Catalogue of the Persian manuscripts in the British Museum ...

Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt

Digitale Bibliothek des Sondersammelgebietes Vorderer Orient

Catalogue of the Persian manuscripts in the BritishMuseum / by Charles Rieu

Rieu, Charles

[London], 1881

urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:5-31694

HLLt /V

PEESENTED* BV

Clj* Cnisto^ « ' OF*

THE BEITISH MUSEUM.

CATALOGUE

OF

THE PERSIAN MANUSCRIPTS

IN

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

LONDON:

GILBERT AND BIV1NGT0N,

ST. john's squaee, olebkenwell, b.c.

CATALOGUEOF

THE PERSIAN MANUSCRIPTSIN

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

BY

CHARLES EIEU, Ph. D.KEEPER OF THE ORIENTAL MSS.

VOLUME II.

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES

SOLD AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM;AND BY

LONGMANS & CO., 39, PATERNOSTER ROW; B. QUARITCH, 15, PICCADILLY;ASHER & CO., 13, BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN,

and TRUBNER & CO., 57, LUDGATE HILL.1881.

NOTICE.

This Second Volume completes the description of the Persian Manuscripts which were inthe Museum at the end of the year 1870 (the date at which the printing of the cata¬logue began), and of such of the later acquisitions as came in time to be incorporatedinto their respective classes.

The manuscripts which it comprises are 1128 in number, forming with the 947manuscripts noticed in the first volume a total of 2075. They are arranged under theheadings of Sciences, Philology, Poetry, Fables and Tales, a few minor divisions, and,lastly, the considerable class of manuscripts of mixed contents.

First and foremost in importance and extent is the poetical section, which occupiesnearly one half of the present volume and includes several early and valuable copies of theclassical poets from Firdusi to Jami, as well as a fair muster of their successors inPersia and in India down to the most recent times.' Among the many remarkableworks which it contains, the following may be pointed out as cither unique or extremelyscarce:—

The Yusuf and Zulaikha of Firdusi (p. 545). A fragment of the Shahryar Namahof Mukhtari, one of the episodic poems engrafted upon the Shahnamah (p. 542). Therare Divans of Abul-Faraj Euni and Mas'ud i Sa'd, poets of the Court of Ghaznln (pp. 547,548), of Adib Sabir and 'Imadi Shahryari, who lived under the Saljukis (pp. 552, 557), andof Saif Isfarangi, who survived the invasion of Chingiz Khan (p. 581). A poetical versionof Kalilah and Damnah, composed about A.II. 058 by Kani'i, a panegyrist of the SaljiikSultans of Iconium (p. 582). The poems of Khwiiju Kirmani, written by the celebratedpenman Mir 'AH Tabrizi, A.H. 798 (p. 020). The Divans of two hitherto unnoticed poets,

( vi )

Haidar Shirazi, a contemporary of Hafiz (p. 623), and Naziri Tusi, who lived under the Bah-mani sovereigns of the Deccan, about A.H. 860 (p. 611). Some poems in the Guran dialect,which supply materials for the study of a yet unexplored province of Persian speech(pp. 728—735).

In compiling the biographical notices of poets valuable assistance has been derivedfrom the new and copious sources of information collected, and critically sifted, by DoctorA. Sprcnger in the first volume of his Catalogue of the Oude Libraries, a work the discon¬tinuance of which must be regretted as a grievous loss to Oriental studies.

Out of the rare and interesting manuscripts described under the remaining classes thefollowing may be noticed here as especially worthy of attention:—Durrat ut-Taj, anencyclopa>dia of philosophical sciences, written about A.D. 1300, by Kutb ud-Din Shirazi, forthe Dubaj, or king of Gilan (p. 434). The Taf him, or manual of astronomy, by al-Biruni: a copydated A.H. 685 (p. 451). The Zakhirah i Khwarazmshahi, a complete treatise of medicine,so called from the founder of the dynasty of the Khwarazm-Shahs, to whom it was dedi¬cated about A.H. 504 (p. 466). Ma'din ush-Shifa, a medical work, compiled from Sanskritsources for Sikandar Shah Lodi, A.H. 918 (p. 471). A treatise on tho art of war, dedicatedto the Sultan of Dehli, Shams ud-Din Iltatmish, A.H. 607—633 (p. 487). Several of theearliest Persian dictionaries, as Adat ul-Puzala, dated A.H. 822, Sharaf-Namah i Munyari,written about A.H. 862, and others (pp. 491, 492). Kitab Sindbad, the tale of the king's sonand the seven Vazirs, translated into Persian for Killj Tamghaj, Khan of Turkistan, aboutA.H. 556 (p. 748). An early, and yet unnoticed, translation of the memoirs of Baber,dated A.H. 994 (p. 799). Simt ul-'Ula, an account of the Kara-Khita'is of Kirman, writtenby a contemporary historian, A.H. 716 (p. 849).

A third volume, now in a forward state of preparation, will comprise the descriptionof the Elliot MSS. purchased in the year 1878, and of some other recent acquisitions, aswell as indexes of names, titles, and subjects to the entire catalogue.

CHARLES RIEU.

February 24, 1881.

» t-e-ifP^ M*\*-r-W > W u MikS

( vii )

CONTENTSOF THE SECOND VOLUME.

PAGESCIENCES.

Encyclopedias....... 433Philosophy........ 438Ethics.......... 440Politics......... 444Mathematics........ 449Astronomy......... 451Natural History...... 462Medicine......... 466Farriery and Falconry .... 480Alchemy and Cabalistic .... 486Arts and Games....... 487

PHILOLOGY.Lexicography : Persian Dictiona¬

ries .... 491-- Arabic-Persian Dic¬

tionaries . . 505- Turki-Persian Voca¬

bularies . .511

PAGE

Lexicography : Persian - TurkishDictionaries . . 513

- Miscellaneous Dic¬tionaries . . . .516

Grammar : Persian Grammar . . 519- Arabic Grammar . . 521

Prosody......... 525Insha, or the Art of Composition . 527Treatises on Calligraphy . . . 531POETRY.........533- Anthologies..... 734

Ornate Prose....... 740Fables, Tales, and Anecdotes . . 745Proverbs......... 773Collectanea........ 774Bibliography........ 776Drawings and Specimens of Calli¬

graphy ......... 778Manuscripts of Mixed Contents . 789

" ^■■■■■■■■11

( 433 )

SCIENCES.

ENCYCLOPAEDIAS.

Or. 16,830.Poll. 283; 9 in. by 4§; 11 and 15 lines,

3 in. long; written by two different bands,apparently in the 17th and 18th centuries.

[Wm. Yule.]

, »J^s- &*u yjiita

A manual of philosophical sciences.Author : Khwiijah Ra'is Abu All B. Sina,

Ua-» ^\ J* tf\ jj-jJj , who died A.H.428 (See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 221, b).

Beg. J6sij3\ jojldi- j* ^.Ijuu jThe author wrote this work, as he states

in the preface, for the prince in whoseservice he had found safety, wealth, andleisure, and by whom he had been desiredto compose in Pars! Bar! a compendiousmanual of the five branches of the philosophyof the ancients.

The prince, whose name and title arewritten _\3 j£ cJ>^\ ybs- ^.jJI o^fr

j\jy +xZ>& j]n~*\ J L"=- j>\ a-J^', wasreally called Ala ud-Daulah Abu Ja'far Mu¬hammad B. Bushmanziyar, and surnamedIbn Kakavaih, or "uncle's son," because

VOL. II.

his father was the maternal uncle of Say-yidah, a Buvaihide princess, who, in thename of her son Majd ud-Baulah, exercisedsovereign power. Prom her he had obtained,A.H. 398, possession of Isfahan, where, al¬though temporarily ejected by the Ghaznavis,he maintained himself till his death, whichhappened A.H. 433. See Kamil, vol. ix.pp. 146, 397, 433, Jahanara, Add. 7649,fol. 24 b. Compare De Slane, Ibn Khalli-kan's translation, vol. i. p. 445.

Ibn Sina", who spent the last years of hislife at the court of 'Ala ud-Baulah, wrotethe present work in Isfahan. Such is thestatement of his disciple, Abd ul-Vahid IbnMuhammad Juzjani, who was his master'sconstant companion for five-and-twenty yearsprevious to Ibn SIna's death, and wrote theaccount of his life which has been preservedby Ibn Abi Usaibi'ah; see Add. 7340, fol.124 a, and fol. 127 a.

Abd ul-Vahid, who edited the presentwork after the author's death, and whodesignates it by the title of Banish Namah iAla'i, states, fol. 207 b, that the section treat¬ing of mathematics was lost, because " themaster" was not in the habit of keepingcopies of his writings, and that he had takenupon himself to supply that deficiency witlia condensed translation in Pars! Dari of thefollowing treatises of Ibn Sina, which were

B

434 ENCYCLOPEDIAS.

in his possession: an abridgment of Eu¬clid, a treatise on astronomical observations,another on music, and the arithmeticalsection of the " Shafa." It is therefore thefirst three sections alone, that contain theoriginal work of Ibn Sina.

Contents: Logic, jki* A© fol. 3 a. Meta¬physics,^ or ^\ jjpfol.,67 b. Physics,

^j>.) ^ or ^xjoIs A* fol. 175 b. Geome':ry,fol. 207 b. Astronomy, fol. 233 b. Arith¬metic, fol. 260 b. Music, fol. 273 b.

The work is commonly known, as statedin the endorsement, under the name of^JiU o>^>-. It is mentioned by Haj.KhaL under (j^ta, vol. hi. p. 184, andunder J%^\ ul^, vol. v. p. 118- In theDurrat ut-Taj, Add. 7694, fol. 18 a, it isquoted under its proper title, Danish Namahi 'Ala'i.

It is stated in a note written on the firstpage by a former owner, Muhammad Nasirud-Din, that he had purchased the earlierportion of the MS., and had had the resttranscribed for him, in Lahore, A.II. 1127.

Add. 7694.Poll. 428 ; 10£ in. by 6|; 33 lines, 4g in.

long; written in close and fair Nestalik;dated Rain II., A.H. 1020 (A.D. 1611).

[CI. J. Rich.]

w w 9 w

^Ijs^ lijit)

An encyclopaedia of philosophical sciences.Author: Kutb ud-Din Mahmud B. Mas'ud

ush-Shirazi, ^^JJl iiy»~~o ^ ^jJI t__AVjBeg. rAs?\ Jb\o~j '■r'W _j>

CL+*»\y>Kutb ud-Din Shirazi, the greatest of the

disciples of Nasir ud-Din Tusi, came of afamily of physicians in Shiraz, where he was

born A.II. 634. He spent most of his life atthe court of the Moghul sovereigns, and diedin Tabriz, A.H. 710, leaving numerous works,mostly written in Arabic, and treating ofphilosophy, medicine and astronomy. Seethe Arabic Catalogue, p. 189,Tarikh Guzidah,Add. 22,693, fol. 237, and Wustenfeld, Ges-chichte der Arabischen Aertzte, p. 148.

The last word of the above title, which isdistinctly written " Dubaj " in various places,and is unknown to Persian dictionaries,points to G dan. We are informed by 'Abdur-Razzak, Mafia' us-Sa l dain, Add. 1291, fol.330, and by Ghaffari, Jahnnara, Add. 23,516,fol. 484, that Amirah Dubaj ^.b^ tjj*\ wasthe hereditary title of the Ishakavand orIshakiyyah princes of the Bayah Pas, or"Western Gilan, whose capital was Finnan,and for one of whom, the Durrat ut-Tajwas composed. The same title, written

^Ajjii, is still found in use in the time ofShahlsma'il Safavi; see Pumeny's Geschichtevon Gilan, edited by Dr. B. Dorn, pp. v and

The present copy is defective at the begin¬ning. Although there is no apparent breakin the writing, the main portion of the pre¬face and the initial part of the introductionare wanting. The preface probably includeda dedication to the prince of Gilan, and thataccount of his genealogy which, accordingto Abd ur-Razzak, 1. c, formed part of thework.

The Durrat ut-Taj is divided into an intro¬duction (Fatihah), six books (Jumlah), andan Appendix (Khatimah), which are enu¬merated with all their numerous subdivisions,foil. 11 b —17 a. The main divisions are thefollowing:—

Fatihah, treating of science in general andits branches, in three Fasls, fol. 1 b. Jum¬lah I. Logic, in seven Makalahs, fol. 17 a.Jumlah II. Philosophy proper, J } \ &LJi, intwo Fanns, fol. 45 a. Jumlah HI. Physics,Ji-»\ jjp, in two Fanns, fol. 63 b. Jumlah IV.

ENCYCLOPEDIAS. 135

Mathematics, Ja, in four Fanns, fol.

81 a. Jumlah V. Metaphysics, ^Js-\ ^s-, intwo Fanns, fol. 212 b.

Khatimah, divided into the following fourKutlis: 1. The fundamental principles offaith, Jyo\, fol. 264 b. 2. The secondary

points, ^ ^j, fol. 333 a. 3. Ethics, fol.373 a. 4. Rules of religious life, uU^->, fol.410 b.

The contents are fully stated in the Jahr-hiiehcr, vol. 88, Anzeigeblatt, pp. 17—21.See also Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 201, theVienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 35, Dorn, Pre¬face to Schir-Eddin's Geschichte, p. 7, andMelanges Asiatiques, vol. ii. p. 57.

Add. 7695.Foil. 148; 9J in. by 5|; 19 lines, 2f in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century. [Cl. J. Rich.]

A portion of the same work, viz. the firstFann of Jumlah IV., treating of geometry,and corresponding to Add. 7694, foil. 81—140.

Add. 16,827.Foil. 593; 9f in. by 6; 21 lines, 3| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the10th century. [William Ydle.]

Ctf**^ u^lf ^Jl£>An encyclopaedia of the sciences known

to the Muslims.Author: Muhammad B. Mahmudul-AmulI,

r~

J-5JI iy* ^

B eg. ^tfwb v c»>* l«SH ^ j& _j US j ^The author was a Mudarris in Sultaniyyah

during the reign of Uljaitu (A.H. 703—716),and frequently engaged, as a decided ShI'ah,

in controversy with his famous Sunni con¬temporary, 'Azud ud-Din ul-Iji (who diedA.H. 756). He left, besides the presentwork, commentaries upon the Kulliyyat ofthe Kanun of Ibn Sina, upon the Kulliyyatof the Kanun of Sharaf ud-Din Ilaki, andupon the Mukhtasar fil-Usul of Ibn 1.1 .jib.See Majalis ul-Muminln, Add. 23,541, fol.373, Haft Ikllm, Add. 16,734, fol. 475. Thefirst of the works above mentioned waswritten, according to Ilaj. Khal., vol. iv.p. 500, A.H. 753. See the Arabic Catalogue,pp. 222 a, 774 a.

The author states in his preface that hehad devoted his whole life to the pursuit ofscience, and, having visited in his wander¬ings the leading scholars of the period, hadavailed himself of their teaching in everybranch of knowledge, and written specialworks on several sciences. After an eulogyupon the reigning sovereign, "Jamal ud-Din vad-Dunya, Abu Ishak Mahmud Shah"he dedicates the present work to a Vazirdesignated by the following titles:\& u-fl^T ^lli w UaJu*> yj\p> cJ^V*

^\ (JLUm* w$> <Ja*Jj u Ujj, but whoseproper name does not appear. The prefaceconcludes with a statement of the plan anddivisions of the work, foil. 23 b —25 b.

Amir Jamal ud-Din Shaikh Abu Ishak,whoso father, Amir Mahmud Shah, hadgoverned Ears during the reign of Abu Sa'id,made himself master of Shiraz, A.H. 742,during the period of anarchy which followedthe death of that sovereign, and, havingadded Isfahan to his dominions, remainedfor twelve years the recognized ruler of Earsand 'Irak. He succumbed at last to the risingpower of Amir Muhammad Muzaffar, whowrested from him Shiraz, A.H. 754, and, afterseizing him in Isfahan, had him publiclyexecuted in the former city, A.H. 757, accord¬ing to Hafiz Abru, or A.H. 758, as stated byAbd ur-Razzak; see Or. 1577, fol. 104, andAdd. 17,928, fol. 98.

b 2

436 ENCYCLOPAEDIAS.

The date of composition, which is in¬cidentally mentioned at the end of Muham¬mad's life, fol. 270 6, is A.H. 735; but thehistorical section is brought down to thedeath of Abu Sa'id and proclamation of ArpaKhan, which took place A.H. 736, and thepreface, which names Shaikh Abu Ishiik asthe reigning sovereign, cannot have beenwritten before A.H. 742.

The work consists of two parts (Kism),treating respectively of the modern or Mus¬lim sciences, and of those of the ancients.

Kism I. treats of eighty-five arts orsciences, in thirty-six Panns, classed underfour categories (Makalah) as follows:

Makrdah I. comprises the literary sciencesObjiil in the following fifteen Panns:1. Writing, \ai- fol. 25 b. 2. Language,

'Hi fol. 30 a. 3. Plexion, u^-aj ^s-, fol.39 b. 4. Derivation, jULjL£»\ ^c-, fol. 45 a.5. Syntax, ^ Ji&, fol. 48 b. 6. Rhetoric,

fol. 53 a. 7. Eloquence, Îc,fol. 58 b. 8. Ornaments of speech, Îc,fol. 62 6. 9. Prosody, <>j^ fJc, fol. 71 a.10. Rhymes, J\jt ^, fol. 78 a. 11. Poeti¬cal composition, u±>Ji3 fol. 82 a. 12.Proverbs, J\i.1 fol. 86 a. 13. Know¬ledge of the Divans, yijô fol. 99 a.

14. Epistolary composition, \JL>\ ^s-, fol.108 b. 15. Collection of revenue and account-

keeping \*Z+*\ piff-, fol. 117 b.Makalah II. Legal sciences, in.

nine Panns : 1. Scholastic theology, ^ An,fol. 125 a. 2. Exegesis of the Kur'an, ^1*

.. ffp fol. 136 a. 3. Traditional sayings,

lLo>>- jJ*, fol, 149 a. 4. Pundamental prin¬ciples of the law, &Ki Jy»l fol. 158 a.5. Law, *iu fol. 168 a. 6. Various

readings of the Kur'an, Oil/ ^s-, fol. 182 a.7. Dialectic, Jj.* ^ b O^ ^le, fol. 194 a.8. Porms of contracts and legal instruments,

^c, fol. 200 a. 9. Porms of prayers,and the proper time for their recitation,OljM, fol. 211 6.

Makalah III. Sufism, in five Panns:1. Religious life, 2. True knowledge,jkttjJia- 3. Degrees of knowledge, ^±*>\j», fol. 221 a. 4. Mystic meaning of theletters, ^J 3f fol. 228 a. 5. Moral per¬fection, fol. 235 a.

Twenty-seven leaves having been lost afterfol. 220, the first two of the above Panns arewanting. They are found in the next copy,Add. 23,555, foil. 96 a —108 b.

Makrdah IV. Branches of conversational

knowledge, <jfj 3 ^ in seven Panns, as

follows: 1. The art of conversation, pl&0,jU°, fol. 242 b. 2 and 3. The science ofdates and lives, jx*> ^ j ( anabridgment of universal history), fol. 257 b.4. Religious systems and sects, J&\ o^lliUjJUi, fol. 295 a. 5. Genealogy, i_->LJ>\ Jt&,fol. 303 b. 6. Battles and encounters {i.e.the expeditions of Muhammad), \mJS\^\oUS^lj, fol. 309 b. 7. The science of

riddles, jfVI pic, fol. 322 a.Kism II. comprises the following five Ma-

kalahs:—Makalah I. Practical philosophy,

^♦s, in three Panns, viz.: 1. Ethics, ^s-fol. 331 a. 2. Government of the

family, JjU* j^Si fol. 344 b. 3. Govern¬ment of the city, JLjIuj ^lu, fol. 351 b-

Makalah II. Speculative philosophy, infour Panns, viz.: 1. Logic, ^la-U jJ^, fol.363 a. 2. The first philosophy, or introduc¬tion to metaphysics, ,Jj\ iJu^lj, fol. 373 b.

3. Metaphysics, ^\ ^s>, fol. 383 b. Physics,^x^> pic, fol. 393 a.

Makalah III. Mathematics, in four Panns,

viz. : 1. Geometry, OL.a]a*>)l ^s-, fol. 403 a.

ENCYCLOPEDIAS. 437

2. Astronomy, L*y^k*J ^s-, fol. 413 a. 3.Arithmetic, JiAsl^J, fol. 419 a. 4. Music,{J^-y>, fol. 429 a.

Makalah IV. Branches of physics, in nineFanns, viz.: 1. Medicine, t_-A» fol. 443 b.(2. Alchemy, and 3. Magic, U-^-«, are want¬ing; see Add. 23,555, foil. 225-234). 4.Interpretation of dreams, ^jojo fol. 462.5. Physiognomy, fol. 481 a. 6.

Astrology, ^ ^\ ^, fol. 485 a. 7. Pro¬perties of natural objects, fol.493 6. 8. Physical crafts, £x*x_*y^ t_i^ ^s-,i. e. veterinary, falconry, agriculture, etc.,fol. 509 b. 9. The art of holding the breath,and other austerities, practised by the Jogis

of India, ^ } } ^ ^s., fol. 514 a.Makalah V. Branches of mathematics, in

thirteen Panns, as follows : 1. Spherology,SJufc, fol. 576 a. 2. Optics, jfeU* J*, fol. 526 b.

3. Knowledge of the " intermediates," Îs-oUa~»yu, i. e. of nineteen treatises, which aretaken up, in the mathematical course, betweenEuclid and Almagest, fol. 532 b. 4. Practicalarithmetic, uL> fol. 533 b. 5. Algebra,ibUU y j*r fol. 540 a. 6. Surveying,0»U~< J*, fol. 541 b. 7. Knowledge of

the constellations, t_*^3\ jyo ^1p, fol. 545 a.8. The art of making almanacks, and usingthe astrolabe, t-»^la-»^ tlp^ j £j ffl ^fol. 549 a. 9. Geography, } ulAL-* J-fol. 554 b. 10. Numerical diagrams, J»s\&s\ js } , fol. 562 6. 11. Mechanics, J-.-

fol. 576 b. 12. The art of divination, ^J*,, fol. 577 b. 13. Games, e^&Û ^s., fol.584

Detailed accounts of the Nafa'is ul-Funimwill be found in the Vienna Jahrbiicher,vol. 61, Anzeigeblatt, pp. 2—10, and in theVienna Catalogue, vol. i. pp. 38—42. Seealso Haj. Khal., vol. vi. p. 364, Uri, p. 282,

and Melanges Asiatiques, vol. iii. p. 734,vol. v. p. 261.

A full table of contents is prefixed, foil.1—16 ; but the numbers indicating the foliosdo not apply to the present copy.

Add. 23,555.Poll. 296; 14| in. by 9£; 30 lines, 7 in.

long; written by different hands, and invarious characters, with 'Unvan and gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 14th century.

[Robert Tavloh.]The same work.Two leaves, which contained the greater

part of the preface (Add. 16,827, foil. 18 a—22 b), and about two pages at the end, arelost.

Contents : Kism I. Makalah I., fol. 5 b.Makalah II., fol. 53 b. Makrdah III., fol. 96 «.Makalah IV., fol. 118 b. -Kism II. Ma¬kalah I., fol. 162 a. Makalah II., fol. 177 b.Makrdah III., fol. 197 a. Makrdah IV., fol.216 b. Makalah V., fol. 260 a.

The following inscription in ornamentedKufi shows that this valuable copy, datingprobably from the author's time, was writtenfor a Vazir named Rukn ud-Din Salam Ullah :

jj} j(j âf^\ ^Ji io]^- ^*j>Jl»o all! J* <*UI j^L- A diamond-

shaped ornament on the same page containswhat at first sight seems to be a geome¬trical design, but is in reality an inscrip¬tion in a fanciful square character. Itconsists of honorific epithets applying tothe same Vazir, of which the following maybe deciphered LK_iMj ^laL- siiâ . ..

^ J

Add. 16,828.Foil. 396 ; 12£ in. by 8£ ; 26 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in Naskhi; dated Shavval,A.H. 1054 (A.D. 1644). [William Yule.]

The same work.

438 PHILOSOPHY.

This copy omits that part of the prefacewhich contains the mention of the reigningsovereign and the dedication. It wants alsothe twelfth Pann of Makalah V., Kism II.

Add. 7718.Poll. 286; 9^ in. by 6±; 17 lines, 3£ in.

long ; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th centnry. [CI. J. IIioh.]

The following detached sections of thesame work.

Kism I., Makalah I., Panns 7—15 (the lastimperfect), fol. 2 a. Makalah II., Pann 9,fol. 68 a. Makalah III., complete, with theexception of the third Pann, fol. 71 b.

Kism II. Makfdah II., Pann 1, fol. 116 a.Makalah L, Panns 1—3, fol. 126 b.

Kism I. Makalah IV., Panns 1—7, fol.158 b.

Kism II. Makalah IV., Pann 4 (here num¬bered 6), fol. 241 b. Pann 5 (numbered 7),fol. 261 b. Pann 9, fol. 264 b. Pann 10,fol. 283 b. The last is defective at the end.

PHILOSOPHY.

Add. 16,659.Poll. 582; 9 in. by 6; 31 lines, 3g in.

long; written in small Naskhi, with 'Unvans,and ruled margins, dated (fol. 34 b) A.H.1182 (A.D. 1768). [William Yule.]

Philosophical works of Abu All Ibn Sina.The contents are mostly Arabic, and have

been described in the Arabic Catalogue,pp. 447—451. The following are Persian :

I. Poll. 101—140. A Persian version of thesecond, or metaphysical, part of the workentitled C*'.^j^l£\j C»l,U»5)lwhich is, accord¬ing to Ibn Abi Usaibi'ah, Add. 7340, fol.127 a, the latest and most excellent ofIbn Sina's philosophical writings.

Beg. <jl*~>\ J^>- J^^jJ &t ]y>)^ ^ o-V 1The translation is divided, like the original,

in ten sections called kUil The contents ofthe work, and the numerous commentarieswritten upon it, are stated by Haj. Khal.,vol. i. p. 300. Compare Uri, pp. 118, 119,Casiri, p. 195, the Petersburg Catalogue,p. 60, and the Leyden Catalogue, vol. iii.p. 320.

II. Poll. 228—235, " Philo¬sophy of death," a treatise attributed in thesubscription to Abu All Sina.

Beg. u ^v>jj J \SjH? Jj^ ^ ls£~^ <^-a" .--^ ^c»Aj.j!I> CL*~*^p-^j

The author states that he wrote it at therequest of one of his disciples, whose mindhad been enlightened by true knowledge,and warns readers against divulging it tothose who were still groping in the darkways of received belief.

This work, which is not mentioned byIbn Abi Usaibi'ah, is distinct from the treatiseentitled e^Jl ^ *«)! ^>><J, noticed in theLeyden Catalogue, vol. iv. p. 312.

III. Poll. 258—352. Danish Namah i'Ala'i, the work described vol. ii. p. 1.

IV. Poll. 373—381. ^ijm ^jf, a tracton the spiritual interpretation of Muham¬mad's ascension.

Beg. (j^.^*" \(jt*j J y^*** 1 ' iWjU*-

The author, who does not give his name,states at the beginning, that he had writtenthis tract in answer to the repeated ques¬tions of a friend, and with the permission ofa spiritual guide designated as ^J'&e- Jitand further on as aJj^ i_hj^ <-^<i-

No work of the kind is mentioned amongthe writings of Ibn Sina, either by Abd ul-Vahid JuzjanT, or by Ibn Abi Usaibi'ah. Itsattribution to the celebrated philosopherrests on the doubtful authority of Haj. Khal.,vol. iii. p. 443, on the heading in the present

MBMHMaiVK

PHILOSOPHY.

MS. : (j-Jyil it t£*-»?J ^

O-il ec_»»U. Uaa» ^ tf\ and on a similar titlein another copy, Add. 16,839, art. xxv. Itwas probably suggested by the 'Ala ud-Daulah mentioned in the preface, who, how¬ever, as a religious teacher, has nothing butthe name in common with the prince towhom the Danish Niimah was dedicated. Acelebrated saint of that name, 'Alii ud-Dau-lah Simnani, died A.H. 736; see Nafahat,p. 524.

V. Poll. 381—402. A Persian version ofTbn Shift's treatise on the immortality of the

soul, i^S}\ £~iA5Beg. cL*utjj\ ^.VsLs- sîb L5 — *i j" o^^*-The translator, whose name does not ap¬

pear, states that, having been shown by afriend a version which was found to bemuch abridged and defective, he undertookat his desire to write the present fuller andmore faithful translation. It is divided intosixteen chapters (Pasl).

The original work ^]\ \^>\&J was written,according to Ibn Abi Usaibi'ah, Add. 7340,fol. 27 a, in Rai for Majd ud-Daulah. SeeArabic Catalogue, p. 450, art. xxxii., and Haj.Khal., vol. iii. p. 442.

VI. Poll. 403—410. A shorter version ofthe same work, in sixteen chapters (Bab),with the heading : ^-jj^ u Jui\ SJL-j *»»•y

Beg. ^jAP % w -aU! LfJ>j «JJ **J^

VII. Poll. 411—413. A short metaphy¬sical tract on the origin and end of existence,with the heading : jUJlj *UjJ!

Beg. ^& j\ ^jojS- s£\&> W ... . «JJ a-**^

C^.*>1 5l**> j A±x* iîjM

It is divided into two parts (Kism) ; thefirst, treating of the origin, comprises sixchapters (Pasl), the second, treating of theend, four. This short tract is distinct fromthe work entitled tyUS which waswritten, according to 'Abd ul-Vahid, in Jur-

439

jiin, for Abu Muhammad Shirazi. See Haj.Khal., vol. iii. p. 442, and the Arabic Cata¬logue, p. 450, art. xxiii.

VIII. Poll. 424—435. A Persian com¬mentary upon Ibn Sina's allegorical tract,llisalat ut-Tair, «JUj^ isjyo,*M StfL^ -y*

U^J]

Beg. of the Comm. ^,11*^ o-U*J' O Jy-J±^\3j> jAi \yt Jtjj-lj

The commentator, who is named in the

subscription ^jUl ^ J*âS\ giMwas a metaphysician, of the time of SultanSanjar (A.H. 512—548); see Haj. Khal., vol.iii. p. 412. The allegory is intended to show,according to 'Abd ul-Vahid, by what stepsthe author had attained true insight. SeeHaj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 418, and the LeydenCatalogue, vol. iii. p. 329.

On fol. 4 is a note by Abu Talib ul-Hu-sainT, stating that he had bought this volumein Murshidabad, A.H. 1208, on his way fromCalcutta to Lucknow.

Add. 16,829.Poll. 249 ; 8£ in. by 4$; 17 lines, 2g in.

long; written in small Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century. [Wm. Yule.]

I. Poll. 1—42. ^ lt^ 5 A treatiseon physics.

Author: Ghiyils. ud-DIn 'Ali ul-Husaini

ul-Isfahani, ^j^^ ^J?~^ J*Beg. t£ o-,/^ lt'V'j u^. lL"

,J)liShort extracts and tables of contents of the

same work are to be found in Or. 1839, fol.267, and Or. 1947, fol. 37, where, to the au¬thor's name, as given above, the patronymicyU* J.fr ^\ is added.

The author mentions occasionally pheno¬mena observed by himself in Badakhshan(see foil. 28 b, 38 6), while he speaks of Tur-kistan and Pars by hearsay. Prom the fact

410 PHILOSOPHY.

that he refers to Pakhr ud-Dln Razi, fol. 29 b,as one of the " moderns," it may he inferredthat he was not considerably later than thatphilosopher, who died A.H. 606.

A short preface is devoted to considerationson true immortality, which is shown to con¬sist of the good name or useful work whichman leaves behind him. The work, which

is described as 0^>- ^Jp ^y, com¬prises ten sections called Pasl, twenty moretermed Asl, four entitled Natijah, and an ap¬pendix (Khatimah), the headings of whichare given in the preface. The first series,beginning on fol. 4 b, contains elementarynotices on the spheres, the elements, andbodies in general. The second, or Asls, fol.13 a, treats of meteorological phenomena,such as vapours, winds, rain, thunder, shoot¬ing stars, etc. The four Natijahs, beginningfol. 40 a, treat severally of minerals, plants,animals, and man, and the Khatimah of theanatomy of the human body.

The present copy breaks off after the firstfive pages of Natijah I.

II. Poll. 43—249, Arabic tracts. See theArabic Catalogue, p. 455.

Add. 25,869.Poll. 87; 8£ in. by 4£; 18 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in small Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century. [Wm. Cureton.]

Commentary upon a short treatise onlogic, with the text.

The MS. is slightly defective at the begin¬ning, and contains neither title nor author'sname. The treatise is divided into severalshort sections headed J^i, but not num¬bered. It is found, without commentary, inanother MS., Add. 7720, art. I., where it be¬gins as follows : s£ J^y iic^ »&\<to

*i*jT jlS tiC, ,)>\jy jyO {J}jb (jtiui*

OUj-rfjjrf j&o J.'tfls- **>T

The first word of the text in the present

MS., fol. 1 a, is e^~*£y> which is explained

as follows: ^J.** t£ c«4)ip ^^Ua^l J(> »yfjjlj _jU ^Jt _} iib jj\ jX) j dy^ JiPj* Jt^

e^*JThe commentator refers occasionally, foil.

12 b, 62 6, to glosses written by the authorof thetreatise upon the Shamsiyyah, a well-knownmanual of logic, written in the time of Hu-laku; see Arabic Catalogue, pp. 250 a, 775 b.

A former owner, Muhammad 'All, states atthe end that the MS. came into his possessionA.H. 1089.

Add. 26,288.Poll. 180; 13 in. by 7£; 25 lines, 4f in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century. [Wm. Prskine.J

A philosophical treatise, without preface,title, or author's name, endorsed ^yay

ij>£j> j.yjw i_Jdyc ^\ oU!le Obl^Beg. Jt} «_sC^jo o^C- ^1^,5 u2«ol

CL**£- l__Vj£ i^-o'o Jj^=>-1It treats at considerable length of ques¬

tions of metaphysics and physics, in a num¬ber of sections headed c-o^ , and containsextensive extracts from the following works :a commentary on the Akhlak i Niisiri, theHayat un-Nufiis, and the Gauhar i Murtid,the last of which was written in the reignof Shah 'Abbas II.; see vol. i. p. 32 a.

ETHICS.

Or. 457.Poll. 120; 11 in. by 6§; 27 lines, 4| in.

long; written in Naskhi, with ruled margins,apparently in the 18th century.

W^jU

Moral precepts of the ancient sages of

ETHICS. 441

Persia, India, Arabia, and Greece, collectedby Ahmad B. Muhammad B. Miskavaih, whodied A.II. 421 (see Arabic Catalogue, p.627 a), and translated from the Arabic byTaki ud-Din Muhammad B. Shaikh Muham¬mad ul-Arrajani ut-TustarT, j-»a^

^ J^rj^ gr>Beg. C^fr^j C^c-^b ._sli' fcj**" *6Taki Shushtari, a scholar and poet of Per¬

sian birth, repaired to the court of Akbar,by whose command he turned the Slmh-namah into prose. He was appointed to theoffice of Sadr by Jahangir, in whose reign hedied. See Badaoni, vol. iii. p. 256, Tabakati Shahjahani, Or. 1673, fol. 296, and Riyazush-Shu'ara, Add. 16,729, fol. 196. He de¬scribes himself in the preface as a servantof Jahangir, and states that it was by thatemperor's order that he translated the abovework, which was written in an elegant, butabstruse, language.

Contents : Preface of the translator, fol. 3 b.Preface of Ibn Miskavaih, fol. 5 a. Preceptsof Hiishang, fol. 6 a. How the JavidanKhirad came to Milmun, fol. 15 b. Preceptsof Buzurjmihr, fol. 20 a, Kisra, Kubad, fol.27 b, Nushirvan, fol. 32 a, Bahman B. Isfandi-yar, fol. 38 a. Maxims of the sages of India,fol. 59 a, of'Ali, fol. 70 b, Lukman, fol. 79 a,Hasan Basri, fol. 94 a, Aktham B. Saifi, fol.99 a. Proverbs of the Arabs, fol. Ill b.Hermes and Greek sages, fol. 119 a. Thepresent copy breaks off in a notice on Dio¬genes.

For accounts of the original work of IbnMiskavaih see Haj. Khal, vol. i. p. 213,vol. ii. p. 581, the Bodleian Catalogue, vol. i.p. 86, vol. ii. p. 576, S. de Sacy, Notices etExtraits, vol. x. p. 95, and the Leyden Cata¬logue, vol. iv. p. 191.

Add. 5626.Poll. 272; 9f in. by 5|; 12 lines, 3 in.

long; written in fair Ncstalik, on gold-VOL. II.

sprinkled paper, with 'Unviln and gold-ruledmargins; dated A.H. 997 (A.I). 1589).

[Nath. Brassey Halhed.]

(Sj*°^> <J*&>-\A treatise on ethics.Author: Nasir ud-Din Muhammad B.

Muhammad B. ul-Hasan ut-Tusi, ^ Jl^A-oi

^jJaN yJ A^yJA^

Beg. cjjfr CJj*k»- j^! ^jo-j j >U»JU\ iiUU

This celebrated philosopher and astronomerwas born in Tus, A.II. 507, and died inBaghdad, A.H. 692. Notices on his life areto be found in the Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii.,Juz 1., p. 60, Haft Iklim, Add. 16,734, fol.407, and Majalis ul-Muminin, Add. 23,541,fol. 368. See also Jourdain, Memoire surl'observatoire de Meraghah, and Audiffret,Biographie Universelle, voce Nassir-eddyn.

He states in the preface that, havingbeen desired by the governor of Kuhistan,Nasir ud-Din 'Abd ur-Rahim B. Abi Mansur,to translate into Persian the Kitab ut-Ta-harah of Abu 'Ali B. Muhammad Ibn Mis¬kavaih (see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 745 b),he had complied with his wish by writing anabridged version of that treatise, to whichO '

he had added the ethics of civil and domesticlife, and had given to the work a title derivedfrom his patron's name.

Nasir ud-Din, surnamed Muhtasham, wasgovernor of Kuhistan under the Isma'iliprince 'Ala ud-Din Muhammad, who diedA.H. 653, and under his successor Rukn ud-Din Khwurshah. On the approach of theMoghul army in the same year, he cameout of his fortress, Sartakht, and made hissubmission to Hulagu, by whom he wasgraciously received, and appointed to a postof honour; but he was enfeebled by old age,and died shortly after, A.H. 655. SeeRashidud-Din, Jiimi' ut-Tavarikh, Add. 16,688, foL

c

442 ETHICS.

90. The author, who was then with Ruknud-Dln Kkwurshah, in Maimundiz, urgedthat prince to submit to the conqueror. Hewas employed by him in his negotiations withHulagii, and passed with him into the Mo-ghul's camp on the first of Zulka'dah, A.H.654. The circumstances of his stay at theIsmii'ili court and of his reception by Ilulaguare told in the Jiimi' ut-Tavarikh, 1. c, inBauzat us-Safa, Bombay edition, vol. v. p. 70,and in Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 80,vol. hi., Juz 1, p. 54.

In a later preface, subsequently prefixed tot he work, Nasir ud-DIn, alluding to his rescueby a powerful prince from the hands of theinfidels (Malahidah), apologizes for the praiseshe had been compelled by circumstances tobestow upon those unbelievers, and requeststhe owners of the first edition to substitutethe present preface for the former.

One only of the Museum copies, Add.25,843, contains the earlier preface, whichcontains eulogies upon 'Ala ud-Din Muham¬mad and Nasir ud-Din 'Abd ur-Rahim.

Several editions of the Akhlak i Niisirihave been published in India, Bombay, A.IT.1267, Calcutta, A.H. 1269, Lucknow, A.H.1286, Lahore, A.D. 18G5. A sketch of itscontents has been given by Lieut. B. Fris-sell in the Bombay Transactions, vol. i.pp. 17—40. See also Abul Faraj, HistoriaDynastiarum, p. 358, Fleischer, Dresden Cata¬logue, No. 343; Seiner, specimen editionislibri Dresden, 1841, and Sprcnger,Zeitschrift, vol. xiii. pp. 539—41.

The last page of the MS. contains three'Arz-DIdak, the first two of which are datedthe 13th and the 37th year of the reign (ofAurangzib).

Add. 7616.

Foil. 218 ; 9 in. by 5£; 13 lines, 3£ in.long; written in Nestalik; dated Subah of

Orissa, Muharram, A.H. 103, probably for1003 (A.D. 1594). [CI. J. Rich.]

The same work.

Add. 16,815.Foil. 243; 9 in. by 5; 14 lines, 2f in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik; datedRamazan, A.H. 1003 (A.D. 1653).

[Wm. Yule.]The same work.

Add. 18,808.Foil. 236; 9 in. by 51; 14 and 15 lines,

3| in. long, in a page, written in IndianNestalik, probably in the 17th century.

The same work.

Add. 26,290.Foil. 151; 9£ in. by 5£ ; 16 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in a cursive Indian character,in Ahmadnagar, apparently in the 17th cen¬tury. [Wm. Erskine.]

£.yA treatise on ethics.Author: Muhammad B. As'ad Davani,

^

Beg. *j* JUJL. fias$\ u**lj r Uj |,3J?_lis»lJalal ud-DIn Davani, who is also called

Siddiki, as claiming descent from Abu BakrSiddik, was reputed the greatest philosopherof his time. He was born, A.H. 830, in Da-van (spelt Davvan by Yakut), a village of thedistrict of Kazarun, in which his father, Sa'dud-Din As'ad, was Kazi, and spent the greaterpart of his life in Shlraz, dividing his timebetween his professorial duties in the Madra¬sah called Dar ul-Aitam, and his functionsas Kazi of the province of Fars. He diedA.H. 908 near Kazarun, and was buried in

ETHICS. 443

his native place. See Habib us-Siyar, vol.in., Juz 4, p. Ill, Tuhfaii i SamI, Add. 7670,fol. 46, Mirat ul-Advar, Add. 7650, fol. 229,and Majfilis ul-Muminin, Add. 16,716, fol.404.

After an eulogy on the reigning sovereign,Hasan Beg Bahadur Khan, the author statesthat he had written the present work at therequest of that prince's son, Sultan Khalil.

Hasan Beg, the founder of the Ak-Ku-yunlu dynasty, died A.H. 882, after a reignof nine years and a half. His eldest sonKhalil, who during his father's life had beengovernor of Ears, succeeded him on thethrone, from which he was soon deposed byhis brother Ya'kub Beg. See Jahaniira, Or.141, fol. 190, and Mirat ul-Advar, Add. 7650,fol. 228.

The work, which is commonly known asAkhlak i JalaTi, is divided into an introduc¬tion and the following three books, called

and subdivided into chapters, :I. Ethics proper, JpW V?>V j*> 10 b.II. Government of the family, Jp* j^si .a,fol. 83 a. III. Government of the city,^wj3 j>

fol. 100 a.The author acknowledges, fol. 144 a, that

he had drawn most of its contents fromNasir ud-Din Tusi's work, Akhlak i Nasiri.See Haj. Khal. vol. v. p. 341, and vol. i.p. 202, Stewart's catalogue, p. 51, the Munichcatalogue, p. 62, the Copenhagen catalogue,p. 6. The Akhlak i Jalali has been printedin Calcutta, A.D. 1810, and in the press ofNavalkishor, A.H. 1283. An English trans¬lation by W. E. Thompson has been publishedunder the title of " Practical Philosophy ofthe Muhammedan people," London, 1839.

Add. 25,845.Foil. 381; 7^ in. by 4|; 13 lines, 2$ in.

long ; written in a cursive Indian Nestalik,probably in the 18th century. [Wm.Ctjheton.]

The same work.

Add. 25,844.Foil. 230; 8| in. by 6 ; 11 lines, 3| in.

long; written in large Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 18th cen¬tury. [Wm. Cureton.]

(J-*? tf*^A work on ethics.

Author : Husain ul-Kashifi, JLIA^h(died A.H. 910 ; see p. 9 b.)

Beg. Oj-c j:sU»^ J* sLiob&.'x^xS- CL^-j

After mentioning, as the reigning sove¬reign, Abul-GhazT Sultan Husain, the authorpraises one of that Sultan's sons, Abul-Muh-sin, for his noble qualities, of which, ho says,he had given a signal proof by his dutiful be¬haviour when, at the first beck of his father,he left the seat of his government, Merv, tocome to Court. It was on that occasion thatthe author, having paid his respects to thePrince, wrote the present book as a suitableoffering for him, and graced it with his name.It is stated in a versified chronogram at theend that it was completed A.H. 900, a datoexpressed by the above title.

Abul-Muhsin did not long continue to de¬serve the author's commendation, for inA.H. 904 he combined with his brother, Mu¬hammad Muhsin, governor of Abivard, toraise the standard of rebellion. He was,however, defeated by his father, and subse¬quently repaired to the capital, where he re¬ceived his pardon, A.H. 906. See Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, pp. 280, 283, 260.

The Akhlak i Muhsini has been edited inHertford, 1823 and 1850, in Calcutta, inthe Selections for the use of students, 1809,and in Lucknow, A.II. 1279. An Englishtranslation by II. G. Keene has been pub¬lished in Hertford, 1851. See Garcin deTassy, Notice du traitd persan sur les vertus,dc Hussein Vaez, Paris, 1837, Krafft's cata-

c 2

• * — MMM «ET

POLITICS.444

logue, p. 183, the Copenhagen catalogue,p. 6, the Munich catalogue, p. 63, and theSt. Petersburg catalogue, p. 257.

POLITICS.

Add. 23,516.Foil. 153; 8£ in. by 4£; 17 lines, 3 in.

long ; written in Nestalik; dated Ahmadabad,Rajah, A.H. 1032 (A.D. 1623).

[Robert Taylor.]A treatise on the art of government.Author : Nizam ul-Mulk, tiJJJl \&

Beg. jj^jtfa-k-iT i£ J» j js- \j>)&~c^~il*«»T j

This celebrated Vazir, the first who borethe title of Nizam ul-Mulk, and whose propername was Abu 'Ali ul-Hasan B. 'AH, wasborn in Tus, A.H. 408. He carried on forthirty years, under Alp Arslan and MalakShah, the government of the vast empire ofthe Saljukis, until he fell under the daggerof an assassin, near Nahavand, A.H. 485.Accounts of his life will be found in IbnKhallikan, de Shane's translation, vol. i.p. 413, Kamil, vol. x., pp. 137—142, Rauzatus-Saf,i, Bombay edition, vol. iv. pp. 85—90,and Hablb us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, pp.00—93.

The present work, which is designated bythe editor in his epilogue as U~» i—jUS",

is called in the subscription ^xJ&JI ^ jx~>eiUV; M *»-\f>. It is generally known bythe title of cLÛ jX~>, which is found in theheading of another copy, Or. 1930. The sametitle is assigned to it by Haj. Khal., vol. iii.,j>. 638, who adds that it was written forMalak Shah, A.H. 469. The author of theGuzidah, who mentions it among his sources,

Add. 22,693, fol. 3 a, calls it ^ uDjUN ^jÛN. See also Melanges Asiatiques, vol. v.p. 236, vol. vi. p. 114, the Library of King'sCollege, Cambridge, No. 219, and Sir Wm.Ouseley's Collection, No. 475.

The Siyar ul-Muluk was published someyears after the author's death. The editor,Muhammad, who describes himself as the

copyist of the Royal Library, ^Ûtf'Û,and further on, fol. 151 a, sjju,ym>.jJ>- gives the following accountof its origin:—In A.H. 484, Malak Shahordered some of the great office-holders ofhis court, such as Nizam ul-Mulk, Sharaf ul-Mulk, Taj ul-Mulk, Majd ul-Mulk, and others,to submit to him in writing their ideas forthe better government of the empire and themanagement of secular and religious con¬cerns. The memoir of Nizam ul-Mulk metwith the Sultan's complete approval, andwas by his order transcribed for the royallibrary.

The work in its present shape consists offifty chapters (Fasl). Nizam ul-Mulk, whohad, according to the editor's statement,written in the first instance only thirty-nine,added subsequently eleven more, suggestedby dangers he saw threatening from certainenemies of the state, at the same time enlarg¬ing those he had previously written. Whenhe set out, A.H. 485, on his last journey toBaghdad, he left his work for transcriptionin the hands of the editor, who, after theauthor's death, did not think it advisable topublish it, until the time came when thereign of justice and Islam was restored bythe " Master of the World." At the end isa Kasldah in praise of the work of Nizam ul-Mulk, addressed to that new sovereign, whois there mentioned by name. It was Ghiyas.ud-Dln Muhammad, son of Malak Shah, whoseaccession in A.H. 498 restored for a timepeace to the distracted empire.

POLITICS. 415

The following are the headings of thechapters : —

jjle â* } fy 3j i^Jbo &y\ tl*-»»o lj^\jJlt J s>\ r

yj^.j ^Li £jj*fi» j ^bjlîib 1^****^ jJHsMjî^ r

J J J^* ^ 10

jJ^m a^bb^ b t;Jl>-*rt ;j j Ûlaii* .jj^ o

jjU-J^ 4 j jjboki- j ybuoli' J\j»^ yjÛiO 1

ylttfj* jijjj

ÛjJ jjijj j <usi" J*b> JU yA^jiPl v

^^r 4 3 d>~* w**"^ J a*/ Lr*jjri ^ *

uJla^j CJ_j.J ^b^j^ l

till* ^j^j j yU^l* j t-jk>-U>jiil I .

jtf,^ jl LpU* j V^r* uP^*^ j^"^ jA^ ' 1iXmi *ji

CÛ^ JîJ^ yiilL-y ir

^^.O^JO^ ^^^Jl-JJO j îlX-y ybjyj*. jJo\ |r

tôSj j tiii*

«^**J^ J? (bi^Jj) g^rf

<jybij& j J.'—^ U^JjjJ (j^kblo-^.jjl 10

J 1J* J*Jj J O 0 ^ J* J./j 11

i-LU* w &bp j uW^j^^ ,v

J^jl> J (^b.Ub U yli^ £jj } \JÔ I a

^HjI <^r? j y^y*^^ 11

^1 J £ff jjjl !*•

^Lijljb j J\j»^jijjl ri

t;pLlb 4^»-b>>jjj^ rr

jSCiJ J\y»-\ tî^b ^jjj.w^ rr

5 ^j lS yZib J u"->- y*-*»b j^jl rr5

yU^fe JM.

h-H&>j

j'u bUiy ^^JLibj^l r <

JtSij ^zj b C-^>-j m<-£ort

j»b>j jÛ. w ibjb u^y ^jjl rv

^1 j »-r*yy j 1-r'|/^ ,A

C*J>y u/jV'' j u^'Ab MlImJa-

jfft-» j iili>- l!*5 I j j J-^ 1 jÎ»-b W J»*^ y b ^j^JiJ b ti ,i>/' L->l-fr j±>\ rrtlS

O^J* J J u>Û-.b, b j*\ rr

yli»ib C-j yLj w ^ ^bPjjjl rH=

w ^ba*J*>- ^lij^S^ jiiM re

w \*laft* gUai\ yi^Lbuia-^jjj^ n

iislliib bjjtfjij u <s/b w-^liij^jl rv

C^*>U-» ljUmi! j yjj;^ •"r'^f J rA

/ J i/j^ J j> »^b rl

(jt^ »iap\5j^ jbt-»lfl3\ I*.

\ju ^k*cj yiyy b \J(J liii J^-ft^^jjJI |*|

lir 4 * J ^ J-^ 1

C**^, ,,yllb sKi j J*\ Jjmj^ »<rsLm)

V

î.S jii' liiU ^,1 ^bjbj^do J\^»>\ ^

a31 j»^L*i\

JîHr^y 3 y Cir" ^^ *y 'ikUa- ^^dJÂ

j^'Asij^ ÛL-.^ yi" j \±xut <gjj*j£\ re

U^****Û^S^y J tjW'^V J 1 ^ l" 1

j ^ j u^j^- j -j j Jl/ Ci^b^ j i_î«

wVsVj'^ j j 1 (y** c.J>" j& ^

s^jji W T c-ojiy j »J*b j ^yj^b «bji-jjj^ fa

t!)2&touJboi^ _j Jii. yiSjbY'jjj^ rl

eiT J- 5 j J 1-* j V^- 3- ÎjAbo jjjl o.

446 POLITICS.

The work is written in plain and archaiclanguage. It contains many historical nar¬ratives and anecdotes relating to formerdynasties, especially to the Abbasides, Al iBuvaih, Samanis and Ghaznavis. Sometimesthe author relates incidents of his own life,as for instance, fol. 62 a, his sending a secretemissary to watch and report upon the pri¬vate utterances of the envoy of Shams ul-Mulk, Khan of Mavara un-Nahr. Chapters44—47 have a special historical value; theytreat of the rising of some subversive sects,such as the followers of Mazclak, the Batinis,Karmatis, and Khurramdinan.

On fol. 151 5, is found a subscriptiontranscribed from an earlier MS., which isstated to have been written in the town ofUrmiyah, A.II. 564, by order of the AmirHajib Alp Jamal ud-Din.

Or. 256.Foil. 93; 7£ in. by 4j ; 11 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in neat Nestalik; dated Sha'-ban, A.H. 1127 (A.D. 1716).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]Counsels of Nizam ul-Mulk to his son,

Eakhr ul-Mulk, respecting the responsibilitiesof the Vazirate, illustrated by incidents ofhis own life, and various historical anecdotes.

It appears from the preface, which isslightly defective at the beginning, that thework was dedicated to an Amir Eakhr ud-Din

Hasan, jyjujl jj.wa!^ ^ ^.^1 3 eJj^l ^ Jf *\

£\ y-i^j *J*M ^Xi on his appointment asVazir (in whose reign is not stated). Thegenealogy of that personage is traced up tothe great Nizam ul-Mulk,who was his ancestorin the twelfth degree. It shows also that theVazir's great-grandsire, Amir Mu'izz, hadbeen Sahib Divan, or first Vazir, to Tughii-timur, who reigned in Khorasan from A.H.735—753. (See Jahfmara, and Hafiz xlbru, fol.298.) Erom this it may be inferred that the

work was written in the ninth century of theHijrah. The compiler, whose name doesnot appear, states that he had drawn thecontents partly from books, and partly fromtraditions handed down in his family, whichwas also descended from Nizam ul-Mulk.

Eakhr ul-Mulk (Abul-Muzaffar 'All), towhom the counsels are addressed, was theeldest son of Nizam ul-Mulk. AppointedVazir by Barkyaruk, A.H. 488, he afterwardsheld the same office under Sanjar in Naisha-pur, until he was assassinated, like his father,A.H. 500. See Kamil, vol. x., pp. 172, 287.

The work, which is designated in the pre¬

face as "the Counsels," ^jLoi, is more gene¬rally known by the name of \& ^bloj,by which it is referred to in the Bauzat us-Safa (Notices et Extraits, vol. ix. p. 149, andthe Hablb us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 91).Compare Hammer, History of the Assassins,p. 45, and Melanges Asiatiques, vol. vi.,p. 115. Several extracts, translated by aMunshi, will be found, under the title ofMajma'i Wasaya, in Sir H. Elliot's History,vol. ii. pp. 485—504.

Contents: Preface, fol. 4 a. Mukaddimah.Notice on the life of Nizam ul-Mulk, fol. 5 b.Easl I. Warnings against the dangers of theVazirate, fol. 13 a. Easl II. Rules and du¬ties of the Vazirate, fol. 42 b.

Another copy, Add. 26,267, begins asfollows:

^J jd t£ CLs.*Jj ^feUob Ob^' <—A short notice on the work is prefixed to

the present volume, foil. 2, 3. It is signedj^i, and dated Dehli, April 17, 1866.

Nayyir i Rakhshan is the nom de plume ofNavvab Muhammad Ziya ud-Din AhmadKhan, son of Navvab Ahmad Bakhsh Khan,a distinguished scholar and poet of Dehli, towhom Sayyid Ahmad Khan has devoteda notice in his Asiir us-Sanadid, vol. iv.p. 152.

POLITICS.

Or. 254.Poll. 72; Of in. by 4£; 15 lines, 2$ in.

long ; written in neat Nestalik, apparentlyin the 15th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

A work treating of the duties of kings andthe art of government.

Author: Islam B. Ahmad B. Muhammad

ul-Ghazzall, [sic] JfoH] ^> ^ p&JBeg. £*\yo L-jbj\ ^U-^ t£ ij±+>-The preface contains a wordy panegyric on

the reigning sovereign, Amir Sultan Husain.It includes a Kasidah in his praise by Sal¬man, the court poet of the Ilkanis, whichleaves no doubt as to his identity. SultanHusain was the son of Shaikh Uvais, the se¬cond prince of the Ilkani dynasty. He as¬cended the throne in Tabriz, after his father'sdeath, in A.II. 776, and was put to death,after a short and chequered reign, A.II. 784,by his brother, Sultan Ahmad. See Rauzatus-Safa, vol. v., p. 172, and Habib us-Siyar,vol. iii., Juz 1, p. 137.

It is stated in the preface that the workhad been originally written in Greek by Aris¬totle, and that the present version was madefrom the Arabic by order of Sultan Husain.A legendary account of Alexander and his" Vazir," the sage Aristotle, ^^lUk^foil. 15 a —25 b, is prefixed to the treatise,which purports to contain the precepts ad¬dressed by that philosopher to his sovereign.

The work is written in prolix and ornateprose, interspersed with numerous verses.The present copy is imperfect at the end.

The MS. is endorsed cuikU! C£)^~>, and onthe first page is written the following title:

11^ p^" 1^.^ ^\jt$\ t_Jui*x5 ^yc L-^Vj^ Ijj»jdaLJl (JjjL* »hjM ^J\j&\ ^

The same page is covered with the notesand seals of former owners. One of thelatter contains the name of an Amir ofShahjahan's reign with the date 105 i, whilesome of the more recent belong to the kingsof Oude.

Add. 7618.Poll. 250; lOf in. by 9; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins; dated A.II. 990(A.D.1588). [Cl.J. Rich.]

eJjUM EjJ^bA treatise on political ethics, and the rules

of good government.Author : 'Ah B. ush-Shihab ul-IIamadani,

J^&\ <~>\&1\ u> Js.Beg. bf\j^jilc Oj.*i>-jl»£^ efUS 1 J, *>"

(ji'jKO U->Uu*>^

Amir Sayyid 'Ali B. Shihab ud-Din B.Mir Sayyid Muhammad ul-Husaini, of Ha-madan, a celebrated saint, and founder ofan order of Sufis, led the itinerant life of aDarvlsh, and is said to have visited all partsof the Muslim world. He is especially knownas the apostle of Kashmir, which he entered,in A.H. 781, with a train of seven hundredfollowers, and where he acquired great in¬fluence on the Sultan Kutb ud-Din. Hespent in that country the last years of his life,died shortly after setting out on his return toPersia, on the 6th of Zulhijjah, A.II. 780, atthe age of seventy-three, and was buried inKhuttilan. Notices on his life will be foundin Javahir ul-Asrar, Add. 7007, fol. 121,Majalis ul-Muminin, Add. 23,548, fol. 340,Nafahat ul-Uns, Calcutta ed., p. 515, Ha¬bib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 87, Vaki'ati Kashmir, Add. 26,282, fol. 40, and New-all, History of Cashmere, Journal of theAsiatic Society of Bengal, vol. xxiii., p. 414,and vol. xxxiii., p. 278. Some of his worksare mentioned in the Arabic Catalogue, 400 a.

The Zakhirat ul-Muluk is divided into tenbooks (Bab). Its contents have been statedby Haj. Khal., vol. iii., p. 329, Tornberg, Up-sala catalogue, p. 290, and Pliigel, Viennacatalogue, vol. iii., p. 284. Compare Stewart,p. 50, Uri, p. 273, and the Leyden catalogue,vol. iv., p. 220.

448 POLITICS.

Add. 16,818.Foil. 218; 9£ in. by 5; 17 lines, 3in.long;

written in Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins,apparently in the 16th century. [ Wm. Yule.]

The same work.

Or. 253.Toll. 173 ; 9 in. by 5 ; 21 lines, 3 in. long;

written in small Naskhi; dated Ramazan,A.H. 1089 (A.D. 1678.)

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

eJ^U d>*A treatise on the mode of governing in ac¬

cordance with the Muslim law.Author: Fazl B. Ruzbahan Isfahan!, J^ii

J\Li>\ yjVj^j y?1

Beg. <—^ CJXo i^fVi {jd <—>UN siThe occasion on which the work was

written is told at great length in the preface.After the death of Abu-l-Fath MuhammadShaibanl Khan, at Merv, A.H. 916, a the TJz-bak princes l'etired to Turkistan, and Mavara-un-nahr, invaded by the Chaghatai forcesunder Babar, became overspread with heresyand perverse practices. When, two years later,Abu-l-Ghaz! 'Ubaid-Ullah Khan resolved toattempt the recovery of the lost kingdom, heperformed, in Muharram, A.H. 918, a pil¬grimage to the tomb of Khwajah AhmadYasavi, and there took a solemn vow that, ifsuccessful, he would conform in every act ofhis rule with the behests of divine law. Heattacked Bukhara a few days later, and com¬pletely routed Babar, who had brought fromSamarkand superior forces against him.After re-establishing Uzbak rule throughoutMavara-un-nahr and taking his residence in

» See Memoirs of Baber, translated by Wm. Erskine,p. 239 seqq.

Bukhara, he sent for the author, then livingin Samarkand, who by his desire wrote thepresent work in order to assist the youngsovereign in the performance of his vow.

The author adds that he sets forth on everypoint the teaching of the Hanafi and Shafi'ischools.

'Ubaid Ullah Khan, more commonly knownas Ubaid Khan, was the son of Mahmud Sul¬tan, a brother of Shaiban! Khan. He was themost powerful Uzbak chief during the reign ofKuchkunji Khan, A.H. 916—936, and a for¬midable foe to Shah Isma il and Tahmasp,whose dominions he repeatedly invaded. Hewas raised to the Khanship A.H. 940, and diedA.H. 946. See Erskine, History of Indiaunder Baber, vol. i. pp. 309, 322, and Rauzatut-Tahirin, Or. 168, p. 365.

The work is divided into an Introductionand fifteen chapters (Bab), as follows:Miikaddimah. Legal meaning of the titlesImam, Sultan, Amir, and VazTr, fol. 14 b.Bab. I. Maintenance of the law; appoint¬ment of the Shaikh ul-Islam and Muftis, fol.19 b. II. Appointment of Kazis and theirduties, fol. 31 b. II. Appointment of theMuhtasibs and their functions, fol. 54 a.IV. Appointment of Daroghahs, watchmen,vali-mazalim, and frontier guards, fol. 65 a.V. Public alms (Sadakfit), fol. 78 b. VI.Tithes and imposts, fol. 93 a. VII. Treasure-trove and heirless estates, fol. 112 b. VIII.Penal laws, fol. 120 b. IX. Observance ofpilgrimage, Friday-assemblies, festivals, etc.,fol. 134 a. X. Repression of mutinies, fol.144 a. XI. Religious war, fol. 148 a. XII.Booty and its division, fol. 154 b. XIII. Lawsconcerning renegades, fol. 160 b. XIV.Treatment of Zimmis (Christians and Jews),fol. 164 b. XV. Engagements contractedwith unbelievers, fol. 170 a.

The end of Bab XIV. and the beginning ofthe next are wanting.

MATHEMATICS. 449

MATHEMATICS.

Add. 23,570.Foil. 136; 6f in. by 3|; written in minute

Nestalik; dated Yazd, A.H. 1014—1018(A.D. 1605—1609). [Robert Taylor.]

A collection of mathematical tracts, mostlyArabic (see Arabic Catalogue, p. 622). Thefollowing is Persian.

Toll. 117—133 ; 17 lines, If in. long.

<JU*> sXrtyA manual of geometry, translated from an

Arabic work entitled (_r ji«tJI J'i^lTranslator: Mahmud B. Muhammad B.

Muhammad B. Kivam ul-KazT ul-Yabashta'I,commonly called Mahmud ul-Haravi ul-Hai'avi, ÛiN Jy ^ dâ? ^ o^**?

l?}^ [sic] ^tslfljHBeg. (jjIj ^ o-V* Jc?- J ^ i_s^

^j-^t dThe translator calls the author of the

work Shams ud-Din Sayyid Hakim Sa¬markand!. (According to Haj. Khal., vol. i.p. 322, it was Muhammad B. Ashraf us-Sa-markandi, who died about A.H. 600.) Hededicates his translation to an Amir Jamfdud-Din Sultan Husain, in whose honour hegave it the above title.

That prince's name is preceded by the fol¬lowing titles: Ay>\ ^>\s\ J&PS liSjj^ j^ cJWj OjUl si'i> ' ^rom w bich itwould appear that he was not a sovereign,but a provincial governor.

The translation is divided, like the original,into a Mukaddimah and thirty-five theoremsJii>, the last of which is imperfect at theend.

The original work, Askkal ut-Ta'sis, waswritten A.H. 593. See Casiri, vol. i. p. 380.A commentary upon it by Kazi Ziidah ismentioned in the St. Petersburg Catalogue,p. 119.

VOL. II.

Add. 7693.Foil. 72; 7 in. by 4|; 13 lines, 2\ in. long;

written in neat Nestalik, with TJnvan, ap¬parently in the 17th century. [Cl. J. Bich.]

A treatise on some ingenious arithmeticaloperations invented by the author.

Author : Khalil B. Ibrahim, J»t\j>\ j>

Beg. j\ c^J s£ CL*~Jjj^>- l^ -* s j^*uIÂaO j\

The work is divided into a Mukaddimah,ten chapters (Fasl), and a Khatimah. Thisis the treatise which is apparently twicementioned by Haj. Khal., vol. vi. p. 29, undertwo different forms of the author's name;it is attributed in the first instance to Jî}\wioJ\ j^-, and in the second to Khali B.Ibrahim, as in the present copy. As thehonorific title Khair ud-Din is commonlycoupled with the name of Khalil, it is veryprobable that both belonged to one andthe same writer. The author states in thepreface that he wrote the treatise at therequest of some friends, and that it owedits success to its appearance in the aus¬picious days of the great Sultan MuhammadB. Murad B. Muhammad {i.e. MuhammadII., A.H. 825—855).

Add. 5649.Foil. 86; lOf in. by 7|; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Calcutta,Zulhijjah, A.H. 1190 (A.D. 1777).

[Nath. Brassey Halued.]

Lllavati, a treatise on algebra and geo¬metry, translated from the Sanskrit.

Translator : Faizi,D

450 MATHEMATICS.

Be g- ffc* J£j Jj^?>J u^.^j

Shaikh Abul-Eaiz, with the poetical sur¬name of Eaizi, which he subsequently alteredto Eayyazi, was the eldest son of ShaikhMubarak Naguri, and the brother of Abul-Eazl. He was born in Agra, A.H. 954, be¬came a great favourite of Akbar, who be¬stowed upon him the title of Malik ush-Shu'ara, or poet laureate, and died on the10th of Safar, A.H. 1004. The present workis mentioned by Abul-Eazl, among varioustranslations made for Akbar, in the A'in iAkbari, vol. i. p. 116. The same authorgives notices of Eaizi's life, with copious ex¬tracts from his poetical compositions, in theAkbar Namah, vol. iii. pp. 716—738, and inthe A'in i Akbari, vol. i. p. 235, while Ba-daoni inveighs against him with the bitterrancour of Muhammadan bigotry, in Mun-takhab ut-Tavarikh, vol. iii. pp. 299—310,a passage translated in Elliot's History,vol. v. pp. 544—9. See also Mir'at ul-'Alam, Add. 7657, fol. 452, and Blochmann,translation of A'in i Akbari, vol. i. p. 490.

After a panegyric on Akbar, by whose orderthe translation was written, Eaizi states inthe preface that the Hindi (i.e. Sanskrit) ori¬ginal was due to Bhaskaracharya j^jL^) ,of the city of Bedar, in the Deccan. Thetime of composition, he adds, is not exactlyknown; but an astronomical treatise of the

same author, entitled J&^/ uj $Lj, had beenwritten in the year 1105 of Salivfihan, i.e. 373years before the " current year," namely the32nd of the Ilahi era (A.H. 995—6). The pre¬face concludes with a legend on a daughter ofBhaskara called Lilavati, and on the circum¬stance which led to the composition of thebook of the same name.

The Sanskrit text has been printed in Cal¬cutta, 1832, and English translations havebeen published by John Taylor, Bombay, 1816,and by H. Colebrooke, London, 1817. Eaizi's

version has been printed in Calcutta, 1828.Eor accounts of Bhaskara's mathematicalworks see Edward Strachey, " Early Historyof Algebra," Asiatic Researches, vol. xii.pp. 159—185, and " Observations on themathematical science of the Hindoos, withextracts from Persian translations of theLeelawuttee and Beej Gunnit," Calcutta,1805, Colebrooke's Miscellaneous Essays,vol. ii. pp. 419—450, and A. Weber, Vorle-sungen, p. 231.

The present volume contains marginalnotes by N. B. Halhed, extracts fromwhich by J. H. Hindley are preserved inAdd. 7032.

Add. 16,869.Poll. 156; 8| in. by 5 ; 13 lines, 3 in.

long ; written in Indian Shikastah-amiz;dated Shahjahanabad, Jumfida I., A.II. 1141(A.D. 1728). [Wm. Yule.]

C^f^A treatise on algebra, translated from the

Sanskrit Vijaganita of Bhaskaracharya.Translator: 'Ata Ullah Bashidi B. Ahmad

Nadir, .ali ±+>-\ ^ c?^-^ *M p ^Beg. l_r +f\ (jS*Lju»j Jjl

^ L^* UJThe translator states that he wrote this

work in A.H. 1044, the 8th year of Shahja-han, to whom it is dedicated. It is dividedinto a Mukaddimah and five Makalahs. Thesame translation is noticed by Aumer, MunichCatalogue, p^ 136.

Eor editions and translations of the Vija¬ganita see Zenker, Bibl. Orient, vol. ii. p. 340.

Add. 16,744.roll. 113; 8f in. by 0|; from 13 to 19

lines, 4 in. long; written in cursive IndianNcstalik, dated Ska'ban, the 7th year ofEarrukhsiyar, A.II. 1130 (A.D. 1718).

[Wm. Yule.]

MATHEMATICS. 451

I. Foil. 3—56.

c-**Â treatise on arithmetic, translated from

the Arahic treatise entitled (_jL^ Loî-, byBaha ud-Din Muhammad B. Husain 'Amili(d. 1031; see Arabic Catalogue, p. 622 b.)

Translator : Lutf Ullah Muhandis B. Us-tad Ahmad Mi'miir Lahauri, »^ <~&*1

(j-j^jl,** &L*\ ,j>\

Beg. g&\ <_ala) ^jJii &>j£x* U\ . . . &13 iî^(__j*>ii.*^*

The translator is known as the author ofa rhymed abridgment of DaulatshFdi's Taz-kirah. He uses ^ys'j.^ as his Takhallus.See Oude Catalogue, pp. 116, 122.

He states that he wrote the present trans¬lation by desire of the noble Sayyid Mir Mu¬hammad Sa'id B. Mir Mujhammad Yahya, andthat the above title conveys the date of com¬position, viz. A.H. 1092.

II. Poll. 57—99.*

j\j K*3^~>-

A treatise in verse on arithmetic, mensura¬tion, and algebra, in ten sections (Bab).

Author: \Ata Ullah B. Ustad Ahmad

Mi'mar jl*** <y^\ ^Vu**>\ ^> &U\ Ua&, a brother ofthe preceding, and probably identic with thetranslator of Bijganit (p. 450 b).

Beg. Jjj r ) sjo ^ Jj\ A^lyThe author begins with eulogies on Shah

Jahan and Prince Dara-Shikuh, to the latterof which the work is dedicated.

III. Foil. 100—107.A treatise on the properties of numbers

u^ly., in four Makalahs, by Lutf UllahMuhandis; see Art. I.

Beg. âjjsf* *1M juj ±>j<x« , . . «Ut^s'y^

ASTKONOMY.Add. 7697.

Foil. 157; 9£ in. by 6£; 21 lines, 4| in.long; written in fair Naskhi; dated Ramazan,A.H. 685 (A.D. 1286). [CI. J. Rich.]

^ £\p ^\ Â treatise on astronomy.Author: Abu Eaihan Muhammad B. Ah¬

mad ul-BirunT, (ijji-jJ! <*->-\ ^ w ^ tf\Beg. W UJ iV^ J^^r j ^jy*

to which the following heading is prefixed:ij :j x-y)\ lyt=-\ ^ iXts? w ls^j y>\ i}\j*Jt\ y&ji ^su>

^■s-ii^c ^j>.J^ \) AiiZ>\ j* aoJp &h

Al-Biruni, the celebrated philosopher, andcontemporary of Ibn Sina, was born in thecity of Khwarazm, A.H. 362, and was socalled, according to Sam'ani, Add. 23,355,fol. 98, from " Biriin," the outskirts of the

town, p^j> jrj±- tj\ . . . (J^yJUiM.He lived at the courts of Kabus B. Vash-magir, prince of Jurjan, who reigned A. II.388—403, and of Abul-'Abbas Mamun B.Mamun, the last of the independent rulers ofKhwarazm, who was put to death by rebelsA.H. 407. Having repaired, shortly after,to Ghaznah, al-Biruni spent the rest of his lifeunder the patronage of the Ghaznavi Sultans,Mahmud and Mas'ud, whom he accompaniedin their Indian campaigns. He died inGhaznah, A.H. 440. See Professor Sachau'sintroduction to " Chronologie OrientalischerVolker von Alberuni," pp. 1—38, Eeinaud,Introduction a la Geographic d'Aboulfdda,pp. 95—8, and Sir H. Elliot's notice, enlargedby Professor Dowson, History of India,vol. ii. pp. 1—8.

The author, after remarking that, beforeentering upon the investigation of astro¬nomical problems, it was necessary to makeone's self acquainted with the configuration of

B 2

452 ASTRONOMY.

heaven and earth, and the technical termsused by astronomers, states that he hadwritten the present elementary treatise atthe request of Raihanah, daughter of al¬ii asan, of Khwarazm, and had set forth init, by questions and answers, the principlesof geometry and arithmetic, the figure of theworld, and judicial astrology,

The text is divided into short sections bythe questions, which are written in red, asheadings. A table of these sections (Bub),530 in number, occupies foil. 1—7. Thework contains numerous diagrams, astrono¬mical tables, and drawings of the constella¬tions. These last fill twenty-seven pages,foil. 41—54. Some leaves are wanting afterfol. 140; the lacune extends from Bab 475to Bab 481.

The date of composition is fixed by a pas¬sage of the chronological section, fol. 98 a,in which the author states the very day onwhich he was writing; this was the 25th ofRamazan, All. 420 (in another copy, Add.23,506, A.H. 425).

The Tafhim is extant in a Persian and anArabic edition, neither of which purports tohave been translated from the other. Twocopies of the latter are preserved in the Bod¬leian library ; their contents, which perfectlyagree with those of the Persian edition, havebeen fully stated by Nicoll, pp. 262—268.

The above title, which is found in the sub¬scription of the present copy, is nearly thesame as that by which the author designatesthe work in his Fihrist (Sachau's introduc¬

tion, p. 44), viz. -jj^' &frU*o Jjlji) j.xji-lSl Îj^.This last form is given by Haj. Khal., vol. ii.p. 385, who adds that the work had beenwritten, A.H. 421, for Abul-Hasan 'AllB. Abil-Pazl ul-KMssI, a notice probablyapplying to another recension of the samework.

The present copy was written by Ibn ul-

Ghulam ul-Ku.niyavi t^j-iy*)! î], -whowrote also, as has been noticed by ProfessorSachau,p.xv.,the valuable Leyden MS. (Cata¬logue, vol. ii. p. 296), containing an accountof Razi's and Biruni's works, written by thelatter, and dated A.H. 692.

On the first page is a note by a formerowner, whose name has been erased, statingthat he had purchased the MS. in Slvas,A.H. 732.

Add. 23,566.Poll. 79; 11 in. by 1\ ; 23 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the19th century. [Robert Taylor.]

The same work.This copy has, instead of the preface, a

short doxology, which begins thus: 4JlCLAjOT*^ 0\j^JJ e±>.j Jjw. ^jJ\

There arc two lacunes in the body of thework, viz. one after fol. 72, extending fromBab 478 to 489 (according to the numerationfound in the table of Add. 7697), and anotherafter fol. 76, extending from Bab 513 to 523.The language is, to some extent, modernized.

Add. 7700.Poll. 69; 8| in. by 5±; 27 lines, 3| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, apparentlyin the 15th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

*gyL5 ci-^JUji jjojJc*A compendious manual on the computa¬

tion of the almanack, by Nasir ud-Din Tusi(see above, p. 441 b), with a commentary,the author of which is not named.

Beg. of the manual: c-j^wj^ c^-^-oSi*

J.*ai ^j* j> Jî.* f}-)'*-*The work is divided into thirty chapters

(Pasl), and, from that circumstance, it hasbecome generally known as Si Pasl, J-aiIts contents have been stated in the ViennaJahrbucher, vol. 67, Anzeigcblatt, p. 44,

ASTRONOMY. 453

Bodleian Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 300, andVienna Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 490. See alsoHaj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 642, and the LeydenCatalogue, vol. iii. p. 148. An Arabic ver¬sion is noticed in the Arabic Catalogue,p. 188 a.

The work was written, as incidentallystated by the author, Fasl 22, fob 55, inA.H. 658, that is to say, as the commen¬tator remarks, some time before the com¬mencement of the observations in Mariighah,which extended from A.H. 800 to 872.

In the preface, which is somewhat de¬fective at the beginning, the commentator,after describing the gradual steps by whichmen were led to the observation of themotions of the heavenly bodies, bewails thesad neglect of astronomy in his day, andcomplains that, in spite of his long anddistant travels, he had not succeeded in meet¬ing with a competent master of that science.

From a passage, fol. 56 a, in which thecommentator indicates the positions of theplanets for A.H. 824, it appears that thiswas the year in which he wrote.

filj\xu»\ Csbj** j-5 A> 0-~0 V*

Or. 1585.Foil. 38; 1\ in. by 4|; 11 lines, 2 in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Jumada H,A.H. 1079 (A.D. 1668).

[Sir Henry C. Kawlinson.JA treatise on the astrolabe, without author's

name. It is the well known manual ofNasir ud-Din Tusi, which, from its divisioninto twenty chapters (Bab), is known underthe name of Blst Bab, i_^b c^—xj. SeeHaj. Khal., vol. ii. p. 83, Uri, p. 287, theSt. Petersburg Catalogue, pp. 112, 306, andthe Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 9.

Add. 22,752.Foil. 136; 8J in. by 5J; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long ; written in Nestalik ; dated A.H. 1221(A.D. 1806).

A commentary on Nasir ud-Din Tusl'streatise on the astrolabe, with the text.

Author: AM ul-'Ali B. Muhammad ul-

Barjandi, ^is-j-M *x*** ^ jac-

Beg. j& J'-iU wli>- _j k—>o i__Aki- sj£MJ>

Nizam ud-Din Abd ul-Ali ul-Barjandi wasa pupil of Mansur B. Mu'in ud-Din Kaski,and of Saif ud-Din Taftazani, the Shaikh ul-Islam of Herat (who died A.H. 916). Hewrote commentaries upon the Tazkirah ofNasir ud-Din Tusi, the Tahrir Majisti of thesame author, and upon the Zij of Ulugh Beg(this last is dated A.H. 929; see p. 457 b).He left also a treatise on the distances andsizes of planets, dedicated to Habib Ullah,Yazirof Khorasan (see p. 98 a), and anotheron the construction of almanacks, which wascompleted in A.H. 883, and which has beenlithographed in Tabriz (?), A.H. 1276. Theauthor of Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 4,p. 117, writing A.H. 930, speaks of him asstill living, and he is mentioned in Mir'at ul-Advar among the great scholars of the reignof Tahmasp. See also Uri, p. 284, the St.Petersburg Catalogue, p. Ill, and Haj. Khal.,vol. iv. p. 471.

A short preface is followed by an introduc¬tion MM*, foil. 7 b —10 b, containing defini¬tions of technical terms. The commentatormentions, fol. 129 a, some tables of the posi¬tions of stars calculated by himself forthe year 853 of Yazdajird (A.H. 889—890).He states at the end that the date of com¬position of the commentary is expressed bythe name of the month <j^r in which itwas completed. That name, as written i n theMS., gives 899, but, if we read accord¬ing to the usual spelling, the date would beA.H. 890.

This copy was written, as stated in the sub-

454 ASTRONOMY.

scription, for Abu'l-Eath Sultan-Muhammad,called Shah Khudabandah, a descendant ofthe Safavis who fled to India A.H. 1205, andsettled in Lucknow ; see p. 133 b. Poll.1 b —5 a and 133 b —130 a contain someadditional tables.

Add. 7698.Poll. 102 ; 9J in. by 6$ ; 21 lines, 4g in.

long ; written in fair Nasklu, apparently inthe 14th century. [Cl. J. Ricii.J

63The astronomical tables constructed by

order of Ilkhan, i.e. Ilulagu, by Nasir ud-DinTusI, ^^jt^j

Beg. J\j3 ^j*. .... Uffj »M x+J)j\i> Oy lj yli- jSoo-

After giving a short account of ChingizKhan and his successors down to Ilulagu,the author states that the latter prince, afterrescuing him, NasTr of Tus, from the land ofthe Mulhids (Isma'ilis), and appointing himhis chief astronomer, had called togetherother adepts to assist him in the work, viz.Pakhr ud-DTn Maraghi from Mausil, Mu'ay-yid ud-DTn 'Urzi from Damascus, Pakhr ud-Din Khalati from Tiflis, and Najm ud-DinDabiran from Kazvin. Having selected thesite of Maraghah, and provided the requisitebuildings and instruments, the astronomerscommenced a series of observations, whichwere completed under Abakii Khan, andNasir ud-Din compiled their results in thepresent tables, which he presented to thereigning sovereign.

The author then proceeds to review theearlier tables to which they had referred forcomparison, namely those of Hipparchus,1400 and some years anterior to the begin¬ning of their observations, of Ptolemy, 285years laterthan Hipparchus, of al-Mamun, 430and some years before their own time, of al-Battani, somewhat later in Syria, of al-Hakim

in Egypt, and of Ibn al-A'lam in Baghdad,the latter two being 250 years earlier thanthe present tables.

The work is divided into four books (Ma-kalah), as follows : I. On eras, in a Mukad-dimah and two Babs, fol. 3 b. It treats of theChinese era ttJ & the eras of the Greeks,Arabs, and Persians, and that of Malakshfih.II. On the motions of the planets, and theirposition in longitude and latitude, in thirteenEasls, fol. 21 b, with tables, full. 30—82.III. On the determination of the times and

of the horoscopes of each time, c^lijl e^J,** Jt>j_j.jL.jj jt> in fourteen Easls, fol. 83 b;tables, foil. 90—110. IV. On other astro¬nomical operations, in two Babs : Bab 1. onhoroscopes of nativity, in seven Easls, fol.Ill b, with tables, foil. 116—119. ' Bab 2.Prognostics connected with the ascendant ofthe world, S^o J\s> jJUaj jJjo J£ta Jt>,foil. 120 a—122 b.

Poll. 123—152 contain various additionaltables, with explanations in Arabic and Per¬sian, and foil. 153—160 an Arabic tract,with the heading u>j/01 Jj<W^ J**N

\ LfiSt 1*}The appointment of Nasir ud-Din by Ilu¬

lagu, A.H. 657, and the erection of theobservatory, are recorded in the Jami* ut-Tavarikh. See Add. 16,688, fol. 105, Quatre-mere, Beshid eddin, p. 325, and Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 1, p. 59.

In the last work, p. 61, the Zij of Nasirud-Din is designated by the name of

M \j instead of its usual title JAakl .See Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 561, Jourdain,Magazin Encyclopedique, 1809, vol. vi. p. 97,and the Leyden Catalogue, vol. iii. p. 149.A table of longitudes and latitudes, extractedfrom it, has been edited by John Greaves,who published in the same year, London,1652, the introduction of a commentaryupon it by Mahmud Shah Khulji, under the

ASTRONOMY. 455

title of Astronomica qusedam ex traditioneShah Cholgii Persae. An Arabic version ofthe Zij i Ilkhani is mentioned by Uri, p. 195.

Add. 11,636.Poll. 69; 8| in. by 5* ; 27 lines, 4f in.

long; written in Naskhi; dated Baghdad,Rabr II., A.II. 795 (A.D. 1393).

& &

An enlarged recension of the precedingwork.

Author: Al-Hasan B. ul-Husain B. ul-Hasan Shahanshah us-Simnam ul-Munajjim,

^■s~^ JVx^J\ slJLî ^J.^ u> U ^J^ ^ ^-s^This is the author's autograph, as shown by

the following subscription: J-î-J l^\L$J1 âio ,J>\j!>\ ^j, t&jj> t^****"j jjô «U\(_^H»*J\ • • . ^^jX^J} (^J tiT**^^ _} &f>^

jUAj pLJ\ *jjA»j IâKjL-* llaô ^J\j3 <d!\ t\±t> p*^"*Ôli^Jl w * jJUj AW l^-y

His name appears again, in a more com¬plete form, in the signature of an Ijazah, orlicence, on the opposite page, dated in themiddle of Muharram, A.M. 796. This licencewas granted by the author to an astronomercalled Shihab ud-Din Abd Ullah, with whomhe had read the Zij i Ilkhani in Tabriz, A.II.788. On the same page is written, by anotherhand: ^\ Jl^ Kfty* ki-

Ûv"After praising the original work, which he

had tested by his own observations, the editorstates in the preface, the first page of whichis wanting, that a desire to facilitate its useto beginners had induced him to prepare thepresent Tauzih, or "lucid exposition," inwhich, while eliminating some superfluousportions, he had inserted useful explanations,and some supplementary tables of his owncomposition.

The Tauzih is divided, like the originalwork, into four Makalahs. The MS., how¬ever, is very defective, and contains only thefollowing portions: Makfdah I. The Mukad-dimah and Pasls 1—4, fol. 2 b. MakfdahIII. Pasls 12—14, fol. 8 a. Makfdah IV.,fol. 8 b. Supplementary tables, to which astatement of their contents is prefixed, foil.16 a —68.

Add. 7703.Poll. 31; 8 in. by 5^; 19—23 lines, 3^

in. long; written by two hands, apparentlyin the 18th century. [01. J. Rich.]

dUJA short manual on the use of the astro¬

labe, divided into fifty short sections (Bab),a table of which is given at the beginning.

Author: Nasir ud-Din Ahmad B. Muham¬

mad ShlrazI, ^j^S* ^ ^.^W j-odBeg. J=- \j cfl^J^ j uH O-V* J

*}!sU

Thc titles lijÛl ^ku.* ^J^y° areprefixed, in the opening lines, to the nameof the author, who describes the work, ina short preamble, as u^^k-il ^s- ^ <^j*£-£-Prom the repeated mention of Isfahan inthe examples, it appears to have been writtenin that city. The year 697 of the Hijrah,for which the position of some stars is indi¬cated, fol. 29 b, is probably the date of itscomposition.

Add. 16,742.Poll. 158; 9J in. by 6; 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins, probably in the16th century. [Wm. Yule.]

The astronomical tables of Mlrzii UlughBeg.

Author: Ulugh Beg B. Shahrukh B. TI-mur Kurgan, ^j^j^j;} ^

456 ASTRONOMY.

Be g- ^-3ji >l — ]] J J"* i/^ ^J 1Ûlugh Beg, the eldest son of Shahrukh,

horn in Sultfmiyyah, A.H. 796, was appointedhy his father, A.H. 812, to the governmentof Ma vara un-Nahr, which enjoyed under hisrule a long period of prosperity, and estab¬lished his residence in Samarkand. Afterhis father's death, and a victorious en¬counter with his nephew and competitor,'Ala ud-Daulah, he ascended the throne inHerat, A.H. 852. His short and troubledreign came to a tragic end in A.H. 853,when he was put to death hy his son Mirza\Abd us-Latif. See Matla' us-Sa'dain, foil.45, 119, 256, Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3,p. 151, Price's Retrospect, vol. iii. pp. 566—75,and Scdillot, Introduction aux Prolegomencs,pp. 125—131.

