ex-cellent program has been arranged for the AnnualEducation Forum on April 19. This promises tobe a full and memorable day.

Information on all of the above is available of theCFSA website – www.canadianfiresafety.com. Ihope to meet you at one or all of these events!

Our Scholarship Committee has increased thenumber of student scholarships to a total of 8 withthree at $500.00, four at $850.00 and the Peter

I N T H I S I S S U E

F i r e S a f e t y i s

E v e r y b o d y ’s B u s i n e s s

W I N T E R 2 0 0 5

V O L U M E 1 7 , I S S U E 3

3 Editor’s Note

3 Scheduled Events

4 Life Safety and the Dark Side of Speed

6 Fire Investigations from the Office of theFire Marshal

8 Fire Protection of Steel Buldings

9 Mine Fires and Explosions

10 NFPA and Canadian Standard Association form alliance to enhance public safety

10 Standard Method of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems CAN/ULC-S115

11 Manual Stations for Fire Alarm Systems,Including Accessories CAN/ULC-S528-05,Second Edition

11 Standard Method of Test forDetermination of Non-Combustibility inBuilding Materials CAN/ULC-S114

11 CFSA News

13 Amendments to the Ontario Fire Coderequires Smoke Alarms on Every Storey ofa Home

13 Seminars on Technical Changes in the 2005 National Construction Codes

14 Smoke alarm safety and maintenance tips

14 New Members

14 New NRC Publications

19 CFSA Corporate Members

CFSANews

CFSANews

President’s Message

C a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n • F i r e S a f e t y i s E v e r y b o d y ’ s B u s i n e s s W i n t e r 2 0 0 5 • 3

2005-2006Board of Directors

EXECUTIVE

PRESIDENTAlan Kennedy Leber/Rubes Inc. (416) 515-9331 x325

PAST PRESIDENT/SECRETARY/CHAPTERSDave Johnson Randal Brown & Associates (416) 492-5886 ext. 224

VICE-PRESIDENT/NEWSLETTER EDITOR/INTERNETJanet O’CarrollInnovative Fire Inc. (416) 221-0093

DIRECTORS

TREASURERAllison McLeanNadine International (905) 605-1850

DINNER MEETINGSSusan ClarkeOffice of the Fire Marshal (416) 325-3224

PUBLIC EDUCATIONRich MorrisCanadian Fire Alarm Association (416) 224-2230

TECHNICAL SESSIONSRandy de Launay Human Resource Development Cda. (416) 954-2877

LEGISLATIONLeo GrelletteCity of Vaughan (905) 832-8510 ext. 8218

EDUCATION FORUM/MEMBERSHIPRick FlorioTyco Thermal Controls (416) 241-3524

Richard SimpsonToronto Fire Services (416) 338-9054

Matt Osburn Canadian Automatic Sprinkler Association (905) 477-2270

Sandy LevaUnderwriters’ Laboratories of Canada 1-866-937-3852 ext. 44333

Mike BoyleOMFPOA

Cengiz KahramanogluHousing Development & Building (416) 585-7354

CFSA ADMINISTRATORSherry Denesha

CFSA Event Coordinator – Mary Lou Murray2175 Sheppard Avenue East, Suite 310Toronto, Ontario M2J 1W8(416) 492-9417Fax: (416) 491-1670E-mail: cfsa@taylorenterprises.com

E d i t o r i a l

Editor’s Note It never ceases to amaze me how fast time goesby. The Canadian Fire Safety Association iscoming up on its 35th anniversary. 35 yearsof promoting the science and improving themethods of fire protection and prevention,obtaining and circulating information ofthese subjects and securing the understandingand cooperation of the Canadian Public inestablishing proper safeguards against loss oflife and property by fire.

To celebrate, the CFSA has created a specialedition of the logo, which you should now seeon our documents. We are also in the processof updating our look by releasing a new ver-sion of the website and the CFSA News (nextedition). When the board reconvenes in thefall, look for our special 35th anniversary din-ner to celebrate with us.

Featured in this newsletter are reviews on theNovember technical session “Fire Protection

of Steel Buildings” and the November dinnermeeting “Fire Investigations from the Officeof the Fire Marshal”. In addition articlesregarding the changes to installation require-ments of smoke alarms in the Ontario FireCode, smoke alarm safety and maintenancetips and mine fires and explosions (fromNFPA). As always, new NRC and ULC pub-lication abstracts have been included as well.The feature article for this edition of theNewsletter is on “Life Safety and the DarkSide of Speed”.

As we shed our previous look and shift toupdated style, we look forward to any com-ments, article suggestions or submissions orany questions you might have.

Janet O’Carroll

scheduled events2006 scheduled eventsD i n n e r M e e t i n g s

T e c h n i c a l S e s s i o n s

Date Topic Presented by

February 27 Commissioner of Emergency Management Julian FantinoMarch 22 TBA

O t h e r E v e n t sDate Topic LocationMarch 8 - 9 Seminars on Technical Changes in the 2005 National Toronto North (Vaughan)

Construction Codes; Visit: www.nationalcodes.ca Toronto West (Airport Rd)May 3 - 5 Carleton University – Fire Hazard, Risk Analysis and

Risk Management Short Course Ottawa, ONMay 6 - 10 OAFC Annual Meeting and Seminar Toronto, ONMay 7 - 13 Emergency Preparedness WeekMay 28 - June 2 2006 FABC Annual Conference and Trade Exhibition Penticton, BCJune 4 - 8 NFPA World Safety Conference & Exposition Orlando, FLJune 5 - 8 OMFPOA 50th Annual Symposium Barrie, ONJune 13 CFAA Annual Technical Seminar Toronto, ONJune 14 - 16 6th International Conference on Performance-Based Codes Tokyo, Japan

and Fire Safety Design MethodsOctober 8 - 14 Fire Prevention Week

Date Topic Presented byMarch 1 Facts and Fiction of Gypsum Board Fire Resistance Ratings Bob Mercer, Manager,

Technical ServicesCGC Inc.

A n n u a l E d u c a t i o n F o r u mDate Topic LocationApril 19 The Transition of Codes Richmond Hill, ON

Life Safety and the Dark Side of Speed

4 • W i n t e r 2 0 0 5 F i r e S a f e t y i s E v e r y b o d y ’ s B u s i n e s s • C a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n

F e a t u r e

Language and the Dark side of Speed

Time is always an issue in the world of lifesafety systems. In an effort to speak effi-ciently, some fire protection knowledge work-ers aka “propeller heads” tend to rely on lifesafety system nomenclature. Three LetterAcronyms (TLA) and abbreviations are usedto communicate quickly. Depending on theaudience, the concepts are either understoodor not.

In the past few years we have become increas-ingly aware of the TLA and abbreviations thathave become integrated into the language anddiscipline of life safety.

