Catholic vs. Christian (Protestant)

天主教與基督教(新教)有何不同？

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John F. KennedyMother Teresa

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常問的問題 FAQs：

– 天主教和基督教有何不同？谁是正统？Difference between Catholicism vs. Christianity? Who’s right?

– 天主教徒有救恩吗？ Do Catholics have Salvation?

– 天主教是不是拜圣母马丽亚？ They worship Mary?

– 牧师可以结婚吗？ Can Pastors get married?

– 天主教教會現在还在賣赎罪卷嗎？ Is Indulgence still being sold by Catholic Church?

• 广义的基督教Broader Def. of Christian

–天主教(Catholic/Roman Catholic) ~1.2 billion 12億

–新教/更正教/復原教(Protestant) ~800 million 8億

狹義的基督教 Narrower Def. of Christian

–東正教(Eastern/Greek Orthodox) ~300 million 3億

名詞澄清 Clarification天主教和基督教有何不同？

Difference between Catholicism vs. Christianity?

Brief Church History

Christian 基督教(catholic church)大公教會

Orthodox東正教

Roman Catholic羅馬天主教

Roman Catholic

Protestant新教/更正教

1054:分裂#1The Great

Schism

1517:改教Reformation

名詞澄清 Clarification

天主教和基督教有何不同？Difference between Catholic vs. Christian?

天主教和新教/更正教有何不同？Difference between Catholic vs. Protestant?

1. The Role of Church / Church Office 教會/神職人員角色

权柄、恩典Authority, Grace

Church

权柄、恩典Authority, Grace

Protestant 新教

Church

权柄、恩典Authority, Grace Church

Catholic Church 天主教

圣礼Sacraments 告解

Confessional

Explain the Bible

Key Verse: Matthew 馬太16:15-1915耶穌說：「你們說我是誰？」 16西門•彼得回答說：「你是基督，是永生 神的兒子。」…18我還告訴你，你是彼得，我要把我的教會建造在這磐石上；陰間的權柄(原文是門)，不能勝過他。 19我要把天國的鑰匙給你，凡你在地上所捆綁的，在天上也要捆綁；凡你在地上所釋放的，在天上也要釋放。15 [Jesus] said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” 16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” … 18 “I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades will not overpower it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; and whatever you bind on earth shall have been bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall have been loosed in heaven.”

你是彼得，我要把我的教會建造在這磐石上You are Peter, & upon this rock I will build my church

Catholic

Rock = Peter (Petra)

1st Pope of Roman Catholic

Pope Succession 主教/教宗正统权柄继承

Protestant

Rock =1) This Factual Content

of this Statement

Key Verse: Matthew 馬太16:15-1915耶穌說：「你們說我是誰？」 16西門•彼得回答說：「你是基督，是永生 神的兒子。」…18我還告訴你，你是彼得，我要把我的教會建造在這磐石上；陰間的權柄(原文是門)，不能勝過他。 19我要把天國的鑰匙給你，凡你在地上所捆綁的，在天上也要捆綁；凡你在地上所釋放的，在天上也要釋放。15 [Jesus] said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” 16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” … 18 “I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades will not overpower it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; and whatever you bind on earth shall have been bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall have been loosed in heaven.”

你是彼得，我要把我的教會建造在這磐石上You are Peter, & upon this rock I will build my church

Catholic

Rock = Peter (Petra)

1st Pope of Roman Catholic

Pope Succession 主教/教宗正统权柄继承

Protestant

Rock =1) This Factual Content

of this Statement2) Jesus Christ Himself

I Corinthians 10:4也都喝了一樣的靈水。所喝的，是出於隨著他們的靈磐石；那磐石就是基督. the rock was Christ.

Catholic Weakness• Pope / Priest too much power Corruption?一言堂？

Protestant Weakness• Less Respect for Church / Pastors

1. The Role of Church / Church Office 教會/神職人員角色

• Believers lack the power to discern? 只能听从

• No unity between churches, denominations

• Convenience – less respect for service 聚会

• Bigger gap between Priests & Lay person 平常信徒

• Too traditional or ritualistic? 形式化？

• Lack respect to the ritual / sacraments 缺乏对仪式的敬畏

1.The Role of Church / Church Office 教會/神職人員角色

天主教和新教有何不同？Difference between Catholic vs. Protestant?