The observations embodied in the tableswere commenced, as the author states in thepreface, by his master Salfih ud-Dln Musa,called Kazi-Zadah RumT, and by Ghiya§ud-Din Jamshid. The latter, however, hav¬ing died in the early stage of the work,and the former before its conclusion, it wascarried on and completed with the assistanceof a youthful astronomer, 'AH B. Muham¬mad Kushji, whom Ulugh Beg calls his be¬loved son. The date of composition is notexpressly stated. It was probably A.H.841; for that year is taken as the startingpoint of several of the tables.

The building of the observatory, N.E. ofSamarkand, is recorded by the contemporaryauthor of the Matla' us-Sa'dain among theoccurrences of A.H. 823. The same his¬torian names four astronomers to whom theobservations were intrusted, viz.: Salah ud-Din Musa Kazi Zadah Rumi, 'Ala ud-DinKushji, both inhabitants of Samarkand, Ghi¬yas. ud-Din Jamshid, and Mu'in ud-Din, thelast two from Kashan. He adds that the

new tables received the name of ÛaL* £jThe commentator, 'Abd ul-Ali, de¬

signates the work of Ulugh Beg by the title

of ÎkL* gj, while the Rauzat us-Safa,vol. vi. p. 202, and the Habib us-Siyar, 1. c,

call it joô. gjThe above statement of Ulugh Beg, com¬

bined with the date assigned in the Matla'us-Sa'dain to the building of the observatory,shows that Kazi Zadah cannot have died soearly as A.H. 815, as asserted by Haj. Khal.,vol. i. p. 322, or Ghiyas ud-Din Jamshid solate as A.H. 887, as stated in the St. Peters¬burg Catalogue, p. 118. Both died duringthe course of the observations, which werecarried on from A.H. 823 to 841.

The author of the Haft Iklim mentions,under Kashan, Add. 16,734, fol. 387, bothGhiya§ ud-Din Jamshid and Mu'in ud-Dinas eminent astronomers. He adds that theformer was ignorant of the etiquette of courts,but that Ulugh Beg was obliged to put upwith his boorish manners, because he couldnot dispense with his assistance. Ghiyasud-Din wrote for Ulugh Beg, A.H. 818, atreatise on astronomical instruments. Secthe Leyden Catalogue, vol. v. p. 237.

'Ala ud-Din 'All B. Muhammad Kushjibecame, as a youth, a great favourite of UlughBeg, who called him his son, and used, whilehunting, to intrust him with his hawk;hence his surname Kushji, "the falconer,"which, however, according to the Shaka'ik,was derived from his father's office. Hav¬ing left his master clandestinely, 'AH pro¬ceeded to Kirman, where he prosecuted hisstudies under the best masters, and wrotehis well known commentary upon the Taj-rid of Nasir ud-Din Tusl. It was after hisreturn to Samarkand that Ulugh Beg em-

| ployed him on the completion of his greatastronomical work.

Sometime after the death of that prince,finding himself neglected by his successors,'AH Kushji repaired to Tabriz, then the resi-

i deuce of Uzun Hasan, the Ak Kuyunlu ruler,

ASTRONOMY. 457

who sent him on a friendly mission toMuhammad II. Received with great honourby the latter, he presented him with amanual of arithmetic, called, in honour ofthe Sultan, al-Muhammadiyyah.

A treatise on astronomy, subsequentlywritten by him for the same sovereign, wasentitled al-Pathiyyah in memory of the con¬quest of the Irak Ajam. Ali Kushji died inConstantinople in the reign of MuhammadII., and, according to Haj. Khal., vol. ii. p.198, A.H. 879. See Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii.,Juz 3, p. 160, Shaka'ik, Add. 9583, fol. 57,Scheref-Nameh, edited by Veliaminof, vol. ii.p. 123, and the St. Petersburg Catalogue,p. 303.

The Zij i Jadid follows the arrangementof the Zij i Ilkhani, and is divided, like thelatter work, into four Makalahs, with similarheadings. They begin respectively on foil.2 b, 13 a, 66 a, and 149 a. The contentshave been stated in full, from an Arabicversion, in the Bodleian Catalogue, vol. ii.p. 239. The explanatory part of the workhas been edited, with an introduction, byL. P. E. A. Sedillot, Paris, 1847, and aFrench version by the same scholar waspublished in 1853. Detached portions havebeen edited under the titles of "Epoelmecelebriores ex traditione Ulug Beigi," byJohn Greaves, London, 1650, and " Tabulaelongitudinis et latitudinis stellarum ex ob-servatione Ulugh Begi," by Thomas Hyde,Oxford, 1665. See also Haj. Khal., vol. iii.p. 239, Quatremere, Journal des Savants,1847, pp. 562—76, Uri, p. 281, No. lxv., etc.

Add. 11,637.Poll. 212; 10 in. by 1\ ; 21 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the16th century.

The same work.This copy is more correct than the preced¬

ing,, but is slightly imperfect at the end; itVOL. II.

breaks off at the second page of the con¬cluding table, fol. 200. An additional tablewithout any heading is appended, foil. 201—212.

Add. 7699.Poll. 139; 11 in. by 7£; 33 lines, 4| in.

long ; written in small Naskhi; dated A. 11.1081 (A.D. 1670). [CI. J. Rich.]

The same work.At the end are two additional tables. The

first is headed i ±#**> J,fr Jj.i?-; the secondshows the time of midday and midnight forthe latitude of Antioch, foil. 131—139.

Copyist: ^Uai^l! ^sii) ^Li*. ^

Add. 16,743.Poll. 41; 9^ in. by 6; 21 lines, 4^ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [Wm. Yule.]

The explanatory text of the precedingwork, without the tables.

Add. 23,567.Poll. 261; 10 in. by 7± i 19 lines, 5 in.

long; written in fair Nestalik; dated Mu-harram, A.H. 1045 (A.D. 1635).

[Robert Taylor.]

J>lkU JoJo. £j q£»A commentary on the preceding work.Author : AJbd ul-'Ah" B. Muhammad B.

Husain BarjandT, ^ ^ (J^\ s+c-(sec 453 b).

Beg. j»*y <jyw ^V** j o*A*?-^The entire text of the Zij, here designated

as ^UaU jj.j*- £j, with the exception of thetables, is inserted in the commentary, anddistinguished by a red line drawn over it.The four Makalahs begin respectively onfoil. 5 b, 48 b, 128 a and 235 b.

E

458 ASTRONOMY.

The commentator says in the preface thathe had selected the Zij of Ulugh Beg asheing the best known in the present time,and that he had not only elucidated itstoo concise diction, but often corrected itserrors.

It is stated at the end that the work wascomposed in A.H. 929, corresponding to theyear 892 of Yazdajird, 1834 of the Greeks,and 445 of the era of Malaksluih (A.D. 1523).

The same commentary is mentioned inStewart's Catalogue, p. 103, and in MelangesAsiatiques, vol. v. p. 252.

Copyist: uf/jj*" v*y A-*^ u- ^

Add. 23,440.Foil. 47; 6 2 in. by 5; 19 lines, 2i in.

long ; written in Naskhi, apparently in the16th century. [Robert Taylor.]

I. Foil. 2—9. An Arabic treatise onprosody (see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 644).

II. Foil. 10—47. A treatise on astronomy,without title.

Bog. J^l* o-H 1 ^ **i U • • • ^ ^aJUu jiij ji

The author's name, which does not ap¬pear in the text, is found in the heading J&C-J^y j5y. 'AH KushI, or Kushji, and hisworks, have already been mentioned, p. 456 b.The present treatise is, no doubt, the astro¬nomical manual which he composed for Mu¬hammad II. Some copies contain a dedica¬tion to that Sultan. See the Vienna Cata¬logue, vol. ii. p. 489. Haj. Khal. mentionsit under the title of Ju^N J *5U„ vol. iii.p. 458. The work noticed by him asvol. iv. p. 379, appears to be a more extendedArabic recension of the same treatise.

Contents: Mukaddimah. Preliminary no¬tices of geometry and physics, in two Kisms,fol. 10 b. Makalah I. The heavenly bodies,in six Babs, fol. 13 a. Makalah II. Figureof the globe, its division into climates, and

the effects resulting from the various posi¬tions of the planets, in eleven Babs, fol.31 a. Khatimah. Distances and sizes of theplanets, fol. 46 b.

The contents are fully stated by Krafft,p. 139. See also Uri, p. 284, No. lxxv., theSt. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 303, the Copen¬hagen Catalogue, p. 9, and the Munich Cata¬logue, p. 137. A Turkish translation byKatibi lluml is preserved in Add. 7891.

Or. 1560.Foil. 109; 8 in. by 4|; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in small Naskhi; dated A.H.1054 (A.D. 1644).

[Sir Henry C. Rawlinson.]Four astronomical treatises, three of which

are in Arabic, and one in Persian, viz.:—Foil. 64—101. A manual of astronomy,

without author's name. It is theiuL^M of 'All Kushji, described under thepreceding number.

Add. 25,871.Foil. 78 ; 10 in. by 6f; 13 lines, 4 in. long;

written in Shikastah-amiz, in the 19th cen¬tury. [Wm. Cureton.]

I. Foil. 2—35. An Arabic commentary,by Mir Sharif, on the Isagoge; see theArabic Catalogue, p. 243.

II. Foil. 36—78. The treatise on astro¬nomy above mentioned. Some spaces re¬served for diagrams have been left blank.

Add. 7702.Foil. 32; 7| in. by 4£; 23 lines, 3| in.

long; written in minute Nestalik, datedA.H. 1112 (A.D. 1700—1). [CI. J. Rich.]

A treatise on the instruments used forastronomical observations, especially in theobservatories of Alexandria, Marughah, andSamarkand.

ASTRONOMY. 459

Author: 'Abd ul-Mun'im 'Amili,Jte

Beg. \j£J CiljU^ $b\> Ui> C^SJui- I* Uj,JJ\ fc^liP

Prom the preface, which is incomplete, itappears that the work was written in Isfahanby order of the reigning Shah (Tahmasp),and nearly three hundred years after thecompletion of Nasir ud-Dm's tables, e.about A.H. 970. The instruments are mi¬nutely described, and illustrated by diagrams.

The work bears no title, but is endorsed

£j O^) |*J*J L-jl^Poll. 27 b —32 contain miscellaneous ex¬

tracts.

Or. 1573.Poll. 137; 8J in. by 5$; 21 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Naskhi, apparently in the19th century. [Sir Henry C. Eawlinson.]

I. Poll. 1—111. itj J>A treatise on the computation of alma¬

nacks and of nativities.Author: Kutb ud-Din [B.] 'Izz ud-Din

[B.] 'Abd ul-Hayy uz-Zahidi ul-Kabri ul-Husaini ul-Lari, ±*c- ^Sty* c-Ja*

(J^S^ t^^k^l

Beg. <^jj>\j\^js»\J(jo\*o j\ j)>)jUL! ^

The author's object was, as stated in thepreface, to elucidate for beginners the direc¬tions given by Mirza Ulugh Beg B. Shah-rukh.

A prayer for the continuation of the reignof Shah 'Abbas, with which the work con-cludes,refers approximative^the dateof com¬position to A.H. 996—1038. The year 1027,which is repeatedly used in the examplesof calculation, foil. 5 b, 44 b, was probablythe current year at the time of writing.

The author states incidentally, fol. 90 b,that he had left his native country, Lar, for

a short residence in Shiraz with the objectof perfecting himself in astrology, but wasanxious to return speedily to Lar, wherehe had judicial functions, and was known asthe Mufti.

Contents: Preface and table of chapters,fol. 1 b. Makalah I. Computation of al¬manacks, in five Babs, fol. 4 b. Makalah II.Nativities, in three Babs, fol. 74 a. Kha-timah. Mode of writing horoscopes, fol. 101 a.

The date 1113, which appears in the sub¬scription, has probably been copied from anearlier MS.

II. Poll. 113—131.An Arabic treatise by Muhammad Sibt al-

Maridini (see Arabic Catalogue, p. 201 a) onthe method of reckoning degrees and minutes.It is abridged from the J>.UUi' of Shi-hab ud-Din Ahmad Ibn ul-Majdi (Haj. Khal.,vol. v., p. 205), and is entitled Jg Jj3\£*^ jjte<s

_j ^j^L-A-a-

Or. 372.Poll. 419; 13* in. by 8|; 31 lines, 0 in.

long; written in fair Nestalik with gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 17th cen¬tury.

jl^U ^yik &\jLy>lo

Astronomical tables of the reign of Shah-jahan.

Author: Parid Ibrahim DihlavT, s>J(^j)*i>

Beg. o,jj' o^^V " ^jJP*"(_^>^ S.\ic\Zt

Mulla Parid Dililavi was the court-astro¬nomer of Shahjahan. The horoscope of thatemperor, calculated by him, is inserted atlength in the Padishah Namah, vol. i. p. 97.

The author says in the preface that, afterShlbjahan had ascended the throne, on the8th of Jumada II., A.H. 1037, it occurred to

e 2

460 ASTRONOMY.

the Vazir Asaf Khan to make that year thestarting point of a new era, similar to theTarikh i Jalali, and to be called Tarikh i IlahiShahjahani. The project having been sub¬mitted to Shahjahan and approved, theauthor received the royal commands to pre¬pare a new Zij in accordance with it, and, asthere was not sufficient time for fresh obser¬vations, the work was based upon the tablesof Ulugh Beg, which, however, receivedmany corrections and improvements.

The year 10II of the Hijrah, for which thepositions of the stars are calculated, was pro¬bably the current year at the time of writing.If so, the statement of the Tabakati Shah-jahiini, Or. 1673, fol. 320, that Mulla FaridMunajjim died A.H. 1039, must be incorrect.Mulla Farid wrote, according to the sameauthority, an historical work, ^jzjti, dedi¬cated to Shahjahan.

The work is divided, in agreement with theZij of Ulugh Beg, into a Mukaddimah andfour Makalahs, as follows;—Mukaddimah, orprolegomena, treating of Zljs in general, andof the peculiar features of the present work,in five Kisms, fol. 3 b. Makalah I., treating,in nine Babs, of the following eras and theirreductions, viz.: 1. Ilahi Shahjahani, begin¬ning on the first day of Farvardin of the yearof Shahjahan's accession. 2. Hijrah. 3. Greekera. 4. Persian era. 5. Malaki, or Jalali,era. 6. Sambat. 7. Chinese and Uighiireras, fol. 6 b. Makalah II. Knowledge oftimes, and of the ascendant of each time,in twenty-two Babs, fol. 13 b, with tables,foil. 21—89. Makalah III. Motion of theplanets and stars, and their positions, in fif¬teen Babs, fol. 90 a, with tables, foil. 98—417.

Of Makalah IV. the present copy containsonly the last three Fasls, 5—7, foil. 418, 419.They agree with the corresponding sectionsof Bab I. in Ulugh Beg's fourth Makalah.

The MS. bears the stamps of the kings ofOude.

Add. 14,373.Foil. 222; 11 ± in. by 7£ ; 12 lines, 4| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins, apparently in the 18thcentury. [Francis Gladwin.]

^U>J^^ JO Jo- £jAstronomical tables by Rajah Jai-Singh

Sawa'i, ^j-*-Beg. ^jiLi t±is- ^LjjJy* (i^u %i>j>- sjz- *6Jai Singh, a Rajput of the princely house

of Kachhwahah, originally called Bijai Singh,succeeded to his father Bishan Singh, asRajah of Amber, in A.D. 1699, the 44th yearof Aurangzib's reign, and held high militarycommands under that emperor and his suc¬cessors. Under Muhammad Shah he wasgovernor of the provinces of Agra and Mfd-vah. He founded in A.D. 1728 the newcapital of his estate, called after him Jaipur,and died after a prosperous rule of 44 years,in A.D. 1743, the 25th year of MuhammadShah. See Skinner, Add. 27,254, fol. 75,Ma';i«ir ul-Umara, fol. 221, Tazkirat ul-Umara, Add. 16,703, fol. 137 b, Tod, Annalsof Rajasthan, vol. ii. p. 356, Ma'asir i 'Alam-giri, p. 424, and Tarikh i Muzaffari, Or. 466,fol. 222.

The author, having observed, as he statesin the preface, that the current almanacks,based upon the Tables of Ulugh Begjfijf, upon the Zij i IGiakani, and upon theexplanations cj^-j written by Mulla Chandin Akbar's reign, and by Mulla Far id in thereign of Shahjahan, were all more or lessincorrect, represented the matter to Muham¬mad Shah, and received in consequence theemperor's commands to call together skilledastronomers, Muslim, Brahman, and Eu¬ropean, in order to institute new andmore accurate observations. He had, there¬fore, astronomical instruments made at Dehli,

ASTRONOMY. 4(51

first, some similar to those used at Samarkand,and subsequently some others, larger andtruer, of his own invention. With these hecaused concurrent observations to be madein Dehli, Jaipur, Mathura, Benares, and Uj-jain. When they had been carried on forseven years, he sent some competent persons,with Padre Manoel, to Europe, and, after theirreturn, compared the tables they had broughtback, namely those of de la Hire"^], withhis own. The results of those combinedobservations were then embodied in the pre¬sent work, which was completed, accordingto Tod, vol. ii. p. 360, in A.D. 1728 (A.H.1140—1).

In its division and arrangement the pre¬sent work agrees in the main with theZij of Ulugh Beg. It contains the follow¬ing three Books (Makfdah):

I. On the four current eras, viz. those of theHijrah, of Muhammad Shah, of Christ, andof Samvat, in four Babs, fol. 5 6. II. On thedetermination of the ascendant of each time,C*Sj ye c^ijMjd, in nineteen Babs, fol.10 b. III. On the motions of the planetsand stars, and their positions in altitude andlongitude, in a Mukaddimah, four Babs, anda Khatimah, fol. 128 b.

See the "Account of the astronomicallabours of Jaya Sinha," by Dr. W. Hunter,Asiatic Researches, vol. v. p. 177—211,where Jai Singh's preface is given in theoriginal language with a translation.

The fly-leaf contains an English notice ofthe work and contents, in which the date ofcomposition is wrongly given as A.D. 1696.

Add. 7714.Poll. 46; 101 i n . by 7 . 17 i m es in.

long; written in Naskhi, apparently in the15th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

An astrological work, with the heading

a De la Hire's Ephemerides were published in 1700and'1702.

Li^ll , " the Book of Ja-masp, treating of the horoscopes of the pro¬phets."

Beg. j*\y jjl^v J\ W LJ^\ ^jU .ill

The work is ascribed to the sage Jamasp,i_*~iUU. Vazir of Shah Gushtasp. Ittreats of the conjunctions of the planets, andtheir influence on the fate of mankind, asillustrated by the horoscopes of the chief pro¬phets and kings.

The introduction consists of a Muham-madan doxology, a chapter on the high placeof man in creation, and a detailed descriptionof the planets in their human shapes, show¬ing the number of their hands and thevarious emblems which they hold.

In the early part of the work the historyof the prophets of the Muslim tradition iscuriously blended with that of the earlykings of Persia. Prom the time of Gush¬tasp, fol. 11 a, the narrative assumes theform of prophecy. The principal dynastiesof the East are foreshadowed in more orless transparent language, the advent ofeach being heralded by some particularconjunction of the planets shown in a dia¬gram. The Saljukis, fol. 28 b, the Ayyubis,fol. 31 a, Atsiz ^\ the Khwarazmshahi,fol. 31 b, lastly Chingiz Khan, fol. 33 b, aredistinctly mentioned. Purther on the vati¬cinations become vague and confused. Theyconclude with the end of the world, precededby its traditional forerunners.

It will be seen from the above that thecontents are mainly of Muhammadan origin.The work has probably little more than thename in common with the Jamasp Namahof the Parsis. See Wilson, Parsi Religion,p. 445, and Spiegel, Einleitung in die tradi-tionelle Literatur der Parsen, p. 182.

Add. 8897.A single sheet, 34 in. by 48, containing a

462 ASTRONOMY.

Planisphere, or pictorial representation ofthe cosmic system of the Hindus, with thesymbolical figures of the signs of the zodiac,of the mansions of the moon, constellations,presiding divinities, etc. The names arewritten in both the Devanagari and Nestalikcharacters, with short explanations in Per¬sian ; 18th century.

Add. 16,874.Poll. 59; 8f in. by 4|; 15 lines, 3^ in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedLucknow, Sha'ban, A.H. 1217 (A.D. 1802).

[Wm. Yule.]

l^W! y£Translation of a treatise on the virtues and

influences of the eight and twenty lunarmansions, j$ ^jlu i^jtAy- aJL*,, apparentlyfrom the Arabic.

Translator: Muhammad B. Muhammad

Sadik 'Alam (sic) ^s- j^U? ^ x+s?

Beg. j\-L>) Jj}}~> 3 .x** J[tf j^srity

The translator says that the original workhad been extracted by Aristotle from thebooks of Hermes. The text is accompaniedby figures representing the lunar mansions.The translation was completed, as stated atthe end, fol. 47 b, in A.H. 1216.

The latter part of the volume contains :—1. An appendix, by the translator, on the" seals," or symbols of the planets, \-J>\£ *a>V-» L«», with drawings, completed in Jumada II.,A.H. 1217, foil. 48 b— 56 b. 2. A short tracton precious stones, foil. 56 b —59 b, apparentlyby the same writer.

A note on the first page shows that theMS. came, A.H. 1217, into the possession ofthe Safavi Prince, Abul-Path Sultan-Muham¬mad (see p. 133 b).

Or. 1120.Poll. 14; 12*2 °y 8 2 5 written in fair

Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins, A.D.1777. [Warren Hastings.]

An almanack for the 18th Ilahi year of thereign (of Shah 'Alam), which began on the10th of Safar, A.H. 1191 (March, A.D. 1777),calculated for Dehli.

Add. 16,861,Poll. 10; \1\ in. by 7 ; written in Nesta¬

lik, A.D. 1801. [Wm. Yule.]An almanack for the 85th Ilahi year of

the era of Muhammad Shah, beginning onthe 5th of Zulhijjah, A.H. 1215 (March 21,A.D. 1801), calculated for Dehli.

Add. 18,421.Poll. 30 ; 9 in. by 7^ ; written in Nestalik,

A.D. 1803. [ Wm. Yule.]Two almanacks for the 87th Ilahi year

of the era of Muhammad Shah, beginning onthe 27th of Zulk'a'dah, A.H. 1217 (March 21,1803), calculated for Lucknow and Dehli.

NATURAL HISTORY.

Add. 16,739.Poll. 416; 8$ in. by 5f; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik; dated A.H.965 (A.D. 1558). [Wm. Yule.]

s-^y-j s-VThe "Wonders of Creation," translated

from the Arabic of al-Kazvini.Beg. dJ^jJ sJswHThe Arabic text has been edited by

P. Wiistcnfcld, Gottingen, 1848, and a Ger¬man translation has been published by Dr.H. Ethe, Leipzig, 1868. See also S. de Sacy's

NATURAL HISTORY. 403

Chrcstomathic, vol. iii. pp. 427—450, New-bold, Journal of the Asiatic Soc. of Bengal,vol. xiii. pp. 632—00, Nicoll, Bodleian Cata¬logue, p. 234, Roinaud, Geographie d'Aboul-feda, Introduction, pp. 427—450, etc. Thework has also been printed in Tehran, A.II..1204. Another Persian version, entitledL-**y<M Sis*, is fully described in the ViennaJahrbucher, vol. lxvi., Anzeigeblatt, pp.48—50.

In the present version no translator's nameis given, nor is there any mention made ofthe work being a translation. The doxologyhas been preserved in the original language.The author's preface includes a dedication,not found in the printed Arabic text, to a manof rank called 'Izz ud-Din Shahpur B. TJgman,who appears to have held the post of Sadr,

J&X« ^/y* JuAp jjlp JOj^cii- JfS- (jJjS?

j>^\ ciU* ^,^11 J^S- jjtax*^Uc rf\

The author's name differs in various copies.It is written here ^ ^ l^Sj(Jj'jJftJlj in agreement with the statement ofa nearly contemporary writer, Hamd UllahMustaufi, of Kazvin, who, in the Nuzhat ul-Kulub, ascribes the present work, as well asthe Agar ul-Bilad, to the same author.

This copy contains drawings in Persianstyle, both plain and coloured, representingthe planets and constellations, foil. 14—39,250—253.

A set of coloured drawings in Indian style,representing constellations, animals, andplants, with Arabic names, is appended atthe end, foil. 328—410.

Foil. 108—153, 170—180, 292—300, havebeen supplied by later hands.

Add. 7706.Poll. 280; 11| in. by 7; 21 lines, 4 in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins, probably in the 10thcentury. [CI. J. Rich.]

The same work.In spite of some verbal differences, this

version agrees in the main with the preceding.The first two leaves, supplied by a later hand,contain a preface beginning thus : Jl^a*

&.J\ io jjjJo" ^ JJ> j , which con¬tains neither the author's name, nor the dedi¬cation above mentioned. The final lines,which are wanting, have been replaced, inthe same handwriting, by a spurious con¬clusion, dated A.H. 1051 (A.D. 1641).

This copy contains neat astronomical dia¬grams, foil. 10—10, a map of the world, fol.59 b, and a great number of fair drawingsin Indian style, mostly in gold, representingconstellations, foil. 19—29, the wonders ofthe islands and seas, foil. 60—83, plants,foil. 128—148, demons, foil. 222—225, ani¬mals and monsters, foil. 233—285.

Or. 1371.Poll. 405; llg in. by 1\ ; 15 lines, 4 in.

long ; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the10th century; bound in richly painted covers.

[Sir C. Alex. Murray.]The same version.This copy contains numerous drawings,

in Indian style, carefully executed in goldand colours.

Add. 16,738.Poll. 248; 11^ in. by 7±| 27 lines, 4| in.

long; written in plain Nestalik, about theclose of the 17th century. | Wm. Ydle.J

The same work, with rather coarse draw¬ings.

Add. 5603.Poll. 380; lOf in. by Gf; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in plain Nestalik; dated Mu-harram, A.H. 1097 (A.D. 1685).

464 NATURAL

The same work, with coloured drawingsof constellations, plants, and animals.

On the first page is a seal containing anEuropean name in the Persian character<->"Jj UJ 'o i -* lt^*??") apparently JohannesMatthseus Reuss.

Add. 16,740.Poll. 404; 10 in. hy 6J; 17 lines, 4£ in.

long ; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century. [Wm. Yule.]

The same work.The hlank spaces reserved for drawings

have heen left empty.The first page hears the stamp of General

Claud Martin (see p. 2 a).

Add. 23,564.Poll. 342; 10£ in. hy 6^; 21 lines, 4| in.

long; written in fair Naskhi, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins; dated A. H. 845(A.D. 1441). [Robert Tayloe.J

Another translation of the same work.The first page is lost; the second contains

the latter part of the untranslated doxologyof the original.

This version differs materially from thepreceding; it is shorter, more archaic in lan¬guage, and follows the Arahic much closer.

The author's name is written MuhammadB. Muhammad B. Muhammad ul-Kazvini.The same form of name is found in an addi¬tion to Haj. Khal., vol. iv. p. 189, in theBodleian MS., and in other copies; see deSacy's Chrestomathie, vol. iii. p. 444.

This copy contains coloured drawings ofconstellations, animals, and plants, some ofwhich have been purposely defaced.

Or. 373.Poll. 581; 13§ in. hy 8|; 15 lines, 4£ in.

long; Avrittenin large Nestalik, with 'Unvan

HISTORY.

and ruled margins; dated A.H. 125 (probablyfor 1205, A.D. 1790).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]Another version of the same work.The translator, whose name does not appear,

states in a short preamble, which follows theArabic doxology of the original, and begins»\|?Ip O-laL- j.b\ j Ll*i!sU- ^ jd j^o U>),that this version was written in the reign ofAbul-Muzaffar Ibrahim 'Adil Shah B. 'AdilShilh B. 'Adil Shah, and for His Majesty'slibrary. He adds, at the end of al-KazvIni'spreface, that it was completed in the begin¬ning of Sha'ban, A.H. 954.

Ibrahim, the third of the 'Adilshahis ofBijapur, reigned, according to the Putuhat i'Adilshahi, Add. 27,251, foil. 55, 77, 297,from A.II. 941 to 963, or, according toPirishtah, vol. ii. p. 64, till A.H. 965.

The present version, which differs fromthe preceding by its modernized and prolixdiction, has been lithographed in the pressof Naval Kishor, A.H. 1283.

The MS. contains numerous coloureddrawings in Indian style, representing planetsand constellations, foil. 31—84, angels, foil.87—103, the wonders of the seas and islands,foil. 165—223, plants, foil. 336—394, andanimals, foil. 470—581.

Add. 23,565.Poll. 79; 8£ in' by ; 14 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik ; dated A.H. 1206(A.D. 1791). [Robert Taylor.]

A treatise on precious stones and metals.Author: Muhammad B. Mansur, ^ j^ 6

jyOJn*

Beg. (_>»>y» j M LJ)—j cjJ_w j (j£jIx«>

J^UA detailed abstract of the contents by

Hammer will be found in the Mines deFOrient, vol. vi. p. 126—142. See also theVienna Jahrbiichcr, vol. 66, Anzeigcblatt,

NATURAL HISTORY. 405

p. 52, Stewart's Catalogue, p. 95, and Fli'igel,Vienna Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 516.

The work was written, as stated in thepreface, by desire of a prince called Abul-Fath Kbalil Bahadur Khan, son of the Sul¬tan Abu Nasr Hasan Bahadur Khan, whoappears from the following pompous titles,

jj&l Jifal} rJl\ ^\ ^llaUl. . . ««AJ\ iol,M j5"U ijt?

^«,> yUaLJl ^ u UaLJ\ ^ ^UaLJl£\ <oLj u Up\ e]]\ Ji. , to have been thereigning sovereign, but whose time andcountry have not been ascertained. Theonly clue to the period in which he lived isfound in the following epithet, " the pro¬mised one of the seventh hundred," whichseems to imply that he reigned about A*H.700, and which is apparently the sole autho¬rity for the date given by Stewart, I.e., viz.A.D. 1300. The work must, however, havebeen written at a somewhat later period,for Ghazan Khan, who died A.H. 703, isspoken of, fol. 77 a, as a king of the past.

It is divided into an introduction (Mu-kaddimah) on minerals and their origin,fol. 7 a, and two books (Makalah). Makfi-lah I., fol. 9 a, comprises twenty chapters(Bab), treating of as many species of preciousstones. Makfilah II., fol. 66 a, containsseven chapters on metals.

The authorities most frequently quotedare the philosopher Abu Baihan (al-Biru.nl),and Taifashi, the author of an Arabic treatiseon precious stones, who died A.H. 651 (Haj.Khal., vol. iii. p. 582).

Add. 25,870.Foil. 88; 8 in. by 11 lines, 3* in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently aboutthe beginning of the 19th century.

[Wm. Cureton.]VOL. II.

Another copy of the preceding work, inAvhich the dedicatory portion of the prefacelias been omitted.

Or. 30.Foil. 221; 8£ in. by 5; 11 lines, 2f in.

long ; written in neat Nestalik, dated Rajah,A. H. 951 (A.D. 1544). [G. C. Renouard.]

JU* ^}A work treating of the properties and uses

of natural substances, also of divination andastrology.

Author: Abu Bakr ul-Mutahhar B. Mu¬hammad B. Abil-Kasim B. Abi Sa'Id ul-Jamal, called al-Yazdi, ^ ^ ^\

^jjJU >}J*>\ JUs^ ^\ ^ ^The author, who in his verses uses the

Takhallus JamaH, describes himself as aninhabitant of the village of Mayakh, in thedistrict of Tun, u y f ^.j'^> ^»^°

[sic] £j**>\ 'is/v*- ^ e states in the preface,which is slightly defective at the beginning,that he was addicted to poetry, and was pre¬paring a fair copy of his poem Tarik u Jauza\\y* j JjUs, when some friends, assembled inhis house on the occasion of the birth of hisson Abul-Knsim, praised the Nuzhat Namahi 'Ala'i as a book replete with useful know¬ledge, and urged him to write one of thesame description. Yielding to their en¬treaties he composed the present work, anddedicated it to the Vazir Majd ud-Dln AhmadB. Mas'ud, ^yWj ^ Js^jj-aii,*-** ^ > wno was ms fa ^ lcr ' s bene¬factor, as well as his own. He adds that hecompleted it in the month of Ramazan,A.H. 580, and claims indulgence on thescore of his youth, as he was then in hiseighteenth year.

The title is written ijij but theF

406 NATU11AL

reading of Haj. Klial.,. vol. iv. p. 412,is, on account of its parallelism with &«U C*»j>,more likely to be correct. The same writergives A.H. 560 as the date of composition,and, in his notice on the Nuzhat Namah,vol. vi. p. 330, which he knew only from theabove preface, takes 'Aliil to designate theauthor. Jamali, however, gives him anothername, but one which cannot be read with cer¬tainty in the present copy; for the passage isincorrectly written, as follows: (J^-ff- wij

^j>y.~~%)\ ^\ tj>(j** >&

The Farah Namah comprises the followingsixteen books (Makalat), subdivided intochapters (Fasl): 1. Useful properties ofvarious parts of the body in men and qua¬drupeds, fol. 8 b. 2. Useful properties ofbirds, reptiles, and insects, fol. 53 a. 3. Pro¬perties of trees, vegetables, and seeds, fol.84 b. 4—0. Properties of herbs and leaves,fol. 119 b, of gums, fol. 122 b, of stones andmetals, fol. 125 a. 7. Drugs and perfumes,fol. 135 a. 8. Oils, and Pirasat, fol. 144 a.9. Divination by shoulder-blades, and astro¬logy, fol. 150 a. 10. Auguries derived fromthrobbings of the muscles ; divination of 1 liedeath or recovery of the sick ; vocabulary ofPehlevi words, fol. 181 a. 11. Poisons andantidotes, fol. 198 b. 12. Mode of dissolvinggold, pearls, etc., fol. 207 b. 13. Conjuringtricks, magic inks, etc., fol. 210 b. 14. Kha-vatim, or symbols, of the planets, fol. 217 a.

The latter part of the fourteenth book, thefifteenth, and all but the concluding lines ofthe sixteenth, are wanting.

Copyist: ^ 3 ^> c-i_j^n ^

A copy of a similar work is described inthe Vienna Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 517. Thesame volume contains the second Makalah ofthe Nuzhat Natnah i 'Ala'i.

IIISTOIIY.

MEDICINE.

Add. 23,556.Poll. 492 ; 18 in. by 11; 27 lines, 6^ in,

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [Rob. Taylok.]

I. Poll. 2—477.

^Jb\jl«cjj\y>- *£^sO

An encyclopedia of medical science.Author : Zain ud-Din Abu Ibrahim Ismail

B. Hasan B. Ahmad B. Muhammad ul-

Husaini ul-Jurjani, J..**^ ^ &>A^'i JI }\ " " '

(JWj4- (jr***** s ^ (j"*5"

Beg. ^ ^ u iX;>M». . , «U ±J)

i>jj yU* jJIjo &j>) j),&L5 l£)yr . . . |»^Lj^*♦»■

The author calls himself, in the openinglines, the devoted servant of the just andwise Padishah, Kutb ud-Dunya wad-DTnKhwarazm Shah Abul-Path Muhammad B.Yamin ud-Din, Mu'in Amir ul-Muminm.He states that, having been brought by thedivine decree to Khwarazm in A.H. 504, hehad been induced by the fair climate of thatcountry, and the able and righteous rule ofits sovereign, to fix there his abode, liededicates the present work to His Majesty,as a grateful return for the favours showeredupon him. His object in compiling it wasto supply a want which he had felt himselfwhile studying, that of a comprehensivework which would offer the required in¬formation on every branch of the medicalscience, and save a physician the troubleand loss of time involved in consulting oilierbooks.

Muhammad, son of Nushtigin, the founderof the Khwarazmshahi dynasty, was a vassalof the Saljukis. lie was appointed governorof Khwarazm by Sanjar, in the reign ofBarkyaruk, and received the titles of Kutb

MEDICINE. 467

ud-Din and Khwarazm Shah in A.H.491. His son Atsiz, who succeeded to himA.H. 522, and assumed independence A.H.535, died A.H. 551. See Jami'ut-Tavarlkh,Add. 7628, Guzklah, and Kamihvol. xi. p. 490.

Yakut, who mentions our author, AbuIbrahim B. ul-Hasan B. Muhammad ul-Hu-saini, among the illustrious natives of Jurjan,says that, after staying a long time in Khwa-razm, he repaired to Marv, where he diedA.H. 531; see Mujam, vol. ii. p. 55. IbnAhi LTsaibi'ah, who calls him Sharif Sbarafud-Din Ismail, Add. 7340, fol. 132, speaksof the great regard in which he stood at thecourt of Ala ud-Din [sic] Muhammad Khwa-razm Shah, and mentions the four followingworks as composed by him in Persian forthat prince—the present work, in twelvevolumes, the Khafi Ala'I in two smallvolumes, the Aghraz in two, and the Yadgarin one. All four are noticed by Haj. Khal.vol. i. p. 368, vol. iii. pp. 162, 330, and vol.vi. p. 507, who calls the author Isina il B. ul-Husain, and gives in one place A.H. 535,and in another A.H. 530, as the date of hisdeath. Khwand Amir, who gives him thesame name, Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz. 4,p. 176, is manifestly wrong in stating thathe lived under Tukush, who reigned A.H.568—596. The appendix to the Sivan ul-Hikmah contains a notice on the author,who is there called Zain ud-Din Isma'il B.ul-Hasan ul-Jurjani; see the Leyden Cata¬logue, vol. ii. p. 295. Compare Stewart'sCatalogue, pp. 106 and 108, Krafft's Cata¬logue, p. 147, and De Jong, Catalogus Codd.Or. Bibl. Acad, lleghe, p. 228, note 2.

The Zakhirah consists often books (Kitab),which are enumerated in the preface, and toeach of which is prefixed a full table ofnumerous subdivisions termed Guftars andBabs. They are as follows: I. Deflnitionand utility of medicine; composition, struc¬ture, and powers of the human body, fol. 4 a.II. Health and disease; causes and symp¬

toms of disease; accidents of the body, fol.42 b. III. Preservation of health, fol. 79 b.IV. Diagnosis of diseases; crisis and prog¬nosis; fol. 151 b. V. Pevers, their variouskinds, their symptoms and treatment, fol.168 b. VI. Local diseases and their treat¬ment, fol. 205 6. VII. Tumours, ulcers, etc.,fol. 388 b. VIII. Care to be taken of the ex¬ternal parts of the body, hair, skin, nails, etc.,fol. 411 b. IX. Poisons and antidotes, fol.417 b. X. Simple and compound medica¬ments, fol. 431 b.

Some leaves of book ix., viz., foil. 418,426—8, which are partly in another hand¬writing, contain a portion of a different re¬cension, in which that book is divided intofive Guftars, instead of six Makalahs.

At the end is a note, written by the samehand as the text, and stating that the tran¬scriber, Muhammad Bakil B. Tnayat Ullahul-IIusaini, had completed the collationof the present copy on the 17th of Rajah,A.H. 1095.

II. Pol. 478—492. A treatise on theanatomy of the human body.

Author: Mansiir B. Muhammad B. Ah¬

mad, ^ <i+S? ^Beg. ,_jU5 j j \j ^jblîj'o (_^^» j

U^' \j4The preface contains a dedication to an

Amir-zadah Pir Muhammad, who is addressedas the reigning sovereign with the following

titles, w UaU1 .... p<i\ ÛaOUi^J^j Cl*iAaLJ\j ^J) Ax-o ÛaL-M yUaL-M

^li-j^ li+s? jX> idj Â^j

That prince, whose age and country are notindicated, is called in Stewart's Catalogue,p. 109, perhaps on the authority of the copythere described, " Pir Muhammad Jahangir,grandson of Timur."

Mirza Pir Muhammad, second son of MirzaJahangir, the eldest son of Timur, was pro¬claimed Vali Ahd, or heir apparent, on the

s 2

408 MEDICINE.

death of his elder brother, Sultan Muham¬mad, in A.II. 805. Having been appointedsome years previously to the government ofKabul, he was the first of the Timurideprinces who invaded India, and held animportant command in the Indian campaign,undertaken at his instigation by Timur. Atthe latter's death he was left in possessionof the Indian provinces and Zabulistan, butdid not enjoy it long, being murdered onthe 14th of Ramazfin, A.II. 809, by oneof his Amirs. Another grandson of Timurwho bore the same name, viz. Mlrza PirMuhammad 15. 'Umar Shaikh, ruled in theprovince of Ears from A.II. 790 to 812.See Matla' us-Sa'dain, Or. 1291, fol. 25, andJahanara, foil. 174, 177.

The work is divided as follows : Mukaddi-mah. Component parts of the human body,fol. 479 a. Makfdah I. Bones, fol. 480 a.II. Nerves, fol. 483 a. III. Muscles, fol.485 6. IV. Veins, fol. 48G b. V. Arteries,fol. 489 a. Khatimah. Complex organs;development of the embryo, fol. 490 a. Itis illustrated by five anatomical drawings,occupying a whole page each.

It has been edited under the title of £ jZ3yjjyA* by Mansur 'All, Dehli, A.H. 1264.

Another work of the same author, <oli<==w , will be mentioned further on, p. 470 b.

Add. 26,307.Foil. 41; 15 in. by 9; 23 lines, 5 in.

long; written in large Naskhi, apparentlyin the 18th century. [Wm. Erskine.]

A treatise on the anatomy of the human

body, designated as gj£2 ^ jctiz?Author: Abul-Majd ut-Tabib ul-Baizavi,

(_£jLaJJ^ L-^JakM cJjC*^y>\

Beg. j yytf e£ j j-*=-j>a*^ OU)

Abul-Majd ul-Baizavi is mentioned as theauthor of a commentary on the Mujiz ul-

Kftmln of Ala ud-Din Ali Ihn im-Nafis ul-Kurashi, a work published in Calcutta,1828. See the Leyden Catalogue, vol. iii.p. 200. In the present work he quotesseveral times that celebrated physician, andit appears from the formula which he addsto his name, «olp ^dJI ,that he was writing after his death, whichtook place A.H. 087. See Ilaj. Khal., vol.vi. p. 251, and Wustenfeld, Geschichte dcrArabisclicn Acrtzte, p. 146.

After some considerations on the hi£rhO

importance of a knowledge of anatomy,the author sets forth at length the divi¬sions of his treatise. It consists of an in¬troduction on the parts of the body ingeneral, and of two books (Kitab). The firsttreats of the simple parts of the body, andcomprises six chapters (Bab), as follows :—[. Bones, in fifteen sections (Easl). II. Nerves,in five sections. HI. Veins, in five sections.IV". Arteries, in four sections. V. Muscles, inthirty sections. VI. Skin. The second booktreats, in seventeen Babs, of as many com¬plex organs.

The present copy, which appears to havebeen transcribed from a defective MS., con¬tains only the following disjointed portionsof the work : Mukaddimah, fol. 4 a. BookI., Bab I., Easl 1. Bones in general, fol.5 b. Easl. 2. Bones of the head, fol. 6 b.Easl 3. Bones of the upper jaw, fol. 8 a.Easl 4. Bones of the nose, fol. 9 b. Bab V.Muscles, in thirty Easls, complete, fol. 10 a.Book II. Bab I. The brain, fol. 31 a. BabI L The eye, fol. 33 a. Bab III. The ear, fol.36 a. Bab IV. The nose, fol. 36 6. Bab V.The tongue, fol. 37 a. Bab VI. The throatand gullet, fol. 37 b. Bab VII. The dia¬phragm and chest, fol. 38 a. Bab VIII. Theheart, fol. 38 b. Bab IX. The gullet andstomach, fol. 39 b. Bab X. The liver,fol. 40 b.

Of the last Bab the beginning only isextant. Eol. 41 contains the latter part of

MEDICINE. 409

the fourth Bah of Book I., which treats ofthe artei'ies.

Add. 16,748.Foil. 347; 9'i in. by 6|; 19 lines, 4 in.

long; written in fair Nestalik ; dated Ju-mada I, the 5th year of Bahadur Shah,(A.li. 1123, A.D. 1711). [Wm. Yule.]

*zj\j\xU>\A work on materia medica.Author: 'All B. ul-Husain ul-AnsarT,

known as Haji Zain ul-'Attar, ^ju.U ^ {Js-jUa-M jtf£\\ Ûxi-i)!

Beg. o-â-j j ac-t_>«U*

Zain ud-Din 'AIT, who traced his pedigreeto \Abd Ullah Ansfui, was born A.H. 730,in Shiraz, where his father, Jamal ud-DinHusain, a physician of Isfahan, had settledA.H. 715. He stood high in the favour ofShah Shuja1 (who reigned A.H. 700—786),and was during sixteen years in constantattendance upon him. lie died A.H. 800,leaving, besides the present work, the fol¬lowing medical treatises: Miftah ul-Kha-zfi'in, Tuhfat ul-Muluk, and Risalah darSifat i Mardan u Zanan. See a notice onhis life written by his son in Or. 105, fol.108.

The Ikhtiyarat i Badi'i is so called fromBad!' ul-Jamal, the name of the princess towhom it is dedicated. The date of compo¬sition, which is found in some copies, asAdd. 0001 and 17,950, and in Haj. Khal.,vol. i. p. 197, is A.H. 770.

The work is divided into two books (Ma¬kalat). The first contains the simple medi¬caments in alphabetical order, fol. 3 b. Thesecond, which treats of compound medi¬caments, fol. 298 b, comprises sixteen chap¬ters (Bab), treating of as many differentkinds of preparations, as follows : oUîl i

OLjjil 0 iSJ'&SoJb^ P CAiyljii r *ObjJJ i oUjiJW OtfyJJtv uy^j &>jZ$\ 1O'JbjS! ir ir oUjb^l II ^je\J>i)\ !•

pt>\J\,\ n (jlfco^l io OUjiJl ifSee B. Seligmann, Ueber drei seltene

Persische Handschriften, p. 24, Stewart'sCatalogue, p. 109, Leyden Catalogue, vol. iii.p. 277, Do Jong, Catal. Bibl. Acad. Reg.,p. 227, and Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 13.

Add. 7711.Foil. 253; 10 in. by 6|; 22 lines, 5 in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Jumadall.,A.H. 832 (A.I). 142!)). [CI. J. Rich.]

The same work.

Copyist : c^-aH ^'LLj ^ ^L.* } Au^ 1*-?

Foil. 251—53 contain Ibn Sina's poem onthe soul (see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 402,xiii.), with a version in Persian verse, andan Arabic commentary.

Add. 17,950.Foil. 280; llj- in. by 7 ; 21 lines, 4| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Sha'banin the 20th year of the reign (of Aurangzib),A.H. 94 (i. e. 1094, A.D. 1083).

The first Makalat of the same work, withcopious marginal corrections.

Add. 6001.Foil. 151; 121 i n . hy 8£ ; 26 lines, 5f in.

long; written in Nestalik ; dated A.H. 1109(A.D. 1697-8).

The first Makalat of the same work.

Add. 23,559.Foil. 270; 9J in. by 6; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia, in the 17th century.

[Robert Taylor.]

470 MEDICINE.

The first Makalat of the same work.Foil. 2C0—270 contain a fragment on

various kinds of soil and of water, designatedby their Hindu names.

Copyist : ^J* jJ, kil>.

Add. 17,957.Foil. 77; 9 in. hy G; 11 lines, 3f in.

long; written in fair Nestalik; dated La¬hore, Kabi' I., in the fourth year of thereign, without designation of the sovereign;probably of the 17th century.

[Edward Galley.]The second Makalat of Ikhtiyarat i Badi'i,

treating of compound medicaments. At theend is added a chapter on some Hindupreparations called Pak, c^l^o tjSJt> i_^y>foil. 76 5—79.

Copyist: j^sr'U-

Add. 17,948.Foil. 136; 12£ in. by 9±; 11 lines, 4| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Surat,A H. 1222 (A.D. 1807).

c$j—>s- JMiM £cWA dictionary of drugs, written in four

columns, comprising the names found inthe Ikhtiyarat i BadfT, with their Arabic,Persian, and Hindustani equivalents.

It was compiled, as stated at the end, inSurat, A.II. 1222, for a Doctor Pudget (?)C^ril See the Arabic Catalogue,p. 459 b.

Egerton 1010.Foil. 422; 7f in. by 4|; 11 lines, 3 in.

long ; written in Shikastah-amiz, apparentlyin the 18th century.

;GjobW°

A manual of medicine.Author : Mansur B. Muhammad B. Ahmad

B. Yiisuf B. Ilyas, ^ L-a*»y, ^ ±*>-\ ^> jr al«o-Ul

Beg. CL+aii- jCi >6 j* ^U«> j _fL^jl—il

The work has been lithographed, with thetitle of ^jjyo^c s.>\s£, in Lucknow, A.II.1290. The author is evidently the same asthat of the treatise of anatomy alreadydescribed, p. 467 b, who there calls himselfMansur B. Muhammad B. Ahmad. In aportion of the preface, which is omitted inthe present copy, but is found in the next,as well as in the Lucknow edition, he dedi¬cates the present manual to a sovereign towhose court he had been attracted by thewide-spread fame of his justice and liberality,and whose titulature bears a close resem¬blance to that which precedes the name ofPTr Muhammad in the author's other work.The proper name of that prince, which iswanting in Add. 19,003, is supplied by thelithographed edition, in which it reads

jjjj (jUalwl t^.^lj 'iiiaLJ! AfcU? .The king thus designated is probably Sultan

Zain ul-'Abidin of Kashmir, who lived atabout the same time as Mirza. PTr Muhammad,having reigned from A.H. 826 to 877, and isdescribed as a generous patron of arts andscience. His conquest of Tibet and Panjabis amply sufficient to justify, in Orientalparlance, the epithet of " second Alexander,"

j j»a£=w1 , bestowed upon him by theauthor. That epithet has been mistaken fora proper name by A. Stewart, who describesthe work, p. 107, as " dedicated to SekuuderShah the Second, of Dhely, A.D. 1300." Ithas led the authors of the Leyden Catalogue,vol. iii. p. 276, to the equally unfoundedconclusion, that the prince to whom it is

MEDICINE. 471

applied could be no other than 'Ala ud-DinMuhammad Shah Khilji, who reigned A.II.695—716.

The work is divided into two Fanns, thefirst of which treats in two parts (Kism) oftheoretical and practical medicine, and thesecond, of ailments and medicaments. Theyare subdivided as follows:—Eann I. Kism1. Theoretical medicine, comprising fourMakalahs, viz., 1. substantial elements ofhealth, vi^° ^jU l_jU~>^, i.e. constituentparts of the body and its organs, fol. 9 a.2. Apparent conditions of health, l-jUJ<S*s?° ^ ) yo, i. e. temperaments and faculties,fol. 27 a. 3. Efficient causes of health, l^IjuJ

such as air, motion, sleep, foodand drink, evacuation, age, habits, etc., fol.32 a. 4. Various conditions and accidentsof the body, and their symptoms, fol. 50 a.Kism II. Practical medicine, in five Maka¬lahs, viz., 1. Preservation of health andgeneral treatment, fol. 70 b. 2. Localdiseases, in twenty Babs, fol. 100 b. 3.Eevers, fol. 258 b. 4. Diseases of the ex¬ternal parts, fol. 280 b. 5. Animal poisons,fol. 310 b. Eann II., comprising two Ma¬kalahs, viz. 1. Simple aliments and drugs,fol. 332 a. 2. Compound aliments and me¬dicaments, fol. 349 a.

Add. 19,003.Foil. 187; 7i in. by 4%; 13 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Ncstalik, apparently inthe 18th century.

The first portion of the same work, endingwith Bab 4 of Makalah 2, Kism II., and cor¬responding to foil. 1—146 of the precedingcopy.

Egerton 1011,Foil. 103; 9 in. by 6|; 17 lines, 5£ in.

long; Avritten in a cursive and rude cha¬racter, apparently in the 18th century.

A translation of the Arabic work whichbears the ahovc title, and which treats of themeans of increasing, or restoring, the virilepowers.

Translator : Muhammad Sa'id ut-Tabib B.Muhammad Sadik ul-IsfahanT, i>**~»

^j\Le)l\ JiiUfl J-**-* ^ U^>« ViH

Beg. ^ A* ^ ^LJ^li<jJl*»>

The translator says that, the above Arabic:work, which he ascribes to Ahmad B. Yusufush-Sharlf, being the best treatise writtenon the subject, he had translated it at therequest of Sayyid Jabir. The version isdivided, like the original, into two parts(Juz'), each of which comprises thirtychapters. The present copy breaks off inthe twenty-second chapter of Part II.

Haji Khallfah, who mentions the workwithout author's name, vol. iii. p. 349, saysthat it had been translated into Turkish forSultan Salim in A.II. 940.

Add. 17,951.Eoll. 372; 12 in. by 7; 29 lines, 5 in.

long; written in Ncstalik, apparently in the16th century.

^l>i>jjJ.£*»j AlsJ^ ^lXjuA treatise on Indian medicine.

Author : Bhuvah B. Khavas Khan, ^ t^>\^°' ^

<cy*Beg. 'ijS> } auJb C^S^-. sf]^)^-Miyan Bhuvah, or Bhuvah, son of Khavas

Khan, is mentioned by Nizam ud-Din Ahmadin the Tabakat i Akbarshahi, Add. 6543, foil.12 fc, 132, 135, and, after him, by Firishtah,vol. i. pp. 330, 345, 350, as one of the greatestAmirs of the reign of Sikandar Shah Lodi(A.H. 894—923). He is designated, like hisfather, by the title of Khavas Khan, and is

472 MEDICINE.

described in one place as Lord of the ChamberL-jVafT, and in another as Chief Justice

Jj*j-*. Having incurred the displeasure ofSultan Ibrahim, the successor of SikandarShah, he was cast into prison, soon after thatking's accession in A.M. 923, and was putto death two years later. His name, which iswritten in the best MSS. of the abovequoted works, has been changed to inthe Bombay edition of Firishtah, and toBhoory in Briggs' translation, vol. i. pp. 566,594, 597. Compare the extracts from Mush-taki in Sir H. Elliot's History of India, vol. iv.p. 451, notes, and p. 544.

Jt appears from, the preface that the author,having represented to Sikandar Shah thatGreek medicine was not suitable to the con¬stitution of the natives of India, obtainedHis Majesty's assent to the composition ofthe present treatise, which was compiledand translated from Indian, i. e. Sanscrit,works enumerated in the text, A.II. 918.

The preface, and an extract from the work,have been published, with a German transla¬tion, by Dr. Haas, Zeitschrift dor D. Morg.Gesellschaft, vol. xxx. pp. 630—642, and anaccount of the work, from a Hamburg MS.,which contained neither title nor author'sname, will be found in Dietz's AnalectaMedica, p. 171. See also Stewart's Cata¬logue, p. 108, and Mchren, CopenhagenCatalogue, p. 10.

Contents : Mukaddimah. Definition ofmedicine, its value, and its origin, fol. 6 a.Bab I. Introduction to therapeutics, oUJU .j

^e., or, in Sanscrit, Sutra Sthan, in thirty-two chapters (Fasl), fol. 7 b. Bab II. Struc¬ture of the human body, and anatomy of itsseveral parts, Sarirak Sthan, in nine chapters,fol. 68 6. Bab III. Diagnosis and treatmentof diseases, NIdan u Chikitsa Sthan, in eighty-seven chapters, fol. 90 a.

The work is stated in the endorsement,

fol.5 a, to be commonly known as ^j^C* u-»^.

A full table of contents is prefixed, foil. 2—4.The latter part of the MS., foil. 3G4—372,is in a late handwriting, although the sub¬scription is dated Shalijahaniibad, Safar,All. 1089.

The name of Miyan Bhuvah seems topoint to a Hindu extraction, and, if he was,as he pretends in the preface, the real authorof the Ma'dan ush-Shifa, he must have beenwell versed in the Sanscrit treatises fromwhich that work is compiled. His identity,however, with the Hindu Misra Bhfiva, authorof the Bhava Prakasa (see Aufrccht, BodleianCatalogue, p. 309), which Dr. Haas, 1. c.p. 641, considers possible, is more thandoubtful. The title of Khan, which belongedto him, and to his father before him, sufficesto show that both were Muslims. It is,moreover, quite impossible to suppose thata fierce Muhammadan zealot and ruthlesspersecutor of the Hindus, as Sikandar Shahis known to have been, could have conferredthe highest offices of state upon men ofHindu faith.

Add. 16,745.Foil. 646; 11 in. by 6£; 20 lines, 4£ in.

long ; written in Nestalik; dated Zulhijjah,A.H. 1079 (A.D. 1669). [Wm. Yule.]

The same work, slightly imperfect atthe beginning, with a table of contents,foil. 1—4.

Copyist: ij>j\ -g£> ui/* j^*?

Add. 18,680.Foil. 877 ; lOf in. by 6£; 17 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Nestalik, with Unvan andruled margins, probably in the 17th century.

[J. Haddon Hindley.]The same work, with a table of contents,

foil. 1—7.In identical notes written on the first and

last pages it is stated by Muhammad Vajih

MEDICINE. 473

ud-Din, that he had purchased the MS. fromthe Masjid Akbarabiidl on the 6th of Zul-hijjah, A.H. 1171.

Add, 16,746.Foil. 371; 10| in. by 6f; 21 lines, 5 in.


The same work, slightly imperfect at theend, and wanting the rubrics.

Add. 17,947.Foil. 230; 9| in. by 6|; 21 lines, 4| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Muharram,A.H. 1060 (A.D. 1650).

JyL*S

A treatise on therapeutics.Author: Sultan lAli Tabib Khurasani,

^Lu^i- i_-aj>i» jj^L**

Beg. eJs^ \jLStAS' Cj>jJl*- jj1j.IL*> j (_><Aa«*>r2- 5 is*

The author states in the preface that hecomposed this work in A.H. 933, and thathe had previously spent forty years in thestudy and practice of the medical art inKhorasan and Ma vara un-Nahr, and espe¬cially at Samarkand, in the service ofAbu '1-Mansur Kuchkunji Khan (the UzbakKhan, commonly called Kuchum Khan, whoreigned from A.H. 916 to 936; see p. 104 a).It was written at the request of anotherprince, Abu 1-Muzaffar Mahmud Shah, whohad called the author to the seat of hisgovernment, t£*$j> and had been curedby him of a dangerous illness.

It is divided into the following two books(Makalah): I. Local diseases, in twenty-five chapters (Bab), fol. 6 b. II. Generaldiseases, in eight Babs, fol. 170 b. A tableof contents is prefixed, foil. 1—4.

The same work is mentioned in Stewart'sVOL. II.

Catalogue, p. 107, where it is stated to havebeen dedicated to "Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan,Emperor of the Moghuls, A.D. 1334 " {i.e.A.H. 734—5), and in the Leyden Catalogue,vol. iii. p. 277, where the same erroneousstatement is repeated. The Dastur ul-'Ilajhas been lately lithographed, together withthe introduction described under the nextnumber, in the Hindu Press, Dehli, withoutdate.

Add. 17,946.Foil. 143; 11J in. by 6|; 15 lines, 4 in.

long; written in large Indian Nestalik;apparently in the 18th century.

^^*S \ $ a< lX&«An introduction to the preceding work,

by the same author.

Beg. jjiu ^jC- ^ J>jjft V^W \& j <W* j fc^This work is dedicated to Abu '1-Ghazi

Sultan Abu Sa'id, whom the author hadattended for twenty years. It is stated tohave been written subsequently to theDastur ul-Tlaj, and as a complement to it.It is divided into sixteen chapters (Bab),treating of hygiene, of the definition of medi¬cine, health and disease, pulse, crisis, etc.It is described, with the preceding work, inthe Leyden Catalogue, vol. iii. p. 277.

Abu Sa'id, son of Kuchkunji, was raisedto the Khanship after his father's death,A.H. 936, and reigned till A.H. 939; seep. 104 a, and Erskine, History of India underBaber, vol. ii. p. 99.

Add. 26,310.Foil. 129 ; 9± in. by 5f; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in cursive Indian Nestalik,apparently in the 18th century.

[Wm. Erskine.]A pharmacopeca ^.^f, in which com¬

pound medicaments are described in alpha¬betical order.

G

474 MEDICINE.

Author: Muzaffar B. Muhammad ul-IIu-

saini ush-Shifa'i, l Jîti\ â-^^ J^sC ^ J&i*Beg. ^ Jfr ijUMj ^ ^1 *)J j-^l

SîlThe author, who was a poet as well as a

physician, is mentioned by his townsman andcontemporary, Taki ud-Din, of Kashan, in hisTazkirah, where he is stated to have diedA.II. 963. See Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,p. 22.

A Latin translation has been published byFather Ange de St. Joseph, of Toulouse,Carmelite monk and missionary, under thetitle of" Pharmacopoea Persica," Paris, 1681.The work is mentioned in Stewart's Catalogue,p. 110, No. xxiii., Munich Catalogue, p. 135,Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 15, and by DeJong, Catal. Codd. Orr. Acad. Regise, p. 232.

Add. 23,560.Foil. 311; 114 in. by 7£; 23 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in fair Shikastah-amiz; datedZulhijjab, A.H. 1099 (A.D. 1688).

[Robert Taylor.]I. Foil. 2—98. A manual of medicine,

ascribed in the heading a^c- ^>jJo *3Lj,yioJ! to Hakim 'Imad ud-Din Mahmud.

Beg. ai^W >sjo U . . . «W j^J'T i^.j 1

The author, who in some of his works callshimself Mahmud B. Mas'ud, was a native ofSluraz, and a near kinsman of a celebratedphysician of the same city, Kamal ud-DinHusain, who died A.II. 953 (Tuhfah i Sami,fol. 49). The author of the 'Alam Aralmentions him, Add. 16,684, fol. 43, amongthe great scholars who lived about the closeof the reign of Shah Tahmasp, i.e. A.H. 984.He says that he was an eminent medicalwriter as well as a skilled physician, andthat, after being attached for some time tothe service of Abd Ullah Khan Istiijlu,

governor of Shirvan, he had been transferredby order of Shah Tahmasp to Mashhad.Kazi Nur Ullah had in his youth studiedunder him the medical works of Mir Ghiyasud-Din Mansur, a renowned philosopher ofShiraz, who died A.H. 948; see Majalis ul-Muminin, Add. 23,541, fol. 381.

The work, which has no preface, is dividedinto nineteen chapters (Fasl) of very unequallength, as follows: 1. Preliminary notices,fol. 2 b. 11.—xvi. Anatomy and diseasesof the following parts of the body:—head,eye, ear, nose, mouth, throat, breast, heart,stomach, liver, gall-bladder and milt, kidneysand bladder, bowels, genital parts, and joints,fol. 5 a. xvii. Tumours, ulcers, etc., fol. 13 b.xviii. Fevers, fol. 14 b.

Fasl xix., which forms the main portion ofthe work, is subdivided into two sections(Kism), viz. 1. Aliments and drinks, fol.20 a. 2. Simple and compound medica¬ments, classed according to their effect andthe diseases for which they are used, fol. 46 a.

II. Foil. 98 b— 214. An Arabic treatise

on compound medicaments, entitled OlJ^\«u*liJl, and ascribed in the heading ^.^f

^.jJl sUff fifs* to the same writer (seeArabic Catalogue, p. 633 a).

In the preface the author states that hebad applied himself from his childhood tothe study of the standard medical worksunder his father and other physicians, andhad carried on for nearly twenty years thepractice of the healing art, when he repairedto the court of SlnTh Tahmasp, to whom heoffered the present work. He adds that hewas engaged upon the composition of amanual of medicine (probably the precedingtreatise), which he had then brought downto the chapter treating of the anatomy ofthe tongue.

Foil. 215—218 a contain various medicalrecipes.

III. Foil. 218—262.

mmm

MEDICINE.

J*-A manual of medicine.Author: Amir Sayyid Isma'Il B. ul-Hasan

B. ul-Husain ul-Jurjani, ^ Ji**-^ ■Â-*A ^Beg. ,±xm jX*) ^jO U\ . . . &)J Jîi

(Jv^****^The author states in the preface that,

after he had completed the Zakhirah i Khwa-razmshahi (see p. 406 b), he had heen told hya prince whose name will be given furtheron, that a handy compendium of that volu¬minous work would he very desirable, andthat he had, in compliance with that wish,written the present abridgment. Ho hadgiven to it the name of Khafi, or " hidden,"because it was written in two volumes ofoblong shape, which could be convenientlycarried by the owner in his boots. Thesecond part of the title, 'Ala'T, is apparentlyderived from 'Ala ud-Daulah, one of thetitles of the prince above mentioned. Theauthor's patron is styled {y>-\ j^^â

A~o Ss- 'i^s- \j Jolfr jJIp-3 >\ ^\ Jj jjjiU,! Jji JUJ! (.'Jii ... «U1I

tlrt i*jjl j»l«s>- t\jL»jj\j>- (j> and inan earlier copy, Add. 27,261, written A.H.

814), pV^l 'i^s- ^jjJl Ay jÎL.^ jx*\^ji Ûaj . . . t*0\ ?\x*> j aJjjJI

Îtyî l\£i*jjltj^ fî j~*>\ j QYi » ) 1 jjl

If î)^ ij/ may be taken as an honorificepithet, and y3\ as the prince's real name,it would follow that the work was written inthe rci<m of Muhammad Khwarazmshah,O • '

A.H. 491—522, and for his successor, Atsiz,who was then commander of the army andheir apparent, a conclusion confirmed by thedate which is assigned to the Khafi 'Alai inStewart's Catalogue, p. 106, viz. A.D. 1113,i. e. A.H. 506—7. It is also stated in thepreface of the Aghrfiz, as quoted by Haj.

475

Khal., vol. i. p. 368, that the present com¬pendium was dedicated to Atsiz B. Khwa¬razmshah.

The Khafi 'Ala'I consists of two parts,treating severally of theoretical and prac¬tical medicine. They are subdivided asfollows. Part I., in two Makalahs, viz.,1. Preservation of health, in sixteen Babs,fol. 219 a. 2. Diagnosis of disease, in sevenBabs, fol. 232 b.

Part ii., comprising the following sevenMakalahs:—1. Advice to physicians, fol.238 a. 2. Treatment of local diseases, ineighteen Babs, fol. 238 b. 3. Fever, measles,and smallpox, fol. 257 «. 4. Tumours,sores, and wounds, fol. 260 a. 5. Frac¬tures, bruises, and dislocations, fol. 261 b.6. Treatment of the hair and of the skindiseases, fol. 261 b. 7. Antidotes, fol. 262 a.

IV. Foil. 262—264. Extract from the

Jami' ul-Fava'id i Yusufi, j*U t-Atf l-jIs^MîL*^ Jojyi)]

Yusufi is the Takhallus of Yusuf B.Muhammad, a physician of Herat, who livedunder Babar and Humayun. His medicalworks are the following: Fava'id i Akhyar,written A.H. 913, Kasidah fi Hifz Sihhat,i. e. a poem on hygiene, dedicated to Babar,A.H. 937, Kiyaz ul-Adviyah, written forHumayun, A.H. 946, Thij ul-Amraz, aversified treatise of therapeutics, and theabove work, Jami' ul-Fava'id, which is a com¬mentary on the preceding. See Fleischer,Leipzig Catalogue, p. 511, Krafft's Cata¬logue, p. 148, Stewart's Catalogue, p. 112,Leyden Catalogue, vol. iii. pp. 279, 280, Haj.Khal., vol. ii. p. 564, and Melanges Asia-tiques, vol. v. p. 261. It is doubtful whetherhe may be identified with the author of thewell known manual of epistolary compositioncalled BadaT ul-Insba, or Insha i Yusufi,which in the Khulasat ul-Insh;l, Or. 1750,fol. 158, is ascribed to Hakim Yusufi, Mun-shi of Ilumayun.

Gr 2

476 MEDICINE.

V. Poll. 264 6—311.

^/ryA manual of medicine, without author's

name.

Beg. fiXi Ji yjf l£yOZs£ ±>./ yJU>The author states, in a short preamble,

that, feeling his memory weakened by age,he had compiled this short compendium fromthe most esteemed Arabic and Persian works,and had given it the name of Mujiz Kummibecause its small size would allow of its beingcarried in the sleeve (Kumm). The follow¬ing Persian works are mentioned as sources:^fcl-j-^hi- j jrji A*>-\ *As& j ^js*^ Sjljjb

Jljfp j j ub\f$\ L-ASfj. The lastthree were written by Sayyid Ismiul Jur-jani in the early part of the sixth century ofthe Hijrah (see p. 467 «)•

The work is divided into thirty-eightchapters (Bab), subdivided into sections(Pasl), all of which are enumerated at thebeginning. The chapters are as follows:I. Treatment of infants, fol. 266 b. II. Signsof the temperament, fol. 268 a. ill. Seasons,ib. iv. Properties of various articles offood, fol. 268 b. v. Perfumes, fol. 270 a.vi. Garments, ib. vn. Bathing, ib. vin.—xxx. Local diseases and their treatment,in the customary order, fol. 270 b. xxxi.Pevers, fol. 296 b. xxxn. Tumours, fol.302 a. xxxin. Sores, fol. 303 a. xxxiv.Skin diseases, fol. 303 b. xxxv. Treat¬ment of the hair and skin, fol. 305 b.xxxvi. Bleeding and cupping, fol. 308 a.xxxvu. Pulse, fol. 309 a. xxxvin. Uriua,fol. 310 a.

Add. 18,543.Poii. 385; ioi in - b y 6 ; 15 lines > 4 in -

long; written in neat Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins; dated Rabi' I.,A.H. 1002 (A.D. 1593).

[J. H. Sternscuuss.]

£c|yW £cVA treatise on materia mcdica.Author: Afzal B. Yahya JilanI, ^

Beg. «£=> \j 'j^yT ^bb 0j ^US j <y+».liy*- i__ajllab

The author's name is found, as above, inthe preface, fol. 2 b ; but it is written by asecond hand, and over an erasure. Inthe following subscription, which is in thesame handwriting as the text, the transcriber,Muhammad Husain B. Ziya. ud-Dln ul-Jur-jani, calls the author Kamal ud-Din Afzal:

j <*-&.j»>i—ij^ ^._5*-*> ^ £jb

CL>j*a^.\s- L^lflLa«J^ Jjl^ ^ j> i—y> l^lf^- J-fljl J»-\

Jj^ll j^jj iU> s^xZij^jd jfcj^j J2\

The work is dedicated to Abul-MuzaifarShah Abbas (i.e. Abbas L, who reignedA.H. 996—1038).

Contents: Introduction (Mukaddimah),treating, in fourteen sections (Pa'idah), ofmedicaments, their degrees, preparation, anduse, in general, fol. 3 b. Makalah i. Simpledrugs, arranged according to the Abjad, fol.20 a. Makalah n. Various kinds of com¬pound medicaments, in twenty-four sections(Bab), fol. 279 a. Makalah iv. Diseases ofthe skin and their treatment, in twenty-fourchapters (Pasl), fol. 356 b.

Add. 23,557.Poll. 304; llf in. by 7|; 25 lines, 5± in.

long; written in Ncstalik; dated Shamakhi,Shirvan, Ramazan, A.H. 1121 (A.D. 1709).

[Robert Taylor.]I. Foil. 2—274.

ladA work on materia medica.Author: MuhammadMumin Husaini,^^?

ijtr** u*y

IMB^^^" —«.<M

MEDICINE. 477

Beg. (_>«jiu51 bj u*\5^ ^. cJjWj -1

The author says in the preface that,having inherited the experience gathered byhis father Mir Muhammad ZamFm Tanaka-buni Dailami, and his ancestors, and havinghimself practised the medical art accordingto their method, he had been induced tocompile the present work by the inaccu¬racies which he had noticed in the thencurrent pharmacopoca, Ikhtiyarilt i Badfi(p. 469 a). He had based it on the most trust¬worthy authority on the subject, viz. the bookentitled <-»*~^ (see the ArabicCatalogue, p. 632), and commonly calledJami' Baghdad!, to which he had madecopious additions, gathered from the Jami'of Ibn Baitar, the Tazkirat Uli-l-Albiib ofDa'ud ul-Antaki, the Mughni, the Shamil,the Kamil ul-Adviyah, the Jami' ul-Ad-viyah of Amin ud-Daulah, etc., and, lastly,from several works of Indian physicians,such as Bahar, Charak, Sat Jog, EIruzshahi,Bhojdev, Susrut, and others. He adds, in con¬clusion, that, as his father and grandfatherhad been court-physicians to the Safavisovereigns, and as he had himself at¬tended the present ruler, Shah Sulaiman(A.II. 1077—1105), he had adorned his pagewith the exalted name of the last-namedsovereign.

The work comprises two main divisions,the first of which contains five chapterscalled Tashkhls, and the second, which istermed Dastfirat, consists of three parts(Kism), as follows:—

Tashkhls 1. On the reason of the diver¬gence of the opinions of physicians respect¬ing the nature, properties, and doses, ofdrugs, fol. 3 b. Tashkhls 2. On the qualitiesof simple drugs and aliments in general,and their preparation, fol. 5 b. Tashkhls 3.Nature and properties of simple drugs andaliments, in alphabetical order, fol. 9 6.Taslikhis 4. On the treatment of poisons,

fol. 192 6. Tashkhls 5. On weights, fol.197 a.

Dasturut. Kism 1. Manipulation of simpledrugs, in five sections (Tank), fol. 198 b.Kism 11. Manipulation of compound medi¬caments, in twenty-four chapters (Bab), fol.208 b. Kism ill. Treatment of diseases.

As the last-named part is wanting in thepresent and other known copies, it appearsprobable that it never was written. Thefifth section (Tarik) of Kism I. has beentransposed in the present copy; it is foundat the end of Kism 11., foil. 262—274.

The aiithor's Nisbah Tanakabun! is derivedfrom Tanakabun, a Buluk of the district ofAmul, which is sometimes joined to Glliln(see the Zeitschriffc der D. Morg. Gesell-schaft, vol. xxi., pp. 242, 245), and whichappears to have been his birth-place. Hequotes occasionally some local names ofanimals or plants as current in the dialectof Tanakabun. On the other hand, hisacquaintance with the medical works andthe simples of India shows that he had beenliving a considerable time in that country.

The Tuhfat ul-Muminin has been printedin Dehli, A.H. 1266, and in Isfahan, A H.1274. It is mentioned in Stewart's Cata¬logue, p. 108, the Copenhagen Catalogue,p. 13, the Munich Catalogue, p. 134, and theOuseley Collection, No. 402.

II. Foil. 276—304. A treatise on thera¬peutics, with the heading : *)L*,

yS} CAs^U*^ is/iW* 4IH L* ^ y?.<*^Author: Muhammad 'Ala ud-Din B. Hihat

Ullah Sabzavari, called Ghiyas ut-Tabib,l1>LA^ 3 S-S^\ UPjVjJH*W tj!.-A\

l_^J;*la!\

Beg. uJ>J»\ j ti) 1—W jk- i/^ &

The work, which was compiled, as statedin the preface, at the request of some friends,from the standard works on the subject,

478 MEDICINE.

is divided into fourteen chapters (Bab), ac¬cording to the organs affected. The authorgives his name, as above, at the end, statingthat the treatise was completed in E-abi 1 I.,A.H. 871.

Copyist: ^j\J\ Jp lo, ^\On the first page of the MS. is a note,

stating that it was purchased by Mir Mu¬hammad Had! ul-Husaini, of Kazvin, in thetown of Shamakhi.

Add. 17,953.Foil. 433; 94 in. by 5£; 22 lines, 3f in.

long ; written in Nestable, with 'Unvan andruled margins, apparently in the 18thcentury.

Another copy of the ^i*^ *ia2Poll. 360—433, comprising the latter por¬

tion of the work, from the beginning ofTashkhis 4 to the end of Kism. II., are in alater hand.

Add. 16,747.Foil. 382 ; 12 in. by 8±; 27 , lines, 5§ in.

long; written by several hands, in IndianNcstalik; dated Rajah, the third year of'Alamgir II. (A.H. 1170, Ad. 1757).

[William Yule.]The same work.

Add. 6642,Foil. 531; 10 in. by 6fc ; 17 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Ncstalik, apparently earlyin the 18th century. [J. E. Hull. J

The preface and the first three chapters(Tashkhis) of the same work.

Add. 26,308.Foil. 103; 12£ in. by 7; 23 lines, 5£ in.


[War, Erskine.J

A portion of the same work. It containsKism i. of the Dasturat, with the exceptionof its last section, Tarik 5, and the whole ofKism n. The 24th chapter of the latter,which treats of the diseases of birds of chaseand their treatment, has a separate heading,«*U :l>, and a preface not found in othercopies.

Add. 26,311.Foil. 187; 81 in. by 6J; 15 lines, 4£ in.

long ; written on European paper, about theclose of the 17th century. [ Wm. Erskine.J

A dictionary of simple drugs, extractedfrom the Tuhfat ul-Mummin, Tashkhis 3, andwritten in tabulated form, with the additionof the Latin, and, in a few cases, of theFrench, equivalents.

On the first page is impressed a seal withthe name C*jj$$j\S>j (Vital Guyonnct P).

Egerton 1006 and 1007.Two uniform volumes, containing respec¬

tively 256 and 257 foil.; 10£ in. by 6; 20lines, 4£ in. long; written in Nestalik;dated Jumada I., A.H. 125 (for 1125 = A.H.1713).

JM\ L-J*A treatise on the symptoms of diseases and

their treatment, translated from the Arabic

work entitled j ^ (writtenfor Mirza Ulugh Beg by NafIs B. Tvaz Kir-mani; see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 224).

Translator: Muhammad Akbar, called Mu¬hammad ArzanI, B. Mir Haji Muklm,

^rr^ jif u>? jA

Beg. \J>\ t>b f\JL* ^tftf^J g**Mir Muhammad Akbar, better known as

Shah Arzani, lived in India, where his medi¬cal works are in high repute. It is stated

MEDICINE. 479

in the Yadgiir Bahaduri, Or. 1652, fol. 96,that he first applied for instruction to Sayyid'Alavi Khan, a well known Shiraz physician,who had come to the court of AurangzibA.H. 1115 (see the Mir'at Afitabnumii, fol.132, and the Oude Catalogue, p. 157), andthat, on his refusal, he betook himself toShiraz in order to study medicine there.The dates of his works, however, range, asfar as they can be ascertained, from AH.1112 to 1130. In the latest of them, Karaba-din i Kfuliri, the author gives the followinglist of his previous compositions: Tibb un-NabT, translated from Jalal ud-Din Suyuti,Tibb ul-Akbar, Mufarrih ul-Kuliib, Mizanut-Tibb, Ta'arif ul-Amraz, and Mujarrabati Akbari.

Muhammad Akbar says in his prefacethat, after completing the usual course ofstudies, and making himself acquaintedwith medicine, he had selected the " SharhAsbfib va 'Alamat" (whose author he does notname) for translation, as the best treatise onthat science. He had omitted, however, inhis version some superfluous arguments ofthe original work, and had made useful addi¬tions to it from the following books: Kanun,Havi, Aksara'i, SadidI, Mujiz, Zakhirah (seep. 166), Kifayah i Mujfihidiyyah (see p. 170),and others. The work was completed, headds, in the year expressed by the abovetitle, with deduction of the weak letters (1and j), i.e. 1122—10 = A.H. 1112, and atthe time when 'Alamgir, after subjugatingthe Deccan, " had washed the blood-stainedspears of his victorious armies in the watersof the Kishnah."

After the capture of Sattarah and of thefortress of Parli, Aurangzib crossed theswollen stream of the Kishnah, or Kistnah,with great difficulty and considerable loss, inthe month of Safar, A.H. 1112. See Ma'asir'Alamglri, p. 129. The same event is placedby Khafi Khan, vol. ii. p. 473, in A.H. 1111.

The Tibb ul-Akbar comprises scven-and-

twenty chapters (Bab) on local and generaldiseases, and an appendix (Khatimah) oncompound medicaments and technical terms.It has been repeatedly printed in the East,Calcutta, 1830; Dehli, A.H. 1265; Bombay,A.H. 1264, 1275, and 1279 ; Teheran, A. II.1275; and Lucknow, A.II. 1289. SeeStewart's Catalogue, p. 110, and Eleischer,Dresden Catalogue, No. 345.

Add. 17,949.Foil. 45; 12 in. by 8|; 25 lines, 6£ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Sha'ban,A.H. 1155 (A.D. 1742).

t-*^ Cjb*°

A manual of medicine by the same Mu¬hammad Akbar.

Beg. J\jj\ ^ U . . . 4) j^UThe author states at the beginning that

he had written this short manual for theuse of his own children and other students.It comprises the following three Makalahs :i. On symptoms, and the four qualities ofheat, cold, moisture, and dryness, fol. 2 b.n. On simple and compound medicaments, ib.in. On diseases and their treatment, fol.10 a.

The work has been printed in Calcutta,A.D. 1836, Cawnpore, 1874, and Lucknow,without date. See Stewart's Catalogue,p. Ill, and Ouseley's Collection, No. 400.

A leaf appended to the present volumecontains a short notice on the Parsi work,entitled ^ J^j^ > written by theBihdln Bahrain Earhad in the time ofAkbar.


long; written in Nestalik ; dated Sha'ban,A.II. 1221 (A.D. 1806).

480 MEDICINE.

L?jj£s>\A treatise on compound medicaments by

the same author.

Beg. ^pL,.»M \=\j^>\ J Oljfc LjsW jJJ»_^aJl_5

The author, having written down on looseslips such recipes as he had obtained fromexperienced physicians, found it necessaryto reduce them to order for his own con¬venience. Hence grew the present work.It is divided into a number of chapters(By,b), in which the medicaments arearranged under the various diseases forwhich they are used.

A table of contents is prefixed to thepresent copy, and another is appended to it.The latter is said to have been transcribedfrom the author's autograph.

Copyist : ^'iU ajb.K ^ ^\Jo^The Mujarrabat i Akbarl has been printed

in Lucknow, A.II. 1280, and in Bombay,A.H. 1276. See Stewart's Catalogue, p. 110,and the Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 11.

Add. 17,952.Foil. 880; 9\ in. by 5^ ; 15 lines, 3J in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik; dated A.1159 of Yardajird, Jumada I., A.H. 1204(A.I). 1789).

tSjM ^tyjA treatise on compound medicaments, by

the same author.

Beg. ^5-^ O^os- L-Jlla^-* (gVA** <J^The author states in the preface, after

enumerating his previous works, that he hadcommenced the present in A.H. 1126, andthat he had given it the name of Karabadini Kadiri, because he was a disciple of themost holy Sayyid Abd ul-Kadir JllanI (». e.a member of the Kadiri order). In thechapter on China root, fol. 832, A.H. 1130is mentioned as the current year.

The work is divided into three-and-twentyBabs, in which medical preparations aredescribed under the diseases for which theyare intended. In each Bab they are arrangedin alphabetical order.

The Karabadin i Kadiri has been printedin Bomhay, A.II. 1277, and in Dehli, A.H.1286. See Stewart's Catalogue, p. 110, xx.

Add. 26,309.Poll. 9; 7 in. by 4|; 11 lines, 2| in. long;

written in small Shikastah-amlz in the earlypart of the present century. [Wm. Erskine.]

Author: Firuz B. Mulla Kii'us, ^(jjjl/ &o

Beg. Jyip i_->la£°l j &^jJu*» yUilj t\ij\y>A short tract in defence of the inoculation

of the smallpox.The tract was written, shortly after the

introduction of inoculation in Surat, withthe object of refuting the religious objectionswhich Dastur Barzurji, a ParsI of Kustam-piirah, had raised against the practice. Itcontains some Zend and Pehlevi texts inthe original character.

Mulla Flruz is known as the editor of theDesatir, published in Bombay, 1818, and theauthor of a treatise on the intercalary yearof the Parsis, Bombay, 1828; see Zenker,vol. i. p. 108.

FARMERYAND FALCONRY.Add. 14,057.

Foil. 90; 8£ in. by 5f; 13 lines, 4| in.long; written in a rude Indian Shikastah-ainlz, apparently in the 19th century.

I. Foil. 3-60.

Jj^l*A treatise on farriery, translated from the

Sanscrit work known as Salihotra.

FARRIERY. 481

Translator: 'Abd Ullalx B. Safi, AW joeJ L*> &

Beg. o jr<a5! lJ~>.\ jJa- ^jji 4)'Abd Ullah states, in a sliort preamble,

that he had, in the reign of Sultan AhmadVali ul-Bahmani, and by his order, translatedinto Persian the Salihotra from the originalof Durgariisi, son of Sargarasi, ^Jl^ t^h^H-*^ *^ ti)^/' J- ^ ^ ^ ^-^i

»~*>-j> n.x*a fj!\*t 0 y^«j ^ eiJjii j\*>J J»J* by^ 1-

lie adds that the work was written in thecity of Kulbargah. The date of compositionwhich follows is, in the present copy, defec¬tively written " A. H. . . . hundred and ten,"

w,U jLs- The same workis dated in Stewart's Catalogue, p. 96,A.D. 1407 (AD. 810). As, however, AhmadShah Vali Bahmani reigned from A.II. 825to 838, that date cannot be correct.

Contents : Preface and table of chapters,fol. 3 b. Legendary account of the creationof the horse, whieh is said to have beenoriginally endowed with wings, fol. 4£.Defects of the horse, in fifty-two chapters,(Fasl) fol. 5 a. Good points of the horse, inthirteen chapters, fol. 22 a. Signs of theage of horses, fol. 20 a. Diseases of thehorse, with their treatment, and managementof the horse, fol. 29 b.

The treatise is illustrated with a greatnumber of coloured drawings of a ratherrude style of execution.

Sfilihotra is the traditional inventor of theveterinary art. He is stated in the introduc¬tory chapter to have been instructed by hisfather, AspastI ^j^x^, in the knowledge andmanagement of horses, while in the nextfollowing work he appears as a Brahman, themaster of Susruta. The same name, how¬ever, is defined by Abul-Fazl, in the A'in iAkbari, vol. ii. p. 144, as applying to theart itself, and it has come to be used as acommon designation of the works in which I

VOL. II.

it is set forth. See Weber, Verzeichniss derSanskrit Handschriften, p. 291, Elliot, Biblio¬graphical Index, p. 203, and History ofIndia, vol. v. p. 574.

II. Foil. 01—73. A treatise, without title,on the same subject.

Beg. ii>l*e u llaL> . . . t-^ A) jJA^Jlj \x}s)\

In the opening lines the Sultan Ghiyas ud-Din Muhammad Shah B. Mahmiid Shall Khiljlis mentioned as the reigning sovereign, andthe 21st of Muharram, A.H. 983, <Ju-wlvt—lJ^jjlpjjas the date of composition. AsGhiyas, ud-Din B. Mahmud, king of Malvah,who is here meant, reigned from A.II. 873to 900, the above date is obviously wrong;it is probably a clerical error for A.H. 883.

The work is divided into twelve chapters(Bab), subdivided in sections (Fasl), andenumerated at the beginning, as follows:1. Breeds of vai'ious countries, fol. 02 a.2. Mode of choosing horses, fol. 02 b. 3.Omens derived from the motions of horses,fol. 03 a. 4. Colours of horses, ib. 5. Theirblemishes, fol. 63 b. G. Their limbs, fol.05 b. 7. Diseases and remedies, fol. 06 b.8. Bleeding, fol. 09 a. 9. Diet and food,fol. 09 b. 10. Fattening, and treatment ofsores, fol. 71 b. 11. How to know the ageof horses by their teeth.

In the body of the work, however, thelast chapter is replaced by the two following :11. On various remedies, fol. 73 a. 12. Onlucky and unlucky marks in horses, fol. 73 b.

A fuller copy of the same work, with thetitle of Kurrat ul-Mulk, will be found amongthe Elliot MSS., Or. 1097, art. ii. See alsoElliot, Bibliographical Index, p. 203.

III. Foil. 74—89. Treatise on the diseasesof horses and their treatment, imperfect atthe beginning and end.

Prefixed to the volume is an English letterO

written by "Tirmal Rao, son of Rao Bahadoorn

482 FARRIERY.

Venkut Rao, principal Sudr Amecn of Dhar-war," on sending the work to the Eev. JohnWilson, D.D., president of the Bombay branchof the Royal Asiatic Society. It is datedDharwar, 20th August, 1840.

Add. 16,854.Foil. 122 ; 8 in. by 5. [William Yule.]I. Foil. 3—74; 15 lines, 3£ in. long;

written in neat Nestalik on gold-sprinkledpaper, with gold-ruled margins, in the 17thcentury.

A treatise on farriery, translated from theSanscrit, with a preface by Kwajah 'AbdUllah, entitled Abd Ullah Khan BahadurFiriiz Jang, »M L_Aali£*^ »*)! ^ s*-\y»

}ij>? j^r?