Now remember an acronym is defined as anabbreviation that when constructed becomesa word, like NASA. Words like FBI and CIAare not acronyms; they are just abbreviationsrepresenting questionable activities by ques-tionable authorities. An acronym is not justany set of initials. It applies only to those pro-nounced as words. For example CSIS is anacronym, representing questionable activitiesby questionable authorities.

Fire alarm system nomenclature is stackedwith acronyms and abbreviations. The serviceproviders, sales staff, and even ConsultingEngineers typically will succumb to the use ofthe TLA.

Imagine an entire life safety systems languagecommunicated solely with the use ofacronyms and abbreviations. You would haveto learn that every name was a combinationof several epithets, each designating a specific

trait or capability. Compiling all the wordsthat describe the desired trait would generatethese epithets: cognates and etymons, fromthe language associated with the life safetysystems technology.

An example of acronyms and abbreviations inthis new language reflecting the syntax andemotions of the engineer are as follows:

Acronym Nomenclature: This MMB on theDCC is FUBAR it think we are SOL so letsTGIF for today.

English Translation:

“This Main Mother Board on the DisplayCommand Centre (annunciator) is defective,we will have stop for the day”

Systems and the Dark side of Speed

The antiquated fire alarm system of the1970’s relied on current sensing circuits andconventional electron flow. Operating a man-ual pull station, in effect shortens the circuitpath. As a result less resistance is provided inthe circuit, the current draw increases. Thisincrease in current draw triggers, via currentflow through a diode matrix, relays to operatethe bells.

Physicists tell us that electrons travel fasterthan the speed of light. This is a reliable andproven form of life safety equipment.

In fact, if the fire alarm conductors servingthe manual pull stations were to melt to-gether, i.e. a short circuit, the same effect asoperating a manual pull station is achieved.The bells will ring!

So an antiquated fire alarm system actually pro-vides distributed linear heat detection via its ini-tiating wires. Where ever the fire alarmsinitiating cables are located, (and if they melttogether and short) you will have limited heatdetection. I don’t think ULC or the Fire Mar-shal would accept this proposal but it is an in-teresting proposition.

When it comes to audible signal response,and we know that electrons are so fast, inessence the old conventional systems operateat the speed of greased lightning. So why didthe industry switch to computer based tech-nology? How does the CPU speed effect sys-tem performance?

Typically, the majority of leading industry firealarm system manufacturers communicates.electrically encoded signals between fire alarmcontrol and display equipment, such as dis-play command centre, central control units,and distributed transponders. The electricallyencoded signal travel through a single twistedpair of wires on a Telecommunications Indus-try Association (TIA) recommended standardprotocol (RS-485).

This chosen protocol is defined as a Differ-ential Data Transmission System (DDTS) ora multi-drop network. This means that multi-ple transmitters and receivers may reside onone line or twisted pair of wires. Only onetransmitter may be active at any one time.Each fire alarm manufacturer has assembledand modified the RS-485 protocol to suitetheir proprietary electronic communicationrequirements. RS-485 enables multiple fire

As life safety knowledge workers our primary focus is to provide life safety solutions that protect societyfrom the ravages of fire. How we get there is as important as what we achieve.

This article was provided by David Sylvester of Morrison Hershfield.

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alarm central control units or distributedtransponders to reside on one pair of wires.

Typically, fire alarm system initiating or elec-trically encoded signals are generally transmit-ted through the following programminglayers:

1. A smoke detector senses particles of com-bustion and transmits device status infor-mation to the transponder or centralcontrol unit.

At the fire alarm transponder or controlunit system software/firmware formulates amessage to indicate a specific operation.

Next, a message is encoded as a string ofcharacters or “packets”. For example: themessage “SDONXYZYYYMMDDH MMSS” is transmitted to the Display Com-mand Centre (DCC). The above messageis categorized as the “Application/Presenta-tion Layer”. This Layer defines the messageand content to be packaged and translatedat the lower levels. (i.e. Turn on all evacua-tion signals and report at all Transponders)

2. Next the “packets” of data received at thedisplay command centre initiates a “Ses-sion/Transport Layer” that now adds morecharacters to the message. The “Session/Transport Layer” tracks the data’s start,stop, and packet order. It ensures completemessage delivery, since only one transmittermay be active at any one given time.

For example the above “Application/Presen-tation Layer” message: (“SDONXYZYYYMMDDHHMMSS”) is encoded with ad-ditional Session/Transport Layer controlcharacters (i.e. SDONXYZYYYMMDDHHMMSS + SOM, SDON,……EOM).

The above session notifies the display com-mand centre to wait for a response and askthe field transponders if there is anythingto report.

Next the source and destination address isadded to the message (Note: It may not beadded to the message depending onwhether the display command centre mes-sage receipt flows or ask if there is anythingto report). This process is identified as the

“Data/Network Layer” This group of char-acters when added to the message enablesthe data packet transfer and defines the ad-dressing of the fire alarm system. (e.g. add“SO Frame, SOM, SDON, SW Check-sum, EOFrame” to the message)

3. The last layer in the data communicationprocess is the “Physical Layer”. The mes-sage and all of these framing/envelopingcharacters are encoded according to theelectronic standard being used (in this caseDifferential Data Transmission System orRS-485 protocol)

The building wires carry the electrically en-coded signal to the destination (e.g.Transponders or Display Command Centre)on two twisted wires at a specified speed orcommunication rate. In the near future thisdata may be transmitted via optical fibre.

This is a complicated piece of life safetyequipment! It sounds to me that at any givenpoint we are just a few key strokes from totalsystem failure. Whatever the industry is pay-ing the fire alarm technicians, it isn’t enough.Programming is a major responsibility. Ensur-ing that each life safety data packet reaches itsintended destination is paramount. In addi-tion, the fire alarm technician must ensurethat the program performs the tasks that it hasbeen directed to do.

If the CPU speed is limited, then the time ittakes for a bell or speaker to sound followingan initiation is also limited. Wasn’t that oldsystem faster than the speed of light and nowthe new computer based equipment perform-ance is based on CPU clock speeds? Numbercrunching and packet analysis prior to execut-ing its task is also a speed reducing factor. Isthree to five seconds ok from the point of ini-tiation to audible signal? Or perhaps five toten seconds? In the 1980’s some of these newCPU based systems took over 15 seconds toinitiate an alarm.

Now we have local release from the manualpull stations to mag-locked doors. This is an-other example of the dark side of speed!Processor speed and system performance ef-fect the release time for the buildings’ mag-locked doors. We know that with a set of

F e a t u r e

contacts provided to drop the power to themag-locked door locally, the operation will beinstant. This is just like the antique fire alarmpanel’s operation!

What about linear heat detectors? Sorry, whena data communication link shorts, the systemreceives an invalid reply. Bells will not ring.Data communication links will be isolated.This is the bright side of speed!