2. Receiving Grace & Salvation 领受恩典/救恩

Image taken from: http://www.ottawacoc.org/sermons/402898-saved-grace-communion-message/

Romans 羅馬書 3:19-20, 23 19我們曉得律法上的話都是對律法以下之人說的，好塞住各人的口，叫普世的人都伏在神審判之下。20所以凡有血氣的，沒有一個因行律法能在神面前稱義，因為律法本是叫人知罪… 23因為世人都犯了罪，虧缺了 神的榮耀； (和合本) 19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world held accountable to God. 20 Therefore no one will be declared righteous in God’s sight by the works of the law; rather, through the law we become conscious of our sin… 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. (NIV)

Sin 罪 = against God’s standard of laws 神的標準Crime 犯罪= against the society/country’s standard of laws

HumanEffort, Good deeds人的努力與好行為

Sin罪

ConsequencePunishment罪的懲罰

The Perfect Standard of God

HumanEffort, Good deeds人的努力與好行為

Sin罪

ConsequencePunishment罪的懲罰

The Perfect Standard of God Justified 稱義算是达到标准

God’s Gift =Grace 恩典

Catholic: Grace 恩典1. Sanctifying Grace成圣状态 = A Habitual State 持續狀態 - Holy/Justified 称义 & Supernatural life

2. Actual Grace 上帝带领 = outside force that pushes us to be closer to God & so we can reach or maintain the Sanctifying Grace

Actual Grace 上帝带领

Sanctifying Grace成圣状态(Protestant: Salvation 救恩)

Mortal Sin大罪

Venial Sin小罪

Sacraments圣礼 Purgatory

炼狱

Key Verse: I John 约翰一书 1:9 我們若認自己的罪， 神是信實的，是公義的，必要赦免我們的罪，洗淨我們一切的不義。If we confess our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.

Catholic

• Warning: If not A not B

Protestant

• Promise: If A B

• Focus on overall confess I have sins , I am a sinner

• Focus on each specific sin ever happen in life

Catholic Weakness

• People may live in Fear

Protestant Weakness

• People may dwell in sins

2. Receiving Grace & Salvation 领受恩典/救恩

• Less supernatural transformation as a New Creation

• Gray area: sacraments or punishment / payment Earn forgiveness?

• Too much emphasis on sin & punishment

• Too little emphasis on sin & punishment

1.The Role of Church / Church Office 教會/神職人員角色

天主教和新教有何不同？Difference between Catholic vs. Protestant?

2. Receiving Grace & Salvation 领受恩典/救恩

3. The Role of Mother Mary, Saints, & Imagery 圣母马利亚、圣人、以及图(偶)像

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Original Sin 原罪

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Original Sin 原罪

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Pass from Generation to Generation

Jesus was WITHOUTOriginal Sin 原罪

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Jesus was WITHOUTOriginal Sin 原罪

Image from: https://valerietarico.com/2014/12/09/the-not-so-virgin-birth-of-the-christmas-story/

Catholic:God cleansed Mary –

No Original Sin

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Jesus said, “Let any one of you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her.”

Jesus was WITHOUTOriginal Sin 原罪

Image from: https://valerietarico.com/2014/12/09/the-not-so-virgin-birth-of-the-christmas-story/

Catholic:God cleansed Mary –

No Original Sin

Protestant:Mary is a normal

person (God just used her womb)Egg / DNA

Prayer 祷告

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Catholic:Mary & other venerated Saints 被封圣的圣人 can be prayed to 可以向他们祷告- They are intercessors for you before God上帝前的代祷者

Protestant:Everyone praysDirectly to God直接跟上帝祷告

Jesus is the only mediator 耶稣是唯一的中间者

Imagery圖像、雕像Catholic:Allows imagery in the form of paintings & sculptures 图像、雕像

Protestant:Imagery is a form of Idol 禁止偶像

The Ten Commandments 十誡1. You shall have no other gods before me. 除了我以外，你不可有別的神。2. You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them 不可為自己雕刻偶像，也不可做甚麼形像彷彿上天、下地，和地底下、水中的百物。不可跪拜那些像，也不可事奉它.3.….

10. You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male or female servant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor. 不可貪戀人的房屋；也不可貪戀人的妻子、僕婢、牛驢，並他一切所有的。

The Ten Commandments 十誡1. You shall have no other gods before me. 除了我以外，你不可有別的神。2. You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them 不可為自己雕刻偶像，也不可做甚麼形像彷彿上天、下地，和地底下、水中的百物。不可跪拜那些像，也不可事奉它.3.….

10. You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male or female servant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor. 不可貪戀人的房屋；也不可貪戀人的妻子、僕婢、牛驢，並他一切所有的。

Protestant Version

1. I am the Lord your God: You shall have no other gods before me.

(Idols/Image:You shall not bow down to other gods)….….

9. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife.10. You shall not covet your neighbor’s goods.(Protestant: 10. You shall not covet)

Catholic 10 Commandments 十誡

Catholic天主教

Protestant新教/更正教

Orthodox東正教

Christians

THE END