Beg. lib ±i£ ^.j ^CjjZi i__***t\

tJ~»=- CI*— £ S>.jf t£ iO

'Abd Ullah Khan says that the sages ofIndia had written of old, on the knowledgeof the horses and their maladies, a treatisein the Sanscrit tongue, consisting of 16,000Slokas. Most people being ignorant of thatlanguage, he called together, in the reign ofHis exalted Majesty, Shahjahan, some Pan¬dits well versed in Sanscrit, and had thatwork, there designated as W LJ , trans¬lated into Persian. He adds that theoriginal copy in his possession had beenfound, with other Hindu books, in somechests captured by him after defeating therebel Amar Singh, Ranii of Clritor.

'Abd Ullah Khan had been sent againstthe Rana. by Jalmngir in the fourth year ofthe reign (A.H. 1018); but Amar Singh didnot make his submission until A.H. 1023.'Abd Ullah Khan died A.H. 1054, at theage of seventy years. See Ma'agir ul-Umara,Tazkirat ul-Umara, and Elliot's History,vol. vi. pp. 335—9.

Contents : Introduction, treating of thecreation of the horse and of its colours, partly

abridged from a Persian Faras Namah,written in the time of Mahmud Ghaznavl,fol. G b. Knowledge of horses, and oftheir good and bad signs, in twelve Babs,fol. 13 a. Diseases of the horse, and theirtreatment, in thirty-eight Babs, fol. 33 b.This copy contains three coloured drawingsof horses.

An English translation of 'Abd UllahKhan's version has been published by JosephEarles, Calcutta, 1788. Sec also Sir H.Elliot, Bibliographical Index, p. 264, note,and Mehrcn, Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 16,no. xxxix.

II. Foil. 75—121; 16 lines, 2f in. long;written in fair Nestalik; dated Ramazan,A.H. 1098 (A.D. 1687).

The same work.

Beg. *->*~4^ ***** pL-**p^\j *»«-*«^ s-*j£i ^3&**S\This copy wants the preface and introduc¬

tion; it begins with a short statement thatthe work had been translated from theIndian into the Persian language in A.H.926. But in spite of this, and other minordiscrepancies, the substantial identity of thetwo versions is fully established by theirgeneral verbal agreement, especially in thePersian verses frequently inserted in the text.

Add. 7716.Foil. 47 ; 6 in. by 3|; 18 lines, 2| in. long;

written in Naskhi, apparently in the 18thcentury. [CI. J. Rich.]

U&b j\+*auc

A treatise on farriery.Author: Nizam ud-Dln Ahmad, JJair

<**»-l

Beg. <6 \j jjjUi- (jjl^ftjj ^jjU**!

jV S J* !

The author is called in the heading ofanother copy, Add. 23,562, Mirza Nizam,son of Mvilla Sadra.

FARRIERY. 483

It appears from the preface that thistreatise was compiled from earlier works byorder of Shah 'Abbas II. (AH. 1052—1077).Reference is made, fol. 45 a, to a census ofthe Shah's horses taken A.H. 1067, and, asit is stated further on that four years hadelapsed since then, it follows that the dateof composition is A.II. 1071.

Contents: Mukaddimah. Creation anddomestication of the horse, fol. 3 b. Mar¬halah I. Its good and bad qualities, andother things relating to the knowledge ofhorses, in nine Babs, fol. 6 b. Marhalah II.Rules concerning the rearing of horses andthe running of races, in nine Babs, fol. 21 b.Marhalah II. Treatment of the diseases ofthe horse, in nine Babs, fol. 31 a. Khatimah,on the horses of the Shah, and on amulets,fol. 44 b.

Add. 8989.Foil. 87; 7% in. by 4f; 12 lines, 3 in

long; written in Naskhi, apparently in the17th century.

Another copy of the same work, wantinga few lines at the beginning.

Add. 23,562.Foil. 92; 8£ in. by 5|; 21 lines, 3} in.

long; written in Naskhi; dated Sha'ban,A.H. 1213 (A.D. 1799). [Robert Taylor.]

I. Foil. 1—48. The same work.

II. Foil. 49—67. Another treatise on

farriery, with the heading a-oli-y aJLÂuthor: Hazin,

Beg. JW*? \ J'î^ j JSx» w )jV*>The author, who has been already men¬

tioned, p. 372 i, says that he had composed inhis youth, and in his native place, an exten¬sive work on farriery, and that, unable toprocure a copy of it in Indin, where he wasresiding, he had now written what he calls amere sample of his former work.

The earlier Faras Namah here referred tois mentioned by Hazin in his memoirs,Balfour's edition, p. 97. It was written inIsfahan about A.H. 1127.

The present treatise comprises nine sectionstermed Hulyah, on the knowledge of horsesand their diet, and ten chapters (Fasl) onthe diseases of horses and their treatment.

III. Foil. 67—90. A treatise on zoology,with the heading ^ja*' j d Dy thesame Shaikh Hazin, who here calls himselfMuhammad B. Abi Talib uz-Ziihidi JllanI,surnamed 'All, J^*?- (jrAfclp! ^\

jâZ\\

Beg. i^Lij^s* if ^-j o-L~>This tract is called in another copy, Or.

207, II., Tazkirah i Saidiyyah.Contents: Mukaddimah. Legal precepts

concerning hunting and the slaying ofanimals, fol. 67 b. Bab I. Account of someanimals of land and sea, arranged in alpha¬betical order, fol. 72 b. Bab n. Origin ofanimal life and its nature, fol. 88 a. Bab ill.Senses and faculties of animals, fol. 89 b.

IV. Foil. 90—92. A short tract on theweight of coins and on legal measures inKhorasan, with the heading: jd &!L«,

ijip } jÂ j j J^-**Author: the same Hazin, who here calls

himself All B. Abi Talib ul-Jilani, ^1 ^ J*^JaU uJU,

Beg. <il)l <—>l> >1;HJ JLi\ sxjj . . . >1S\

Add. 23,563.Foil. 169; 8| in. by 5f; 17 lines, 3§ in.

long; written in Naskhi, dated Sha'ban;A.H. 1246 (A.D. 1830). [Robert Taylor.]

A transcript of the preceding MS.

Add. 23,561.Foil. 100; 8| in. by 6£; 12 lines, 3£ in.


ii 2

J*

481 FALCONRY.

J-ji-A treatise on farriery, without author's

name.

Beg. C^jtas- Sft-î ^S* y ^-♦~=-

\j J^J\It is divided into two books (Kitab), the

first of which treats of the knowledge ofhorses and of their training, in forty chapters,and the second, of the diseases of the horseand their treatment, in sixty chapters.

The work is noticed by Fluegel in theVienna Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 553, where thecontents are fully stated.

Add. 7715.Foil. 80; 74 in. by 5 ; 12 lines, 3§ in. long;

written in Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins ;dated Baghdad, Ramazfm, A.H. 1204 (A.D.1790). [Cl. J. Bich.J

The same work.

Add. 19,528.Foil. 63; 8J in. by 5±; 14 lines, 8g in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the19th century. [Sir Tho. Phillips.]

A portion of the same work, extendingfrom the second chapter of book i. to thetwenty-ninth of book n.

Or. 374.Foil. 77; 6| in. by 5; 16 lines, 3| in.

long, written in cursive Persian Naskhi,probably in the 13th century.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]A treatise on falconry, without author's

name.It is imperfect at beginning and end.

What is now the first leaf of the originalMS., fol. 6, contains the end of a table of con¬tents, showing that the work comprised 135chapters (Bab), and the beginning of Bab 1,which is as follows :

C-i^ Ujo u} >. ir <& ^\ ^JU;

^ (^J^jl j i±»jJ u -> yti> JI Sj^L*

J J?V ^ll^-J J jy>\Z> ^ jjflj *->^ tÂ«-JL*-> t-Z->\—>.&f Lr >\JZ^jii jjjiy ibj£=> >b Ûa.t£ i_r>ULi' J <} idji Ji> j yjlali-j»jLu i_r>Ui' e.£ t> Mi>j> tjClli (j-j^* u^?-

^ j\ jwibjlJ'jb yty j a^Ci*^This first chapter contains a legendary

account of an ancient work from which thepresent treatise purports to be derived.Written by the sages of the town of Balnast_^\jL j^L, it passed, in the time of Alexanderand Aristotle, to Alexandria, and ' subse¬quently to Antioch. When the empressHelen and her son Constantino, wishinsr to* O

force a new religion on their people, resolvedto burn the contents of the royal library, itwas rescued with some other books, andconveyed to Baghdad (sic), where it wastranslated into Syriac. Hearing of its exist¬ence, the Khakan of the Turks, who waspassionately fond of falconry, sent for it, andhad it translated by a learned Turk of Pariyabi Marv, 3J* (-r'^j^. • Then follow varioustraditions relating to the invention of hawk¬ing, which is ascribed in turn to kingDemetrius, to Shapur B. Salm, to Abul-HarisMuaviyah, to a Roman emperor calledt_^yL~j, and to Constantine.

The following chapters, Bab 2—30, foil.13 b —35, treat of various kinds of birds ofprey, the names of which are given in Persian,Arabic, Turkish and Greek, of their selectionand training, and of their appearance in astate of health. The remaining chapterstreat of the diseases to which they are liable,and of their treatment. The present copybreaks off before the end of Bab 131.

Among authorities occasionally adducedare Ghitrlf B. Kudfimah, described as livingat the court of Harun al-Rashid, Mahdi h.Ahram, the Khakan of the Turks, and Khahlof Mavara un-nahr, a contemporary of theauthor.

r«»w.'ij|p».,mm * ,jmwaminQ»nnBHaMMWBP|

FALCONE Y.

It may be noticed as a dialectic peculiaritythat the third person of the plural is generallywritten without the final a, as for j.-vy,so as to become identical in form with theinfinitive.

Foil. 2—5 contain a short preamble and atable of chapters, written apparently in the17 tli century. On the first page is writtenthe title n),^, and on the fly-leaf **U jb.The passage above quoted shows that tj.&j>,the common designation of hunting birds, isthere applied to the work itself.

For Oriental works on falconry, see Ham¬mer Purgstall, Falknerklee, bestehend ausdrei ungedruckten Werken iiher die Falk-nerei, Pesth, 1810.

Egerton 1013.Foil. 108; 9 in. by 5£; 13 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik; datedEabi 'I., the thirtieth year of tbc reign (pro¬bably of Muhammad Shah, i.e. A.H. 1161,A.D. 1748).

j\iA treatise on falconry.Author: Muhibb 'AH, surnamed Khan

Khfis Mahalli B. Nizam ud-Dln 'All Marghu-

lani, fl-ki ^\ ^ u^- v*- 5 -^ ^ «-r*^tj^j* J*

Beg. ^j- ts'x»-ji j^n^JI u^°"J^ *^Muhibb 'All Khan, son of Nizam ud-Dln

'Ali Khabfah, prime minister of Babar, wasraised to the Khanship in the first year ofAkbar's reign, and died as governor of Dehli,A.H. 989. See Erskine, History of Indiaunder Baber, vol. i. p. 385, Ma'agir ul-Umara,fol. 448, Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 87, andBlochmann, Ain i Akbari, p. 420.

The author states that he was nearly sixtyyears old at the time of writing, and that,having from his youth upwards accompaniedillustrious monarchs on the chase, he had

185

acquired considerable experience. He dedi¬cates the work to Akbar, whose skill andprowess in the hunting field he praises atgreat length.

The work is divided into sixty-one chap¬ters (Bab), a full table of which is given inthe preface.

Contents: Preface, fol. 2 b. Precepts ofthe law relating to the chase, fol. 9 b.Qualifications of a perfect huntsman (MirShikar), fol. 12 b. Capture and breeding ofhawks, fol. 13 a. How to select hawks andother kinds of hunting birds, fol. 20 a.Signs of health and disease, fol. 24 a. Direc¬tions relating to hunting in general, and tothe diet and training of the different kindsof hunting birds, fol. 26 b. Diseases ofhawks, and their treatment, fol. 68 b.Snares and decoys, fol. 87 b. Selection andtraining of panthers, jy., fol. 101 a.

Egerton 1012.Foil. 124; 9f in. by 54; 21 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Indian Shikastah-Amiz,apparently in the 17th century.

\

Beg. ij Jt^\y- p*A> jb%f j\sA w >j j>

Bahadur is the poetical surname assumedby the author in a versified preamble, foil.1—5, containing eulogies on 'Abd ul-KadirJilani, on his own spiritual guide, MirMuhammad Ashraf, and on the reigningsovereign, Aurangzib. He states in thenext-following prose preface, that he hadundertaken the present work at the urgentrequest of Ja'far Beg, whom he calls hismaster in the craft, and of his ownbrothers, La'l Beg and Habib Ullah, adding

m

■ ■

• - - --w

486 ALCHEMY.

further on that he had written it in thetown of Bhaskar j^—tf w^'> Siihah of BerarBalaghath, in the 25th year of the reign ofAlamgir, corresponding to A.II. 1091. Itmust be observed, however, that in thepoetical preamble, fol. 5 a, mention is madeof the capture of Sanbha, which took placeA.H. 1101.

The work is divided into forty-threechapters (Bab), a list of which is given atthe end of the preface, fol. 8. The firstthirty-nine treat very fully of the trainingof hawks and other hunting birds, and oftheir employment in the chase. Thenfollow—Bab XL. Diseases of hunting birds,in sixty-eight sections (Pasl), fol. 84 b.Bab xli. Their treatment, in as manysections, fol. 93 b. Bab xlii. Miscellaneousinstructions, in four sections. The presentcopy breaks off before the end of the fourthsection of this last Bab.

ALCHEMY AND CABALISTIC.

Add. 17,956.Poll. 127; 12£ in. by 8£; 10 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in large Indian Nestable;dated August, A.D. 1807.

A treatise on alchemy ascribed to Tanku-lushah the Great, rtr ^ aU^boJ u-jIzj

Beg. JUai jii i£ ,J»\£» jif ^ l1*~JoJ

<S**»\ i^fci i^tr) jv* ^ JIt is divided into sections bearing the

following titles: ^ ^4 C^hs>, &*ju- j\j*A,ixxm, jy^

Por an account of that mythical sage,more commonly known as an astrologer, seeChwolsohn, Ueberreste der altbabylonischenLiteratur, p. 130, and Gutschmid, Zeitschriftder D. M. Gesellschaft, vol. xv. p. 79.

Copyist: J\j J*l J ^ J«! jxl*

Add. 17,966.Foil. 259; 10 in. by 5^; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in a cursive Indian Naskhi,apparently in the 18th century.

I. Poll. 7—101.

l_-jUs»»1 CL>i>>

" The seven friends," a treatise on alchcmv.' *

Beg. ol^i J^flt^? <>^ l)^}*' U5 a-»=-The author of the preface, who calls him¬

self Hamid ud-Din Nagori, states that thework was the joint production of himself andsix friends, each having contributed one ofthe seven parts (Bab), of which it consists,in the following order :

i. Hamid ud-Din Nagori, fol. 12 b. II. AHindu Jogl, originally called Gyan, who isstated to have been brought over to theMuslim faith by the six others, and to havetaken the name of SaVidatmand, fol. 23 b.in. Shaikh Sulaiman Mandu'i, fol. 51 b.iv. Mir Sayyid Muhammad Hashim Bukhari,v. Miran Sayyid Tayyib Audhi, fol. 62 b.vi. Shaikh Nasir ud-Din Niirnoli, fol. 76 a.vii. Maulana Muhammad Sadik Multani,fob 81 b.

The above names are those of IndianShaikhs who lived in very different periods,as Hamid ud-Din Nagori, who died A.H. 643,Shaikh Sulaiman Mandu'i, who died A.H. 944,and Mir Sayyid Tayyib of Bilgriim, who diedA.H. 1066; see Iliyaz ul-Auli'ya, Or. 1745,foil. 109, 131, and Or. 1804, fol. 38. Theirconnection with the present work is evidentlyfictitious.

Bab ii. contains a long piece in Hindiverse, with Persian glosses. Bab iv. whichhas been transferred to the end, foil. 100—101, is imperfect.

II. Poll. 102—119. An alchemical tract,treating especially of the tincture of metals,written, as stated in the heading, by AbuAH Sina for Khwajah Husain Jj^ [sic].

CABALISTIC. 487

Beg. gjXe- «JM 'L*>-j UuMt ^ j>\ *>-\j=>-{J&^jL* y>\ } (j* l£^!t* ^

This is apparently a translation of IbnSina's Arabic treatise on alchemy, writtenfor Abul-Hasan Sahl B. Muhammad us-Sahli, and mentioned by Ibn Abi Usaibiah,

A.D. 7350, fol. 127 b, ^ ^ J\ 8U,^WS^ (J ^ a-**? J4»*». Compare Wiis-tenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Acrtzto,p. 72, no. 39.

III. Foil. 119 6—129 b. Short alche¬mical extracts, with a passago of Akhlak iNftsiri, relating to philosophy and its di¬visions.

IV. Foil. 131—254.

liljJJ! lidA Hindustani treatise on medicine and

magic, without author's name.

Add. 7713.Foil. 237; 7^ in. by 5; 19 lines, 8£ in.

long; written in a fair Naskhi, probably inthe 13th century. [Cl. J. Rich.]

A treatise on the construction of thecabalistic squares called in which thenumbers added up in any direction producethe same total, and of some other arithmeticalfigures, with numerous diagrams.

The work is divided into a Mukaddimah,five chapters (Bab), and a Khatimah. Theheadings of the Babs arc as follows :

Fol. 3 a. ^1 j-'fij k-^-^j I*,?* j-ij JS& iFol. 126 a. c^J>\ l-o-A—i_* Q A> £>s ^ rFol. 165 a. d\ss-\£,Oj\ <-^)f-jjA\yj\ ^ki. j>A;Z rFol. 1776. y\ ^ss- ji^j t—AKNj i«Fol. 228 b.jj^j iIaIjU Jl£il J( > jij £fjj* «

This copy wants the preface, a portion ofthe introduction, and all but a few lines ofthe Khatimah, which treats of the virtues ofthe above figures.

A spurious beginning, written by a later

hand, ascribes the work to Abu-MasharBalkhi.

On the last page is found the date Rajab,A.H. 608, la &i»> t-*fj ii»fJl j?/J jdprobably copied from the original subscrip¬tion of the MS.

Add. 23,582.Foil. 30; 6} in. by 4 ; 12 lines, 2£ in.

long, written in Naskhi; dated Rajab,A.H. 1225 (A.D. 1810). [Robert Taylor.]

&*b JliA book of divination, in which certain

predictions or omens arc arranged under thenames of five and twenty prophets.

Beg. ytolLJ ^ <-^*~-?j a-rfl-j Jli ikSliljjjA*»AjU$ L-Ûa- t^&Jf

Foil. 26—30 contain some verses byValishi and Sa'di, transcribed by 'AH Riza,surnamed Mirza Baba, Nurbakhshi Shirazi.

ARTS AND GAMES.

Add. 16,853.Foil. 190; 7i in. by 4|; 15 lines, 3 J in.

long, written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andruled margins, apparently in the 16th cen¬tury. [Wm. Yule.]

is\s^^ u-îlA treatise on the art of war.Author : Sharif Muhammad [B.] Mans fir

[B.] Sa'id etc., Kuraishi, surnamed Mubarak-shah, commonly called Fakhr Mudabbir,sll^L^ t-âX* (J^J> • . • • jy^* ^*"c v.j£>

Beg. y&jl**> j u-V - 3 d> <J^-> 3 ^"♦ s-\J

The author, who in the preface traces his

4S8 ARTS AND GAMES.

genealogy up to Abu Bakr, mentions inci-dentally, fol. 99 b, as his maternal ancestor,the Amir Bilkatigin, " who succeeded to theGreat Chamberlain Alptigin as king ofGhaznin, where he reigned four years (A.PL359—362), and was the father-in-law ofSultan Yamin ud-Daulah Mahmud Ghazi."(Sec Raverty's Tabakat i Nasiri, p. 73, notes,and Elliot's History, vol. ii. p. 267, note, andp. 479).

Relating, in another passage, fol. 186 a, amarvellous instance of recovery from adeadly wound, the author states that it hadcome under his observation in Multan,fifteen years after the defeat of KhusrauShah by Ala ud-Din Ghurl (A.H. 550; seeKamil, vol. xi. p. 108), he being at the time(i.e. about A.H. 565) a mere youthwhile in the preface he describes himself asold and infirm. Several other references toMultan make it probable that it was hisnative place.

He dedicates the present work to thePadishah of Islam, Shams ud-Dunya wad-Din Abul-Muzaffar Iltatmish us-Sultan, NasirAmir ul-Muminin (who ruled the empire ofDehli from A.H. 607 to 633), and callshimself the least of his servants.

The work is divided into thirty-four chap¬ters, which arc enumerated in the preface,foil. 9, 10. The following table, written byMajor Yule on the fly-leaf, gives a fair ideaof the contents :—

Chapters 1 to 4. On the regal characterand duties, fol. 12 b. 5. On the choice ofministers, fol. 51 b. 6. Intercourse withforeign states by ambassadors, fol. 56 b.7. On counsel, and avoiding the extremity ofwar, fol. 66 a. 8. On horses, their qualitiesand use, fol. 71 a. 9. On their marks; onbreaking in for the saddle, fol. 70 b. 10. Ondiscovering the age of horses by inspectingtheir teeth; on food and medicine, fol. 87 a.11. On the arms and armour of cavalry,

fol. 96 b. 12. On reviewing an army, andpreservation of order, fol. 109 b. 13. Onencampments and changing of ground, fol.112 a. 14. On guards, rounds, videttes andspies, fol. 115 a. 15. On night attacks,fol. 118 a. 16. On placing ambushes, fol.119 b. 17. On the choice of a field of battle,fol. 123 b. 18. On arranging the several de¬scriptions of troops, fol. 126 b. 19. Orderof battle, fol. 129 a. 20. On coming toaction, and attention of commanders of corps,fol. 131 a. 21. On engaging battle, fol.133 b. 22. On public worship in front ofthe enemy, fol. 138 b. 23. On the courtesiesof the field, fol. 141 b. 24. On the unityand composition of an army, fol. 146 b.25. On religious wars, fol. 151 a, 26. Onplunder, fol. 154 />. 27. On the siege offortified places, fol. 159 a. 28. On theefficacy of the prayers of the pious in anarmy, fol. 166 b. 29. On the omens ofvictory, fol. 172 b. 30 and 31. On rewards andpunishments, fol. 176 a. 32. On gymnasticexercises and military weapons, fol. 180 a.33. On the fact that, whether you flee likea poltroon, or face the enemy like a hero,you will not die till your day come, fol.185 a. 34. On certain maxims which itequally behoves the sovereign, subject, andsoldier, to attend to, fol. 188 b.

The MS. breaks off before the end of thelast chapter.

The work contains a great number ofhistorical anecdotes, relating principally tothe Ghaznavis.

Add. 26,306.Toll. 62; 61 in. by 44;; 17 lines, 2\ in.

long ; written in small Nestalik, with 'Unvanand ruled margins, apparently in the 17thcentury. [War. Ekskine.]

c-oLvA

A treatise on archery, in twenty-sevenchapters (Bab).

ARTS AND GAMES. 489

Author: Muhammad Budha'i, commonlycalled Sayyid Mir 'Alavi, iW i—i^ ^t>u d^**

ij jiff- j£C

Beg. Ûly WT ilfr j J=- \j>)^- j« ÛSj

It is dedicated to 'Ala ud-Dunya wad-DinAbu-l-Muzaffar Husain Shah, who reignedin Bengal, according to Perishtah, fromA.H. 904 to 927; see Briggs' translation,vol. iv. p. 349, and Marsden, Numismata,p. 577.

There are some drawings in the marginsof foil. 17, 18, representing archers in Indiancostume drawing the bow in various atti¬tudes. There are also some notes andadditions in the margins. See BibliothecaSprenger., No. 1940.

Egerton 1031.Poll. 55; 8 in. by 5|; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik; datedSafar, A.H. 1200 (A.D. 1785.)

The same work.

Egerton 793.Foil. 211; 8£ in. by 4£; 13 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik; datedSha'ban, A.H. 1194 (A.D. 1780).

A treatise on music, translated from aHindu work ascribed to Ahobal

Translator: Raushan ZamTr, j+?o

Beg. «*ôj &y+> ^jj**3 &y*\j>\The translator calls himself a born slave

of Padishah 'Alamgir (A.H. 1068—1118).The title of the original work is uncertain; itappears in three different forms, viz. uLIjU-jl>>fol. 2 a, ^Xi\a-J3, fol. 51 a, and ulliU-jl*,in thesubscription. It is not stated whether itwas a Sanscrit or Hindi work. The technicalterms are Sanscrit, but several Hindi Dohrahsare introduced.

VOL. II.

The treatise is divided into three parts,as follows: 1. Glti-kanda, ^ <JL>J, fol. 3 b.2. Vada-kanda, S>K sb, fol. 97 b. 3. Nritya-kanda, Sii Oy, fol. 149 b.

Add. 16,662.Poll. 119; 10i in. by 7; 17 lines, 5 in.

long; written in large Nestalik; dated Zul-ka'dah, A.H. 1205 (A.D. 1791).

[ Wm. Yule.]I. Poll. 1—94. Zauzani's Commentary

on the Mu'allakat; see the Arabic Catalogue,p. 479.

II. Poll. 95—119.

eOii.iJ.ii <JL*j

A work on agriculture, treating chiefly ofthe culture of fruit-trees, flowers, vegetablesand grains, as practised in India.

Author : Ahmad 'AH B. Muhammad Kha-

Hl, of Jaunpur, \jjj&yr JjJi- ,vs? ^ ^ 4*»>l

Bc g- ])^^° U"^5 J 1 vsj^- JThe author says, in a short preface, that

this treatise had been abridged in A.H. 1205,from the works designated as Jl^j i_r>l3tf/

j~~J^ A\ oii^>* if J byAman Ullah ul-Husaini (i.e. Khanzaman,who died A.H. 1046 ; see Add. 5554).

Add. 17,960.Poll. 55; 8f in. by 5; 17 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in Indian Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century.

£^ljuaJI S&>y+£?A collection of useful secrets and curious

recipes for making artificial pearls andjewels, preparing various inks and dies,engraving stones, dissolving and oxydizingmetals, making artificial flowers, illuminatingbooks, etc., without author's name.

I

490 ARTS AND GAMES.

Beg. \j^jo\*> Oj-a> Îw^ll ^.lW jIt contains forty-two chapters (Bab), sub¬

divided into one hundred and forty sections(Pasl).

According to Stewart's Catalogue, p. 97,the work was written by Zain ul-'Abidin inthe reign of Aurangzlb. But a Turkishversion, which appears to have been writtenabout A.D. 1655 (A.H. 1065), is described inthe Vienna Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 525.

Add. 17,959.Poll. 175; 8£ in. by 4|; 13 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik, in thelatter half of the 18th century.

O^jj^j OâU

A cookery-book, without author's name.

Beg. »My *j>~ J*iS ^jrj

ft_Sly»- tjyS' -âiOj—i iîo

After an introduction treating of the ritesand observances to be attended to beforeeating, the author gives, foil. 20, 21, a tableof the forty chapters (Bfib) comprised in thebook. Another title, viz. C^> isfound in the heading of a full table of con¬tents prefixed to the volume by anotherhand, foil. 2—9. A frequent use of Hindiwords shows that the work was written inIndia. It was completed, as stated at theend, in A.H. 1179; but it is not clear,whether the date relates to the composition,or to the present copy.

Add 16,856.Foil. 63; 10 in. by 6; 10 lines, 2$ in.

long ; written in neat Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins ; dated Rabi' I., A.H.1021 (A.D. 1612). [Wm. Yule.]

A treatise on the game of chess, abridgedfrom an Arabic original.

Author: Muhammad B. Husam ud-Daulah,

aJjjJ! j,L-»- <jJ J^s?

Beg. iS tj&£** C^j^s- Jz> t_)»>Ui> o"^*»

The Arabic work entitled ^s- ,j ^ l-jII*'by Muhammad B. 'Umar Kajina

<Uas? j+s- u-), is stated in the preface to bethe most useful treatise on chess. As therewas, however, only one copy of it in theland, and that an incorrect one, it appeareddesirable to make an abridged version of itin Persian, and the author performed thattask by the order of a sovereign who isdesignated by such titles as Â** Oîa-.... yUj j ^& t^W^ li,^—'• ££j j%JX"(^.csJ^j V^>jJ\j j*? I J&iW, but whose propername does not appear.

It is divided into fourteen chapters (Bab),as follows:—1. The companions of Muham¬mad and their disciples have played atchess, fol. 7 a. 2 and 3. Proofs of the lawful¬ness of the game, and its advantages, fol. 9 a.4. Inventor of the game; multiplication ofthe squares, fol. 13 b. 5. Etymology of theterms of the game, fol. 17 b. 6. Polite rulesto be observed in playing, fol. 22 a. 7. Ad¬vice to players, fol. 24 a. 8. How to tellthe issue of a game, fol. 31 a. 9. Openingof the game, fol. 33 b. 10. On some inge¬nious games on the chess board, fol. 36 a.11. Positions \tfytx*>, or chess-problems, fol.41 a. 14. On playing without looking atthe board, fol. 62 a.

The present copy is defective. Of Bab 9the first three lines only are extant. Thelatter part of Bab 11, and the whole of Babs12 and 13, are wanting. The last two arealso omitted in the table of chapters at theend of the preface.

ARTS AND GAMES. 491

An abstract of the work lias been givenby Mr. Bland in bis " Persian Chess," Lon¬don, 1850, pp. 18—25. The title above men¬tioned u^.U* "the august Majesty"was taken by him for a proper name, and ledto the statement that the treatise had beencompiled for the emperor HumHyun.

Sloane 4095.Paper roll; 16 in. by 5^ ; written in plain

Naskhi, apparently in the 18th century.Explanation of some technical terms,

designating various kinds of ornamentalp

buildings, such as LS-^>, bj>., etc.

PHILOLOGY.

LEXICOGRAPHY.

Persian Dictionaries.

Or. 1262.Poll. 101; llf in. by 7; 23 lines, 4£ in.

long ; written in fair Indian Shikastah-amiz;dated Zul-Hijjah, A.H. 1102 (A.D. 1091).

iLoiM Sbl

A dictionary of words and phrases used bythe standard Persian poets.

Author: Kazi Khan Badr Muhammad

Dihlavi, called Dharwal, Jtx>JV)jl*JJ <__>}yi\ v/jl*J

Beg. obWIj &J) j ^♦=>-c^L*)lj t_JL«jM

This work is noticed by Blochmann, p. 7of his learned "Contributions to PersianLexicography," Journal of the Asiatic Societyof Bengal, vol. xxxvii. pp. 1—72, a workwhich will be constantly referred to in thefollowing pages. See also Stewart's Cata¬logue, p. 131.

The author had studied the Persian poets,as he states in the preface, under Kazi Bur-hiin ud-Dln, known as Dahanah, and unde r

Shaikk-Zadah 'Ashik (the author of a dic¬tionary quoted in the Parhang i Jahungirl)He compiled in the present lexicon the mattercontained in the following works:—Par-hang Nfimah, by Fakhr Kavvas (mentionedby Firishtah, vol. i. p. 214, as one of thepoets of the reign of'Ala ud-DIn Khiljl, A.H.695—716 ; he is called, in the Parhang i Ja-hanglri, Maulana Mubarak Shah Ghaznavi;see Blochmann's list of sources, p. 4, No. 61),Risfdat un-Naslr (ib., No. 19; Haj. Khal.vol. iii. p. 450), Risalat i Asadl Tusi (No. 2),Dastur ul-Afazil (No. 17), Lisan ush-Shu'ara(No. 46), and Pava'id i Burhani u Pirdausi(No. 40). To the above he added otherwords, names of kings and countries, etc.,collected by him in the Divans, as well aspoetical phrases used by Khakani, Anvari,Pariyab!, Pirdausi, Sa'di, and other classicalpoets.

In A.H. 812 (or, according to Stewart andBlochmann, A.H. 822) he set out from Jaun-pur to the end of kissing the threshold ofthe illustrious prince Kadr Khan B. DilavarKhan, Csfo Jte ^ > ^

^Japl jj,^ <J~j**$ whose fame as amunificent patron of learning had spread farand wide, and he made use of this ParhangNamah as an introduction to His Highness.

I 2

492 PERSIAN DICTIONARIES.

Dilavar Khan, the founder of the Ghuridynasty in Malvah, had taken up his residencein the city of Dhar, from which the author'ssurname, Dhfirval, is evidently derived. Hisson Alp Khan reigned, under the name ofHushang, from A.H. 808 to 838. Anotherson, Kadr Khan, was in possession of the pro¬vince of Chanderl (Thorntons Chandhairee),which, on his demise, was added to thedominions of Hushang. ■ SeeTarikh Muham¬mad!, Or. 137, fol. 428, and Eirishtah, vol. ii.p. 462.

The Adat ul-Euzala is divided into twoparts (Kism), viz. Kism I., containing singlewords arranged in alphabetical order, accord¬ing to the first and second letters of each,fol. 5 b. Kism II., containing compoundsand poetical phrases, arranged according tothe initial and final letters, fol. 77 b.

The copyist states at the end that his MS.had been written by a blundering scribe, andthat he had corrected it to the best of hisability.

Eoll. 1—3 contain an extract on Persianparticles, and foil. 97—101 a glossary ofArabic phrases in the Gulistan.

Add. 7678.

Eoll. 285; 7i in. by 4^; 19 lines, 2| in.long ; written in small Naskhi, apparently inthe 17th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

<_$jjju-o d**s»\ »&*>lji^»

A Persian dictionary.

Author: Ibrahim Kivam Farukl, ^\,\r J -J>P fiy

Beg. <o ±>j\±i-

0>««.fe s£ \j «/cli Jt> j^y*>

A prologue in verse contains a panegyricon a celebrated Shaikh, Sharaf ud-Dln Ah¬

mad Munyari, in whose honour the abovetitle was given to the work. It concludeswith a prayer that the author may be ac¬counted one of the dwellers in that saint'sholy shrine, and may never be removedfrom it.

Sharaf ud-Dtn Ahmad B. Yahya Mun¬yari, so called from his native place, Mun-yar, a village in Bihar, went to Dehli inquest of Nizam ud-Din Auliya, but, findinghim dead (Nizam died A.H. 725), became aMurid of Shaikh Najib ud-Din Eirdausi, whogave him the investiture of the Chishti order.He spent the latter part of his life in thecity of Bihar (Thornton's Behar), where hedied A.II. 782, and where his tomb became theresort of the devout. His letters (Stewart'sCatalogue, p. 42) are much admired, as well ashis discourses, collected under the title ofMa'dan ul-Ma'anl (see Melanges Asiatiques,vol. v. p. 458). Notices on his life will befound in Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 113, Akhbarul-Akhyar, fol. 97, A'ln i Akbari, vol. ii.p. 219, and Blochmann's translation, p. 48,note.

It may be inferred from the above that theauthor lived in the city of Bihar. The timeof composition is indicated by a quatrain,with which, according to Blochmann's fullaccount, 1. c, pp. 7—9, the work concludes,and in which Abul-Muzaffar Barbak Shahis mentioned as the reigning sovereign.Barbak Shah reigned in Bengal, according toTabakat i Akbarshahl and Tarikh i Eirishtah.vol. ii. p. 580, A. II. 862—879. See alsoMarsden, Numismata, p. 572.

The Sharaf-Namah is divided into severalBabs, each of which contain words begin¬ning with the same letter. They are sub¬divided into Easls according to the finalletters. The pronunciation of words is statedat length, and their meaning illustrated bycopious quotations of the poets, from Eir¬dausi to Hafiz. The author often adduceshis own verses, and prefixes to each Bab

PERSIAN DICTIONARIES. 493

a Kasidah of his composition. Turki wordsare given at the end of each Pasl.

The work, which is frequently called, fromthe name of its author, Farhang i Ibra¬him!, is quoted in Tuhfat us-Saadat (seebelow, p. 493 b) and later dictionaries. Copiesare mentioned in the Munich Catalogue,p. 103, and the Melanges Asiatiques, vol. iii.p. 491. See also Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 325.

The present copy contains little morethan the first half of the work, ending withthe letter ^jo.

Or. 265.Poll. 161; 9 in. by 5£; 19 lines, 3J in.

long; writted in small and neat Naskhi,apparently in the 17th century.

[Geo. "Wm. Hamilton.]I. Poll. 2 — 60. Adfit ul-Puzala (see

p. 491 a).This copy wants the first page, the dedica¬

tion to Kadr Khan, and Kism II.II. Eoll. 62—161.

Â Persian dictionary.

Author: 'Asirn Shu'aib 'Abdusi, uûwii ô\s-

Beg. o-ULui j^jj j*}yr j

Requested by some friends to collect intoone book all the words, Pars!, Pehlevi, Rumi,Nabati, or Turki, necessary to a completeunderstanding of the poets, the author com¬posed the above work, and presented it,A.H. 899, to a Vazir called 'All Akbar, andentitled Da'ud Khan, son of the Vazir 'Imiid

ul-Mulk, p& ... m^j^jA- ^1*lX>£j> • • • • Ojlj-e fy»j jJU* ^ J}^ fÛ*

u-»jj«*N jS\ jj& tfy->U* ^ n* y O *M

u^* a\ *u liJajiThe work is stated in the preface to be

divided into two parts (Kism). The first,which comprises single words and compounds,arranged according to the initial and finalletters, is alone extant in the present copy.It is slightly imperfect at the end, breakingoff in the compounds the first term of whichis Qil> . The words are illustrated by copiouspoetical passages headed jxiio, but withoutthe authors' names. The meaning is fre¬quently explained by Indian equivalents.

This is no doubt the work designated asFarhang i 'AsimI in the Parhang i Jahangiri(Blochmann, No. 34).

Add. 7683.Poll. 198; 9 in. by 5J; 23 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in small Nestalik, apparentlyin the 16th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

O-iljuJ^ 'ihJ-

A Persian dictionary.Author: Mali mud B. Shaikh Ziya j^*?

\jjO

Beg. j>—;-<!»Jh pi£ ^ U_L_jI<#*J t/j f 1^ 1 LT^

The author begins with a prologue inverse, containing eulogies on the reigningsovereign, Sultan Sikandar (Sikandar Lodi,A.H. 894—923), and on his patron and bene¬factor, Khwajag! Shaikh Sa'id, also calledSa'Id ud-Din. He then states that he hadhitherto cultivated poetry, and composedpieces of every kind, mostly in praise of thelast personage, but that he had been prevailedupon by some friends to compile the presentlexicon, which he completed on the tenth ofSafar, A.H. 916, and presented to the patronaforesaid.

He enumerates in the preface the follow¬ing sources:—ZamTr (Blochmann, No. 33),Dastfir (probabiy Dastur ul-Afazil, No. 17),Farhang i Pakhr i Kavvas (see p. 492 «), Zu-fan Guyfi (No. 21), Dastur ul-Puzala (No. 18),

1,9 1 PERSIAN DICTIONARIES.

Adfit ul-Euzala (p. 491 a), Sharh i Makhzan,Earhang i Kazi Zahir (No. 41), Earhang iIbrahim! {i. e. Sharaf Namah i Munyari,p. 492 a), Husaini (No. 16), and Aja'ib (No.36). Eor Arabic words lie made use of the Su¬rah, Dastiir, Khulasah, Nasib ul-Vildan, andTajain.

The dictionary is divided, according to theinitial letters, into two and twenty Babs, andeach Bab is divided into two sections (Easl),the first of which contains the single words,arranged according to the final letters, andthe second, the compound words and phrases,in the same order. There are no poeticalquotations.

Sururi, who states that he made use of theTubfat us-Sa'adat for the second edition ofhis dictionary, calls the author MaulanaMahmud B. Shaikh Ziya ud-Din Muham¬mad. It is, no doubt, the work mentionedby Firishtah, vol. i. p. 346, under the title ofEarhang i Sikandari, as written in the reignof Sultan Sikandar. See also Blochmann'slist of sources, No. 10.

On the last page of the present copy is anote stating that it was purchased A H. 1003by one Paramanand in Sirhind.

Or. 261.Eoll. 395; 12£ in. by 6£ ; 21 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Rajab,A.H. 1118 (A.D. 1706).


&>ycA Persian dictionary.Author: Muhammad B. Lad, s$ ^Beg. jbb^« syl&o j tj\j*> ±*\s?The author states that he had combined

in his lexicon the entire matter of the SharafNamah (see p. 492 a), and of the Kunyat ut-Talibin (Bloohmann, No. 42), a work of thatmost learned master of the science, entitledKazishah, W ^UJ\ ^-UlaM 'i_>±> «Jy\3

^Uai- dJLx*>\jt_->b iji) fite

Besides the above works he enumerates thefollowing sources: for Arabic words theSurah and Taj, and for those of Ears, Samar¬kand, Mavara un-Nahr, Turkistan, etc., Lisanush-Shu'ara (No. 46), Adfit ul-Euzala (p.491 a), Dastur ul-Afazil (No. 17), Zufan Guya(No. 21), Mava'id ul-Eava'id (No. 64), Sharhi Makhzan ul-Asrar, Tibb i Haka'ik ul-Ashya, Earhang i 'Ilmi All Begi (Nos. 35and 37) and Eakhr Kavvas (p. 491 b). A sup¬plement ft.jj treats of the numerals, arith¬metical notation, and Persian grammar.

The words are grouped in books (Kitab)according to the initial letters, and, in eachkitab, in Babs, according to the final letters.Each Bab is subdivided into three sections(Easl), containing respectively the Arabic,Persian, and Turkish words.

The Mu'ayyid ul-Euzala is described byBlochmann, 1. c, p. 9, who calls the authorMuhammad B. Shaikh Lad, of Dehli, andassigns to the work the date of A.H. 925,without, however, stating his authority. Itis mentioned as a work of great merit in thepreface of Madiir ul-Afazil (p. 496 a). See alsoStewart's Catalogue, p. 132.

The present copy wants the supplement.

Add. 23,575.Eoll. 152; 7i in. by 5; 17 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Rabi* II.,A.H. 1020 (A.D. 1611). [Robekt Taylok.]

c_Ajc*^

A Persian glossary.Author : Hafiz Aubalri, (_s-r >J l

Beg. ^L-j j^b ^X*** u b, ^The author, so called from Aubah, a village

near Herat (Mu'jam, vol. i. p. 137), was ledto compile this work by noticing the neglectinto which the ancient poets had fallen in his

day, because many of the words used by tbemhad become obsolete. It is dedicated to a Vazir

of Khorasan y>j ; , whose propername does not appear, and the date of itscompletion, A.H. 930, is stated in a versifiedchronogram at the end :

(__^\jk£M |»W>! <d (ji^l^lFrom a connection alluded to, in the verse

immediately preceding the above, between thetitle of the work and the name of the Vazirbefore mentioned, it becomes probable thatthe latter was Habib Ullah, apparently thesame to whom the Habib us-Siyar is dedicated.

The words are arranged according to theinitial and final letters, and are sometimesillustrated by poetical quotations.

The Tuhfat ul-Ahbab is quoted in the Ear-hang i Jahangiri and in the Majma' ul Eurs.See Blochmann, No. 9, and Melanges Asia-tiques, vol. ii. p. 439.

Add, 8990.Poll. 97 ; 7 in. by 3J ; 14 lines, 2 in. long;

written in a small and neat Nestalik, ap¬parently in the 16th century.

The same work.The latter portion of this copy, foil. 62—

97, was written in Ispahan, Rajab, A.H.1226 (A.D. 1811).

Add. 5611.Foil. 330 ; 14 in. by 10|; 21 lines, 7| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Zulhijjah,A.H. 1106 (A.D. 1695).

oWlla^ Olilil ULtS

A dictionary of Persian and Arabic words,especially intended to explain the figurativelanguage of the Sufis.

Author: 'Abd ur-Ralum B. Ahmad Sur,

jy> A-»=>- \ (jJ f^")^

Beg. Aij&c 8jLe j <i*> \*\ . . . »13 ^•♦achaiJl <sL«J\ i^k**>\

The author desired, as he states in the pre¬face, to free himself of the importunate ques¬tions which his friends, brothers, and sons,were ever putting to him, as to the meaningof Sufi phrases. While reading with his son,Shaikh Shihab, the Divan of Kasim i Anvar,he found that many words were wanting,both in the Farhang of Shaikh IbrahimKivam (p. 492 a), and in that of Shaikh Mu¬hammad B. Shaikh Lad (p. 494 a), and wasobliged to look for them in the Surah, theTajain, and the Kanz ul-Lughat, all of which,however, he found also deficient. This inducedhim to compile the present dictionary, inwhich he omitted for brevity's sake the wordsin common use. The contents are arranged inBabs and Easls, according to the initial andfinal letters. The words of Persian originare marked with a

It has been noticed by Blochmann, 1. c,pp. 9, 10, that the author had been personallyacquainted with the preceding lexicographer,Muhammad B. Lad, and must consequentlyhave lived in the tenth century of the Hijrah.His work is quoted in the Farhang i Juhan-giri, written A.H 1017, under the name ofFarhang i Shaikh Abd ur-Rahim Bihari.The statement of Haj. Khal., vol. i. p. 214,that the Kashf ul-Lughat was writtenabout A.H. 1060, can therefore be dismissed.Copies are noticed by Eleischer, DresdenCatalogue, No. 347, in the Copenhagen Cata¬logue, p. 25, Munich Catalogue, p. 107, andthe Ouseley Collection, No. 390. An edition,now very rare, was printed in Calcutta, about1840.

Add. 5612.Foil. 577 ; 10 in. by 6f j 17 lines, 3£ in.

lone; written in Nestalik, with ruled mar-o 7

gins, apparently in the 17th century.[Nath. Brassey IIalueo.]

The same work.

Add. 9993.Foil. 567; 10£ in. by 6f; 18 lines, 4^ in.


The same work, with marginal additions.The MS. bears a Persian seal with the

name of Henry George Keene, dated 1802.

Add. 15,100 and 15,101.Two uniform volumes ; foil. 338 and 343 ;

10 in. by 6f; 18 lines, 5 in. long; writtenin two columns in Nestalik, apparently in the18th century.

The same work.

Add. 6643.Eoll. 522; 12 in. by 8J; 19 lines, 5± in.

long ; written in large Indian Nestalik ; datedBa'idpur, Hugh, Jumada II., A.H. 1185(A.D. 1771). [J. P. Hull.]

J^\iM j**A Persian dictionary.Author: Ilahdad Faizi B. Asad ul-'Ulama

All Shir SirhindT, i-l ^ [aid] <>b »1H(_£ l>Jdb f«» jJm ^ ^

Beg. j\X u& j^JW j j^jjj jb*The author, who has been already men¬

tioned, p. 253 a, states in the preface, thathe had compiled the Arabic words from theSurah, Muhazzib ul-Asma, Tajain and its com¬mentaries, Nisab us-Sibyan (Blochmann, No.05), and Kunyat ui-Pityan (No. 43), the Per¬sian words from the Zufan Guya (No. 21),Adat ul-Puzala (p. 491 a), Tabakhturi, Halli Lughat ush-Shuara (Blochmann, p. 7),Sharaf Namah i Ibrahimi (p. 492 a), andtwo modern works, highly praised by theauthor, viz., Tuhfat us-Saadat i Sikandari(p. 493 b), and Mu'ayyid ul-Puzala (p. 494 a).

The words are arranged according to theinitial and final letters, and are marked with

a ^, a J, or a o, according as they are ofArabic, Persian, or Turkish origin. Theauthor frequently quotes verses, sometimeshis own. A Khatimah, foil. 514—522, treatsof the meanings of single letters in Persian.

The Madar ul-Afazil is extensively noticedby Blochmann, I.e., pp. 10,11. The chrono¬gram u*t:>> or A.H. 1001, which, as statedthere, gives the date of composition, is notfound in the present copy, which, however,according to the criterion indicated by Bloch¬mann, should bo accounted a good MS. Seealso Stewart's Catalogue, p. 131, and theMunich Catalogue, p. 109.

Add. 16,750.Poll. 497; 13i in. by 7|; 25 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in NaskhT; dated Kakiiri,province of Lakknan, A.H. 143 (for 1043 =A.D. 1633-4). [Wm. Yule.]

ijj&'i^ c^L&y

A Persian lexicon, containing all thewords of Persian origin, with copious poeticalquotations.

Author: Jamal ud-Din Husain Inju. B.Pakhr ud-Din Hasan, JU»- ltr +- js? ^\

j£\ ^.aJ\

Beg. C^ 3 \ j.13 Jj! u_j> Ijibj j dj\Mir Jamal ud-Din Inju belonged to a

Sayyid family of Shiraz. Having left hisnative city for India, he repaired, after somestay in the Deccan, to the court of Akbar,whoso service he entered in the thirtiethyear of the reign (A .H. 993—4), and by whomhe was sent to the Deccan, A.H. 1013 tonegociate the marriage of Prince Daniyalwith the daughter of 'Adil Shah. He roseto high military commands under Jahangir,who conferred upon him - the government ofBihar, and later on, A.H. 1027, the title of'Azud ud-Daulah. He was pensioned off

A.H. 1030, and died some years later inAgrah. His life, extracted from the Ma'asirul-Umara, is given with a translation byBlochmann, 1. c., pp. 65—70, and Ain iAkbari, translation, p. 450.

The author says in his preface that, havingfrom early youth upwards devoted himselfto the study of the poets, he had found manywords and phrases either wanting, or im¬perfectly rendered, in existing dictionaries.He therefore began to write down for him¬self the rare words which he met with, andhad been for nearly thirty years engaged onthat labour when, having been called inZulka'dah, A.H. 1005, to the presence ofAkbar, who then held his court in Srlnagar,Kashmir, and had been told of the author'slearning, he had received His Majesty'scommands for the compilation of the presentwork. The task, however, was not completeduntil Akbar had passed away, and beensucceeded by Jahangir, after whom thework was named. The date of its com¬pletion, A.H. 1017, is fixed by the chrono¬gram j&>\*- ^.Jl^y tibsy ^fcj. The authorrevised it, however, to the end of his life.It is stated in the Tiizuk i Jahangiri, p. 359,that he presented a copy to Jahangir in the18th year of the reign (A.H. 1032).

The preface contains an alphabetical listof forty-four dictionaries or glossaries con¬sulted for the present work. That list liasbeen reproduced, with some additions, byBlochmann, I.e., pp. 4—7.

An introduction (Mukaddimah), dividedinto twelve sections (A'in), foil. 4—18, treatsof the extent of ancient Persia, of thePersian language and its dialects, the lettersused in Persian, the affixes, suffixes, in¬flections, and the mode of expressing num¬bers with the fingers. The dictionaryproper, foil. 19—423, is divided into twenty-four Babs, corresponding to the letters usedin Persian, with this peculiarity, that theleading letters in the arrangement are in

VOL. II.

the first instance the second of each word, andthen the first. The appendix (Khatimah),contains the following five special glossaries,called Dar, and similarly arranged: 1. Meta¬phors and poetical phrases, fol. 423 b.2. Compound words, fol. 461 a. 3. Wordscontaining any of the letters peculiar toArabic, fol. 481 a. 4. Zand and Pazandwords, fol. 482 a. 5. Foreign words, mostlyproper names, fol. 489 a.

Copyist: J^li ^ dlMThe Earhang i Jahangiri has been litho¬

graphed in Lucknow, A.H. 1293. See Bloch¬mann, I.e., pp. 12—15, Stewart's Catalogue,p. 129, Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 24, andMunich Catalogue, p. 105.

Add. 26,128.Poll. 606; 9£ in. by 6J; 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in neat Nestalik ; dated Rama-zan, A.H. 1033 (A.D. 1624). [Wm. Erskine.]

The same work, without the Khatimah.

Add. 6645.Poll. 598; lOf in. by G£; 21 lines, 3| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with two'Unvans and ruled margins; dated Shah-jahanabad, Ramazan, A.H. 51 (i. e. 1051,A.D. 1041); partly stained and discolouredby damp. [J. E. Hull.]

The same work.The copyist, Muhammad Eazil B. Munshi

Miisa, says at the end that the MS. fromwhich this copy was taken had been corrected,for the main part, by the author's own hand.

Add. 5647.Foil. 618; 10£ in. by 7; 21 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Naskhi, with gold-ruledmargins; dated Kashmir, Rajab, A.H. 1065(A.D. 1655). [Nath. Brassey Halhed.]

The same work.

Copyist: U <_?j^M ±*s? sU, ^ ^1K

PERSIAN DICTIONARIES.498

Add. 7682.Foil. 366; 11 in. by 1\ ; 21 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins; dated Muharram, A.H. 1095(A.D. 1683). [CI. J. Rich.]

The same work, without the KMtimah.This copy was written for the Vazlr of

Kandahar by Hasan B. Muhammad.

Add. 16,749.Foil. 292 ; 11$ in. by 1\ ; 27 lines, 5| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with ruled mar¬gins; dated Agrah, Rabi' I., A.H. 1090(A.D. 1679). [Wm. Yule.]

The same work, without the Khatimah.

Add. 25,858.roll. 508 ; 12£ in. by 7£ ; 23 lines, 4| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvfmand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the17th century. [Adam Clarke.]

The same work.

Add. 23,573.roll. 464; 12 in. by 6|; 23 lines, 4| in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently aboutthe close of the 17th century.

[Robert Taylor.]The same work, wanting the fifth section

of the Appendix.The latter portion of the volume, foil. 292

—464, is written by a later hand, and datedZulhijjah, A.H. 1195 (A.D. 1781).

Add. 25,859.roll. 593; 12} in. by 7£; 23 lines, 5| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in twocolumns; dated Calcutta, October, 1815.

[Wm. Cureton.]The same work.This copy was written by Shaikh Asalat

'Ali Bihari for Captain Thomas Roebuck.

Add. 7681.roll. 313; 10 in. by 7; 17 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Shavval,A.H. 1057 (A.D. 1647). [CI. J. Rich.]

U»JA\ £+s?A Persian dictionary.Author: Muhammad Kasim B. Haji Mu¬

hammad Kashftni, poetically styled Sururi,<Jjjj*~J U*1^"*^ (J 1 ^ U J

Beg. t/Vyjj) j iXU^jta ^s> j»^,_?U^

jjjiy* <x**j- pThe author is not to be confounded with

another Sururi (Mustafa B. Sha'ban), a com¬mentator of the Gulistan, who lived inTurkey, and died A.H. 969 (Arabic Cata¬logue, p. 479). He is mentioned by histownsman and contemporary, Taki ud-DinKashi, Oude Catalogue, p. 26, among thepoets of Kashan. " He was," says TakT, " theson of a shoemaker, had so prodigious amemory as to know upwards of thirty thou¬sand verses by heart, and wrote, besides thepresent work, a glossary to Nizami and otherpoets. Sururi's habitual residence was Isfa¬han, where he was seen by Pietro dellaValle, A.H. 1032 (see Ouseley's Collection,No. 389). He left it for India, where hestayed some time, in the reign of Shabjahan,and died on his way from thence to Mecca.See Mirat ul-'Alam, fol. 484, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 217. It will be seen further on(p. 500 b) that he had reached Lahore asearly as A.H. 1036.

Sururi states in the preface that, after adiligent study of the classical poets, and aneager search after Persian glossaries, he hadat last succeeded, A.H. 1008, in collectingthe following sixteen works : Sharaf Namahi AhmadMunyari (p. 492 a), Miyar i Jamfdi,by Shams Pakhri (Blochmann, No. 58, Haj.Khal., vol. vi. p. 640), Tuhfat ul-Ahbab(p. 494 b), Risalah i Husain Vafa'i (No. 14),


Risalah i Abu Mansur 'All B. Ahmad AsadITusi (No. 2), Risalah i Mirzii Ibrahim B.Mirzii Shah Husain Isfahan! (No. 56), Risalahi Muhammad Hindushah (No. 53), Mu'ayyidul-Fuzalii (p. 494 a), Sharh Sam! fil-Asami iMaidani (No. 27), Risalah i Abu HafsSughdi (No. 1), Adat ul-Euzala (p. 491 a),Jamf ul-Lughat, in verse, by NiyazI Hijazi(No. 11), and four other anonymous treatises.Compiling all these, he condensed their sub¬stance in the present work, eliminating Arabicand common Persian words, and adding ex¬amples from the poets. The preface con¬cludes with a dedication to Shah 'Abbas(A.H. 996—1038).

The words are arranged according to theirinitial and final letters. A short appendix,foil. 310—313, contains metaphorical phrases,in alphabetical order.

A full account of the Majma' ul-Eurs, orEarhang i Sururi, more especially of itssecond edition, which will be noticed furtheron, is given by Blochmann, I.e., pp. 12 and16—18. See also Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 325,Stewart's Catalogue, p. 130, Uri, p. 290, theVienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 101, the LeydenCatalogue, vol. i. p. 96, the Munich Cata¬logue, p. 104, and Melanges Asiatiques,vol. iv. p. 498, vol. v. p. 238.

Add. 26,129.Foil. 380; 9f in. by 5|; 21 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Rajab,A.H. 1078 (A.D. 1667). [Wm. Erskine.]

The same work.

Add. 23,574.Foil. 236; 11 in. by 7; 18 lines, 4§ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Muharram,A.H. 1081 (A.D. 1670). [Robert Taylor.]

' The same work.

Harleian 111.Poll. 368; 10 in. by 4|; 25 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik ; dated Shavval,A.H. 103 (for 1030, A.D. 1621).

An enlarged edition of the same work.In a preface prefixed to that of the first

edition, and beginning: j£ {3 jx~f\ ji^o y>,if ^ISj.jJi' ajJlk«, the author states that

he Lad perused in A.H. 1028 (not A.H. 1038,as stated by Blochmann), the Earhang of thenoble and illustrious Navvab Shah Jamalud-DIn Husain Inju (p. 496 b), brought fromIndia in that year, and had added some ofits words and observations to his owndictionary. He had read also in the sameyear the Shamil ul-Lughah, a Persian dic¬tionary explained in Turkish, by Kara-Hi sari(p. 513a), and the Tuhfat us-Sa adat (p. 493 b).He adds that his work having for some timepast been submitted to a thorough revision,the present edition is far more trustworthy, aswell as more complete, than the first.

The following is written on the fly-leaf:" Shamel Lagatt. or Persian Dictionary,written 43 yeeres since, to this yeere 1636."The writer had evidently taken the defectivedate of this copy, 103, to stand for 1003 =A.D. 1593, a date which, being anterior tothe time of composition, is obviously wrong.If 103 be meant for 1030, and it does notappear to admit of any other reading, thepresent MS. must have been written twoyears after the completion of the secondedition.

Or. 263.Poll. 476; 10J in. by 5 ; 25 lines, 2$ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently aboutA.H. 1036 (A.D. 1626). ■

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]Another copy of the enlarged edition.On the first page is a Persian note stating

that the preface of the second edition, thek 2

marginal notes, and some poetical pieces bySururi, written on the last page, are all inthe author's handwriting. At the bottom ofthe last page is actually found the followingsomewhat mutilated subscription, which, ifgenuine, would show that Sururi had writtenthe above verses in Lahore, A.H. 1036:

^j* i_flj* <U«* jis- . , . Qj£> &uJL»i

• . • ^ ^3 \-J>Xi!>J\. . . ti\ . . .

Add. 16,751.Poll. 866; lOf in. by 6$; 21 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andruled margins, apparently in the 17th cen¬tury. [Wm. Yule.]

uUyA dictionary of the Persian language,

including words borrowed from the Arabicand other languages.

Author: Muhammad Husain, poeticallystyled Burhan, B. Khalaf ut-Tabrizi, i_ik>- ^\

U^Si? iy-—»■ ifjtji®Beg. jd ^bj Uifctj ^\

»]\ j ,jf>\i j u-^y j tfV>)iThe author states that he had compiled in

the present dictionary the entire substance ofthe Parhang i Jahangiri, Majma* ul-Purs ofSururi, Surmah i SulaimanT, and Sihah ul-Ad-viyahby Husain ul-Ansari (No. 24 and 32), andthat he had, for brevity's sake, omitted poeticalquotations and superfluous matter. He dedi¬cates his work to Sultan Abd Ullah Kutub-shah B.Kutubshah (who reigned in Golcondafrom A.H. 1035 to 1083), and fixes the dateof its completion, A.H. 1062, by the followingchronogram, jklii ^liy jj^ u^O

Contents: Nine Pa'idahs, or preliminaryobservations, on the Persian language, itsletters, particles, and orthography, fol. 2 b.Twenty-eight Guftars, comprising the dic¬

tionary proper, in which the words arearranged according to the first, second, andthird letters, as in European dictionaries,fol. 12 b. Guftar 29, or supplement, con¬taining seventy-one words, mostly foreignwords and proper names, fol. 862 b.

The Burhan i Kati* has been edited byCaptain Roebuck, Calcutta, 1818, and re¬printed in 1822 and 1834. A Turkishtranslation has been printed in Constan¬tinople, A.H. 1214, and in Bulak, A.H. 1251.It has been entirely incorporated by Prof. J.A. Vullers into his Lexicon Persico-Latinum.See Blochmann, 1. c, pp. 18—20, Stewart'sCatalogue, p. 435, and the Munich Catalogue,p. 107.

Add. 26,130.Poll. 735; Hi in. by 7; 19 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with ruled mar¬gins ; dated Ramaztin, A.H. 1135 (A.D.1723). [Wm. Erskine.]

The same work.

Add. 7000.Poll. 843; 9 in. by 7 | about 14 lines, 6£

in. long; written on paper water-marked1815, and on one side of the leaves only, bythe Rev. John Haddon Hindley, and by himinscribed: " Historical vocabulary of propernames of places, countries, and eminentpersons, etc. etc., from the Borhan Katea."

Add. 5555.Poll. 303 ; llf in. by 8; 21 lines, 5| in.

long; written in cursive Indian Nestalik-dated Jumada I., A.H. 1129 (A.D. 1717).

[Charles Hamilton.]

LSO^»j i^SibjSA Persian dictionary.Author : 'Abd ur-Rashid B. 'Abd ul-Ghafur

ul-Husaini ul-Madanl ut-Tatavi, ^ &i~>J\<JyJ^\ (J~~^ \

Beg. (j£jJ^ j t ^*> »f ^pSS***Mulla \Abd ur-Rascliid, who was born in

Tattah of a family of Medinah Sayyids, isknown as the author of an Arabic dictionary,entitled Muntakhab ul-Lughat (p. 510 a) }which he dedicated to Shahjahan A.H. 1046.He is mentioned in the Hamishah Bah;ir,OudeCatalogue, p. 122, among the poets of thatperiod. A chronogram which he composedon the second Julus of Aurangzlb shows thathe was still alive in A.H. 1069. See 'AllShir, Add. 21,589, fol. 488, who quotesseveral of his poetical pieces, and says thathis two works, known as Rashidi 'Arabi andRashidi Parsi, bear ample testimony to hisprofound erudition.

The author observes in the preface thatthe Earhang i Jahangiri and the Earhang iSururi, although the best existing Persianlexicons, had the following four blemishes:1. Prolixity and redundance of poetical quo¬tations. 2. Want of accuracy in definingthe meanings and pronunciation of words.3. Insertion of Arabic and Turkish words asPersian. 4. Wrong entries of mis-speltwords; the last especially observable inSururi. The present work, he adds, had forits object to combine the matter of thosetwo dictionaries, to eliminate superfluousquotations, and non-Persian words, and tosupply a more accurate definition of themeaning and spelling of words. The dateof its completion, A.H. 1064, is conveyed bythe chronogram, Jj-iU t/j^ tiijjy jI>

An introduction (Mukaddimah), treatingof Persian grammar, occupies foil. 4 a —13 b.The dictionary proper, arranged on the sameplan as the Burhan i Kati\ fills the rest ofthe volume. A Khatimah, announced inthe preface, is wanting in the present andother known copies.

Blochmann speaks very highly of the Ear¬

hang i Rashidi, which he terms the first criticaldictionary, and gives the most important por¬tion of the preface in the original with a trans¬lation, I.e., pp. 20—24. The same scholarpromoted and superintended the edition of thework in the Bibliotheca Indica, Calcutta, 1875,to which is appended a notice on the author.The Mukaddimah of the Earhang i Rashidihas been edited by Dr. Splieth under thetitle of "Grammaticte Persicae prseceptaac regular," Halle, 1846. It is also thefoundation of thePersian grammar of Abd ul-Vasi 1 Hansavi. It is mentioned in Stewart'sCatalogue, p. 130.

Add. 7001.Eoll. 193; 9 in. by 1\ ; about 20 lines;

written on one side only of paper water¬marked 1814, by J. Haddon Hindley.

A Persian glossary, containing rare words,proper names, and metaphorical phrases,without preface, title, or author's name.

Beg. ^UjuLj^ hA*-* j j^*>It is found to consist of extracts from the

Earhang i Rashidi.

Or. 264.Eoll. 152; 9 in. by 5£; 17 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Shikastah-amiz, about theclose of the 18th century.


A poetical glossary.Author: Siraj ud-Din 'All, poetically sur-

named Arzu, jj^T J 6 ,j>d\ ^*Beg. c^U j Li>U) £f l> ^

Siraj ud-Din lAli Khan, a well-known Per¬sian and Hindustani poet, born in Akbariibad,A.H. 1101, traced his origin to Shaikh Ka-mal ud-Din, a nephew of the famous saint


Nasir ud-Din Chiriigh i Dihli. He proceeded,A.II. 1132, to Dehli, where he found apowerful patron in Mu'taman ud-DaulahIshak Khan, and, after him, in his son Najmud-I)aulah. He made himself conspicuousby his bold criticisms on Shaikh Hazin,published in a pamphlet entitled "Tanbihul-Ghafilin, and wrote, A.II. 1164, a Tazkirahcalled Majma' un-Nafa'is. In A.H. 11G8 hesettled in Lucknow, where he received a pen¬sion from Shuja' ud-Daulah, and died shortlyafter, on the 23rd of Rabi' II., A.H. 1109.His life is found in the Khizanah "Amirah,Or. 232. See also Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,p. 132, Garcin de Tassy, Litterature Hindou'i,vol. i. p. 69, and Blochmann, I.e., pp. 25—28.

The author states that this work, whichforms, as it were, a second part (Daftar) tohis Siraj ul-Lughah, or glossary of the ancientpoets, contains those words and phrases usedby modern poets, which are not found in theParhang i Jahangirl, Sururi, Burhfm i Kati',or other dictionaries. They are of two kinds,viz.: 1. Difficult words, not generally under¬stood in India ; 2. Words or phrases, themeaning of which is known, but the correct¬ness of which is questioned. Both are givenin one series, alphabetically arranged accord¬ing to the usual plan.

The Siraj ul-Lughah was written A.H.1147. The date is fixed by a chronogram,quoted by Blochmann, I.e., p. 26.

The Chiragh i Hidayat is printed in themargins of the lithographed edition of Ghi-yas. ul-Lughat, published by Naval KishorKtinpur, 1874.

Or. 259.Poll. 704; 12 in. ly 8; 17 lines, 4| in

long; written in Nestalik ; dated January,A.D. 1836. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

r^VA dictionary of the words and idioms

used by the Persian poets, ancient andmodern, with copious examples.

Author : Tekchand Bahar, .l^j (ji$^ >Beg. ^J>\ j\ *^5;S^_ljb (J^^Lm _j o*Aj-»

W UMRai Tekchand, poetically styled Bahar, was

a Khatri of Dehli. See Gulz.lr Ibrahim, fol.29, Garcin de Tassy, Litterature Hindou'i,vol. i. p. 100, and Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,p. 211. Little is known of his life beyondwhat he tells us in his preface, two draughtsof which, partly identical, are found in thepresent copy, foil. 2—4, 6—7. Prom hischildhood to his fifty-third year, which hehad reached at the time of writing, he haddevoted himself to the study of Persianpoets and their idioms, and was indebted formuch of his knowledge to two accomplishedscholars, viz. Maulana Shaikh AbulkhairKhair Ullah, whom he refers to in his workas ^Aajj^ and Siraj ud-Din 'All KhanArzii (see p. 501 b), whom he quotes under thetitle of ^^aa*^ ^V*- While engaged on thecompilation of his dictionary, in which hehad spent fifteen (in the second draught" twenty ") years, he had written a treatise onletters ^JjjJ} ^y>- (lithographed in Kanpur,A.H. 1267), and another on verbs ^LoJ! J(^y(lithographed in Dehli, A.H. 1272).

The date of completion of the presentwork is then expressed by the chronogram^^jbJU td ^ jilis* jyZi, i.e. 1152+ 10 = A.H.1162. The author explains further on hisabridged references to his authorities, namelythe two scholars above mentioned, Shaikh'Ali Hazin, the Siraj ul-Lughah (p. 502 6),Mulhakat i Burhan i Kati', and the com¬mentary of Abul-Hasan Parahani upon theKasidahs of Anvari. He concludes with anextensive list of the poets and glossaries fromwhich the matter of his lexicon is derived.

Of modern works he had used, as stated inthe second draught of the preface, only the

Tanbih ul-Ghafilin, (sec p. 502a), and a Mukh-tasar by Mir Muhammad Afzal Sabit (diedA-H. 1150 or 1152 ; Oude Catalogue, p. 150).But after completing his first edition, he hadhad access to the Mustalahat ush-Shu'arfi ofVarastah, a treatise of Anand Ram Mukhlis(died A.H. 1164; Oude Catalogue, p. 159),and another without author's name.

This mention of Varastah's work, whichwas not written before A. II. 1180 (see thenext number), gives a date to the second pre¬face. It must have been penned by theauthor in that very year, and thereforeshortly before his death.

Between the two draughts above mentionedis found a preface written by Indarman, whocalls himself a pupil of Tekchand, to anabridged edition made by him in A.H. 1180,upon the rough copy left by the author athis death.

The Bahar i 'Ajam is described by Bloch-mann as "one of the grandest dictionariesever written by one man." His notice onthe author and his works will be found, 1. c,pp. 28—30. The work has been used byThomas Roebuck for his additions to theBurhan, and by Professor Vullers in hisLexicon; see the preface, p. vii. It has beenlithographed in Dehli, 1853, under the titleof j\> ol^*"**. See the Journal ofthe Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 22, p. 401,and Bibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1537.

Or. 262.Foil. 232; 11 in. by 6f; 19 lines, 4§ in.


[Geo. Wat. Hamilton.]I. Poll. 3—203.

oU 1Â poetical glossary, dealing especially with

words and phrases peculiar to the modernpoets of Iran, with examples.

Author : Varastah, e-'J^jBeg. (J&K j îr^ ^ (•**•*Varastah was a native of Lahore. His

original name was, according to the prefaceof Roebuck's edition of Burhan Kati', p. 12,Siyal Koti Mai. His anthology entitledîijlio, uL/j* is noticed by Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 146.

The author states in a short preamble that,finding in existing dictionaries no sufficientexplanation of poetical phrases, he had beenengaged during fifteen years in collecting thematerials of this work from linguists of theland of Iran, jo? ^j} ^bj, and hadbegun to write it in the year for which theabove title is a chronogram, i.e. A.H. 1180.He then gives a list of the authorities towhich he occasionally refers by abbreviations,among which is found, besides some knownglossaries, a work entitled U U\ 1>the author of which is not named. Varastah'swork follows the usual alphabetical arrange¬ment.

The Mustalahat ush-Shu'ara is mentionedby Tekchand as one of the works of whichhe became possessed after completing thefirst edition of the Bahar i Ajam. SeeBlochmann, I.e., p. 30.

II. Poll. 203—206.

Jai- u-AJÂ versified treatise by Jam! (see. p. 17 a),

containing such Arabic words, as by a slightchange in their punctuation assume differentmeanings.

Beg. j*** 3 ^ft-sj *4>-y <**iThis tract has been edited by Prancis

Gladwin in the Persian Moonshee, and byJ. H. Hindley, London, 1811. It has beenprinted in Calcutta, 1818, and 1826.

III. Poll. 206—209. A treatise on Izafat,by Muhammad Sahib Kadiri, with theheading : laiU- C-ya»- i__flJ^«a5 jl oliLel siH

i/^tf u-o-U> Jâ£" ^^kfi-

IV. Eoll. 211—231.

^J>\jOJ>•

A versified Arabic Persian vocabulary.Author : Abu Nasr FarahT, ^ ^\Beg. j>\j> ^ ^t>Badr ud-Dln Abu Nasr Parahl wrote,

according to Ilaj. Khal., vol. ii. p. 559, apoetical version of the Jami' us-Saghlr ofShaibanl, in A.H. 617. His vocabulary is apopular school-book, which has been pub¬lished in Calcutta, 1819, and frequently re¬printed in India and in Persia. See Bloch-raann, 1. c, p. 7, ITaj. Khal., vol. vi. p. 316,Fleischer, Leipzig Catalogue, p. 333, Pliigcl,Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 112, etc.

Or. 260.Poll. 724 ; 11^ in. by OA; 19 lines, 4£ in.

long ; written in Nestalik; dated Safar, A.H.1258 (A.D. 1842).

[Geo. "Wm. Hamilton.]

oWM o>\j£A Persian dictionary.Author: Muhammad Ghiyas ud-Dln B.

Jalal ud-Din B. Sharaf ud-Din, ±+2?!_J,^ yi^JI j!iU (j,>.iJI

1? eg. Û-fi j»V ^ 3 <J*1 J^l c yThe author, who describes himself as an

inhabitant of Mustafa-abad, commonly calledllampur, Parganah of Shahabiid, Lucknow,states that he had been engaged fourteenvears, in the midst of his avocations as ateacher, and other literary labours, upon thecompilation of this work, which was com¬pleted A.H. 1242. Its object, he says, is toexplain all the necessary words, whether ofArabic, Persian, or Turkish origin, as wellas the metaphorical phrases and scientificterms, which occur in the standard works ofPersian literature commonly read in India.

This is, according to Blochmann, 1. c,p. 30, eminently " the student's dictionary,"

as the most useful for the reading of classicalauthors. It has been printed in 1847 by oneMir Hasan fromaMS. corrected by the author.A lithographed edition, dated Kanpur, A.D.1874, contains the Chiragh i Hidiiyat in themargins.

Add. 26,316.Poll. 32; 10£ in. by 5£; 13 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the 19th cen¬tury. [Wm. Erskine.J

âSo^ OUIMA Persian glossary.Author: Muhammad Sadik Katib Bahba-

hanT, <_*j£ <±*^

Beg. (jul^'i c*j,jj1 (j£j\^>»j {j»\y*»The work takes its name from Jonathan

Duncan, Û- jljL»* <UH,\iJlia- JcJ& (Resident at Benares, 1790—4), for whom it was written. The authorremarks in the preface that the people ofBahbahan, and the husbandmen of Isfahan,Shushtar, and Dahdasht, had preserved muchancient Persian in their vernacular, and heprofesses to have drawn the contents partlyfrom the storehouse of his memory, partlyfrom Persian dictionaries.

There is, however, nothing original in thework ; it is transcribed, with a change in thearrangement, from the Parhang i Jahan-giri. The present copy breaks off at theword CJja-»

Sloane 2743.Poll. 18; 8J in. by 5|; about 15 lines, 31.

in. long; written in Nestalik, apparently inthe 17th century.

A Persian vocabulary.

Beg. C~»J3J* ^ jWj liil

It was written, as stated in a short pre¬amble, at the request of a young studentcalled Nauriiz Beg Baghdad!. It consists of

ARABIC-PERSIAN DICTIONARIES. 505

two parts, the first of which contains commonPersian words in alphabetical order, withoutany interpretation; the second, Arabic wordsexplained in Persian.

Arabic-Persian Dictionaries.

Or. 18.Poll. 112 ; 7 in. by 5; 10 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in Naskhi, apparently in the14th century. [J. L. Renouard.J

j2\jOuo

A dictionary of Arabic verbs, explained inPersian.

Author: Al-Kazi Abu 'Abd Illfdi ul-Hu-

sain B. Ahmad uz-ZiizanT, i&\ ojs- J\ ôliiMu/i?/' Ciw*~*

The author died A.H. 486 (see the ArabicCatalogue, p. 755).

Beg. £S;L4\ J^T gtj«i > 41The verbs are arranged in several classes,

according to the vowel of the media in thepast and future tenses. Each class is againsubdivided into regular JU<», concave <_Jj--\,defective ^JU, and reduplicate ^jpLi*,verbs, the arrangement in each section beingalphabetical, according to the last radical.The verbs arc given under the form of theMasdar, or verbal noun.

See Pleischer, Leipzig Catalogue, p. 331,where the contents are specified, Dorn, St.Petersburg Catalogue, p. 203, the ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 105, the Upsala Ca¬talogue, p. y, and the Munich Catalogue,p. 111.

Add. 26,133.Poll. 84; 10 in. by 74; 13 lines, 4| in.

VOL. II.

long; written in Naskhi and Ncstalik, ap¬parently in India, early in the 19th century.

[Wm. Erskine.]The same work, without the preface.In spite of some discrepancies, the text

agrees in the main with the preceding copy.In the subscription the work is termed _U

jjUoJl

Or. 1174.Poll. 190; 10i in. by 7; 5 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in large Naskhi, with all thevowels, dated Rajab, A.H. 864 (A.D. 1460).

[Alexandre Jaba]

iîVI juJJLxi

Introduction to the study of Arabic.Author: Mahmud B. 'Umar uz-Zamakh-

sharT, j?jLity\j+s- u > iâtfBeg. ^ J*ii 41

t^yM

Zamakhsharl, the well-known author ofthe Kashshfif, was born in Zakhmashar, avillage of Khwarazm, A.H. 467, and diedA.H. 538. See his life and works in IbnKhallikan, de Slane's translation, vol. iii.p. 321.

The author states in the preface that hehad received the commands of the nobleAmir, the Isfahsalar Baha ud-Din 'Ala ud-Daulah Abul-Muzaffar Atsuz B. Khwarazm-Bhah (who afterwards reigned from A.H.522 to 551; see pp. 475 a, 467 a) to writefor the Amir's library a copy of his work,Mukaddimat ul-Adab, which had alreadybeen favourably received, and had circulatedfar and wide.

The work is divided into five parts (Kisrn)as follows :—1. Nouns. 2. Verbs. 3. Parti¬cles. 4. Inflexion of the nouns. 5. In¬flexion of the verbs. The Preface and thefirst two of the above parts have been edited

L

500 ARABIC-PERSIAN DICTIONARIES.

with an Arabic index by J. G. Wetzstein,Leipzig, 1850. See also Ilaj. Khal., vol. vi.p. 76, Uri, p. 233, Puscy, p. 186, Eleischer,Leipzig Catalogue, p. 332, the Vienna Cata¬logue, vol. i. p. 96, and the Upsala Cata¬logue, p. 11.

The present copy contains only the prefaceand part 1, which gives the nouns (includingadjectives, numerals and pronouns) classedaccording to subjects. The contents cor¬respond to pp. 1—85 of the lithographed edi¬tion. The Arabic is accompanied through¬out by a Persian and a Turkish version,written in two separate lines under the text,by the same hand, but in a smaller character,and marked with all the vowels. In someplaces Greek equivalents have been added.

Copyist: a > ^>j\ ^ Jl* ^ i_a->y. ^i_->yixj

Eoll. 184—190, written by the samehand, do not belong to Zamakhshari's work.They contain tables of the Arabic pronounscombined with prepositions, Persian pro¬nouns and adverbs, and some Turkish noteson Persian grammar and on the calendar.

Or. 1175.Eoll. 206; 9f in. by 6f; 11 lines, 4J in.

long; written in large Naskhi with vowels,probably in the 16th century.

[Alexandre Jaba.]

^

An Arabic vocabulary explained in Persian.Author: Isma'il B. 'Ali B. Ishak, J*&U-»\

erf > erf

Beg. JbJIjy 'U*)b (JUN yij ailThe author, who is not otherwise known,

defines his work, in a short Arabic preamble,as a compendium which will bo to studentsan indispensable introduction to a knowledgeof Arabic, and divides it into three parts

(kism) as follows: ^aJ\ j^LaU Jj Jj"^ ^JUIJ j—KJi A+*$\ J

Part i., containing the verbal nouns,fol. 5 a, is subdivided, according to thevarious forms of the Masdar, into twenty-three chapters (Bab), in each of which theverbs are alphabetically arranged under thefirst radical. Part ii., fol. 97 a, contains thenouns arranged under the following heads :O D

1. parts of the body, 2. crafts and tools,3. food and drink, 4. animals, 5. heaven andearth, and, in each class, in alphabetical order.Part in., fol. 206 a, contains a few particles.

Each word is followed by its Persianequivalent, written with all the vowels, andTurkish glosses are added in a smallercharacter between the lines. From thearchaic spelling of the Persian, in suchwords as ^3^, for wsH etc., thiscopy appears to have been transcribed froman early MS.

In a Turkish note on the fly-leaf the writerascribes the work to al-Blr unl, evidently con¬founding it with the j»fej5\ JjJyo mentionedby Haj. Khal, vol. ii. p. 324.

Add. 26,136.Eoll. 45; 12 in. by 7; 9 lines, 3 in. long •

written in fair Nestalik; apparently in the17th century. [Wm. Erskine.J

^L^xaJ! L_jl>aSA versified Arabic Persian vocabulary (see

p. 504 a).

Add. 26,137.Eoll. 34; 8 in. by 4}-; 14 lines, 2f in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the18th century. [Wm. Erskine.J

The same work, slightly imperfect at thebeginning.

Add. 7435.Eoll. 438; 9| in. by 5£; 23 lines, 3.1 in.


long ; written in Naskhi; dated Jumada I.,A. II. 1122 (A.D. 1710). [CI. J. Rich.]

An abridged recension of the Sihah, orArabic Lexicon, of al-Jauharl (see the ArabicCatalogue, pp. 227, 107), with the additionof the Persian equivalent to each word.

Author: Abul-Fazl Muhammad B. TTmar

B. Khalid, called Jamul ul-Kurashi, J-aiiM y>\J^a)\ JU*i JU- u> j+s- y> ^

Beg. jSljS! t\y» Uff t"$j* ^Jlj-jJLiJl Jli"JWb

After duly praising the original work, theauthor states, in an Arabic preface, thathe had succeeded, after a long search, in dis¬covering at last in the Madrasah named afterthe Sahib Burhan ud-Din Mas'ud, in Kash-ghar, a corrected copy of the same in fourthick volumes, from which the presentabridgment was made. It was completed,as stated at the end of some copies, A.H. 681.

According to Tarikh i Rashldi, Add. 24,090,fol. 248, the author gives in his Additions tothe Surah ^\jo Oli^* an account of thelearned men of Balasaghun, and states thathis father was one of the Hafiz, or tra-ditionists, of that city.

The Surah has been printed in Calcutta,1812, and in Lucknow, A.H. 1289. Seealso Ilaj. Khal., vol. iv. p. 101, Stewart'sCatalogue, p. 133, Uri, p. 237, and the Ley-den Catalogue, vol. i. p. 101.

Add. 5643,Poll.452; 14gin.by9; 21 lines, h\ in. long;

written in fair Nestalik; dated June 1779.The same work.It is stated at the end that this copy had

been transcribed from the MS. of Mr. (SirCharles) "Wilkins, and collated with theoriginal.

Add. 26,138.Poll. 40; 8f in. by 5 ; 13 lines, 3£ in. long ;

written in Nestalik, apparently in the 17thcentury. [Wm. Erskine.]

j\JLAn Arabic-Persian vocabulary in verse,

arranged, like the Nisiib us-Subyan, by orderof subjects.

Beg. ^jAibflJ! ^jJuU) £^J»J1 £*f« allIn a short prose preface, the author, who

calls himself j+s. u > JJiii xs- ,j>d\{Js\yh^\ (a name bearing a suspicious resem¬blance to that of the celebrated poet Rashidud-DIn Muhammad B. 'Abd ul-Jalll Vatvat,who died A.H. 578), says that this workconsists of fifty sections (Kit'ah) and 578Baits, and that it was intended as an offeringto the library of Mirza Ulugh Beg Chalabi,son of the Sultan Muhammad fB.J BayazidB. Murad B. Urkhan B. 'Usman (i.e. Muham¬mad I., who reigned from A.H. 816 to 824).

An enlarged recension of the same work,comprising fifty-one Kit'ahs and 650 Baits,is mentioned by Haj. Khal., vol. iv. p. 239,as ascribed to Rashid Vatvat, and dedicatedto Sultan Murad B. Muhammad Khan (A.H.825—855).

Add. 7440.Poll. 317; 10£ in. by %; 24 lines, 4| in.

long; written in Naskhi; dated Shavval,A. H. 961 (A.D. 1554). [CI. J. Rich.]

own j£An Arabic dictionary explained in Persian.Author: Muhammad B. 'Abd ul-Khfllik

B. Ma'ruf, ^J3f * ^ jNii ^ iy* ^Beg. jl^bjlii J^.^» j t-^bJ ^fclja.

LS JU Oyoa-The author states in the preface that, as a

knowledge of Arabic, the language of thel 2

Coran and the tradition, was incumbent onall Muslims, and, as the best dictionary, theSihah, was written in Arabic, and thereforeavailable only to Arab readers, he had beeninduced to write the present work, containingthe most important words of the languageand all those which occur in the Coran. Itwas compiled from the Sihah, Mujmil, Dus-tur, Masadir, Ikhtiyarat i Badn, Lughat ul-Kur'iin, and Sharh i Nisab (see the ArabicCatalogue, p. 469 b). The preface concludeswith a dedication to Sultan Muhammad, anda eulogy upon his son and heir apparent,Mirza 'All.

It is stated in the Jahan-Ara, Or. 141, thatthe Kanz ul-Lughat was written for EarGiyfi Sultan Muhammad, who reigned inGilan from A.H. 851 to 883. His son,Kar Giya Mirza 'All, who succeeded him,was put to death by his brother A.H. 911.The latter is the prince to whom a history ofTabaristan by 'All Ruyani was dedicated.See Sehir-Eddin's Geschichte von Tabaristan,edited by Dr. Dorn, Vorwort, pp. 9—11,Text, p. 4, and Aly Ben Schems-Eddin'sChanisches Geschichtswerk, Vorwort, pp.6—13.

The words are arranged according to theinitial and final letters. The Kanz ul-Lughathas been lithographed in Persia, A.H. 1283.See Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 256, Stewart'sCatalogue, p. 135, the St. Petersburg Cata¬logue, p. 202, and the Munich Catalogue,p. 109.

Add. 23,571.Poll. 258; Hi in. by 8; 23 lines, 5£ in.

long; written inNestalik; dated Muharram,A.H. 1059 (A.D. 1649). [Robert Taylor.]

The same work.

Add. 23,572.Poll. 303; 1\ in. by 5; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Veramin,Rabi 1 II., A.H. 1111 (A.D. 1699.

[Robert Taylor.]The same work.

Copyist: <_?j\J\ ^>\3 ±*s? ^ j»V ^!

Add. 7443.Poll. 132; 10 in. by 6f ; 15 lines, 4 in.

long; written in large Naskhi, in the villageof Savukh Balagh, £h ^L- datedShavvfd, A.H. 1076, and Sha'ban, A.H. 1083(A.D. 1664 and 1672). [CI. J. Rich.]> I. Poll. 1—119.

Otil&m iS j C->li)JI 'ija^s-< A vocabulary of Arabic words used inPersian composition, but not generally under¬stood.

Author: Ismail B. Lutf-Ullah til-Ba,-kharzT, l^ J i-U!\ j$\ i_ak! ^ Jj.s-U«i\

Beg. ^ ^\JH\ Jji\ ^ A j-JJoliUI j

The words are arranged, according to theinitials, in cight-and-twenty books (Kitab).Each book is subdivided into three Biibs,according to the vowel which accompaniesthe initial.

This is probably the work mentioned asKhulasah among the sources of the Tuhfatus-Sa adat; sec p. 493 b. A copy is noticedin the Melanges Asiatiques, vol. iii. p. 493.

II. Poll. 120—123. A short alphabeticalvocabulary of difficult Persian words, withoutauthor's name.

Beg. ^ o-/ OA) cîjMji o~ j.I »JU. ^\

îjt, Îjôjij

III. Poll. 124—130. A short vocabulary,giving the Persian equivalents of Arabicwords and phrases used in epistolary com¬position, without alphabetical arrangement.

Beg. <6 td/j\#±\ fe\£J\ ^\ smj Uoj.Tjô OÂ^y jd

Add. 16,752.Foil. 2G3; 11 in. by 6|; 29 Hues, A\ in.

long; written in Nestalik and Shikastah,apparently in the 18th century.