Fire Alarm design and the Dark side of Speed

Have you ever thought about how much timeit takes to design a replacement fire alarm sys-tem?

Sure, with computers, AutoCAD, automatedspreadsheets, associated electronic referencematerial, even Codes on CD, it should be acinch. What about cost? Is an 8% design feereasonable? A “ten something” high rise of-fice tower probably will cost $300,000 toretrofit with current CPU based technology.So that’s a $24,000 design engineering cost.

By the time you factor in site audit, Auto-CAD development, design briefs, specifica-tion development, and client meetings thefive weeks of engineering time you budgetedfor are exhausted.

So we look for efficiencies. Ways to increasethe speed in which you produce the work. Thisis another example of the dark side of speed.Experienced administration staff, with a fulland competent understanding of MS Officehelps as well as an AutoCAD technician thatcan anticipate your direction and assist in cor-recting the obvious design issues. Budget con-straints being what they are, the engineersmust provide a design that ensures the lifesafety of the occupants and meet the bare min-imum prescriptive Code requirements.

If this means going over budget and not meet-ing the client’s deadlines then we pick the bet-ter design to ensure the life safety of theoccupants.

Regardless of the dark side of speed, when itcomes to system design, the life safety of theoccupants including protecting them as bestwe can from the ravages of fire is paramount.

continued from page 4

6 • W i n t e r 2 0 0 5 F i r e S a f e t y i s E v e r y b o d y ’ s B u s i n e s s • C a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n

On November 23, 2005, Todd Clarke, theFire Investigation Coordinator from the Of-fice of the Fire Marshal (OFM) presented in-formation on fire investigations from theperspective of the Office of the Fire Marshaland a discussion of preventable tragedies (in-cluding smoke alarms) to the Canadian FireSafety Association (CFSA).

It is well known that the function of theOFM is to minimize the loss of life and prop-erty from fire in Ontario by providing:

• support to municipalities and fire depart-ments across Ontario to meet the needs oftheir communities, including public educa-tion, fire prevention, firefighting, fire pro-tection, training, and fire investigation,

• leadership within the Ontario Governmentby advising on standards and legislation re-lating to fire prevention and protection, and

• recommendations for the provision of ade-quate levels of fire safety for buildings andpremises within Ontario.

The OFM operates 6 locations within On-tario including the Ontario Fire Collegewhich provides continual development anddelivery of a variety of educational and train-ing programs that will meet the needs of thefire services in Ontario. The head office is lo-cated in Toronto which supports the deliveryof OFM services, and provides leadership andco-ordination to its regional offices. The re-gional offices deliver OFM services in thefield. They are responsible for providing fireinvestigation, fire safety inspection, fire advi-sory, and fire department assist services at thelocal level. They also provide certain fire re-lated training.

Fire Investigations

The Fire Protection and Prevention Act (FPPA)Section 14 gives the OFM Investigators theauthority to enter on land or premises with-out warrant if a fire has occurred or if a fire islikely to occur due to substances or devices onthe property. Section 9 is another area of theFPPA that is important to the investigator; itoutlines the powers and duties of the FireMarshal such as investigating the cause, ori-gin, and circumstances of any fire or any ex-plosion or condition that may have resultedin the loss of life and/or damage to property.Other legislated authority which is significantto the OFM Fire Investigators is derived fromthe Criminal Code of Canada for fire inves-tigation purposes as well as the Coroner’s Act.

The OFM currently consists of 5 Fire Protec-tion Engineers and 24 Investigators through-out the province of Ontario. The OFM isresponsible for conducting fire investigationsunder the following conditions:

• fatal fires and/or critical injuries,• gaseous explosions,• deliberate, malicious setting, or arson,• large loss fires exceeding $500,000, • unusual origins or circumstances & public

concern, and• Minister directed.

OFM Investigators have two response timesdepending on the nature of the investigation.A 24 hour response time is required for anyfatal and/or serious injury cases or gaseous ex-plosions. The day shift handles public inter-est, suspicious/incendiary, large loss, andMinister directed investigations.

This article has been provided by Steve Valk, a Fire Inspector for the Municipality of Clarington.

N o v e m b e r D i n n e r M e e t i n g

Fire Investigations fromthe Office of the Fire Marshal

continued on page 7

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Current Pressures in Fire Investigations

We are always learning from mistakes madein the past. Case law is one of the areas thatfire investigators must always keep in mind.Case law is reported decisions of appealscourts and other courts which make new in-terpretations of the law and, therefore, can becited as precedents. There have been manycases thrown out of court because of negli-gent actions taken by investigators. It must al-ways be kept in mind that findings from fireinvestigations could eventually end up incourt, in the presence of lawyers, insurancecompanies, etc. All investigations must beconducted with the highest level of certaintyand precision.

Working for the Fire Marshal’s Office

Many people are interested in becomingOFM Investigators but there are other areasof the OFM which are not as glorified. In or-der to become a fire investigator with theOFM, an individual must have previous in-vestigation/court experience, designation as apeace officer under the Criminal Code ofCanada, and qualified as experts in variouslevels of court. Once hired, all OFM investi-gators complete an in-depth investigatortraining program.

Other areas of expertise in the Fire Marshal’sOffice include engineers with disciplines suchas mechanical, electrical, and chemical whowork closely with the investigators providingassistance when required. Fire protectiontechnologists work closely with the engineersand investigators providing assistance on ar-eas such as fire alarm, sprinkler and securitysystems. Fire testing personnel at the OntarioFire College organize and conduct testing.Fire Modeling is the newest area for the OFMand using this technology assists the engi-neers, investigators and technologists in un-derstanding how fires behave and allowingOFM personnel to see the impact of alteringparticulars without running full scale tests.

Teamwork

Teamwork is the ability to work together to-ward a common vision. The OFM under-stands that without teamwork the task at

N o v e m b e r D i n n e r M e e t i n g

hand would not be completed. The individ-

uals that work for the OFM rely on all of the

resources that are available to them. The

OFM resources include fellow investigators,

engineers, and technologists. Outside agen-

cies that the OFM relies on include fire de-

partment personnel, police officers, private

consultants, heavy machine operators, works

department personnel, technical agencies

such as T.S.S.A., Ministry of Labour, etc.

Preventable Tragedies

The second half of the evening includedhighlights of actual cases where multiple res-idential fire fatalities occurred. After examin-ing the details surrounding the cause of thefires, it all came back to the fact that none ofthe homes were equipped with workingsmoke alarms. The reality of the situation isthat without working smoke alarms in thedwelling units the occupants were cheatedout of precious time to escape the fire withoutharm. The OFM is seeing these types of situ-ations occurring too frequently especiallywith the information being provided to thepublic through smoke alarm education cam-paigns. It is a fact that, like wearing seat belts,smoke alarms save lives. The OFM and FireDepartments have been trying to get thatmessage out to the public about the impor-tance of smoke alarms by providing literature,demonstrations, and actual facts about firelosses and fatalities.