[Wm. Yule.]I. Foil. 1—220. Mu'ayyid ul-Fuzala (see

p. 4id4i a).An Appendix (Tatimmah), treating of

arithmetical notations and some points ofPersian grammar, foil. 216 b —220 b, is im¬perfect at the end.

II. Foil. 222—263. Khulasat ul-Lughat,the work described in the preceding MS.,art.I.

In this copy a short anonymous preamblehas been substituted for the original preface.

Add. 6959.Foil. 66; 7f in. by Q\ ; about twelve lines

a page; written by the Eev. J. IladdonIlindley on paper water-marked 1806.

Tajnis i Khatt, by Jami, the work describedp. 503 b, with an English translation and analphabetical index.

Add. 5554.Foil. 358 ; 151 in. by 9; 25 lines, in.

Ion;?: written in fair Nestalik in the firstO /

half of the 17th century.[Ciiakles Hamilton.]

(jSib j*3lSS> J^fA largo dictionary of the Arabic and

Persian languages.Author: Aman Ullah, entitled Khanah-

Zad Khan Firuz Jang, son of Mahabat Khan,entitled Khan-Khanan, Sipahsfilar, B. MirMuhammad Ghayur, <<illyUWU: c^Li^l jjy-J

J} i£. ^ jyJ jtilL.^

Beg. s w>S> istJijlJ* j\ ^±.»\J1, i^ojUj*« »l^7

Aman Ullah Husaini, son of the famousMahabat Khan Zamanah Beg, served withdistinction under JalnTngir and Shahjahan.He obtained the title of Khanahzad Khan,by which he designates himself in thepresent work, together with the post ofDeputy-Governor of Kabul, in the seven¬teenth year of the former's reign (A.H.1031—2); but he is better known under thetitle of Khanzamiin, which was conferredupon him at the accession of Shahjahan,A.H. 1037. He played a prominent part inthe Deccan wars against Sahu, and died asGovernor of the Balaghat, A.H. 1046. Heleft a general history, a Majmu'ah calledGanj i Badavard (see p. 489 b), and a Diviinof great merit, in which he takes the poeticalsurname of Amani. See Ma'asir ul-Umara,fol. 180, Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 45, and theOude Catalogue, p. 109. The above noticesdo not mention either the present dictionary,or Aman Ullah's medical work, Umm ul-Tlaj(Egerton 1008).

After dilating upon the merits of thereigning sovereign, Jahangir, the authorstates that, as the emperor was ever eagerto promote learning, and especially thescience of language, he had conformed withhis desire by compiling from the mostesteemed works a dictionary comprising allthe important words, either Persian orArabic, as well as metaphorical phrases andmedical terms.

The preface is followed by a statement ofthe contents of the four parts, termedTTnsur, of which the work consists, withsome preliminary remarks belonging to eacliof them, foil. 2—17. In the case of thesecond Unsur this introduction is of con¬siderable extent. It comprises a list ofsources and an account of the Persianlanguage and grammar, the whole of whichis textually copied without any acknow¬ledgment from the Farhang i Jahangiii, withthe only difference that the word (jtib lias

been substituted for <joT in the headings ofthe twelve sections which it comprises. Thelatter work having been dedicated to thesame Jahanglr less than twenty years before,this is a remarkably bold plagiarism.

The contents of the four 'Unsurs arcstated to be as follows : i. An Arabic dic¬tionary, compiled from the Kamus, Surah,Kanz ul-Lughat (p. 507 b), Kashf ul-Lughat(p. 495 a), and some treatises not specified,ir. A Persian dictionary, nr. Metaphoricalphrases, Zend and Piizcnd words, with someTurkI and Hindi words, iv. Medical terms.

The first, and only extant, 'Unsur occupiesthe rest of the volume, foil. 17 b —358. Itis a very full Arabic dictionary, in whichthe spelling of the words is accurately de¬termined and their meanings explained inPersian. It is divided into Bubs and Pasls,in which the words are arranged accordingto their final and initial letters. The marginsarc filled with copious additions.

The MS. is endorsed ^V*?U, Cj&\On the first page is a note stating that it hadcome into the possession of Zuhur ud-DTnMu¬hammad Shirazi ul-Kurasln, A.H. 1068. Atthe end is a seal with the still earlier dateA.H. 1057.

Add. 5556.Poll. 314; 11± in. by 8 ; 21 lines, 5 in.

long ; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [Charles Hamilton.]

jl^U ^*A dictionary of Arabic words in common

use, explained in Persian.Author: 'Abd ur-Rashld ul-Husainl ul-

Madanl ut-TatavI, ^L>\ ^\^yo (jrjii^ (see p. 500 b)

Beg. J&3 *6 J^LW ti^* V j Lri&"^ t/^lT

The preface contains a long panegyric on

Shahjahan, to whom the work is dedicated,with versified chronograms composed by theauthor for the emperor's birth and accession.Abd ur-Rashld states further on that he hadcompiled the present work from the mostesteemed lexicons, such as the Kamus, theSihah, and the Surah, and he enumeratesnine blemishes noticeable in earlier diction¬aries, from which it was exempt.

The date of composition is expressed, in aversified chronogram found at the end ofthe next copies, by the words Jjjj ^i.e. 1092—46 = A.H. 1046. The words arearranged according to the initial and finalletters.

The Muntakhab ul-Lughat, also calledRashidi Arabi, has been frequently printedin India, Calcutta, 1808, 1816, 1836, Luck-now, 1835, and A.H. 1286, Bombay, A.H.1279. See Stewart's Catalogue, p. 135, andOusclcy's Collection, No. 386.

Add. 6644.Poll. 330; 9f in. by 6; 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with ruledcolumns, probably in the 17th century.

[James Gkant.]The same work.This copy has a lacune extending from the

word jjllaj^ to

Egerton 1022.Poll. 249 ; 14£ in. by 8£; 19 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Shikastah-Amiz; datedPaizabad, Zulka'dah, A.H. 1229 (A.D. 1814).

The same work.

Add. 16,753 and 16,754.Two uniform volumes; foil. 471 and 392;

15^ in. by 9; 29 lines, 5£ in. long; writtenin Nestalik, apparently in the latter half ofthe 18th century. [Wm. Yxjle.J

TURKI-PERSIAN VOCABULARIES. 511

U*>^A Persian translation of the Ramus, or

Arabic Thesaurus, of al-Flriizabadl; see theArabic Catalogue, p. 469.

Translator: Muhammad Hablb Ullah,«JJ! L^y=r j-***

Beg. ^Jff. d>jj£L>- t^>Ojj** &3>^y> u^Sjj 3 ^♦="J

After dwelling on the importance of aknowledge of Arabic, and on the superiorityof the Kamus, in point of comprehensiveness,to all other dictionaries, Muhammad HablbUllah states that in his translation he had fol¬lowed as much as possible the renderings ofthe Surah, Kanz ul-Lughat, Taj ul-Masadir,and Muntakhab ul-Lughat; that, unlike theauthor of the Surah, he had left no word ofthe original untranslated, and, lastly, that hehad added in many cases words or meaningsomitted by the author. This is followed bya full notice on the life of al-Piruzabadi, ex¬

tracted from as-Sakhavi's work, ^>ty\ ,^)\, andother sources, and by a detailed explanation,in the form of questions and answers, ofsome difficult points in the method adoptedin the Ramus.

The translator says that he had completedhis work in A.H. 1147, ±*a£> jt^ rsf> Ll*£& j j ; but in a versified chrono¬gram, which immediately follows,

u ] J u J^j &J 3p^fr ij\ cuaio i>y ^^Ij

he gives a somewhat later date, viz. A.H.1149. He adds, in conclusion, that, as theoriginal work had been submitted to the in¬spection of Timur, it was meet that its trans¬lation should be honoured by a glance of thebest of his descendants, the reigning em¬peror, Muhammad Shah Padishah Ghazi.

An earlier Persian translation of the Ra¬mus, by \Abd ur-Rahman B. Husain, A.D.1618 (A.H. 1027), is mentioned in Stewart'sCatalogue, p. 134.

Add. 16,755.Foil. G87; 10£ in. by G; 20 lines, 4| in.


[Wm. Yum. JThe first volume of the preceding work,

ending with the letter )b.

Turki-Persian Vocabularies.

Add. 6646.Poll. 52; 8^ in. by 5£; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the18th century. [James Grant.]

A Turki (Oriental Turkish) vocabulary,explained in Persian.

Author: Fazl Ullah Khan, J^J

Beg. j.sP j Lr>jz jai\ «JJ\ J^"*The author designates himself as a cousin

i^j^&of Saif Khan, of the lineage of Chakn,and one whose forefathers had been attachedfor fourteen generations to the service of thehouse of Timur. He states that he hadwritten this work by order of the reigningemperor (Aurangzlb), and for the use of theShahzadah.

Saif ud-DIn Mahmfid, commonly calledFakir Ullah, was the second son of TarbiyatKhan, who came from Turan to India, andbecame Bakhslu of Shahjahan. He was a de¬scendant of Amir Chaku, one of the Amirsof Timur. Having deserted the impex-ialarmy under Rajah Jaswant, to pass into theranks of the rebel Aurangzlb (A.H. 1068),he was rewarded by the latter with the titleof Saif Khan, and appointed successivelyo-overnor of Dehli, of Kashmir, and Bihar.He died as governor of Ilahabad, A.H.1095. See Tazkirat ul-Umanl, fol. 50, andMa'fisir ul-Uinara, fol. 312.

Contents : Introduction, treating of Turk!suffixes, fol. 2 a. Bab I. Verbs, arranged

512 TURKI-PERSIAN VOCABULARIES.

according to the first letters, fol. 5 b. Babii. Nouns, arranged according to the initialand final letters, fol. 12 b. Bab in. Miscel¬laneous words, viz. numerals, parts of thehuman body, names of animals, of Turkishtribes, etc.

The work has been printed, at the requestof Sir ¥m. Ouseley, with an improvedarrangement and some additions, by 'Abdur-Ralum, Calcutta, A.H. 1240.

Add. 16,759.Foil. 94; 9£ in. by 5£; 9 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in large Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins, in the 18th century.

[Wm. Yule.]

\SJ> oU) (jIjo &>W \b\ii\A Turk! vocabulary and grammar, ex¬

plained in Persian.Author: Khwajah Tayyib Bukhari Nak-

shabandi, ^jJa-i-aJ Ûsi t-^WBeg. j\JÂ>"$\ Jj\ j\*x> j^jl <^±*>-

aJa»-iLo

A preface, written partly in Persian, partlyin Arabic, and partly in Turki, the last twowith interlinear Persian version, contains apanegyric, in prose and verse, on the reign¬ing emperor, Nasir ud-Din Muhammad ShahPadishah GhazT (A.H. 1131-1161), to whomthe work is dedicated.

The treatise is divided into fifty chapters(Fasl) and an appendix (Khatimah). Thefirst twenty-five chapters, fol. 14 b, containTurkl words classed according to subjects,with the Persian equivalent written undereach. The last twenty-five, fol. 35 b, treat ofTurki grammar. The Khatimah, fol. 85 b,contains a hundred moral sentences ascribedto Turkish Shaikhs, with interlinear Persianversion.

Egerton 1021.Poll. 495 ; 10i in. by 6£; 16 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in In¬dia, in the 17th century.

A vocabulary of Turki verbs, explained inPersian, imperfect at beginning and end.

The verbs are arranged in alphabeticalorder. Each verb is completely conjugatedin tabular form, and constitutes a Fasl, occu¬pying two pages. The Persian equivalentis written under each inflexion.

The MS. begins in the middle of the verbjLjjjT, the twelfth Fasl, and breaks offin the first line of the verb jlô.

Or. 404.Foil. 110; Hi i n , by 6 ; 17 lines, 4 in.

long ; written in Nestalik, dated Puth (Dis¬trict of Mirath), Rabl' I. A.H. 1253 (A.D.1837). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

I. Foil. 9—27. A Turki grammar ex¬plained in Persian, entitled in the subscrip¬tion ^Jji >Jo\js.

Author: 'Ashur Beg, son of Niyaz Beg B.Dust Beg, ^^-^ CX-+-> jUi J, uLlo

uLL_j o>*Oji5Beg. W U» «5 J^\j yLi^l jli- ^jJI dThe author says in a short preamble that

he had written this short manual at the re¬quest of some students desirous of learningthe colloquial Turkl.

II. Foil. 28—68. Familiar dialogues inTurki and Persian, entitled in the subscrip¬tion cDly^ 'ijj^ Lptef.

Beg. jyjjjlw al* J) ^<j> ^ u lo Jt> J^jThey were written, as stated at the begin¬

ning, for the use of the author's pupil,Navvab Mir Muhsin Khan, who, althoughacquainted with the vocabulary, was not ableto speak the language.

III. Foil. 69—79. Fragment of a Turkipoem in Masnavi rhyme, the hero of whichis Human B. Kaifur.

PERSIAN-TURKISH DICTIONARIES. 513

IV. Foil. 80—92.

Sj£3M J \+JV\ i'JojA Turki-Persian vocabulary.Beg. sjks^^ j>L1^\ *UJ\ Ju->

uuy^iIt is divided into nine Fasls, under the

following heads: 1. Heaven and earth.2. State. 3. Arts and trades. 4. Names ofrelationship. 5. Parts of the body. 6. Warand arms. 7. Names of animals. 8. Mis¬cellaneous words. 9. Numerals. In eachof the above sections the words are in alpha¬betical order.

V. Poll. 93—110.

xaaW* i_ >lxai•«. ,

A versified Turki-Persian vocabulary.Author: Kalimat Ullah, commonly called

Khwajah Padishah, son of Khwajah RahmatUllah B. Khwajah Ni'mat Ullah,

^\ s&\ »U»iil> &9-^a4

C*iQ

Beg. fyb j J} U»- j cr/jjIt was written, as stated in a prose pre¬

face, by desire of a prince of royal blood,Mirza Kutb ud-Din, and consists of 274 dis-tichs.

The Turki words are marked with a owritten over them in red ink, their Persianrenderings with

Persian-Turkish Dictionaries.

Add. 7684.Poll. 110; 9£ in. by 7 ; 9 lines, 4 in. long;

written in Nestalik, apparently in the 17thcentury. [CI. J. Rich.]

o*JJ\ J*l*»A Persian-Turkish dictionary.

Author : Al-Kara-Hisari, ^loa- \J&\VOL. II.

Beg. \J{J$& J j« ap ^>USj ^ jrf|»iT «^

The words are arranged in Babs accordingto the final letters, and in sub-sectionscalled Nau' according to the initials. Thelatter are again sub-divided according to thevowel of the initial. The Turkish equiva¬lent is written in a smaller character aboveeach word.

In a copy described by Aumer, MunichCatalogue, p. 117, the author is called Ha¬san B. Husain 'Imad, of Kara-Hisfir, andthe work dedicated to Sultan Bayazid B.Muhammad B. Muriid, who reigned fromA.H. 887 to 918. The Lughat iKara-Hisari isone of the sources of Ni'mat Ullah (p. 514 6),and of the second edition of Sururi (p. 499 b).

The present copy wants a few lines at theend. On the first page is a note stating thatthe writer had purchased the MS. A.H.1134 (A.D. 1722).

Harl. 5494.Poll. 49; 8 in. by 5f; 7 lines about 3£ in.

long; written in Naskhi, with all vowels,A.H. 1062 (A.D. 1652).

i_fjjb\J» \\sls>:

A Persian-Turkish vocabulary, in Masnavlverse.

Author: Shahidi, tj

Beg. Wy j ^ j jJti-Uli _j Ujo _j j

The author, who describes himself as aMaulavl, and a native of Maghlah in theprovince of Mantasha, states in a poeticalprologue that he had written this vocabularyin imitation of the Tuhfah i Husami, whichhe had read in his childhood with his fatherKhuda'i, and by the help of which he had beenable to understand the Masnavi without amaster.

Shahidi, whose proper name was Ibrahim,M

514 PERSIAN-TURKISH DICTIONARIES.

son of Khuda'i Dadali, lived in Brusa, asShaikh of the Maulavis. He is the authorof several Masnavis and a Divan. He diedA.H. 957. See Hammer, Geschichte der Os-manischen Dichtkunst, vol. ii. p. 258.

The date of composition is fixed at theend, fol. 48 a, by the following chronogram:

/ • 0 r"

jlijb y y&La ^^.J

which gives A.H. 920. This disposes of theattempted identification of the author withanother ShahidI, 'Abd ul-'Aziz ChalabT, whodied A.H. 1021. See the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 428, the Gotha Catalogue,p. 39, and the Munich Catalogue, p. 39.

The Lughat i Shahidi, as the work iscommonly called, is a popular school-book,on which several commentaries have beenwritten. Sec Haj. Khal., vol. vi. pp. 598—9.It has been described by Fleischer, DresdenCatalogue, No. 221, Krafft, No. 22, andFliigel, Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 135.

In a portion of the present copy, foil. 6—31,English equivalents have been written underthe text in a hand-writing of the 17th cen¬tury. On the first page is written " BrianBraxton his Book, 1652."

Other copies will be described in theTurkish Catalogue.

Add. 7887.Poll. 79 ; 7 in. by 4; 23 lines, 2| in. long;

written in small Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

I. Poll. 1—71.

jflsi* jAliA treatise on the distinctions existing

between Persian synonyms, explained inTurkish, and illustrated by numerous quo¬tations from the standard poets.

Beg. &!> <o.LjL*fe (j\as>~ ^LjJs (_5_> t_>«lxu>Mte=>

The work is dedicated in a short preamble

to Ibrahim Pasha, the Vazir of Sulaiman.The author, not named in this copy, is,according to Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 232,Ahmad B. Sulaiman, called Ibn KamalPasha.

This celebrated poet, philologer, and his¬torian, son of a Pasha of the time of Muham¬mad II., accompanied Sultan Salim, as Kfizi'Askar, in the conquest of Egypt, and waspromoted under Sulaiman to the dignity ofMufti. He died in Constantinople, A.H.940 (not 941, as stated by Hammer). Thedate is fixed by contemporary chronograms,as j>j^ OU and a**-) j»UU See Hammer,Geschichte der Osmanischen Dichtkunst,vol. ii. pp. 205—211.

The work has been subsequently arrangedin alphabetical order, under the title of i—»*yjjSlS.iM ; see Haj. Khal. vol. iii. p. 232, and theVienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 133. An abstractof the contents has been given by Hammer,Mines de l'Orient, vol. iii. p. 47. See alsothe Leyden Catalogue, vol. i. p. 99, ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 130, and Upsala Cata¬logue, p. 19.

II. Poll. 72—79.

j.*?^ ^An Arabic tract on the alteration of foreignO

words introduced into Arabic, by the sameauthor. •

Add. 7680.Poll. 236; 8J in. by 5|; 21 lines, 4 in.


A Persian dictionary explained in Turkish.Author: Ni'mat Ullah B. Ahmad B. Kazi

Mubarak ur-Rumi, ^li' ^ ^> <JJ\ c ^%*>uU>

Beg. tdJJU W T (j^Urt) t> j i

\,<j>^» ^The work is called in the subscription

PERSIAN-TURKISH DICTIONARIES. 515

«U\ iU*} Haj. Khal., who mentions itunder 5U<6, vol. vi. p. 362, states that theauthor died A.H. 969.

It was compiled, as stated in the preface,from the following works: 1. Uknum i 'Ajam(a Persian Turkish Lexicon; see Uri, p. 291,No. 108). 2. Kasimah i Lutf Ullah Halimi(Haj. Khal. reads see vol. iv. p. 503.The author died A.H. 928; see the Peters¬burg Catalogue, p. 431). 3. Vasilah i Maka-sid (written by Maulavl Eustam about A.H.903; see the Yienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 197).4. Lughat i Kara-Hisari (see p. 513 a). 5. Sihahi Ajam, in two recensions, one early andshort, the other later and enlarged (by Hindu-shah Nakhjavam; see Haj. Khal.,vol. vi. p.91,and the Leyden Catalogue, vol. i. p. 100).

The author adds that he had explainedevery word, even the most usual, as he waswriting for ordinary readers, ^ ^\j>

The work is divided into the three fol¬lowing parts (Kism):—I. Verbs, fol. 3 a.ii. Particles and flexion, fol. 17 a. in.Nouns, fol. 22 b. In the first and third ofthe above parts the words are alphabeticallyarranged in Babs according to the initials.Each Bab is subdivided into three sectionsaccording to the accompanying vowel.

The Lughat i Ni'mat Ullah has been de¬scribed by Eleischer, Dresden Catalogue,No. 182, and by Dorn, Petersburg Cata¬logue, p. 427. See also the Vienna Cata¬logue, vol. i. pp. 132, 137, and the LeydenCatalogue, vol. i. p. 101.

Add. 7679.Poll. 176; 8& in. by f>\\ 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century. [CI. J. Rich. ]

Another recension of the preceding work,with a somewhat different preface, in whichthe enumeration of the sources is omitted.

In the body of the work, the main differenceappears to consist in the absence of numerouspoetical quotations, especially from ShamsPakhri, which are found in the precedingcopy.

Add. 7686.Poll. 197; 8 in. by 5|; 7 lines, 3£ in.


The same work abridged, and written intabular form.

This copy wants tho preface, the latterpart of Kism i., and the whole of Kism n.,but the last lines.

Add. 7687.Poll. 21; 8| in. by 5£; 23 lines, 3| in.

long; written in small Naskhi, about thebeginning of the 19th century.

[01. J. Rich.]

^j-jjb xsl£

A versified vocabulary containing the mostusual Persian words explained in Turkish.

Author: Vahbi Sunbul-Zildah, Sl)\j Jjju*^^Beg. io.l^j ^ j\ so- j*s>-

aolp ^jii JL,*j tilol s£

The author, whose proper name was Mu¬hammad B. Rashid, left his native town,Mar'ash, for Constantinople, and was sentby Sultan 'Abd ul-Hamid on an embassy tothe Persian court. He has left a Divanwhich was completed A.H. 1222. SeeHammer, Geschichtc der Osmanischen Dicht-kunst, vol. iv. pp. 554—73.

It appears, from a prologue in Turkishverse, that he wrote the present work, aftera long residence in Persia, and especially inSkirfiz, for his son Lutf Ullah, and dedicatedit to the Grand Vazir Ibrahim Pasha.

The date of composition is expressed in aM 2

516 MISCELLANEOUS

versified chronogram at the end by the line,^bj *tSl£ y> jOJl J^*!

which gives A.H. 1196.The Tuhfah i Vahbi has been printed in

Constantinople, A.H. 1213, and has beenoften reprinted there and at Bulak. SeeEliigel, Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 143.

Miscellaneous Dictionaries.

Add. 18,889.Poll. 71; 9£ in. by 6 ; 13 lines, 4 in. long ;

written in fair Nestalik; dated Nagpur,Rabi' I., A.H. 1215 (A.D. 1800).

ul^Jc* J d^^j^*A Hindustani glossary, alphabetically

arranged, in which the words and phrasesused by the Eekhtah poets of Dehli, andimperfectly understood in other parts ofIndia, are explained in Persian, and illus¬trated with copious quotations.

Author: Mirza Jan, poetically surnamcdTapish, <jiA^ uok&* u^"

Beg. )JI£) \-~j\ wbj » <a>J>\ ^>j*s*Muhammad Ismu'Il, familiarly called Mirza

Jan, of Dehli, was the son of a native ofBukhara, and a descendant of Sayyid Jalalud-Din Bukhari. He began life as a soldier,and was attached to the service of princeJahandar Shah. He lived later in Mur-shidabad and Calcutta, and acquired somefame as a Hindustani poet. In the Divan iJahan, written by Beni Narayan A.D. 1814(A.H. 1229), he is mentioned as still alive.See Garcin de Tassy, Histoire de la Littera-ture Hindoui, vol. i. p. 502, and Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, p. 297.

The author states in the preface that hehad written the present work in Murshidiibad,A.H. 1208, at the request of Navvab Amirul-Mulk Shams ud-Daulah Ahmad All KhanBahadur Zulfakar Jang.

DICTIONARIES.

Royal 16, B. in.Foil. 23; 12| in. by 8; a volume of

miscellaneous contents. [Thomas Hyde.]Foil. 7—9; 12 in. by 7i; about 33 lines,

4J in. long; written by a European hand,apparently in the 17th century.

A short rhymed vocabulary, containingfamiliar Arabic and Persian words and shortsentences, explained in Hindustani.

Beg. JoJ \j> Ldlj) j^Ij jV^" 1 oy^ J^"It is commonly called, from its beginning,

Khalik Bari, and is ascribed by populartradition to Amir Khusrau. It has beenlithographed in Lucknow. See Sprenger,Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,vol. xxi. p. 519, and Biblioth. Sprenger.,No. 1003.

Royal 16, B. xiii.Foil. 41; 10i i n . Dy 6 £. 18 ii neSj 3 a m>

long; written in Nestalik, on English paper,in the 17th century. [Thomas Hyde.]

I. Foil. 2—32. An alphabetical vocabu¬lary containing Persian verbs conjugatedthrough their main forms, with the Hindu¬stani equivalent written under each.

Beg. ±s>\y- jo.I^ a>Ijlj sj^T ^lV*!i^OjT i^jT l_J l_ijT

It is called in the subscriptionII. Foil. 33—41. A list of common Per¬

sian words arranged by order of subjects,with interlinear Hindustani translation.

Add. 5661, a.Foil. 50; 9J in. by 6; 13—15 lines;

written in two columns, in the 18th cen¬tury. [N. B. IIaliied.]

A Bengali-Persian vocabulary, arrangedaccording to the Sanscrit alphabet.

MISCELLANEOUS DICTIONARIES. 517

Or. 399.Foil. 274; lOf in. by 6|; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Rajab,A.H. 1234 (A.D. 1819).


o\*UIA Hindustani Pushtu dictionary, explained

in Persian.Author: Ilahyar, son of Hafiz ul-Mulk

Hafiz Rahmat Khan Bahadur, lai\»-jdltf ^li- £+4*j laiU

Beg. t—■>U»- (jij.l-l-j j«j . . . &U

>j

The author, a son of the celebrated Rohillachief, Hafiz Rahmat (see p. 212 b), states inthe preface, that, by constant intercoursewith the Afghans who flocked to India duringhis father's rule, he had acquired a familiaracquaintance with the language. At thedeath of Hafiz Rahmat in A.H. 1188, theAfghans were scattered far and wide. Afterbeing confined with his brother, duringeight months, in Iliihabad, he was released,upon the death of Shuja' ud-Daulah, andrepaired to Lucknow. Three years later hesettled with his younger brothers, who knewthe language but imperfectly, in Bareli;and, although he frequently visited his elderbrother, Navvab Mahabbat Khan, in Luck-now, he had lost, from want of practice,much of his native tongue. When, however,Mahabbat Khan, who was the head of thefamily, died in A.H. 1223, the author, seekingsome occupation to divert his mind in hisbereavement, began collecting all he couldremember of the language, and compiled thepresent work, in order to preserve to hischildren and other Afghans growing up inIndia the precious heirloom of the nationalspeech. He adds that the work representsmainly the dialect of the Sarahban tribe, towhich he belonged.

Several versified chronograms, by theauthor's son Muhammad Ibrahim Khan andothers, give A.H. 1228 as the date of com¬pletion.

The work is divided into an introductiontreating of Pushtu grammar, fol. 4 b, andtwenty-eight Babs, which form the dictionaryproper, and begin at fol. 11 b.

The Hindustani and Pushtu words, dis¬tinguished by the letters » and <_-> writtenover each, are combined into one alphabet,and arranged according to the first andsecond letters. The Persian and Arabicequivalent is added to each, and all thePushtu words are spelt at full length.

The present work has been mentioned byMajor Raverty in his " Remarks on the Originof the Afghans," Journal of the AsiaticSociety of Bengal, vol. 23, p. 571. AnotherAfghan grammar and dictionary, entitledRiyaz ul-Mahabbat, was written A.H. 1221,for Sir Oh. Barlow, by the author's brother,Mahabbat Khan. See Sprenger, Zeitschriftder D. M. G., vol. xvi. p. 785, and Dr. Dorn'sAfghan Grammar. The contents of bothworks have been incorporated by MajorRaverty in his "Dictionary of the Pukhto,"London, 1860 ; see the preface, p. 21.

Add. 12,266.Foil. 488; 15 in. by 9£; 15 lines in a

page; written in Nestalik, on English paper,about the close of the 18th century.

A Persian-Maghi dictionary.Maghl, yj^t*, is the language of the Maghs,

or inhabitants of Arracan. The Persianwords are taken, with their explanations,from the Farhang i Jahangiri, the arrange¬ment of which is generally preserved. TheMaghl words are written opposite, both inthe original (Burmese), and in the Persiancharacter.

An " Ex-Libris " on the cover shows thatthe MS. belonged to John Murray, after-

518 MISCELLANEOUS DICTIONARIES.

wards Sir John M'Gregor Murray, Bart.,who attained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonelin the East-India Company's service in1787. See above, p. 409, note.

Harleian 342.Poll. 90; 9f in. by 6^; about 20 lines;

written by a European hand, in the 16thcontury.

I. Eoll. 3—72. An alphabetical English-Persian vocabulary, giving, in three columns,the English words, and the Persian equiva¬lents in both the English and original charac¬ters, with some remarks on the Persian verb.

At the end is written: " John Banggamhis Booke."

II. Eoll. 73—78. Some Persian verbs fullyconjugated, with the English equivalents.

III. Eoll. 79—86. An English-Persianvocabulary, arranged by order of matters, inthree columns. Most of the spaces reservedfor Persian equivalents have been left blank.

IV. Foil. 87—89. The Lord's prayer inPersian, in the English and original cha¬racters. The same in Hindustani, in theEnglish character.

Sloane 2924.Eoll. 123. Miscellaneous papers by En¬

gelbert Kampfer. The following is Persian:—Eoll. 1—41; 6'i in. by 4|; 18 lines. A

Persian vocabulary, written by Kampfer(probably A.D. 1684—8), containing fami¬liar words and short sentences, arranged byorder of subjects, in the original characterand Latin transcription, with the German orLatin equivalents.

Sloane 2919.Foil. 87; 8f in. by 5 ; from 21 to 23 lines;

written by Engelbert Kampfer, about theclose of the 17th century.

"Hetontwerp van de Persianse Nomen-clatour."

A Dutch-Persian vocabulary, arranged bysubjects. It is written in three columns,containing the Dutch, the Persian, and theDutch transcription of the latter. Someclasses have been left unfinished. At theend are some notes on Persian grammar,foil. 79—87.

Or. 443.Eoll. 597; 13 in. by 8J; from 20 to 23

lines; written in fair Nestalik, by a Eu¬ropean hand, about A.D. 1785.

[Bequeathed by Mrs. L. Roberts.]" Specimen of a Vocabulary, Persian and

English, compiled by [Major] R. E. R[obcrts],comprising at least six thousand words,which do not appear in any printed dictio¬naries, and numerous additional senses,'' etc.

The character of the work may be judgedfrom the following specimen, taken from thebeginning:—

bT Abhorrence, aversion, ancestors, fathers,broth, refusal, denial, with.

^Ijol Bodies; fit, proper.Prefixed is an autograph letter written by

Sir Wm. Jones to Major Roberts, Khanpur,and dated, Hugli, 26 Oct., 1785, informinghim that his supplement to the Persiandictionaries had been communicated by thewriter to the Asiatic Society at Calcutta, andencouraging him to continue his labours.

Roger E. Roberts, who had entered theEast India Company's service in 1767,attained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in1794, and retired in 1797. He held for sometime the office of Persian interpreter to thegovernor of Bengal. See the Journal of theRoyal Asiatic Society, vol. xiii. p. 115.

Add. 6999.Foil. 518 ; 9 in. by 7^; loosely written by

PERSIAN GRAMMAR. 519

the Rev. John Haddon Ilindley, on paperwater-marked 1815.

"Historical Vocabulary, from Richard¬son's Dictionary" (also from Castellus andMeninski), containing proper names of menand places in Persian, with English explana¬tions ; to which arc added some extractsfrom Abulfaraj, Pecocko, etc. in Latin andArabic.

GRAMMAR.

Persian Grammar.

Add. 7691.Foil. Ill; 8i in. by 5£; 12 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvfm,ornamental headings, and gold-ruled mar¬gins, probably about the close of the 17thcentury. [CI. J. Rich.]

A treatise on orthoepy and penmanship,without title.

Author: Abul-Kasim B. Muhammad Riza,Majlis-Navis i Nasirl, ^s? ^ $\

<j»iy u^*?

Beg. Zz-J \*>JS ^jJ^J eOJ j^J 1

The author, who calls himself a born servantof the Shah, states that his grandfather, hispaternal uncle, and his father, having seve¬rally writtenbooks on surnames, on the rules ofletter-writing, and on poetry, j c^lai! Jt >

j*Z> j <—>ta\, he had chosen for his subjectin the present treatise orthography, the rulesof correct diction, and penmanship.

It is divided into a Mukaddimah and fourMakalahs, as follows:—Mukaddimah. Lettersproper to Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, fol.2 b. Makalah I., in two Babs, viz. ortho¬graphy ^W, and rules of correct speech j«s-ly^jjiJf in Persian, fol. 4 b. Makalah n.Orthography and rules of correct speech inTurkish, fol. 38 b. Although this section

deals principally with Oriental Turkish, or,as it is called here, Jaghatai, the forms ofthe Kizilbashi and Rum! dialects are fre¬quently noticed. Makalah m., in threeBabs: 1. Meanings of the single letters,according to the teaching of the Imams,fol. 49 b. 2. Arabic orthography, fol. 62 a.3. Rules of correct speech in Arabic, fol. 76 a.Makalah iv. On penmanship, in eight Babs,viz.: 1. Creation of the kalam, fol. 86 b.2. Invention of the art of writing, fol. 87 b,3. "Writing implements, fol. 90 a. 4. Variouswritings and characters, fol. 95 a. (The latestof the celebrated penmen here mentioned isMir 'Imad). a 5. How to cut the kalam, fol.99 a. 6. How to teach and practice pen¬manship, fol. 102 b. 7. Ligature and pro¬portion of the letters ^j*j> } s-***>>> fol. 106 a.8. How to correct writing, fol. 109 b.

In a Persian note written on the firstpage, and dated A.H. 1117, the writer calls

' xx

this work ^ ^ **5\-»„ and appears to take" Davaran" as meaning scribes (Davar =Dabir ?), for he adds a wish that the work mayprove useful to the eminent scribes of theperiod,^^ Jo[+j J^t

Egerton 1023.Poll. 94; lOf in. by 6|; 19 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the latter halfof the 18th century.

t^s^ii^ £*WA treatise on Persian grammar and prosody.Author: Muhammad Kuli, poetically sur-

named Muhibb, u^"* 31 J>

Beg. J\y\ c^y j JcJS t/1#-ijV

a Mir 'Imad of Kazvln, a Nestalik writer of great

repute, lived in Ispahan under Shah Abbas I. (A.H.99Q_1038). He was assassinated at the instigation ofthe Shah, to whom he was hateful as a Sunni, and hadgiven personal offence. See lliyiiz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 312,and Oude Catalogue, p. S9.

520 PERSIAN GRAMMAR.

The author states that he had compiledthis treatise, at the request of some friends,from the standard works of the masters,adding the results of his own observation, sothat it might facilitate the study to beginners,and be also useful to proficient scholars. Hecompleted it, as stated in a rhymed epilogue,at the beginning of the reign of Shah 'Alam,and in the year expressed by the wordstt&y** Le - AK 1174

It is divided into six books (Makalah), asfollows: i. Letters and parts of speech, fol.4 b. II. Various forms of the infinitive, andformation of the past and future, fol. 6 b.III. Conjugation, fol. 13 b. iv. Meaningsof the detached letters, and their permuta¬tion, fol. 19 b. v. Syntax and derivation,fol. 36 a. vi. Containing two Babs, viz.,1. Prosody, u^jj*, fol. 45 a. 2. Rhymejfol. 84 a.

On the first page is a note written by aformer owner, Ahmad 'All Khan, who statesthat he had been long searching for that rareand excellent work. He calls the authorMuhammad Kuli Khan.

Add. 25,863.Poll. 134; 8f in. by 6; 13 lines, 3J in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Rabi' I.,A.H. 1229 (A.D. 1814). [Wm. Cuueton.]

The same work.

Add. 10,462.Poll. 77; 9 in. by 1\ ; 10 lines, 3| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, on Englishpaper; dated Sha'bfm, A.H. 1243 (A.D. 1828).

<jrj*^ ^

A treatise on Persian grammar, illustratedwith numerous quotations from the poets.

Author : Safdar 'AH, J 6 jJu>Beg. if \Ju3t j£>- j&> j

LT^.y <j)j

The author wrote it, as stated in the pre¬face, for the use of his pupil, Mirza. Muham¬mad Nasir, son of 'Ali Beg Khan Sahib, inwhose honour he gave it the above title.

It is divided into five Babs, as follows:i. Construction of Persian nouns, Izafat, andcomposition, fol. 2 b. H. Pronouns, de¬tached and attached, fol. 9 b. m. Prefixedparticles, fol. 25 a. iv. Affixed particles,fol. 44 b. v. Figures of speech, fol. 55 b.

Add. 8914.Poll. 77; 7 in. by 4|; 12 lines, 2f in. long;

written in Nestalik; dated Zulka'dah, A.H.1217 (A.D. 1803).

CloA^ai^ j£

A treatise on correct and elegant dictionin Persian.

Author: Katil, JJi'Beg. *-r*$-^ iJr M «JpMirza Katil, who has been already men¬

tioned, p. 64 b, wrote this work, as stated inthe preface, at the request of Mir MuhammadHusain, the eldest son of his friend, MirAman 'Ali, as a complement to his previouswork Shajarat ul-Amani.

In the preface of a later composition, CharSharbat, Mirzil Katil states that the presentwork was written A.H. 1214, eight yearsafter the Shajarat ul-Amfml.

The Nahr ul-Fasahat is divided into tenchapters termed Mauj, or Waves. Its objectis chiefly to correct ungrammatical or un-idiomatic phrases current in the Persian ofIndia. The last chapter contains somemodels of epistolary composition.

The work has been printed in Calcutta,1822, and in Lucknow, 1843. See Bibl.Sprenger., No. 1569, and Blochmann, Journalof the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 37, p. 32.

Egerton 1029.Poll. 62; 9 in. by 4£ ; 14 lines, 3^ in.

PERSIAN GRAMMAR. 521

long; written in Shikastah-amiz; datedRamazan, A.H. 1220 (A.D. 1805).

The same work.

Add, 16,756.Foil. 68 ; 8£ in. by 5 ; 17 lines, about 3 in.

long; written in a cursive Indian character,late in the 18th century. [Wm. Yule.]

I. Foil. 2—21.

£^J^ *&/cl5 JvcTA treatise on Persian grammar.Author: Sukhramdas, son of Nllkanth B.

Bhagwatldas Kayath, ^jciilo ^Js*^^^al>^ (^Ijjo^^j

Be s- & iji ^ !j J* (i)^ bv\J{!)\~j\

The author, who describes himself as aKaniingo of the Parganah Silak, Lakhnau,compiled this work, as he states in the pre¬face, in order to help children of his caste toacquire the necessary knowledge of Persian.The rules are illustrated by copious quota¬tions from the poets.

This copy breaks off in the 11th Fasl,which contains paradigms of the conjugation.

II. Poll. 22—68. A treatise on Persiangrammar.

Author : Nizam ud-Din Ahmad, ^.UaiJh>I

Beg. . . . i_jua^ oL»wiJ\ JjHJ jjo WjJaaJ n.^ e£ JUj aJll ^±*»>\ ^\dJ

OJU {Jm J\jiThis work, which follows the method of

Arabic grammarians, is divided into threeparts (Bah§), treating severally of the verbs,fol. 22, the nouns, fol. 31, and the particles,fol. 49. Some references to the Hindustanilanguage and to Indian works, as the Farhangi Jahangiri, Parhang i Rashldl, etc., show

VOL. II.

that it was written in India. It was com¬pleted, as stated at the end, in A.H. 1188.

It is endorsed &^ w * Jj^)\ j^'a title which is not found in the text.

Add. 17,965.Poll. 59 ; 5| in. by 3£ ; ahout 13 lines in

a page ; written about A.D. 1700.[Edward Galley.]

A sketch of Persian grammar, written onopposite pages in French and Persian, withthe double title ^-^li u bj Lg\»J^S', and "Rudi¬ments, ou Grammaire Francaise Persienne."

On the fly-leaf is the name of "P. JaqueVillotte," probably the author, and at the topof the second page "Mission Julf. Soc. Jes."

Jacques Villotte, a Jesuit missionary, theauthor of a Dictionarium Latino-Armenium,resided in Persia, principally at the Jesuitestablishment of Julfah, Ispahan, from 1689to 1708. He died in 1743.

Add. 7002.Foil. 218 ; 10 in. by 8; written by John

Iladdon Hindley, on paper water-marked1802.

Short passages from various poets, illus¬trating points of Persian grammar or idiom,with English translations and occasionalremarks. They are apparently extracted,for the most part, from Lumsden and Glad¬win. The volume is inscribed by the com¬piler : "Selections from Persian Poetry, etc.,illustrative of inflexion, syntax and prosody."

Arabic Grammar.

Add. 16,758.Foil. 78; 8£ in. by 6; 9 lines, Z\ in.long;

written in Naskhi, in Sikri, apparently in the16th century. [Wm. Yule.]

N

522 ARABIC GRAMMAR.

I. Foil. 1—54. A treatise on Arabic in¬flexion, commonly called, from the author'stitle, Sarf i Mir, â* <—sjo

Beg. oU^^ÛM^ JUS A\ £j^*->! ^jolL«m>)^Ji S.m ji I—>^C-Six!

Mir Sayyid Sharif Jurjani, horn A.H. 740in Taghu, a village belonging to Astrabad,obtained access in A.H. 779 to Shah Shuja\then encamped in Kasr i Zard, who took himto Shiraz, and appointed him as teacher inthe Dar ush-Shifa. When Timur took Shi¬raz, A.II. 789, Sayyid Sharif was transferredby him to Samarkand, and stayed there tothe end of the conqueror's life, engaged inteaching and in frequent academical disputeswith his great rival in learning, Sa'd ud-DinTaf'tazani. He then returned to Shiraz,where he died A.H. 816, at the age ofseventy-six. His numerous works, mostlywritten in Arabic, have become favouritetext-books in Muhammadan schools. SeeHabib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 89, Majalisul-Muminin, fol. 375, and S. de Sacy, Noticeset Extraits, vol. x. pp. 4—12.

The present work, mentioned by Haj.Khal., vol. ii. p. 304, under the title of\mJoJ^\ &*fJ\ i_a^-a'i, is a popular school-book in India. It has been printed in acollection of grammatical tracts publishedin Calcutta, about 1805, pp. 122—164, andlithographed in Lucknow, A.D. 1844, andA.H. 1288.

The first leaves of the present copy aredisfigured by holes. The latter portion, foil.48—54, written by another hand, is datedA.H. 1089 (A.D. 1678).

II. Poll. 55—78. An Arabic treatise onM

grammar, known as o?j*M. See the ArabicCatalogue, p. 473.

Add. 25,862.Foil. 56; 8£ in. by 5 ; 9 lines, 2f in. long;

written in Nestalik, apparently about theclose of the 17th century. [Wm. Cureton.]

A tract on Arabic inflexion, without title.

Beg. clAX «*JU> »1H UiUe 0 \s) .. . «U ±J)(3*^ 9 I—^S-

The author's name, Sayyid 'Ali Akbar,and the date of his death, A.H. 1091, arerecorded in the following verses, written atthe end by the same hand as the text, andascribed to Navvab Bakir Khan :

^ j>.j g4 u} >- y^lS j £j£, j jjfi. ^±Z» td3W J^>J J> diii j_> Û^jJi

(jSiig^Lj JL*> j—i &j jJtiA-J

0£» Aj^S) y£=\ ^ Ju^lThe margins and the intervals between

the lines are crowded with notes written ina minute character.

This tract has been lithographed in thepress of Naval Kishor, with the title Jî

See Bibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1069,where the author is called Akbar 'All.

Add. 25,861.Foil. 72 ; 8 in. by 4* ; 23 lines, 2± in.

long; written in small Naskhi; dated Rabi' I,A.H. 1120 (A.D. 1708). [Wm. Cureton.]

A treatise on Arabic syntax yd, withouttitle.

Author: Baha ud-Din Muhammad ul-Husaini ul-Mukhtari un-Na'ini, ^s? ^.oJI

jiiUl tjj^

Beg. ulilU fj&j dj$ 3 ji\ i/i «3J *J>(JUI jJli-

Thc author describes his work as a com¬pendious manual written for some beginnerswho came to him for instruction. It isdivided as follows: Mukaddimah, on themeaning of yZ, fol. 2 a. Makalah I., ib., sub¬divided into fourteen Pasls. Makalah n., fol.25 a, treating of grammatical agents, andsimilarly subdivided. Lastly a Khatimah,which, although mentioned in the preface,is not found in the body of the work.

Copyist: ^\>\ ^s? ^\ }\*> ^s?

-• '

ARABIC GBAMMAE.


long; written in small Nestalik, apparentlyin the 16th century. [Robert Taylor.]

An extensive Persian commentary on theKafiyah, or Arabic grammar of Ibn Hajib;see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 230.

The MS. is imperfect at the beginningand at the end. It contains neither title,nor author's name; but it is endorsed

*J15^j> aaiLI»The first page begins thus: )a& >j>- iS \j>\

<-Sj L^ J"° j fjî *j>- j> ajy aJ^lii \jc

iiJZA> L^fjA

Add. 26,134.Poll. 67; 1\ in. by 4|; 5 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nasklri; dated Jumada I.,A.H. 1068 (A.D. 1658). [Wm. Erskine.]

f>scr £" The five treasures," a treatise on Arabic

accidence ^Joî, without author's name.Beg. ÛJl a) jkilj w Lj^ jbL &D ^The work consists, according to the pre¬

face, of five Babs, each of which containsfive Fasls. Bab i., treating of the conjugationof the regular verb, is here omitted, the readerbeing referred for its contents to the author'sj^La* (i.e., according to a marginal note,the opening chapter of his treatise entitledjisLx*),which deals with the same subject.

Bab ii., which alone is extant in this copyand in two others, Add. 5566, iv., and Add.16,757, in., comprises the following fiveFasls: 1. Classes of verbs, fol. 4 b. 2. Verbswith a Hamzah, fol. 8 a. 3. Verbs with aweak letter, fol. 11 b. 4. Reduplicate verbs,fol. 55 6. 5. Ta'lilat, or rules relating tothe permutation of letters, fol. 61 b.

The margins contain copious notes ex¬tracted from various commentaries.

523

The Panj Ganj occupies pp. 38—112 of acollection of grammatical tracts printed inCalcutta, about 1805, and beginning withthe Mizan i Sarf. It is called in the sub¬

scription e-fljâl It has been lithographedin Lucknow, 1841; see Bibliotheca Spren-ger., No. 1070.

Add. 26,135.Foil. 33; 10 in. by 7 ; 9 lines, 4£ in. long;

written in Nestalik, in Surat, early in the19th century. [Wm. Erskine.]

^>>An elementary treatise on Arabic flexion,

by questions and answers.Beg. (j . . • ^.Jl*^ <jS1

)aX>6 e!> t_flJ,j*a'i jj* <^>- "

C*«i\jU-\i j <x>"$

The author, whose name does not appear,states in a short preamble that he hadwritten this manual for his brother's son,'Ata Ullalx B. Muhammad Zarif, tty J\j

<-SoJ& u> ftUl *Ua£This is probably the work described as " a

grammar in questions and answers by 'AtaAllah, printed in Calcutta, 1244." SeeBibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1060.

Add. 5566.Poll. 81; 9 in. by 6; 15 lines, 3| in. long;

written in cursive Nestalik; dated Skavval,A.H. 1187 (A.D. 1773).

I. Poll. 1—7. A treatise on the conjuga¬tion of the regular verb in Arabic, withoutauthor's name.

Beg. j «W ui)j*->\ Jsi . . . «U

M j> >U-»I j tijoS* JUi\ ÛJlJU- _j JJil-** j ^j°^> <S*~>\ w £

In the subscription the work is called ^j*.It has been printed with the title uJj-o ^ji*

n 2

i

524 ARABIC GRAMMAR.

in a collection of grammatical treatisesprinted in Calcutta about A.D. 1805, and liasbeen lithographed in the Muhammad! press,A.H. 1258.

II. Poll. 8—15. A treatise on the variousclasses of Arabic verbs and on their se¬condary forms.

Beg. ,j J'jo «1M ... &)3 ±J)hJ>«j»- i—*MJ> <jjj j\ eJjjalc Jl*i\ ei+>- t£ ij>.}"&\

kJ^.j J \J$* j> [ o\

This treatise, called in the subscriptionsm£J», follows the preceding, with the sametitle, in the above editions.

III. Foil. 16—17. A short tract on thesecondary forms of the Arabic verb, in Mas-navi verse.

Beg. rf-j i*A»-y ^.^Sa* U>^jifi- i.V,»<o (Jj^* i^J

The author's name is stated to be foundin the initial letters of the first five hemi-stichs, which give Mubarak.

IV. Poll. 18—41. Panj Ganj; see above,p. 523 a.

V. Poll. 42—49. A treatise on the lawsof permutation which apply to the Arabicirregular verbs.

Author: Zahlr B. Mahmud B. MasTid ul-'Alavi, <5j«—«<j> j*t&

Beg. v_i^<oj3b i_Jj^ijJ! ad)i_juci^b

This tract occupies pp. 113—122 in theabove mentioned Calcutta collection, whereit is called, in the subscription,

VI. Poll. 50—81. lS'XxJ^ jji*^, a treatiseon the same subject, by questions andanswers.

Author: Saf i B. Naslr, jjuai Ju>

Beg. Jlfl_3^\ u_ftfli*i j Jlj»-^ tj^ *^ <*«^

The author wrote it, as he states in the

preface, for his son, Abul-Makarim Ismfi'Il,as a sequel to the Panj Ganj (p. 523 a),which the latter had read through.


long; written in Nestalik, early in the 19thcentury. [Wm. Yule.]

I. Poll. 2—11. The Mizan; see above,Add. 5566, I.

II. Poll. 12—31. The Munsha'ib; seeib. n.

III. Poll. 32—61. The Panj Ganj; seep. 523 a.

IV. Poll. 62—70. On the laws of per¬mutation in irregular verbs; see Add. 5566, v.

On the first page is written: "In thehandwriting of my most excellent friendAiz ud Deen Khan. "Wm. Yule, Farrukh-abad."

Add. 26,132.Poll. 77; 8f in. by 6% ; from 6 to 13 lines,

4| in. long; written in. Nestalik andNaskhi,apparently in India, in the 19th century.

[Wm. Erskine.]I. Foil. 2—24. A treatise on the con¬

jugation of the regular Arabic verb, withtabular paradigms.

Beg. J JUS M u£jj**»! . . . <j) ^J}***»^ £^ >)W si c^i^ *W (j^W!

J J-iiJL.* j ^joloII. Foil. 25—48. A treatise on the con¬

jugation of the regular Arabic verbs in theirseveral classes, and of their secondary forms,with the heading : u-i^ ^s- yjjj^ll Ue.

Beg. M i£Jd**,l ^ ,..«!) *^J\

j) i__jjjs- t/jj j\ j»(ST ^> JUil «lv>- i£

cP^j j fj> yIn an English title, written by Erskine on

the fly-leaf, the first of the above tracts is

PROSODY. 525

called "Dostur al Ami," the second "Amalal Serf."

III. Poll. 49—77. Sarf i Mir; see above,p. 522 a.

Add. 26,131.Poll. 68; 8£ in. by 6; 11 and 19 lines,

about 4 in. long; dated A.H. 1196 and 1204(A.D. 1782 and 1790). [Wm. Erskine.]

I. Poll. 2—30. Sarf i Mir; see above,p. 522 a.

II. Poll. 31—68. A treatise on the con¬jugation of the regular and irregular Arabicverbs.

Beg. J\£ <JiM uL}s*J\ ^IjJ . . . «U A*as^

W T Jiff j JUil <_JfO (^li-Jjii CwmJIS ^1 ^jUM

It is divided into two Babs treatingseverally of the triliteral and quadriliteralverbs. Each is subdivided into two Pasls, onthe simple and secondary forms. The para¬digms are given in tabular form.

The title " Dustoor Moobteda" has beenwritten by Erskine on the first page.

PKOSODY.

Add, 16,760.Poll. 89; 74 in. by 5; 15 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik; dated A.H.1206 (A.D. 1791—2). [Wm. Yule.]

j\*J*y\ jUjuAn extensive treatise on prosody and

rhyme in Arabic and Persian poetry, with¬out author's name.

Beg. ^\ . . . SjLaMj y>j/liH &UlW*J J** U? Vs' J 0°3 f ^ J*

It is divided into a Mukaddimah and twoPanns, as follows:—Mukaddimah, in threePasls. Definition of poetry, fol. 2 b. Varietyof metres and rhymes in different languages,fol. 5 a. Arts connected with poetry, fol. 5 b.

Pann i. Component parts of the feet andtheir modifications, fol. 6 b. The metres, fol.34 a. Pann n. Rhyme, in ten Pasls, fol. 69 a.

Mufti Muhammad Sa'd Ullah, who editedthe above work, with his own commentaryentitled J&SS ^j*, A.H. 1264, and again, ina revised edition, in the press of NavalKishor, A.H. 1282, ascribes it to the cele¬brated JSTasir ud-Din Tiisi (born A.H. 597,died A.H. 672; see p. 441 b, where A.H. 692is an error of the press), and states in a bio¬graphical notice of the presumed author,that the Mfyar ul-Ash'iir had not receivedthe final revision of Nasir ud-Din, and hadnot, therefore, become a popular school-booklike his other works.

We are not told, however, on whatauthority that attribution rests, and it maybe noticed that no such work is mentionedin the extensive list of the writings of Nasirud-Din given by the author of the Majalisul-Muminin.

The last two pages of the present copy donot belong to the original work; they aretaken from the corresponding part of thetreatise of Jtimi; Blochmann's edition, pp.6 and 7.

Add. 16,808.Poll. 68; 8i in. by 4|; 13 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century.

I. Poll. 1—48. A treatise on Persianprosody.

Author: Saifi,

Bcg.jUiWl J^Jm o°if^ d™r ^<iN«NMaulana Saifi, of Bukhara, also called

Aruzi, on account of his mastery in prosody,was a poet of note. He left in early life hisnative place for Herat, where he stayed someyears, in the reign of Sultan Husain, underthe patronage of Mir 'All Shir. Having sub¬sequently returned to his country, he wasappointed preceptor to Bfdsunghar Mirza,

526 PROSODY.

with whom he remained three years. Afterthat prince's violent death, he retired toBukhara, where he spent the rest of his life.See Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 593,and Haft Iklim, fol. 593. Mir 'All Shirstates in his Majalis, Add. 7669, fol. 32, thatSaifi was addicted to intemperate habits,which he had however lately renounced.

Bfdsungkar Mirza, second son of SultanMahmud Mlrzii, and grandson of Sultan AbuSa'id, was placed on the throne of Samarkandafter his father's death, in A.H. 900, at theage of eighteen years. Driven from thenceby Babar, A.H. 903, he was put in possessionof Hisar by an Amir of his father, KhusrauShah, by whom he was shortly after trea¬cherously murdered, A.H. 905. See Erskine,History of India under Baber, pp. 92, 142,and Memoirs of Baber, pp. 33 and 72. Saifidied, therefore, some time after A.H. 905.The date 99, which is assigned to his death inthe Atashkadah, is probably to bo readA.H. 909.

The date of composition, A.H. 896, is ex¬pressed in a Ruba'1 at the end by the fol¬lowing line: J^J^> V*** *^ u«?.yJ

The treatise of Saifi, commonly called^Jlxm ^jejjZ, has been edited with an Englishtranslation by n. Blochmann, under thetitle of "Prosody of the Persians," Calcutta,1872. It is mentioned by Haj. Khal., vol. iii.p. 419, under i^joj^ SJU-j. See Biblio-theca Sprengcr., No. 1572, and King's Col¬lege, Cambridge, No. 207.

II. Poll. 49—52. Mnemonic verses, con¬taining examples of the Persian metres, fol¬lowed by their scansion.

Beg. jj\ J>ly- Jfy (M/hz?III. Poll. 52 b —55. A short tract on the

feet used in Arabic metres and their modifi¬cations.

Beg. i}yo\ ^JVx) kJo^ <JL»&Ho i-r^ &$oUj

i}3\ id^j &>ji B+» j> \j

IV. Poll. 55 b —57. On various kinds ofcomposition, in prose and verse.

Beg. <jj&- j £$r' ajjs rj* |«~j> ^

V. Poll. 58—62. On the feet, and theirvarious modifications.

Beg. utyjjA ^ u 1^&x'Mj\ C*~S> ya&

This tract contains frequent references tothe work of Saifi.

VI. Poll. 63—68. A treatise on rhyme inPersian poetry, by Jami (see p. 17 a).

Be g- <6o3j)^ v*i>j **>The work, which has no title, is designated

in the preface by the words îlj CîytOifi^y *s\<jk>. It has been edited by Bloch¬mann, with an English translation, in theProsody of the Persians, pp. 75—86. Haj.Khal. mentions the work, without author's

name, under the title ^& ^ «ui\^Jl SJL*»pieuiVflJ^, vol. iii. p. 425.

Add. 7433.Poll. 123; 7 in. by 4£; 12 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik Shikastah-amiz;dated Sha'ban, A.H. 1129 (A.D. 1717).

[01. J. Rich.]I. Poll. 113—110. A short tract on the

component parts of the feet, and on the six¬teen metres used in Persian, without author'sname.

Beg. (j^j J-^yj li^jjj i—jL-i!j>j*Z» <J&> t£\Êach metre is illustrated by a distich con¬

taining its name, and followed by its scan¬sion.

II. Poll. 117—123. A treatise on rhyme,illustrated by Persian verses.

Beg. j juflS s3 cx>. w U.j jd aJL*, y^l

j "—is/"Por the rest of the contents, see the Arabic

Catalogue, p. 242.

INSHA. 527

INSHA,OR, TIIE ART OF COMPOSITION.

Add. 16,841.Poll. 493; lOf in. by 6$ 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, apparently inthe 17th century. [Wm, Yule.]

JJU,A treatise on elegant prose-writing, with

copious examples, consisting of official docu¬ments of the period, and of the author'sown letters.

Author: Amir Khusrau, of Dehli,jjmm (see p. 240 b).

Beg. J*»i? Lr >V&\ \j>&**JJlj fjJ.^ ^JuaJ cAiS\

After verbose panegyrics on Sultan 'Alaud-Din Muhammad (A.H. 696—716), andhis son and successor, Kutb ud-Din Mu¬barak Shah (A.H. 717—721), the authordescribes at great length nine different stylesof Persian prose, to which he adds a tenth,his own, as far superior to all. He states, atthe end, that the work was completed A.H.719. It contains, however, some of theauthor's earliest compositions, especially inthe last section, which includes letters datedA.H. 680 and 682.

The treatise consists of five books (Risa-lah), divided into chapters termed Khat,which are again subdivided into sectionscalled Harf. The Kisalahs are as follows:i. oUS^llj cAs^J\ J, containing ten Khats,fol. 22 b. ii. ob^Cl! OU^I J, con¬taining nine Khats, fol. 85 b. ill. (jJUalM JOlp^LaJl y*, containing two Khats, fol. 2636.iv. ObjiO! ^ ^Ua)! ^J, containing fiveKhats, fol. 317 a. v. oti*J1 ^ j>\yj\ J,containing six Khats, fol. 410 b. Epilogue,fol. 484 a.

The latter part of Risalah vi. (Add.16,842, foil. 471 b— 506 a) is wanting. Inthe first part of the volume are found somemarginal notes and corrections.

A note on the first page states that theMS. had been purchased, in A.II. 1184, byRai (afterwards Maharajah) Tiket Rai, theOude Minister.

The work is commonly known as Pjaz iKhusravT. A short account of it will befound in Elliot's History of India, vol. iii.p. 566. Some extracts of historial interestare given in Persian by Nayyir Rakhshan (seep. 446 b) in Or. 1940, foil. 15—36. Others,translated for Sir H. Elliot by a Munshi, willbe found in Add. 30,772, foil. 217—254.The first Risalah has been lithographed inLucknow, 1865, and the entire work in thesame place, 1876.

Add. 16,842.Poll. 544; 10 in. by 5|; 17 lines, 3| in.

long, in a page; written in cursive Nestalik ;dated Burlulnpur, from Ramazan, A.H. 1081,to Jumada I., 1082 (A.D. 1670—1).

[William Yule.]The same work. The several sections

begin as follows:—Preface, fol. 1 b. Risalah i.,fol. 17 b. ii., fol. 84 b. in., fol. 272 b. iv., fol.327 b. v., fol. 507 b. In the last there is alacune extending from the first Harf ofKhat 4 to the end of the book. Theepilogue is also wanting. Foil. 1—24 havebeen supplied by a later hand.

Add. 22,706.Poll. 86; 8J in. by 5£; 20 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, apparentlyin the 16th century. [Sir John Campbell.]

tiStfl jkUA treatise on the art of literary composi¬

tion.

528 INSHA.

Author: Mahmud B. Shaikh Muhammad

GilanI, ^J'&if -gZ> u>A life of Tmad ud-Din Mahmud, com¬

monly called Khwajah Mahmud Gavan,written by \Abd ul-Karim Hamadiini, isgiven in substance by Firishtah, Bombayedition, vol. i. p. 694, Briggs' translation,vol. ii. p. 511. Born in Gilan, where hisforefathers had held the post of Vazir, hespent his early life in travelling as a mer¬chant through various countries, and havingreached the Deccan at the age of forty-threeyears, was taken into the service of Ala ud-Din Bahmani, who sent him, A.H. 860, atthe head of an army to Tilinga. HumayunShah conferred upon him, after his accession,A.H. 862, the office of Vakil, with the titleof Malik ut-Tujjar. He discharged thefunctions of Vazir under the reign of NizamShah (A.H. 865—867), and of his successorMuhammad Shah, who gave him the title ofKhwaj ah i Jahan. Mahmud was put to death,on an unjust accusation, by the last king,A.H. 886. His surname is said to be derivedfrom Kavan (JjVS, his native town in Gilan;but an anecdote, quoted by Firishtah, provesthat in India it was pronounced Gavan

Mahmud Giivan was celebrated no less forhis literary talent than for his boundlessliberalities. lie left a collection of lettersentitled Riyaz ul-Insha (Or. 1730; calledEauzat ul-Insha by Firishtah) and a Divan.See Firishtah, Bombay edition, vol. i. pp.653, 655, 663, 672 and 602, Briggs' transla¬tion, vol. ii. pp. 448—511.

The author is mentioned as one of the cele¬brated men of Gilan by his contemporary,lAbd ur-Razzak, Matla' us-Sa'dain, fol. 380,who calls him Mahmud Kavan ^JS, of Rasht,son of Khwajah Jalal ud-Din, and who,writing A.H. 875, says that he was knownthroughout the world as Malik ut-Tujjar,and was then wielding supreme sway in thekingdom of Kulbargah.

The work is divided into an Introduction(Mukaddimah), two books (Makamah), anda Khatimah, as follows:—Mukaddimah. Onthe nature and object of the science of Insha,i. e. the art of literary composition, and onthe figures of speech, in eight chapters,(Fasl), fol. 5 a. Makamah i. On the dif¬ferent kinds of composition, in verse andprose, and on the rules to be observed in theselection of words in writing, fol. 27 6. Ma¬kamah ii. On the various styles of epistolarycomposition, and on its rules, fol. 60 b.Khatimah. On orthography, fol. 82 a.

The contents are more fully described byHammer, in the Wiener Jahrbiicher, vol.62, Anz. Blatt, p. 16, and by Fliigel, in theVienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 237. See alsoHaj. Khal., vol. v. p. 138, and Hammer,Redekiinste Persiens, p. 412.

This copy wants the first page. A tableof contents by a later hand is found on thefly-leaf, on which is also written, " JohnN. N. Campbell, Tabreez, 1831."

Add. 25,865.Foil. 244; 12$ in. by 8£; 30 lines, 5f in.

long; written in Ncstalik, in the town ofBanur, district of Sihrind, Jl»&1 ^ \£> "L»aiMjr*; dated Muharram, A.H. 1020 (A.D.1611). [Wm. Cureton.]

A treatise on the art of epistolary compo¬sition.

Author : Husain B. lAli ul-Kashifi, ^-—j-^Ll^ ,> ^ (died A.H. 910; see p. 9 b).

Beg. C^^ri cVjUi-

The preface, which begins with considera¬tions on the value of the art of writing ingeneral, and especially in its application tocorrespondence, contains eulogies on thereigning sovereign, Abul-Ghazi (Sultan Hu¬sain), and on the author's noble patron,Mukarrab ul-Hazrat Mir 'AH Shir, for whom

INSHA. 529

the work was written. It is stated at theend to have been completed on the fourthof Jumiida IL, A.H. 907. The date is in¬geniously expressed in a rhymed chronogramby the following line :

j.W>^** j jjj j J^ - *

(jjLSJ! >HH-*J p^-*?The work is divided as follows: TJnvfm.

What a secretary (Kfitib) must know, fol. 4 a.Sahifah i. Forms of address, cA^Uafc., fol.4 6. Sahifah n. Forms of answer, a>\x->\y>-,fol. 107 b. Sahifah in. On the variousmatters which have to be stated, fol.127 b. Khatimah. Forms of prayer used inletters, fol. 233 b. Each part contains agreat variety of forms of expression tabularlyarranged.

See Haj. Khal. vol. v. p. 466, and Krafft'sCatalogue, p. 23. An Arabic and PersianInsha entitled Sahifah i Shahi, also by Hu-sain Kashifi, has been lithographed in Luck-now. See Bibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1580.

Add. 6608.Foil. 140; 9i in. by 5; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated JumadalL,A.H. 1087 (A.D. 1676). [J. F. Hull.]

tiStf! £^JOForms of letters.

Author: Yusufi, {J»»}>.Beg. #.&-Lj,} ^yj j m13 j» ^yS. C/^J

In the Khuliisat ul-Insha, Or. 1750, fol.158, a work written A.II. 1102, the author ofthis manual is called Maulana Hakim Yusufi,Munshi of Humay un. This would make it pro¬bable that he was identical with the physicianYusuf B. Muhammad, of Herat, who usedalso the poetical surname Yusufi, and livedunder Babar and Humayun; see p. 475 b.

The author states in a short preambleVOL. II.

that he had compiled this manual for hisson Rafi' ud-Din Husain and other students.

The date of its completion is obtained bydoubling the numerical value of its title,470 X 2 = A.H. 940, as expressed in the fol¬lowing chronogram:

jLJo Aj> yJf L$ Li j\jSj>

j.W>l J^—J <*sj> sj ft^c^uJvi>The letters are arranged according to the

rank and class of the persons addressed,and, in tho latter part, according to sub¬jects. This popular work, commonly knownas Inshai Yusufi, has been lithographed inthe Hindu Press, Dehli, without date. It isdescribed in Bibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1603,as compiled in 1086.

Add. 18,884.Foil. 134; 9$ in. by 5|; 13 lines, 3^ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Zulka'dah,A.H. 1235 (A.D. 1820).

The same work.

Add. 16,846.Foil. 94; 81 in. by 5; 11 lines, 2f, in. long;

written in Nestalik; dated Lucknow, Safar,A.H. 1206 (A.D. 1791). [War. Yulk.]

Tho same work, somewhat abridged.The first page bears the stamp of General

Claud Martin (see p. 2 a).

Add. 7692.Foil. 43; 7 in. by 4; 8 lines, 2\ in. long;

written in Shafi'a'i; dated Shavval, A.H.1087 (A.D. 1676). [01. J. Eich.]

A collection of royal letters, headed >^L?J)^ J*"^

Author: Mansur B. Muhammad B. Ali,J* ^ u> jyoi*

Beg. \}<J^ U"^&L J g^)S«» i}**

objs-_j* A£j10

530 INSHA.

The author says that he had collectedhere for the use of students some letterscomposed by the ministers of the presentperiod, ^l*; ^ f>\U\ j\ iJJ^- ^.yS*' Theletters, written in an extremely involvedcharacter, and wholly destitute of diacriticalpoints, appear to have been written in thename of Shah Tahmasp and 'Abbas I. A fewof them bear dates, viz. A.H. 954, 961, 971,972, and 1032. This copy appears to con¬tain a portion only of the work described as^jaXi ^f\£j) in Krafft's Catalogue, p. 28,where the author is called Mansur B. Mu¬hammad 'Ali, of Shiraz.

Royal 16, B. xxin.Toll. 17 ; 8£ in. by 4|; 15 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Nestalik; dated Rabi' II., A.H.1077 (A.D. 1066). [Thomas Hyde.]

Models of familiar letters addressed torelations, friends, and officials of inferiorrank.

Author: Hadiki, Jfr&>-Beg. jtajjiT O^wao- ÛS j <_yl£j\ jl <SjO

\j C^>\dy*ye

The work was written in India. Thedate A.H. 1077, which is found at the end ofone of the letters, fol. 16 a, as well as inthe subscription, probably denotes the timeof compilation.

Add. 26,140.Foil. 53 ; 8J in. by 7 ; 9 lines, 4 in. long;

written in Indian Shikastah-Amiz, apparentlyabout the beginning of the 19th century.

[Wm. Erskine.]

Forms of letters.Author: Harkarn, son of Mathuradas

Kanbu MultanT, jxxf^d \jô ^J>J»

Beg. JUjk* £>y>\ Cjj*L>- tÛSj j\ &*}The author states, in a short preamble,

that he had compiled this work at the urgentrequest of some friends with whom he heldconverse in Mathura, and whose plea wasthat he had been some time MunshI toNavvab I'tibar Khan, and that he had spenta life in the exercise of that profession.

I'tibar Khan, a eunuch, who had beenearly attached to the service of Jahangir,was appointed Subahdar of Akbarabad inthe 17th year of the reign (A.H. 1031—32),and died about two years later; see Ma'a-§ir ul-Umara, fol. 32, and Tazkirat ul-Umara,fol. 4

The work is divided into seven Babs, andcomprises models of letters and of variouskinds of official documents. It has beenedited, in text and translation, by FrancisBalfour, Calcutta, 1781, and reprinted in1831. It has been also lithographed inLahore, 1869. See Mackenzie Collection,vol. ii. p. 136, the Leyden Catalogue, vol. i.p. 175, the Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 28,and the Munich Catalogue, p. 124.

Add. 8913.Foil. 46; 8| in. by 5; 6 lines, 3 in. long;

written in large Nestalik, apparently in the18th century.

l£MA short manual on letter-writing.Author: Sayyid Ali Naki Khan B. Say-

yid Hishmat 'Ali, ^ u i Ji—> ^ ^tJ 6- Ca*£,>»

Bcg. jL*)^ Jio-\ ±>,jf u -j.p- Joo U\ . . . $ <y*J.\u \±. JL3 (> ^

The author, who describes himself as aninhabitant of Sandl (a town near Shahabad,Oude), gives, in seven sections, called Zabi-tah, various forms of epistolary phraseology,

CALLIGRAPHY. 531

graduated according to the rank of the personaddressed. A summary, in tahulated form,occupies foil. 43—45.

Add. 16,857.Foil. 34; 7£ in. by 4£; 7 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andruled margins; dated Eajab, A.II. 1213(A.D. 1799). [Wm. Yule.]

The same work.

CALLIGRAPHY.

Add. 26,139.Foil. 40; 6 in. by 4£; 15 lines, 2J in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andruled margins, apparently in the 17th cen¬tury. [Wm. Erskine.J

I. Foil. 2—18.

A treatise in verse on the rules of Per¬sian penmanship, in six characters, viz. Sulg,Tauki', Muhakkak, Naskh, Raihan, and Rika'.

Author: Majnun,

Beg. Jj tj\±'A m\»- ^ L_j

^ r*f 5 z ,] ^ c Vx-The author, who here designates himself

by his poetical surname Majnun, is betterknown under his proper name, MauLui.iMir 'AIT ul-Katib, as one of the most ac¬complished Nestalik writers. Mir 'AH, sonof Mahmud, poetically surnamcd Rafiki, andborn of a family of Herat Sayyids, grew upin Mashhad, but spent part of his life inBukhara. He lived at the court of 'AbdUllah Khan Uzbak (a son of Kuchkunji;he was raised to the Khanship A.H. 946,and died six months later; see p. 103 b),and taught that prince's son, Mumin Khan.See the Tazkirak i Khat by Rfikim, Or.471, fol. 61, and Or. 235, fol. 11—13, wherethe present work is called wo.**. la,k^ A»\j»t

and is stated to have been written for Shah-zfidah Sultan Muzaffar.

Mir 'All Katib died, according to theMir'at ul-Alam, fol. 460, A.H. 924. Thatdate, however, which is also given by Bloch-mann (Ain i Akbari, p. 102, notes) is evi¬dently too early. A contemporary writer,Sam Mirza states, fol. 45, that Mir 'All re¬paired from Khorasan to Mavara un-Nahrin A.H. 945, when his eye-sight had alreadybeen impaired by age; and a chronogramcomposed by Mir 'Ali on the erection of aMadrasah in Bukhara A.H. 942, and quotedby Hakim, Or. 471, fol. 62, shows that hewas then residing in that city. Otherauthors refer his death to A.H. 951 and 957.See Dorn, Melanges Asiatiques, vol. ii. p. 43.

It must be noticed, however, that KhwandAmir, who mentions Maulanu Majnun, sonof Kamal ud-Din Mahmud Rafiki, as a calli-graphcr and poet who lived in the reign ofAbul-Ghazi Sultan Husain, does not identifyhim with Mir 'Ali Katib, the first of Nestalikwriters, to whom he devotes a separate noticeunder the reign of Shah Isma'il. See Habibus-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 350, and Juz 4,p. 118.

The author says in the preamble that hehad put here in verse the teachings of hisfather Mahmud ur-Rafiki, who had beenhis instructor both in penmanship and poetry.The title and the date of composition, A.II.909, are given in the following distich :

gJ3 (jila^ j\ ftf\j ^ r ~>j r \>

The work is dedicated to Sultan Muzaffar(probably an Uzbak prince), who is describedas a " rose on the rose-bush of Chingiz Khan,"

>.^r J J?II. Foil. 18 6—36.

j las*

A treatise on the rules of the charactercalled Naskh u Ta'lik, by the same author,

o 2

532 CALLIGRAPHY.

Beg. ti^-f^'j ^ \j{j*Xm\ } s^-The author refers in the preface to the

preceding work.III. Foil. 36—40. A treatise in verse on

the same subject, ^jAî j > £fj andapparently by the same author.

Beg. j £~S ki- jlLfjjj jî

The relative proportions of the letters,expressed by various numbers of dots, areshown by figures in the margin.

This is probably the work ascribed to MirAll in Krafft's Catalogue, p. 5, No. xii.

Or. 235.Foil. 52 ; 8J in. by 6 ; 11 lines, 4 in. long;

written in Nestalik; dated A.D. 1863.[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

A treatise on calligraphy, with notices onthe penmen who have attained eminence inthe divers varieties of the Persian character.

Author: Rakim Ghulam Muhammad,writer of seven Kalams, or characters, J\j

(jJS CUsuc

Beg. £j.*f j>j <_alaJ ^\The author's name occurs incidentally in

his notice on Muhammad Haflz Khan, fol.41 6. He mentions himself as one of thedisciples of that calligrapher, who had servedunder Muhammad Shah as Daroghah i Yasa-valan, and who died in Dehli, A.H. 1194.That date is fixed by a chronogram of theauthor's composition in which he uses Rakimas his Takhallus.

Khallfah Ghulam Muhammad Rakim, ofDehli, is mentioned in the Tazkirah of Kasim,written A.II. 1221. He had proceeded toLucknow about A. H. 1209, but had subse¬quently returned to Dehli, where he was thenstudying medicine. See the Oude Catalogue,p. 280. Several passages of the presentwork show that the author lived in Luck-

now in the time of Asaf ud-Daulah. Ofthe various dates given in the biographicalnotices the latest is A.H. 1228.

This treatise, which is called in the sub¬scription î^y- jJUj, , contains an accountof various characters, and instructions, inprose and verse, as to the choice of a reed,the preparation of ink, etc. But it is chieflytaken up by notices on eminent calligraphers,which are brought down to the author'stime, and include several of his pupils.The arrangement, which was originally chro¬nological, has been much disturbed in thepresent copy, which appears to have beentranscribed from a MS. in which some leaveswere missing and others transposed.

Or. 471.Poll. 92; 10| in. by 6|; 11 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the 19th cen¬tury. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

I. Poll. 2—21. Syllabaries showing allpossible combinations of letters, with somewriting models.

II. Poll. 22—27. Rules for the correctwriting of every letter of the alphabet, inMa§navi rhyme.

Beg. ■JJ'.b aJaai *«i (_flM ,_y^bThey are due, according to the following

subscription, to the pen of Rakim (sec thepreceding number):

< ^j>Jî p>\j jiju ^^^yiJ^y- alL*, ^l^j*r> cs^

III. Poll. 28—54. Calligraphic specimensin various characters, including figures ofanimals made up of letters. On fol. 39 a isfound the signature of Rakim under his propername, Maulavl Ghulam Muhammad.

IV. Poll. 56—92. Notices on celebratedpenmen, from the earliest period to A.H.1239, with the heading: j lai- s^Sj

I rrl jCfc«» J>\ Ûj \j ,_$\iXo!j\ lj\*~>jXM>y>-

POETRY. 533

Author: Rakim, ^Beg. y>\» &\ j.j^jt ^ {j^-The contents are to some extent identical

with those of the preceding MS. The pre¬sent copy is also incomplete and out of order.

King's MS. 445.Foil. 70; 9 in. by 6J; 7 lines, 4 in. long;

fairly written, with gold-ruled margins; dated

Ramazan, A.H. 1209, March, A.D. 1795." Seven alphabets with the combinations

of all the letters in each. "Written at Cal¬cutta, on the 68th year of his age, by SliaAzeez Ullah of Bochara, Moonshy to Sir JohnMurray, Bart." (See p. 409, note.)

Contents: Nestalik, fol. 3. Shikastah-Amiz, fol. 13. Shikastah Pur, fol. 22. Sha-fi'al, fol. 29. Suls, fol. 38. Tughra'I, fol. 49.Naskh, fol. GO.

POETRY.

Add. 21,103.Poll. 297; 131 in. by 10$; 29 lines, 8£ in.

long; written in Naskhi, in six columns,ruled with red ink, probably in the 13th cen¬tury. [II. Steinschuss.J

&«Ij&U>Author: PirdusT, ^jtjBeg. £>f- j W U- &>j\&>- «Uj

i^tiili j> s.L>,&>\ J>j>Pirdiisi's great epic has been edited by

Turner Macan, Calcutta, 1829, and, with aPrench translation, by Jules Mohl, Paris,1829-1878. A third edition, based on thepreceding, was commenced by ProfessorJ. A. Vullcrs, Lcyden, 1876. Pastern editions,lithographed in Bombay, 1849, Cawnpore,1874, Teberan, A.H. 1267, etc., are reprintsof the text edited by Macan.

Pirdiisi's original name was Abul-KasimHasan, or, according to the preface of Bai-sunghar, and later writers, Mansur. He wasborn in Shadab, near Tus, some time after

A.H. 320, and spent thirty-five years on thecomposition of the Shahnamah, which hewrote partly in Tus, partly at the court ofSultan Mahmud in Ghaznln, and completed,as stated at the end, in A.H. 400, when hewas nearly eighty years of age. Pirdusidied in his native town, A.H. 411, or, ac¬cording to others, A.H. 416.

The earliest extant account of PirdusT isprobably that of Ahmad B. 'IJmar un-NizilmTul-AruzT us-Samarkand!, who states that hevisited the poet's tomb A.H. 510. It isquoted at length in Ibn Isfandiyar's Historyof Tabaristan (see p. 202 a), Add. 7633, foil.185—188. Other notices will be found inthe two Persian prefaces contained in someMSS. of the Shahnamah, and in the follow¬ing works:

Tarikh Guzidah, fol. 242; Jami's Baha-ristan, fol. 59; Tazkirah i Daulatshah, fol. 25(translated by S. de Sacy, Notices et Extraits,vol. iv. p. 130, and by Vullers, Pragmenteiiber die Religion des Zoroaster); Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 22; Haft Iklim, fol.

534 POETRY.—EIRDUSI.

290; Majfdis ul-MiiminTn, fol. 522; Riytizush-Shu'ara, fol. 332, and Atashkadah, p. 77.See also the English and Persian prefaces ofMacan's edition; the introduction of Mold'sedition; Hammer, Schone Redekiinste Per-siens, p. 50; Ouseley, Notices of Persianpoets, p. 54; Wallenbourg, Notice sur leSchahnam.6, Vienna, 1810 ; Gorres, Helden-buch von Iran, Berlin, 1820; J. Atkinson,Soohrab, a poem, Calcutta, 1814, and "theShah Namah of Eirdausi," London, 1832;Starkenfels, Kej - Kawus in Masenderan,Vienna, 1841; A. E. von Schack, Helden-sagen, 1851; Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,p. 405, and Ethe, Eirdusi als Lyriker, Sit-zungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie,1872, p. 275, and 1873, p. 623.

The archaic spelling of the present copy,as i for a and for as well as theantique form of the writing, assigns to it a veryearly date. The last leaf has been supplied by aband of the 16th century; but the subscrip¬tion, which professes to have been copiedfrom the original MS., and states that it hadbeen written A.H. 675 (A.D. 1276—7), isprobably correct. The first six leaves, andfour in the body of the volume, foil. 49—52,are due to the same later hand.

Eoll. 1—3 contain a list of the early kingsof Persia and a preface to the Shahnamah,which begins thus:<ty»T uJ 3 u>} ^]i>}^ t^»T j

This preface is found in copies anterior tothe recension of the Shahnamah completedfor Mirza Baisunghar (sec p. 77 b), A.11.829, and may therefore, in contradistinctionto the preface of the latter, be called theolder preface. It is designated by Mold,p. xv., note, as preface No. 2, and it has beentranslated by M. do Wallenbourg in his"Notice sur le Sohahname."

The number of distichs, in the presentcopy, amounts to little more than 50,000.

On the fly-loaf is the following note,written by the Rev. H. Sternschuss: " Ob¬

tained it about 1848 at Shiraz from a Parseewho brought it from Yezd at my request."

Or. 1403.

Eoll. 513; 104 in - h 7 ?i 5 27 lines, 5 in.long ; written in four gold-ruled columns, insmall Nestalik, with two 'Unvans and goldheadings; dated Ramazan, A.H. 841 (A.D.1438). [Jules Mohl.]

The same poem.The learned translator of the Shahnamah,

who frequently refers to this copy as hisMS. No. 5, describes it as follows: " Unautre, fort ancien, est remarquable en cequ'il offre un excellent exemple de l'etat ouetait le texte avant la revision faite parordrc de Baisangher Khan." See Mohl'sPreface, pp. xvi., xxix., xxxvi., notes, andlxxxv.

Contents: The older preface, foil. 2 b. (Ithas lost two leaves after fol. 3. The text,although agreeing in the main with othercopies, shows an addition probably made inIndia: towards the end of Eirdusi's life, fol.5 a, it is stated that, when fleeing from thewrath of Mahmud, he had taken refuge inIndia, and that the king of Dehli, after keep¬ing him some time as an honoured guest,sent him back with rich presents to Tus).

An account of the early kings of Persia,with tables of the dynasties, fol. 5 a, (want¬ing a leaf after fol. 5).

An alphabetical glossary of the obsoletewords occurring in the Shahnamah, fol. 7 a.

The Shahnamah, consisting of about51,200 distichs, foil. 10 6—513 a.

The last section dilfers considerably fromthe printed texts. It omits the verses in whichEirdusi states that he was nearly eighty yearsof age, and had spent thirty-five years on thecomposition of the poem; and it gives a muchearlier date for its completion, namely A.II.384, instead of A.H. 400, as follows:

POETRY.—PIRDU SI. 535

t».*aS j>*>

&j\ jjj j\sJ~S~u> l\-+->

J^jiJ J 1 &*axu> tSut CJ^ss?}

j> O^J^jV J <^~*

A later date is found in an epilogue, con¬sisting of thirty-three Baits, which followsthe ordinary conclusion without any break,and is not found in other copies. It beginsthus:

dJ^JJ fJ^jXui) &£>

ul)JL» ^jj-*- w ! <_?V^2&x£>l_»- ^S*jJu

wliJj ^ I) £j^bb (_r?j^ * Sa

»Ui (^jl^jJiv?^)' j\

L^>^jj\ Jjj JU*> j>\

dj.uiSiO.yu> b jbLLfc j (JL» ^j

The writer relates how, after completingthis great history, on the 25th of Muharram,A.H. 389, he had been invited by a governor,f^b-, Ahmad B. Muhammad Abu Bakr Ispa¬han! by name, who received him in hisresidence, in Khan Lanjan, ^b-, liberallysupplied all his wants, and refused to listento his slanderers. He concludes by express¬ing his unbounded gratitude to tbc gover¬nor's youthful son, who had saved his life bydragging him by the hair out of the ragingwaters of the ZarrinRud ^.j ^j, into whichhe had accidentally fallen.

Khanlanjan is mentioned by Sam Yuri andYakut as a town of the province of Ispahan.It is, according to the Kamil, vol. viii.p. 367, nine Parsakhs distant from that city.Ouseley states in his Travels, vol. iii. p. 17,that Linjiin is the name of a district wateredby the Zindah-rud, some distance aboveIspahan.

The above epilogue is followed by a rhymed- colophon in the same metre, transcribed from

an earlier MS., which is stated to have beenwritten for a noble personage called Khwajah

'All Shah, and to have been completed onthe tenth of Muharram, A.II. 779.

This volume contains ninety-five minia¬tures in Persian style, each of which occupiesabout a third of the page.

Add. 18,188.Poll. 500 ; 13| in. by 9.} ; 25 lines, 5| in.

long; written. in fair Ncstalik, in four gold-ruled columns, with gold headings, and arich 'Unvan; dated Jumada II., A.II. 891(A.D. 1186).

The same poem, without preface.The number of distichs may be roughly

estimated at about 15,500.The volume contains seventy-two minia¬

tures, in fair Persian style, occupying abouthalf a page each.

Copyist: <^i\j* b ^ lL>V*

Add. 15,531.Poll. 513; 131 in. by 8£; 25 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in neat Ncstalik, in four gold-ruled columns, with rich 'Unvans and goldheadings; dated Zulhijjah, A.H. 912 (A.D.1530).

The Shahnamah, to which is prefixed thefollowing:—

1. An introduction, written in a flowerystyle, treating of the relative merits of proseand poetry, and concluding with a wordyencomium of the Shahnamah, fol. 3 b.

Beg. £l> 3 j ijJJ ^ o-V*2. The older preface, in a recension, which

differs materially from the text of othercopies, foil. 1 b— 9 b.

The text, which comprises about 52,000Baits, is divided into two parts. The second,which has an 'Unvan of its own, fol. 265 b,begins with the reign of Luhrasp (Macan,p. 1030).

This volume contains three whole-pageminiatures, enclosed in rich borders, at thebeginning, foil. 2 b, 3 a, 10 a, and forty-five

53G POETRY.—FIEDXJ SI.

smaller, all in good Persian style. On thefly-leaf is written : " To Maria Graham, fromher affectionate friends James and CatherineMackintosh, Tarala Library, Bombay, 27thJan., 1810. This MS. belonged to ChiraghAli Khan, said to have been one of theablest ministers that Persia ever had, whodied a few months ago at Teheraun."

Add. 27,257.Poll. 540 ; 18£ in. by 11£; 25 lines, 6| in.

long; written in fair JNestalik, in fourcolumns, profusely ornamented with rich'Unvans, ornamental borders, and illuminatedheadings, probably in the 16th century;bound in embossed and gilt leather.

[Sir John Malcolm.]The Shahnamah, with the preface of Bai-

sunghar, foil. 2 b —14 a, which begins thus:Jl/ >\ &f ^ *j W T j£* Jcutfl

This preface, which was written for Mirza,Biiisunghar in A.H. 829, has been printedalmost entirely in Macan's Persian introduc¬tion to the Shahnamah, pp. 11—61.

The number of Baits in the present copyis not much in excess of 48,000.

This fine volume, which contains fifty-fivewhole-page miniatures, in good Persian style,was probably executed for some princely per¬sonage ; but it bears now only private sealsof modern date, such as those of MuhammadMahdi, A.H. 1110, and Sayyid Murtazsl ul-Husaini, A.H. 1153. It passed into thehands of Edward Galley, A.l). 1783, and waspurchased by Sir John Malcolm in 1805.

Add. 27,302.Foil. 022; 19 in. by 12; 25 lines, 5| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in fourcolumns, ornamented and bound preciselyin the same manner as the preceding; datedA.H. 994 (A.D. 1586).

The Shahnamah, with a preface.The doxology of Bfiisunghar's preface

occupies two illuminated pages, foil. 2 b and3 a. But the preface itself, foil. 3 b —7 «,which begins thus:jj jb (Ja-jJ* J* U^A***» J (J»»^**»

is quite distinct from either of those whichhave been already mentioned. Beginningwith an account of Mahmud's first attemptsto obtain a poetical version of the Book ofKings, it is chiefly taken up with a short andlegendary life of Pirdusi, who is called Abul-Kasim Hasan B. 'All, and is said to have hada younger brother, Husain B. 'Ali. It con¬tains the celebrated satire on Mahmud(Macan, vol. i. p. 63, Mold's preface, p. 88),and ends with an account of the depositionof Hasan Mimandi, and of the present whichthe penitent Mahmud sent too late to theslighted poet. A list of the ancient kingsof Persia is appended.

The poem consists, in the present copy,of upwards of 56,000 Baits.

Copyist: l-oV^) ^.jjUM ^ijThe volume contains fifty-two whole-page

miniatures, in fair Persian style.On the first page is a Persian note, dated

Rabi' II., 1248 (September, 1832), in whichthe writer states that he was sending this bookas a souvenir to the English Prime MinisterU-a&I jjj (Earl Grey). Thewriter's seal bears the name of Muham¬mad Husain, i.e. HsijI Muhammad Husain,Amln ud-Daulah, the second minister of thePersian court (see p. 392 b, notes).

Add. 5600.Foil. 585; 12£ in. by 8; 25 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in a small and neat Nestalik,in four gold-ruled columns, with rich 'Un-vans and ornamental headings, apparentlyin the 16th century; bound in glazed andpainted covers. [N. Brassey Halhed.]

The Shahnamah, with a version of the

POETRY.—FIRDUSI. 537

older preface, foil. 2 b—7 b, which differs insome parts from the text of Add. 21,103.

The total number of distichs amounts toabout 51,000.

The volume contains ninety miniatures,each of which occupies the larger part ofa page. They are executed in the best In¬dian style, and are signed by different artists.The names of Kasim, Kamfil, Shimal, Ban-warl, and Bhagwati, recur frequently.

On the first page is a Persian note statingtliat this Shahnamah had been bestowed byHis late Majesty Jahangir on the least of hisservants, Ilahvirdi Chelah, in the 8th year ofthe reign (A.H. 1022), and had been pre¬sented by the latter to his brother KhwajahMuhammad Rashid. On the opposite pageare found the seal and signature of Muham¬mad 'Arif, son of the last named Muham¬mad Rashid, and those of some later owners.

Ilahvirdi, a Turk, who traced his origin tothe Saljuks, entered in early life the serviceof Sultan Parviz, and afterwards that ofJahangir, with whom his skill in huntingsoon made him a great favourite. He rosein the reign of Shahjahan to high militarycommands; but was put to death by PrinceShuja' in the 32nd year of the reign. Seehis life in Maagir ul-Umara, Add. 6567, fol.50 b, and Tazkirat ul-Umara, Add. 16,703,fol. 14 b.

Add. 7724.

Foil. 171; 13| inby 8|; 27 lines, 5£ in.long, in a page; written in Nestalik, in fourgold-ruled columns, with 'Unvan; datedRabi' I., A.H. 1021 (A.D. 1612).

[01. J. Rich.]The Shahnamah, with the preface of Bai-

sunghar, foil. 1 b —11 a, the first two pagesof which have been restored by a later hand,as well as foil. 135—6, 102—3, 236—7,319—342.

VOL. II.

The number of distichs in this copy is notmuch over 48,000.

The volume contains ten whole-page minia¬tures in Persian style, most of which aresomewhat rubbed and discoloured.

Copyist: JU^ ^ <j*y°

Add. 16,761.Foil. 525 ; llf in. by 7{ ; 25 lines, 4| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, in fourgold-ruled columns, with rich 'Unvans andilluminated headings; dated Zulka'dah, A.H.1023 (A.D. 1614). [Wm. Yule.]

The Shahnamah with the older preface,foil. 1 b—7 a.

To the ordinary conclusion of the poemare added some verses, partly taken from thesatire on Sultan Mahmud.

The total number of distichs does notexceed 48,000.

This volume contains forty miniatures, ingood Persian style, each of which occupiesthe greater part of a page.

Copyist: ^y^- ly*****-

Add. 27,258.Foil. 660 ; 14J in. by 9±; 25 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four gold-ruledcolumns, with 'Unvans; dated Ramazan,A.H. 1037 (A.D. 1628.)

[Sir John Malcolm.]The Shahnamah, with the preface of Bai-

sunghar, foil. 1 b —11 a.The poem is divided into four parts, each

with a separate 'Unvan. The first ends withthe fight of Rustam and the Div Akvan(Macan's edition, p. 753), fol. 243 a; thesecond with the reign of Kaikhusrau (ibid,p. 1030), fol. 366 b ; the third with the reignof Kubad (ib. p. 1617), fol. 529 b; and thefourth completes the poem.

The text is perhaps the longest, or mostinterpolated, in existence. The total number

p

538 POETRY.—FIRDUSI.

of distichs is, according to a calculationentered on the first page, 61,266.

This copy is mentioned by M. Mohl inhis preface, p. 82, as the main source of thetext published by Lumsden, Calcutta, 1811.

The MS. contains sixty-three miniatures,in fair Persian style, each occupying half apage or more.

Copyist: ^ ^ ^ ^>

Add. 4943.Poll. 283; 12£ in. by 1\\ 25 lines, 4J in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four columns,with a 'Unvan; dated Rabi* I., A.H. 1054(A.D. 1644).

The latter half of the Shahnamah, cor¬responding to pp. 1155—2096 of Macan'sedition.

On the first page is written : " Presentedby Claud Russell, Esq., Oct. 5, 1781."

Add. 6609.Poll. 611; 11 in. by 7| ; 25 lines, 4f in.

long, in a page; written in Nestalik, in fourgold-ruled columns, with several rich TJn-vans, apparently in the 17th century. Itis partially injured by damp and torn.

[J. P. Hull.]The Shahnamah, in about 48,000 distichs.Prefixed to the poem are:—1. The older

preface, in a fuller recension than in Add.5600, fol. 1 b. 2. An extract from a workon general history, with tabulated lists of theearly kings of Persia, fol. 8 a. 3. A shortalphabetical glossary of obsolete words, be¬ginning (jTj!^ SU5 i—ftH fol. 10 b.

The poem, which begins on fol. 13 b, isdivided into two parts, the first of whichcloses with Dakiki's apparition to Firdusiin a dream (Macan's edition, p. 1065), fol.338 a.

Single leaves are missing after fol. 30

(Macan, pp. 46—48) and after fol. 583 (ib.pp. 1679—1681).

Pive miniatures, in Indian style, more orless defaced, which have been inserted,foil. 61, 81, 219, 398, 446, once belonged toother MSS. The same leaves contain por¬tions of older texts.

This copy was written by Haiclar Muham¬mad Tabriz! for an officer called Mlrza TvazBeg Salmani. Of the date of transcriptionthe last figure only, 8, is legible. An l IvazBeg, afterwards 'Ivaz Khan, held a militarycommand at Kabul in the first year ofShahjahan (A.H. 1037—8), and died A.H.1050; see Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 70 b t andMaa§ir ul-Umara, fol. 377 b.

At beginning and end is impressed theseal of Sayyid Jalal 'Alamgirshahi {i.e. anAmir of Aurangzib's reign), with the dateA.H. 1088.


long; written in Nestalik, in four gold-ruledcolumns, with a 'Unvan, probably in the 17thcentury. [J. P. Hull.]

The first half of the poem (Macan's edi¬tion, pp. 1—1065), with forty-seven half-page miniatures, in a second-rate Indianstyle.

Add. 18,804.Poll. 358; 14 in. by 9|; 20 lines, h\ in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four gold-ruledcolumns, with 'Unvaris; dated Parganah ofRajur, Rabi 1 I., and Rajab, A.H. 1131 (A.D.1719).

The latter half of the Shahnamah, dividedinto two volumes, corresponding to pp.1028—1587 and 1588—2096 of Macan'sedition.

The concluding section contains someverses of the satire on Mahmud.

POETRY.—FIRDUSL 539

The MS. was written, as stated in the sub¬scriptions, for a man of rank called AjagatSingh yxa- c^>-\ sj^, by Khalil Ullah,surnamed Haft-Kalami. It contains ninety-seven miniatures, in fair Indian style, a fewof which only are whole-page.

Add 25,797.Foil. 131; llf in. by 8£; 25 lines, 6£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four columns,apparently early in the 18th century.

[Wll. CURETON.]The first quarter of the Shahnamah (Ma-

can's edition, pp. 1—552).The MS. is dated in the fourth year of the

reign, probably that of Bahadur Shah, A.H.1121—2.

Copyist: i&\ JJi- ^U*

Egerton 682-685.Four uniform volumes, containing respec¬

tively foil. 198, 185, 157, and 142; 16* in.by 9f; 23 lines, 6£ in. long; written inNestalik, in four columns; dated Kundapili(Condapilly, district of Masulipatan), Rabi' I.,A.H. 1202 (A.D. 1788); bound in embossedleather covers. [Adam Clarke.]

The Shahnamah, in about 58,500 distichs.The first two volumes contain the first half

of the poem, corresponding to pp. 1—1030of Macan's edition, the third corresponds topp. 1030—1595, the fourth to pp. 1595—2096, and has the satire on Sultan Mahmtid,in a recension which differs considerablyfrom the printed texts.

Prefixed to the first volume is an Englishnotice on Firdusi, extracted from Jos.Champion's "Poems of Ferdosi," Calcutta,1785.

Copyist: ,Jx~Jb J* ^^s? jJ\ ^


long; written in Nestalik, in four columns,apparently in the 18th century.

[Wm. Erskine.JThe first half of the Shahnamah (Macan's

edition, pp. 1—982).

Add. 25,798.Foil. 201; ll£ in. by 1\; 17 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [Wm. Curkton.]

&*LaU> ^k^*An abridgment of Firdiisi's Shahnamah,

consisting of copious extracts from the poem,connected by a prose narrative.

Author: Tavakkul Beg, son of Tulak Beg,i^Dy

Beg. Oj*au>- j> Clolji j, ^lo j i^o.Uxj ix»>-{J^.J^

It appears from the preface that in the26th year of Shahjahan's reign, or A.H.1063, the author was sent by Prince DariiShikuh, then Subahdar of Kabul, to Ghaznin,as a confidential agent and news-writer,(j-jy j , and that he wrote the presentcompilation at the request of the governorof that place, Shamshir Khan.

Shamshir Khan Tarin, whose originalname was Muhammad Hayat, had enteredthe imperial service in the first year of thereign of Shahjahan. He was appointed Tha-nahdiir of Ghaznin in A.H. 1060, and retainedthat post till A.H. 1069, when he wastransferred by Aurangzib to the command ofKabul. See Maa§ir ul-Umara, fol. 357, andTazkirat ul-TJmara, fol. 59.

The author is called in another copy, Add.5619, Tavakkul Muhammad, son of TulakMuhammad ul-Husainl. The work is desig.nated by the above title in three copies ; inothers it is called Khuliisah i Shahnamah(Add. 6611, 27,269), Tarikh i Dilkushai

p 2


Shamshlrkhani (Or. 371, Add. 5619), andTarikh i ShainshTrkhanl. The history isbrought down to the reign of Ardashir Baba-gan. The work concludes with a dry enu¬meration of that king's successors, and anotice on the Shahnamah and Eirdusi's life,extracted from the older preface.

The Shamshlrkhani is the original of thework published by J. Atkinson, "The Shah¬namah of Eirdausi," London, 1832. It ismentioned in Stewart's Catalogue, p. 20,Mold's preface, p. 79, Ouseley's Travels,vol. ii. p. 540, and the Copenhagen Cata¬logue, p. 540.

Or. 371.Foil. 232; 13| in. by 8|; 17 lines, 5^ in.

long; written in large Nestalik, with *Un-van and gold-ruled margins; dated Sha'ban,A.II. 1155 (A.D. 1742).

[Geo. Win. Hamilton.]The same work.By some mistake of the transcriber the

first three pages of the notice on Firdusi,which are found in their proper place, fob227 b, have been also written at the begin¬ning of the volume, where they are followed,without any apparent break, by the prefaceTavakkul Beg.

This volume contains seventy-six minia¬tures, in Indian style, each occupying aboutone third of a page.

It was transcribed by J^iLaJ) s^, for Mi-yan Sukhan-Eahm Jiv.

Egerton 1105.Foil. 203; 9£ in. by 5; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, at Murshidabad,about the beginning of the 18th century.

[Adam Clarke.]The same work.

Copyist: CJ~*> uJjlfi- Jj ^iri^.li-LU CX-J J(i\*

Add. 6939.Foil. 722; 13 in. by 8; written by the

Rev. J. Iladdon Hindley, on paper water¬marked 1811.

A transcript of the preceding MS., with anEnglish translation.

Add. 7725.Foil. 157 ; 9{ in. by 5|; 20 lines, 3| in.

long; written in a cursive Indian character;dated Eabl* I., A.H. 1198 (A.D. 1784).

[01. J. Rich. JThe same work.

Copyist: o)j ^jLj* J*) ^»>b

Add. 6611.Foil. 270; 94 in. by 7£; 13 lines, 5 in.

long; written in a cursive Indian character,with ruled margins; dated Zulka'dah, A.H.1212 (A.D. 1798). [J. E. Hull.J

The same work.This copy does not contain the life of Fir-

diisl, but ends with an extract from thesatire on Mahmud, foil. 268 6—270 a.

Add. 27,269.Foil. 270; Hi in. by 7; 15 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik, in the18th century.

The same work, ending also with an ex¬tract from the satire on Mahmud.

On the fly-leaf is written: " From HisHighness the Nabob of the Carnatic, to JohnMacdonald Kinneir."

Add. 5619.Foil. 214; 10 in. by 6$; 17 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the 18th cen¬tury. [N. Brassey Haliied.]

The same work, without the life of Eir-dusi.


Add. 6949,Foil. 19; 9 in. by 1\ ; written by the Rev.

John Iladdon Hindley.A transcript of the first six folios of the

preceding MS.

Add. 24,415.Foil. 160; 10i in. by 7; 17 lines, 4± in.

long, in a page; written in Indian Nestalik,at Vellore, A.D. 1804. [Sir John Malcolm.]

The same work. At the end, and byanother hand, is added a second and differentrecension of the satire on Mahmud.

Copyist: ^l*. ^.JThe above shows that the MS. was written

after the death of the transcriber's father,Ahmad Husain Khan, which, according toa versified chronogram written on the fly¬leaf, took place in Zulhijjah, A.H. 1218(April, 1804). A note, in the hand of Dr.John Lcyden, states that he perused it inNovember, 1804.

Royal 16 B. xiv.Foil. 118; 10^ in. by 6±; 19 lines, 4^ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated in themonth of Shahrivar of the year 1040 of Yaz-dagird (A.D. 1671). [Tuo. Hyde. J

J&> 'iulÛiAn abridgment of the Shahnamah in prose.

Beg. ^» JJU ^ ij>\ j* o-USô)-*-3

It appears from the preface that the au¬thor, a Parsee, wrote this abstract by desireof Captain Aungier, 11 jL~* J^.^, Whohad no mind to read the bulky poem.

It may be noticed that the episode ofBarzii, which does not belong to Firdusi's

» Mr. Aungier was President in Surat, where he diedin 1G77. See Bruce's Annals of the East India Company.

work, is treated here at some length, foil.70 «—79 a.

At the end are some verses in the epicmetre, in which the author records the pre¬sentation of his book to Mr. Aungier, and thereward he obtained from him.

On the fly-leaf is found the following note :" This is a most excellent booke and not tobe gotten here amongst them. I got it fromour worthy President, Mr. Aungier. Thelearned Herbud was very loath I should partwith it before he had taken a coppy of it,but it could not be done, our ships being soenear their departure."

From this it would appear that the MS.contains the original draft, and that thescribe, who in the subscription calls himselfKhwurshid, son of Isfandiyar, an inhabitantof the town of Nausfiri, was the authorhimself.

This MS. is described by Sir Wm. Ouseleyin his Travels, vol. ii. p. 540. See the samescholar's Oriental Collection, vol. i. pp. 218,359, and vol. ii. p. 45, Hyde, Historia Reli-gionis Persarum, p. 319, and Mohl, Prefaceto the Shahnamah, p. 79.


Rev. J. Haddon Hindley, on paper water¬marked 1812.

A transcript of the first portion of thepreceding MS., foil. 1 b —95 b, with anEnglish translation extending to the firstthree quarters of the text.

Add. 7664.Foil. 72; 8i in. by 6±; 11 lines, 3g in.

long; written in large Nestalik; dated A.H.1222 (A.D. 1807). [CI. J. Rich.]

'jWv*Ân abridgment, in prose, of Firdusi's

account of the Pishdadis.

Author: Parldun. B. Muhammad Kasim

Halalkhwur MazandaranT, «m»\j ^ uJ^VJ^jU

R e Jv i-fj 3? *<ip«*» ^—i)^ jb* ^y>-

Por this composition we are indebted tothe curious taste of Path 'Ali Shah, who, asis quaintly stated in the preface, being ex¬tremely fond of the Shahnamah, gave, inA.H. 1216, the order to turn it into prose.The task was divided, the Kayanis devolvingon Mirza Muhammad Riza Tabriz!, the Ash-kanis on Mirza 'Isa Parahani, the Siisanis onMirza 'Abd ul-Vahhab Isfahan!, and the Pish-dadis on the present writer.

The above title, written at the top of thefirst page, apparently applies to the aggre¬gate of the four versions.

The present copy breaks off in the accountof Kavah's rising against Zahhak (Macan'sedition, p. 30).

Add. 24,095.Poll. 16; 16 in. by 11$ J 29 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in four gold-ruled columns, apparently in the 17th cen¬tury.

&<b J^yAFragments of the Shahriyar-Nfimah.Author: Mukhtari, t^bltfThis is one of several poems written in

imitation of Firdusi, and engrafted as episodeson the Shahnamah. Its hero is Shahriyar,son of Barzu, the son of Suhrab, and con¬sequently great-grandson of Rustam. Thescene of his adventures is laid in India.

The title and the author's name are foundin the concluding lines, which are as follows ;

jb^jl* ^jSjf j~*>

j^jjj-> yly-J J-fr-tj-*.?W*" \r M IMptr* L v-"*Ijb ^b^ j £+jg jb^G

<-0-^ ÛL-ilj fliyj

i^LifcjJ JUjIj ^.kSL}

^l£t\& j-> £j y-ijs'A Jb> *--»

j.-lL^ljJo s->»b«* JbJSb^

J_kj JjL-ij.^ ^.Z,

tib, j_jS> ^y>- C*»-b s£=>

^ j>> £ uV^sbA ^b—J j fcbj

—i> >^x—^0 tSx2j£, b^.-=>-

ÛL-.b J} \-> w\ ^bLi?^

^\JZ-uAj &-m CL+b£ y

»K> ^.1 ^ «-?.*-» ?JsL=- j_s> b

*.> &b- i^J - '^ J tib*> ^}-***

..'i J^j^-J j.-^£=a

j^jj^jii \.>\ ^fc^

jKîjlî- (.j,-^-* j*-^

iiU sbi}.^ j\ jjjVjj

ii'_J 5b£» &^Lx^6

_jb jb w ^ yjj^l ^jî j

jbjXbfl.**»\ *jj j-u> jJ> tXut 6^

It will be seen from the above that Mukh¬tari wrote the Shahriyar Namah, in thespace of three years, by order of Mas'udShfih, not from his own invention, but froma narrative which he had to put into verse.The poet concludes by claiming the reward towhich he was entitled, but adds, in evidentallusion to Firdusi's diatribe against Mah-mud, that, even should none be vouchsafed,he will never think of resorting to satire.The last couplet is a transition which leadsback to a passage of the Shahnamah, in whichIsfandiyar is described as going forth tobattle.

The king, who is called in the above verses" the rose of the garden of Mahmud,'' is


apparently Mas'ud, the son and successor ofthe great Mahmud Ghaznavi. Mas Qd wrestedthe throne from his brother Muhammad inA. II. 422, and was himself expelled from hisrealm by the Saljuks, A.H. 432.

There is, however, no record of a poetcalled Mukhtari at that period. The earliestpoet known by that surname is Siraj ud-Din'Ugman B. Muhammad, of Ghaznin, who firstused 'Usman as his Takhallus, and adoptedtowards the end of his life that of Mukhtari.He was in great favour with Sultan IbrahimB. Mas'ud, who reigned from A.H. 451 to481 (sec the Kamil, vol. x. pp. 3, 110), livedafterwards in Kirman, at the court of ArslanShah B. Kirman Shah (A.H. 491—536; Ja-haniira, fol. 97), and died in Ghaznin, accord¬ing to Taki, Oude Catalogue, p. 16, A.H. 554,or, as stated in the Atashkadah, Add. 7671'fol. 59, A.H. 544. Mukhtari is said to haveexcelled in every kind of poetry. He is men¬tioned with high praise by Sana'i, who callshim his master. Notices of Mukhtari will befound in Daulatshah's Tazkirah, fol. 48, andHammer's Redekiinste, p. 104, Haft Iklim,fol. 137, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 405.

If the Shahriyar-Namah is to be ascribedto this poet, the Mas'ud Shah for whom itwas written can be no other than Mas'ud B.Ibrahim, who was, not the son, but the great-grandson, of Mahmud, and reigned from A.H.481 to 508 (see the Kamil, vol. x. pp. Ill,353).

It must be remarked, however, that nomention of a similar poem is to be found inthe notices on Mukhtari above quoted.

The first and longest of the three frag¬ments included in this volume, foil. 1 a —11 «, begins with the single combats inwhich Paramurz (Rustam's son) engages,first with Raihan, a black giant, and thenwith the chief of the Indian army, who turnsout to be his grand-nephew Shahriyar. Aftermutual recognition they part, Paramurzreturning to Iran, and Shahriyar proceeding

to the palace of Paranak, Queen of Sarandib,whom he enjoins to release her captive Ar-zang. She feigns submission, but treache->rously causes Shahriyar to fall into a well,in which she keeps him in durance.

In the meanwhile Arjasp, the king of Tu-ran, who was besieging Luhrasp in the cityof Balkh, dispatches the Div Arhang, son ofPuladvand, with an army to Sistan. Zal, inthe absence of Rustam, then far away in Kha-var land, sends his second son Zaviirah tooppose the Div, and, after a first encounterin which the latter is worsted, marches forthhimself, and puts him to flight.

The next fragment, foil. 12, 13, which pro¬bably belongs to an earlier part of the poem,relates the arrival of Zal at the court of KingSalomon. The latter tests the wit of Zal bymeans of a riddle relating to the twelve sonsof Jacob, and his strength by a fight with aDemon called Ahriman.

Pol. 14 contains the end of the poem, andconcludes with the lines quoted above.

The last two leaves of the volume, foil. 15and 16, contain two detached fragments ofthe Shalmamah, both relating to Isfandiyar.In the first he enters the brazen fortress, andslays Arjasp (see Macan's edition, pp. 150—1);in the second he claims the crown from hisfather Gushtasp (ib, pp. 1163—5).

Twelve out of the above sixteen folioshave on one side whole-page miniatures, ina good Indian style of the 17th century.

Add. 6941.Poll. 197 ; 9 in. by 7£ ; 22 lines, about

3 in. long; written by the Rev. J. HaddonIlindley on paper water-marked 1811.

&*)IS

A poem written in imitation of the Shah-namah, and treating of the exploits of Sam,

son of Narimfm, and his love adventureswith the Chinese princess Paridukht.

Author: Khwajii,

Reg. ^IJjb, (_>-La_->ijIxj Jl/ ij uy j <_itf jl ^

The author gives his name towards theend, in the following distich, fol. 197 a :

^.ji- a>eU (_£.W> yj>\j>- jM*

^9- S.-c\Jx.^Zl (jtju^jlifi

and describes his poem, in the next-follow¬ing lines, as a rivulet from the sea of Firdusi,to whom he is like an atom to the sun, anda drop to the ocean.

The poem begins with a short doxologyand an extensive passage of the Shalrniimah,relating to the court held by Minuchihr afterhis accession, and his allocution to Sam, thePahlavan (Macan's edition, pp. 95,96). Theoriginal composition begins, fol. 6 a, withSam's setting out on a hunting expedition.The concluding sections relate how Sam,afterslaying the emperor of China, and seating theVazir's son, Kamartash, on his throne, pro¬ceeds with Paridukht to the land of Khavar,and returns from thence to the court of Mi¬nuchihr. The narrative is not drawn fromnational tradition, but from individual fancy,and has all the features of a Persian fairytale of the modern type.

Professor Spiegel has given in the Zeit-schrift der Morgenliindischen Gesellschaft,vol. hi. pp. 245—261, an analysis of the SamNiimah, from a MS. belonging to the EastIndia Library, in the subscription of whichthe author is called Khwaju Kirmani. Thisis the name of a well-known poet, who diedabout A.II. 745, and whose works will bementioned further on. This identification isconfirmed by the substance of the SamNamah, which, as remarked by Spiegel,agrees to some extent with that of the Hu-mai Humayun, a poem undoubtedly due toKhwaju Kirmani. It must be observed,

however, that the biographical notices of thelatter poet make no mention of the SamNamah.

Jules Mohl gives a short account of theSam Namah, without naming the author,from a complete copy in his possession, whichcontained 11,000 distichs. See the prefaceto the Shalmamah, p. 59. Another copy,containing 30,000 distichs, is mentioned bySprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 594. See alsoAurner, Munich Catalogue, p. 7.

The present copy contains no more than4200 distichs. It has been transcribed froma MS. dated the tenth of Rajab, A.II. 1084.

In an English notice, prefixed to thevolume by J. II. Hindley, the work is de¬scribed as " the first historical poem of theShah Namu by the celebrated Abool Kau-sim Pirdoosee of Toos."

Or. 346.Poll. 275; 8 in. by 5; about 15 lines,

3£ in. long; written in a cursive Indian cha¬racter, probably in the 18th century.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]Another copy of the same poem, wanting

both beginning and end.It begins in the midst of the account of

the first meeting of Sam with the princessParidukht (Add. 6941, fol. 8 b.)

The text differs considerably from that of thepreceding copy. It is more copious, and con¬tains much additional matter. The latter partdeals with Sam's warlike deeds in the Magh¬rib, and comes abruptly to an end after hisvictory over Auj the 'Adite, king of Tanjah,when the latter sends a message to hismother Khaturah, imploring the aid of herwitchcraft against his foe.

The poet's name occurs in the followingverse, fol. 85 a : —

tti\y> tiiya tiX>.>}jui

zXljr+x-i sL* j\ d/ yjua-

The corresponding verse in the precedingcopy, fol. 99 6, is,

^/

The present MS., in its imperfect state,contains upwards of 8000 distichs.

It bears the stamps of the kings of Oude.

Add. 24,093.Poll. 222 ; 104 in. by G ; 15 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in neat Nestalik, in two gold-ruled columns, with 'Unvan ; dated Muhar-ram, A.H. 1055 (A.D. 1645) ; bound inneatly painted covers. [Wm. II. Mokley.]

j

Yusuf and Zulaikha, a poem.

Author: Firdusi, ^j&J

Beg. ^ j> dijbi. j»Liojx> &Z>\> AijV ^

It is stated in Baisunghar's preface to theShahnamah (Macan's Persian preface, p. 55,and Add. 7724, fol. 10), that Firdusi com¬posed this poem in Baghdad in order to in¬gratiate himself with the Khalif, who sawwith displeasure the praises bestowed in theShahnamah upon heathenish kings. Macanasserts, however, in the English preface,p. 52, and on the authority of a copy of theYusuf u Zulaikha in his possession, thatFirdusi " wrote it at the instigation of thegovernor of Irak."

The prologue of the present copy makesno mention of the latter personage; but itcontains a short panegyric on a prince, de¬signated in the heading as " Sovereign ofIslamism," i\J^L>, by which is meant,no doubt, the reigning Khalif, al-Kadir Bil-lah (A.H. 381—442). In the next-followingsection Firdusi says, in evident allusion tothe Shahnamah, that he had hitherto sungthe fabulous deeds of ancient kings, but that

VOL. II.

now, that old age held him tight in its claw,til*?* <Jj*\ «^^** V*' ne turned to atruer and more holy theme.

The Yusuf u Zulaikha is mentioned by'All Kuli Khan in the Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 332, and by Lutf 'AH Khan in the Atash-kadah, p. 82. Both allow that it is worthyby its style of the great master; but theformer takes objection to its metre, as oneunsuited to any but heroic subjects, whilethe latter remarks that it shows a geniusenfeebled by ago and grief. See also Mohl,preface to the Shahnamah, pp. 42, 46, Ouse-ley's Biographical Notices, p. 91, Stewart'sCatalogue, p. 55, Haj. Khal., vol. vi. p. 519,and Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 407. Twolithographed editions of the poem are men¬tioned in the Fihrist i Kutub, or list of booksissued from the press of Naval Kishor, p. 61.

Copyist: ^jj^m yj'j^j* ^ »—^<jf> J>^>

Further down, and in the same hand¬writing, is a note dated the ninth of Rabi* I.,A.IL 1055, stating that the MS. had beencollated and corrected in the town of Patnahby Mulla Kasim and Kazi 'Abd ul-MajidSivistani.

The number of Baits in the present copyscarcely exceeds 6500, while the MSS. ofT. Macan and Sir Gore Ouseley are said tocontain 9000. Pencilled notes in the marginsshow that the late owner, W. H. Morley, hadcompared it with the former of those MSS.,and had found important differences.

The following notice on the fly-leaf issigned by the last-named scholar, and dated1840: " This poem was for a long time sup¬posed to be lost. There are but four MSS.of it now known to exist—one in the libraryof the College of Fort William in Bengal; asecond in the collection of N. Bland, Esq.,which is probably copied from the last, andwas purchased at Major Macan's sale; athird in the library of the Royal Asiatic

Q

546 POETRY.—A.II. 400—500.

Society, which is correct, hut imperfect atthe beginning and the end; and the presentMS., which is more correct than Mr. Bland'sMS., and more copious than either that orthe MS. of the Eoyal Asiatic Society."

Prefixed to the volume is a short notesigned Kazimirski, from which it appearsthat the MS. owes its elegant binding toHasan 'All Khan, the Persian ambassador atthe French court, to whom it had been lent.

Or. 330.Poll. 109; 6| in. by 4£j 8 lines, 2\ in.

long, in a page; written in large Nestalik,with gold-ruled margins, apparently in the18th century. [Geo. Wh. Hamilton.]

^j-** ^^VjQuatrains of 'Umar Khayyam, arranged in

alphabetical order.

Beg. U *aoU*y° jla *to\j>& {J\>\f>-

The author, who calls himself in hisArabic works Abul-Path 'Umar Ibn Ibrahimal-Khayyami, is no less celebrated as mathe¬matician and astronomer, than as the writerof the witty, often cynical, epigrams calledRuba'iyat.

Nizam ul-Mulk, who was born A.II. 408,states in a passage of his Vasaya (see p.446 a), which has been quoted at length inthe Rauzat us-Safa, vol. iv. p. 61, abridgedin Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 2, p. 69, andtranslated by S. de Sacy, Notices et Extraits,vol. ix. p. 143, that Hakim "Umar Khayyamof Nishapur, was of the same age as himself,and had attended with him the lessons of theImam Muwaffak in that city. When Nizamul-Mulk was raised by Alp Arslan to theoffice of Vazir, he bestowed upon his formerschoolmate a pension of 1200 tumans. Inthe reign of Malak, Shah 'Umar Khayyam

came to Marv, and soon reached the higheststation to which a man of science can attain.

'Umar Ibn Ibrahim al-Khayyami is men¬tioned in the Kamil, vol. x. p. 67, as thefirst of the astronomers who were summonedby Malak Shah in A.H. 467 to instituteastronomical observations, and he was theeditor of the Zij in which they were re¬corded; see Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 570. Ac¬cording to Daulat Shah he also enjoyed thefavour of Sultan Sanjar, who used to givehim a seat by his side on the throne. 'UmarKhayyam is stated to have died in Nishapur,A.H. 517. Sec Hyde, Dc Religione VeterumPcrsarum, Oxon., 1700, p. 498, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 464, and Vienna Catalogue, vol. i.p. 496.

His treatise on algebra has been published,with a Prench translation, by F. Wocpckc,Paris, 1851. The quatrains have been editedin Teheran by Sanjar Mirza, A.H. 1278. Thesame text has been reproduced with a fewadditions, and accompanied with a Prenchversion, by J. B, Nicolas, Paris, 1867. Someselect Ruba'is, 101 in number, have been ren¬dered in English verse by Edward Pitzgerald,London, 1859, 1872 and 1879, others in Ger¬man, by A. P. von Schack, Stuttgart, 1878.

Notices on 'Umar Khayyam are to befound in Daulatshah, Or. 469, fol. 110, HaftIklim, fol. 312, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 155,and Atashkadah, p. 124. See also the Cal¬cutta Review, No. 59, Reinaud, Geographied'Aboulfcda, preface, p. 101, Hammer, Re-dekiinste, p. 80, and Jahrbiicher, vol. 66,Anzeigeblatt, p. 29, Gai-cin de Tassy, JournalAsiatique, 5° Serie, vol. ix. p. 548, and S*5dil-lot, ib., vol. ii. p. 323.

The present copy contains 423 qua¬trains, and ends with No. 400 of M. Nicolas'edition.

The last three pages contain some versescomposed by Shah 'Alam Padishah duringhis captivity. On the fly-leaf is a seal bear¬ing the name of 'Abd ul-Majid Khan, with

POETRY.—A.

the date 1143; also a note stating that theMS. is in the handwriting of Mir Abul-Hasan.

Or. 331.Foil. 92; 4| in. by 2±; 12 lines, If in.

long; written in small Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins, dated Kul Ramazan,A.H. 1033 (A.D. 1624).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]Another copy of the Ruba'iyiit, slightly

imperfect in the beginning, and containing540 quatrains. The first is No. 11 of M.Nicolas' edition, the last, No. 426.

A modern title on the fly-leaf, oUcbjt—.>j^°,wrongly ascribes the work to

Sarmad, a later poet, also renowned for hisRubais. This Sarmad was a Jew, born atKashan, and whose original name was Sa'Id.He embraced Islamism and went to India,where he led the life of a Fakir. He incurredthe displeasure of Aurangzib, who put himto death shortly after his accession (A.H.1068), on the charge of infidelity. See lliyazush-Shu'ara, fob 220 b., Mirat ul-'Alam,fol. 483 b, Atashkadah, p. 204, and the OudeCatalogue, pp. 96, 112.


long; written in small Nestalik, in twogold-ruled columns, with 'Unvan, apparentlyin the 16th century. [Duncan Forbes.]

Jjj J$ ^The Divan of Abu'l-Faraj Runi.

Beg. cJtSi l-jI^T d*5jiJ ^*-»

^*—b\j>\ jflVlJ\Abul-Faraj B. Mas'ud Run! was, according,

to 'Aufi (Oude Catalogue, pp. 5 and 308),born and educated in Lahore. He is alsonaentioned among the natives of that city inthe Haft Iklim, fol. 14, and his Nisbah is

H. 400—500. 547

derived, according to Badaoni, Muntakhabut-Tavarikh, vol. i. p. 37, from Run, anancient village, now ruined, of the districtof Lahore, a statement confirmed by the Far-hang i Jahangiri and the Burhan i Kati\which call Run a town of Hindustan. TheAtashkadah, however, p. 122, derives it fromRunah, in Dasht i Khavaran, while theRiyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 5, and the Khulasatul-Afkar, fol. 5, place the poet's native townRun in Sistan, owing apparently to a confu¬sion with an earlier poet of the same name,Abul-Faraj Sijzi, or Sijistani, who lived underthe Amir Abu All Simjur in the fourth cen¬tury of the Hijrah; see Daulatshah, Or. 469,fol. 28, and Hammer, Redekiinste, p. 45.

Abul-Faraj Runi lived in the latter part ofthe fifth century, under Sultan IbrahimGhaznavi, and his son and successor Mas'udB. Ibrfthim, to both of whom several piecesof his Divan are addressed. Sultan Ibrahimsucceeded to his brother Farrukhzad A.H.450 or 451, and died, according to the Kamil,vol. x. p. 110, and the Rauzat us-Safa,vol. iv. p. 43, A.H. 481, or, as stated in theTabakat i Nasiri, Nizam ut-Tavarikh, andGuzidah, A.H. 492. MasTid, who succeededimmediately to his father, reigned till A.H.508.

If the latter, and more probable, date forthe accession of Mas'iid be adopted, the state¬ment of the Mir'at ul-'Alam that Abul-FarajRuni died A.H. 482 is necessarily incorrect,for he addresses Mas'ud B. Ibrahim in severalpoems as the reigning sovereign.

Abul-Faraj has been highly praised andimitated by Anvarl, and other poets of asubsequent period. A contemporary poet,Mas'ud i Sa'd i Salman, prides himself, in averse quoted in the Halt Iklim, on being hispupil.

The Divan is not alphabetically arranged.It consists almost entirely of Kasidahs,which are in praise of the two sovereignsabove-mentioned, of the Vazir 'Abd ul-Hamid

548 POETRY.—A.n. 400-500.

(who held that office, as stated in Habibus-Siyar, vol. ii. Juz 4, p. 32, during thelatter part of Ibrahim's reign), of the Sadrul-Islam, Mansiir B. Sa'id, and other digni¬taries of the court of Ghaznin. At the end,foil. 51—57, are found some Kit'ahs andBubals; among the former, a piece on apalacejxai' belonging to the above-named poet,Mas'ud i Sa'd, and the latter's answer inpraise of Abul-Paraj.

Egerton 701.Poll. 201; 81 in. by 4|; 16 lines, 2£ long;

written in a small and neat Nestalik, in twogold-ruled columns, with two 'Unvans; datedRamazan, A.H. 1008 (A.D. 1600).

[Adam Clarke.]

^l^Lrf l^JU*J 5j3L~«0

The Divan of Mas'ud B. Sa'd B. Salman.

aij ff ijiteS ^ jbwiT ^a-» ^\ jtb JU>'Aufi says that Mas'ud was born in llama-

dan, while in the Tazkirah of Daulatshah andthe Atashkadah ho is called a native of Jur-jan. Both statements are contradicted bythe poet himself, who says in the followinglines, fol. 162, that the envious can onlyreproach him with being a youth and anative of "this city":

Jl-j-^J j-t* j—

C^u-liio j Jy« ^)

^jhj-i j-> j*=> ]

O-Aiy j f^ji* » j»-T ^.^j ia^yr

The poem contains a eulogy on MahmudSaif ud-Diu, the son of Sultan Ibrahim, andwas apparently composed in the royal resi¬dence, Ghaznin. After rising to a positionof high rank at the Ghaznavi court, Mas'udincurred the displeasure of Ibrahim, whosuspected him of plotting with his son,prince Saif ud-Dln Mahmud, and sent him a

prisoner, A.H. 472, to the hill-fort of Nai.There Mas'ud underwent a long period ofcaptivity in the life-time of Ibrahim, andagain during the reign of his successor,Mas'ud B. Ibrahim. After his final releasehe adopted a religious life, and died, accord¬ing to Nizami 'AriizT, quoted in Eiyaz ush-Shu'ara, A.H. 515, or, as stated by Taki Kashi,A. H. 525.

Daulatshah gives under the name of Mas'udB. Sa'd B. Salman (Or. 469, fol. 39, andRedekiinste, p. 42) the life of a poet wholived at the court of Minuchihr B. Kabus(A.II. 409—424). He has evidently con¬founded, with his usual inaccuracy, Mas'udwith his father, Sa'd B. Salman. The twolives are curiously blended into one in anotice prefixed to the present copy of theDivan, foil. 1—6.

Notices on Mas'ud i Sa'd will be found inthe Haft Iklltn, fol. 416, Riyiiz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 407, Badaoni's Muntakhab, vol. i. p. 36,Atashkadah, p. 147, Subhat ul-Murjan, Or.1761, fol. 98, Haft Asmiin, p. 19, and Khu-lasat ul-Afkar, fol. 282. The story of hischequered life has been told at some lengthby Dr. Sprengcr, Journal of the AsiaticSociety of Bengal, vol. xxii. pp. 442—4,and by N. Bland, Journal Asiatique, 5°Serie, vol. ii. pp. 356—369.

'Aufi's statement regarding three Divansleft by Mas'ud, namely in Arabic, Persian,and Hindi, is confirmed by Amir Khusrauin his preface to the Ghurrat ul-Kamfil, Add.21,104, fol. 175 a.

The present Divan, which is not alpha¬betically arranged, consists chiefly of Kasi-dahs in praise of three sovereigns of theGhaznavi dynasty, viz. Ibrahim, Mas'ud B.Ibrahim, and Bahram Shah, who reigned,according to the Kamil, vol. x. p. 356, vol.xi. p. 124, from A.H. 512 to 548. Othersare addressed to prince Mahmud, son ofIbrahim, to the poet's master Abul-ParajRum, and to some dignitaries of the court

POETRY.—A.H. 500—GOO.

of Ghaznin. Several pieces contain theauthor's laments on his protracted captivity.

The latter part of the volume contains aMagnavi, fol. 149 b, some Marsjyahs, fol.174 a, Mukatta'at, fol. 182 b, and Ruba'iyat,fol. 193 a.

An extract from this Divan is mentionedin the Munich Catalogue, p. 8.

Add. 7793.Toll. 214; 7f in. by 4|. [01. J. Rich.]

I. Foil. 1—164; 14 lines, 2| in. long;written in Nestalik; dated Ramazan, A.H.1005 (A.D. 1597).

Another copy of the preceding Divan,containing about two thirds of the poemsfound in the last, but in a different order.

The first Kasidah, which begins thus:

Ljjii-\ jtj i^\&>-

is found at fol. 67 of the preceding MS.

II. Poll. 165—244; 12 lines, 2f in. long;written in Nestalik; dated Haidarabad, Rama¬zan, A.H. 1021 (A.D. 1612).

Another copy of the Divan of Abu '1-ParajRum (see p. 547 a).

The contents are nearly the same as in thefirst copy, but the arrangement is somewhatdifferent.

Copyist: ^\i\JL^^\ ^

Add. 16,777.Poll. 386; in. by 6|; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins; dated A.H. 1076 (A.D. 1665).

[Wm. Ttjle.]J V ***i >&p va.<' iYju Jo-*»

The " Garden of Truth," a poem on ethicsand religious life.

Author: Sana'!,

Reg. J^j\ <Jj}jl ^

djfit ±J- OTjAbul-Majd Majdud B. Adam Sana'i was, as

he states in the present poem, fol. 372, J}&t>jzj )/> dy», a native of Ghaznin, and

lived in the reign of Bahrain Shah (A.H.512—548). A great part of the fourth bookis devoted to a panegyric on that prince anda description of his court. The Hadikahwas completed; as stated in the concludinglines, A.H. 525:

^ a* j 3 L-Jbi" A«3 j-i>

^-y jiT ji>

i»'*J *H> /V j j <^^>,j,U3 elL^ j .0_j d-oib

Some copies however have A.H. 535. Theformer date is adopted by Jami, Nafalnit,p. 693, who adds that Sanai died in the sameyear. See also Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4,p. 33, Haft Iklim, fol. 132, Majalis ul-'Ushshak, fol. 53, Majalis ul-Muminin, fol.300, Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 40, Haft Asman,p. 20, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 201. Jami'sstatement is fully confirmed by a preface pre¬served in Or. 358, and noticed further on. TakiKashi, in spite of his usual accuracy, placesSana'i's death in A.H. 545 (see the OudeCata-logue, p. 558), and Daulatshali, a very unsafeguide, in A.H. 576. The former is followedby the Atashkadah, fol. 53, and the latter byHammer, Redekiinste, p. 102, and by Ouseley,Biographical Notices, p. 184.

Khwand Amir points out, I.e., the glaringanachronism committed by Jami, who repre¬sents Sana'i as composing in his youth poemsin praise of Sultan Mahmud, who died A.H.421. The author of the K hula sat ul-Afkarstates, fol. 105, without quoting his authority,that Sana'i was born A.H. 437.

Hakim Sana'i, as the author is generallycalled, is the earliest of the great Sufi poets.The greatest of all, Jalal ud-Din Rumi,refers to him as his master in spiritual

550 POETRY.—A.H. 500—600.

knowledge, and his Hadikah is one of thefavourite text hooks of the sect. It is dividedinto ten hooks (Bah), the contents of whicharc stated in the Jahrbiicher, vol. 65, Anzei-geblatt, pp. 1—5. See also Stewart's Cata¬logue, p. 57, the Oude Catalogue, p. 557, theSt. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 326, the MunichCatalogue, p. 7, and the Vienna Catalogue,vol. i. p. 498.

At the end of the poem, fol. 384 b, is foundan epilogue written in the same metre. Itis addressed to the Imam Burhan ud-DlnAbul-Hasan 'All B. Nasir, surnamed Bir-yangar,^^,^*-; a doctor of GhaznTn,who was then staying in Baghdad. Theauthor beseeches him, for old friendship'ssake, to state fairly his opinion on the pre¬ceding poem, and to shield him from themalignant aspersions of some ignorant pre¬tenders in Ghaznin.

On the first page of the present copy isfound the seal of Sultan-Muhammad, a ser¬vant of Padishah 'Alamgir, with the date 1080.

Add. 25,329.Foil. 298; 7f in. by 4|; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, with goldheadings; dated Safar, A.H. 890 (A.D.1485). [Adam Clarke.J

The same work, wanting the latter partof the epilogue.

On the first page is the Porsian seal ofArchibald Swinton, dated A.H. 1174.

Or. 358.Poll. 317; 6| in. by 3|; 17 lines, 2 in. long;

written in small Nestalik, in two gold-ruledcolumns, with two 'Unvans, apparently inthe 16th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The same poem,This copy contains two prefaces in prose.

The first, foil, 2 b —12 a, which begins thus:j>}jJ>\ Cuboid jX^^t\ J\^>) uljiitf j*r**^ ^ <^*^

is due to Muhammad B. 'Ali Rakkam, whocalls himself the humblest of Sana'i's disci¬ples. He states that the present sovereign,Yamin ud-Daulah Bahramshah B. Mas'ud,informed of the holy life of Sana'!, hadoffered him a post at his court, but that thelatter, who had led for forty years a life ofretirement and poverty, had begged leave toretain his independence. As a token of hisgratitude for the Sultan's acquiescence, Sana'ibegan to write for him the present work, towhich he gave the title of S»^£Mj «uHs^shjei\j. While he was yet engaged upon itscomposition, some portions were abstractedand divulged by certain ill-disposed persons,and the author determined to complete itwithout further delay. The writer of thepreface had made, by order of Bahramshah,a fair transcript of the few thousand lines ofwhich it consisted, when the poet's soul tookits flight to a better world. The prefaceconcludes with a rhymed table of the tenbooks of the Hadikah,

This preface is mentionod by Ilaj. Khal.,vol, iii. p. 40, who calls the writer Muham¬mad B. 'All ur-Raffa. See also the ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 498.

The second preface, foil. 12 b —15 a, whichis by Sana'i himself, and begins: (_>-L«>j w ta u-sf h^JL^ t^*^ ci*— ac^a* (J&jJsmi

ij^"' *s imperfect in the end.Sana'i says that, while he was immersed

in sadness at the thought that he shoulddepart from this world without leaving anygood work behind, he had been accosted bya loving friend, Ahmad B. Mas'ud Mustaufi,who endeavoured to comfort him, and, pro¬bably, suggested to him the composition ofthe Hadikah. But here the preface breaksoff after the sixth page.

The last four leaves of the MS. have beensupplied by a later hand.

The first page bears the seal of Shah 'InayatUllah, with the date A.H. 1178.

POETRY.—A.IL 500—600. 551

Add. 16,778.Foil. 301; 10 in. by 5Jj 17 lines, 2± in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated A.H. 1040(A.D. 1631). [Wm. Yule.]

The same work, with marginal notes andadditions. The date of composition in thiscopy is A.H. 535, which has been correctedin the margin to 525. [WM. Yule.]

Add. 26,150.

Poll. 246; 10 in. by 5£; 19 lines, 2| in.long; written in Nestalik, with ruled mar¬gins and a 'Unvan, apparently in the 17thcentury. [Wm. Erskine.]

The same poem, with a few marginal notesand additions in the first pages. The dateof composition at the end is A.H. 535.

Add, 27,311.Poll. 302; Sf in. by 4|; 20 lines, 2f in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16th cen¬tury. [Duncan Porbes.]

^ylx-jThe Divan of Sana'!.

-Beg. Oia (JTljJuSi t£ ^

5 ~? j Jxs~

It contains Kasidahs, Ghazals, and Ruba'is,without alphabetical arrangement, or anyapparent system, except that the Ruba'is areplaced at the end, foil. 277—302. It includessome pieces in praise of Bahramshah.

The Divan of Sana'i comprises, accordingto Daulatshah, thirty thousand couplets.The present copy does not exceed eleventhousand.

Or. 269.

Poll. 75 ; 9£ in. by 5|; 15 lines, 3§ in. long;written in Nestalik, apparently in India, inthe 18th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

j»V &+s*\ Uj^iThe Divan of Ahmad of Jam.

Beg. VIjj^ rA> ?r »*>^ V^J J y ^ ^

Abu Nasr Ahmad B. Abul-Hasan, sur-named ZhandahpTl J-$»<v?jwas called Na-maki from his birth-place, Namak, a villageof the district of Jam, but his usual desig¬nation is Shaikh ul-Islam Ahmad i Jam.His countryman Jami devotes to him a longnotice in the Nafahat ul-Uns, pp. 405—417,an abstract of which has been given bySprenger in the Oudc Catalogue, p. 323.He was born A.H. 441, adopted a religiouslife in his twenty-second year, broughtthousands to repentance, and died in greatrenown of sanctity A.H. 536, a date fixed,as stated in the Javahir ul-Asrar, fol. 148,by the chronogram ij» t^Si ^U- Al¬though illiterate, be composed several Sufitracts, the best known of which is entitled^jjLJl _^». Other notices will be foundin the Majalis ul-TJshshak, fol. 57, HaftIklim, fol. 282, Habib us-Siyar, II., Juz 3,p. 71, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 9, Khulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 4, and Atashkadah, p. 73.

The Divan comprises Ghazals alphabeti¬cally arranged, a few Ma.snavis, fol. 43 a,and some Ruba'is, foil. 54 a—60 a. Thepoet calls himself mostly Jami, and, in aa few places, Ahmad i Jam.

The latter part of the volume contains—1. A letter written by Jahangir to his sonSultan Khuram (Shahjahan), when he sus¬pected him of treasonable plots, and Khuram'sanswer, the latter in Masnavi rhyme, fol.60 b. 2. A love-poem, entitled c^sC

Beg. a A ^ \ £ ^

The poem appears to have been writtenin the reign of Akbar, at the request ofPrince Daniyal. The author designates

552 POETRY.—A.II. 500—GOO.

himself by the name of (^>j> ; seefol. 71 a. On the first page of the volumeare the stamps of the kings of Oude.

Or. 327.Toll. 70; 7i in. by 4; 17 lines, 2f in.

long ; written in small Ncstalik, apparentlyin the 16th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

j>\jo l-O^ ujj^P

The Divan of Adib Sabir.

Beg- j J w U-»! w ^9- c^^j j<s \j J\Adib Sabir, a native of Tirmiz, was one of

the favourite poets of Sanjar, and his greatcontemporary, Anvari, ranked him, in a versequoted in Jami's Bah&ristan, above himself.Historians state that Adib Sabir was sent bySanjar with a friendly message to Atsiz, andretained by the latter in Khwarazm. Havingfrustrated by a timely warning an attempt ofthat crafty vassal on the life of his sovereign,he thus incurred Lis anger, and was drownedby his order in the waters of the Jihun.This event is placed in the Guzldah, fol. 137,and the Rauzat us-Safa, vol. iv. p. 107,before A.H. 512, and by Taki Kashi, OudeCatalogue, p. 16, in A.H. 510. Later datesare given in some Tazkirahs, viz. A.H. 516,in Daulatshah, fol. 47, and the Atashkadah,fol. 152, and A.H. 517 in the Haft Iklim,fol. 218. See also Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii.,Juz 4, p. 101, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 10,Khuhlsat ul-Afkar, fol. 6, Hammer, Eede-kiinste, p. 121, and Sprenger, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 313.

The Divan consists chiefly of Kasidahs;it includes also a Tarji'-band, fol. 55 a,Mukattaat, fol. 59 0, and Ruba'iyat, fol. 68 b.

Some of the laudatory poems are addressedto the Sultans Sanjar and Atsiz (see foil. 23 a,34 a, 15 a); but most of them are devotedto the praises of the poet's earliest patron,

Sayyid Majd ud-Din Abu T-Kasim 'All B.Ja'far, Ea'is of Khoriisan, whom, as is stated,fol. 55 a, Sultan Sanjar used to call hisbrother. The same personage is called insome of the above notices Abu Ja'far 'All B.ul-Husain ul-Miisavi, Ra'is i Khorasan.

This copy bears the stamps of the kings ofOude.

Add. 10,588.Poll. 227; 8± in. by 5£; 19 lines, 3 in.

long ; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century.

(jyu U>5^3The Divan of Mu'izzi.

Beg. wto yitf" dj* ^ J jW

^LJu-* iiye li^ii &-£>-}jj

Amir Mu'izzi's original name was Muham¬mad B. 'Abd ul-Malik. His birth-place is notascertained. Daulatshah names Nasa, theHaft Iklim, fol. 309, Nishapur, Taki Kashi(Oude Catalogue, p. 16), and the Atashkadah,fob 157, Samarkand. Nizami 'Aruzi, whoknew him personally, relates, as quoted in theHaft Iklim, and the Itiyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol.109, the following particulars of his life:—After the death of his father, Burhani Sa-markandi, a poet of the court of Alp Arslan,he lived some time in obscurity, until he wasintroduced to the notice of Malak Shah bythe Amir 'Ali B. Paramurz (a vassal of theSaljukis, who ruled Yazd from A.H. 443 to488, and to whom Alp Arslan had given hissister in marriage; see Jahanara, fol. 66).The king, charmed with some impromptuverses of the poet, bestowed upon him aprincely reward and the surname of Mu'izzi,derived from his own title, Mu'izz ud-Din.Mu'izzi rose still higher under Sanjar, whoconferred upon him the title and office ofMalik ush-Shu'ara. He was accidentally

POETRY.—A.II. 500—GOO. 553

killed by a stray arrow from the bow of San-jar, A H. 542. See also Guzidah, fol. 242, Ha-bib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 103, Khulasatul-Afkfir, fol. 260, Hammer, Redekiinste,p. 77, and Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 501.

The Divan of Mu'izzi contains, accordingto the Haft Iklim, 15,000 couplets. The pre¬sent copy does not exceed 8000. It consistschiefly of Kasidahs, not alphabetically ar¬ranged, a few Ghazals and Kitahs, fol. 216 a,and Rubii'is, fol. 224 a.

The first and last pages have been suppliedby a later hand.

Add. 16,791.Foil. 176; 9| in. by 4$; 19 lines, 2j in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold ruledmargins and a 'Unvan; dated Ramazan,A.II. 1063 (A.D. 1653). [Wm. Yule.]

WjLj o>xk) <j^iThe Divan of Rashid Vatviit.

Beg. ^\ s^\ji y sU ^\b, j\ j jl> j\ y s\su£.\ O— asUj

Rashid ud-Din Muhammad B. 'Abd ul-Jalilul-'Umari (i.e. a descendant of the Khalif'Ulnar), a native of Balkh, surnamed Vatviitor "swallow," on account of his dwarfishsize, held the post of chief secretary <_*>-ltf>Aii! J\^>d under two sovereigns of theKhwiirazm Shah! dynasty, viz. Atsiz (A.H.535—551), and his son Il-Arslan (A.H.551—568). The author of the Guzidah, fol.137, quotes verses composed by him on theaccession of Atsiz, on his death, and on theaccession of Tukush, which took place inA.H. 568. He died in his 97th year, A.H.578, and left, besides the present Divan, atreatise on poetry jj!^, a work entitled^^LM AJy\ and a metrical translation of thesentences of 'Ali » ^ sv=.y. Notices onhis life will be found in the Guzidah, fol.

VOL. II.

243, Jami's Baharistfm, fol. 63, Daulatshah,fol. 45, Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, pp.169, 174, Haft Iklim, fol. 243, Riyaz ush-Shu'arii, fol. 178, Atashkadah, fol. 138, andKhulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 100. See also Ham¬mer, Redekiinste, p. 119, and Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 541.

This Divan consists of Kasidahs in alpha¬betical order. At the end are found someTarji- and Tarkib-bands, fol. 136 a, andfurther on, Mukatta at and Rubins, fol. 158 b.Most of the pieces are in praise of SultanAtsiz, here called Abu 1-Muzaffar 'Ala ud-Din Muhammad; a few are addressed to IIArslan, to the Vazir 'Ala ud-Din Muhammad,and some other personages of the court ofKhwarazm.

Or. 283.Poll. 130; 10 in. by 5£; 19 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The poems of Rashid Vatviit, not alpha¬betically arranged. The first Kasidah, whichis the second of the preceding copy, beginsthus:

[x>j j j-i. w l t >. &«) ^ijU

ljj,i> j o^r* f j £W

This volume bears the stamps of the kingsof Oude.

Add. 16,826.Foil. 29; 7| in. by 4f; 6 lines, 2| in. long;

written in fair Naskhi, with gold and withblue ink, and in neat Nestalik, with a richTJnviin and illuminated borders, probably inthe 16th century. [Wm. Yule.]

A hundred maxims of 'Ali B. Abu Talibio.y£>f> s^s* *>.l*, with a paraphrasein Persian quatrains by Rashid ud-Din Vat vat.See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 511.

This is the work above mentioned as «v?-yand edited by Plcisher in 1837. It

forms the fourth part of a collection includingB

554 POETHY.—A.II. 500—GOO.

the sayings of the first four Khalifs, whichwas dedicated A.H. 559 to Sultan Shah Abul-Kasim Mahmiid, son of II Arslan KhwiirazmShah. See Fliigel, Vienna Catalogue, vol. i.p. 125, and the Leyden Catalogue, vol. i.p. 192.

Four leaves are Avanting after fol. 12.

Copyist: (J*-* l-jV*^ ^ ^jilSJI sxc-

Add. 25,019.Poll. 360; 9 in. by 5; 17 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Ahmadabad,Gujrat, Shavval, A.H. 1083 (A.D. 1672).

Lfjy ] ^ AThe Divan of Anvari.

Beg. jl&z* OjMJ ! <o »S ^j&a*i>ii" gpj\*J ^

Auhad ud-DTn Anvari, the first of Kasldahwriters, was born in Mahanah (Yakut'sMaihanah), in the district called Dasht iKhavaran, near AbTvard, and took from hisnative province the poetical surname ofKhavari, which he afterwards exchanged forAnvari. In early life he applied himself tothe pursuit of science in the MadrasahMansiiriyyah of Tus, but subsequently em¬braced the more lucrative profession of court-poet, and became a great favourite of SultanSanjar, to whom most of his Kasidahs areaddressed.

An incident related in the Tarikh i Guzidah,and repeated in the Rauzat us-Safa and Hablbus-Siyar, shows that he lived on to the reignof Sultan Tughrul B. Arslan. A conjunctionof the seven planets in the third degree ofLibra was expected in the month of Rajab,A.H. 581, a and some astronomers, first andforemost of whom was Anvari, predicted a

a A conjunction of ^vc planets in Libra took place,according to the Kamil, vol. xi. p. 348, on the 29th oi'Jumada II., A.H. 582.

terrific convulsion of nature, so that peoplefled in alarm to moiintains and caves. Whenthe dreaded day came, there was not enoughwind to winnow corn or blow out a lamp.The historian remarks that the prophecy wasfulfilled in another sense, for in that yearChinglzkhan became the chief of his people,while the prop of the empire, Atabak Muham¬mad, was laid low. However, the discomfitedastronomer, finding himself the butt ofsatirists, retired to Nishfipur, and afterwardsto Balkh, where he spent the rest of his life.Various dates are assigned to Anvari's death.TakI Kashi, Oude Catalogue, p. 16, givesA.il. 587, Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 474, A.H.592, and Daulatshah, A.H. 547. This lastdate is refuted by the fact recorded in theGuzidah, and by the evidence afforded byseveral passages of the Divan, that the poethad survived Sanjar (see fol. 108 a).

Notices on Anvari will be found in Jami'sBaharistan, fol. 62, Guzidah, fol. 238, Hablbus-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 103, Halt Ikllm,fol. 228, Majalis ul-Muminin, fol. 536, Biyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 16, and Khulasat ul-Afkar,fol. 11. See also Hammer, Bedekiinste,p. 88, and Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 331.

The Divan is divided as follows: Kasidahs,without systematic arrangement, fol. 1 a.Shorter Kasidahs, fol. 202 b. Mukattaat,in alphabetical order, fol. 205 a. Mukatta at,without alphabetical arrangement, fol. 287 a.Ghazals, not in alphabetical order, fol. 295 a.Masnavis, fol. 333 a. Ruba'is, fol. 338 a.

The names which recur most frequentlym the laudatory poems are those of SultanSanjar, and the Vazlr of the latter part of hisreigu, Nasir ud-Dln Abul-Fath B. Fakhr ul-Mulk, who was a grandson of the great Nizamul-Mulk, and died A.H. 548 (see Kamil, vol.xi. p. 121, and Hablb us-Siyar, vol. ii. Juz 4,p. 103); of Tughrultigln and 'Imad ud-DinFiruz Shah, who both held sway in Balkh, ofthe Vazlr of Balkh, Ziya ud-Din Maudud B.Ahmad 'UsmI, the Khwajah i Jahan Majd ud-

POETRY.—A.II

Din Abul Hasan'Imrani, and Kiizi Hamid ud-Din Balkhi, the author of the Makamiit.

The same Divan, alphabetically arranged,has been lithographed in Tabriz, A.II. 12G0.Copies are mentioned in Stewart's Catalogue,p. 56, Mackenzie Collection, vol. ii. p. 139,tbe St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 319, theVienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 502, the MunichCatalogue, p. 10, and the Gotha Catalogue,p. 83.

Add. 7732.Poll. 329; 9i in. by 6; 19 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, about the begin¬ning of the 17th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

The same Divan, in alphabetical order;containing—Kasidahs, fol. 1 b. Mukatta at,fol. 171. Masnavis, fol. 235 b. Gliazals(not alphabetically arranged), fol. 210 a.Ghazals, in alphabetical order, fol. 273.Rubais, fol. 309 a.

Beg. <_l«.JU=- j *5" d&

This beginning is by a later hand, andonly imperfectly supplies the deficiency ofthe original MS., which has lost all tbeKasidahs in Alif but the last two. Poll.11—31, 64—76, and 329 have been writtenby the same modern hand, A.H. 1200.

The margins contain some additional piecesof Anvari, and, on foil. 126—217, the Tuhfatul-'Irakain and some other poems by Khakani,written in the same handwriting as the text,and dated Ispahan, Zulka'dah, A.II. 1011(A.D. 1003).

Add. 22,381.Poll. 259; 9| in. by 5^; 15 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in small Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century.

Another copy of the Divan of Anvari, con¬taining Kasidahs, fol. 1 a, and Mukatta'at,fol. 163 «, without alphabetical arrangement.

500—600. 555

It wants sixteen leaves at the beginning, afew in the body of the volume, and some atthe end.

Add. 5617.Poll. 280; 10i i n . by 6: 19 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins and two 'Unvans, dated Zulka'dah,A.H. 1087 (A.D. 1677).

[Natii. Brassey IIalhed.]The Divan of Anvari, containing Kasidahs,

fol. 1 b, and Mukatta'at, fol. 195 b, both inalphabetical order, with the exception of thefirst Kasidab, which begins:

^Ik* CJj^SLi b ao <^,jiu

This copy was written, as stated in thesubscription, for Shams ud-Din Muhammad,Vazir of the Subah of Tatah, by Abd ul-Majid Katib Tata'i.

Add. 16,763.Poll. 202; 9| in. by 5£; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated the 6thyear of Parrukhsiyar, A.II. 1129 (A.D. 1717).

[Wm. Yule.]

Cfj^>\ JoUaJj

The Kasidahs of Anvari, in alphabeticalorder, beginning like the preceding MS.

A curious feature of this collection is that,while consisting for the most part of authenticpoems of Anvari, it includes some Kasidahswhich are not found in the preceding copies,and which, according to what is known ofthe poet's life, cannot bo attributed to him;for they bear internal evidence of havingbeen composed in India, and many yearsafter the latest date assigned to Anvari'sdeath. Thus we find a Kasidab addressed toShams ud-Din Iltatmish, who reigned inIndia from A.H. 607 to 633, fol. 60 6; four

u 2

556 POETRY.—A.H. 500—600.

poems in praise of Ms son Rukn ud-DinFiruz Shah, who succeeded to his father, andwas deposed after a reign of six months,A.II. 034, foil. 40 b, 42 a, 62 a, 135 6; onecontaining the name of another son of Iltat-mish, Ghiyiis. ud-Din Muhammad, who at thetime of his father's death was in possessionof Oude, fol. 43 a; lastly, three Kasidahsaddressed to the Vazir of Iltatmish and hissuccessor, Nizam ul-Mulk Muhammad Junaidi(see Tabakat i Nasiri, Raverty's translation,pp. 613, 639), foil.' 44 a, 46 b, 62 b.

To the first of the above poems a precisedate can be assigned; for it records thereception by Shams ud-Din Iltatmish of arobe of bonour sent to him by the AbbasideKhalif Mustansir, an event which is statedby a contemporary historian to have takenplace A.II 626; see Tabakat i Nasiri, trans¬lation, p. 610.

The poet, whose name does not appear,says in the following lines, fol. 45 a, that hehad come to India from Khorasan:

\j< yjL^wj.ift ciJli- ji (^-j* ^S-j* j <^}">

Ouii<l liA***^- l-r'^ ji ^ &?r? 3 ^Badauni mentions in his Muntakhab, vol.

i. p. 65, two poets who repaired from Iran tothe court of Iltatmish, namely Nasiri andAmir Ruhiini.

Or. 362.Poll. 153 ; 9 in. by 5; 15 lines, 2| in.


(JjjA zzT*A commentary on the Kasidahs of Anvari.Author : Muhammad B. Da'ud 'Alavi

ShadiyabadT, ^li. ^

Beg. [j^.si £>\>e>j« ^*-j> u^\v>j u^.^The author states in the preface that,

having once recited a poem of Anvari beforethe exalted throne of Sultan Nasir ud-Din,

who deigned to admit him to his assemblies,he received His Majesty's command to writea commentary upon the difficult verses ofthat poet. Hence the present work.

The author was apparently a native ofShadi-abad, commonly called Mandu, thecapital of Malvah, and the above-namedsovereign is, no doubt, Nasir ud-Din Khilji,who reigned in Malvah from A.H. 906 to916. See Firishtah, vol. ii. p. 509.

The commentary does not follow the al¬phabetical order. The first three Kasidahscommented upon are those which begin asfollows: Ojjib o)T v «i â'sU, Tabrizedition, p. 124, CL^>\^ «i Ûil^ JU- J^s?ib., p. 26, and ^ *6 <_£j s ^j-

ib., p. 197. The last is a Kit'ahbeginning m J\j ib., p. 222.


long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedSha'ban, A.H. 1232 (A.D. 1817).

[Wm. Cuketon.]The same commentary, with some marginal

additions.

Or. 361.Foil. 92; 9± in. by 5^; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, probably in the17th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

<Sjy>\ JJloi ^.j2>A commentary on some Kasidahs of

Anvari.

Author : Abul-Hasan, ^\

Beg. *tL>*. j>\/j\ a/û-d\J\

Tilhir Nasirabadi, who in his Tazkirah,composed A.H. 1089, mentions Mir Abul-

POETHY.-A.il. 500—600. 557

Hasan, a Husaini Sayyid of Farahan, as acontemporary poet and the author of acommentary upon Anvari, states that afterstaying some time in Nasinibad, a suburb ofIspahan, Abul-Hasan settled in Shiraz, wherehe entered the service of the governor ImamKull Khan, but was eventually put to death.See Add. 7087, foL 208, Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 332, and Melanges Asiatiques,vol. iv. p. 54.

The author states in a short preamblethat he had confined himself to the explana¬tion of the difficult verses and of some rarewords. In conclusion he claims the readers'indulgence for what he calls the first literaryattempt of his youth, and adds that thework had been circulated before he hadintended to make it public.

The commentary follows the alphabeticalarrangement, beginning with the first Kasi-dah of the Tabriz edition, and ending withthe poem beginning jd^C* jljo-i^, ib.p. 205.

Or. 298.Foil. 56; 6| in. by 3; 14 lines, If in.

long; written in small Nestalik, probably inthe 16th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

(jr^Us-The Divan of 'Imadi.

Beg. U>j» j& jl ^*>»\^i *f J8k- 0^j> j }j (J^> s!> \j CL*sit> yil

The best account of 'Imadi is to be foundin the Haft Iklim, foil. 436—439, where beis called 'Imadi Shahriyari, and placedamong the natives of Rai, Shall riyar beingthe name of one of the richest Bulfiks ofthat city. Some of the best authorities, weare told, identify him with Imadi Ghaznavi,while others hold that there are two distinctpoets of that name. 'Aufi knows only one*Imadi, whom he classes with the poets of

Ghaznin, although the verses he quotes underhis name are, in some good copies, ascribed to'Imadi Shahriyari. The original Divan of'Imadi is lost; but about two thousand Baitshave been preserved. Among the numerouspieces inserted in the Haft Iklim, several ofwhich are found also in the present copy, aretwo in praise of Sultan Tughrul, the secondof which contains, according to Ahmad Razi,an allusion to Kizil Arslan. It was evidentlywritten after Tughrul had thrown off theyoke of the Atabaks, as he did after thedeath of Jahiin Pahlavan, A.H. 582 ; see theKamil, vol. ix. p. 437. The date assignedby Taki Kaski, Oude Catalogue, p. 16, tothe death of Imadi, namely A.II. 573, isaccordingly too early.

Other notices on 'Imadi will be found inthe Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 294, the Khulasatul-Afkar, fol. 173, and the Atashkadah,p. 102. See also Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,p. 439. In the first of the above works thepoet is called Hakim 'Imadi Ghaznavi, anddescribed as the panegyrist of 'Imad ud-Daulah Dailami. It is added that he wasalso called Sultani and Shahriyari, and thathe was, according to some authors, a son ofMukhtari Ghaznavi (see p. 543 a), —a verydoubtful statement, repeated in the Atash¬kadah.

The present collection, which containslittle more than 1400 Baits, consists princi¬pally of Kasidahs, arranged without anyapparent system, with some Ghazals, Kit'ahsand Buba'is. It affords no evidence of thepoet's connexion with Ghaznin, but much ofhis residence in Mazandaran and the ad¬joining countries. Two Kasidahs are inpraise of Sultan Tughrul, who was thenominal sovereign of Irak from A.H. 573to 582, and an independent ruler from thelatter date to his death in A.H. 590 (Kamil,vol. xi. pp. 265, 347, vol. xii. p. 70). Oneis addressed to Jahiin Pahlavan (the Ata-bak Muhammad B. Ilduguz), who reigned

55S POETRY.—All. 500—GOO.

A.H. 568—582 (ib. vol. xi. pp. 255, 582),iind another to Tughan (i. e. Tughan Shah B.Muayyad, who ruled in Nishapur A.H.508—581 or 582; see Journal Asiatique,4° Serie, vol. vii. p. 446).

But by far the greater number of thelaudatory poems are in praise of a prince ofMazandaran called Saif ud-Din 'Imad ud-Daulah B. Earamurz, who appears to havebeen the poet's special patron, and fromwhoso title he took, no doubt, his Takhallus'Imadi. lie is thus designated, fol. 19 a.

Ûc \j ^ j d\j jj*\J »U»,^Sp>\ <^*> *?L»» ^Jjîjô

and fol. 19 b.aJjjJ! i_ »Uj

In a Rubii'i composed after his benefactor'sdeath, fol. 54 b, the poet wonders at hisbeholding laid low in the dust him who hadraised him from it:

iyJ\ uilU- iJji a£

u3^- ^yS. liJU- »&>(!> j\^&>A "V J*iSj> juLi»b j-i \j* s£

In a poem in praise of Earamurz, apparentlythe father of 'Imad ud-Daulah, the poetdescribes himself as a humble follower in theprince's army, fol. 10 a:

jj^J>

I»*5U j\ j£z2t jiiOf 'Imad ud-Daulah no record has been

found. His father was perhaps the sameEaramurz, who is mentioned by Zahir ud-Din, Geschichte von Tabaristan, p. 223,about A.H. 512, as the nephew of thereigning Ispahbad, Ala ud-Daulah All.

Another prince called 'Abd ur-Rahman,described as a powerful sovereign in no lessthan three pieces, foil. 17, 36, 37, has notbeen identified.

The poet designates himself throughoutby the Takhallus of Tmadi; but he refers in

two passages, foil. 30 a, 34 b, to the changeof that surname to Sultani, as consequentupon his entering the service of SultanTughrul.

The first page bears the stamps of TiketRai, the Oude minister, and of the kings ofOude.

Add. 25,808.Foil. 386; 9g in. by 6£; 19 lines, 2f in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16th cen¬tury. [Wm. Cureton.]

Îjjli-The Divan of Khakani.

Beg. (jtita Joj Jak ^ ^ j& Âfzal ud-Din B. 'Ali Najjar, or son of All

the carpenter, a native of Shirvan, adoptedin the first instance the poetical surname ofHaka'iki, but received subsequently that ofKhakani from his master Abul-Ala Ganjavi.His original name was, according to mostbiographers, Ibrahim. But he says himself,in the following verse, quoted in the HaftIklim, fol. 529, that he had been called byhis father Badll, or "Substitute," becausehe filled the vacant place of Sana'i, the greatmystic:

uV?" &*5 V> u* fj'H ^ M uJ^

and he adds in another place, Add. 16,772, fol.264, that one magician (Sana'i) had just beenburied in Ghaznin when Shirvan gave birthto another (Khakani):

^'-^ j>j ±Z> ijjr^* u^r

&\j> y ^s-Uu L^JVi-

Ilence it may be inferred that he was bornabout A.H. 525 (see p. 549 J).

His life was principally spent at the courtof two successive sovereigns of Shirvan,namely Khakan Kabir Minuchihr, from whosetitle the poet's surname is dorived, and his son

POETRY.—A.H. 500—GOO.

Akhsatan (in our MSS. Akhtashan J^\ywho died after a long reign in, or shortlyafter, A.H. 584, the year in which Nizamidedicated to him his Majnun u Laila. (Seealso Khanykov, Bulletin de la Classe Histo-rique, tome xiv. pp. 353—370). Most ofKhakanl'6 laudatory poems are addressed toAkhsatan.

Hamd Ullah says in the Guzldah thatKhakani died in Tabriz A.H. 582, and thatstatement has been repeated by Daulatshah,fol. 70, by Ahmad RazI, Haft Ikllm, fol. 529,and in the Atashkadah, fol. 18. But thereis in his Divan ample evidence that he livedon to a later period. He survived his patronAkhsatan (see Khanykov, I.e. p. 356); hecomposed several poems in praise of theAtabak Nusrat ud-Din Kizil Arslan, whoreigned from A.H. 582 to 587 ; finally, ashas been noticed by Khwand Amir, Hablbus-Siyar, vol. ii. Juz 4, p. 176, he addresseda Kasldah to Sultan Tnkush KhwarazmShah after the taking of Isfahan, A.II. 590.The date assigned to his death inMir'at ul-Khayal, fol. 23, Khuliisat ul-Af kar, fol. 78, andNata'ij ul-Afkar (in the margin of Hablb us-Siyar, I.e.), viz. A.H. 595, is probably correct.

Other notices on Khakani will be found inJaml's Baharistan, fol. 65, Nafahat ul-Uns,p. 707, Majalis ul-Muminin, fol. 534, Mir'atul-Khayal, fol. 23, and lliyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 153. See also Hammer, Redekiinste,p. 125, Ouseley's Notices, p. 157, Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, p. 461, and Khanykov,Mdmoire sur Khacani, Journal Asiatique,6 e Seric, vol. iv. p. 137, vol. v. p. 296, andMelanges Asiatiques, vol. iii. p. 114.

The Divan is arranged according to sub¬jects. The following are the principaldivisions:—Poems on religious or moraltopics. Laudatory poems addressed toprinces, vazlrs, and men of rank, fol. 55 b.Tarp-bands, fol. 182 b. MariLsI, or funeral

» In Armenian,"Akhsartan." See Dorn, Caspia,p. 304.

t Aoo9

poems, fol. 204 a. Short pieces of asceticcharacter, epigrams, satires, etc., fol. 246.

Copies are described in the Jahrbiicher,vol. lxvi., Anzeigcblatt, p. 26, the ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 508, the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 328, etc.

Add. 16,773.Foil. 379; 91 in. by 5§; 19 lines, 2| in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, with 'Unviinand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the16th century. [Wm. Yule. ]

The same Divan.

Add. 7726.Poll. 310; 9| in. by 6; 15 lines, If in.

long, with about 30 half-lines written roundthe margins in continuation of each page,in neat Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins,apparently in the 16th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]The same Divan.

Add. 7727.Poll. 329; 10 in. by 5|; 21 lines, 3| in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 17th cen¬tury. [CI. J. Rich.]

The same Divan, slightly imperfect at theend.

Beg. *— j4 <r^'J > U*The first Kasldah of this copy is the second

of the preceding MSS.

Add. 25,809.Poll. 402; 10 in. by 5£j 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; appa¬rently in the 17th century.

[Wm. Cureton.]The same Divan, slightly imperfect at the

end, with many marginal notes, especially inthe first half of the volume.

On the fly-leaf at the end, and in a later

560 POETRY.—A.TI. 500—000.

hand, is written a gliazal popularly ascribedto Khakanl, beginning:

J'h? iA> sr* V *Ît has been printed at the end of Dr.

Forbes' Persian Grammar.

Add. 16,772.Poll. 283 ; 123 in. by 6±; 25 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in Nestalik, apparently in the18th century. [Wm. Yule.]

Another copy of the Divan of Khakanl,in which the Kasidaks are alphabeticallyarranged.

Beg. \ji ^Ju>j& jfytf CJjfO J^yr\Jiui\i^ Jiy J .j CJA-jby^-ils Jj>

Add. 25,018.Poll. 358; 8^ in. by 4|; 14 lines, 2\ in.

long, with about 24 half-lines in the margins;written in neat Nestalik, with 'Unvans andgold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16thcentury.

J\3l> ol*irThe complete works of Khakani, namely

his Divan and the Tuhfat ul-Trakain. TheMS. is divided into the following sections,each of which has a separate 'Unvan: I. Kasi¬dahs in alphabetical order, with the exceptionof the first, which begins :

(jiiVs w Vj &*j J 15II. Mukatta'at in alphabetical order, fo 1 .

206 b.Beg- u^J^1 *JL'a ^-

Uile Jjj ±* j\

III. Ghazals in alphabetical order, withsome Rubtus at the end, fol. 239 b.

Beg. \j»jk ^\ »•> M ^ ^ yj ÎV. Preface of the Tuhfat ul-'Irakain,

fol. 296 b.Beg. *Jb jr oHJ yfi iUtf jJU{ |^fl»l U j£*

The preface concludes with a dedication tothe Vazir Jamal ud-Din. This was the titleof Muhammad B. 'Ali ul-Ispahanl, who wasat the head of the government of Mausilfrom A.H. 541 to 558, when he was deposedby the Atabak Kutb ud-Din Maudud. Secthe Kamil, vol. xi. pp. 74 and 202, and IbnKhallikan's translation, vol. iii. p. 295.

V. Tuhfat ul-'Irakain, gUT, fol. 299 b.

Beg. <jJli- i^jjfM ajia- ^ ylÛai j^JUThe " Present to the two Iraks" is a

Magnavi poem, in which the poet describeshis journey from Shirvan to Mecca and hisreturn. Its precise date is not stated; but inhis ode to Ispahan ( Journal Asiatique, 6 e Serie,vol. v. p. 329) Khakanl says that he was inMausil, where he stayed some time on hisreturn journey, in A.II. 551.

An abstract of the contents has been givenby Khanykov, Journal Asiatique, 6° Serie,vol. iv. pp. 173—179. See also the Jahr-biicher, vol. 64, Anzeigcblatt, pp. 16—18,and the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 506. Aselection from the Tuhfat ul-'Irakain hasbeen printed in Lahore, 1867.

Add. 7728.Poll. 124; 8 in. by 4£; 13 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in small Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16th cen¬tury. [CI. J. Rich.J

The Tuhfat ul-Trakain. See the precedingMS., art. v.

Add. 25,810.Poll. 118; 10 in. by 6£; 15 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Nestalik; dated llaidarabad, Dec-can, Muharram, the 20th year of 'Alamgir,A.H. 1088 (A.D. 1677). [Wm. Cuketon.J

The same work, with marginal annotationsin the hand of the copyist.

POETRY.—A

Add. 23,553.Foil. 103; 9f in. by b\ ; 17 lines, 2| in.

long, in a page; written in Ncstalik; datedRajpur, district of Kalpi, Rajab, A.H. 1096(AD. 1685). [Rob. Taylor.]

The same work, with corrections, variousreadings, and glosses, in the same hand¬writing as the text.

Poll. 2—8 a contain extracts from Hafizand other poets.

Add. 16,776.Foil. 93 ; 7| in. by 4; 17 lines, 2g in. long;

written in a cursive hand, apparently in the17th century. [Wm. Yule.]

The same poem, imperfect at the beginningand wanting a few lines at the end.

It begins with ^ ^ j u xs- c? \(Add. 25,810, fol. 6 a).

Add. 16,775.Poll. 116; 11 in. by 4|; 15 lines, 2 1 in.

long; written in Ncstalik, apparently in the17th century. [Wm. Yule.]

The same poem, with the prose prefacenoticed p. 560 a.

This copy belonged to Muhammad Shfihid,son of Rahmat Khun Da'udzai, whose sealand signature are found on the last page.

Add. 16,774.Poll. 114; 7 in. by 4; 15 lines, 2J in.


The same work, with marginal notes.The prose preface, written by a later hand,

occupies foil. 16—6 6.

Add. 25,811.Poll. 235; 8i in. by 5£; 17 lines, 3| in.

VOL. II.

.H. 500—600. 561

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedShavval, A.H. 1080 (AD. 1670).

[Wm. Cuketon.]

jW*- -j*

A full commentary on forty-four Kasidahsfrom the Divan of Khakani.

Author: Muhammad B. Da'Qd B. Muham¬mad B. Mahmud Shadiyabadi, ^

(j^Ubjli ^♦sS* ^ .x*** ^

Beg. J3j ijJJ t_>-U-> jt>\}?-The author, who has been already men¬

tioned, p. 556 a, says that he had acquiredconsiderable skill in unfolding the abstrusemeaning of ancient poets, and had beenurged by some intimate friends to write thepresent commentary. The Kasidahs selectedfor explanation do not follow the alphabeticalorder, nor the usual arrangement of othercopies. The first three are those whichbegin as follows :

LT^Vj Jal> ^ _j f-U> jxj ^iwlijj.ii ij^->o i^jj V"**

sj.—«T jii-^J y-j-J ^Jj-i^- ^-*»See Add. 25,808, foil. 1, 21, 29.

Or. 363.Poll. 357; 9J in. by 4|; 19 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins, apparently in the 17th century.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]Another copy of the same commentary,

including about twenty minor poems notfound in the preceding.

On the first page are some seals of thereign of Shahjahan, the earliest of which isdated A.H. 1045.

Add. 27,315.Poll. 210; 8| in. by 5; 19 lines, Z\ in.

s

562 POETRY.—A.3I. 500—600.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedZulka'dah, A.H. 1107 (A.D. 1696).

[Duncan Eorbes.]A commentary on some Kasidahs of KhFi-

kani.Author: 'Alavi Lahiji, ^is-.

Beg. (_f -H^ t^j"* y^f* *^ cf iX»>"

The author, who calls himself in the pre¬face an old servant of Jahiingir, says that atthe time of the Emperor's accession he wasstaying in Mecca. After a long sojournthere he returned to India by way of Irakand Khorasan, and presented to His Majestythe above commentary, together with someKasidahs in his praise.

This preface is the only part of the workwhich is Alavi's original composition. Eorthe commentary is simply transcribed, withsome trifling alterations, and without anyacknowledgment, from the preceding work.It contains, however, towards the end, someminor poems and a few verses from theTuhfat ul Irakain, which are not to be foundin Add. 25,811, and which differ from theadditional pieces of Or. 363.

A Kasidah in praise of Jahangir, withwhich, according to the preface, the workwas to conclude, is not found in the presentcopy.

Add. 8993.Eoll. 44; 6f in. by 3£; 14 lines, 2 in.

long, in a page; written in minute Nestalik,with gold-ruled margins; dated Sha'ban,A.H. 1016 (A.D. 1607).

J\&# ^\ 0ljftAThe Divan of Mujir ud-Din Bailakani.Mujir ud-Din, born in Bailakan, a town of

the province of Arriin, was a dependent ofthe Atabaks of Azarbfujan, namely Ilduguz,and his son Kizil Arslan, who is the principalobject of his panegyrics. He left the latter,

however, according to the Haft Iklim, fol.543, to attach himself to Sultan Tughrul.In the latter part of his life he was employedin the revenue collection in Isfahan, wherehe made fierce enemies by his satires. Hewas finally assailed in a bath by an infuriatedmob, and put to death. 'Aufi, quoted inRiyFiz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 403, states that KizilArslan, displeased by Mujir's remissness inhis attendance, called two rival poets, AsjrAkhsikati and Jamfd ud-Din Ashhari, to hiscourt, and bestowed his favour upon them.

Mujir's death is placed by Taki Kashi,Oude Catalogue, p. 16, in A.H. 594, and bythe author of the Riyfiz, 1. c, in A.H. 568.As his Divan contains, fol. 27, an elegy onthe death of Kizil Arslan, which took placeA.H. 587, the latter date is evidently wrong.

Other notices on Mujir will be found inDaulatshuh, fol. 99, Atashkadah, fol. 14, andKhulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 267. See also Ham¬mer, Redckiinste, p. 129, and Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 503. Amir Khusrau, whomentions Mujir in the preface of his Ghurratul-Kamal, places him above Khakani, who isgenerally called his master.

The present copy, which is imperfect atthe beginning, contains Kasidahs, which arenot in alphabetical order, with a few Kit'ahsand two Ruba'is at the end. The first com¬plete Kasidah, probably the second of theDivan, begins thus:

l—«>V» ^i-a* Oi>j j*>**>

l_j'J5 j>j oJUj £*o i£Copyist: ui)^*

Add. 19,498.Eoll. 115; 7i in. by 5; 14 lines, 3± in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, on gold-sprinkled paper, with gold-ruled margins,probably in the 16th century.

iskji* j*^> •The Divan of Zahir ud-Din Earyabi.

POETRY.—A.H. 500—600. 563

Beg. t ^IP j!.?* 'Hi

Zahir ud-Dia Abul-Fazl Tahir B. Muham¬mad, born at Faryab, in the province ofBalkh, applied himself to the sciences, espe¬cially to astronomy, as well as to poetry. Hecomposed in early life poems in praise ofTughim Shah, who ruled in Nishapilr fromA.H. 569 to 581, and of Husam ud-DaulahArdashTr, who reigned in Mazandaran fromA.H. 567 to 602 (see Ibn Isfandiyar, Add.7633, fol. 69). From the latter country heproceeded to the court of the Atabaks ofAzarbaijan, and lived in great honour underMuhammad B. Ilduguz (A.H. 568—582),and under his brother and successor, KizilArslan (A.H. 582—587), whom he left toattach himself to the former's son, Nusratud-Din Abu Baler. He ended his life inretirement, and died, according to the Guzi-dah, fol. 241, in Tabriz, A.H. 598.