The OFM is anticipating that with the newchange to the Ontario Fire Code effectiveMarch 1st, 2006 which makes smoke alarmsmandatory on each level of dwelling units, wewill hopefully a drastic change in the presenceof working smoke alarms. The OFM is takinga zero tolerance on the working smoke alarmpolicy and are encouraging fire departmentsto start fining individuals $235 for non-com-pliance. Fires will continue to occur but atleast with working smoke alarms in ourhomes we are giving ourselves and our fami-lies a greater chance of survival.

continued from page 6

The OFM follows a system called the Com-prehensive Fire Investigation which consistsof 8 components to conduct their fire investi-gations. These components include:

• Fire Risk,

• Impact of Fire,

• Public Attitude,

• Fire Prevention Effectiveness,

• Intervention Time,

• Detection,

• Suppression Capabilities, and

• Fire Ground Effectiveness.

Scientific Method for Investigations

Investigators determining the cause and ori-gin of fires follow a step by step scientificmethod. The first step is identifying the prob-lem. The next step is to define the problem.Now the investigator can start to collect dataand begin to analyze data (inductive reason-ing). Once all of that is complete, a hypothe-sis must be developed, and tested (deductivereasoning). The investigator must now selecthis/her final hypothesis (determining cause).

For determining the cause of a fire and/or ex-plosion, an investigator must utilize theprocess of elimination. Section 18 of NFPA921 “Guide for Fire and Explosion Investiga-tions” states that your findings must be “basedupon evidence rather than the absence of ev-idence”. Also that the point of origin must bea “clearly defined area of origin” and your ig-nition source is a “credible elimination of allother potential ignition sources”. For exam-ple, even an ‘obvious’ incendiary fire mustsurvive the challenge to the scientific method.In the case of absence of evidence NFPA 921states “The elimination of all accidentalcauses to reach the conclusion that the firewas incendiary, can rarely be justified scien-tifically using only physical data”.

NFPA 921 section 22 lists factors which may“be sufficient to establish cause, even thoughother factors such as ignition source can notbe identified”. Some of these factors includemultiple fires, trailers, lack of fuel load, un-usual fuel load or configuration, delay de-vices, burn injuries, ignitable liquids,sabotage of alarm systems, etc.

8 • W i n t e r 2 0 0 5 F i r e S a f e t y i s E v e r y b o d y ’ s B u s i n e s s • C a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n

N o v e m b e r T e c h n i c a l S e s s i o n

Fire Protection ofSteel Buildings

On November 2, 2005 George Frater, Codesand Standards Engineer, Canadian Steel Con-struction Council (CSCC), presented thetopic of Fire Protection of Steel Buildings.

The presentation started with an overview offire testing as per CAN/ULC-S101-04 used toestablish fire resistance ratings and was fol-lowed by a series of slides that summarizedfour fire protection methods used for steelbuildings, namely:

1. Direct Applied Systems that insulate againstheat such as spray-applied fire-resistive ma-terials and intumescent coatings.

2. Membrane Systems that provide a thermalbarrier against heat such as gypsum wall-board.

3. Water Systems that provide a cooling effect,i.e., water-filled hollow structural sectionswithin steel structural frame dissipate heatof fire.

4. Concrete Systems where concrete encasingof steel or concrete-filling of hollow struc-tural sections slows down the conduction ofheat.

Additional background was given on fire pro-tection by concrete-filling of hollow structuralsections. A research program sponsored by theSteel Industry at the National Research Coun-cil of Canada (NRCC) led to design guidancein Appendix D of the National Building Codeof Canada (NBCC). Three CSCC Fire Protec-tion Bulletins summarize the outcome of thisresearch and are available via the Canadian In-stitute for Steel Construction (CISC) website,www.cisc-icca.ca. The bulletins are as follows:

Fire Protection Bulletin No. 21: “Fire Resis-tance of Plain Concrete-Filled Hollow Struc-

tural Section Columns” outlines the test pro-gramme and presents the design equation de-veloped at NRCC for exposed concentricallyloaded round and square HSS columns. In-cludes design charts for 1 and 2 hr. fire resist-ance ratings.

Fire Protection Bulletin No. 25: “Fire Resis-tance of Bar-Reinforced Concrete-Filled SteelHSS Columns” outlines the test programmeand simplified design equation for fire resist-ance ratings up to 3 hour for unprotected, concentrically loaded round and square con-crete-filled HSS columns containing bar-rein-

forcement. Includes design charts for 1 and 2hr. fire resistance ratings.

Fire Protection Bulletin No. 26: “Fire Resis-tance of Steel-Fibre Reinforced Concrete-Filled Steel HSS Columns” outlines the testprogramme and simplified design equation forfire resistance ratings up to 3 hour for unpro-tected, concentrically loaded round and squareHSS columns filled with concrete mixed withsteel fibres. Includes design charts for 1 and 2hr. fire resistance ratings.

A brief presentation on fire protection ofLightweight Steel Framing (LSF) followed.

This article was provided by George Frater, Codes and Standards Engineer for the Canadian Steel Construction Council (CSCC).

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N o v e m b e r T e c h n i c a l S e s s i o n

During 1994 to 2004 the Steel Industry par-ticipated in four consortium projects atNRCC that involved fire testing of numerousLSF wall and floor assemblies. Some of thesefire-rated assemblies are within NBCC’s, Ap-pendix A. The Steel Industry has also prepareda guide to provide a reference for fire andsound rated lightweight steel framed assem-blies. The purpose of this guide is to amalga-mate fire and sound data for steel floor andwall assemblies that are relevant to residentialand light commercial construction. Fire andsound data has been compiled from the fol-lowing five sources:

• Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada,Toronto, Canada,

• National Research Council of Canada, Ot-tawa, Canada,

• Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Northbrook,Illinois, U.S.A.,

• Gypsum Association, Washington, D.C.,U.S.A.,

• Factory Mutual Research, Johnston, RhodeIsland, U.S.A.

The guide is available from the Steel FramingAlliance in Washington DC, and can bedownloaded as a .pdf file through their web-site: www.steelframing.com.