He is noticed in Jami's Baharistan, fol. 66,Daulatshah, fol. 95, Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii.,Juz 4, p. 127, Haft Iklim, fol. 245, Biyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 280, and Atashkadah, fol.144. See also Hammer, Bedekiinste, p. 130,Ouscley's Notices, p. 154, and Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, pp. 16 and 579.

Contents: 1. Kasidahs in alphabeticalorder, fol. 1 b. 2. Two Tarpbands, fol. 86 b.3. Ghazals, not alphabetically arranged, fol.90 a. 4. MukattaVit, fol. 93 b. 5. Euba'Is,fol. 110 a.

Copies of the Divan are mentioned byKrafft, p. 62, in the IJpsala Catalogue, p. 102,and in Bibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1523.

The first page bears the Persian seals ofMr. Henry Yansittart, and of Mr. CharlesBoddam.

Add. 7733.Foil. 140; 6£ in. by 3j ; 14 lines, 2g in.

long ; written in cursive Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins; dated Shavval, A.H. 1035(A.D. 1626). [CI. J. Eich.]

The same Divan, differently arranged.

Beg. JJjUt J^j* ^ e£ ^ i±Ju*J} s- t_J $ &\ il^J

This copy comprises the following classesin which the alphabetical order is notobserved :—1. Kasidahs, fol. 1 b. 2. Mu¬kattaVit, fol. 90 b.' 3. Ghazals, fol. 127 b4. Rubals, fol. 131 a.

Or. 268.Foil. 188; 10^ in. by 6; 12 lines, 3 in.

long; written in fine Nestalik, with 'TJnvanand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the15th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton. ]

{J^j^-\ j£>\The Divan of Ash' Akhsikati.

Beg. ^ ^l^Jj -iU J^>- ^j\=rJ^f ^ i_s^ *^ A * £ss

A§Tr ud-Din, a native of Akhsikat, a townof Farghanah, is placed by most Persiancritics in the same rank of excellence as hisgreat contemporaries, Anvari and Khakani.The fame of the latter attracted him to Irak,and he soon became a favourite court-poet ofSultan Arslan B. Tughrul,who reigned fromA.H. 555 to 571. After a time he retired toKhalkhal, a mountainous canton of Azarbai¬jan, whither he had been called by the localruler, and where he spent the remainder ofhis life in seclusion. See Daulatshah, fol.101, and Haft Iklim, fol. 602. Taki Kashiplaces his death in A.H. 608. He is noticedin the Guzldah, fol. 239, the Eiyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 8, and the Atashkadah, fol. 147.See also Hammer, Redekiinste, and Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, pp. 16 and 345.

The Divan contains Kasidahs, arrangedaccording to the persons to whom they areaddressed, Ghazals, fol. 84 «, Mukatta'at, andsome additional Kasidahs, fol. 140 b. In the

s 2

564 POETRY.—NIZAMI.

first class are found poems in praise of ArsliinB. Tughrul, (see foil. 9 a, 11 a, 11 b, 71 b,73 a, etc.), of Kizil Arsliin, son of AtabakIlduguz (see foi. 63 a), and of 'Ala ud-Dau-lah Fakhr ud-Din Shah, who is styled kingof Kuhistan, and appears to have been thepoet's special patron (see foil. 16 b, 18 a, 19 b,22 a, etc.). The last is probably the ruler ofKhalkhal mentioned in the above notices.

Add. 7729.Foil. 316; 7i in. by 5; 22 lines, in.

long; written in small Persian Naskhi, infour columns, with six 'Unviins; dated Shav-val, A.H. 802 (A.D. 1100). [CI. J. Rich. J

11. t^jc iaj

The five poems of Nizami.Nizami (Nizam ud-Dm Abu Muhammad

Ilyas* B. Yusuf) is universally acknowledgedas the greatest of Masnavi-writers, and hispoems have remained to the present day theclassical standards of that kind of composi¬tion, lie is mentioned in the Haft IklTm,fol. 398, among the poets of Kum ; and theAtashkadah, fol. 102, names Tafrish, in theprovince of Kum, as the birth-place of thepoet, or of his father. Nizami himself refers,in the Iskandar Namah, to the hilly district ofKum as hisplace of origin, -»i ^ ^KL^ j\ Jj.But he spent nearly the whole of his life inGanjah, a town of Arran, the modern Elisa-betpol, where he died in great renown forsanctity. It is said of him that he nevercourted the favour of kings, but that kingsvied with each other for the honour of beingnamed in his poems. His writings show,however, that, although he shunned thecourts, he lavished praises with no sparinghand on those princes from whom he expectedsome return.

a Nijtami gives his proper name Ilyis in the prologueof Laila u Majniin, fol. 90 b.

Most conflicting statements have beenmade regarding the date of Nizfuni's death.Daulatshah, fol. 101, gives A.H. 576, theAtashkadah, A.H. 586, the Jahanura, fol. Ill,A.H. 597, Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 176, A.H.596, the Subh i Sadik (marginal note toHabib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 112), A.H.602, and Taki Kashi, Oude Catalogue, p. 17,A.H. 606.

An ingenious attempt to reconstruct Ni-zami's life from his own writings has beenmade by Dr. Wilhelm Bachcr, in his Memoiron the poet, published in German, Leipzig,1871, and in an English translation, London,1873. Although his results, owing to theinsufficiency of his materials, are - not freefrom errors of detail, it cannot be deniedtliat he has succeeded in establishing thechronology of the poet's life and writings ona safe basis.

Of several references made by Nizami invarious passages to his age the most preciseis found in the prologue of Majnun u Laila,fol. 90 a, where he says that he counted thenseven times seven years :

^ ^j-^j^ w!i<-l»£i> ^&&_j^jsC°

As the whole poem was written in thecourse of A.H. 581, it follows that the poetwas born in A.H. 535.

We have, on the other hand, a contem¬porary record of Nizami's death in a shortrhymed epilogue added to the second part ofthe Iskandar Namah by an unknown person,who evidently stood in a close relation to thepoet, and witnessed his last moments. It isthere stated that he did not long survive thecompletion of that poem, and that, at thetime of his death, he had reached the age ofsixty-three years and six months. See fol.313 b, Add. 25,900, fol. 317 b, and Sprcnger'sedition, p. 182:

<xl yLL-jb ^Lla-i

l*^ 3 j-> j-i-i u ^ (V~*-^

POETRY.—NIZAMI. 5G5

j-j a->\j u~> *^^■AH j 1* JjJ i£=

&»> j Caiam j &* ^ (i'jj*

J^ », j-J *^If Nizami was born A.II. 535, and lived

63| years, he must have died A.H. 598 or599.

Besides the works above referred to Nizamiis noticed in the Guzidah, fol. 213, Baha-ristfm, fol. 66, Nafahat ul-Uns, p. 708, Habibus-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 112, the Riyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 419, and Haft Asman, pp.25—44. See also Hammer, Eedckiinste,p. 105, Ouselcy's Notices, p. 43, and Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, p. 519.

The Khamsah of Nizami, which is oftencalled Panj Ganj, "The Pive Treasures," hasbeen lithographed in Bombay, 1834 and1838, and in Teheran, A.H. 1261. Copiesare described in Fleischer's Dresden Cata¬logue, p. 1, the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i.p. 503, the St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 32,the Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 34, and theMunich Catalogue, p. 10.

It contains the following poems :—I. Fol. 1 b.

u>?" The Storehouse of Mysteries," a Sufi

poem, in which moral and religious maximsare illustrated by anecdotes.

Beg. fiPj^ u-^j^ ^

^ ^ ji J.JS' C^~Jt

The poem is divided into twenty sections(Makfdat), the subjects of which have beenstated by Hammer, 1. c, p. 106. It was, asstated by Nizami in the Iskandar Namab,the author's first composition. The prologuecontains, fol. 5, a dedication to Fakhr ud-DlnBah ram Shah, son of Da'ud, who is describedas king of Armenia and Rum.

This Bahrain Shah, a grandson of a Saljuki

Amir, Manguchak Ghiizi, was the hereditaryruler of the principality of Arzanjfm, and avassal of Kilij Arslan (A.H. 558-578), whobad given him a daughter in marriage. Hedied after a long reign A.H. 622. See theKamil, vol. xii. pp. 279, 312, Jahaniira, fol.Ill, and Haft Iklim, fol. 399.

The poet refers in the same passage,fol. 6 b, to two books bearing the name ofBahram Shflh,

8^ (_j»>yeU_j<ij _j> axi'j

»Li ^ _,A_> J-^'V j*namely, his own, and another (the Hadikahof Sana'!; see p. 549 a), dedicated to a sove¬reign of the same name, who reigned inGhaznin. The allusion has not been under¬stood by Dr. Bacher, who translates, 1. c,p. 20: " Two letters came to me from tworenowned places," etc.

One of the following copies, Or. 1216,fol. 31, contains in the conclusion twocouplets stating that the poem was completedon the 24th of Rabi' I., A.H. 559 :

Clw^iS j\~+JZ~> lIaJuSs- &: .>

£r>j) fjW J^ ^j 3? *^j>

uV- osfi »3 J

The same lines are given in a full notice onthe Makbzan ul-Asriir by Agha Ahmad 'All, inthe Haft Asman, pp. 53—63, and the date hasbeen also recorded by Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 365.Another copy, Add.19,500, has in the last lineA.H. 582: ^\ s z tkiLt> j j.^3b. The correctreading is probably alio* or &*- for thepoem is undoubtedly anterior to the Khusrauu Shirin, dated A.H. 576. It must be noticed,however, that these verses, which are want¬ing in the best copies, are of very doubtfulauthenticity. The earlier date is, besides,highly improbable ; for it can hardly be sup¬posed that Bahram Shah, who died A.H. 622,had begun to reign sixty-three years before.

566 POETRY.—NIZAMI.

A safer indication of the time of compositionis to be found in Nizami's allusion to his agein the prologue, fol. 8 a : u} '^\ ^J^» Jf»-^y-' If the poet was then about forty yearsold, the poem cannot have been written muchbefore A.H. 575.

The Makhzan ul-Asrar has been edited byNathaniel Bland, London, 1844, and litho¬graphed in Cawnpore, 1869. An Englishtranslation by J. Haddon Hindley is pre¬served in manuscript, Add. 6961.

II. Fol. 29 b.

IjZjA J Jj—»•Khusrau and Shirin.

Beg. ^\Li> jjiy^j IjOjVji-

t$*+i tj

In tlie present copy the prologue occupiesonly three pages, and has no dedication. Butin Add. 25,900,16,780, in the Teheran edition,and other copies, it contains extensive eulogieson the reigning Sultan Tughrul, Add. 25,900,fol. 33 b, on Shams ud-Din Abu Ja'far Mu¬hammad, in whom, the poet says, fol. 34 b,the departed soul of his mighty father, AtabakIlduguz,j-/jl til^l, had come to life again,and thirdly, fol. 35 a, on Kizil Shah, »^ Jji'0~fcU (t^b evidently meant for KizilArslan, the brother, and afterwards successor,of Atabak Muhammad, whose full namecould not be made to fit into the metre. Thework is dedicated to the second of the above-mentioned personages, to whom the poetoffers apologies for not attending his courtin person.

The poem must, therefore, have beenwritten between the accession of SultanTughrul B. Arslan, in A.H. 573, and thedeath of the Atabak Muhammad, surnamedJahan Pablavan, who ruled in the Sultan'sname, and died A.H. 582. The followinglinos in the conclusion of tho poem, fol. 81 n,contain its precise date, A.1I. 576:

JlwJ (j£jS» J lihifc j &sG.')\> i-'J^j^

J , =- io^r u^y* ^ jiThe same reading is found in Add. 25,900,

fol. 97 b, Add. 27,260, fol. 109 b, and otherold copies, as well as in the Teheran edition.

In an epilogue, which must have been sub¬sequently added, foil. 81—83, NizamI, afterreferring to the death of Atabak Muhammad,relates how he was summoned to the pre¬sence of his successor, Kizil Arslan (A.H.582—587), and describes the gracious recep¬tion he met there, and the favours conferredupon him by the new sovereign. He concludeswith a eulogy on the heir-apparent, Nusratud-Din Abu Bakr B. Muhammad.

The Khusrau u Shirin has been litho¬graphed in Lahore, A.H. 1288. See for thecontents Hammer's " Schirin, ein persischosromantisches Gedicht nach morgenlandischenQucllcn," Leipzig, 1809.

III. Fol. 83 6.Uy*? J J*3

Laila and Majnun.

Beg. j~> .3 ftJJ\jL) ^ J y r U

The author had received, as he states inthe prologue, a letter from the Shirvanshah,requesting him to take for his next theme,after the completion of his Khusrau andShirin, the loves of Laila and Majnun. Hehastened to comply with the king's desire,and wrote, as he states in the introduction,fol. 88 a, the present poem, consisting ofupwards of four thousand couplets, in thespace of four months, lie adds that it wascompleted at the end of Rajah, A.H. 584 :

(JW- *_j j_^> d^l^J6

Jb ^ j v^j ^"j*ay- U c^i»b *6&-*a->\-i J^. j !>\

Further on is found a panegyric on the aboveking and his presumptive heir Minuchihr.

POETRY.—NIZAMI. 567

The king's name is given in full as follows:Jalfil i Daulat u Din Abul-Muzaffar Aklita-Bhan il) \JLA-\ (in Add. 16,780, fol. 109, WL-son of Minuchihr. This king of Shirvfin,whose real name appears to have been Akli-satan, has been already mentioned, p. 559 a,as the special patron of Khakani.

The Laila, u Majnun has been lithographedin Lucknow, A.H. 1286, and an Englishtranslation has been published by JamesAtkinson under the title " Laili and Majnun,a poem from the original of Nazami," London,1836.

IV. Fol. 130 b.

j£g c^&b" The seven images," a poem comprising

seven tales told by the seven favourites ofthe king Bahrain Gur.

Beg. y j\ ifitj* $y> imz> J^>- <j\j_> jl (ji-^-J iy—

It is stated in the concluding lines, fol.192 b, Add. 16,780, fol. 211 a, Add. 25,900,fol. 205 a, Or. 1363, fol. 224 a, that the poemwas completed on the 14th of Ramazan,A.H. 593.

^\J> jy j jâib jl

u ]J^ 3* tr^

pV_JL.<0 8iijL». j-> jjj

A»J *JkJj jjjj jLa-

It was composed, as stated in the prologue,fol. 139 0, at the desire of a sovereign called'Ala ud-Din Karb [ ?] Arslan, the pride of thelineage of Aksunkur:

y-iJl ^

W-ir*j) [^-*) j-*>^-> J a>U»-

jjfj3t4 w iL»»;) (-J/ 6* t{-^ji-j^J <Fî uyk-vj

jj\ ii~lyo <_5%—J—«j

} } \ ±j\ JWi u ^

The name is written as above in some ofthe earliest copies, as Add. 25,900, fol. 151a,and Add. 27,200, fol. 174 b, inAdd. 23,547, fol. 163 £, and u ^ <j inOr. 1363, fol. 165 b. In other copies themore familiar names t_Jl (as in the

present MS.), and Jj*j have been sub¬stituted for it. Towards tho end of thechapter devoted to his praise his two sonsare also mentioned. The first is called Nus-rat ud-Din Muhammad, the second Ahmad.

No record has been found of that king,who is described by Nizam! as giving pros¬perity to the fifth climate ^tabl yfljyZflevying tribute on Greeks and Russians,-|^» j »A> Jil>jr, an(l having theShah of Dailam for one of his servants, t\Z,

j-^r *^ Jô. His successful en¬counters with the Georgians are alluded toin the following verse, Or. 1363, fol. 166 b,and Or. 1578, fol. 6 a:

tj -i jJUw. \ j+?/m£j V câ*

The main branch of the line of Aksunkur,to which he belonged, was represented atthat period by the Atabak of Mausil, Nur ud-Din Arslan, who succeeded to his father, 'Izzud-Din Mas'ud, A.H. 589, and died A.H. 607.See the Kamil, vol. xii. p. 191, and IbnKhallikan's translation, vol. i. p. 174.

It has been stated by Sir G. Ouscley, Flii-gol, and others, that the Haft Paikar wasdedicated to Kizil Arslan. But a compari¬son of dates suffices to disprove it; for thepoem was written A.H. 593, while the Ata¬bak died A.n. 587. Dr. Bacher's asser¬tion that it was written for the Atabak Nus-rat ud-Din is not confirmed by any of ourcopies.

The naft Paikar has been lithographed inBombay, 1849, and in Lucknow, A.H. 1290.One of the seven tales has been published

POETRY.—NIZAMI.

with a German translation by P. von Erd-mann, "Behramgur und die Russische Puer-stentochter," Kasan, 1844.

V. Pol. 193 b.

The Book of Alexander.

Beg. ^bi. <ab yb^s- bb>i-e^«*b> ^J^>ii- e^**^ U;

The poem consists of two distinct parts.The first treats of the career of Alexander asa conqueror. The second describes him inthe character of sage and prophet; it relatesalso his journeys to the end of the worldand his adventures at sea. That those twoparts form only one and the same poem isshown by a line at the end of the first, inwhich Nizami says that he has now completed

ne half of the book, ^li-by fs^y>j\ _,>■The Iskandar Namah is frequently desig¬

nated by the titles of Sharaf Namah. andIkbal Nfunah i Iskandari. The first is takenfrom £*b i_J,-£>, a name applied by Ni¬zami in the prologue to a poem which heonce contemplated writing as a complementto the Shahnamah, and from another pas¬sage in the beginning of the second part(fol. 275 a, Sprengcr's edition, p. 8) ^ juL^i,i>,y tj\J, in which Sharaf Namah desig¬nates the Iskandar Namah itself. The secondis borrowed from this verse of the same pro¬logue, fol. 203 a, in which the poet refersto the present work under the title of Ikbal iIskandari,

i^jxjf 1>L^ j>Lf ) y*6Li\ Jbj*\ *j|

and from another passage in the epilogue ofthe second part, fol. 314 b, in which hedesignates it by the name of Ikbal.

Much confusion has been created by thearbitrary application of those titles by tran¬scribers to one or the other of the two parts

of the poem. The second part has alsobeen called Khirad Namah, from the word•>> with which it begins.

The prologue of the first part contains aglowing eulogy on a king designated by histitle, Nusrat ud-Dln,

>S j^jJl O;^) we^**>-> liUi ufi

i>l>V uV?"*bvcl jj>

who had desired the poem to be dedicated tohim:

}*~xr* j\ ^ to** J^JJ& ^\ J& Jlh b> 16

The prince's proper name (j£ tfS) is onlyalluded to as one consisting of six letters:

±ti ^3^* i\$

Nusrat ud-Din Abu Bakr, son of JahanPahlavan Muhammad, succeeded to his unclethe Atabak Kizil Arslan, in Tabriz, A.H. 587,and died A.H. G07.

The date of composition, A.II. 597, is statedin the following verses quoted in the HaftAsman, p. 29, but which tbe author thinks tobe of doubtful authenticity:

uV" \) ta$ w* f**^*s> j)* b3 &y

JImj C^-flA i5ji liwaib ^jbj

^ ^-r-rThe same date is found in some late copies,

as Add. 26,147, fol. 226, Add. 26,146, fol. 143,and Add. 25,799, fol. 176.

There can be no doubt, however, that theIskandar Namah, or at all events the presentrecension, was written subsequently to theHaft Paikar, viz. after A.H. 593; for thatpoem is mentioned in the prologue, fol. 203 a,as the last of the previous compositions ofNizami:

yr^ 1 J^* / j»

Jj*\j uli*-> j£>J LL^O* ^yst

There are, however, some copies, as forinstance Add. 26,144, fol. 169 b, in which

POETRY.—NIZ AMI. 569

the enumeration of the former poems con¬cludes with Laila u Majnun.

The second part of the Iskandar Namahbegins on fol. 273 b, as follows :

io>.> \4j* lijo-

sJS \J>\ dj^* (ji- JijIt is called in the heading **U The

prologue contains in the present copy, fol.276 b, a panegyric addressed to the rulerof Mausil, Malik Kahir Tzz ud-Din Abul-Path Mas'ud B. Nur ud-Din (Arslan):

(J.-Cj.* j\^-ijia

Joljyb jAt0 \lC>*jS j ^-y*jylij i.l^jii\> ^jjjl j.c iHiU

(Jyi» (_$^»JaJ

^■^J'j Jjjj lij*—< ^ftjl y\The same verses are found in Add. 16,780,

fol. 214 b, and in Add. 6613, fol. 267 b.Nur ud-Din Arslan Shah died on the 28th

of Rajah, A.M. 607. His son al-Malik al-Kaliir'Izz ud-Din Mas'ud, who was then seven¬teen years of age, was immediately seatedon the throne. He died A.II. 615. SeelbnKhallikan's translation, vol. i. p. 171, vol. iii.p. 361, and the Kamil, vol. xii. pp. 191, 217.

If the above lines were really written byNizamI, it follows that ho was still alive atthe close of A.II. 607. The death of hisformer patron, the Atabak Nasr ud-Din AbuBakr, which took place in that very year(Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz. 4, p. 127),would naturally account for his dedicatingthe poem to the youthful sovereign who hadjust been seated on the throne of Mausil; andthe recurrence of the same name, Tzz ud-Din Mas'ud, in the epilogue which will bepresently mentioned, would not require anyother explanation.

On the other hand, the great weight ofevidence in favour of an earlier date forNizami's death must throw some doubt onthe authenticity of that dedication. It is

VOL. II.

wanting in most of the early copies, as wellas in the printed texts, and a suspiciouscircumstance is that it is found on examina¬tion to be almost entirely transcribed, withthe exception of the propor names, from theeulogy on Nusrat ud-Din prefixed to the firstpart of the Iskandar Niimah.

In other copies the second part is dedi¬cated, like the first, to Nusrat ud-Din. Theprologue contains also, fol. 273 b, a mournfulreference to the death of Shah Arslan, i.e.Kizil Arslan, the uncle and predecessor ofNusrat ud-Din, who died A.II. 587,

t^ai- uill^jO j <_l*i, (j^-*/ »U»C*» J'.s- u a-V j«s W \>-J u &?*

and the description of a recent earthquake(Sprenger's edition, p. 16). We learn fromthe Kamil, vol. xii. p. 72, that a destructiveearthquake took place in Irac and the neigh¬bouring countries in the month of Rabi I.,A.H.590.

At the end of the second part, fol. 314 a,is found an epilogue addressed to a kingcalled 'Izz ud-Din,

liib &5ol jj^jJI j& CiU*s'x^ CJo,^ ito jb

whose proper name Mas'ud is given furtheron, fol. 315 a, *yi~* Jli (jt^i ^ yr-After describing the splendours of 'Izz ud-Din's court, the poet says that he sends tothe king " two pearls brought up from hisocean," namely his son and his poem, heredesignated by the names of Mukbil and Ikbal,and claims for both a favourable reception.

'Izz ud-Din Mas'ud, son of Kutb ud-DinMaudud, succeeded to his brother Saif ud-Din Ghazi on the throne of Mausil A.H. 576,and died in Sha'ban, A.II. 589. See IbnKhallikan's translation, vol. iii. p. 356, andKamil, vol. xii. p. 66.

Dr. Bacher looks on the above epilogue asa fragment of an earlier recension of theIskandar Namah, and finds its date in anincidental reference to the age of Nizami's

T

570 POETRY.—NIZ AMI.

son, wlio was then seventeen years oldfc W U» ^.±1 JV-j jjiifc. As the same

son is described in Laila u Majniin, A.H. 584,as a youth of fourteen, fol. 90 b, Jl— s^U- <_?1(yjnJ) ij, the present epilogue must have beenwritten three years later, viz., in A.H. 587,the very year in which Kizil Arslfin wasfound murdered in his bed. It was appa¬rently the unsettled state of Azerbaijan afterthe Atabak's death which induced NizamI tolook for a new patron in the neighbouringstate of Mausil.

Passages of later dates, however, havebeen mixed up with that earlier epilogue.Thus in the following verse, fol. 315 a, andAdd. 25,900, fol. 319 a, NizamI says that hehad readied the age of sixty years: CL*~..L>y/i JL* *tj\y>\

In other copies, as Add. 26,144, fol. 280 a,Add. 17,329, fol. 367 b, and in the Calcuttaedition, p. 182, the epilogue is addressed, aswell as the prologue, to Nusrat ud-DIn. Inthe Calcutta edition, it is stated in one of thelast lines, p. 190, that the poem had beencompleted on the tenth day of Ayar, A.II.599. The same date is found in Add. 16,782,fol. 117 : lW'oj

The first part of the Iskandar Namah hasbeen edited with a commentary in Calcutta,1812, and reprinted in 1825. The text alonehas been printed in Calcutta, A.H. 1269,and lithographed editions with marginalnotes have been published in Lucknow,A.H. 1282, and in Bombay, A.H. 1277 and1292. Extracts will be found in Franz vonErdmann's work, " De Expeditione RussorumBerdaam versus," Casan, 1826, and in Char-moy's "Expedition d'Alexandre contre lesRusses," St. Petersburg, 1829. See alsoSpiegel, " die Alexandersage bei den Orien-talen," Leipzig, 1851, pp. 33—50.

The second part has been edited under thetitle of Siktmilrrnamah i Bahri, by Dr. Spren-ger, Calcutta, 1852, and 1869. A short

statement of the contents will bo found inErdmann's work, vol. i. p. 24, and a fullerabstract in Bacher's Memoir, pp. 101—171.See also Dr. Ethe, Alexander's Zug zumLebensquell, Sitzungsberichte der Bayeri-schen Akademie, 1871, pp. 343—405.

Add. 25,900.Foil. 316; 7£ in. by 4|; 25 lines, 2| in.

long; written in a minute and elegant Nes-talik, in four gold-ruled columns, with illu¬minated borders and headings, dated A.II.846 (A.D. 1442); bound in painted covers.

The five poems of NizamI, viz. Makhzanul-Asrar, fol. 5 b. Khusrau u Shirin, fol.31 b. Laila u Majniin, fol. 101 b. HaftPaikar, fol. 151 b. Iskandar Namah, Part 1,called Sharaf-Namah i Iskandari, fol. 206 b ;Part 2, fol. 279 b.

The MS. contains twenty whole-pageminiatures in Persian style, of the highestdegree of finish, on foil. 1, 2, 16, 39, 42, 68,75, 118, 112, 119, 138, 159, 171, 187, 230,233, 244, 249, 268, 279. Four pages at thebeginning are covered with rich ornameu-tation.

On the fly-leaf is found the last owner'sname, " James R. Ballantyne, Nov. 1837."

Add. 16,780.Foil. 326; 10£ in. by 7; 23 lines, 4 in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, in four gold-ruled columns, with a rich border enclosingthe first two pages, five smaller 'Unvans andornamental headings ; dated Muharram, A.H.936 (A.D. 1529). ' [Wm. Yule.]

The same poems, viz. Makhzan ul-Asrar,fol. 1 b. Khusrau u Shirin, fol. 27 b. Lailau Majniin, fol. 104 b. Haft Paikar, fol. 155 b.Iskandar Namah, Part 1, fol. 211 b ; Part 2,fol. 254 6.

The second part of the Iskandar Namah


contains, fol. 214 b, the dedication to MalikKahir l Izz ud-Dm Mas'ud, which has heennoticed p. 5G9 a.

Copyist: \^,^\ jn^o ^Sixteen miniatures in Persian style occupy

about half a page each.It appears from a Persian note, dated

A.H. 1183, that this MS. came from a libraryin Kashmir, and was given to the writer inDehli. It bears the seal of the Oudeminister, Maharajah Tiket Rai.

Or. 1216.Foil. 391; 9 in. by 5%; 18 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in four gold-ruled columns, insmall Nestalik, with five 'Unvans and orna¬mented headings; dated Bamazan, A.H. 961(A.D. 1554). [Alex. Jaba.]

The same poems, viz. Makhzan ul-Asrar(wanting the first three pages), fol. 1 a.Khusrau u Shirin, fol. 32 b. Laila u Majnun,fol. 122 b. Haft Paikar, fol. 186 b. Iskan-dar Namah, Part 1, headed eJ^», fol.245 b ; Part 2, entitled ^j±>L~>\ a*13 Jlf5\,fol. 339 b.

The last lines of the Makhzan, fol. 31 a,written in a different handwriting, apparentlyin the 15th century, include the date ofcomposition, A.H. 559, mentioned p. 565 b.The Haft Paikar is dated A.H. 598 in thefollowing lines, fol. 245 a:

L^s? la-j iSUoj Q3] ^ U~Jj1

5 =~ \j y£ j-jLi/The volume contains fifteen miniatures in

Persian style, occupying about two-thirds ofa page, on foil. 11, 17, 49, 57, 80, 135, 149,160, 201, 220, 231, 279, 301, 323, and 354.

Copyist: i^lS^

Add 26,144.Poll. 282; 9i in. by 7; 21 lines, 4| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, in four gold-

ruled columns, with five 'Unvans; datedJumada II., A.H. 968 (A.D. 1561).

[Wm. Erskine.]The four following poems of Nizami:

Makhzan ul-Asrar, fol. 4 b. Khusrau uShirin, fol. 32 b. Laila u Majnun, fol. 104 b.Iskandar Namah, Part 1, endorsed Sharaf-Namah, fol. 160 b ; Part 2, endorsed KhiradNamah, fol. 238 a.

In the record of the author's death, fol-280 a, his age is stated to have been sixty-two years and six months,

JLiji> j c^~~I» j (jiwi Jjj yjj*

Copyist: j^a£«

Add. 17,329.Poll. 369; 9| in. by 7; 19 lines, 4| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, with sixTTnvans, and gold-ruled margins; datedMuharram, A.H. 994 (A.D. 1585).

The five poems of Niz,"imi, viz. Makhzanul-Asrar, fol. 1 b. Khusrau u Shirin, fol.32 b. Laila u Majnun, fol. 107 b. HaftPaikar, fol. 169 b. Iskandar Namah, Part 1,fol. 234 b ; Part 2, entitled Khirad Namah,fol. 324 b.

The Iskandar Namah is dated at the end,fol. 369 a, A.H. 590 :

jtyjl djijjjA-aib j sLtisTjii £y

Copyist: J^^> ^

Add. 27,260.Poll. 362; 12 in. by 7; 21 lines, 4 in. long,

in a page; written in a small and neat Nes¬talik, in four gold»ruled columns, with sixrich 'Unvans, and ornamental headings,-apparently in the 16th century. Bound ingilt and stamped leather.

[Sir John Malcolm.]The same poems, viz. Makhzan ul-Asrar,

fol. 2 b. Khusrau u Shirin, fol. 32 b. Lailat 2


u Majnun, fol. 113 b. Haft Paikar, fol. 171 b.Iskandar Namah, Part 1, with the headingShavaf-Namah i Iskandari, fol. 235 b ; Part 2,fol. 292 b. Owing apparently to a trans¬position in the MS. from which this copywas taken, the latter half of the first part ofIskandar Namah is followed, without anybreak, by the latter half of Part 2, foil. 270 b—292 a, and, vice versa, the former half ofPart 2 by the latter half of Part 1, foil.315—362.

There are eighteen miniatures, in goodPersian style, occupying about two-thirds ofa page each.

Or. 1363.Poll. 317; 11| in. by 6|; 22 lines, 4 in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in four gold-ruled columns, with six 'Unvans and gold-headings, apparently in the 16th century.

[Sir Charles Alex. Murray.]The same poems, as follows : Makhzan ul-

Asrar, fol. 3 b. Khusrau u Shirin, fol. 30 b.Laila u Majnun, fol. 106 b. Haft Paikar,fol. 162 b. Iskandar Namah, Part 1, fol. 224 b;Part 2, fol. 310 b.

The volume contains twenty-nine whole-page miniatures in Persian style.

Add. 23,547.Foil. 307 ; 10J in. by 6£; 21 lines, 4| in.

long ; written in small Nestalik, with fiveUnvans and gold-ruled margins, probably inthe 17th century. [Robert Taylor.]

The same poems, viz. Makhzan ul-Asrar,fol. 2 b. Khusrau u Shirin, fol. 31 b. Lailau Majnun, fol. 107 b. Haft Paikar, fol. 160 b.Iskandar Namah, Part 1 only, fol. 224 b.

Add. 26,145.Poll. 375; 9J in. by 6±; 21 lines, 4 in.

long, in a page; written in cursive Nestalik,

in three columns; dated Rabi' II., A.H. 1042(A.D. 1032). [Wm. Erskine.]

The same poems, viz. Makhzan ul-Asr,"ir,fol. 2 b. Khusrau u Shirin, fol. 39 b. Lailau Majnun, fol. 121 b. Haft Paikar, fol. 194 b.Iskandar-Namah, Part 1, slightly imperfectat the end, fol. 273 b.

Add. 6613.Poll. 300; lOf in. by 6; 25 lines, 3f in.

long; written in fine Nestalik, with livedouble-page 'Unvans, gold-ruled margins,and gold-headings; dated Rabi' II., A. II. 1076(A.D. 1665). [J. P. Hull.]

The same poems : Makhzan ul-Asrar, fol.1 b. Khusrau u Shirin, fol. 28 b. Laila uMajnun, fol. 90 b. Haft Paikar, fol. 138 b.Iskandar Namah, Part 1, fol. 196 b ; Part 2,fol. 264 b.

The MS. contains forty-one miniatures, infair Persian style, each of which occupiesabout two-thirds of a page.

It was written for Taja Mirza Abul-IIasanaU~s^ \jjxc by a copyist who calls him¬self l_*>^ ^1*»5I ji-y. 0,„S?

Add. 25,800.Poll. 112; 9$ in. by 6±; 21 lines, 4% i n .

long; written in fair Nestalik, with two'Unvans and gold-ruled margins, probably inthe 15th century. [ Wif. Cureton.]

This volume, which is endorsed

t/Uaij contains only the first two poems ofthe Khamsah, viz. Makhzan ul-Asrar, fol. 2 b,and Khusrau u Shirin, fol. 31 b.

At the end is impressed the seal of a courtlibrarian, ^jtj i^s 'sjjj, with the dateA.H. 934. The first page is covered with'Arz-Didahs of the time of Aurangzib.


long; written in four columns, in fine Nes-

talik, with MJnvfm,gilt headings, and gold-ruled margins; dated Jumada II., A.H. 865(A.D. 1461). Tlie broad margins are coveredwith designs of flowers and animals in goldand colours. [Wm. Cureton.J

The Makhzan ul-Asrar by Nizainl (seep. 565 a).

Copyist: ^j^tj) J* ^iLL.This celebrated calligrapher died in Herat

A.H. 919. See Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii.,Juz 3, p. 344.

There are two miniatures in fair Persianstyle at the end, and two more in unfinishedoutline at the beginning.

Add. 16,781.Poll.76 ; 7| in. by 4f; 13 lines, 2f in. long;

written in plain Indian Nestalik; datedRabi' I., A.H. 1028 (A.D. 1619). [Wm. Yule.]

The same poem.In the concluding verses A.H. 559 is given

as the date of composition (see p. 565 b).

Add. 19,500.Poll. 168; 8 in. by 5; 7 lines, 2| in. long;

written in cursive Indian Nestalik; datedMuharram, the 29th year of Aurangzib,A.H. 1097 (A.D. 1686).

The Makhzan ul-Asrar, with copious mar¬ginal notes.

In the concluding lines the poem is saidto have been completed on the 24th of Rabi'L,A.H. 582 (see p. 565 b).

(JLmo,2 Oiii> £yJ>

gyjj rj^cT J *—*—1?<

^Lij l_> Ll^S? <si"jj\

ii>!i' J 1* ^^^J

Add. 23,548.Poll. 95; 8J in. by 5J; 12 lines, 3 in.

long; written in a cursive Indian character,about the close of the 18th century.

[Robert Taylor.]The same poem.

Add. 26,149.Poll. 227; 9£ in. by 5 ; 19 lines, 3 in.

long ; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [Wm. Erskine.]

JjJiS c>A commentary upon the Makhzan ul-

Asrar.Author: Muhammad B. Kivam B. Rustam

etc., ul-Balkhi, commonly called Karkhl,

%j\j>- j±} X>*\ p^-j |»\j5 S+S?J,/f J# [JJjfcO

Beg. j\ <-r>\^j(' s£ j* (^^«*> jThe author, who states that he had pre¬

viously written glosses to the Sikandar-Namah, professes to explain in the present-work 1310 difiicult dystichs, out of 3263 ofwhich the entire poem consists. He appearsto have lived in India, and quotes a poeticalextract on Nizami's writings from the Badi'ul-Hikayat by Mughi§ ud-Din Hansavi, whomhe calls the most eminent man of the age.According to the Oude Catalogue, p. 521,the time of composition is expressed in aversified chronogram by the wordsU IU^=A.H. 1091. The present MS. mustcontain an earlier recension; for it bears onthe first page a note of purchase dated A.I I.1089.

The text breaks off fol. 216 6, shortlybefore the end of the thirteenth Makalat.

The next following leaves, foil. 217—229,contain miscellaneous extracts.

Add. 6966.Foil. 82; 7| in. by 6|; written by John

Haddon Hindley, on paper water-marked1806.

^ $

" Instructive Apologues from Nizami."This volume contains twenty short narra¬

tives, all from the Makhzan ul-Asrar, with

an English version written under the text.Another MS. by the same hand, Add. 6963,contains the English of the first elevenstories, with the same title, to which is added" by a young student."

Or. 1578.Foil. 71; 13| in. by 8| ; 19 lines, 4 in.

long; written in minute and elegant Nes-talik, in four gold-ruled columns, with goldheadings, and gilt designs on the margins;dated A.H. 952 (AJ). 1545).

[Sir Henry C. Rawllnson.JHaft Paikar by NizamI (see p. 567 a).This fine copy is the work of a known

calligrapher, who signs Shah Mahmud Nisha-puri, (j^y^j <Sf+^

Shah Mahmud of Nishapur was a pupil ofhis maternal uncle Mulla l Abdi, who washimself a pupil of the famous penman Sultfm-'Ali Mashhadi, and died about A.II. 955.Shah Mahmud, who took in verse the poeticalsurname of Mukhlis, was still alive in A.H.957. See Tuhfah i Sami, fol. 76. ShahMahmud is also mentioned in the A'in iAkbari, Blochmann's translation, p. 102.

The MS. having lost eleven leaves, viz.foil. 1, 28, 39, 40, 43, 47, 49, 51—54, whichapparently contained miniatures, they havebeen replaced by a clever imitation of theoriginal writing. We learn from a note on

O o

the first page, and from the subscription,that this was done A.H. 1264 by Ahmad KhanB/Abd ul-Husain Khan, grandson of Muham¬mad Husain Khan Sadr i A'zam Isfahan!, forthe owner of the MS., the deputy-governorFarhad Mirza, son of the heir apparent.

Harleian 503.Foil. 199; 7| in. by 5; 17 lines, 34, in.

long, in a page; written in plain Nestalikabout the close of the 16th century.

The first part of the Iskandar-Namah(see p. 568 a).

Add. 26,147.Foil. 226; 9£ in. by 5£; 15 lines, 3£ in. long ;

written in a cursive Indian character; appa¬rently in the 17th century. [Wm. Erskine.]

The same part, wanting about three leavesat the beginning.

Foil. 224—226 have been supplied byanother hand. They contain the date of

composition, JL* uit jy J-aiU gj^. ( seep. 568 b), and, at the end, the date of trans¬cription, 7 Rabi' I., A.H. 1090 (A.D. 1679).

Add. 26,146.Foil. 143 ; 9| in. by 5J; 13 lines, 2± in.

long, with 24 oblique lines in the margins ;written in Indian Nestalik; dated Kunjari,Jumada I., A.H. 1117 (A.D. 1705).

[Wm. Erskine.]The first part of the Iskandar Niirnah, with

the same date of composition, A.H. 597, asin the preceding copy.

Add. 6614.Foil. 202; 8 in. by 4^; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, probably in the17th century. [J. F. Hull.J

The same part.Some leaves at beginning and end have

been supplied by a later hand.

Add. 16,783.Foil. 162; 9 in. by 6|; 13 lines, 3| in.

long; written in a cursive Indian character,in the 18th century. [Wm. Yule.]

The same part, wanting some leaves atthe end.

Add. 26,148.Foil. 226; 9| in. by 5|; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in a cursive Nestalik, probablyin the 18th century. [Wm. Erskine.]

The same part, wanting about five leavesat the beginning.


Add. 25,799.Poll. 176; 104 in - b y 6 ? ! 20 lines > 3 a in-

long ; written in plain Nestalik; dated Surat,Zulhijjah, A.U. 1227 (A.D. 1816).

[Wm. Cureton.]The same part.This copy was written for Lieut. Rigby by

Munshi Ghulam Muhammad.

Add. 16,782. .Foil. 117; 84 in. by 54; 15 lines, 3J in.

long; written in plain Indian Nestalik, pro¬bably in the 18th century. [Wm. Yule.]

The second part of the Iskandar Namah(see p. 569 a).

Add. 7731.Foil. 57; 7| in. by 5 ; 10 lines, 2f in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, on gold-sprinkled paper, with 'Unvan, gilt headings,and gold-ruled margins, probably in the 16thcentury; bound in gilt and stamped leathercovers. [01. J. Rich.]

iixstiks*.

Select verses from the Khamsah of Nizami,with a short preface in prose.

Reg. L-^rb >s+'i£>L-^'jjt j cJjJ l-ÛÎ jU^Mawtj jlj

The verses are arranged under thirty-sevenheads according to the religious or moralsentiments they express, and under eachhead in the order of the poems from whichthey are taken.

Copyist: JySee Bibliotheca Sprengcr., No. 1176.

Add. 7730.Foil. 48; 8} in. by 54; 12 lines, 3£ in.

long, in a page; written in plain Nestalik;dated Baghdad, Safar, A.H. 1231 (A.D. 1816).

[01. J. Rich. JThe same work, without preface.This copy was written for Mr. Rich by

bis Munshi Muhammad 'All ul-Hasani ul-Lfirijanl.

Grenville xxxviii.

Foil. 39; 104 in. by 64 ; 12 lines, 3| in.long; written in a fine Nestalik, with illu¬minated borders on every leaf, apparently inthe 17th century.

Another recension of the same work.The table contained in the preface enu¬

merates thirty-five chapters, which, however,are not distinguished in the body of thework. , •

Copyist: aLftAppended is a letter of Lord Clare, dated

April 18th, 1831, from which it appears thatthe MS. had been sent to him by the ImaumMuscat.


long, in a page ; written in Indian Nestalik,on coarse Indian paper, about A.D. 1815.

[John Macdonald Kinneir.]

Sfttr* hf*The story of Khusrau and Shirin, after the

poem of Nizami (see p. 566 a), told in easyPersian prose, interspersed with poetical ex¬tracts, by Ghulam Husain Khan Munshi, î-

Beg. cw^ j fcW ^ lS-*s"6Xr,ji\ j> w \iLiA& ^l^b

The author states in a short preface thathe had written the present work at the

576 POETRY.—'ATTAR.

request of some English officers in the reignof Muhammad 'Aziz ud-Din Padishah Ghazi,A.H. 1230, A.D. 1815.

On the first page is written: " Prom Gho-lam Hussein [the author] to John MacdonaldKinneir."

Add. 16,787.Poll. 413; 9 in. by 5f; 21 lines, 3| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in four gold-ruled columns, with 'Onvans; dated Sha'biin,A.H. 1191 (A.D. 1777). [Wm. Yule.]

jUaS-

Six Masnavi poems by Parid ud-Din 'At¬tar (see p. 314 a), as follows :—

I. Pol. 3 6, jAkil jki*, "The languageof birds," an allegorical poem.

Beg. \j tri^-iT U W &->j^\. <JJU~ j sJâ, <J*r &£l

The contents have been described byHammer, Redekiinste, pp. 141—154, andJahrbucher, vol. 65, Ang. Bl. p. 5. Thetext has been edited by Garcin de Tassy,Paris, 1857, and lithographed in Lucknow,A.H. 1288.

II. Pol. 64 b, ft-\i ^T, Ilahi Namah, aSufi poem.

Beg. h^/jLpT \j »—«Ljî^jb \j i_jb

(In other copies) j\j o^*-»

See Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 357,and Stewart's Catalogue, p. 61.

III. Pol. 144 b, ,<The book ofmysteries."

Beg. ab jj>ab îb ^ybbi* jJ ^j*-

See the Oude Catalogue, p. 358, the

Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 510, and theSt. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 332.

IV. Pol. 184 5, e^-j-a«, " The book ofaffliction."

Beg. \j ul)bv J\ uUU U U ji uUb ^)j Â-i-e lib Cl*Jil-i-

(See the Oude Catalogue, p. 349, the GothaCatalogue, p. 85, and the Upsala Catalogue,p. 100, clxii., where the same work is noticedunder the title of Nuzhat Namah.

V. Pol. 277 b, j(, 3r ± , "Khusrau and Gul,"an abridgment of 'Attar's previous poem,

Jj—z"

Beg. cî-U j ^ aioT J.13JJ^j* ^ p~&>

See the Oude Catalogue, p. 352.

VI. Pol. 370 b, jtftf, " Mukhtar Na¬mah " (see p. 577 b).

Beg. J'b j> j\ »>. y J'b ^1^Jjii^jl _jJ (_^j«J>'»

Three of the above poems, viz. IlahiNamah, Mukhtar Namah, and Mantik ut-Tair, are to be found in a volume entitledKulliyat i Parid ud-Din 'Attar, lithographedin Lucknow, 1872. They occupy respectivelypp. 771—943, 946—1047, and 1050—1165.

The MS. bears the seal of Maharajah TiketRai, the Oude minister, with the date 1203.

Or. 353.Poll. 240; 13 in. by 10; 25 lines, 1\ in.

long, with two transversal lines in the mar¬gin ; written in fair Naskhi; dated Safar,A.H. 877 (A.D. 1472).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]Three poems by 'Attar, viz.:—I. Pol. 2.

yt ija.

A Masnavi poem, treating of mystic love,

POETRY.—'ATTAR. 577

and correctly described by Hammer, Rede-kiinste, p. 154, and by Sprenger, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 351, as a rhapsody full of the mosttedious repetitions.

The Jauhar uz-Ziit occupies pp. 2—582 inthe Lucknow edition of the Kullivat. Seew

also Stewart's Catalogue, p. 60, the ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 518, and Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 351.

The present copy wants five pages at thebeginning, corresponding to pp. 2—8 of theprinted text, and two pages at the end, cor¬responding to pp. 686—770. The deficiencyat the beginning has been supplied, in ap¬pearance only, by foil. 2 and 3, written by amodern hand in imitation of the originalcharacter, and containing the beginning ofthe Ilahi Namah (p. 576 a, ii.).

This poem, the title of which occurs in thefollowing line, fol. 191 a,jb } s- Jko£ jllsfrcj^, is also designated more than once bythe name of Javahir Namah, as in this line,Lucknow edition, p. 581:

j J 1* f'-^ j^y?

II. Foil. 200—234 a. The latter half ofthe Hailaj Namah, , a Masnavi poem.

The Hailaj Namah occupies pp. 583—770of the Lucknow edition, where it beginsthus:

}-t*/taiHh? *aJ )M

The present fragment corresponds to pp.686—770. The poem treats of the absorp¬tion of the soul into the Divine essence, andis a complement to the Jauhar uz-Zat, in theconclusion of which it is announced. Hailaj,which is, according to the Burhan Kati 1, aGreek word meaning " water of life," is herean arbitrary alteration of the name of thefamous mystic, Mansur tlallaj, whom 'Attarintroduces in the prologue as the revealer ofdivine mysteries, and to whose inspiration

VOL. II.

the poem is by him ascribed. Thus we read,pp. 599 and 600:

jr^ -5*- J^J*»\ l_,fl .-^Ll-O iJwuJ \jC

zt-tr* ijr*^^ jJ* 'f*y*^^L>- jy&ki* liîi |«—J^* -

^Jofe jliT c*—«USee "Hellaj Nameh," Stewart's Catalogue,p. 60.

III. Foil. 4—234, in the margins, andfoil. 234 5—240, in the body of the page.

&J!> J^k*>A collection of Ruba'is (see p. 576 b), with

a prose-preface, foil. 2—15.In the preface, which wants a few lines at

the beginning, the author enumerates hisprevious works, apparently in the order ofcomposition, viz. Khusrau Namah, AsrarNamah, Mantik ut-Tair, Musibat Namah,and a Divan. They are designated as follows :

_j CL*£jf jS>^> ^Sl& t}\jjmb- (JL^LL* yy>-

cA«Uu <j\&j* {j^j} j ^ j SS Jm

côa-a* Oâ* j &x»>j J.<*^ \j »ai»U

{ "\*» mV-^ J O^îîS Ll^.^ j iJ*- ft* 1

JjiM ^' p.J\ jJ>jt

jli j» jjljJ _j iJJ* Si &>\* (»^j>* ^ t^\tiyu jut

ON-'b i\j

He adds that the Divan had not yet beenproperly arranged, and that the six thousandRuba is which it comprised had been reducedby him to five thousand, out of which hemade, at the request of some friends, thepresent selection. The preface concludeswith a table of the fifty sections (Bab) intowhich, the work is divided. See Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, p. 353.

Add. 7735.Foil. 208; H in - 6 i > 11 lines » 3 in -

long; written in fair Nestalik on gold-sprinkled paper, with 'Unvan and gold-ruledmargins, probably in the 16th century.

[01. J. Rich.]u

Mantik ut-Tair (see p. 576 a, i.).The volume contains nine whole-page

miniatures in Persian style.According to a note written on the first

page, and dated A.H. 1117, this MS. hadbeen the property of Allah Verdi Khan, thelate Beglerbegi of Shir van.

Or. 1227.Poll. 165; 6 in. by 4£; 15 lines, 2\ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, apparently inthe 16th century. [Alexandre Jaba.]

The same poem.Seven leaves at the beginning and five at

the end have been supplied by later hands.Some additional verses at the end give the

date of composition, A.H. 573, as follows:lj ,'**>\ ^ " —3 ^ \ vttt &m> jj j

sl_* jl iiwJ fjijjj ^.iL.ju. >J'.**> &l£>ASo<u»» j iSVjLftJb j S^a^—>.

J}L_^ /a Jj_-» ; £,U3 j ^

Add, 16,788.Poll. 149; 9 in. by 5^; 14 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Muharram,A.H. 1051 (A.D. 1641). [Wm. Yule.]

The same work.The date of composition at the end is

A.H. 570:JL»^ f.i i>y aUfo _j

Jj-*-j fe^-3 j r-»Harleian 3285.

Foil. 178; 9 in. by 6; 15 lines, 2| in.long; written in Indian Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century.

The same poem.

Add. 7089.Foil. 148; 8J in. by 5; 12 lines, 2 in.

long, in a page, with 26 half-lines round themargins, in continuation of each page;written in Indian Nestalik, with 'Unvfin andgold-ruled margins, apparently in the 17thcentury.

Ilahi Namah (see p. 576 a, ii.).The usual beginning is preceded by four

couplets, the first of which is:£s*<uJ\jj (jiiLLo ailiT Jjje^J^l (jiai Jap iji.su>£

At the end are found twenty additionaldistichs beginning thus:

d i_>~^ i_s^

Or. 332.Poll. 185; 9% in. by 6£; 25 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in small Nestalik, in fourcolumns, with three 'Unvans and gold-ruledmargins; dated Balkh, A.H. 1000—1004(A.D. 1592—1596).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]Three Masnavi poems by 'Attar, as fol¬

lows:—

I. Pol. 2 b. Ilahi-Namah (see p. 576 a, ii.).

II. Pol. 67 b. Musibat-Namah (sec p.576 b, iv.).

III. Pol. 150 b. Asrar-Namah (see p.576 a, iii.)

Add. 7736.Poll. 172; S£ in. by 6; 15 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Naskhi, in two columns;dated Sha'ban, A.H. 968 (A.D. 1532).

[CI. J. Rich.]

Two Masnavi poems by 'Attar, as fol¬lows :—

I. Pol. 2 b.

&*Xi jzJ*\

Ushtur-Namah, or the Book of the Camel.

POETRY.-'ATTAE. 579

Be g- $ J* j} \<&i\AjJSA £>\*>

The poem has in the present copy the

heading ^ but its realtitle occurs in the following line, fol. 21 a :

\j ^LS j udo j\ j^" 5t 7^ J*j $ <J <S>/

It treats of mystic love, and its name isderived from a comparison of the yearningsoul with the pilgrim's camel represented aslonging for the Ka'bah. In the introduction'Attar mentions some of his previous works,namely Mantik ut-Tair, Muslbat Namah,Khusrau u Gul, and Ilahi-Namah, addingthat, although these had been circulated, thepresent work was to he kept secret. Seethe Oude Catalogue, p. 352, and the LeydenCatalogue, vol. ii. p. 114.

II. Pol. 130 a.

cJ^j" Vaslat-Namah, or the Book of Union," a

Sufi poem.

Beg. r l_J_j pijJ

j\=r J £i J (>-» J ^* J^-The title of the poem is found in the fol¬

lowing line, fol. 132 b :

\j «*U c*lo } j*j y j£See the Oude Catalogue, p. 355.

Add. 6621.Foil. 74; 121 in. by 7£; 25 lines, 4| in.

long, in a page; written in four columnsin small and fair Nestalik, with TJnvan andgold-ruled margins, probably in the 17thcentury. [J. F. Hull.]

^

" The theatre of marvels," a Sufi poem byAttar.

Beg. W V W V j> u>j\ c^ 1^Vjj 3 \j\&A tl*-Jb »£>\j

The title of the work, which is given inthe following line of the prologue, fol. 3 a,

ei~*0w>T ^*>}J> ^ *?^» y£

e^%~»A*T t-^-i^r j*» jv*3*

alludes to 'AH, the true " theatre of marvels,"to whom the poem is dedicated:

C^>*»\ i^k>}jS' ^j^b*\" j;*- j\ ^l^5l«*» ^L*jii

j\ pUjJ C-^/ yjl ^/ ffr-j\ J.U. j\ L^aL-*

In the same passage the author refers thereader to several of his previous works,namely Jauhar uz-Zat, Ushtur-Namah, Man¬tik ut-Tair, Asrar Namah, Musibat-Namah,Kliusrau u Gul, Ilahi-Namah, Pand-Namah,and Tazkirat ul-Auliya. See the OudeCatalogue, p. 353.

This MS. has been evidently detachedfrom a larger volume. It is folioed withArabic figures from 77 to 149, and atthe end is a separate leaf numbered 558,containing the concluding part of a poemprobably due to the same author. It treatsof the feelings of a true devotee, and thelast section begins thus:

Ju ,j\ j ei**^ (j-^ &*i

r Jj^s ^JLfJU* jThe first page bears the Persian seal of

Archibald Swinton, with the date 1174.

Sloane 3588.Foil. 94; 8 in. by 5|; 19 lines, 2g in.

long; written in a cursive Turkish character;dater Zulhijjah, A.H. 1083 (A.D. 1673).

I. Foil. 1—24. jUac **U A*}The " book of advice," or moral precepts

in Masnavi rhyme, by Farid ud-Din 'Attar.


Beg. \j dJb J\ Am- ^>\j uiMfc JLLi ata U W3

This is the most popular of the poems of'Attar. It has heen repeatedly printed inCalcutta, Lahore, Bulak, and Constantinople.It has heen edited by J. H. Hindley, London,1809, and translated into French by S. deSacy, Paris, 1819, and into German byG. H. P. Nesselmann.

II. Foil. 25—94 A Turkish commentaryon the above work by Sham'I. See Haj.Khal., vol. ii. p. 68.

Sloane 3264.Poll. 221; 12 in. by 7; 12 lines, 4 in.

long; written on one side of the paper, inlarge Naskhi, about the beginning of the18th century.

The Pand-Namah of 'Attar, with a Latintranslation by Salomon Negri. See theArabic Catalogue, p. 335.

Add. 7734.Poll. 52; 7f in. by 5f; 9 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Turkish Naskhi; datedShavval, A.H. 1193 (A.D. 1779).

[01. J. Rich.]The same work, with Turkish glosses.

Harleian 5447.Poll. 60; 6$ in. by A\ ; 15 and 17 lines,

3 in. long; written in a Turkish hand, appa¬rently in the 17 th century.

I. Poll. 1 5—29 b. The Pand-Namah of'Attar (see p. 579 b).

II. Poll. 31 a— 60 b.A translation of the above in Turkish

verse.

Beg. fj^ (^-i '«*-*-^^VJaLi j £>.*o

The translator, whose name does notappear, states in the introduction, fol. 32 b,that he had written this version in obedienceto the behest of his benefactor, the PadishahBayazid B. Sulaimiin Khan.

On the fly-leaf is a short notice of thePand Namah written in Latin by SalomonNegri.

Add. 6960.Poll. 133; 10^ in. by 8; 15 lines in a

page; written by the Rev. John HaddonHindley on paper water-marked 1802.

I. Poll. 5—34. The Turkish version ofthe Pand-Namah [transcribed from the pre¬ceding MS.]

II. Poll. 35—44. Collation of three co¬pies of the Persian Pand-Namah, namelyHarleian 5447, Harleian 5464, and Sloane3264.

III. Poll. 45—109. The Pand-Namah,[transcribed from Sloane 3264], with Englishglosses.

IV. Poll. 110—133. Glossary to theTurkish version, and alphabetical list ofwords occurring in the Persian text.

Prefixed to the volume, foil. 1—4, areSylvestre de Sacy's notices on the Pand-Namah and the Bulbul-Namah, translatedinto English.

Or. 473.Poll. 361; 8§ in. by 6; 17 lines, 3^ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins; dated Rabi' II.,A.H. 1007 (A.D. 1598).


JV*^The Divan of Kamal Isfahani.

Beg. liitol wL>j l^W y> JA-«I->tai! ^,1^ jO \j ^jjib u^ili

POETRY.—A.H. 600—700. 581

Kama! ud-Dln Isma'il, surnamed, on ac¬count of the fertility of his fancy, Khallak ul-Ma'ani, or M the great inventor of concetti,"was the son of a poet of note, Jamal ud-DinMuhammad B. Abd ur-Razzak Isfahani, whodied, according to Taki Kashani, A.H. 588.He was, like his father, a panegyrist of thenoble Said family, especially of Rukn ud-Din Sa'id B. Mas'ud, the Sadr of Isfahan.He perished, according to Daulatshah, in ageneral slaughter of the inhabitants of Is¬fahan by the Moghul army under Oktai Ka'an,A.H. 635. His death is placed, however,by the Mirat ul-'Alam, fol. 691, in A.H. 639,and by the Khukisat ul-Afkar, fol. 229, inA.H. 628. Other notices will be found inthe Guzldah, fol. 242, Baharistan, fol. 67,Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 190, HaftIklim, fol. 356, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 356,and Atashkadah, fol. 80. See also Hammer,Redekiinste, p. 156, and Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 454.

This Divan, which is not alphabeticallyarranged, contains Kasidahs and Kit'ahs,fol. 2 b, Ghazals, fol. 300 a, and Rubais,fol. 344 b.

Some Kasidahs in the early part of theDivan are addressed to the following sove¬reigns: Sultan 'Ala ud-Din Tukush, whoreigned in Irak from A.H. 590 to 596, andhis grandsons Jalal ud-Din (A.H. 621—628)and Ghiyas. ud-Din, the Atabak Sa'd B.Zingi (A.H. 599—623), and his successorAbu Bakr B. Sa'd (A.H. 623—658), lastly theIspahbad Hasan of Mazandariin. Most of thelaudatory poems are in praise of the abovementioned Sadr, Rukn ud-Din Sa'id.

Add. 18,414.Foil. 443; 8| in. by 4|; 15 lines, 2f in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins; dated Ramazan, A.H.1029 (A.D. 1620). [Wm. Yule. J

The same Divan.

Add. 7092.Poll. 312; 9| in. by 5£; 19 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins; dated Shavval, A.H.1036 (A.D. 1627).

The same Divan.This copy contains only fourteen RubiVis.Copyist: ^..^

Add. 7748.Foil. 365; 9| in. by 5£; 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, probably in the17th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

The same Divan, wanting the first page.This copy contains a more copious text

than any of the preceding. It is furnishedthrough the first half with headings.

The last page of the MS. contains recordsof the birth of the owner's children, theearliest of which is dated A.H. 1043.

Or. 287.Foil. 174; 9\ in. by 6; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins; dated Muharram, A.H.1007 (A.D. 1598). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

c-ftA-J

Divan of Saif ud-Din Isfarangi.

Beg. u^y- u!}**' 'i&fj'S ^>)}])]) <^Z>\l^jW** "Hi^-iA-S

The poet's native place Isfarang, or Isfarah,is, according to Amin Razi, a hilly tract ninefarsangs to the south-west of Marghinan.As to the period in which he lived there isa wide divergence in the statements ofbiographers. Daulatshah says that heflourished in the reign of Ilarslan B. AtsizKhwarazm Shah (A.H. 551—567). He isfollowed by the Haft Iklim, fol. 599, and

582 POETRY.—A.II. 600—700.

also by the authors of the Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 206, and the Khulfisat ul-Afkar, fol. 206,who place Saif ud-Din's death in A.H. 573and 583. On the other hand, Taki Kaski,Oude Catalogue, p. 17, states that he wasborn A.H. 581 and died A.H. 666. We readin the Atashkadah, fol. 147, in agreementwith the last writer, that Saif ud-Din ofIsfarang, surname d al-A'raj, or the lame,grew up in Khwarazm, attended in his youththe court of Sultan Muhammad B. Tukush(A.H. 596—617), and died A.H. 666, at theage of eighty-five years. See also Hammer,Redekiinste, p. 123, and Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 561.

The evidence of the Divan is altogether infavour of the later date ; for it containspoems addressed to 'Ala ud-Din MuhammadKhwarazm Shah, and designating him bythe title of Sanjar, a surname which theSultan assumed in consequence of his victoryover the Kara Khitais, A.H. 606 (D'Ohsson,Histoire des Mongols, vol. i. p. 182). Thereare also Kasidahs in praise of Nizam ul-MulkMuhammad B. Salih, who was Vazir to thesame Sultan during the latter part of hisreign, A.H. 606—613 (see Habib us-Siyar,vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 183), and of Kutb ud-DinMir 'Amid Habash, who was at the head ofthe government of Mavara un-Nahr underChaghatai Khan and his successors, KaraHuliigu and Bisu-Munga, A.H. 617—619(see Jahankushai, fol. 81, and Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 1, p. 46).

The Divan contains Kasidahs and someTarji'-bands arranged according to subjects,and a few Ruba'is at the end. Copies arementioned in the St. Petersburg Catalogue,p. 330, and in the Bibliotheca Sprenger,No. 1514.

Add. 7790.Foil. 283; 9f in. by 5$; 17 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the16th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

Another collection of the poems of SaifIsfarangi, richer than the preceding, endorsed

CJjJu*) (^.dil joLaa)\ »jjJ

Beg. ^ JijJ\ ^ j\ i_j\jf" iSjtoy ye

j' 1 J ^ £>j)6 iCfli-

Contents: Kasidahs, fol. 1 b. Mukatta'at,fol. 207 a. Ghazals, fol. 247 a. Ruba'is,fol. 269 a.

Add. 7766.Foil. 109; 10 in. by 6f; 21 lines, 5 J in.

long ; written in four columns in small Per¬sian Naskhi; dated Zulka'dah, A.H. 863(A.D. 1459). [CI. J. Rich.]

&-uo j &i>iiS' i^AiS'

A poetical version of the book of Kalilahand Dimnah, in the epic metre, the authorof which is called in the heading and in thesubscription, Ahmad B. Mahmud ut-Tusi,known as Kani'i, J3 ^L^\ ^

i/^S*Beg. »*<wj M' 3*p

ul?j j*-** >*±yyThe work was composed for a king called

Ka'us, to whom a few laudatory verses areaddressed at the end of each section. Heis designated as the sovereign of Rum, andthe worthy successor of Kaikhusrau andKaikubad.

'Izz ud-Din Kaika'us, who is here meant,succeeded as the eldest son to his fatherKaikhusrau, at the time of the Moghulinvasion of Asia Minor, A. H. 642, andcarried on for about twenty years a fitfulrule under the control of the Moghul sove¬reigns, and in a state of constant struggleOo

with his brother Rukn ud-Din Kilij Arslan,with whom he had to divide the kingdom.Ousted at last by the latter he repaired toConstantinople, and was shortly after, A.H.662, confined by the emperor Michael Paleo-

POETRY.—A.H. GOO—700. 583

logus in the castle of iEnos. He was subse¬quently released by thcMoghul BerekaiKhan,and obtained from him a principality in theCrimea, where he died A.H. 678. See Abul-faraj, Historia Dynastiarum, pp. 319—332,Abulfeda, vol. v. p. 11, D'Ohsson, Histoiredes Mongols, vol. hi. pp. 92, 479, and Ham¬mer, Geschichte der Goldenen Horde, pp.174—181.

The author gives in the prologue, fol. 8 b,a brief account of his career. He lived, hesays, in Khorasan in joy and comfort, amatchless poet sought after by all,

w^lr" ^Jjj w'^ W LJ ^ j jli |»L$iS^j jail* ^jji

0^x> fjut Ps^.y*- ai" ijj) Joi

when the Moghuls overran the country,shedding blood by torrents, and drove theKhwarazm Shah in wild flight to the sea ofMazandaran (A.H. 617). Having escapedto India, he took ship to 'Adan, and, aftervisiting Medina and the holy shrines ofMecca, and passing through Baghdad, herepaired to Rum, where " in his distress hisheart was rejoiced by the sight of the sove¬reign of the world, Kaikubad " (A.H. 616—634):

atf. c^i/ Jty ^ JtjiliUiu^ ^l—f?- »L\ >

He became his panegyrist, lived, thanksto his bounty, in great opulence, and com¬posed a poetical record of the dynasty, en¬titled Saljuk Namah, the bulk of which wasnot much less than a camel's load. He en¬joyed also the favour of Kaikubad's glorioussuccessor, Kaikhusrau (A.H. 634—641).

The poet says in two other passages, foil.95 a, 108 a, that he had, during forty years,celebrated the praises of three sovereigns ofthe house of Saljuk (Kaikubad, Kaikhusrau,and Kaika'us), that his poems filled thirtyvolumes, and amounted to about threehundred thousand distichs:

yUj ^ti/yl^ £j? yjj.|L>}jli yjjfl

CJ

uisLi A< ( .-r r o .

j^c j 8U (-dliiy XS tjfjj-M w

tir i.*u t f> li}_J LiL*.>J^S—i..C) ^.xAa^Li

pUJ jsi>l_j J Li J— <fr LiL*(.1 u l_J i_JJ _s^* > ^.U* a/

w LfcLi AJ j-1iZ-t-f j jj~*f jUJL^

ti;^* > J._L_S? ^ 4>y_J

j A—J.L^ \j_ »T s£=>jj> crj&}L.J. tir -« jljk_fl_^ jJU *.£

> Ajwa^^o -> u 1If, therefore, the arrival of Kani'I at the

court of Kaikubad took place, as appearsprobable, in A.H. 618, the composition ofthe present work must be placed about A.H.658.

The author's name is preceded in the

heading by the pompous titles ^f°^3> and in the subscription he is

called 1**^ j till*. He was stillliving in Kuniyah A.H. 672; for he is men¬tioned by Aflaki, the author of Manakib ul-•Arifin, Add. 25,025, fol. 142, who calls himAmir Baha ud-Din Kanil Malik ush-Shu'ara,as one of those who paid a last tribute to thesaint Maulana Jalal ud-Din Rumi, deceasedin that year. He may be identical with aKani'i called like him Baha, ud-Din Ahmad,and also entitled Malik ush-Shu'ara, who ismentioned in the Gotha Catalogue, p. 68, asthe author of a KaMs Namah. The latter,however, is designated as Kazaruni, or nativeof Kazarun, while our author came fromKhorasan.

The prologue of Kani'i treats at consider¬able length of the virtues and accomplish¬ments which befit a king, of each of which theauthor shows his royal master to be the true

*

584 POETRY.—A.H. 600—700.

paragon. An easy transition to NushirvFm, thetraditional pattern of a just and wise ruler,introduces, fol. 9 b, the main subject of thework. At his court appears an Indianenvoy bringing the tribute of his country.Questioned by Nushirvan about a wonderfulherb said to grow in India and to give eternallife to those who eat it, he explains its truenature. The herb is but an emblem of thebook of wisdom which the kings of Indiakeep as a sacred heirloom in their treasury."He entreats the king, however, not to betrayto his master that he has disclosed his secret.Here follows, fol. 10 b, a detailed accountof Barzuyah's mission to India, and of themeans by which he succeeded in obtaininga copy of the precious book.

The work proper begins on fol. 13 a withthe rubric ^-xh sijV w\s-»b jThe first section contains the life of Barzii-yah, the physician, as told by himself, anddrawn up by Buzurjmihr. The nature andarrangement of the remainder of the contentswill appear from the following headings:The ox and the lion, fol. 17 a. Damnah andthe lion, fol. 20 a. The lion repents killingthe ox, fol. 40 a. The merchant's wife, theparrot, the slave, and the men of Balkh, fol.49 a. The pigeon with a collar, fol. 50 b.The worldly friends, j; x >\ (the crowsand the owls), fol. 61 b. The ape and thetortoise, c-Sj, j ^ fol. 74 a. Thehermit and the weasel, \ yM \J 3 fol.78 b. The mouse and the cat, fol. 80 a.The king and the bird Kabrah, tj J 5 cLU*,fol. 83 b. The lion and the jackal, fol. 87 a.The lion, the jackal, and the huntsman, fol.93 a. The hermit and the traveller, fol. 97 a.The dream of the king of India, fol. 97 a.The snake, the ape, the leopard, and the well,

• A similar answer is recorded in the prefaceof NasrUllah's Persian version,where it is put in the mouth ofa Brahman in India. See Notices et Extraits, vol. x.p. 107.

fol. 102 a. The king's son and his com¬panions, fol. 103 a.

The arrangement is very similar to that ofthe Persian version of Nasr Ullah. Butthe author does not give any information asto the original which he had followed. Hemerely says that he was turning prose intoverse:

ii/jWf ^ ^ \j>\*/" S-> f» J ] ^

Add. 27,263.Poll. 417; 13| in. by 9; 17 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in four gold-ruled columns, with rich 'Unvans and giltheadings, apparently in the 16th century.Bound in stamped leather.

[Sir John Malcolm.]

ci*5j ^JJ\ J&sr Wye L?y£*

The Magnavl of Jalal ud-Dln Rumi.

Beg. sl'Ci* C-o.K*- u ^=- j\ } 'iJuiJo5ow> O—j j

Mauhvna Jalal ud-DIn Muhammad EiimT,the founder of the order of Darvishes calledafter him Maulavis, is by general consentthe greatest of the Sufi poets of Persia.His life forms the main subject of Manakibul-'Arifm (see p. 344 b), from which thefollowing particulars are extracted. He wasborn in Balkh on the sixth of Rata 1 L, A.H.604, and died in Kuniyah on the fifth ofJumada II., A.H. 672. His father, Muham¬mad B. ul-Husain ul-Khatibi ul-Bakrl (adescendant of the Khalif Abu Bakr), com¬monly called Baha ud-Din Valad, son ofa daughter of Sultan 'Ala ud-Din B.Khwarazm Shah, had acquired by his learn¬ing and his religious character so muchinfluence in Balkh as to rouse the jealousyof the Sultan, and was obliged in consequenceto leave his native city. He proceeded with

POETRY.—JALAL UD-DIN RUMI. 585

his son Jalal ud-Din, who was then fiveyears old, hy way of Baghdad to Mecca,from thence to Malatiyah, where he stayedfour years, and to Larindah, where hosojourned seven years. Subsequently, yield¬ing to the instances of the Sultan of Rum,'Ala ud-Din Kaikubad, he settled in the royalresidence, Kuniyah, where he died on the18th of RabV II., A.11. 628.

After Baha ud-Dln's death Jalal ud-Dinreceived his spiritual instruction from Say-yid Burhan ud-Din Tirmizi, a disciple of hisfather, who joined him in Kuniyah in A.H.G29, and, afterwards, from a wandering Sufi,Shams ud-Din Tabriz!, who from A.II. 642 tohis death in A.H. 645, was Jalal ud-Dln'sconstant companion, and whose name thepoet adopted, as a Takhallus, in his Ghazals.In the latter part of his life Maulana wasworshipped as a saint by a crowd of devoteddisciples, and was treated with the utmostregard by the Moghul governor, Mu'in ud-Din Parvanah, who was at that time thevirtual ruler of the Saljuki empire. Theonly son who survived him was Baha ud-Din, better known as Sultan Valad, bornA.n. 623, who became, ten years after hisfather's death, the head of the Maulavis, anddied A.H. 712.

Other notices will be found in Nafahat ul-Uns, p. 530 (translated in Mines de l'Orient,vol. vi. p. 429), Daulatshah, fol. 96, Habibus-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 1, p. 66, Majalis ul-Muminln, fol. 330, Haft Iklim, fol. 235,Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 400, and Atashkadah,fol. 142. See also Ouseley, Notices, p. 112,Hammer, Redekiinste, p. 163, Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, p. 489, and George Rosen'sMesnewi, preface, pp. 13—26.

The Masnavi, or, as it is often called oryo*usy-*-*> the " Spiritual Masnavi," is " thefavourite text book of the Sufis. It is a vast,and somewhat rambling, collection of moralprecepts and religious reflexions, with com¬ments on texts from the Coran, and sayings

VOL. II.

of the Prophet, illustrated by numerousanecdotes.

Chalabi Husam ud-Din, whom the authoraddresses by name in several passages ofthe Masnavi, was his favourite disciple. Hisproper name was Hasan B. Muhammad B.Akhi Turk. He had been appointed Khall-fah after the death of Salah ud-Din Zarkubin A.H. 657, and remained for ten years, fromthe decease of Maulana to his own death,which took place A.H. 383, the acknowledgedhead of the order. Husam ud-Din had nosmall share in the production of the poem.It was he who, having noticed with howmuch delight the disciples read the Magnavisof Sana'i and Earld ud-Din Attar, suggestedto his master the composition of a poemsimilar to the Ilfihi Namah of Sana'i (sic),but in the measure of the Mantik ut-Tair of'Attar, and who, when Maulana carried outthat idea, wrote down the poem from hismaster's dictation, reading it aloud to himafter each sitting, and correcting the text.The work was interrupted during two years, inconsequence of the death of Husam ud-Din'swife; but it was resumed, as stated at the begin¬ning of Daftar II., in A.H. 662, and continuedto the end. See Manfikib ul-'Arifin, fol. 176.

The poem, which is divided into six bookscalled Daftars, has been the text of manycommentaries enumerated by Haj. Khal.,vol. v. p. 375. It has been repeatedlyprinted in the East, viz. in Bombay, A.H.1262, 1266, 1273, 1280, and 1294, in Luck-now, A.H. 1282, in Tabriz, A.H. 1264, inBulak, with a Turkish translation, A.H.1268, and in Constantinople, A.n. 1289.The contents have been stated by Hammer,Jahrbiicher, vol. 65, Anz. Blatt, pp. 7—26.Portions have been translated into Germanverse by M. V. Hussard, Mines de l'Orient,vol. ii. p. 162, etc., and by George Rosen,Leipzig, 1849. A version in English verse,by J. W. Redhouse, Esq., is being preparedfor publication.

x

580 POETRY.—JALAL UD-DIN RUMI.

In the present copy the six Daftars beginrespectively on foil. 2 b, 69 b, 131 b, 212 b,275 b, and 347 b. A rich border enclosingthe beginning of the poem contains thefollowing lines in its praise :

^jy° ^-"^ ^

^j-*** t-**y |' ^jb^j^ w v

* . • *(_f_J-)_J-* —■*—

The volume contains nineteen whole-pageminiatures, in fair Persian style.

Add. 26,151.Poll. 471; 0i in. by 5£; 21 lines, 2^ in.

long, and 20 lines in the margin; written inNestalik, in two gold-ruled columns, with'Unvans, apparently in the 16th century.

[Wm. Erskine.]The same poem.This copy contains short prose prefaces to

the several Daftars. Those of the first, third,and fourth are in Arabic, the others in Per¬sian. They are to be found on foil. 2 6, 73 b,138 b, 235 b, 301 b, and 383 b.

At the end of Daftar IV. is a subscriptionstating that the MS. had been written nearthe shrine of the holy Shah of Ghaznl CJjiJ>tjM ^yJiii' J>js- sUi eJ>3j , by Sayyid KabTrB. Sayyid Raja B. Husaini.

On the first page are the Persian seal andthe signature of Edward Galley.

Or. 1211.Poll. 506; 10£ in. by 6; 27 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in a large and cursive Persiancharacter, in two columns, probably earlyin the 15th century. [Alex. Jaba.]

The Masnavi, with the prose prefaces.The six Daftars begin respectively on foil.1 b, 80 b, 154 a, 248 b, 324 b, and 409 b.

Poll. 1—5, and 502—506, have been sup¬plied by a later hand.

Or. 1364.Poll. 313 ; 12J in. by 8; 23 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in small and neat Nestalik,in four gold-ruled columns, with six 'Unvans;dated Rajah, A.H. 982 (A.D. 1574). Boundin stamped leather covers.

[Sir Chas. Alex. Murray.]The Masnavi, with the prefaces, beginning

respectively on foil. 3 b, 50 b, 94 b, 150 b,107 b, and 254 b.

Add. 26,153.Foil. 205 ; 111 in - b y Q \ I 17 lines > 2 i in -

long, with 32 lines in the margins ; writtenin Nestalik, A.H. 1043 (A.D. 1633).

[Wm. Erskine.]Daftars I.—III. of the Masnavi.The MS. was written, according to the

subscription, by Ilahyar for Minuchihr Beg.

Add. 16,767.Poll. 318; 12i in. by 8£ ; 23 lines, 4| in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four gold-ruled columns, with six 'Unvans; datedA.H. 1049 (A.D. 1639); bound in stampedand gilt leather. [Wm. Yule.]

The same work, with three prefaces, viz.those of Daftar II., fol. 52 b, Daftar V., fol.205 b, and Daftar VI., fol. 258 b.

Egerton 1107.Poll. 362 ; 14£ in. by 9|-; 21 lines, in.

long ; written in cursive Indian Nestalik,in four columns ; dated Jumada II., A.H.1077 (A.D. 1666). [Adam Clarke.]

The Masnavi, with the same prefaces as inthe preceding copy.

The copyist, Muhammad Shafi 1, describeshimself as tutor to the son of Paridun Beg,Vakiah-Navis to Amir Khan, Subahdiir ofKabul.

POETRY.—JALAL UD-DIN RUMI.

Add. 7740.Poll. 241 ; 14-i in. by 1\ ; 31 lines, 4| in.

long; written in Ncstalilc, in four columns;dated Shahjahanabad, Zulka'dah, A.H. 1077(A.D. 1667). [Cl. J. Rich.]

The Masnavi, with all the prefaces butthat of Daftar I.

The transcriber, &U1 <JU+*3 <*-»* !*^y^*, states in the subscription that he hadwritten this copy for Mir Muhammad Vazih,son of Iradat Khan.

At the end of Daftar IV. it is stated thatthe text had been corrected, A.II. 1083,on the copy of Shah lAbd ul-Fattiih Gujrati,who had collated a large number of MSS.

Add. 5605.Poll. 324; ll£ in. by 7 ; 22 lines, 4^ in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four columns ;dated Rain L, A.H. 1082, the 13th year of[Aurangzib's] reign (A.D. 1671).

[N. Brassey Halhed.]The Masnavi. The prefaces of Daftars

II.—VI. have been added by another hand.

Add. 5606.Poll. 434 ; 10± in. by 6f; 19 lines, 2f

in. long, in a page, with 32 half-lines inthe margin, in continuation of each page;written in two columns, in common IndianNestalik ; dated Babi' I., A.H. 1185 (A.D.1771).

The same poem. [N. Brassey Halhed.]

Add. 26,152.Poll. 583; 10 in. by 6| ; 21 lines, 5 in.

long ; written in Nestalik, in four gold-ruledcolumns ; dated the 24th year of Aurangzib(A.H. 1091-2, A.D. 1680-1).

[Wm. Erskine.J

587

The Masnavi, with the prefaces of Daf¬tars IV. and VI., and copious notes writtenpartly in the margins, partly on insertedslips.

Add. 16,769.Poll. 229; 9 in. by 5£; 17 lines, 2| in.

long, with 30 lines in the margins; writtenin small Nestalik, in two columns ; datedUjjain, Malvah, Rabi* II., A.H. 1093 (A.D.1682.) [Wm. Yule.]

Daftars III—V. of the Masnavi, with thefirst five folios of Daftar VI. Daftar III.wants sixteen folios at the beginning.

Add. 25,802.Foil. 275 ; Hi in. by 6| | 25 lines, 4f in.

long; written in Naskhi, in four gold-ruledcolumns, with 'Unvans, probably in the 17 thcentury. [Wm. Cureton.]

The Masnavi, with all the prefaces butthat of Daftar V.

Add. 16,768.Poll. 255; 13 in. by 7f; 27 lines, 4f in.

long; written in cursive Indian Nestalik, infour columns; apparently in the 18th century.

[Wm. Yule.]The Masnavi, with the prefaces, and mar¬

ginal additions.According to a Persian note on fol. 1, this

MS. was bought in Jainagar, A.H. 1203.

Or. 1214.Poll. 24; 9 in. by 7; 21 lines, 4f in. long;

written on four columns in small Nestalik,probably in the 18th century.

[Alexandre Jaba.]The seventh Daftar of the Masnavi, with

a prose preface.Beg. {j>^

<±>j<> j-> CjJl-> »0>iA-> Cl^Jj^x 2

588 POETRY.—JALAL

This seventh Daftar, which has beenprinted at the end of the Bulak edition, wasfirst brought to light, A.H. 1035, by a com¬mentator of the Masnavi, Ismail Dadah(Rusukh ud-Din Isma'il B. Ahmad ul-Anki-ravi), who gave out that he had found it in acopy dated A.H. 814, and who stood out forits genuineness, which, however, was gene¬rally disbelieved. See Ilaj. Khal. vol. v.]). 377, Hammer Rcdokiinste, p. 167, andFliigel, Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 518.

Copyist: «aL» ^ i_i>j*

Add. 14,051.Foil. 508 ; 11 in. by 6$; 21 lines, 4f in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedMuharram, A.H. 1081 (A.D. 1670).

Jy^V>^ Jl^WjAj*The first volume of a commentary on the

Masnavi, by Husain B. Hasan, ^Beg. oA^i j ^ '*> j Co^P j .x*»-The author, whose full name is Kamal ud-

Din Husain B. Hasan Khwiirazmi, has beenalready mentioned, p. 144 b. He states inthe preface that he had, from his youthupwards, eagerly studied the Masnavi, andthat he was constantly consulted by thelearned as to its meaning. He had alreadywritten on that subject a work entitled

jyj jjULs^, and was at lengthinduced by his friends' prayers, as well as bythe desire of the ruler of Khwarazm, to write afuller commentary, the present work. Hefrequently mentions, as still living, hisspiritual guide Khwajah Abu'l-Vafa (a cele¬brated Sufi, who died A.H. 835; see Nafaliatul-Uns, p. 499, and Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii.,Juz 3, p. 144). The work is mentioned byHaj. Khal. vol. v. pp. 375, 376, and Spren-ger, Oude Catalogue, p. 493.

Contents: Preface, fol. 1 b. Ten pre-

UD-DIN RUMI.

liniinary discourses, as follows:—1. On thegreat Sufis from 'All to Jalal ud-Din, fol.8 a. 2. On Sufi terms, fol. 36 b. 3. Onthe degrees of spiritual knowledge, fol. 41 a.4. On the essence of the Divinity, fol. 43 6.5. God's names and qualities, fol. 48 a. 6. Onthe worlds, fol. 49 b. 7. On creation, fol.51 a. 8. On the great spirit, fol. 52 b.9. On the soul's return to the spirit, fol. 55 a.10. On the essence of love, fol. 64 a. Com¬mentary on Daftar I., fol. lib; on Daftar II.,fol. 203 b ; on Daftar III., including theArabic preface, fol. 314 b.

On the first page is written, " Geo. Jervis,Ahmudabad, 1814."

Add. 25,804.Poll. 497 ; 12$ in. by 8$ ; 22 lines, 6 in.

long; written in large Naskhi, with ruledmargins, apparently in the 17th century.

[Wm. Cureton.]

(jyi* ^j£> j$ Lfy** J\jJ\ ^Jl^SA full commentary on the first two Daftars

of the Masnavi, with the text.Author: 'Abd ul-IIamid B. Mu'in ud-Din

Muhammad B. Muhammad Hashim ul-Hu-sainl ul-Kattali ur-Rifa'i ut-Tabrizi, jj^s^ ^J'"uaJ\ J>+.~^ j*l>^» u?.^ e^** ^

<J-ty\Beg. oU Ojjj>-\ ote iJjo-j j ci^vThe commentary is preceded by a short

preamble and nine preliminary chapters(Mukaddimah), foil. 5—17, treating of theprinciples of theosophy and the definition ofits technical terms. The entire text is in¬serted by paragraphs. Each of these is fol¬lowed by short verbal explanations of rarewords C*UI, and by extensive comments.The most recent authors quoted appear to beKhwajah Abul-Vafa, who died A.H. 835(see the preceding no.), fol. 139a, and 'Abd ul-

Karim ul-Jili, author of al-Ins;m ul-Kamil,who was bom A H. 767 (Ilaj. Khal., vol. i.p. 459), fol. 143 b. At the end of Daftar I.,fol. 205, is found a transcript of the sub¬scription of the author's original draft.

The first part of the same commentary isdescribed by Dr. Sprenger, Oudc Catalogue,p. 493.

On the first page is a seal of MuhammadMahdi dated A.H. 1141, and the Persian sealof Archibald Swinton.

Or. 1213.Foil. 222 ; 12 in. by 8J; 31 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in a small Turkish hand, pro¬bably in the 17th century.

[Alexandre Jaba.]A Turkish commentary upon the fourth

Daftar of the Magnavi, by Sham'i ^<,Z>, withthe text.

Beg. «jj&k* ÎfcyCI* j jj.<o *J>)fi* (^la^w-The author states, in the preamble, that he

had undertaken the work by order of SultanMurad Khan B. Sallm, and, at the end, thathe had completed the present portion onthe 15th of Jumada II., A.H. 999. SecIlaj. Khal., vol. v. p. 375.

Or. 1210.Poll. 464; 11J inby 6£ ; 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four columns,with 'Unvans and gold-ruled margins, ap¬parently in the 17th century.

[Alexandre Jaba.]

x+xL*i a^**1^ &i^~J

A revised edition of the Magnavi, by 'Abdul-Latif B. 'Abd Ullah ul-'Abbasi,^\j,*J\ a>p jjtf, with marginal notes.

Mulla 'Abd ul-Latif, a native of Gujrat,was a dependent of Lashkar Khan Mashhadi,

Divan of Kabul under Jahangir, and after¬wards Subahdar of the same province underShahjahtin. He passed into the imperialservice in the fifth year of the latter reignas Divan i Tan, with the title of 'AkidatKhan, and was some time employed ascourt-chronicler. He died in old age inthe 12th year of the reign (A.H. 1048—9).See 'Amal Salih, fol. 708, where his commen¬tary on the Masnavi is mentioned with praise,and Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 70.

In a preface entitled îSJI aTy, a nddated by the chronogram ôil i-J^la! *fW.' seuiUj,, i- e. A.H. 1032, foil. 10—19, the edi¬tor gives an account of the labour he hadbestowed upon the text. He collated itwith an authenticated copy in Kabul, A.H.1024, and with several MSS. in Yiilam Guzar,near Pashawar, A.H. 1025, subjected it to acritical examination, with the help of a friend,while on a journey to theDeccan in A.H. 1030,and collated it again with four copies in Bur-hanpur, A.H. 1031. He also verified the pas¬sages of the Coran and the Hadis. referred toby the poet, and gave their original text withinterpretation in the margin, corrected theArabic prefaces which he found sadly cor¬rupt, and explained all the rare words anddifficult verses. He adds that his commentshad been compiled in a detached shape, andformed two separate works, entitled Lata'iful-Ma ani and Lata'if ul-Lughat.

Tables of contents, drawn up by the editor,are prefixed to the several Daftars. Thepreface is repeated in a condensed form atthe beginning of Daftars II.—VI.

It is stated, at the end of Daftars III. andIV., that the MS. had been collated in Bur-hanpur, A.H. 1100.


long; written in Nestalik, in four columns;

POETRY.—JALAL UD-DIN RUMI.590

dated Katak (Bengal), A.H. 1113 (A.D.1701). [Wm. Cureton.]

The same revised text, with the editor'spreface and marginal notes.

Add, 16,766.Foil. 240; 151 in. "by 9J; from 25 to 27

lines, 5 in. long, with as many lines inthe margin; written in fair Nestalik, infour gold-ruled columns, with 'Unvans, pro¬bably in the 17th century; bound in stampedand gilt leather. [Wm. Yule.]

The Masnavi, with copious marginal notesextracted from the Lata'if ul-Ma'navi (seep. 589 b).

This MS. contains the following prefaces:Persian preface to Daftar II., fol. 38 a.Arabic prefaces to Daftar III. and IV. withPersian paraphrase, foil. 70 a, and 112 b.

The preface of 'Abd ul-Latif to his recen¬sion of the Masnavi is prefixed to Daftar V.,fol. 148 b, and again to Daftar VI. fol. 192 b.It is followed in each place by his statementof the contents of the respective Daftars.

Add. 16,770.Foil. 206; 10$ in. by 6$; 19 lines, 4| in.

long, in a page; written in plain Nestalik;dated Jumada II., A.H. 1080 (A.D. 1669).

<j;y^ ij$*> ujuUaJ

A Commentary on the Masnavi, by 'Abd ul-Latif B. 'Abd ullah ul-'Abbasi (see p. 589 b),slightly imperfect at the end.

Beg. <_£"j^ &K^o (_5*i*JThe commentator states that he had brought

together in this work, with some additions,the explanations of difficult verses and Ara¬bic texts, written in the first instance on themargins of his revised copy of the Masnavi.

An edition lithographed in Cawnpore,1876, contains a dedication to Shahjahan,

which is not found in the present copy. Seealso Stewart's Catalogue, p. 59.

Royal 16 B. xix.Foil. 324; 7| in. by b\; 14 and 15 lines,

3| in. long ; written in cursive Indian Nes¬talik; dated Siirat, Sha'ban, A.H. 1081(A.D. 1670). [Thomas Hyde.]

oliiil v_i:UJA Glossary to the Masnavi, by the same

'Abd ul-Latif.

Beg. iu^p oU5 J* j J-JLi* CA^A&ftji ^3The author, who calls himself 'Abd ul-La¬

tif B. 'Abd Ullah Kabiriyyah enume¬rates in the preface some well known Arabicand Persian dictionaries, and the Sufi glossa¬ries of Ibn 'Attar, and 'Abd ur-Razzak Kashi,which he had used, and states that the presentwork was the result of twelve years of study,and had been compiled in view of his revisededition of the text (see p. 589 b). It comprisesall the words found in the Masnavi, with theexception of those which belong to commonspeech, and is alphabetically arranged ac¬cording to the initial and final letters. 'Abdul-Latif adds that he had been assistedin the compilation by his friend MaulanaIbrahim Dihlavl, who had attended hislectures.

This glossary, known as Farhang i Masnavi,has been lithographed in Lucknow, 1877.See also Stewart's Catalogue, p. 132, andOuscley's Collection, No. 384.

Add. 6612.Foil. 162 ; 14 in. by 10$ ; 25 and 23 lines,

j 6 in. long; written in Nestalik; datedRabi' I., the first year of Jahandar Shah,A.H. 1124 (A.D. 1712). [J. F. Hull.]

I. Foil. 1—94. The first two Daftars ofthe Masnavi, with marginal notes.

II. Foil. 95—162. The glossary describedunder the preceding number.


long; written in small and close Nestalik;dated Ramazan, A.II. 1100 (A.D. 1689).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]An extensive commentary, entitled Mughni,

Jji*, upon the third Daftar of the Masnavi,by Muhammad 'Abid.

Beg. jJJ\ or^JJ <_s>±J1 w "ÛSl

The author's name and the title are found

in this endorsement, lI^s- <jry£« j\jjlP ^S? jl lj* rfill ^ySS) ^y*

^Jl*-+> $\ «-»>-J

In a Persian note on the same page it is statedthat this MS. is the author's first draught

jy^=>i* <— * an d that hebegan to write the commentary on Daftar I.in A.II. 1100. Many mistakes, however, cor¬rected in the margins, show this copy to bethe work of a scribe. Extensive marginaladditions in a more cursive character mayhave been written by the author.

The commentary of Shaikh 'Abd ul-Latlf(p. 590 a), is frequently quoted. Referenceis also made to the Muntakhab ul-Lughat,which was written A.II. 1046 (see p. 510 a).

Or. 370.Poll. 141; 8i in. by 4f j 21 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Muharram,the 36th year of the reign (of AurangzTb, i.e.A.H. 1104, A.D. 1692).

[Geo. "Wm. Hamilton.]A Commentary on the Masnavl, by Mu¬

hammad Na'im, ^ li^ as*This commentary, which is confined to the

explanation of some difficult verses, is slightlyimperfect at the beginning; the first linequoted is the ninth of the poem :

lib cl*~±>j u>) Cr*'

O-jj iij\s> (jijT ^\ j-*

u^~J w jy- j ji» jstf J eiib yil ^jJU*-J <>b j »3Lil (6

Daftars II.—VI. begin respectively onfol. 34 a, fol. 56 b, fol. 83 a, fol. 104 b and fol.133 b. The last line commented upon is ^la^b

^1*9-jl j&j (Bulak edition, vol. vi. p. 171).The author's name appears in the sub¬

scription :j\ ^Jyiy* i^yJ^ C^»U_j\ Al>- fitiiy~* Sî

p-jO jJj- jJi-S ^>j> j\j<V^Transcriber: ^»^) aJJ! i_aU ^ Â leaf prefixed to the MS. by a later hand

contains the beginning of the preface of*Abd ul-Latif to his revised text of theMasnavi (see p. 589 a).

This MS. bears the seals of the kings ofOude.


lorn?; written in Nestalik; dated Ramazan,the 50th year of Aurangzib (A.H. 1117,A.D. 1705). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

A full commentary upon the Masnavi,with the text. On the first page is found thefollowing title: \>"$y» i_Ju^> oWji

&i«> t__*»-Uo s+e-, and the name of theauthor, Maulanii 'Abd ul-'Ali Sahib, has beenwritten by the same hand at the end ofDaftar I., fol, 137 b.

It begins with the first verse of the poem,followed by a poetical paraphrase, the firstline of which is:—

^yjiJU ^KêS

i^}*-*-* C/"* ^.Lâ*The commentator quotes frequently Jami's

Nafahat ul-Uns, and occasionally the com-

592 POETRY.—JALAL UD-DIN RUMI.

mentary of his predecessor, Shaikh Abd ul-Latif (p. 590 a).

The present volume contains the first twoDaftar s.

Or. 368.Eoll. 125; 12$ in. by 8$j 2G and 23 lines,

from 5 to 7 in. long ; written by two differentbands, in cursive Nestalik ; dated A.II. 1103(A.D. 1692). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The same author's commentary upon

Daftar VI., endorsed jj^y s^s.^* ^* • A A »

f^jXM j^^yx*

This volume contains only short portionsof the text, preceded by the word

Add. 16,771.Eoll. 328; 8£ in. by 5f; 17 lines, 3f in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedZulka'dah, A.H. 1143, the 15th year of Mu¬hammad Shah (A.D. 1731). [Wm. Yule.]

I. Eoll. 1—176. A Commentary on theMasnavi, by Muhammad Nur Ullah Ahrari,

UP^I d\ J} > A^f

Beg. i> Jj>1 V^j" t>^ ^ ^i__>l^S\ isxs-

Tbc author, who is called in the subscrip¬tion Mir Nur Ullah Akbarabadi, states in thepreface that, having applied himself from hisyouth upwards to the study of the Masnavi,he had been in the habit of putting down onthe margins of his copy any new meaningthat occurred to him, until, yielding to thesolicitations of his friends, he wrote out thosenotes in a connected form.

The commentary deals only witli detachedpassages. The author frequently quotes hispredecessor Abd ul-Latif (p. 590 a), mostlyin order to correct him.

See Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 495,

where the author, who is called Shah MirMuhammad Nur Ullah Ahrari, is said to haveresided in Arcot.

II. Eoll. 177—328. tfcil. J*Another commentai*y on the same poem,

by Afzal, of Ilahabad, ^ll^M J^j\A summary of the contents of Daftar I. is

followed by a prologue in verse beginningthus:

i_ila) jfj&> \j \&>- j*

The author says that he wrote this workas a supplement to the commentaries of bispredecessors, lAbd ul-Latif'Abbasi (p. 590 a),and Mir Nur Ullah Ahrari.

The present copy contains only the com¬mentary on the first Daftar, including theArabic Preface.

Or. 1212.Eoll. 144; 8|- in. by 5^; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, in two columns ;dated Ramazan, A.H. 923 (A.D. 1517).

[Alexandre Jaba.]

Ciyle L_Ais^

Select verses of the Masnavi, beginningwith the first verse of Daftar I., and endingwith the last of Daftar VI.

Copyist: J\n>j

Add. 9999.Eoll. 112; 8i in. by 5^; 17 lines, 3^ in.

long, in a page; written in cursive Nestalik,apparently in the 17th century.

(atXThe " Rose Garden of Unity," a selection

from the Masnavi.Author: Shahidi Maulavi, (see

p. 513 b).

POETRY.—JALAL UD-DIN 11UMI. 593

Beg. ^LjuJ ^ Û5 {Jaji J^v*-Û-. A* ^ j C-o.V ^

The author had extracted, as he states inthe prologue, some detached lines, six hun¬dred in numher, from the Magnavi. At therequest of a friend he connected them by-means of additional verses, inserting fivedistichs of his own between each two of theoriginal. The date of composition, A.II.937, is conveyed by the following chrono¬gram, fol. 2 b :

y~ iÂi £ ^JJjSee Ilaj. Khal., vol. v. p. 232, where A.H.

,927 is given as the date of composition,Orientalia, vol. i., p. 319, the Vienna Cata¬logue, vol. hi. p. 429, and the Leyden Cata¬logue, vol. ii. p. 112.

Add. 7738.Fol. 365; 13 in. by 7 ; 19 lines, 3£ in.

long, with 36 lines in the margins; writtenin Nestalik, apparently in the 16th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]

JÛThe Divan of Jalal ud-Din Rumi, often

called " Divan i Shams i Tabriz," because thepoet takes in it the name of his spiritualguide, Shams ud-Din Tabriz! (see p. 585 a), ashis takhallus.

The contents of the present copy, whichis slightly imperfect at beginning and end,are—Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol. 1 a.Tarji'-bands, fol. 346 b. Ruba'is, foil. 352 b—359 b.

Foil. 360—365 contain a portion of theeditor's preface. It is extremely wordy,confused, and, moreover, very incorrectlywritten. The editor, whose name does notappear, describes himself as a devoted admirerof Jalal ud-Din, whom, however, he hadnever seen. He says that he had spent a

VOL. II.

year or twe in collecting the scatteredpoems written by scribes from Mauliina'sdictation, revising them, and arrangingthem in alphabetical order, adding thatthe collection comprised thirty thousanddistichs.

Copies of the Divan are described byI Hammer, Redekiinste, p. 172, by Fliigel,I Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 522, by Spren-

ger, Oude Catalogue, p. 497, and BibLSprenger., No. 1458. For extracts, see Krafft,p. 65, Leyden Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 113,Gotha Catalogue, p. 69, Munich Catalogue,p. 16, and St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 214.Select poems have been edited, with a trans¬lation in German verse, by V. von Roscn-zweig, Vienna, 1838.

Or. 289.Foil. 255, leaves 17 lines, 4^ in. long;

written in Persian Naskhi; dated Zulka'dah,A.H. 824 (A.D. 1421).


(j-^The latter part of the same Divan, with

the heading, j^J Oô»- j.U

Beg. JV>j ^ r ^ j*> u « ftf b yIt contains the Ghazals from J to some

Tarji'-bands, fol. 246 a, and a few Ruba'Is,fol. 253 a.

Copyist: y^jJ) u-j (^->'j£<Jy»j$\

Add. 7749.Foil. 193; 5f in. by 3£; 15 lines, 2 in.

long; written in a small and neat Shikastah-Ainiz; dated Baghdad, Zulka'dah, A.H.1208 (A.D. 1791). [CI. J. Rich.]

The following works of Fakhr ud-DinIraki, J\jC ,yi,jJ! ji!

Fakhr ud-Din Ibrahim B. Shahriyar 'Irakiy

594 POETRY.—A.H. 600—700.

left at the age of eighteen his native cityHamadiin, went in the guise of a wanderingkalandar to India, and attached himself inMultfm to Shaikh Baha ud-Din Zakariyya,with whom he stayed twenty-five years.After his master's death, which took placeA.H. 666 or 661, he performed the pil¬grimage, and proceeded from Mecca to KQ-niyah, where he found another spiritualguide in the well-known mystic, Sadr ud-DinKuniyavi, who died A.TI. 672 (Arahic Cata¬logue, p. 779 b). It was there, and whileattending Sadr ud-Din's lectures on theEusiis ut-Hikam, that he composed his Sufitract, Lamaat, which was approved by hisShaikh. He left Rum after the death of bispatron Mu'in ud-Din Parvanah (A.H. 677;see Geschichtc der Ilchane, vol. i., p. 299),and spent his latter years in wanderingsthrough Egypt and Syria. He died inDamascus, A.H. 686, according to the Gu-zidah, fol. 241, or A.H. 688, as statedin the Nafahat ul-Uns, p. 700, Majalis ul-'Ushshak, fol. 91, Eirishtah, vol. ii. p. 760,Haft Iklim, fol. 413, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 291. Daulatshah, however, followed byTaki Kashi, Oude Catalogue, p. 17, places hisdeath in A.H. 709. See Hammer, Rcde-kiinste, p. 226, and Sprenger, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 440.

I. Eol. lb. A Divan, containing—1. Ka-sidahs and some Tarji'-bands, without alpha¬betical arrangement. 2. Ghazals in alpha¬betical order, fol. 46 b. 3. Ruba'is, fol. 125 b.

Beg. «jL.a>»Uil^jW- £r>JP (S>j> e^vl^s-iuJ-Ui^ CJSjoJ ^Sx^jO ^jSs>

Some of the Kasidahs are in praise of thepoet's Shaikh, Baha ud-Din Zakariyya.

H. Eol. 138 5. m\3 jU^»the "Book ofLovers," a poem in Masnavi verse, varied byGhazals, treating in ten sections (Easl) ofmystic love.

Bc g- j* ^J"tSjta J^r «ioT \l*~*>-\j

The prologue contains a eulogy on thecelebrated Vazir, Shams ud-Din MuhammadSahib Divan.

III. Eol. 176 b. c^UJ, " Lama'at," a tractin prose and verse on mystic love (see the pre¬ceding column, and Ilaj. Khal., vol. v. p. 333.

Beg. Ol_A-Ljs£ uju—*■ jyi &Jl^


long; written in small and neat Nestalik,with 'Unvan and gold-ruled margins, pro¬bably in the 16th century. [Wm. Yule.]

CjWM SJU*\

A commentary on the preceding work,"LamaVit," by Nur ud-Din 'Abd ur-RahmanJami (see p. 17 a).

Beg. j»ciwHJ\ £ jjj oLx^i<J~J S* V*

The commentator says in his preface thathe had been, like many others, prejudicedagainst the soundness of the Lamaat, until,requested by his friend, Amir 'Alishir, torevise the text, he had found in it a richstorehouse of spiritual truths, which be under¬took to elucidate in the present work. Thedate of composition, A.H. 886, is expressedin a versified chronogram at the end by theword ^\ : ^ ji g \^ $ ^ j\j Wj

This work is generally called oWJ) _j-5>.See Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 335, and Dorn, St.Petersburg Catalogue, p. 371.

Copyist: j h-o-

Add. 24,944.Foil. 357; \A\ in. by 9±; 9 lines, 3± in.

long, with 22 lines in the margin; writtenin elegant Nestalik, with rich 'Unvans, orna¬mental headings, and illuminated borders onevery page; dated A.H. 974 (A.D. 1566) ;bound in gilt and stamped leather.

[G. Libel]

POETRY.—SA'DI. 595

(_f v>J»-wJ cJ\j}&

The Ivulliyat, or complete works of Sa'di.Sa'di, the most popular of Persian poets,

took his name from the Atabak of Piirs, Sa'dB. Zingi, who died A.II. 623. after a reign oftwenty-three years, and to whose service hisfather was attached. He is generally calledMuslih ud-Din; but there is reason to believethat his original name was Musharrif ud-Din,and that Muslih ud-Din was the name of hisfather. In a copy of the Kulliyat, datedA.II. 905, lately belonging to Col. C. S.Guthrie, there is a subscription to the Bus-tan, purporting to have been transcribedfrom the author's autograph, in which hecalls himself ui^- In anearly collection of his works, Add. 18,411, inOr. 5C01, and in the present copy, his nameis written )*a* ^ ^JiJ! uJ,.!*, and in Bisu-

tun's preface ^%^^\ 3 ja^j ^J,.!*^i«L,»M j. In the Guzidah the names areinverted uJ^* ^— > while in the Na-fahat ul-Uns they are combined, with atrifling alteration, to ^L** u >.^.\ <^jj£>

Sa'di refers frequently to Shiraz as hisnative place. The date of his birth is notaccurately known. In the Biistan, which hewrote A.II. C55, he addresses himself asseptuagenarian,

CL+hj ti'-SflfJ e!>

C^ij 5b j> s£ ^jOy sZ&if jiCe

from which it may be inferred that he wasborn about A.II. 585. But if the ShaikhShams ud-Din Abul-Faraj B. Jauzi, whomhe mentions in the Gulistan, Bab ii., 20, asthe preceptor of his youth, is really identical,as has been asserted, with the celebrateddoctor Jamul ud-Dhi Abul-Faraj Ibn ul-JauzT, who died in Baghdad A.II. 597, astill earlier date must be adopted.

After completing his studies in Baghdad,Sa'di entered upon a long course of distanttravels, which took him through the length

and breadth of the world known to the Mus¬lims, from Tartary to Abyssinia, and fromIndia to Barbary. He visited Kashghar, ashe states in the Gulistan, Bab v., 15, in theyear in which Sultan Muhammad KhwarazmShah had made peace with the Khitais. Thismust have been shortly after the great victorywhich the Sultan won over the Kara KhitaisA.H. 606 (see the Kamil, vol. xii. p. 177),and the anecdote shows that even at thatearly period the fame of the young poet ofShiraz had spread to that remote region.

Sa'di returned to his native city shortlybefore A.II. 655, and composed in that yearand the next his two most popular works,the Biistan and the Gulistan, in both of whichhe immortalized the name of the reigningAtabak, Abu Bakr B. SaM B. Zingi (A.II.623—658), w hose wise rule had restored peaceand prosperity to Pars. There he spent inpeace and seclusion the latter part of his longlife, treated with respect by the Moghulgovernors who had superseded the Atabaksand receiving frequent marks of the regardand liberality of the great Vazir, Shams ud-Din Sahib Divan, who from the reign ofHidagu to the accession of Arghiin, A.H. 683,was at the head of the civil administrationof the Moghul empire.

Ziya i Barani states that Muhammad Sultan,son of Sultan Ghiyas. ud-Din Balaban, whoin the seat of his government at Multan(A.H. 670—683) surrounded himself withpoets, twice sent messengers to Shiraz for thepurpose of inducing Sa'di to settle in Multan,but that the poet, excusing himself on theplea of old age, sent to the prince some auto¬graph verses. See Tarikh Piruzshahi, p. 68.

Sa'di died on the seventeenth of Zulhijjah,A.H. 690. This is the date given by HamdUllah Mustaufi in his Guzidah written fortyyears later. Daulatshah and Jami give A.H.691, and the former adds that the poet hadreached at his death the age of one hundredand two lunar years. Amin RiizI states that

y 2

596 POETRY.—SA'DI.

he was then one hundred and ten years old,an estimate which, according to what hasbeen ahove stated respecting the prohabledate of his birth, must be nearer the truth.

The principal notices on Sa'di are thoseof Daulatshah (translated into English byJ. II. Harington, Works of Sadee, pp. ii.—x.,and into German by K. H. Graf, Rosengarten,pp. 229—234), of Jami, Nafahat ul-Uns,p. 699, Ilabib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 130,Majrdis ul-Muminin, fol. 332, Haft Iklim,fol. 92, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 198. Seealso Hammer, Redekiinste, p. 204, Ouseley'sNotices, p. 5, Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,p. 545, Defromery, Nouvelle Biographic Gene-rale, vol. xlii., p. 1002, and, above all, Dr.W. Bacher, who in his introduction to " Sa'di'sAphorismen und Sinngedichte, Strassburg,1879," has ingeniously combined all the in¬formation which was to be extracted from acareful perusal of the poet's works.

The Kulliyat have been edited by J. H.Harington, Calcutta, 1791—1795. Manyother editions have since appeared in theEast, as in Bombay, A.H. 1267 and 1280,Dehli, 1269, Cawnpore, 1280, Lucknow,1287, Tabriz, 1257, and Teheran, 1268. Thecontents have been stated in the ViennaJahrbucher, vol. 64, Anz. Blatt., p. 5, ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 527, Oude Catalogue,p. 546, and, with great fullness and accuracy,by Dr. W. Bacher, in his Sa'di-Studien,Zcitschrift der D. Morgenlandischen Gesell-schaft, vol. xxx. pp. 81—106.

Contents: Preface of 'Ah B. Ahmad B.Abu Nasr [in other copies Abu Bakr B] B.Bisutun, fol. 3 b.

Beg. iOjiW dA>- \j \j jThe writer states that in A.H. 726 he had

arranged the Ghazals of Sa'di alphabeticallyaccording to the initial letters, and had sub¬sequently, A.H. 734, compiled an alpha-

a Shi'ah scribes frequently substitute Abu Nasr for thehateful name of Abu Bakr.

betical index to the same, based on theletters of the rhyme. It is added at the endthat the Majlis i Hazl, or mock-homily, hadbeen transferred to the section inscribedKhabisat. An English translation of thepreface will be found in the Introductionof Harington's edition, pp. 24—26.

I. Pol. 8b, as-Uî j>JLi J,| Sa'di'spreface. See Bacher, Sa'di-Studien, p. 84.

Beg. ^ ySjll* j c-o\p ^ ^J.w

II. Pol. 17 b, w^W u J^ J d J\3 'JU, [readw&jH], "the five sittings or homilies.' 7

Beg. jli. ^\ &The fifth Majlis has been translated by

James Ross, Bombay Transactions, vol. i.pp. 146—158.

HI. Pol. 58 b, w ^ ^L^> «JUj, "Thequestions of the Lord of the Divan," i.e. theVazir Shams ud-Dln Muhammad Juvaini, toSa'di, with the answers of the latter.

Beg. c^.— Ûj yhi i_*»-Vws

This tract, which was not drawn up bySa'di, has been translated by Harington,Introduction, pp. 14—17, and by Graf, Lust-garten, vol. ii. pp. 136—142.

IV. Pol. 62 a, jIp JH &J1> ■ \â Sufi tract on reason and love, in answer toa question of Maulana Sa'd ud-Din.

Beg. yif* eiU U- ^ ÛL,

V. Pol. 67 a, uDjJu, j j ^ 'iJLy," Advice to kings."

Beg. t***. ^ J } \ JU3 4U ±JtThis tract was written, as Sa'di states in

the beginning, at -the request of a friend, J^>^la-jA •}, whom he addresses further on as" son," jjjji. According to Dr. Bacher, " Sa'di-Studien," pp. 93—102, and "Aphorismenund Sinngedichte," Vorwort, it was addressedto the Sahib Divan, together with the collec-

POETRY,

tion of ethical poems known as SaMbiyyah(see art. xviii.). It is, however, highly im¬probable that Sa'di should have familiarlyreferred to the all-powerful Vazir as " one ofhis friends," or that he should have presentedhim with a work avowedly composed foranother person. In an early recension ofthe Kulliyat, Add. 18,411, the Risalah i SahibDivan (art. iii.) is found to precede imme¬diately the Kitab i Sahibiyyah.

VI. Pol. 88 b. Three short pieces, as fol¬lows: 1. \j\J\ Ûa-L* aJl-ij, Sa'di's interviewwith Sultan Abaka, drawn up from the poet'soral relation by an anonymous writer. Ithas been translated by Ilarington, Intro¬duction, pp. 17—19, and by Graf, Lust-garten, vol. ii. pp. 142—146. 2. Jt rJU,yl_jJo\ ls*4£°* SaMi's advice to a ruler,addressed to Ankiyanu, who was Moghul go¬vernor of Pars, A.H. 667—670. See the Shi-raz-Namah, fol. 75, and Hiifiz Abru, fol. 98.3. ô.jJl tm i, <Ji_L«c>o.lC An anecdoterelating to Malik Shams ud-Dln, and theremonstrances made to him by Sa'di, toldby an anonymous writer; translated byIlarington, pp. 19—21, and by Graf, Lust-garten, vol. ii. pp. 146—148.

Malik Shams ud-Din B. Malik was placed,A.n. 67C, at the head of the revenue collec¬tion ajtlaL'd.* L-o-U? in Pars. See the ShirazNamah, fol. 76, and Hiifiz Abru, fol. 98.

VII. Poll. 98 b— 284 a. ÛJfa, the Gu-listan.

Beg. îfflls s/ja- ]j>)^- CjX*This is the most popular Persian work in

the East, and the best known in Europe.Two of the latest and most correct of itsinnumerable editions have been published byDr. Sprenger, Calcutta, 1851, and by Mr.John Platts, London, 1874. It has been■translated into Latin by Gentius, 1651, intoEnglish by Pr. Gladwin, 1806, by Dumoulin,

—SA'DI. 597

1807, by Eastwick, 1852, and by Platts,1873, into German by Graf, 1846, intoFrench by A. du Ryer, 1634, DAlegre, 1704,Gaudin, 1789, and C. Defrcmery, 1858.

The following articles, viii.—xvii., arewritten in the margins.

VIII. Fol. 4 b. ,jU-»jJ» the Bustan, amoral poem, scarcely less known than thepreceding work.

Be S- Mj\>* faThe Bustan has been printed in Calcutta,

1810 and 1828, in Lahore, 1863, Cawnpore,1868, and Tabriz, A.H. 1285. It has beenedited, with the Turkish commentary ofSururi, by Graf, Vienna, 1850, translatedinto German by the same scholar, Jcna, 1850,and by Schlechta Vszerd, Vienna, 1852, andinto English by H. W. Clarke, London, 1879.

IX. Pol. 108 a. jJuSj the ArabicKasidahs.

X. Pol. 116 b. a-JUi, the Per¬sian Kasidahs, in alphabetical order.

XI. Pol. 147 a. ^y*, elegies, or funeralpoems. Some pieces of this and the pre¬ceding section have been translated by Graf,Zeitschrift der D. Morg. Gesellschaft, voll.ix., xii. and xv.

XII. Pol. 151 b. ol*J*, Kasidahs inalternating Persian and Arabic verses.

XIII. Pol. 157 a. oL>y, poems Math re¬frains.

XIV. Pol. 164 a. oL-i, Ghazals calledTayyibat, or "pleasant," in alphabeticalorder. Some of these have been translatedby Graf, Zeitschrift, voll. xiii. and xv.

XV. Pol. 262 b. jJUj, Ghazals composedin the ornate or artificial style, also alpha¬betically arranged.

593 POETRY.—SADI.

XVT. Pol. 306 a. Ji\y*, Ghazals calledKhavatlm, or signets, in alphabetical order.

XVII. Fol. 322 b. jyB the earlyGhazals, alphabetically arranged.

XVIII. Pol. 284 b. shortmoral and epigrammatic poems, in the formof Mukatta'at, called Sahibiyyah, from theirdedication to the Sahib Divan (see above,art. v.). They have been edited, witha translation in German verse, by Dr.W. Bacher, under the title of "Sa'di'sAphorismen und Sinngedichte," Strassburg,1879.

Beg. Mjf tj* i'jjjL—»!l 'is>\j SU»6 J* ill ±+J^In the present copy, contrary to what is

found in most MSS., the Mukatta'at of theKitab Sahibiyyah are arranged in alpha¬betical order. They are followed by somepieces in Masnavi, foil. 322—335.

XIX. oUlailo, Mukatta'at. This section,which in most copies, and in the printededitions, follows the Sahibbiyah, and com¬prises a few pieces in alphabetical order, doesnot appear as a separate section in thepresent copy; but its contents are found dis¬tributed according to their rhymes in thealphabetical series of the preceding book.

XX. Facetious and licentious pieces inverse and in prose, viz. 1. oljolk*, jocularpoems, generally called c % cS or " wicked,"foil. 339 6—340 a, margins. 2.comic pieces in prose, consisting of threemock homilies, called ^Jl*. 1*, and somefacetiEe ^b'lk), Ml. 335 6—355 a.

XXI. Fol. 340 6, margins. oUl^i Ru-ba is, or quatrains.

XXII. Foil. 350 a—355 a, margins, o'^y,detached distichs.

Copyist: <jj\.+p\

This MS. contains two whole-page minia¬tures at the beginning, two at the end, andsixty-seven of smaller size in the body of thevolume. They are in the Persian style and ofthe highest degree of finish. The first twopages contain a table of contents, disposed intwo ornamental circular designs. The last twopages, also richly illuminated, contain versi¬fied chronograms giving A.H. 974 as thedate of transcription, and A.II. 976 as theyear in which the ornamentation was com¬pleted.

On the last page is a note of purchasedated Dehli, A.H. 1149.

Add. 7741.Foil. 337; 11£ in. by 6^; 19 lines, 2± in.

long, with 12 lines in the margin; writtenin neat Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins;dated Jumada II., A.H. 901 (A.D. 1496).

[CI. J. Rich.]The Kulliyfit of Sa'di, with the preface of

Ibn Bisutun.This copy contains the Mukatta'at alpha¬

betically arranged, foil. 320 b, 322 a; but itwants the sixth of the prose works (see above,art. vi.), and has two lacunes, viz. one ofabout thirty-four leaves after fol. 213, ex¬tending from the latter part of the Tarji'-band to the Tayyibat in o, Calcutta edition,vol. ii. pp. 259—300, and another of aboutfifteen leaves after fol. 229, extending from£ to u of the same section. A portion ofthe Ruba'is and Fardiyyat is also wanting.The first thirty-one leaves are in a laterhand, and want the rubrics.

Copyist: e^j^ ^\

Or. 1365.Foil. 459; 15 in. by 9±; 12 lines, 3§ in.

long, with 24 lines in the margin; written infair Nestalik, with rich 'Unviins, and mar-

POETRY.—SA'DI. 599

ginal ornaments on every page, apparentlyin the 16th century; bound in stampedleather. [Sir Charles Alex. Murray.]

The Kulliyat of Sa'di.Contents : Preface of Ibn Bisutun, fol. 3 b.

The five prose works, fol. 7 b. Gulistan,fol. 82 b. BQstan, fol. 3 margins. Arabicand Persian Kasidahs, and Elegies, foil.238 b —245 a, margins. Mulamma at, wrong¬ly headed A*» <^->UJj_c,fol. 238 b. Tarji at,fol. 244 b. Tayyibat, fol. 251 b. Bada'i',fol. 347 b. Khavatim, fol. 383 b. Ghazaliy-yat i Kadim, without heading, fol. 399 a.Salubiyyah, with the heading oUlaiualphabetically arranged as in the firstcopy, fol. 407 a. Mukatta'at, fol. 429 b.Muzhikat, or facetiae in verse and in prose,fol. 431 b. Ruba'iyyat, fol. 440 b— 455 a,margins. Pardiyyat, foil. 453 b —458 a.

Copyist: <jj\j~Sl\ <-J>\&\ A\ C^Uc-The MS. contains a richly illuminated

table of contents, and two whole-page minia¬tures in Persian style at beginning and end.In a note written on the fly-leaf by SirC. A. Murray, it is stated to have belonged" to Zulfekar Khan, the commander-in-chiefof the army in the reign of Path Ali Shah."In the margin of fol. 9 is found an entryrelating to the birth of a grandson of thatofficer in A.H. 1236. At the end is foundthe seal of Baba Khan (afterwards Path 'AllShah ; see Malcolm, vol. ii. p. 184).

Add. 16,764.Poll. 377; 9^ in. by 5|; 12 lines, 2£ in.

long, with 24 lines in the margins, writtenin Nestalik, with 'Unvan, illuminated head¬ings, and gold-ruled margins; dated (fol.99 a) Zulka'dah, A.H. 984 (A.U. 1577).

[War. Yule.]The Kulliyat of Sa'di, wanting the Arabic

Kasidahs. The Salubiyyah, foil. 338 b—353 a, and the following sections, are not, as

in the preceding copies, alphabetically ar¬ranged. Pol. 134 has a whole-page minia¬ture in the Persian style.

Add. 5601.Poll. 349; 15J in. by 10J; 9 lines, 3 in.

long, with 20 lines in the margins, writtenin neat Nestalik, with fifteen rich 'Unvans,and ornamental borders on every page,apparently in the 16th century; bound instamped and gilt leather.

The Kulliyat of Sa'di.This copy contains the Mukatta'at, foil.

312 b— 316 a, but wants the Salubiyyah. Ithas four whole-page miniatures at begin¬ning and end, and twenty-one of lesser sizein the body of the volume. They are finelyexecuted in the Indian style. Poll. 2 b and3 a contain the first words of BIsutun's pre¬face, and a table of contents written withinrichly illuminated borders with the heading :

^La* i-jjJ^o CsMij^s(^lijwll

On the first page is an 'Arzdidah datedLucknow, the first year of Shahjaluln II.(A.H. 1173).

Add. 17,961.Poll. 426; 12f in. by 8£; 11 lines, 3 in.

long, with 24 lines in the margins; writtenin Nestalik, with 'Unvan and ruled margins,about the close of the lGth century.

The Kulliyat of Sa'di, wanting the Par¬diyyat. At the beginning is the first half ofa table of contents, richly illuminated. Onthe first page is a partly obliterated note, inwhich the name of Ibrahim 'Adilshah (A. II.988—1037), and lower down the date A.H.1014, are still legible.

Add. 7742,Poll. 376; 12 in. by 7|; 18 lines, 3 in. long,

with 14 lines in the margin; written in fair

Nestalik, with 'Unvans and gold-ruled mar¬gins, apparently in the 17th century.

[Cl. J. Rich.]The Kulliyat of Sa'di, wanting the Ruba'is-

It has a whole-page miniature in Persianstyle at the beginning.

Add. 7743.Poll. 399; 9| in. by 5£ ; 18 lines, in.

long, with 12 lines in the margin; written inNestalik, with 'Unvans, illuminated headings,and gold-ruled margins, apparently in the17th century. [Cl. J. Rich.]

The Kulliyat of Sa'di, wanting the ArabicKasidahs, the Mukatta'at, and the comicalpieces in prose.


long, with 18 lines in the margin; writtenin Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins ; datedZulka'dah, A.H. 1076 (A.D.1666).

[Wm. Yule.]A portion of the Kulliyat, containing—

the Bustan, fol. 1 b. The Persian Kasidahs,without alphabetical arrangement, fol. 62 b.The Tarji'-band, fol. 82 b. The Tayyibat,fol. 87 b. The preface of Ibn Bisutun and thesix prose tracts, fol. 152 b. The Gulistan, fol.179 b.

Add. 18,411.Poii. 197; n\ in - b y 6 ; 20 lines > 2 * in -

long; with 44 lines in the margin, writtenin minute Nestalik, with illuminated head¬ings and gold-ruled margins, probably in the17th century. ["Wm. Yule.]

An earlier collection of the works of Sa'di,differing from the preceding in the numberand order of the works included, and in theentire absence of alphabetical arrangementin the poetical sections.

The editor, whose name does not appear,

states in a short preface beginning «!>sJ^" <js^ <_?^ j CÛ^J, that, afteran unremitting study of the works of themost eminent writers in prose and verse, hehad found none brighter or more delightfulthan the writings of the late (ffj-*) Mu-sharrif ud-Din Sa'di, whom he styles " kingof the Imams and divine sages, Sultan of thepoets and philosophers," u - tJ J \^\J tJH\ cilL*^JLas^ j AjjJ^] ÛaL*; and, as they werescattered piecemeal in people's hands, he haddeemed it a stringent duty to bring themtogether, and had spared no trouble till hehad collected them in the present volume.

Contents : The five sittings (Majlis; seep. 596 b, art. ii.), fol. 1 b. The Bustan, fol.8 b. The Gulistan, fol. 54 b. The Tayyibat,beg. f U#jSJ* Jy", fol. 89 b. Bada'i',beg. (j^jT Û- j\yi> yLiU *tL& j6m\, fol.128 b. Khavutim, beg. ^.î j\^j.sx> y jSsa\ &>\, fol. 138 b. Persian Ka¬sidahs, beg. (^»U-> j fol. 142 b.Mulamma'at, beg. Jl£*)\ JjjO Lra2\ y>fol. 156 a. Tarjiat, fol. 158 a. The tracton reason and love (p. 596 b, art. iv.),fol. 160 b. Nasihat ul-Muhik (art. v.), foil.161 5—166 a. The tract of Ankiyfmu,(art. vi. 2), fol. 178 b. Questions of the lateSahib Divan, ^yj ( ar t. iii.),fol. 179 b. Sahibiyyah (art. xviii.), beg.OuJT y u z?>, fol. 180 a.Muta'ibat in verse (art. xx. 1), fol. 188 b.Mukatta'at (art. xix.), fol. 193 a. Ruba'iyat,fol. 193 b. Mufradat, fol. 195 b.

Poll. 166 a —178 b contain a work whichis not Sa'di's. It is a wordy contest betweenBaghdad and Isfahan, ^^su>\ ohkli»,written in ornate prose, alternating withArabic and Persian verses.

Beg. i> iÛSI ^ ^ j^J)

diî—fj\ jjb- 4.*^

The author, 'Abd us-Salam B. Abil-Majid,

POETRY.—SA'DI. (501

surnamcd Eamal ul-Isfahiini, ^ îLJ\ sxs-^jâ.^] J\ô t__*5\J\ si>-\J\ is not to beconfounded with the well-known poet Kama!Isfahan! (p. 580 b), whoso proper name wasIsma'il. lie belongs to a later period (pro¬bably to the eighth century of the Hijrah);for he mentions Auhad ud-Din Kirmani, whodied A.I I. 697, as one of the holy men thatlay buried in Baghdad.

He had long been, he says in the preamble,wandering from place to place in pursuit ofknowledge, and having found Baghdad andIsfahan fairer than all other cities, was at aloss to which he should give the preference,when a friend helped him out of his per¬plexity by communicating to him the debatewhich follows. It is a dialogue in whicheach of the contending cities boasts inturn, its glories, privileges, and attractions.Eventually Baghdad yields the palm to itsrival as being the abode of the illustriousVazir, Shi hub ul-liakk vad-Din Mubarakshah,jj ] ^ls. • • ■ r1^ 1 iûnA,*** • . • ^-J-JI ^yS- j j.Uh3 îjjjjsllSÛ*, who is styled the master of Iran,and described as a wise and powerful ruler,and a munificent patron of letters.

In conclusion the author resolves to returnto his native city, hoping to introduce himselfby means of that " contest " to the notice ofthe noble Vazir, to whom he sent at the sametime a laudatory poem rhyming inthe letter t_i).

Subscription: îi!^ \^)\ ^V^j J

alii 0-j.j<—S1 £*a* y?.^ 1_ 'jt^t yjjSarf^^ ijSi(_)'-♦»■ -gps '_ C-.x«3.'.) u.O fjp j>jA\

£jj LiOn the first page are two 'Arzdidahs of

the reign of 'Alamgir, dated respectively thesecond and forty-sixth year (A.I). 1069 and1113).

Add. 25,812.Foil. 217 ; 9| in. by 5|; 17 lines, 3f in.

VOL. II.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvan,gilt headings, and gold ruled margins; datedHerat, Shavval, A.H. 995 (A.D. 1587).

[Wm. Cureton.]The Diviin of Sa'di.Contents: I. Eoll. 2 6—12 a. The Per¬

sian Kasidahs arranged in alp!labetical order.The contents correspond with the first por¬tion only of the same section in the Calcuttaedition, vol. ii. pp. 211—220, the latter partof the alphabet being only represented bythe nos. 31 and 31 of the same edition.

II. Eoll. 12 a—152 b. Ghazals alpha¬betically arranged, not, however, as usual,by the rhyme-letters, but by the first letterof each piece. This is precisely the arrange¬ment which was adopted by Ibn BisutunA.H. 734 (see p. 596 a), but which is notfollowed in the copies of the Kulliyat. Thecontents are principally derived from the Ki-tab i Tayyibat; but the first part of the seriesincludes some Kasidahs, and such strophes ofthe Tarji'-band as begin with the Letter I

III. Eoll. 152 6—208 a. Another seriesof Ghazals, alphabetically arranged by therhyme-letters, and, under each of these, bythe initial letter of each piece. Most of theGhazals included belong to the Kitub iBadftT.

IV. Eoll. 208 a— 217 a. Ruba'is arrangedaccording to the rhyme-letters.

Copyist: Sjj \^J$&\ ^s."

The MS. is endorsed ^^ ^\ } ^. Onthe same page are several Arzdidahs of thereign of Shahjahan, the earliest of whichis dated of the 17th year (A.H. 1053—1).

Add. 17,330.Eoll. 13; 8± in. by 5\ , 17 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, with two'Unvans, gilt headings, and gold-ruled mar¬gins; dated Rajah, A.H. 871 (AD. 1107).

z

The Bustan, foil. 2 — 124, and the Gulistan,foil. 127—213; see p. 597.

The following inscription written at thebeginning of each work, within illuminatedborders, states that the MS. was written forSultan Muhammad II. (A.H. 855—886).

iLaJi- ^\ l-j^j tdl!U pkc^ ^UaLJ^ i.i>\j>-W U JieLa J*. yUalJI ^NJI J t£\

ftillaLjj e&c ^JUj «JJ\ Ji-

Copyist: t_*>\jd\ ^Ual-*

Add. 16,811.Foil. 202; 91 in. by 7; 10 lines, 2± in.

long, with 24 lines in the margins; writtenin fair Ncstalik, with 'Unvan, gold headings,and gold-ruled margins, probably in the 15thcentury. [Wm. Yule.]

The Gulistan, written in the centre of thepage, and the Bustan, written in the marginsfrom fol. 1 6 to fol. 185 6.

Sloane 2951.Foil. 172; 11| in. by 7£; 11 lines, 2§ in.

long, with 24 lines in the margins; writtenin fair Ncstalik, with a rich 'Unvan, and withilluminated headings and borders through¬out, probably in the 16th century ; boundin stamped and painted covers.

The Gulistan written in the centre of thepage, and the Bustan written in the marginsfrom fol. 6 b to 172 a. There are two whole-page miniatures at the beginning, and six ofsmaller size in the body of the volume, allin Persian style.

Copyist: jrjljfr* JyPrefixed is a leaf detached from another

MS. It contains on the first side the secondhalf of an 'Unvan of fine execution, and afragment of preface beginning as follows:—»V» Jj4* <J#* J JWj lt~^ j\A

On the fly-leaf is written: " Daniel Waldehis booke. April the 9th, 1704. Boughtatt Suratt in the East Indies."

Add. 7744.Foil. 163; 7| in. by 4J; 11 lines, If in.

long, with 24 lines in the margins; writtenin Ncstalik, with 'Unvan, illuminated head¬ings, and gold-ruled margins, apparently inthe 17th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

The Gulistan, with the Bustan in themargins.

At the beginning are two whole-pageminiatures, with illuminated borders, inPersian style.

Or. 1416.

Foil. 147 ; Hi in. by 6£; 12 lines, 3£ in.long, and 26 lines in the margins; writtenin Nestalik, as stated, in Kashmir, ap¬parently about the middle of the 19th cen¬tury.

The Gulistan, with the Bustan in themargins.

Or. 1219.Foil. 142; 8i in. by 4|; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins, probably in the16th century. [Alexandre Jaba.]

The Bustan.

Add. 26,158.Foil. 129; 7| in. by 4|; 17 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in Turkish Naskhi; datedSha'ban, A.H. 1038 (A.D. 1629).

[Wm. Eeskine.]The Bustan, with marginal notes, partly

Turkish.

POETRY.—SAVDI. 603

Add. 27,262.Poll. 175; 15 in. by 10J; 12 lines, 5| in.

long; written in a large and elegant Nestalik,with 'Unvan, gold headings, interlineargilding and gold designs on the marginsthroughout; dated Agrah, Rabi* I., A.H.1039 (A.D. 1629); bound in painted andglazed covers. [Sir John Malcolm.]

The Bustan of Sa'di.

This fine copy, ornamented with tenminiatures in Indian style, and of exquisitefinish, is due to the penmanship of a well-known physician and poet, who signs HakimRukn ud-Din Mas'ud, commonly called

Hakim Rukna, ^S^i ^m

Rukn ud-Din Kashi, who adopted the tak-hallus of Masih, was the son of HakimNizam ud-Din 'All, of Kashan, and beganhis poetical career at the court of Abbas I.He repaired to India in the reign of Akbar,and became one of the favourite poets ofShahjahan, whose court he left, at an ad¬vanced age (according to Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 424, one hundred and five lunar years),to return to his native country, where hedied. The Mirat ul-'Alam, fol. 482, givesA.H. 1057 Siraj, Oude Catalogue, p. 151,Atashkadah, fol. Ill, and Khulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 283, A.H. 1066, as the date ofhis death. See also Padishah Namah, vol. i,p. 349.

On the first page is written : " This bookwas purchased at Kermanshah in 1810 bySir John Malcolm from a prince of the Zundfamily, whose eyes had been put out, andwho wandered as a mendicant over thecountry his ancestors and relations had solong governed."

Pol. 168 b has been reproduced hy photo¬graphy in the Oriental Series of the PalEeo-graphical Society, No. 50.

Add. 26,157.Poll. 158; 9 in. by 5 ; 14 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Indian Nestalik; dated Rabf I.,A.H. 1098 (A.D. 1687). [Wm. Erskine.]

The Bustan.


long; written in Nestalik, probably in the17th century. [J. Crawfurd.]

The Bustan, imperfect at the end. A leafappended to the MS. by a later hand, tomake it appear complete, is dated A.H. 1185.

Add. 16,765.Foil. 108; 8£ in. by 5£; about 20 lines,

4 in. long; written in a rude Indian character;dated Mednipur, Orissa, Jumada II., 17thyear of Muhammad Shah (A.H. 1147, A.D.1734). [Wm. Yule.]

The Bustan.

Add. 9696.Poll. 169; 8| in. by 6£; 13 lines, 3f in.

long; written in cursive Indian Nestalik, inthe 18th century.

The Bustan.

Add. 5631.Poll. 193; 7£ in. by 5J; 11 lines, 3 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedRajab, A.H. 1180 (A.D. 1766).

[N. Brasset Halhed.JThe Bustan.


Ion"-; written in cursive Nestalik, appai'entlyin India, in the 18th century.

[Wm. Cureton.JThe Bustan.

z 2

POETRY.—SA'DI.

Add. 6630.Foil. 202; 9 in. by 6; 11 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik on European paperwater-marked 1799. [J- F. Hull. J

The Bustiin.

Add. 25,814.Foil. 56; 74 in. by U2 ; 15 lines, 2$ in.

long; written in Nestalik, probably in the18th century. [Wm. Cureton.]

A commentary on the Bustan, by 'Abuur-ftasul B. Shihab ud-Dln, etc., al-Kurashi,jfc'Ja ^ «JJ\ SjJS- ^\ (j-^.iill <-r>'-^> J}**^ ^

<J*j^ tr* - ui

Beg. Uhj^ oUm c^l_,kaj s£\. J*s~

This short commentary, in whicli the Far-hang i Jahangiri is frequently quoted, dealschiefly with the explanation of proper names,rare words, and a few detached passages.

The author states in the preface that hewrote it in A.H. 1073, at the request of hiselder brother, Shaikh \Abd Ullah, and thathe submitted it to the inspection of hismaster, Mir Niir Ullah.

Abd ur-Basul has also written a commen¬tary upon the Gulistan. See the Oude Cata¬logue, pp. 550, 552.

Add. 6627.Foil. 179; 5| in. by 3|; 11 lines, 2g in.

long ; written in fair Nestalik, apparently inthe 16th century. [J. F. Hull.]

The Gulist~m, with some marginal notesin Arabic. Some lacunes of the original MS.have been supplied by later hands.

Sloane 2953.Foil. 107; 8 in. by 5^; 15 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in Indian Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century.

c;\U^The Gulistan; see p. 597 a.At the end is a seal bearing the name of

Ni'mat Ullah with the date A.H. 1082.From an endorsement in the handwriting

of Humphrey Wanley, dated A.D. 1724-5,this MS. appears to have once belonged tothe Ilarleian Collection.

Add. 26,155.Foil. 77 ; 9j in. by 5; 19 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik, with'Unvan and gold-ruled margins, probably inthe 17th century. [Wm. Erskine.]

The Gulistan, with some marginal notes.It wants the Khatimah.

Add. 26,154.Foil. 116; 8^ in. by b\\ 14 lines, 3 in.

long, in a page; written in a coarse Indiancharacter, about the close of the 17th cen¬tury. [Wm. Erskine.]

The Gulistan, with copious marginal notes.The notes have been written by Ibrahim

B. Kazi Husain, who also transcribed thelast six leaves, which supply a defect of theoriginal MS., and are dated Aurangab ul,Zulka'dah, A.H. 1160 (A.D. 1747).

Add. 6658.Foil. 97; 8± in. by 4£; 14 lines, 3| in.

long; written in large Indian Nestalik;dated Surat, Jumada II., A.H. 1193 (A D.1779).

The Gulistan.

Copyist: ^jJ^sA- J, AJ^t?

Add. 19,274.Foil. 122; 10 in. by 7; 11 lines, 3f in.

POETRY.—SAVDI. 605

ong; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins; dated Safar, A.H. 1197 (A.D.1783).

The Gulistan, wanting the Khatimah.On the first page is written, " John Daw¬

son, 1798."


long; written in fair Nestalik; dated Mu-harram, the 25th year of 'Alam Shah (pro¬bably for Shah 'Alam, i. e. A.II. 1198, A.D.1783). [John Ckawfurd.]

The Gulistan.

Copyist

Or. 349.Foil. 144; 9 in. by 6£; 13 lines, 3| in.

long; written in large and fair Nestalik, with'Unvaii and gold-ruled margins, probably inthe 18th ceutury. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The Gulistan, with seven miniatures infair Indian style.

The following subscription, purportingto have been transcribed from the author'sautograph, states that the MS. was completedin the last decade of Muharram, A.H. 662,on the day in which Shirfiz was taken (byHulagu's army), and the kingdom passedfrom the house of Salghur to other masters:

e.-gr'1 j> j J=- j f *W u-A&N J<S**Jl\ j.y. ,JU3 s~U\ lie uJlâJl kitf&A^~» j ^b**"} o**^ (i >*_;A=*- ^'

^bjs- J! yJu- i^Jl^ JlSil^ £j

Add. 6626.Foil. 112; 9j in. by 5|; 14 lines, 3£ in.

long ; written in Indian Nestalik, probablyin the 18th century. [J. F. Hull.]

The Gulistan.

Add. 16,812.Foil. 85 ; 8 in. by 5|; 15 lines, 3f in. long;

written in fair Indian Nestalik, probably inthe 18th century. [Wm. Yule.]

The G-ulistan, wanting a few lines at tliebeginning.

Add. 17,962.Foil. 110; 8£ in. by 6; 13 lines, 4 in.long;

written in Indian Nestalik ; apparently inthe 18th century.

The Gulistan, transcribed, as stated in aPersian note at the beginning, for Lieut.O'Shea.

Add. 6967.Foil. 21; 7f in. by 6^; 15 lines in a page ;

written by John Haddon Ilindley, on paperwater-marked 1806.

A few extracts from the Gulistan, withEnglish translation.

Add. 5973.Foil. 82; 8 in. by 5|; 17 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in a small Turkish Naskhi;dated Rabi I., A.H. 360 (probably for 960,A.D. 1553).

A Turkish commentary upon the prefaceof the Gulistan, with the text.

Author: Mahmud B. 'Usman B. 'All ul-

Lami'i, 0 *«^JI J* ^ Ûic u ,3 4<

Beg. bij^jj t-AWji^' Ûi u

The author, a Turkish poet, who was bornin Brusa, and died A.H. 938 (Hammer,Gcschichte der Osmanischcn Dichtkunst,vol. ii. p. 20), states at the end that he com¬pleted this work in A.H. 910. See Haj.Khal., vol. v. p. 231, the Vienna Catalogue,vol. i. p. 541, and the Gotha Catalogue, p. 9 I,No. 65.

006 POETRY.—SAM)!.

Or. 1366.Foil. 159; 6| in. by 4&; 21 lines, 2| in.

long; written in small Naskhi, apparently inthe 16th century.

[Sir Ciias. Alex. Murray.]An Arabic Commentary upon the Gulistfm,

with the text.

Author: Ya'kub B. Sayyid 'Ali, ^ l-jJujij>£*»»

Beg. Uijj r *i5\ ^ li!s)jl U J* <d! ^It is stated by Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 230,

that, according to some, the real author ofthis commentary was Muniri (OsmanischeDichtkunst, vol. i. p. 301), and that Sayyid-'Ali-Zadah had appropriated it by putting hisname in the preface. But a later commen¬tator, Sururi, frequently refers to the presentwork as Ibn Sayyid 'All's commentary, inorder to correct its mistakes.

At the beginning of the present copy is anArabic note stating that the author, Ya'kubB. Sayyid All, died on his return from apilgrimage to Mecca, A.H. 931. The samedate is given by Haj. Khal. 1. c, and vol. iv.p. 402, where the same writer is said to havededicated a commentary on the ^jjjLs^to Sultan Sulaiman.

See Uri, p. 96, the Leyden Catalogue,vol. i. p. 355, the Upsala Catalogue, p. 60,Fleischer, Dresden Catalogue, Nos. 33, 242,and the Oude Catalogue, p. 549.

Harleian 5451.Foil. 208; 7 in. by 4f ; 19 lines, 2| in.

long, in a page ; written in small Nestalik ;dated A.H. 982 (A.D. 1574).

An Arabic commentary upon the Gulistan,with the text.

Author: Sururi, ijjjj^Beg. ^-j^ 'U* ^ lS^*» (/jJfl *^ ^-»*^Muslih ud-Din Mustafa B. Sha'ban, poeti¬

cally surnamed Sururi, was the son of a Gal-

lipoli merchant. After teaching at severalMedresehs in Constantinople he was appointedtutor to Prince Mustafa, son of Sultan Sulai¬man, over whom he acquired unboundedinfluence. His royal pupil having been putto death by his father (A.H. 960, see Ham¬mer's Geschichte, vol. iii. p. 315), Sururispent the rest of his life in retirement, anddied A.H. 969, at the age of seventy-twoyears. He had made a special study of Per¬sian poetry, and left, besides the presentwork, commentaries on the Magnavi, the Bus-tan, the Divan of Hiifiz and the Shabistan iKhayal. See Zail ush-Shaka'Ik, Add. 18,519,fol. 10 a,

The author says in his preface that liewrote the present work for the use of hispupil, Sultan {i.e. prince) Mustafa, son ofSultan Sulaiman, because the Gulistan re¬quired a commentary, and he wished tosupply the deficiencies of a former one writtenby some Maula (in the margin, " known asIbn Sayyid 'Ali "), who was unacquaintedwith Persian idioms, and had frequentlymistaken the sense. He says in conclusionthat he had completed the work in Amasia,at the end of Rabi' II., A.H. 957.

See Fleischer, Dresden Catalogue, No. 242,the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 539, the Up¬sala Catalogue, p. 59, the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 343, and the Oude Catalogue,p. 549.

Add. 7745.Foil. 203; 8^ in. by 6; 20 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Turkish Naskhi; datedA.H. 1116 (A.D. 1704). [CI. J. Rich.]

The same commentary.

Sloane 2651.Foil. 188; 8 in. by 5f; 21 lines, 3| in.

long, in a page; written in small Naskhi,apparently in the 18th century.

POETRY.-SA'DI.

A Turkish commentary upon the Gulistan,with the text.

Author: Sham'i,

Beg. yki ^ J 5 \ w bb ^ ^U-Mauklna Sham*!,whose original name was

Mustafa Darvisb, has commented several otherPersian poems, as the Masnavi (p. 589 a),Makhzan ul-Asrar, Mantik ut-tair, Pand-Namah, Busttin, the Divan of Hdfiz, etc. Hedied, according to Hnj. KhaL, some time afterA.H. 1000. His commentary on the Subhatof Jam! is stated, vol. iii. p. 575, to havebeen written in A.II. 1009. See also Dorn,St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 333.

The author states in the preface that hehad written this commentary at the requestof his pupil in Persian, the intendant of theImperial Gardens, Mubammad CbalabT, andbad completed it within five months. It waswritten, as stated in a transcript of theauthor's autograpb, described in Krafft'sCatalogue, p. 48, in A.TL 977, or, accordingto the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 540> A.H.979. Compare the Gotha Catalogue, p. 93.

Add. 7746.Poll. 202; 8 in. by 51; 21 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Naskhi; dated Rabi' I.,A.H. 1224 (A.D. 1809). [CI. J. Rich.]


Add. 19,509.Foil. 251; 74 in. by 5£; 19 lines, 3^ in.

long; written in Naskhi; dated Rabi 1 I.,A.H. 1058 (A.D. 1648).


Harleian 5485.Poll. 239; 8| in. by 4£ ; 21 lines, 2| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, with ruled' margins; dated Constantinople, A.H. 1000

(A.D. 1591).

607

The same commentary.The margins of foil. 3—23 contain the

beginning of the same author's commentaiyupon the Bustan.

Beg. Jj\ ^ ur?See the Upsala Catalogue, p. 99, the

Leyden Catalogue, p. 114, and the GothaCatalogue, p. 69.

Add. 26,156.Poll. 120; 9 in. by G£; 15 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Indian Shikastah-amiz,apparently in the 18th century.

[Wat. Erskink.]

(jjljw*j5Ci»A commentary on the Gulistan.The beginning of the preface is wanting,

and the author's name does not appear. Theremaining portion contains the above title,and the work concludes with some verses,stating that it was written in A.H. 1095.

The margins contain copious notes, in thesame handwriting as the text. Tbe fly-leafhas the title " Kilid e Gulistan " in the hand¬writing of Mr. Erskine.

The marginal notes of a copy of the Gulis¬tan, Add. 26,154 (p. 604 b), include seve¬ral extracts from the present commentary.

Or. 366.Poll. 284; 11 in. by 7; 17 lines, 4| in.

long; written in Indian Shikastah-amiz, ap¬parently in tbe 18th century.


J*A commentary on the Gulistan.Beg. uUiUK jl ^ \jS u^iSjUJi ^The author does not state his name, but

gives to understand, in tbe conclusion, thatit is connected with the words and •it may be Jjlt

608 POETRY.—A.IL 700—800.

It is stated in the preface that the workwas written in the town of Palval (Thorn¬ton's Pulwul, 41 miles south of Dehli), wherethe author lived in retirement.

The date of composition, A.H. 1119, isconveyed in a versified chronogram at theend of the words ^ ^KLJ>. The workconcludes, foil. 279—283, with a summaryof the moral hearings and logical connectionof all the tales of the Gulistan.

The margins contain copious notes in thesame handwriting as the text. From thoseof the last page it appears that the authorhad previously written commentaries on theGulistan and the Magna vi, respectively en¬titled J^ifrl u At and ^y**

Sloane 3587.Foil. 55; 8^ in. by 6; 13 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik; datedRajah, A.H. 1118 (A.D. 1706).

^J>\—>M a!)"Store of the wayfarers," rules of religious

life, illustrated by anecdotes and fables.Author: Amir Husaini, 'nmf. ^\

** S

Beg. sz'o j^s- j\ j>j> ^\ji-iLi^ L> j *£UT

Mir Husaini Sadat, a native of Ghur,became in Multan a disciple of Rukn ud-Din Abul-Eath, grandson and successor ofthe famous Shaikh, Baha ud-Din Zakariyya(Rukn ud-Din died, according to Akhbar ul-Akhyiir, fol. 57, shortly after A.H. 725).He afterwards settled in Herat, where hedied, as stated by JV.mi, Nafahat, p. 705, onthe 16th of Shavviil, A.H. 718. He leftmany Sufi works in prose and verse; thefollowing are especially mentioned: Kanzur-Rumuz, Zad ul-Musafirin, Nuzhat ul-Arvah, Riih ul-Arvah, SinU Mustakim, SiNamah, and Tarab ul-Mahasin. See above,p. L0 a, Habib us-Siyar, vol. hi., Juz 2, p 74,

Eirishtah, vol. ii. p. 762, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 116, and Atashkadah, fol. 60.

The work is divided into eight Makalahs,which, however, are not distinguished in thepresent copy. The date of composition,A.H. 729, which Dr. Sprenger gives fromhis MS., Oude Catalogue, p. 430, is notfound in any of the Museum copies.

See Haj. Khal. vol. iii. p. 528, the LeydenCatalogue, vol. ii. p. 116, the St. PetersburgCatalogue, pp. 356, 438, and the GothaCatalogue, p. 10.

Add. 7750.Poll. 51; 7 in. by 44; 11 lines, 2jj in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Tin vim andgold-ruled margins; dated Muharram, A.H.878 (A.D. 1473). [Cl. J. Rich.]

j\j iir ^" The rose-bed of mystery," a Sufi poem.Author: Mahmiid,Mahmiid B. 'Ahd ul-Karim B. Yahya ash-

Shabistari (or, as in the subscription of thepresent copy, Chapistari), from Shabistar, avillage at eight farsangs from Tabriz, wrote,beside the present work, three Sufi tracts en¬titled Hakk ul-Yakin (Add. 16,832, i., andMelanges Asiatiqms, vol. v. p. 229), Risalahi Shahid, and Saadat Namah (Add. 27,201,xxiv). He died A.H. 720. See Majalis ul-'Ushshak, fol. 97, Haft Iklim, fol. 508, Riyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 405, and Ataslikadah, fol. 17.

Beg. c^=-y«T cij,5j ^iW *5oT JjjThe author states in the prologue that he

had written this work in answer to somequestions in verse, received by messenger, inA.H. 717, from some eminent personage ofKhorasan, whose name is not given. (Itwas, according to J ami, Nafahat, p. 705,Amir Husaini, mentioned under the pre¬ceding No.). Although he had composednumerous works in prose, he had never

POETRY.—AMIR KHUSBAU. 009

attempted poetry. Yielding, however, to theinstances of his friends, he wrote the answersin the same form as the questions, i.e. inMasnavl rhyme, and completed them in thespace of a few hours. The questions, whichrelate to the meaning of some Sufi terms,are given in their original form, and each isfollowed by the answer.

The work has been edited, with a Germanversion, by Hammer, "Roscnfiur des Geheim-nisses," Pesth, 1838. It is noticed in theJahrbiicher, vol. 66, Anzeige-Blatt, p. 26,the Vienna Catalogue, vol. iii. p. 425, Krafffc,p. 66, and the St. Petersburg Catalogue,pp. 212, 349.

Add. 8992.Foil. 48; 6 in. by 4; 11 lines, 2\ in. long;

written in small Shikastah-amiz; dated A.H.1220 (A.D. 1805).

The same work.

Add 21,104.Poll. 892; 9£ in. by 6£; 19 lines, 3 in.

long, with 34 lines in the margins; writtenin small Nestalik, with 'Unvan, illuminatedheadings, and gold-ruled margins; datedBabi' L, A.H. 923 (A.D. 1517).

[H. Steinschuss.]

oUKThe complete poetical works of Amir

Khusrau, who died A.H. 725; see p. 240 b.The works of Amir Khusrau are mentioned

by Sir Gore Ouseley, in his Notices, pp. 148—163, by Dr. Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, pp.467—470, and by Dr. Dorn, St. PetersburgCatalogue, pp. 350. In the last work theyare stated to have been collected by the poetSaifl, whose preface is preserved in one of the

VOL. II.

MSS. there described. An account of theircontents by Baushan AH (Ziya ud-Dln Khan)is preserved in Or. 1869, foil. 3—16, and adetailed analysis, with translated extracts,by Sir Henry Elliot, of such of Khusrau'spoems as are of historical interest, Mall befound in the History of India, vol. iii.pp. 524—566.

The contents are as follows:

I. Pol. 5 b. j^aW JuLs?, Poems ofadolescence, with a prose preface by theauthor.

Beg. <if>-J C>)) Jjljl

Khusrau speaks in the preface of his pre¬cocious taste for poetry, and quotes a Ruba'iextemporized by him in his childhood in thepresence of Khwajah lIzz ud-Din, from whomhe received the poetical surname of Sultilni,adopted in his early compositions. Muchagainst his will, he states further on, somepoems composed by him from his fifteenth tohis nineteenth year had been collected by hisbrother Taj ud-Din Zahir, who, moreover,forged a chain (" Silsilah ") for the fasteningof that ship (or anthology, " Safinah ").

The links of that chain are distichs pre¬fixed to each of the separate poems. Allhave the same measure and rhyme, so as toform one connected poom, binding togetherthe loose contents of the Divan. A similarSilsilah is found in each of the next-followingfour collections.

The Tuhfat us-Sighar consists of Kasldahsand Tarji'-bands. They are in praise ofSultan Ghiyag ud-Din Balban (A.H. 664 —686), of his son Sultan-Muhammad KaMn,commonly called Khan i Shahld, of somegreat personages of Balban's court, andfinally of the poet's spiritual guide, ShaikhNizam ud-Din Auliya.

In this, as well as in the four followingDivans, every piece has prefixed to it thename and scansion of its metre.

A A

610 POETRY.—AMIR KHUSRAU.

II. Pol. 51 b. Jjas^ Poems of mid¬dle life, with a prose preface.

Beg. Ûo j ±>\j> Û- &\-z«j\The pieces here collected were composed

by Khusrau, as stated in the preface, Add.25,807, from his twentieth to his thirty-fourthyear (in other copies " from his twenty-fourthto his thirty-second year "). They are Kasi-dahs and Tarjl'-bands, in praise of NizamAuliyfi, of Nusrat ud-DIn Sultan Muhammad,the eldest son of Balban, and the poet'sspecial patron, whose death in battle in themonth of Zuhhijjah, A.H. 683, is here re¬corded. Others are addressed to Mu'izz ud-Din Kaikubad, who reigned A.H. 686—689,to Ikhtiyar ud-Daulah B. Kishli Khan, andother Amirs of that period.

III. Pol. 139 b. J\âJl tji., Poems ofmaturity, with preface.

Beg. j\ J>\.~*>\ JU^^s^frIn the preface the author discourses at

great length on the excellence of poetry ingeneral, on the superiority of Persian toArabic poetry, on the different kinds ofpoetical talent, and on his own rank amongPersian poets. He names, as his great models,Sanai and Khakani in contemplative poetry,Razi and Kamal in invention, Nizami andSa'di in Masnavi and Ghazals. He then goeson to state that he had been urged to collectthe present Divan by his brother, the eminentpenman, 'Ala ud-Din 'Alishah, and expatiateson the great variety of poetical figures orornaments mX>o which he had originated,concluding with a sketch of his life. Thepoems included in the present collection, hestates, had been written from his thirty-fourthto his forty-third year, or from A.H. 685 toto the end of A.H. 693.

This Divan, which exceeds the others inbulk, consists of Kasidahs, fol. 190 b, Tarji'-bands, fol. 286 b, and Kit ahs, fol. 297 6.

The poems are in praise of Nizam ud-DIn

Auliya, of the Sultans Mu'izz ud-Din Kaiku¬bad (A.H. 686—689) and Jalal ud-Din PlruzShah (A.H. 689-695), of the latter's suc¬cessor, Rukn ud-Din Ibrahim (A.H. 695),of 'Ala ud-Din Muhammad Shah (A.H.695—715), lastly of the Amirs Ikhtiyar ud-Din 'All B. Aibak, Saif ud-Daulah Barbak,Taj ud-DIn Alp Khan GhazI, Taj ud-DaulahMalik Chhaju, and some others.

IV. Poll. 317 b. juSi Select rem¬nants, or poems of old age, with preface.

Beg. &\j>.j£j* *&saJ fisJo &T ^^=-The author treats in the preface of the

different kinds of Ghazals, and illustrates bycopious and fanciful images the distinctivecharacters of each of his four Divans. Thedate of compilation is not given, but fromthe fact of an elegy on the death of Sultan'Ala ud-Din, A.II. 715, being included, itmay be inferred that the Divan was completedbut a few years before the poet's death.

The collection consists of Kasidahs, fol.331 a, Tarji'-bands, fol. 377 b,' and Mukat-ta'at, fol. 386 a. Most of the poems areaddressed to Muhammad Shah ('Ala ud-DIn),others to his sons, Kutb ud-DIn MubarakShah and Khizr Khan, and to various Amirsof his court.

The preceding four Divans have beenprinted with the title of Kulliyat i Amir Khus¬rau in the press of Naval Kishor, Lucknow.

V. Pol. 393 b. SJ~±- A collection ofGhazals and Ruba'is.

Beg. .w, J jUi- y U3J} U JU-j ^\The contents originally formed part of the

preceding four Divans. With the exceptionof the first twelve pieces, which are in praiseof God and the prophet, the Ghazals are ar¬ranged in alphabetical order according to therhyme-letters, and, under each letter, thosewhich have the same measure are groupedtogether, the name and scansion of the metrebeing prefixed to each class. At the end,

POETRY.—AMIR KHUSRAU. Oil

foil. 861 b —871 a, are Rubais without alpha¬betical arrangement.

VI. Poll. 871 b. pi\ " The key ofvictories," a poetical account in Masnavirhyme of the campaigns of Jaliil ud-DinPiruz-Shah during the first year of his reign,i.e. from his accession, A.H. 689, to hisreturn to Dehli in Jumada II., A.H. 690, thetime at which, as stated in the conclusion, thepoem was written.

Beg. jleT r *J y*f*This Masnavi was originally included in

the Ghurrat ul-Kamiil. An abstract of itscontents is given by Sir II. Elliot, Historyof India, vol. iii. pp. 530—544.

The following works are written in themargins:—

VII. Pol. 5 b. j\y^\ ^k*, A moral andreligious poem, written in imitation of theMakhzan ul-Asrar of Nizami, and in thesame measure.

Beg. cr*-=-/ d\jjSi ._l!L»j CL*~*\ (_>*jAi' .villi-

The poem is dedicated to Sultan 'Ala ud-Din Muhammad Shah. The author states inthe concluding lines, fol. 105 b, that it con¬tains 3310 distichs, and was written in twoweeks, A.H. 098.

VIII. Poll. 100 b. Jr ± } Shirin uKhusrau, an imitation of Nizami's Khusrauu Shirin.

Beg. Ûio JL*- \j ^jÛij t\j ^-XjLi

It is also dedicated to 'Ala ud-Din, and con¬tains a chapter of advice to the author's son,Mas'ud, then in his tenth year. It is stated,towards the end, fol. 232 b, that this wasthe second poem written in imitation of Ni¬zami's Khamsah, and that it was completedat the beginning of Rajab, A.H. 098. It isadded that the poem consists of 4124 distichs.

IX. Poll. 233 b. MajnunLaila, in imitation of Nizami's Laila u Maj¬nun.

Beg. )\ **-LJ>j*- lW ij^j\dj.it iy>j>- t±Z> y j\ J^fr

This poem, which is also dedicated toSultan 'Ala ud-Din, is stated to contain 2000distichs, and was written, like the two pre¬ceding, in A.H. 698; see fol. 312 b. Thetext has been lithographed in Calcutta, A.H.1244, and in Lucknow, A.H. 1280.

X. Pol. 313 b. ,jr;A£» The mirrorof Alexander, a counterpart to the IskandarNamah of Nizami.

Beg. c^~>y ^j-î- Ifcl^j'j ylv?"C^»\J ^_»L5»jli ±>\ \> Jjl

This poem is also dedicated to Ala ud-Din. It is stated at the end, fol. 445 «, tohave been written in A.II. 699, and to con¬tain 4450 distichs. •

In some copies, as Add. 24,983, 22,099,etc., the beginning is

Li«*>y> ^jbliob L>,taA»0>*«y ^^ti*- S>\ î^c&i* \*j

XI. Pol. 447 b. c^l t > The eightparadises, a poem on the loves of Bahrain,written in imitation of Nizami's Haft Paikar.

Beg. ^)y- fitsiA^Sd^-fj (jâ-j

The author states at the end, fol. 540 b,that this poem was completed A.H. 701, andthat it contains 3352 distichs. He adds inan appendix, Jj.i, that the whole Khamsah(the five preceding poems, artt. vii—xi.)had been completed in the space of threeyears, and that it had been revised and cor¬rected by Kazi Shihab ud-Din, whom hedescribes as the most accomplished scholarof the age.

XII. Pol. 544 b. yi>*+J\ & ]J, The con¬junction of the two lucky planets, a poeticalaccount of the meeting of Sultan Mu'izz ud-

a a 2

G12 POETRY.—AMIR KHUSRAU.

Din Kaikubad and his father Nasir ud-DinBughra Khun), Sultan of Bengal, which tookplace in Dehli, A.H. 688.

Beg. ti^—ii ^_ Ajj* jjjViA- J**

C^vmjjS &y*&

It is stated towards the end, fol. 647 b,that the poem was written in three months,and completed in Ramazan, A.H. 688, theauthor being then in his 36th year.

See the analysis of the poem by Sir H.Elliot, History of India, vol. iii. pp. 524—531, and the extracts by Prof. Cowell,Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,vol. xxix. pp. 225—239.

The Kiran us-Sa'dain has been lithographedin Lucknow, A.H. 1259, and edited, with acommentary, by Maulavl Kudrat Ahmad,Lucknow, A.H. 1261.

XIII. Pol. 660 b. fci, The ninespheres, a poetical description of the courtof Kutb ud-Din Mubarak Shah, with anaccount of the principal events of his reign.

Beg. lib su-^—i j*» j ^Ju/

iili^ (^lfc,t> i jjo ^ tS

In the prologue, which contains a dedica¬tion to Kutb ud-Din, Khusrau says that hisage was then over sixty, and he names thethree Sultans who had successively been hispatrons, and the objects of his panegyrics,namely, Mu'izz ud-Din Kaikubad, FlruzShah, and Ala ud-Din.

See the analysis of this poem by Sir H.Elliot, History of India, vol. iii. p. 557. Thepoem is there stated to have been completedon the 30th of Jumada II., A.H. 718, whenthe poet was sixty-five years of age. Com¬pare Stewart's Catalogue, p. 63.

XIV. Pol. 790 &. j& ^j-i/'Duval-rani Khizr Khan," a poem on the love ad¬ventures of Khizr Khan, son of Sultan 'Alaud-Din, with Deval Rani, the daughter ofllai Karn of Gujrat.

Beg. oojU-i- J] iJojut

tojtl lib ^

This poem, which is dedicated to Sultan'Ala ud-Din, was written at the request ofprince Khizr Khan, from a narrative pennedby himself. But it was not finished untilafter the death of 'Ala ud-Din and KhizrKhan. It is often called and some¬times s^LLs- or &iLip; but the above is thetitle given to it by the author in the intro¬duction, fol. 809 a.

J1c> (JLS»lfr fj)\ t»->Uai-

^fciijii li-iUc jtaJf (j,y_jii

Khusrau states in the same passage thatthe heroine's name, which was originallyi^A^ii, had been changed by him, for con¬venience's sake, to ^)^, pronouncing thefirst part like the plural of Daulat—

jii &y? Jj^*x>Lj

The text breaks off at the end of thesection in which is recorded the tragic endof Khizr Khan and Deval Rani. In theconclusion, as found in other copies (Add.7776, fol. 119 a, Or. 335, fol. 154 b), thepoet states Hiat he wrote this poem inthe space of four months and a few days,and that he completed it on the 6th of Zul-ka'dah, A.H. 715. He adds that it consistedoriginally of 4200 verses; but that 319 linesadded after the death of Khizr Khan,brought up the total to 4519.

An abstract of the poem is given bySir H. Elliot, History of India, vol. iii. pp.544—557. See also E. Thomas, PathanKings, p. 176, and Aumer, Munich Catalogue,p. 22.

The MS. contains two whole-page minia¬tures at the beginning, and fifteen of smallersize in the body of the volume, all in Persianstyle. On the first page is an illuminatedshield enclosing a table of contents.

POETRY.—AMIR KHUSRAU. 613

Add. 25,807.Foil. 521; lli in. by 7; 17 lines, 3 in.

long, with 24 lines in the margin; writtenin fair Ncstalik, with three 'Unviins and gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16th cen¬tury. [Wm. Cureton.J

JJ~** ^l***The five Divans of Amir Khusrau in their

original shape, that is to say, including theGhazals and Masnavis. The MS. has somelacunes and transpositions, and the text isfar from correct.

The contents are :—

I. Pol. 2 b. ijxJ) L~>j, the second Divan(p. 610, art. ii.), first half.

The preface, which agrees with that of thepreceding copy, is preceded by two lines inArabic beginning:

OljsA**^ Ojla*> jJ> «M J.*ji?Contents: Kasidahs, fol. 7 b. Tarji'-band,

fol. 42 a.This second section breaks off in the begin¬

ning of the last Tarji'-band (Add. 21,104,fol. 132 b).

II. Fol. 52 b- «-Hj *jJu, the fourth Divan(p. 610, art. iv.), wanting the preface, andsome lines at beginning and end. It beginswith the following verse of the Silsilah:—

^\ jA» <ja-x?j *JLi d*—^Contents: Kasidahs, fol. 52 b. Tarji's, fol.

77 b. Masnavls, fol. 82 a. Kit'ahs (most ofwhich are not found in the preceding copy),fol. 85 a. Ghazals, fol. 99 a. Ruba is, fol.130 a.

The Ghazals, in this and the followingDivans, are not in alphabetical order.

III. Fol. 141 a. j*t& &a*2, the first Divan(p. 609, art. i.) wanting the preface andabout three pages at the beginning.

Contents Kasidahs, fol. 141 a. Tarji's,

fol. 163 a. Kit'ahs, fol. 167 b. Ghazals, fol.169 a. Ma§navis, fol. 184 a. Rubii'is, fol.187 a.

The Kit'ahs and Magnavis are not foundin the preceding copy.

IV. Fol. 193 a. A series of Ghazals, pro¬bably from the Ghurrat ul-Kamal (p. 610,art. iii.), imperfect at beginning and end.

Beg. djj ^ uiiil w UfcW ^ J jUV. Fol. 223 a. The latter half of the

second Divan, 'iyxJ^ la**^, beginning with thelast Tarji'-band, and containing Kit'ahs, fol.223 a, Magnavis, fol. 227 a, Ghazals, fol.236 a, and Rubii'is, fol. 307 *.

VI. Fol. 327 b. JUJlM o^-p, the thirdDivan, with the preface, to which is prefixedthe following line in Arabic:

Jl£M "if- t±S> eh>\ edMContents: Kasidahs, fol. 359 a. Tarji's,

fol. 417 b. Ghazals, 423 a. Ruba'is, fol.425 a.

There is a gap, apparently of considerableextent, after fol. 422; the latter part of theTarjl's, the whole of the Kit'ahs and Ma§-navis, and the greater part of the Ghazalsare wanting.

VII. Fol. 442 b. JlXll e^o.V, the fifthof the author's Divans, comprising the poemsof the last years of his life, with a preface.

Beg. J^iM u-*j ^\ i_*t>^1 «U1 f-jThe preface, which is confined to the

praises of God, the prophet, and the author'sspiritual guide, Nizam ud-Din, gives no clueto the date of the compilation. But theDivan includes an elegy on the death ofSultan Kutb ud-Din Mubarak Shah, A.H.720, fol. 464 b, several poems addressed toGhiyas ud-Din Tughluk (A.II. 720—725),and to his son and presumptive heir Fakhrud-Din Ulugh Khan, foil. 465,466, and even apoem on the festive entrance of the latter into

Dehli after his accession as Muhammad Shah,A.II. 725, fol. 467 a, an event which tookplace a few months before the death of thepoet.

Contents : Preface, fol. 442 b. Kasidahs,fol. 444 a. Tarji's, fol. 464 b. Masnavis,fol. 469 a. Kit'ahs, fol. 473 b. Ghazals, fol.475 b. Rubk'Is, fol. 519 a.

The Nihayat ul-Kamal is mentioned in theMir'at Aftahnuma, fol. Ill, as the last of thefive Divans of Khusrau.

Add. 23,549.Foil. 290; 9J in. by 5£; 19 lines, 3| in.


JUO SJ>The third Divan of Amir Khusrau (p. 610,

art. iii.), with some lacunes.Contents : Preface, fol. 2 b (wanting about

seven leaves after fol. 33, corresponding toAdd. 21,104, foil. 165 b— 171 a). Kasidahs,fol. 59 b. Tarji's, fol. 150 b. Ghazais, fol.161 b (Add. 25,807, foil. 205 a— 208 b).Kit'ahs, fol. 170 a. Masnavis (imperfect atthe end), fol. 190 a. Ghazals, foil. 228 a—253 b (imperfect at beginning and end, cor¬responding to Add. 25,807, foil. 196 6—205 a,208 6—218 a). Rubais, foil. 254 a—291 b,(also imperfect at beginning and end, corres¬ponding to Add. 25,807, foil. 427 a—438 a).

The Masnavis include Miftah ul-Futuh(p. 611, art.vi.), a narrative of the poet's jour¬ney to Oude with the Sultan's army (A.IT.687), addressed to his brother Zfihid(see Elliot,vol. iii. p. 535), and a few shorter poems.

Add. 22,700.Poll. 475; 8 in. by 44; 14 lines, 2\ in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, with 'Unvan,ornamented headings, and gold-ruled mar¬

gins, dated Ramazan, A. H. 890 (A.D.1485). [Sir John Campbell.]

Jj—*- jh*Â collection of Ghazals from all four

Divans of Amir Khusrau, arranged in onealphabetical series.

Beg. ^^-JLxJI Lr>j <*ll w b| J ^>\jÂfl-Û J(l &x±&. y U

The arrangement differs from a similarcollection described p. 610, art. v., and thenumber of poems is much smaller. Afterthe Ghazals are found some Mukatta'at, fol.453 a, not in alphabetical order, and someRuba is alphabetically arranged, fol. 465 a.

Copyist: j^*? ^,^1 JiU-


long ; written in an elegant Nestalik, with arich 'Unvan, gold-ruled margins, and orna¬mental headings throughout; dated Sha'ban,A.II. 895 (A.D. 1490); bound in stampedand painted covers.

Another copy of the Divan of AmirKhusrau, substantially agreeing, in bothcontents and arrangement, with the preced¬ing MS. It contains also some MukattaVit,fol. 313 b, and Ruba'Is in alphabetical order,fol. 319 a.

Copyist: â-M j j-o ^>-\»- ^,^1 *-*-*■->Urffcikjl

Add. 7757.Poll. 452 ; 9 in. by 5 ; 15 lines, 2| in. long;

written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan and gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16th cen¬tury. [01. J. Rich.]

The Divan of Amir Khusrau, containingGhazals in alphabetical order, and, at theend, Mukatta'at, fol. 434 a, and Ruba'Is, fol.440 b, both without alphabetical arrangement.

POETRY.—AMIR KHUSRAU. 615

The contents differ considerably from those ofthe two preceding copies.

Add. 7756.Foil. 174; 8^ in. by 5f; 14 lines, 3| in.


[CI. J. Rich.]The Divan of the same poet, containing

Ghazals in alphabetical order, a Tarji', fol.163 a, some Kif/ahs, fol. 164 a, and Rubfi'Js,fol. 166 b, the last two sections without alpha¬betical arrangement. All the Ghazals in \,but the last seventeen, are wanting, and theMS. is also imperfect at the end. The num¬ber of Ghazals is considerably less than inthe preceding copies.

Or. 474.Foil. 267; 7| in. by 4|; 13 lines, 2g in.


Ghazals selected from the four Divans ofAmir Khusrau (p. 609, artt. i.—iv.), andalphabetically arranged.

Beg. \j *<ol-*f > p\j jo

Each Ghazal has a heading showing fromwhich of the four Divans it was taken.

The collection is much smaller than Add.21,104, v., and differently arranged.

The first two leaves, and the last two,which contain sixteen Ruba'is in alphabeticalorder, are by a later hand.

Foil. 260—267 contain Jami's preface tohis Ilaft Aurang, fol. 260 b, and the begin¬ning of the Silsilat uz-Zahab.

Add. 24,983.Foil. 136 ; 10i in. by 1\ ; 22 lines, 3| in.

long, with 48 lines in the margin; writtenin four gold-ruled columns, in a minute Nes¬

talik, with rich 'Unvans and marginal orna¬ments ; dated Herat, A.H. 917 (A.D. 1511);bound in stamped and gilt leather.

i * „

j^r**">*" _^ ,"e ' ♦ ***

The Khamsah, or five poems of AmirKhusrau (p. 611, artt. vii.—xi.), viz.: Mafia*ul-Anvar, fol. 2 b. Shirin u Khusrau, fol.28 b. Majniin u Laila, fol. 60 b. A'inah iSikandari, fol. 80 b. Hasht Bihisht, fol. 113 b.

An illuminated shield on the first pagecontains the following inscription: ^j>\j^

^UaLJl &>\j>- +m»j> s^y-J\ ftjAe jj—

w lkU ^jUN $\ J^l je*X\IS.iL, J*. yWjil^J

"The five Poems of Amir Khusrau ofDehli, mercy be upon him; for the libraryof the great Sultan, the just and noble Kha-kan, Abu-l-Ghiizi Sultan Husain BahadurKhan, may his reign last for ever."

Abul-GhazI Sultan Husain died in A.H.911. It is strange to find him designated asthe reigning sovereign in a MS. written sixyears after his death, and at a time whenHerat and all Khorasan had passed into thepossession of Shah Isma'il Safavi.

At the end of the Matla' ul-Anvar is foundthe following subscription : jaj <_->ljS3! e^-*>

ijJuj ^ jljjjA w j Je. j^sf JjSl k_J\j,

^U?-^^ 51 _j oU5l\ adM aJai*.

iolv«-~j' _j fu»*»

Similar colophons, bearing the same date,are appended to the fourth and fifth poems.

On the first page is impressed the seal ofKabil Khan, servant of 'Alamgir Padishah,with the date 1097. Kabil Khan was ap¬pointed imperial librarian about the middleof 'Alamgir's reign. See Tazkirat ul-Umara,fol. 82.

Add. 22,699.Foil. 209; 131 in. by 8|; 22 lines, b\ in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four columns,


with five rich 'Unvfms, gold headings andgold-ruled margins; dated A.H. 978 (A.D.1571). [Sir John Campbell.]

The same Khamsah.Two whole-page miniatures, in fair Per¬

sian style, are prefixed to each of the fivepoems.

Copyist: *M i_flW ^ Lr~*?

Add. 7752.Poll. 188; 9 in. by 6\ ; 25 lines, 4 in.

long; written in small Nestalik, in fourcolumns, with five 'Unviins; dated RabI' II.,A.H. 981 (A.D. 1573). [CI. J. Rich.]

The same Khamsah.

Copyist: sjjL*. ^ ti^-J 1

Add. 7751.Poll. 245; 9| in. by 6|; 19 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four gold-ruledcolumns, with five Tnvans; dated A.H. 982,(A.D. 1574); bound in painted covers.

[CI. J. Rich.]The same Khamsah.The volume contains eleven whole-page

miniatures, in the Persian style of the 18thcentury. A note on the first page states thatit was given by Muhammad Kazim B. Jalalud-Dln Muhammad Mazandarani to his sonMuhammad Hashim. The former's sealbears the date 1100.

Add. 26,159.Poll. 232; 10$ in. by 6i; 20 lines, 4J in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four gold-ruled columns, with five 'Unvans; apparentlyearly in the 17th century. [Wm. Erskine.]

The same Khamsah.

Add. 21,976.Poll. 92; 2 in. by 4±; 19 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in two gold-

ruled columns, with 'Unvan; dated Rilndi-jah, district of Ahmadabad, Gujrat, ZulhijjahA.H. 995 (A.D. 1587).