The presentation continued with an overviewof fire research conducted in Cardington, UKat facilities of the British Research Establish-ment. Within a former airship hangar buildingthe real behaviour of an eight-storey steelbuilding subject to real fires were investigated.Six fire tests were conducted in 1995 and 1996where floors and columns were exposed to fireattack. In these tests the steel beams and deck,supporting a concrete floor slab, were unpro-tected and only the columns were fire pro-tected. A later test in January 2003 looked ata fire in a compartment where columns andbeam-column connections were fire protected.Attendees viewed video presentation of thistest done in 2003 and an “office compart-ment” fire test from 1996. The latter video wasalso made available to attendees via a distrib-uted CD. The outcome of this fire research hasmanifested itself in various projects in the UKwhere due to membrane action evidenced infire tests less fire protection is necessary for

floor beams and steel deck supporting a con-crete slab. Such a project was illustrated froman informational fire safety publication of theInternational Iron Steel Institute (IISI) where ahospital building in Nuffield, UK used 40%less fire protection on steel beams supportingan unprotected steel deck and concrete slab.

Another six case examples of innovative firesafety in steel buildings were presented fromthe IISI publication. This publication can beordered via IISI at no charge via the followingwebpage: http://www.worldsteel.org/book-shop/4 (click on “Fire Safety in Multi-storeyBuildings”).

The presentation concluded with an overviewof a project where a Fire Protection Engineerused “design fires” to establish the acceptabil-ity of unprotected steel. Attendees received asummary of this project, expansion to theNova Scotia Community College, as given inCISC’s “Advantage Steel” magazine (No. 23,August 2005) that was also distributed to at-tendees. The article describing this project isentitled “Structural Fire Protection Deter-mined Through Fire Protection EngineeringApplications at Nova Scotia CommunityCollege” and can be downloaded via CISC’swebsite as per the following link:http://www.cisc-icca.ca/content/ publica-tions/publications.aspx (click on Issue No. 23).

Since this project used computer fire model-ling mention was also made of a website pro-viding a survey of fire and smoke computermodels. Performance-based codes are now pro-viding an opportunity for Fire Protection En-gineers to apply engineered solutions and useadvanced calculation techniques or in otherwords computer fire modeling. A useful web-site to overview the range of computer modelsin fire is via the following website: www.fire-modelsurvey.com. The website lists 168 firemodels in six categories such as fire endurance,egress, detector response, zone, field and mis-cellaneous. Further information can be ob-tained on most of the models via webpagelinks. The background to the survey is alsoavailable on the website in the form of twodownloadable articles that were published inthe Society of Fire Protection Engineering’sJournal of Fire Protection Engineering, Vol.4(3), 1992 and Vol. 13(2), 2003.

Mine Firesand

ExplosionsThis information was obtained from theNational Fire Protection Association(NFPA) website

Mining and mineral processing facilities rep-resent significant fire and explosion expo-sures to both personnel and productionequipment and buildings. From a personnelsafety standpoint, underground mining hasbeen by far the global loss leader in fatalitiesand injuries for all industries.

In the 100-year period from 1900 to 1999,more than 100,000 miners died from allunintentional-injury causes, including firesand explosions, in U.S. coal mine incidentsalone, an average of 1,040 a year. In the lastdecade, this has been reduced to 450 fatali-ties, or an average of 45 per year.Approximately 10-15 percent can be attrib-uted directly to fires and explosions.

Life-threatening incidents, though morecommon in coal mines, have also occurredin the non-coal (metal and nonmetal) min-ing industry. In the same 100-year periodending 1999, approximately 23,000 minersdied in various incidents in non-coal mines,including fire and explosions. Recentadvances in mining and safety technologiesand the promulgation of more stringent gov-ernment regulations have significantlyreduced fatalities from underground minefires and explosions.

For more information regarding mine fireand explosions, including a free download-able report, visit www.nfpa.org.

1 0 • W i n t e r 2 0 0 5 F i r e S a f e t y i s E v e r y b o d y ’ s B u s i n e s s • C a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n

S t a n d a r d s

December 12, 2005 – The National Fire Pro-tection Association (NFPA) and the Cana-dian Standards Association (CSA) haveentered into a Memorandum of Understand-ing (MOU) designed to strengthen commu-nity and workplace safety.

The MOU was signed today by NFPA Presi-dent James M. Shannon and CSA President,Standards, Pat Keindel at CSA headquartersin Toronto. Under the agreement, the organ-izations will work together to improve publicsafety and quality of life by promoting aware-ness, knowledge, and the application of stan-dards and industry best practices in thecommunity and workplace.

“We are pleased to have established a moreformal relationship with CSA,” said Shan-non. “NFPA and CSA share a common in-terest in serving the public and providing asafe environment where we work and live. Welook forward to expanding our activities withCSA in the areas of electrical and fire safetyand the important area of emergency pre-paredness and homeland security.”

“This newly established and historic alliancebetween NFPA and CSA is a statement of ourshared common vision and interest in the bet-terment of public safety and the quality of life,”said Keindel. “It is within the interest and thegreater good of our two nations that we worktogether to build an effective model of interna-tional cooperation on public safety issues.”

As a first step, the organizations have an-nounced that NFPA has licensed CSA to useNFPA 1600, Standard on Disaster/Emer-gency Management and Business ContinuityPrograms as a base document for the devel-

opment of a new voluntary Canadian Na-tional Standard for Emergency Managementand Business Continuity Programs.

As part of the alliance, NFPA and CSA re-solve to

• Establish a relationship to enable coordi-nated action to explore and pursue oppor-tunities to undertake specific jointemergency preparedness, planning andemergency management, public health andsafety, and public security initiatives.

• Create value for their stakeholders, con-stituents, members, and the general publicin support of their common mandates.

• Build an effective model of regional cooper-ation for the common good.

Canadian Standards Association (CSA) is amembership association serving industry,government, consumers and other interestedparties in Canada and the global marketplace.A leading developer of standards and codes,CSA aims to enhance public safety, improvequality of life, preserve the environment andfacilitate trade.

NFPA has been a worldwide leader in pro-viding fire, electrical, building, and life safetyto the public since 1896. The mission of theinternational nonprofit organization is to re-duce the worldwide burden of fire and otherhazards on the quality of life by providingand advocating consensus codes and stan-dards, research, training and education.

Contact: Lisa Braxton, NFPA Public AffairsOffice: +1-617-984-7275

NFPA and Canadian Standards Association

form alliance to enhance public safety

Standard Method ofFire Tests of

Firestop Systems CAN/ULC-S115

Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canadaannounces the publication of the ThirdEdition of CAN/ULC-S115-05, StandardMethod of Fire Tests of Firestop Systems.

This Standard will be of interest to thoseinvolved in research and development ofbuilding construction materials, fire pro-tection experts, engineers and architects,as well as builders, manufacturers andregulatory officials.

This National Standard of Canada isapplicable to firestop systems with orwithout penetrating items. Thesefirestop systems are intended for use inopenings in fire resistive wall and floorassemblies and membranes forming partof an assembly required to have a fireresistance rating and linear openingsbetween adjacent fire resistive floorassemblies, wall assemblies or both.

Changes to this Standard include:• An expanded scope that includes the

evaluation of linear openings;

• Changes to furnace control tempera-tures and additional furnace tempera-ture measurements for joint firestopsystems;

• Changes to furnace differential pres-sure measurements;

• An introduction of a minimum posi-tive pressure for all tests;

• New requirements for the hose streamtest; and,

• A new Section 8 that specifies require-ments for the evaluation of joint firestop systems.

This National Standard can be orderedthrough ULC's ONLINE STORE, orour Publications Department at 1 866 937 3852, extension 61744, for more information.

C a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n • F i r e S a f e t y i s E v e r y b o d y ’ s B u s i n e s s W i n t e r 2 0 0 5 • 1 1

S t a n d a r d s

Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada announces the publication of the Third Edition ofCAN/ULC-S114-05, Standard Method of Test for Determination of Non-Combustibility inBuilding Materials.This Standard provides a means of determining the non-combustible nature of elementarybuilding materials. It shall be applied to materials used in the construction of buildings. Itdoes not apply to materials with a decorative or protective coating, or impregnation, or builtup laminations of dissimilar materials.

Changes to this Standard include:• An added note to Clause 5.1(B) on the interpretation of flaming to clarify what constitutes

‘no flaming’;

• An added reference to ULC-S135, Standard Test Method for the Determination ofCombustibility Parameters of Building Materials Using an Oxygen ConsumptionCalorimeter (Cone Calorimeter), in the list of referenced documents and as a note toAppendix A.

This National Standard can be ordered through ULC's ONLINE STORE, or call theirPublications Department at 1-866-937-3852, extension 61744, for more information.

ULC is pleased to announce the publicationof the Second Edition of CAN/ULC-S528-05, Manual Stations for Fire Alarm Systems,Including Accessories. This Standard hasbeen approved by the ULC Committee onFire Alarm Equipment and Systems, and isdated November 2005.

This Standard covers manual stations andtheir accessories for use in fire alarm systems.It also covers manual stations used for ancil-lary service, such as manual stations for theelectrical release of extinguishing systems.

Some of the highlights of changes from theFirst edition are:• The word “Pull” has been deleted for the

more generic term "manual station" in thetitle and throughout the standard, as notall manual stations used on fire alarm sys-tems are “pull” stations. The 2005 editionof the NBC has adopted this change.

• This standard recognizes the fact that tech-nology allows for manual stations to be

inseparably linked to their control unitand that those manual stations must betested with the control unit.

• Manual stations are to be plainly and per-manently marked with the words “FIRE”and/or “FEU” or an easily understood iconon the front of the manual station. A sam-ple of the icon is included in theAppendix.

• In view of current technology, the sectionson performance and construction havebeen revised for consistency with otherULC and UL standards.

• Introduction of requirements for protec-tive covers and accessories for manual sta-tions.

Please visit our online store to place an orderfor this standard.

Should you require any additional informa-tion, please contact Mahendra (Mike)Prasad at 416-757-5250 Ext. 61242 orEmail: mahendra.prasad@ca.ul.com

Standard Method of Test for Determination of

Non-Combustibility in Building Materials CAN/ULC-S114

Manual Stations for Fire Alarm Systems,Including Accessories CAN/ULC-S528-05,

Second Edition

Editor: Janet O’Carroll

The CFSA Newsletter is published 4 times peryear – June, September, December, March

New Advertising Rates Membership has its benefits, and advertisingis a key advantage to getting your companyand product information out to other mem-bers in the industry. The CFSA has decided tomake advertising in the CFSA Newsletter adefinite advantage for members. Pricing hasbeen revised to include the following rates:

Member Non-Member Rate Rate

Back Cover 250 500Full Page 200 4001/2 Page 100 2001/4 Page 50 100Business Cards 25 50

Prices listed are for each issue and do notinclude GST. Corporate members receive a10% discount.

For more information regarding advertising inthe CFSA Newsletter, please contact Sherry Denesha at 416.492.9417 or cfsa@taylorenterprises.com.

Closing dates for submissions are as follows:Issue #1 – May 20 Issue #3 – Nov. 19Issue #2 – Aug. 19 Issue #4 – Feb. 17

All general enquiries and advertising materi-als should be directed to the CFSA office at 2175 Sheppard Ave. E., Suite 310, Toronto, Ontario M2J 1W8

Your comments, suggestions and articles arewelcome. Please send them to the attentionof: The Editor

Canadian Fire Safety Association2175 Sheppard Ave., E., Suite 310Toronto, Ontario M2J 1W8

Views of the authors expressed in any articlesare not necessarily the views of the CanadianFire Safety Association. Also, the advertise-ments are paid advertising and in no way recognized as sponsored by CFSA.

CFSA ChaptersInterested in forming a new chapter? Call CFSA at (416) 492-9417.

CFSANews

C a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n • F i r e S a f e t y i s E v e r y b o d y ’ s B u s i n e s s W i n t e r 2 0 0 5 • 1 3

On December 13, 2005, Monte Kwinter,Minister of Community Safety and Correc-tional Services, announced an amendment tothe Ontario Fire Code to require workingsmoke alarms on every storey of every home.The Fire Code currently requires that smokealarms be installed near all sleeping areas ina home. Ontario Regulation 650/05, whichwas filed on December 12, 2005, amends the

Code CornerAmendments to the Ontario Fire Code

Requires Smoke Alarms on Every Storey of a Home

Seminars on Technical Changes in the 2005 National Construction Codes

The NRC's Institute for Research in Con-struction (IRC), in coordination with theprovinces and territories, is offering technicalseminars on the 2005 National ConstructionCodes, which started in December 2005 andextends until April 2006.

The seminars are being held in 16 citiesacross Canada, are designed to help codeusers familiarize themselves with the newcode features and information. They will givean overview of the most significant techni-cal changes in the 2005 National BuildingCode (NBC), National Fire Code (NFC)and National Plumbing Code (NPC), as wellas a brief introduction to the new objective-based format.

Don't miss this unique opportunity to learn

about the 2005 National Construction Codesfrom the source. Consider the benefits...

• Learn first-hand about new code features,including objectives, functional statements,and intent and application statements

• Gain a better understanding of the intent ofthe revisions to NBC Part 3: Fire Protection,Occupant Safety and Accessibility; Part 4:Structural Design; Part 5: EnvironmentalSeparation; Part 6: Heating, Ventilating andAir-conditioning; Part 9: Housing and SmallBuildings; the National Fire Code; and theNational Plumbing Code

• Discover how these improvements to the na-tional codes, which serve as models for vir-tually all building, fire and plumbingregulations in Canada, can affect your work

Fire Code by adding the requirement that,effective March 1, 2006, smoke alarms mustalso be installed on each storey of a dwellingunit that does not contain a sleeping area.

The penalties for non-compliance of smokealarm requirements remain the same:

• $235 fine (total payable) under Part 1 (Cer-tificates of offence) of the Provincial

Offences Act;or

• a maximum $25,000 fine or up to one yearin jail or both for individuals, and a maxi-mum $50,000 fine for corporations, underSubsection 28.(3) of the Fire Protection andPrevention Act, 1997.

Given that the new requirements will notcome into effect until March 1, 2006, fire de-partments have an excellent opportunity toincrease public awareness of the new smokealarm requirements in a positive and persua-sive manner.

Enquiries about Ontario Regulation 650/05and/or the media campaign should be di-rected to Janice Johnstone, OFM ProgramSpecialist at (416) 325-3151 or to Carol Grav-elle, OFM Public Relations Officer, at (416)325-3138.

More information regarding the regulationcan be obtained from the OFM website atwww.ofm.gov.on.ca.

and business

• Take advantage of this networking oppor-tunity to consult experts and exchangepoints of view with your colleagues

• Receive valuable reference materials, includ-ing seminar documentation.

The seminars will take place over two consec-utive days in each city. Participants will havethe option to register for the full two days, forone day or even for half-day sessions accord-ing to the topics that are of interest to them.

For more information on the seminars, sched-ule, program, education credits or to registervisit the IRC website at http://www.national-codes.ca/seminars/index_e.shtml.

1 4 • W i n t e r 2 0 0 5 F i r e S a f e t y i s E v e r y b o d y ’ s B u s i n e s s • C a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n

The Toronto Fire Services offers the follow-ing tips when installing and maintainingsmoke alarms in the home.

What you need to know Most fatal fires happen at night when peo-ple are sleeping. A working smoke alarm willdetect smoke and sound to alert you.

Protect your home with a smoke alarm The Ontario Fire Code requires every hometo have a working smoke alarm.

Choose the best alarmThere are many different types of smokealarms to choose from. Smoke alarms can beelectrically connected, battery-operated orboth.

Install more than oneInstall smoke alarms on every level of yourhome and near each sleeping area. Remem-ber to replace alarms that are more than 10years old. Smoke alarms don't last forever.

Where to install smoke alarmsBecause smoke rises, it is recommended thatyou place the alarms on the ceiling. Avoidceilings near bathrooms, heating appliances,windows and ceiling fans.

Test your alarmTest your smoke alarms monthly by pressingthe test button. You can also test your alarmsby using smoke from a smoldering cottonstring.

Replace batteries regularlyInstall a new battery in each alarm once ayear. When warning beeps sound, replaceyour battery immediately. Never wait.Change your batteries when you change yourclocks' in the Spring and Fall.

Maintain alarmsPrevent dust from clogging your smokealarms by gently vacuuming them with a softbrush every six months. Never vacuum elec-trically connected alarms unless you shut offthe power. Test each unit when finished.

Prepare and practiceDraw a floor plan showing how you andyour family would escape a fire in yourhome. Look for two ways out of each roomand have a pre-arranged meeting place out-side. Regularly practice with every memberof your home. After everyone is outside, call9-1-1 from a safe location.

When installing, testing, and maintainingsmoke alarms, make sure you follow themanufacturer's instructions.

For more safety and fire prevention informa-tion visit the Toronto Fire Services websiteat www.toronto.ca/fire.

New NRC PublicationA new publication “2005 National Construction Codes: increasing clarity and flexibility fordesign” has been released (NRCC-48378)

Abstract:

The recent publication of the 2005 National Building Code by the National Research Council signals a new era in construction in Canada. First published in 1941, the highlyregarded instrument of regulation has been retooled and reorganized into what is called anobjective-based format.

The full version of the document can be obtained from the NRC website at http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fulltext/prac/nrcc48378/.

v i s i t o u r w e b s i t e a t

www.canadianfiresafety.com

for all the latest news and events,including online reservations for:

Dinner Meeting reservations, technicalsessions, and much more.

ASSOCIATE MEMBERSLinda Arnold

Simpson & Associates, Calgary, AB

CORPORATEBonpet Firesafety Systems

Onyx-Fire Protection ServicesFCS Fire Consulting Services

Morrison HershfieldCafco Industries Inc.

INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSEdward Dougall

Mark Peters

Welcome to the following

New Members

G e n e r a l I n f o r m a t i o n

Smoke alarm safety andmaintenance tips

1 6 • W i n t e r 2 0 0 5 F i r e S a f e t y i s E v e r y b o d y ’ s B u s i n e s s • C a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n

E-mail: info@rbacodes.ca

Randal Brown& AssociatesLtd.

Consulting Building CodesEngineers & Fire Protection

6 Lansing Square, Suite 105Willowdale, OntarioM2J 1T5

TEL. (416) 492-5886FAX. (416) 492-1258

CFSA Newsletter in Electronic Format

Since the introduction of the “Members Section” on the CFSA website, theCFSA Newsletter has been made available to all members in a download-able electronic format.

Now all members who have registered an email address with CFSA will bereceiving an electronic copy (PDF format) of the CFSA newsletter insteadof a printed copy on a quarterly basis. Those members who have not regis-tered an email address with the CFSA will continue to receive a printedcopy of the CFSA Newsletter.

For those members who still wish to receive a printed copy of the newsletter,please fax the form below to (416) 491-1670 attention Mary Lou Murray.

Members who have yet to register an email address with the CFSA can doso by emailing us at cfsa@taylorenterprises.com.

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1 8 • W i n t e r 2 0 0 5 F i r e S a f e t y i s E v e r y b o d y ’ s B u s i n e s s • C a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n

A/D FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMSTORONTO, ON (416) 292-2361Don FalconerStevo MiljatovichSander Trestain

ASTERIX SECURITY HARDWARE INT’LMISSISSAUGA, ON (905) 672-1245David Chan

ATLANTIC PACKAGING PRODUCTSTORONTO, ON (416) 297-2261Gordon Varey

BONPET FIRESAFETY SYSTEMSRICHMOND HILL, ON (416) 838-0058Morris KeterTony FernandoCezary Cender

BRAMPTON FIRE & EMERGENCY SERVICESBRAMPTON, ON (905) 874-2741Chantelle CosgroveTerry IrwinBrian Maltby

CAFCO INDUSTRIES INC.TORONTO, ON (416) 679-2830Brad HartHugh Lim

CARLON FIRE EQUIPMENTMARKHAM, ON (905) 477-3265Robert HillcoatPaul Jewett

CDN. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER ASSC.MARKHAM, ON (905) 477-2270John GaltMatthew Osborn

CGI INSURANCE BUSINESS SERVICEMARKHAM, ON (905) 474-0003Mike McKennaPeter MorrisKenneth Steger

CITY OF TORONTO – UDS BLDG DIVTORONTO, ON (416) 397-4446Irene Moore

DURABOND PRODUCTS LTD.TORONTO, ON (416) 759-4474Guido Rapone

EDWARDS SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGYOWEN SOUND, ON (519) 376-2430Flavian Quiquero

FCS FIRE CONSULTING SERVICESINNISFIL, ON (800) 281-8863Michelle FarleyStephen ChurchSandra Fleet

FIRE DETECTION DEVICES LTD.MARKHAM, ON (905) 479-7116David Duggan

FIRE MONITORING OF CANADA INC.ST. CATHERINES, ON (800) 263-2534Jim Asselstine

FIRE SAFETY TECHNOLOGY INC.MISSISSAUGA, ON (905) 564-6691Leo AvdeevGeorge Perlin

GREATER TORONTO AIRPORT AUTH.TORONTO, ON (416) 776-4515Mark Regimbald

GRICE ENGINEERING INC.JANESVILLE, WI (608) 757-1335Jason Grice

HALSALL ASSOCIATES LTD.TORONTO, ON (416) 487-5256Jay Leedale, P.Eng.Daniel Templeton, P.Eng.Michael Van Dusen, P.Eng.

HARDING FIRE PROTECTIONTORONTO, ON (416) 292-0599Paul AdamsPaul HardingFred Lutz

HILTION (905) 483-4146Paul Spain

HRSDC LABOUR PROGRAM – FIRE PROTECTION SERVICESTORONTO, ON (416) 954-2876Randy De LaunayRaymond FungMark Kohli

INDEPENDENT PLUMBING & HEATINGCONTRACTORS ASSOCIATIONTORONTO, ON (416) 248-6213Mauro Angeloni

INGERSOLL-RAND ARCHITECTURALMISSISSAUGA, ON (905) 403-1800David Golych

LEBER/RUBES INC.TORONTO, ON (416) 515-9331Fred LeberRick MoriJon Winton

MORRISON HERSHFIELDOTTAWA, ON (613) 739-2910Judy JeskeDan Pekic

NADINE INTERNATIONAL INC.MISSISSAUGA, ON (905) 602-1850Ajwad GebaraAllison McLean

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOC.QUINCY, MA (617) 770-3000James M. Shannon

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCILOTTAWA, ON (613) 993-40Philip Rizcallah

O & Y ENTERPRISETORONTO, ON (416) 596-8562Donald Hogarth

OFFICE OF THE FIRE MARSHALTORONTO, ON (416) 325-3100Ryan BeltsDoug CrawfordBev Gilbert

OFS FIRE PREVENTIONBARRIE, ON (705) 728-5289Peter IronsideJeff Ough

ONTARIO POWER GENERATION INC.PICKERING, ON (905) 914-0506Scott CameronTom BellBruce Percival

ONTARIO PROFESSION FIREFIGHTERSASSOCIATIONBURLINGTON, ON (905) 681-7111Wayne DeMille

ONYX-FIRE PROTECTION SERVICESTORONTO, ON (416) 674-5633Mark Freeman

PETERBOROUGH FIRE DEPARTMENTPETERBOROUGH, ON (705) 745-3281Eric ChantLee E. GrantGreg Simmons

PRO-FIRESTOPTORONTO, ON (416) 293-0993John Sharpe

PROTOCOM LIMITEDRICHMOND HILL, ON (905) 773-0424Roy Armstrong

PYRENE CORPORATIONMARKHAM, ON (905) 940-8080Joe Di FilippoAndrew Xu

RANDAL BROWN & ASSOCIATES LTD.TORONTO, ON (416) 492-5886Randal BrownMatteo GilfillanDavid Johnson

ROXUL INC.MILTON, ON (905) 875-9319John Evans

ROYAL QUICKSTOP FIRE PROTECTIONWOODBRIDGE, ON (905) 856-7550Brian DidoneWalter Milani, P.Eng.

SARGENT OF CANADA LTD.MARKHAM, ON (905) 940-2040Murray Lewin

SENECA COLLEGE OF APPLIED ARTSTORONTO, ON (416) 491-5050Stu EvansJohn GlassAnthony Van Odyk

SIEMENS-FIRE SAFETY DIVISIONBRAMPTON, ON (905) 799-9937Don BoynowskiAl HessAndrew Hewitson

SIMPLEX GRINNELLMISSISSAUGA, ON (905) 212-4400Frank DetlorSteve DickieMichael Hugh

THERMOFIRE SYSTEMS INC.OAKVILLE, ON (905) 469-0063Mike McClure

TORONTO COMMUNITY HOUSING CORPORATIONTORONTO, ON (416) 981-4400Rainer Soegtrop

TORONTO FIRE SERVICESTORONTO, ON (416) 338-9319Terry BoykoJack Collins, Division ChiefBill Stewart, Fire Chief

TORONTO TRANSIT COMMISSIONTORONTO, ON (416) 393-3020Nick PallottaWillie Sturm

TOWN OF MARKHAM, BLDG. DEPT.MARKHAM, ON (905) 477-7000Chris BirdTony BoykoJohn Wright

TOWN OF RICHMOND HILLRICHMOND HILL, ON (905) 771-8800David FinbowMike JanottaMartin Chan

TROW CONSULTING ENGINEERS LTD.BRAMPTON, ON (416) 793-9800Michael ChanKhurshid Mirza Lui Tai

TYCO THERMAL CONTROLSTORONTO, ON (416) 241-3524Rick Florio

UNDERWRITERS’ LABORATORIES OF CANADATORONTO, ON (416) 757-3611Denis P. CantinRae DulmageSandy Leva

VIPOND FIRE PROTECTION INC.MISSISSAUGA, ON (905) 564-7060Larry Keeping

Corporate MembersC a n a d i a n F i r e S a f e t y A s s o c i a t i o n

Cerberus Division

There are no guarantees in life, but luckily, there is one in life safety.Presenting the remarkable No FalseAlarm Guarantee provided with everyFirePrint™ intelligent fire detector. It’s your assurance that FirePrint can identify a true fire emergency withunmatched speed, accuracy and falsealarm resistance. Or we’ll pay anyfine levied in connection with a falsealarm caused by a FirePrint detector.

Priced like a regular detector, itoperates like nothing else. FirePrintoutperforms standard photo, thermal, ionization or combination detectors—sensing smoke and heat, and instantlydistinguishing real threats from decep-tive phenomena like cigarette smoke or dust. FirePrint is easily set to workin the widest range of environments in the industry. Plus, it’s compatible with our MXL Series of intelligent firedetection systems.

To see how Siemens BuildingTechnologies, Inc., Cerberus Division, can make life safety even safer with theFirePrint intelligent fire detector, call 905-799-9937, 1-800-268-6831 fax 905-799-9858 or visit www.cerbpyro.com

© 1999 SIEMENS