Matla' ul-Anvar (sec p. 611, art. vii.).Copyist: li" ^> J&m


long; written in fair Nestalik, with goldheadings; dated Sha'ban, A.H. 885 (A.D.1480).

A'inah i Sikandari (see p. 611, art. x.).

Add. 16,785.Poll. 99; 5J in. by 8|; 13 lines, If in.

long, with 8 lines in the margin; written insmall Nestalik, apparently about the close ofthe 15th century. [Wm. Yule.]

Hasht Bihisht (see p. 611, art. xi.).Poll. 83, 84, and 97—99, have been sup¬

plied by a later hand.A note on the first page states that the

MS. was purchased for the library of theKadiriyyah in A.H. 1050.

Add. 16,784.Poll. 110; 8i in. by 4 ; 15 lines, 2f in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Pathabad,Rabi' I., the 9th year of Muhammad Shah(A.H. 1139, A.D. 1726). ' [Wm. Yule.]

The same poem.Copyist: Lj>~~>- p£

Add. 7753.Poll. 145; 9£ in. by 6£; 14 fines, 3 in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in two gold-ruled columns, on gold-sprinkled paper, witha rich 'Unvan, and illuminated headingsthroughout; dated Herat, Rajab, A.H. 921(A.D. 1515). [CI. J. Rich.]

Kiran us-Sa'dain; see p. 611, art. xii.The MS. is endorsed ^Aso }TJ>- J^USJI ijjj

POETRY.—AMIR KHUSRAU. G17

It contains four whole-page miniatures inPersian style.

The transcriber, ylliL., SultanMuhammad Khandan, is mentioned in theHabib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 350, as askilled penman then (A.H. 930) still livingin Herat.


long; written in fair Nestalik; dated Safar,A.H. 1000 (A.D. 1591). [Wm. Erskine.]

The same poem.Copyist: ^Jb~£ yjJl i_-*la>'

Add. 18,413.Poll. 104; 9 in. by 5 ; 15 lines, 3$ in. long;

written in Nestalik; dated Shahjahanabad,in the reign of Muhammad Shah (A.D. 1719—1748). [Wm. Ytjle.|

The same poem.Copyist: J>^j+*



The same work.The first page bears the stamp of General

Claud Martin.

Egerton 1033.Poll. 144; 10 in. by 6£; 15 lines, 4 in.

long; written in a rude Indian hand, atRamnagar, apparently in the 18th century.

The same work.

Copyist: oU> ^xJl» oJ, Li, ^^»-^ '(jyLail

Or. 364.Foil. 65; 9 in. by 5£; 20 lines, 3| in.

VOL. II.

long; written in small Nestalik; dated Safar,A.H. 1136 (A.l). 1723).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton. |A commentary on the Kiran us-SaMain.Author : Nur Muhammad, called Kazi Nur

ul-Hakk DihlavT, ^j)^

Beg. \j ^'jiiibj* J^»-j ^>j^ ftAki-

The work is dedicated to Majd ud-DinMaulana Shaikh 'Abd ul-Hakk, the author'sfather and instructor. Both have beenalready mentioned. See pp. 14 a and 224 b.

The date of composition, A.H. 1014, isingeniously indicated in the following chro¬nogram :—

y. eAs*J } vs* r^-ry\j> j^i. ^

It is obtained by deducting from the total

produced by the title ^.-v*~M JiJ ^L, namely1084, the "eye" of the word ^oc " fault,"

that is to say, the value of the letter £, viz.70.

See Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 471.

Or. 335.Foil. 158; 9 in. by 5^ ; 14 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins; dated A.H. 982(A.D. 1574). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

Duvalrani Khizr Khan (see p. 612, xiv.),with three whole-page miniatures in thePersian style.

Add. 7754.Poll. 153; 9| in. by 6; 12 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik on gold-sprinkled paper, with a rich 'Unvan, and illu¬minated borders, probably early in the 16thcentury. I CI. J. Rich.]

The same poem, with six whole-pageminiatures in fair Persian style.

Copyist: i»JiiJl ^ t\£»B B

618 POETRY.—A.

Harleian 414.Foil. 120; 9± in. by 5£; 19 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in cursive Ncstalik, in Sultan-pur, apparently in the 17th century.

The same poem, called in the subscriptionlitxLc-

Copyist: cft^slibb


long; written in neat Nestalik, with TTnvfmand gold-ruled margins; dated A.H. 922(A.D. 1526).

L*L^° (â-The Divan of Mir Hasan, of Dehli.

Beg. pjjC jjIj ^,1^ j Û- Ôji> _j JJ lI^^s?

Khwajah Hasan, or Amir Hasan, surnamedNajm ud-Din, son of 'Ala'i Sanjari, was anative of Dehli, and an intimate friend ofAmir Khusrau, with whom he stayed fiveyears in Multan, A.H. 678—683, at thecourt of Muhammad Sultan, the eldest sonof Ghiya§ ud-Din Balban. Like Khusrau,he was one of the court-poets of Sultan 'Alaud-Din Khilji (A.II. 695—715) to whommost of his laudatory poems are addressed.At the age of fifty-three he joined, throughAmir Khusrau's influence, the circle of dis¬ciples which surrounded Nizam ud-Din Au-liya, and soon became one of the favouriteMurids of the holy Shaikh, whose teachinghe attended from A.H. 707 to 722, and whoseutterances he wrote down from day to dayunder the title of Fava'id ul-Fu'ad (Or. 1806,2001). When Sultan Muhammad B. Tugh-luk, in A.H. 727 (see Badaoni, vol. i. p. 226),laid Dehli waste, and forcibly removedits inhabitants to his new capital Deogir, orDaulatfibad, Amir Hasan went with them,

H. 700—800.

and died, according to the same author,p. 201, in the same year. Taki Kfishi, how¬ever, gives A. H. 745, and the Khulasatul-Afkfir, fol 65, A.H. 738, as the date ofMir Hasan's death.

The historian Ziya Barani, who was theconstant associate of Mir Hasan, and ofAmir Khusrau, speaks with enthusiasm ofthe former's gifts and moral character, andsays that he was called the Sa'di of Hin¬dustan. See Tarikh i Firiizshahi, pp. 67,359. Other notices will be found in Nafahatul-Uns, p. 711, Akhbar ul-Akhyar, fol. 87,Firishtah, vol. i. p. 214, vol. ii. p 737, HaftIklim, fol. 153, and Daulatshfih, fol. 168.See also Hammer, Redekiinste, p. 232, andSprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 418.

Contents: Kasidahs, not alphabeticallyarranged, fol. 2 b. Ghazals in alphabeticalorder, fol. 35 b. Kit/ahs, fol. 244 a. A Mas-navi, in praise of Sultan *Ala ud-Din, fol.246 b. Rubais, fol. 248 a.

The Kasidahs are nearly all in praise ofSultan 'Ala ud-Din Khilji (A.H. 695—715).Two are addressed respectively to UlughKhan (afterwards Sultan Muhammad), andKhizr Khan, the sons of Sultan Ghiyag.ud-Din Tughluk (A.H. 720—725).

A note on the first page states that theMS. belonged to Katib Zadah MuhammadBafi', the first court physician, s«o\o- ^

Copies of the Divan are mentioned in theSt. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 356, Ouseley'sCollection, No. 178, the Gotha Catalogue,p. 73, and the Munich Catalogue, p. 22.

Add. 7747.Foil. 304 ; 7£ in. by 4|; 16 lines, 2.} in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, in two gold-ruled columns, probably in the 16th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]

L$Oo-j\The Divan of Auhadi.

POETRY.—A.H. 700—800. 619

Rukn ud-Din Auhadi, sometimes calledMaraghi, from Mariighah, which appears tohave been his birthplace, and sometimesIsfahan!, from his habitual residence, Isfahan,took his poetical surname Auhadi from hisspiritual guide, Shaikh Auhad ud-Din HumidKirmanI, who died A.H. 697 (see Oude Cata¬logue, p. 48, and Nafahiit, p. 684). He left,besides his Divan, a poem called Jam i Jam,composed A.H. 733, and another entitledDab Nilmah, dedicated to a grandson ofNaslr ud-Din Tusi (Majalis ul-Muminln, fol.334, and Haj. Khal., vol. hi. p. 239). Au¬hadi died in Mariighah, near Tabriz, and thedate of his death, A.H. 738, was engravedupon his tomb. See Nafahiit ul-Uns, p. 706,Lubb ut-Tavarikh, Add. 23,512, fol. 107,and Riyiiz ush-Shu'arii, fol. 20.

Daulatshah, who witli his usual inaccuracyconfounded Auhadi with his master Auhadud-Din, makes him die A.H. 697. He hasbeen followed by Taki Kashi, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 17, and the Haft Iklim, fol. 362.Compare Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 360.

Contents: Kasidahs and Tarp-bands, fol.1 a. This section, which contains religiousand Sufi poems, without alphabetical arrange¬ment, is imperfect at the beginning. Thefirst complete piece begins thus:—

\jc CU^^j Jj-i*

Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol. 48 a, alsoimperfect at the beginning. The first com¬plete Ghazal begins thus :—

j^- $ 3 Ls- ^

lluba'is, without alphabetical arrrangement,fol. 297 a.

In a poem included in the first section,fol. 16 b, Auhadi addresses Khwajah Salman(p. 624 b), a contemporary poet, whose prideand ambition he severely reproves.

The Divan of Auhadi is mentioned by Haj.Khal. vol. iii. p. 264, and an extract from itis noticed in the Gotha Catalogue, p. 72.

Add. 7090.Poll. 156; 9 in. by 5 ; 15 lines, 2| in. long;

written in Nestalik; dated Sirhind, Zul-ka'dah, A.H. 1038 (A.D. 1629).

r r w" The Cup of Jamshid," a poem in the

style of the Hadlkah of Banal (p. 549 «),and in the same measure, by Auhadi.

Beg. JL>' Si >/d &\ JiJ|jS* i^/*

The prologue contains eulogies upon thereigning Sultan Abu Said, (A.H. 716—736),and his Vazir Gliiyas ud-T)In Muhammad B.Rashid (A.H. 728—736), to the latter of whomthe poem is dedicated. It is divided intothree sections, called jS &, or " circles." Itwas composed, as stated in the conclusion,fol. 155 a, in the space of one year, and com¬pleted in A.H. 733 :—

JLi p-I-j/ j-> £^\sj j?.JL*) ^*>> tZij S*aXiS>

Copyist: ^j-m^ Jac-See Haj. Khal., vol. ii. p. 498, Sprenger,

Oude Catalogue, p. 362, and the ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 543.

Or. 333.Foil. 114; 8 in. by 17 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century. [Geo. VVm. Hamilton.]•

The same poem, wanting the last fourlines.

In this copy the date of composition isA.H. 732, fol. 113 h :

Ju» jj>j iJ^b*The last four distiehs are wanting.On the first page are the stamps of the

kind's of Oude, and some earlier seals, datedA.H. 1111—1117.

620 POETRY.—KHWAJU KIRMANI.

Add. 18,113.Foil. 93; 12| in. by 9^ ; 25 lines, 5 in.

long; written in a small and elegant Nes-talik, in four gold-ruled columns, with threerich 'Unvans, and gold headings; datedBaghdad, Jumada I., A.H. 798 (A.D. 1396).

Three poems by Khwaju Kirmani,j?-*/

Kamal ud-Din Abul-'Ata Mahmud B. 'Ali,poetically surnamed Khwaju, was a native ofKirinan. He states in the epilogue of Gul uNauruz (a passage not found in the Museumcopy, but quoted by Erdmann in his "Chu-dschu (iermani," Zeitschrift der DeutsohenMorg. Gesellschaft, vol. ii. pp. 205—215)that he was born on the fifth of Shavval,A.H. 679. According to the Tarikh i Ja'l'ari,quoted in the Lubb ut-Tavarikh, Add. 23,512,fol. 118, he began his poetical career as apanegyrist of the Muzaffaris, but having leftthem, in consequence of some slight, herepaired to the court of Amir Shaikh AbuIshak (who ruled in Shiraz from A.H. 742 to754), in whose praise he composed manypoems, and died there A.H. 753. The dateassigned to his death by Talri Kashi, OudeCatalogue, p. 18, A.H. 745, is too early; forit will be seen further on, p. 621 b, that thepoet was still alive in A.H. 746.

It is said that Khwaju had followed forsome years the teaching of the great Sufi,'Ala ud-Daulah of Simnan, who died A.H.736. He has left a Divan, and a Khamsahwritten in imitation of the five poems ofNizanri, and beginning with the Rau?at ul-Anvar. The Khamsah was completed A.H.744, as stated in Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz2, p. 24. See also Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 175.That date is indeed found at the end ofKamal-Kamah, which must have been thelast poem of the Khamsah. Notwithstandingthat undoubted fact, Daulatshah gives A.H.742 as the date of the poet's death, an errorwhich has been blindly copied by the Riyaz

ush-Shu'ara, fol. 172, and the Atashkadah,fol. 62. Other notices are to be found inMajalis ul-Muminin, fol. 543, and Haft Iklim,fol. 119. See also Hammer, Redekiinste,p. 248, Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 471,and Dorn, St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 357.

I. Fol. 1 b. ^.U* (jrUfc, the love adven¬tures of Shahzadah Humai, prince of ZaminKhavar, and Humayun, a daughter of theFaghfur, or emperor of China ; a Masnavi inthe same metre as the Iskandar Namah ofNizami.

Beg. (-1*--> j 5l\-J j-JjU-^ J-»— >

&>• jt> .£> (j£.,o™fi> j\ t£

In the prologue, after duly praising thereigning sovereign Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan,and his Vazir Ghiyiis. ud-Din Muhammad(son of the historian Rashid ud-Din), theauthor says that he had been induced tocompose this poem by the illustrious Sadr,Abul-Fath Majd ud-Din Mahmud, who hadsupplied him with a genuine Persian theme,and had urged him to " sing to the Muslims aMagian spell," ^IJu-* j> U U*

From the epilogue we learn that the poemwas composed in Baghdad, where Khwajuwas pining for his native Kirmfm, and thatit was completed in A.H. 732, a date ex¬pressed by the chronogram Jjj in the fol¬lowing lines:—

0"j-» j*j>

U«»?j cl*~Jjo (£fi) £>J3 s£Tlie contents have been stated by Erdmann,

I.e., p. 213, and, from a Turkish imitation,by Krafft, Handschriften der OrientalischenAkademie, p. 71. See also Haj. Khal., vol.vi. p. 504, and the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i.p. 544.

II. Fol. 50 b. JIh/, the "Book ofPerfection," an ethic and religious poem, inthe metre of Haft Paikar.

POETRY.—KHWAJU KIRMANI. 621

Beg. y b i\ ftjl i ^3

"'j** i^jj £t-°

The greater part of the prologue is takenup by an invocation to Shaikh Abu IshakIbrahim B. Shahriyar Kazaruni, the patronsaint of Kazarun (who died A.H. 426; seeabove, p. 205 a, Nafahat ul-Uns, p. 286, andB. de Maynard, Diet. Geographique, p. 472).The poet states that he was staying as adevout worshipper at the Shaikh's holyshrine. In the epilogue he addresses apanegyric to the sovereign of Ears, AmirShaikh Abu Ishak (A.H. 742—754), andsome advice to his own son, Mujir ud-DinAbu Sa id 'Ali. He adds that he had readthe poem to his spiritual guide (Murshid),then just arrived in the land, who beingpleased with it, had conferred upon him theholy investiture (Khirkah), and upon hiswork the title of Kamiil Namah. The dateof composition, A.H. 744, is stated in thefollowing lines:—

j't J J? 3 £>j& ^ST Li,^ J^'i-> tati

The same verse is quoted in the Habib ut-Siyar as giving the date of the completionof the Khamsah.

The poem is divided into sections (Bab),which in .'mother copy, Add. 7758, are num¬bered from 1 to 12. The present MS. haslost a leaf after fol. 50.

III. Fol. 71 b. i^, the « Gardenof Lights," a Sun poem in twenty sections(Makalahs).

Beg. Jjtsn j iwijjJI l^jJj

^-^a—i< Ss-a* .» rIt is dedicated to Shams ud-Din Malimud j

B. ScVin, to whom the poet had been recom¬mended, as he states in the epilogue, by hispatron, Taj ud-Din Ahmad 'Iraki.

Shams ud-Din Mahmud B. Su'in was lirst

attached to the Chupani princes Amir FirHusain and Malik Ashraf, by whom he wasput in possession of the fortress of Si ijam.He surrendered it, A.H. 744, to Amir Mu¬hammad Muzaffar. Sent by the latter toSliiraz on a mission to Amir Shaikh AbuIshak, he deserted his patron to enter theservice of his rival, by whom he was ap¬pointed Vazir. He died in an encounterwith the Muzaffaris on the 4th of Safar,A.H. 746, a date recorded by Khwaju inverses quoted by H.ifiz Abril; see Or. 1577,and Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 2, p. 18.

Taj ud-Din Iraki, a wealthy inhabitant ofKirman, was one of the first who came outof that city, then besieged by Amir Muham¬mad Muzaffar, to submit to the conqueror(A.H. 741). Raised by him to the Vazirate,he incurred his anger some years later, andwas put to death. See Dastur ul-Vuzara,fol. 121.

In the prologue the poet introduces hisbeloved, who suggests to him that, his Gulu Nauruz being finished, he should now turnto his admired Nizami, and try to surpassthe Makhzan ul-Asrar.

Khwaju says in the epilogue that the poemhad been written at the shrine of ShaikhAbu Ishak Ibrahim Kazaruni, and completedA.H. 743

Jlij j> sj-I» cjdWj p#>-J^_* Jw US*

A leaf is wanting after fol. 79.The Rauzat ul-Anviir is considered as the

first poem of the Khamsah. See Haj. Khal.vol. iii. pp. 175, 498, and Zeitschrift der D.M. G., vol. xvi. p. 234.

This fine MS. is due to the pen of acelebrated calligrapher, Mir 'Ali Tabriz!, whosigns ^jii^ ijj-tji^ <ji J* jsf-

In some lines quoted in the Majalis ul-Mu-minin, fol. 48(3, Sultan Ali Mashhadi, a pen-manof great repute (see p. 573a),calls Mir 'Ali

622 POETRY.—KHWAJU KIRMANI.

Tabrizi the inventor of the Naskh-TaTik, andsays that he was a contemporary of KamalKhujandi (who died A.H. 803). See alsoMir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 458, and Blochmann,Ain Akbari, p. 101, where Lie is said to havelived under Timur.

At the beginning of the Rauzat ul-Anvar,which appears to have held originally the firstplace in the volume, is an illuminated shieldwith an inscription showing that the MS.had been written for the library of a royalpersonage called Abul-Fath Bahram:

^ pl^j î.a.)\ y>\ *>\i- i_ -'^

The MS. contains nine whole-page minia¬tures in a highly finished Persian style.

Add. 7758.Foil. 178; 8| in. by 6 ; 21 lines, 4in. long;

written in Nestalik, in four gold-ruledcolumns, with four 'Unvans; dated Rabi' I.,A.H. 934 (A.D. 1527). [Cl. J. Rich.]

Five poems by the same author, asfollows:—

I. Fol 1 b. Humai and Humayun; seethe preceding MS., Art. I.

This copy contains an epilogue, foil. 54 b—56 a, which is a later addition. The Sultan,we are told, having succumbed to fate, andthe Vazir having soon followed, the poet hadlost the expected reward. (Abu Sa'Id diedon the 13th of Rabi' II., A.H. 736, andGhiyas. ud-Din was put to death in Ramazanof the same year.) Subsequently, however,his patron, Taj ud-Din Ahmad Triiki (seep. 621 b), having proceeded from Kirman tothe royal camp to kiss the threshold of theKhikan, obtained for Khwaju and his workthe favourable notice of the Vazir, Shamsud-Din Mahmud B. Sa'in (see p. 621 a), whorecompensed him beyond his hopes.

II. Fo 1 . 57 b. jjjyj j JS, the love-storyof Nauruz, son of the king of Khorasan, and

Gul, daughter of the emperor of Rum, aMagnavi in the metre of Khusrau u Shirin.

Beg. ^ o> SLiSJ ^CJ^Jl yb^, m j }j>\

It is dedicated to the same Vazir, Taj ud-Din 'Iraki, whose generous reward is thank¬fully recorded in the epilogue. The date ofcomposition, A.H. 742, is stated in the fol¬lowing lines:—

*—*—'j *-» J p-i-S"

s—iîj } * J W '—'j^j

^)J>^ s.'xLf j j,.*aafc j> jJ

^^.U-Jb âi sJ\ ^Lj.Io

An abstract of the poem has been givenby Erdmann, I.e., p. 212. See Haj. Kb.ah,vol. v. p. 234.

III. Fol. 118 b. Kamal-Namah; see thepreceding MS., Art. II.

IV. Fol. 142 b. *»U j> A, the " Book ofJewels," a Masnavi in praise of the VazirBaha ud-Din Mahmud and his ancestors.

Beg. Û-li (ji-*; A3 pUjuV"?^ i ^ ^

The prologue contains eulogies on thereigning prince of Kirman, Amir MuhammadMuzaffar, and on his Vazir, the above-named Baha ud-Din Mahmud. The entirepoem is devoted to the glorification of thelatter, who was a lineal descendant in thesixth generation of the celebrated Vazirof the Saljuk empire, Nizam ul-Mulk (seep. 444 a), and of his forefathers. Each ofthese becomes in turn the theme of hyper¬bolical laudations of the most tedious same¬ness, from which little is to be learned as totheir real history. Their filiation is, fromfather to son, as follows:—

The great Nizam ul-Mulk. Hamid ul-Mulk Mahmud, who died in Tabriz, and wasburied in Jarandab. Kivam ul-Mulk Nur ud-Din Mas'ud, Vazir of Kizil Arslan, also buried

POETRY.—A.H. 700—800. 623

in Jarandab. Fakhr ud-Din Ahmad, whodied in Sivas. Zaki ud-Din Mahmud, whobecame VazTr of the Khakan of Turkistan,and was called Ata Mahmud. He died inAzarbaijan. 'Izz ud-Din Yusuf, who servedYusuf Shah and Amir Muzaffar, and died inRum. Baha ud-Din Mahmud, for whom thepoem was written.

Kasidahs in praise of the same personages,and in the same order, are mentioned byErdmann, I.e., p. 215, as forming part of theDivan of Khwajii.

The present copy wants the conclusion, inwhich occurs, according to Dr. Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, p. 473, the following line,giving A.H. 746 as the date of composition:

wii, ^jj Cib a* [sic]J & ->

V. Fol. 155 a. Rauzat ul-Anviir (see thepreceding MS., III.), wanting two leaves atthe beginning.

Copyist: ^.^S ^ u ~~>- ^>

Or. 28.Foil. 86; 7 in. by 5|; 13 lines, 3 in.

long; written in cursive Naskhi; datidRajab, A.H. 881 (A.D. 1476).

[G. C. Renouakd.]

The Divan of Haidar,

gj^-\^\ ^U- ji t_s-J*^- j^-i—fc;

uk>Ui\ j u~*^j? ^S* '■"^ j9 lt^*The poet, no record of whom has been

found, uses Haidar as his takhallus, and iscalled in the heading and subscription Haidarush-ShirazT. The Divan shows that he livedin Shiraz, his birthplace, and occasionallyin Yazd, about the middle of the eighth cen¬tury of the Ilijrah. It contains, fol. 35, anelegy on the death of Sultan Abu Said,which took place A.H. 736, and, fol. 78, two

satires against a contemporary poet, KhiijuKirmani (see p. 620 a), whom the authorcharges with disparaging Sa'di, while plun¬dering his Divan, and declares unable toO 7

compete in poetry with himself:—

y^y* *U ,&^» u^i-i ;<> j-f*

,_jJl«w> <^*~ tfij* ^

^ U a.S jilyLi } »-

(jLi* ji (i^** ^..y^

The other satire, beginningur"0 J' ui"^ ^ *3r^3r^

^s* yW"' lS^^j* J 1 '^-Ijjf*was composed when Khwaju came fromKirman to Shiraz, and is stated, in the head¬ing, to have been recited in the presence ofAmir Shaikh Abu Ishak (A.H. 742—754).

There are also three Kasidahs addressed toKusrat ud-Din Shah Yahya, of whom thepoet says, fol. 27, that he had, in thepresence of Sultan Muhammad, gloriouslyvanquished Akhi at the gate of Tabriz, andhad received as his reward the sovereigntyof Yazd, the seat of his father:—

^> 3 jV W** 3 ^ h*>j^djjj) Jitei* t^**-.

^> j Jr 1 o'j^. u llaU j*

Jjjtj* J- ] Jh**4j*j?'j*jl•5ft* <jji~\ i^r

^Wi y>y?- ti»iib *U j**"*

jSi Oaf* j~> j> £l£~> (jUaL-J l>

jjJlO J>jC tyj l/.**TShflh Muzaffar, the eldest son of Amir Mu¬hammad Muzaffar, the founder of the Muzaf-fari dynasty, had died in his father's life-time,A.H. 754 (see Matla* us-Sa'dain, fol. 91).His eldest son, Nusrat ud-Din Shah Yahya,was only fifteen years old when he foughtby the side of his grandsire in the battlereferred to in the above lines, in which Akhi

624 POETRY.—A.H. 700—800.

Juk, a Ohupam Amir, who had made himselfmaster of Azarbfiijan, was completely routedbefore Tabriz, A.H. 759 (ib. fol. 101, andPrice's Retrospect, vol. ii. p. 690).

Having been confined, A.H. 760, by hisuncle Shah Shuja, in the fortress of Shiraz,Shah Yahya was re-instated by him as viceroyof Yazd A.H. 764. But he took the firstopportunity to assert his independence, and,being of a restless and ambitious disposi¬tion, carried on for years a constant strugglewith his relatives. Placed by Timur, afterhis conquest of Shiraz, A.H. 789, at the headof the government of Pars, he was dispos¬sessed a few months later by his brother ShahMansfir, and was eventually involved, A.H.795, in the general slaughter of the Muzaffariprinces by the ruthless conqueror.

Another Kasidah, composed in Yazd, fol.43, is in praise of Sharaf ud-Hin Shah Hu-sain :—

S* j* y& > \jj<S

jKi*^ udJi j c^w-^ ^

jSjb ±Z>\*> J^>- »Ui ^ JX*

jlid ^6> ijl O^Av« ^} jb *iShah Husain was the third son of the

above-mentioned Shah Muzaffar, and appa¬rently succeeded his elder brother, ShahYahya, in the principality of Yazd, but theexact period is not recorded.

The Divan, which begins with seven Kasi-dahs in praise of God and the prophet, con¬tains, besides the pieces above mentioned,little else than Ghazals, and is without anysystematic arrangement. Its title is foundin a short prologue, headed L->\jL» ^kJ ,in which the following dialogue is carried onwith an imaginary interlocutor:—

JtJjOtm. ^ C^bf ^ * ?^ISiu \j ft t^tj

^ Jj \j» (jUiftw

y i^taf ^ CJ&Transcriber : ^LioJl $\ Jafr ^ ^

-j jie

Add. 27,314.Poll. 400 ; 11 in. by 6|; 19 lines, 3£ in.

long ; written in Nestalik, probably in India,in the 17th century. [D. Porbes.J

The poetical works of Salman Savaji, U \.L»ur?\5^*

Khwajah Jam;ll ud-Din Salmon, son ofKhwajah 'Ala ud-Din Muhammad, was bornin Savah, where his father held a high finan¬cial appointment, and followed in early lifethe same profession, which he afterwardsgave up for poetry. He was, according toJami, Baharistan, fol. 67, a successful imita¬tor of the great Kasidah writers, especiallyof Kamal Ismful, whom he often surpassed,but did not reach the same eminence in theGhazal.

In his Pirak Namah, which he composed,as stated in the Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii.,Juz 1, p. 136, A H. 761, Salman says that hehad completed his seventy-first year :

C^j,^^ jO u^Jj.j c^wu j\

Osi_5_i ji) ullli \>\^>

He must therefore have been born aboutA.H. 690.

His earliest poems are apparently thosewhich he addressed to the celebrated Vazir,Ghiyas. ud-Din Muhammad, who died A.H.736. But his brilliant career as court-poetcommenced in the time of the founder ofthe Ilkani dynasty, Amir Shaikh Hasan Bu-zurg, who rose to power after the death ofSultan Abu Sa'id, A.H. 736, held his courtin Baghdad, and died A.H. 757. He was inhigh favour with that prince, and afterwardswith his son and successor, Shaikh Uvais(A.H. 757—776), who established his re¬sidence in Tabriz, as also with the latter'smother, the accomplished Dilshad Khatun.Having survived Shaikh Uvais, who died onthe 2nd of Jumada I., A.H. 776 (Matla' us-Sa'dain, fol. 148), Salman maintained forsome time the same influential positionunder his son and successor, Sultan Husain

POETRY.—A.II. 700—800. 625

(A.II. 776—784), to whom several of hispoems are addressed. He composed also, ashas been noticed in the Matla 1 us-Sa'dain,fol. 152, two Kasidahs in honour of ShahShujtV, during that king's temporary occu¬pation of Tabriz in A.II. 777. It is said thathe passed his last years in retirement in hisnative place.

It will be seen from the above facts thatthe date A.II. 769, assigned by Daulatshahto Salman's death, and adopted by most laterwriters, is by at least eight years too early.The Tabakat i Shahjahani, fol. 38, places thatevent in A.II. 778, Haj. Khal., vol. iv. p. 389,in A.II. 779, and Takl Kashi, Oudc Catalogue,p. 18, in A.II. 799 (an obvious error for 779).

The notices of Daulatshah and Atashkadahhave been edited in text and translation byErdinann, Zeitschrift der D. M. G., vol. xv.pp. 758—772. Other notices will be foundin Majfilis ul-Muminm, fol. 547, Haft Iklim,fol. 408, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 208.See also Hammer, lledeki'inste, p. 260,Ouseley's Notices, p. 117, and Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 555.

The contents are as follows :

I. Pol. 1 b. j.A^,.i- j sJL^y, the love-story of JamshTd and Khwurshld, a Magnavipoem in the measure of Khusrau u Shlrin.

Beg. Ûb ttjj, Jj\^liSo J\ju>\ *ej.j.£fjd

After a panegyric addressed to SultanUvais, the poet relates in the prologue howhe had been summoned to the presence ofhis royal patron, and told that, Nizami's bookon Earhiid and Khusrau having become oldand obsolete, he should compose on the taleof Jamshid, a new poem dedicated to hissovereign :

_jj~-=»j lilfcî dui>

yjl ^^jSJLi j~\j_>

]) ^ (•*"• J Jflj;]j :H p" 1-^

VOL. II.

In obeying the king's behest, he says,further on, he found a welcome opportunityof discharging a debt of gratitude for fiftyyears' favours:

0»xi Jl*U *S*v <0 Jp-

C»*o,i Lr'^j' J w*)* ^J^J^

In the epilogue Salman regrets his de¬parted youth, and complains of the infirmitiesof age. His figure is bent like a bow,O O

nothing but skin and bones.ij^S t^rfrly?- c^—?>» ]/»

ur^y**** j-f tJ^Ji ij*-!The poem was completed, as stated in the

following lines at the end, in the month ofJumada II., A.H. 763 :

li-^C- (jUaLo* LZJj'OS- ^m>\>

J-â'i* i>b (j£jilaL>» &i==

^J\jJ^ îU*- j^** tj—>} A*

aW> iUlâaû j [j-tâ j <-2_>^b

The Jamsliid of Salman is not the mythicalking of Persian tradition, but an imaginaryprince, son of the Eaghfiir, or emperor ofChina. The heroine is a daughter of I lieKaisar of Riim.

II. Eol. 85 a. j\J, the " Book of Se¬paration," a Masnavi.

Beg. tills- »jJ V *6 <jr^=- *Uj^,^>// ^ fflf

It was written, like the preceding, for Sul¬tan Uvais, who had desired Salman to com¬pose a poem on the pangs of absence.

Ovujlji- fs^X)

Jf\f I i!>

It is stated in the Hablb us-Siyar, vol. iii.,Juz 1, p. 136, that Sultan Uvais was thenpining for his minion Bairiiin Shah, who, inconsequence of some quarrel, had left thecourt and gone to Baghdad, A.H. 761.

The heroes of the tale are called Malik andMahbub. See Haj. Khal., vol. iv. p. 389.

c c

626 POETRY.—A.H. 700—800.

III. Fol. 117 a. Kasidahs and Tarji 5-bands.

This section is slightly imperfect at thebeginning. The poems are arranged accord¬ing to the personages to whom they are ad¬dressed, as follows: Muhammad and 'AH,fol. 117 a. Sultan Uvais, fol. 128 b. Jalal ud-Din Shaikh Husain (A.H. 776—784), fol.222 a. Nuyan A'zam Shaikh Hasan Beg(Hasan Buzurg), fol. 228 a. Dilshad Kha-tun (wife of the preceding), fol. 248 b.Dundi Sultan (wife of Sultan Uvais), fol.268 a. Shams ud-Din Zakariyya (Vazir ofSultan Husain), fol. 272 b. Shah Mahmud(the Muzaffari, who died A.H. 776), fol.277 a. Shah Shuja (A.H. 759—786), fol.279 b. Sahib Ghiyiis. ud-Din Muhammad(who died A.H. 736), fol. 282 a.

IV. "Fol. 285 a. Margiyahs, or funeralpoems, including elegies on the death of Sul¬tan Abu Said (A.H. 736), Amir Ilkan,Shaikh Hasan, Sultan Uvais, and DundiKhatiin.

V. Fol. 295 a. Mukatta'at, without al¬phabetical arrangement. Several of theserelate to contemporary events, fixing theirdates, as, for instance, the death of ShaikhHasan Chupani in A.H. 744, and a destructiveinundation at Baghdad in A.H. 775. At theend is a Tarji'-band.

VI. Fol. 329 a. Ghazals, and Bubals,also without alphabetical arrangement.

This volume bears the seal of the collegeof Fort William. On the first page areseveral \Arzdidahs, one of which is datedA.H. 1062.

Add. 7755.Foil. 134; 9| in. by 6£ ; 12 lines, 3| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in two gold-ruled columns, with 'Unvan, apparently inthe 16th century. [CI. J. Eich.]

Jamshid u Khwurshid. See above, art. i.

The volume contains three whole-pageminiatures in the Persian style.

Add. 6619.Foil. 186; 8 in. by 5; 15 lines, 2$ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in two gold-ruled columns, with 'Unvan and gilt head¬ings ; dated Zulkijjah, A.H. 876 (A.D. 1472).

[J. F. Hull.]

Lfj^Z** J j^-o

The tale of Mihr and Mushtari, a Magnavipoem.

Author: 'Assar, Uoc.

Beg. ^JLs; sLSaM.) j.L;j

^jLs- ^>\»- ^Jm CL*—ft >6Maulana Muhammad 'Assar, of Tabriz, is

mentioned in the Lubb ut-Tavarikh as one ofthe panegyrists of the IlkanI Sultan ShaikhUvais (A.H. 757—776). He died, as statedin the same work, A.H. 779, or, according toTaki Kashi, Oude Catalogue, p. 18, A.H.784. Very meagre notices of him are foundin the Baharistan, fol. 68, Haft Iklim, fol.513, and Atashkadah, fol. 18. See alsoHammer, Redekiinste, p. 254, and Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, p. 311.

Assar refers in several passages to thenumerous poems which he had composed inpraise of princes, and which often had re¬mained unread. Thus in the epilogue:

ii^\tcS ^Lfr^fis j\

liw^Jj yiLftU»i*Li

Siiilii j-*j£=> ij-i <_^^

t^\y& [j-^ j> j sZof &A*ai

Finding poets neglected and scorned, hehad retired, as he says in the prologue, tosolitude and silent contemplation. Fromthis torpor he is roused by a friend, whourges him to complete his poetical works by

POETRY.—A.II. 700—800. 627

adding to them a Masnavi, the only kind ofcomposition which he had not yet attempted:

iMo> ^J** jf> j\

CI O^JLiii j«i ^îiojl j-^-*-?

jJ.9-lJ.-oeô-U» iV.b-J ti)!)^

J,£=** w \,-O jj\ 45^6= U

After urging two objections, the absenceof any patron of poetry, especially in " thistown of Tabriz," and the unapproachablestandard of perfection held up by Niziami,the autbor yields, and relates to his friendthe tale of Mihr and Mushtarl, " the story ofa love free from all weakness, pure of allsensual desire."

is\ *^ <_rid*J,K>. tjjj, t^P^* j jv)

\jM cU* J> j Jj\\jX* Oj$-S» J> j (J5>^

The author states in the conclusion thatthe poem was completed on the tenth ofShavval, A.II. 778:

Jî* j! Jb j j\, jjj — i

[Jb] Jb b j^-AP _J U- 0,3ând that it consisted of 5120 distichs,

CU-^-j j ^ _j m«~i3) ^ i_r?j£>

The above date, which had been arbitrarilychanged to A.H. 674 by C. R. S. Peiper,Commentatio de libro Persico Mihr o Musch-teri, Berlin, 1835, has been vindicated withoverwhelming evidence by Prof. Fleischer,Zeitschrift der D. M. G., vol. xv. pp. 389—396. The contents of the poem have beenstated by Peiper in the above quoted work,and by Sir Gore Ouseley in the BiographicalNotices, pp. 201—226. See also the ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 547, the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 359, and the Upsala Catalogue,p. 111.

Transcriber: tS-S^*This copy contains eight whole-page mi¬

niatures in the Persian style.

Add. 7759.Poll. 141; 6| in. by 4| ; 14 lines, 2± in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in two gold-ruled columns, on glazed, tinted, and gold-sprinkled paper; dated Ramazan, A.H. 855(A.D. 1451). [01. J. Rich.J

kiW i^pThe Divan of Hafiz Shirazi.

Beg. L^JjLij ji\ <yUJ1 \+$ L>. ^l^Kil* &\sl\ Jj Jj\ Ayj u,UT jl» *Z

Hafiz Shirazi, originally called Shams ud-Din Muhammad, who is by common consentthe greatest of Persian lyrics, ranks also highas a Sufi; a spiritual symbolism is generallysupposed to underlie, in his most Anacreonticstrains, the expression of sensuous ideas.Jiimi says in the Baharistan that he is asgreat in the Ghazal as Zahir Faryabi in theKasidah. The whole of his long and un¬eventful life was, with the exception of shortabsences, spent in his beloved Shiraz. Suchof his poems as bear upon contemporaryevents are frequently quoted by the his¬torians of the period. Their dates rangefrom the reign of Amir Shaikh Abu. Ishfik(A.H. 742—754), which he extols as aglorious epoch for his native city, to theshort-lived rule of the last of the Muzaffaris,Shah Mansur (A.H. 790-795). The lattertook possession of Shiraz towards the end ofA.II. 790, about six months after the firstinvasion of Timur. Two poems in his praise,quoted in the Matla' us-Sa'dain, fol. 198, areprobably the latest compositions of Hafiz,who died A.H. 791, or, according to lesstrustworthy authorities, A.H. 792.

The first is the date recorded by Muham¬mad Gul-andam, the friend of Hafiz, andcollector of the Divan. It is engraved, ac¬cording to Sir Gore Ouseley, Notices, p. 40,on the poet's tombstone, and is conveyed bythe words .ilW in the following chro¬nogram, found in some copies of Gul-andam'spreface:—

628 POETRY.

(Jji«o d*»-Uu (jj-â* till*-

J-a_-. CdJV_^j\ (jft-JÛ j-ai

It has been followed by the Lubb ut-Tava-rikh, fob 117, and by Tab! KashI, OudeCatalogue, p. 19.

The second date, A.H. 792, is expressed byanother chronogram, which, although con¬tradicting the direct statement of Gul-andam, has found its way into most copiesof the same preface :

<i~&\ Jb j I—o j L> JLj

A.,s^ yy+ir* C^j-s? j 3j j<±£i

^.jJl

It has been adopted by Jami, Nafa-hat, p. 715, and, after him, in Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 2, p. 47, Majalis ul-Muminin, fol. 334, and Haj. Khal., vol. iii.p. 272.

Daulatshah, whose account of Hafiz hasbeen translated by S. de Sacy, Notices etEntraits, vol. iv. p. 238, stands alone inplacing his death as late as A.H. 794, andcommits a further anachronism in represent¬ing a supposed interview of Hafiz withTimuras having taken place after the death ofShah Mansur, who fell in battle A.H. 795.

Eirishtah has a circumstantial account ofa message sent by the king of Deccan, Mah-mud Shah Bahmani (A.H. 780—799), toHafiz to induce him to come to his court.The poet, probably anxious to escape fromthe approaehing hosts of Timur, acceptedthe invitation, as well as the funds providedfor the journey, and proceeded as far asHormuz, where he went on board the king'sship. But, frightened at the sight of arough sea, he landed again, and made allspeed back to Shiraz. See the Bombayedition, vol. i. p. 577.

Notices on Hafiz will be found in Ham¬mer's Redckiinste, p. 261, Ouseley's Notices,pp. 23—42, Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,

-HAFIZ.

p. 415, and Dcfremery, Journal Asiatique,5 e Seric,/pp. 406—425. ATT

The Divan was first edited by Abu Talibv •

Khan (see p. 378 b), in Calcutta, 1791, andre-printed in 1826. It has been printed inBombay, A.H. 1228 and 1277, Dehli, 1269,Cawnporc, 1831, Lucknow, A.H. 1283, Tehe¬ran, A.H. 1258, Bulak, A.H. 1250, 1256 and1281, and Constantinople, 1257. An excel¬lent edition of the text, with the Turkishcommentary of Sudi, has been published byH. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1854.

A German translation of the Divan byJ. von Hammer was published in Tubingen,1812. Select poems have been translatedinto German by Bodenstedt, Berlin, 1877,and into English by J. Richardson, 1774, J.Nott, 1787, J. H. Hindley, 1800, H. Bick-nell, 1875, S. Robinson, 1875, and W. H.Lowe, 1877.

Contents: Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 1 b. Masnavis, fol. 132 a. Kit'ahs,fol. 134 6. Ruba'is, fol. 138 b.

Copyist: js^-yM JuA~>

Add. 7760.Foil. 179 ; 9f in. by 6; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, in two gold-ruled columns, with 'Unvans, illuminatedheadings, and gold designs on the margins,dated A.II. 921 (A.D. 1515), bound inpainted covers. [CI. J. Rich.]

The Divan of Hafiz, with the preface ofMuhammad Gul-andam, \&>] j£ whichbegins (_j»>Ui'o Û-j j Ûo } ^srWAfter some remarks on the charm andpregnant sense of Hafiz's poetry, and on thewonderful speed with which it had spread tothe most distant lands, delighting kings andSufis alike, the writer of the preface, whodescribes himself as an old friend of Hafiz,says that during his life the poet was so busylecturing on the Coran, giving instruction tothe Sultan, writing glosses to the Kashshiif

POETRY.-HAPIZ. 629

and the Miftah, studying the Matali' and theMisbah, etc., that he found no leisure tocollect his scattered poems; and althoughMuhammad Gul-andam, who often held con¬verse with him in the college, »tf u'V' °^Maulana Kivam ud-Din Abd TJUah, re¬peatedly pressed the subject on his attention,Haflz still put it off with some excuse, untildeath overtook him in A.H. 791 (see Add.5625, and 7761), when the task of collectingand arranging the Divan devolved on thewriter.

The above preface is printed in the Bom¬bay edition of the Divan.

Contents: Preface, fol. 3 b. Kasidahs,beg. y ^Ji ylpS yfrita)» fo1 - 6 Ma§-navis, fol. 12 a. TarjI-'bands, fol. 18 a.Ghazals, in alphabetical order, fol. 23 b.Mukattaat, fol. 170 a. Rubais, fol. 174 a.

The copyist, Sultan Muhammad Khandan,was a pupil of the famous calligrapher Sultan'AH Mashadi, and one of the scribes of Mir'All Shir (see p. 617 a).

Of four miniatures in Persian style, placedat the beginning and end of the volume,two are of modern date.

The first page is covered with Arzdidahsof the reign of Shahjahftn and Aurangzib.


long; written in fair Nestalik, in two gold-ruled columns, with 'Unvans, and goldheadings; dated Jumada I., A.II. 983 (A.D.1575). [CI. J. Rich.]

The Divan of Haflz, with the same preface.Contents: Ghazals, fol. 5 b. Kasidahs,

beg. w 1^. y^*^ ^ J^. t^ojS. ±L , fol.192 b. Magnavis, fol. 199 a. TarjT-bands, fol.206 a. Kit'ahs, fol. 212 a. Ruba'is, fol. 220 b.

Copyist: ^3UL)\ ^1 ^ ^

Or. 1220.Poll. 194; 7 in. by 3| ; 12 lines, 2 in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins, ornamental headings, and six mi¬niatures in the Persian style, apparently inthe 16th century. [Alex. Jaba.]

The same Divan, without the Kasidahs.

Grenville xli.Poll. 258; 5 in. by 3; 10 lines, 1& in.

long ; written in neat Nestalik, with MJnvfmand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the16th century ; bound in painted covers.

The same Divan, wanting about fortyleases at the beginning, and not includingthe Kasidahs.

It contains nineteen miniatures, in theIndian style, and of a high degree of finish,but partly defaced.

Prefixed is a letter of Wm. Marsden tothe Hon. Thomas Grenville, describing theMS.

Add, 8890.Poll. 147 ; 4| in. by 3; 15 lines, If in.

Ions: ; written in small Nestalik, with 'UnvanO '

and gold-ruled margins ; dated Jumada,A.H. 1020 (A.D. 1611).


Copyist: J-jJ^J ,Jo ^\ £aM ^\J/ </l~

On the cover is written : " Given by Sr.R. C. to At'hcr Ali Khan, and by himbequeathed to Sir W. Jones."

Add. 26,161.Poll. 154; 8 in. by 4|; 15 lines, 2f in.

long ; written in fair Nestalik, with a rich'Unviin and gold-ruled margins ; dated thefourth year of Shahjahan (A.H. 1040—41,A.D. 1631). [Wm. Ekskine.]

A copy of the same Divan, containing,besides the Ghazals, only one Magnavi, witha few Kifahs and Ruba'is.

Copyist: as'&j*> ^

630 POETRY.—HAFIZ.

The first page contains several 'Arzdidahsand seals of the reign of Shahjahan.

Add. 16,762.Foil. 200; 11 in. by 6*; 17 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in fair Nestalik, in two gold-ruled columns, with 'Unvan; dated Rabi' I.,A.H. 1053 (A.D. 1643). [Wm. Yule.]


Copyist: i_julaM jj* ^ d.xtt J\«/>«> Jii>

The volume contains eleven miniatures,partly in Indian, and partly in Persian style,which did not originally belong to it.

On the fly-leaf is written : " Wm. Yule,from his friend Col. D. Ochterlony, Dehli,10 Sept., 1805."

Add. 5625.Foil. 213; 8J in. by 5|; 17 lines, 3 in.

long ; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvfms andruled margins; dated Zulka'dah, A.H. 1082,(A.D. 1672).

The same Divan, with the preface of Mu¬hammad Gul-andam, and the Kasidahs.

Copyist: ijj^

Add. 7762.Poll. 195; 5£ in. by 3±; 15 lines, 3 in.

long ; written in a cursive character; datedZulhijjah, A.H. 1109 (A.D. 1698).

[01. J. Rich.]The same Divan.

Copyist: J, y) ^

Add. 25,815.Poll. 270; 9 in. by 5^; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins; dated Jumada I., A.H.

1161, the first year of Ahmad Shah (A.D.1749). [Wm. Ctjreton.]

The same Divan, with the preface of Mu¬hammad Gul-andam, and the Kasidahs.

At the end, foil. 268—270, is an anonymoustract on the spiritual meaning attached bySufis to the names of sensual objects, sub¬stantially agreeing with the treatise of SayyidAli Hamadani, mentioned further on.

Copyist: l^£L~» 1u*»S &\

Add. 7763.Poll. 404; 9^ in. by 5^; 12 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with two 'Unvans,illuminated borders, and 112 miniatures inthe Indian style ; written apparently in the18th century. . [CI. J. Rich.]

The same Divan, to which are prefixed—1. The Preface of Muhammad Gul-andam,fol. 1 b. 2. Exposition of the spiritualmeaning of words in the Divan of Hafiz, byAmir Sayyid 'Ali Hamadani (see p. 447 b),fol. 7 6—12 a.

{jj\jt~> lailo- *?-\j=»- ^>jtas- ^j>}$ uby

d^Mj^jf-J^j^ CJjtOS- j\ U^*>>1 Cs+s-J\

l>


long, in a page; written in Indian Nestalik;dated Rajab, A.H. 1226 (A.D. 1811).

[Sir John Malcolm.]The same Divan, with the preface of Gul-

andam, and the Kasidahs. Prefixed aresome observations on the spiritual meaningof some words in the Divan, partly takenfrom Sayyid 'AH Hamadani, fol. 1 a, and anotice on the life of Hafiz, from the Habibus-Siyar, and Nafahat ul-Uns, fol. 4 b.

Add. 4946.Poll. 153; 9i in. by 5|; 15 lines, 3J in.

POETKY,

long; written in Indian Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century. [Claud Russell.]

Another copy of the same Divan, contain¬ing only the Ghazals, a few Kit'ahs, and ashort Masnavi.

Add. 23,550.Poll. 209; 7i in. by 5£; 13 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, probably in the18th century. [Rob. Taylor.]

The same Divan.

Or. 1367.Foil. 309 ; 12i in. by 8£; 11 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins, apparently in the 18thcentury. [Sib Chas. Alex. Murray.]

The same Divan, imperfect at the end.


long; written in Indian Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century. [J. P. Hull.]

The same Divan, slightly defective atbeginning and end.


long; written in Nestalik, with an 'Unvan,illuminated borders, and sixteen miniaturesin the Indian style; dated Zulka'dah, A.H.1215 (A.D. 1801); bound in painted covers.


Or, 1417.Poll. 170; 12 in. by 6|; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, as stated, inKashmir ; dated A.H. 1264 (A.D. 1848).

The same Divan.

Add. 7765.Poll. 264; in. by 5£; 20 lines, 3£ in.

—HAPIZ. 631

long; written in a cursive Nestalik, ap¬parently in the 17th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]A Turkish commentary upon the Divan of

Hafiz, by Sururi, ^^ (see p. 606 a).Beg. <_«,i<2r jfi J~&\ dThe author states, in a short Turkish pre¬

face, that he had written this commentaryfor some religious friends, with the object offully disclosing the spiritual sense of theDivan.

This copy breaks off in the middle of theletter y

See Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 273, and theMunich Catalogue, p. 26.

Or. 29.Poll. 239; 8| in. by 5|; 23 lines, 3| in.

long; written in a small Turkish Naskhi,apparently in the 17th century.

[G. C. Renouard.]A commentary upon the Divan of Hafiz

by Maulana Sham'i Efendi, \j$y>(see p. 607 a).

Beg. jx** Lrs'iij\ t^'\}L >'^o ^bb ^In a short Persian preface the author

informs us that he had written the presentwork by desire of his protector, Ahmad Pari-dun. It contains the text, followed by aTurkish paraphrase and a few verbal expla¬nations.

The subscription, apparently transcribedfrom the author's own, states that the com¬mentary had been completed at the end ofZulhijjah, A.H. 981. See Haj. Khal., vol. iii.p. 273, and Krafft's Catalogue, p. 67.

Or. 312.Poll. 113; 9| in. by 0 ; 15 lines, 3g in.

long ; written in cursive Indian Nestalik, onsilver-sprinkled paper; dated Patnah, Ju-mada II., A.H. 1072 (A.D. 1661).

[Geo. Wm, Hamilton.]

03 2 POETRY. —A.H. 700—800.

The Divan of Mas'ud of Bak, lib

Beg. ote .)yb L) ^jW\ My ^y &The author, who sometimes uses Mas'ud i

Bak (hut still oftener Mas ud) as his Takhal-lus, was so called, according to Ilahi, OudeCatalogue, p. 84, followed by the Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 410, from Bak, a dependency ofBukhara. He was, as stated in the Akhbarul-Akhyfir, fol. 137, a relative of Sultan Fi-riiz Shah (A.H. 752—790), and bore in hisearly life the title of Shir Khan. When herenounced the world, he took for his spiritualguide Shaikh Rukn ud-Dln B. Shaikh Shi-hab ud-Din, Imam of Nizam ud-Din Auliya,and became a fervent adept of the Chishtlorder. By his mystic exaltation and recklessutterances he made himself obnoxious tothe TJlamfi, by whom he was sentenced todeath, as stated in Tabakat i Shahjahanl,A.H. 800. He was buried near the tomb ofthe famous saint Kutb ud-Dln, in old Dehli.He left, besides his Divan, a treatise entitledTamhidat on the plan of a work of the samename by 'Ain ul-Kuzat Hamadani (p. 411 b),and another called Mir'at ul-'Arifin. SeeSprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 486.

The author says, in a short preamble, thathe had composed this work called Nur ul-Yakin at the request of his brother Nasir ud-Dln Muhammad, that it might give light tothe eyes of friends and serenity to the bosomof the godly.

The Divan, which is entirely of a religiousand mystic character, contains Kasldahs, fol.3 a, Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol. 19 b,and Ilubais similarly arranged, fol. 95 a.

Several of the Kasldahs are in praise ofthe author's spiritual guide Rukn ud-Dln,whose proper name, MJgman,appears in thefollowing lines, fol. 13 b :

jlvi* J>*' wl»» rf\ (jjUfe ^ ^{j

jy—* jt> (jj*— j d'»»»j1 JW*-

Other poems are addressed to Shaikh Na-sir ud-Din, no doubt the celebrated Ohiraghi Dihli (see p. 41 b), who was also, accordingto Ilahi, a religious instructor of Mas'iid. Hisname occurs on fol. 24 b :

^5 J*** C^ilk) ^\>. ^iJbli

\ £j j 1 ^ /

Add. 19,496.Roll. 177; in. by 4|; 13 lines, 3 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century.

isoc^ JUs'tj^The Divan of Kamal Khujandi.Shaikh KamTd was born and grew up in

Khujand, a town of Mavara un-Nahr; but,after performing a pilgrimage to Mecca, hesettled in Tabriz, where Sultan Husain B.Shaikh Uvais (A.H. 776—784) built for hima monastery (Khankiih), and where his renownas a devotee and religious teacher drew tohim numbers of disciples. Tughtamish,Khan of Kipchak, when returning from hisraid upon Tabriz in Zulka'dah, A.H. 787 (seeMatla' us-SaMain, fol. 185), took him to hiscapital Sarai, where Kamal remained fouryears. He afterwards returned to Tabriz,then the residence of Mlran Shah, son ofTirniir, by whom he was treated with con¬siderate attention. There he died, accord¬ing to Jam!, Nafahat, p. 712, in A.H. 803, adate adopted by Hablb us-Siyar, vol. hi.,Juz 3, p. 90, Haft Iklim, fol. 601, Tabakat iShahjahSni, fol. 35, Mirat ul-Khayal, fol. 41,and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 383.

Daulatshah places the same event in A.H.792. But this is inconsistent with his ownaccount; for, according to him, Kamal livedmany years after his return from Sarai,which cannot have taken place earlier thanA.H. 791 or 792. According to the Majalis

POETRY.—A.H. 700—800. 033

ul-Ushshiik (see p. 352 b), Kamal Khujandidied A.H. 808.

Jam! says in the Baharistan that Kamalimitated the style of Hasan Dihlavi (p. 618 a),but surpassed him in subtlety of thought.He is said to have been much admired by hiscontemporary Hafiz.

Notices on his life have been given byHammer, Redekiinste, p. 255, Ouscley,Notices, pp. 192 and 106, Bland, Century ofGhazals, hi., and Dr. Sprenger, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 454.

The present copy contains Ghazals in alpha¬betical order, fol. 1 «, Kit'ahs, fol. 169 a, anda few Ruba'is, fol. 176 b. It wants all theGhazals in the letter 1 but the last seven.Among the Kit'ahs is found one in whichthe poet compares himself with his name¬sake Kamal Isfahani (Oude Catalogue, p.455),and another relating to the invasion of Tugh-tamish, fol. 174 a :

(j£.«.:.,PjJ jsUol_ ) jSzl

\s> i_iJlj6j &*,\

Copies are mentioned in Fleischer's Dres¬den Catalogue, p. 7, Vienna Catalogue, vol. i.p. 557, Munich Catalogue, p. 27, and Biblio-theca Sprenger., No. 1428.

Add. 7739.Poll. 104; 51 in. by 3^; 12 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [01. J. Rich.]

ijif* V>)&

The Divan Maghribi.

Beg. J,V^j ^ J ' jM* ^ j LjJU^ij-^iwbi J^jjr ^

Maghribi, whose original name was Mu¬hammad Shirin, was born, according to TakiAuhadi, quoted in Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 413,in the town of Nfun, province of Isfahan,and took his poetical name from a Maghribi

VOL. II.

Shaikh by whom he had been invested withthe Khirkah of the Sufi order of Ibn ul-'Arabi. He was a disciple of Shaikh Isma'ilSisi, lived in Tabriz on terms of friendshipwith Kamal Khujandi, and was, like him,better known as a Sufi than as a poet. Heis said to have been in great favour withMiran Shah, until he was supplanted by hismore celebrated contemporary. Accordingto Jami, Nafahat, p. 713, followed by theHabib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 91, andby Taki Kashi, Oude Catalogue, p. 19, Magh¬ribi died in Tabriz A.H. 809. Taki Auhadiand the Majalis ul-Ushshak (p. 252 b) givea somewhat earlier date, A.H. 807.

See Dr. Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 476;compare Ouseley's Notices, p. 106, and Ham¬mer, Redekiinste, p. 78, where three poemsof Maghribi are Wrongly ascribed to AmirMu'izzi.

Contents: Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 1 b. Tarji'-bands, fol. 80 b. Rubais inalphabetical order, fol. 100 b.

The Divan, which is mentioned by Ilaj.Khal., vol. iii. p. 315, and in the BihliothecaSprenger., No. 1444, has been printed inPersia, A.H. 1280. Sec Dorn, MelangesAsiatiques, vol. v. p. 524.

Add. 6623.Poll. 80; 9£in. by 5; 19 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Indian Nestalik; dated Rabi' II.,A.H. 1177 (A.D. 1763). [J. P. Hull.]

The same Divan, somewhat differentlyarranged.

Beg. L> J^j^j^. ^ jk*U> jOjb iiy «»■

Poll. 75—80 contain some poetical extractsand a fragment of an Arabic-Persian vocabu¬lary.

Add. 25,824.Poll. 35 ; 8^ in. by 5; 18 lines, 3£ in.

D D

634 POETRY.—A.II. 800—900.

long; written in Nestalik ; dated Safar, A.H.1096 (A.D. 1685). [Wm.' Cureton.]

\jJM\

"The treasure of appetite," a collection ofpoems, with a prose preface by the author.

Author: Jamal ud-Din Abu Ishak, sur-namcd Hallaj, ^J Jt*Jl J^"' JW-

Beg- ^ Jjlj ^ ^ j <j»\-» cr? O-VV

Hakim Jamal ud-Din Abu Ishak, com¬

monly called jivJa^JI j^*^ y 1, or Abu Ishakthe gastronomer, designates himself in hisverses by the takhallus js^, a contractionof jjl^ y>\. He was a native of Shlraz anda favourite of Sultan Iskandar B. "UmarShaikh, grandson of Tlmiir and viceroy ofPars, A.H. 812—817. He died, accordingto the Tabakat i Shahjahani, fol. 75, A.H.819, or, as stated in the Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol.475, A.H. 827. See also Taki Kashi andIlahi, Oude Catalogue, pp. 19, 68, Haft Ik-llm, fol. 99, and Mir'at ul-Khayal, fol. 44.

He says in the preface that he was in hisyouth ambitious to achieve renown in poetry,but, coming after so many great poets, as thelatest of whom he names Kamal Khujandiand Hfifiz, he was at a loss what new theme

• *■*

to select, when his beloved came in and sug¬gested one by complaining of the loss of herappetite, for the restoration of which hewrote the present work.

The poems, which are in the form of Gha-zals and Ruba'is, describe, in a curious tra¬vesty of the lyric style, various products ofthe culinary art. See Haj. Khal., vol. v.p. 248, and the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i.p. 415.

Poll. 33—35 contain a fragment of adescription of Kashmir by Faizi.

Add. 7811.Poll. 319; 9| in. by 6; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written partly in Naskhi, and partlyin Nestalik; apparently in the 16th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]

C^^tii d\}>S

The Divan of Ni'mat Ullah, commonlycalled Ni'mat Ullah Vali.

Amir Nur ud-Din Ni'mat Ullah, who was,according to his own statement in this Divan,fol. 309, a son of Mir 'Abd Ullah, and adescendant of the Imam Bakir, is revered,especially by Shi'ahs, as a great saint, andworker of miracles, and was the founder ofa religious order, called after him Ni'matul-lahl. It is stated in a contemporary Mana-kib, written for 'Ala ud-Din Shah Bahmani(A.H. 838—862), Add. 16,837, foil. 339—355, that he was born in Halab, A.H. 730 or731, but grew up in Irak, and went in histwenty-fourth year to Mecca, where he stayedseven years, and became a disciple and Kha-llfah of Shaikh 'Abd Ullah Yafi'i (who diedA.H. 768 ; see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 427).He lived afterwards successively in Samar¬kand, Herat, and Yazd, attracting everywherecrowds of disciples, and finally settled inMahan, eight farsangs from Kirman, wherehe spent the last twenty-five years of hislife, and died on the 22nd of Bajab, A.H.834, at the age of 103 or 104 lunar years.In a later, but much more circumstantialaccount of his life, the Jami* i Muf Idl, Or.210, foil. 2—36, the same day and year aregiven as the date of his death, which is con¬firmed by several contemporary chronograms.

'Abd ur-Razzak, who visited the saint'stomb A.H. 845, says in the Matla' us-Sa'dain, fol. 167, that Ni'mat Ullah Validied on the 25th of Rajab, A.H. 834. Thesame year is mentioned in Hablb us-Siyar,vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 143, Lubb ut-Taviirlkh,fol. 177, and Tabakat i Shahjahani, fol. 53.

POETRY.—A.II. 800—900. G35

Daulatshah, who places his death in A.H.827, is followed by Taki Kfishi, Oude Cata-loguc, p. 19, Majalis ul-Muminin, fol. 299,Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 451, and Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 110. Compare Hammer, llede-kiinstc, p. 223, and Sprenger, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 517.

M'mat Ullah Vail was treated by Shahrukhwith great consideration, and the king of Dec-can, Ahmad Shah Bahmani (A.H. 825—838),obtained as a singular favour the sending ofone of the saint's grandchildren to his court.After the saint's death two others of hisgrandsons, Shah Habib Ullah and ShahMuhibb Ullah, went to the Deccan, withtheir father Khalil Ullah, and rose to highrank at the Bahmani court. See Firishtah,vol. i. p. 633. A detailed account of those ofhis descendants who remained in Persia, andintermarried with the Safavis, is to be foundin the above quoted Jami' i Mufidi. Theholy Sayyid's tomb in Mahan is a much fre¬quented place of pilgrimage. He left, besideshis Divan, a collection of Sufi tracts, thenumber of which is said to exceed fivehundred.

The present copy of the Divan, which con¬sists of poems of religious and mystic cha¬racter, is imperfect at beginning and end.Its contents are as follows:—A miscellaneousseries of Magnavis, Kasidahs, Ghazals, andRuba'is, without any apparent system ofarrangement, fol. 7 a. (It contains a piececomposed A.H. 777, fol. 30, in which adescription of the distracted state of theworld is followed by a prophecy of the ap¬proaching reign of the promised Imam.)Ghazals, alphabetically arranged, fol. 41 a.Masnavis, fol. 303 a. Ruba'is, alphabeticallyarranged, breaking off in the letter a, foil.310 a—316 b.

The series of Ghazals, which beginsU , Aa,

O .. (• .U J>f> (jUU-j «l>

has after fol. 302 a lacune extending from *to |»,

Three copies of the same Divan are men¬tioned in Bibliotheca Sprenger., Nos. 1170—1472.

Poll. 1—6 contain a prose tract by thesame author, imperfect at the end, on themeans of attaining spiritual insight, withthe heading s./^Ji\ XJUij «5r

Pol. 317 contains the end of a versifiedtract on ascetic life, called in the sub¬scription iijiii)' tSL»}\.

At the end of the volume, foil, 317 b— 319,is a Tarji'-band, ascribed to Khwajah Hafiz,in praise of Imam Ali Riza, with the burden

^vu-i »i& <j\ jjuiIt is written by another hand ; the tran¬

scriber, Muhammad Kasim of Isfahan, datesZulka'dah, A.H. 971.

Add. 7091.Poll. 220; 9 in. by 5|; 15 lines, 3i in.

long; written in fair Nestalik with gold-ruled margins; dated Muharram, A.II. 962(A.D. 1554).

Jy\The Divan of Kasim i Anvar.

Beg. *>\yi»j*t »i^bj_«> tj^-

f\ "Hj^ <6Sayyid Kasim, or Kasim i Anvar, whose

original name was Mu'in ud-Din Ali, is, likethe preceding, a saint of great renown withthe Slnahs. He was born in Sarab (Yakut'sSarav), in the district of Tabriz, A.II. 757,and had for religious instructors ShaikhSadr ud-Din Ardabili, an ancestor of theSafavis, and, after him, Shaikh Sadr ud-DinAH Yamani, a disciple of Shaikh Auhad ud-Dln Kirmilni (see p. 619 a). After stayingsome time in Gilan, he went to Khorasan,

d d 2

030 POETRY.—A.H. 800—900.

and settled in Herat, where he lived duringthe reigns of Timur and Shahrukh. Theredisciples flocked to him in such numbers,and he acquired so great an influence, as togive umbrage to the sovereign. Abd ur-Bazzak relates in the Matla us-Sa'dain, fol.155, that in A.H. 830, Shahrukh having beenstabbed in the Masjid of Herat by a certainAhmad Lur, Sayyid Kasim was charged byMirza Baisunghar with having harbouredthe intended assassin, and was obliged toleave Herat and repair to Samarkand, wherehe found a protector in Mirza Ulugh Beg.He returned, however, some years later, toKhorasan, and took up his abode in Kharjird,a town of the district of Jam, where he diedin A.H. 837. See Nafahat ul-Uns, p. 689,Latii'if Nfimah, fol. 5, Majalis ul-'Ushshak(p. 352 b), Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3,p. 145, Lubb ut-Tavarikh, fol. 112, and HaftIklim, fol. 509.

Daulatshah alone has an earlier date forthe death of Sayyid Kasim, viz. A.H. 835.See Hammer, Bedekiinste, p. 285, Bland,Century of Ghazals, vi., and Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 533.

The Divan, in which the poet uses some¬times «M>\i, sometimes L^»^ ) for his Takhallus,contains—Ghazals alphabetically arranged,fol. lb. A Tarji'-band, fol. 203 b. Ghazalsand Kit'ahs, some of which are in Turkish,others partly in the Gilani dialect, fol. 208 a.Rubais, fol. 215 6.

Copyist: ^^J^ ^ ^ o^joCopies of the Divan are mentioned in the

Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 559, the GothaCatalogue, p. 101, the Munich Catalogue,p. 28, and the Bibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1491—1493.

Add. 25,825.Poll. 167; 10| in. by 7£; 17 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia, in the 18th century. [Wm. Cureton.]

The same Divan, containing only theGhazals, and wanting the latter part of theletter ^.

Add. 18,874.Poll. 242; 8± in. by 6; 15 lines, 4 in.


I. Pol. 1 b. The same Divan, containing:Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol. 1 b. Amiscellaneous series of Ghazals, Kit'ahs, andMasnavis, fol. 196 b. Ruba'is, fol. 204 a.Marsiyahs on Mir Ghiyag, Mir Makhdiim,and Khwajah Hasan Attar, fol. 208 b. AMasnavi,containing, according to the heading,a prediction of the death of Timur, fol. 209 b.A Masnavi treating of the various degrees inascetic life, ol*lii* lJ, fol. 211 b.See the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 559.

II. Pol. 214 b.

l J )3j\x!>\

A Masnavi by the same poet, treating ofthe meanings attached by the Sufis to the

words " soul," ^ai, " spirit," ^ " heart,"v_A>, "intellect" JHs, and "love," ^Ls-,with a short prose preface beginning tl*i*

CJ&} di^os- aA»- in which theauthor calls himself ^ ^ mj^* ji^> ^.j^^lalb J} ^}\ (j£H^*N (j^**"*^ It isstated in the introduction, fol. 220 b, thatthe poem was written in answer to somequestions which were put to the authorwhen he was about twenty years old.

A copy of this work is mentioned, withoutauthor's name, in the Vienna Catalogue, vol.iii. p. 506. The last verses are those of thepoem described, without title, in the LeydenCatalogue, vol. ii. p. 119. Other copies arenoticed in the Gotha Catalogue, p. 101, andin the St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 389.

III. Pol. 231 b. iU,, "Tract ofthe Trust," a Sufi work in prose and verse,by the same.

POETRY.—A.II. 800—900. 037

Beg. <y*s- j (_>»>Ua«j£Vft*-

By »iU, " Trust," the author understandsspiritual insight, as the true scope of man'screation. He refers incidentally, fol. 237 a,to an interview he had in Herat, A.II. 779,with Maulana Zahir ud-Dln Khalvati. Thistract, which is quoted in the Nafahat, p. 692,is described, without title, in the GothaCatalogue, p. 101.

Or. 1224.Poll. 237; 6i in. by 4|; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the16th century. [Alex. Jaba.J

I. Pol. 1 a. The Divan of Kasim i Anvar,wanting the first page, and containingGhazals, Kitfahs, fol. 192 b, a Tarji'-band,fol. 194 b, and Ruba'is, fol. 199 a.

II. Pol. 203 b. Anis ul-'Arifin; seeabove, art. ii.

III. Pol. 225 b. Risalat ul-Amanah; seeabove, art. iii.

Add. 7768.Foil. 319; 8f in. by 5£; 19 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvans,gold-ruled margins, and gilt headings; datedZulhijjah, A.II. 857 (A.D. 1453).

[CI. J. Rich.]

^j-jo^ cJ^kZThe Kulliyat, or collected works, of Katibi.Katibi, who calls himself Muhammad B.

Abd Ullah un-Nisapiirl, was born in Tarshiz,but studied in Nishapur, and took hispoetical surname from his early applicationto the art of penmanship under the celebratedpoet and calligrapher Simi in the latter place.He went thence to Herat, and composedpoems in praise of Timur, Shahrukh, andthe latter's son Mirzii Baisunghar (who diedA.H. 837), but, failing to obtain adequate

recognition, he left the court in disgust, and,after wandering through Astriibfid and Gilan,he found a generous patron in the ruler ofShirvan, Mirza Shaikh Ibrahim (who diedA.H. 820, after a reign of twenty-five years;see Lubb ut-Tavarikh, fol. 153), whosereckless liberalities he squandered withequal lavishness. Prom Shirvan, after a shortstay in Azerbaijan, obtaining but scantnotice from its sovereign, Amir Iskandar B.Kara Yusuf (A.H. 824—838), he repaired toIsfahan, where he was initiated to Sufism byKhwajah Sa'in ud-Dln Tarikah (who diedA.II. 835; see p. 42 a). He finally settledin Astrabad, where he began writing aKhamsah in imitation of Nizami, but hadscarcely achieved the counterpart of theMakhzan ul-Asrar, when he was carried offby the plague in A.H. 838 or 839. a Anotherpoem, however, the Laila Majnun, evidentlybelonging to the Khamsah, is noticed inthe St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 366.

Notices on Katibi are to be found in Dau-latshah, vi. 12, Lata'if Namah, fol. 7, Habibus-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 149, Majfilis ul-Muminin, fol. 549, Tabakat i Shfih.jab.ani,fol. 77, Haft Ikllm, fol. 313, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 381. Compare Hammer, Rede-kiinste.p.281,Ouseley, Notices, p. 188, Bland,Century of Ghazals, v., and Dr. Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, p. 457.

Copies of the Divan of Katibi are noticedin the Leyden Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 119, theVienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 561, and theBibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1429. Otherportions of the Kulliyat are mentioned inthe St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 366, theUpsala Catalogue, p. 104, and the GothaCatalogue, p. 76.

I. Pol. 1 b. The Divan, with the heading,

^-jjISj <-Jj/01 Lfjit^j ^ U***"*

a A plague, which raged with unexampled violencein Herat, is recordedin the Matfa' us-Sa'dainunder A.H.838.

638 POETRY.—A.H. 800—900.

Ul j^S? ylf. j^A ^liTBeg.Contents: Kasidahs, arranged according

to the persons to whom they are addressed.The first are in praise of God, Muhammad,'AH, and the author's spiritual preceptorKhwajah Sain ud-Dln. The next followingare addressed to Timur, Shahrukh, Baisun-ghar, Shah Ibrahim, king of Shirvan, his sonthe Shahzadah Mimichihr, and persons ofless note. Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 89 b. MukattaMt, fol. 186 b. Bubalsand Fardiyyat, fol. 193 6.

II. Fol. 200 5. (£^JA», "The rose-garden of the godly," a religious poemin imitation of the Makhzan ul-Asrar ofNizami.

Beg. f>&^ } o-.*!^^\3 ^»-J\ jj^JI

III. Fol. 224 6. ^) " The confluentof the two seas," or metres (a poem so calledbecause it may be read in two differentmeasures), with a short prose preface, begin¬ning jj&o j ^J^o O^L»-J^ jjj>*

Beg. of the poem:—

j U y C->j&-j j\ ,j\»o-£iS j ^-tr'^ Ps-%-^-?£

The poem, which treats of the loves ofNazir and Manzur, in the allegorical sensefamiliar to the Sufis, is often called 3 Jn>K>jjto*

IV. Fol. 258 b. ti) " The ten Babs," orchapters, a poem containing moral preceptsand anecdotes, in the style of the Bustan.

Beg. i\^J6 r)ip jOj* c^j ^\\£*-+*j> \j JLc *.!♦=»•

In the conclusion Katibi addresses his son'Inayat, for whom the poem was written.The headings are given in the Upsala Cata¬logue, p. 104. A poem with the same begin¬ning is described in the Gotha Catalogue,p. 77, under the title of Tajnisat.

V. Fol. 293 b. «*U ^ " The thirty letters,"a poem on the loves of Muhibb and Mahbub,so called from the thirty love-letters whichit contains.

Beg. j ^ ft*

Jf<j» J>j■*JL#j#»

The poem is often referred to by the titleof <—>ys? j i-^*'0

VI. Fol. 385 b. ^\,J A l-»Ll/, " Dilrubai,"an allegorical poem, treating of Kubad, Kingof Yaman, and his crafty VazTr.

Beg. «fy ^&£{J y

J J Z. 3j ^ J

r r•U

Katibi wrote it, as he states in the intro¬duction, on returning after a long absence toGiliin, and shortly after the death of SultanRiza (who died A.H. 829; see Jahanara, fol.69). It is dedicated to the latter's successor,Amir Kiya (Mir Sayyid Muhammad). Inthe same passage are mentioned the poet'sformer works, Dah Bab, ST Namah, Majma*ul-Bahrain, and Jan u Dil.

Copyist: ^ u UaL*»

Add. 24,953.Foil. 309; 7 in. by 4±; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with threeUnvans, and gold-ruled margins; datedAstrabad, Jumada I., A.H. 883 (A D. 1478).

[ Loud Aberdeen.]

Another copy of the Kulliyat of Katibi,containing—the Divan, fol. 1 b. Dah Bab,fol. 212 b. Majina' ul-Bahrain, fol. 254 b.Gulshan i Abrar, fol. 295 b.

The last poem wants the latter half, cor¬responding to foil. 212—223 of the precedingcopy.

Transcriber: ±xL)\ ^ ^ ^^>J1 t--3tt&

POETRY.—A.II. 800—900. 639


long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins; dated Safar, A.II. 1023 (A.D.1614).

The Divan of Katibi, wanting the Kasi-dahs.

Beg. U t\X t^j £+»\±Oji JlilCopyist:On the first page is a note signed Sultan

Muhammad Kutubshah, stating that the MS.had been written by Mas'iid in the royallibrary at Haidarabad.

Add. 22,702.Poll. 85; 7f in. by U2 ; 12 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold headings; dated Shirfiz, Ramazan,A.H. 889 (A.D. 1484). [Sir John Campbell.]

The Divan of Khayaii, JUi-

Beg. f£ y\y\ J ^ISJ^l f^/^j L$\Mauhlna KhayalT, of Bukhara, was a pupil

of his townsman Khwajah *Ismat, who diedA.H. 829. Khayall died, according to theTabakat i Shfihjahani, fol. 94, during thereign of Ulugh Beg (A.H. 850—853). SeeHabib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 161, Latii'ifNamah, fol. 9, Daulatshah, vi. 19, Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, p. 465, and Hammer, llcde-kiinste, p. 279.

Contents : Two Kasidahs in praise of Godand Muhammad, fol. 1 b. Ghazals in alpha¬betical order, fol. 4 b. Tarji' in praise ofAli, fol. 80 a. Kasidah in praise of theauthor's master, Khwajah 'Ismat Ullah,fol. 81 b. Kitahs, Ruba'is and Pardiyyat,fol. 83 a.

Add. 27,266.Poll. 31; 8 in. by 5 ; 10 lines, 2 J in. long;

written in elegant Nestalik, with 'Unvan,

and gilding between the lines throughout,probably in the 16th century.

[Sir John Malcolm.]

JWHal Namah, a Magna vi by 'Arif I, .

Beg. ^/ l-w* *S Jljf->. } J J^_=^ J-5^- J

Maulana Mahmiid 'Arifi, surnamed thesecond Salman, JlS u U-», lived in Herat, hisnative city, under Shahrukh, and died there,according to the Tabakat i Shahjahani, fol.90, A.II. 853. He left, besides various poems,among which the present is mentioned byJam!, Baharistfm, as the best, a versifiedtreatise on law, and a Dah Namah dedicatedto the Vazir Khwajah Plr Ahmad B. Ishak.See Daulatshah, vii. 4, Habib us-Siyar,vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 150, Lata'if Namah, fol. 42,and Ilahi, Oude Catalogue, p. 80.

Although entitled Hal Namah by theauthor, fol. 29,

(ji.«l3 tsu* ^JS*~ p^>-^"» s£the present poem is better known, from itssubject, as j <jr^. It is an allegory,in which the ball and the bat are personifiedas types of mystic love, and all the imagesare borrowed from the favourite game ofChaugan. The author wrote it, as he statesin the epilogue, in the spaco of two weeks,in the year indicated by the chronogram

i.e. A.H. 842, in the followinglines, fol. 29 :—

(jU« jyj) gjl—'i <s_3o'jw&SoT

&>\*jjj* y> ^.U3 j£* fi *^jf

He says in the same passage that he wasthen past fifty years of age, and adds, in asecond epilogue, that he had been rewardedby the prince to whom he presented thepoem with the gift of a horse and a thousandDinars.

The Guy u Chaugan was written, accord-

640 POETRY—A.H. 800—900.

ing to the Tabakat i Shahjahani, in Shir.sz, forMirza *Abd Ullah B. Ibrahim Sultan B.Shahrukh. Mlrza 'Abd Ullah succeededhis father as viceroy of Pars in A.H. 838;but he was dispossessed after the death ofShahrukh by his cousin Mlrza Sultan Mu¬hammad B. Mlrza Baisunghar, who had beenfor five years governor of Irak. In the pre¬sent copy the dedication is addressed toSultan Muhammad, fol. 8:

(j^^?- ^â^* 1 'Sxmo ulc jt.jt* <ixZ>jji~

Copies are mentioned in the Leyden Cata¬logue, vol. ii. p. 123, the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 379, and the Munich Catalogue,p. 36. Compare Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 266.

Add. 23,612.Poll. 49 ; 8f in. by 6 ; 7 lines, 3 in. long,

in a page; written in fair Nestalik, on tintedand gold-sprinkled paper, with TTnvan andornamental designs on every page, probablyin the 15th century.

The Divan of Shahi,

Beg. U b c^lai- &L~J (jâJ <j\

l« j*> Jjl jjj j <-jj*- ufo

Amir Shahi, originally called Ak-Malik,or Aka Malik, son of Amir Jamal ud-DinFiruzkuhi, a scion of the princely family ofthe Sarbadars, was born in Sabzavar, andattached himself to Mirza, Baisunghar, bywhose influence some of his paternalestates in Sabzavar were restored to him.There he lived in affluence, and found fullleisure to cultivate his artistic and literarytastes. The latter part of his life was spentin Astmbad, whither he had been called bythe son of his former patron, Mirza Abul-Kasim Babur, to design some palaces, andwhere he died A.H. 857, upwards of seventyyears old.

Notices on Amir Shahi will be found inDaulatshah, vii. 1, Lata'if Nfimah, fol. 14,

Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 150, HaftIklim, fol. 322, Majalis ul-Muminin, fol. 551,and Tabakat i Shahjahani, fol. 115. Com¬pare Hammer, Redekiinste, p. 293, Ouseley,Notices, p. 131, and Sprcnger, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 563.

The Divan consists of Ghazals alpha¬betically arranged, with some Kit'ahs andRubais at the end. The present copy haslost a few pages in the body of the volume,and two or three at the end.

Other copies are noticed in the LeydenCatalogue, vol. ii. p. 119, the Vienna Cata¬logue, vol. i. p. 562, the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 366, the Upsala Catalogue,p. 105, and the Bibliotheca Sprengcr., No.1516.

Add. 7788.Poll. 38; S'i in. by 5; 13 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins; dated Rauzat un-Nabaviyyah (Me¬dina), end of A.H. 969 (A.D. 1562).

[CI. J. Rich.JThe same Divan, wanting the first page.

Copyist: ^j***^ ^jhi u*Ôn the fly-leaf is a short Turkish notice

on the poet, an English translation of whichhas been prefixed.

Or. 288.Poll. 36; 8 in. by 5 ; 13 lines, 3| in. long;

written in Nestalik, dated Kaurali, Par-ganah of Palwal, Sha'ban, A.H. 1185 (A.D.1771). [Geo. Wm, Hamilton.]

(Jî

The same Divan, wanting the Ghazalsin

Add. 7769.Poll. 217; 9| in. by 6£; 15 lines, 3 in.

POETRY.—A.II. 800—100. 641

long ; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins; dated Samarkand,Jumadf II., A.H. 955 (A.D. 1548).

[CI. J. Rich.]

"The Lamp," a Masnavi containingthoughts on spiritual life, illustrated bycopious anecdotes of prophets, saints, andfakirs, in the style and measure of the Mas¬navi of Jahll ud-Din Riimi.

Author: RashTd, sxtij

Beg. ^LLJLil \j\ibJ6 l1*«Uj J\

j* y ft ^ c+~#In a heading written in gold on the first

page the author is called Rashld ud-DinMuhammad ul-Asfara'ini, \_JWr ^\ gli* J( m

.W jj^jJ^j t±J\ ^1 j t_^UaW\iJtyLi'N

It is stated in a note written on the fly¬leaf, and dated A.H. 1097, that he lay buriedin Bahrabad, Asfara'in, with Shaikh Sa'dud-Din Hamavl and Shaikh Azari.

In the prologue the author states that hehad written this work with the permission ofhis Shaikh, who is called, in a marginal ad¬dition, Uj^JI all! and that it isdivided into three books, treating respectivelyof love, fol. 4fi, dissolution, fol. 74 a, and long¬ing, fol. 159 b.

j\j ^ jjji^ J-ol au»» ji Zj*

jl_Juj J LJJ Jli CLaAS?jO

The date of composition, A.II. 852, isgiven in the following line at the end:

J— M 'ijJ 1 j\ C^>i.£=> jg.

Jwl ^\ _jJ j sl*H j J,«allfe

See Stewart's Catalogue, p. 71, and Spren-ger, Oude Catalogue, p. 542.

vol. H,

Or. 355.Poll. 33; 9| in. by 6£; 25 lines, 4| in.

long; written in four gold-ruled columns,in small Nestalik, with *Unvan, apparentlyin the 17th century. Prom the royal libraryof Lucknow. [Geo. ¥m. Hamilton.]

The first half of the same work, corres¬ponding to foil. 1—102 of the precedingcopy.

Add. 7930.Poll. 221; 9 in. by 4|; 17 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvans andgold-ruled margins, apparently in the 17thcentury. [CI. J. Rich.]

I. Poll. 1—179. The Divans of Na'ili,Vijdi, and Sabri, Turkish.

II. Poll. 181—221. The Divan of Naziri,uV-'3

Beg. £*iy t}Au> j\ c( y ^ Ji"The poet, who calls himself in two places,

foil. 216 a, 220 b, ^yh, a native of Tus, orMashhad, lived in India, and most of hisKasidahs are addressed to Sayyid Shah Kha-lil-Ullah, on whose death he has a Margiyah,fol. 189 b, and to his two sons and successors,Shah Muhibb Ullah, and Shah Habib Ullah.Both father and sons are described in thetwofold character of warlike princes and ofholy teachers. It appears from various pas¬sages that the poet had grown old in theirservice, but not rich, as some piteous appealsfor money, food, and raiment, plainly testify.

It has been before stated (p. 635 a) thatShah Khalil Ullah, son of Ni'mat Ullah Vali,went, after his father's death, A.H. 834, tothe Deccan, and was received with thehighest marks of regard by Ahmad ShahBahmani. His sons enjoyed high rank andgreat wealth under that prince and his suc¬cessor Ala ud-Din Shah (A.H. 838—862).

E E

642 POETRY.—A.H. 800—900.

Habib Ullah met with a violent deatli inA.H. 864. See Firishtah, Briggs' transla¬tion, vol. ii. pp. 419, 462. We learn fromthe same author, Bombay edition, vol. i.p. 628, that Mulla Naziri was employed, withSami'i and others, in continuing the BahmanNiimah, or poetical history of the Bahmanidynasty, which the author Azari (see p. 43 b)had brought down to the reign of HumayunShah, A.H. 862—865.

.Contents : Kasidahs, fol. 181 b. Ghazals,without alphabetical arrangement, fol. 204 b.Mukatta at, fol. 212 b. Ruba is, fol. 216 b.

Or. 1150.Foil. 151; 8 in. by 5^; 17 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in small Nestalik, with ruledmargins, apparently in the 16th century.

[Alex. Jaba.]A more extensive Divan of the same poet,

slightly imperfect at the beginning, con¬taining Kasidahs in alphabetical order, fol.1 a. Ghazals similarly arranged, fol. 122 b.Kit'ahs, fol. 139 a. Bubais, fol. 146 a.

Add. 19,766.Foil. 362; 14 in. by 10f; 19 lines, 6£ in.

long ; written in large Ncstalik, in fourcolumns enclosed by gilt borders, with rich'Unvans; dated Rarnazan, A.H. 1097 (A.D.1686). Bound in painted and glazed covers.

&/c\j ^JlJ^"

Khavar Niimah, a poem in the epic metreon the warlike deeds of *Ali, and his com¬panions, Malik and Abu 1-Mihjan.

Author : Ibn llusam, ^L.*-Beg. ^Uil>

pL-j (jii)

Maulana Muhammad B. Husarn ud-Din,known as Ibn Husam, was born, according

to Daulatshah, in Khusaf, L_i«>ji-, a or, aswritten in some copies, i_i«>jo-, in theKuhistan of Khorasan, where he is said tohave led the life of a peasant, and to havecomposed his poems in the fields. He boasts,in the epilogue of the present poem, hisproud independence. Having reduced hiswants to one barley loaf a day, he scornedthe banquets of kings :

i_^Sj L'j jSr ^joJ» <^Lj

»U _j d.xH>jy>- OpUS

*J (jV} <J~> ^*-f UJ?"j-t-M^ ftjJu* (jlJC-«

He died A.II. 875, leaving, besides hisKhavar Niimah, numerous poems in praiseof the Imams, which are highly popularwith the Shfahs. See the Majalis ul-Muminin, fol. 555, Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii.,Juz 3, p. 336, where A.H. 893 is given asthe date of his death, Tabakiit i Shahjahani,fol. 139, lliyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 23, and theAtashkadah, fol. 40, where he is noticedunder Khwaf. Compare Hammer, Rede-kiinste, p. 297, and Sprenger, Oude Cata¬logue, pp. 19, 68, and 432.

The poem was written, as stated in theprologue, in imitation of the Shahnamah ofFirdiisi, for whom the author expresses thehighest admiration. Its matter, professedlyborrowed from an Arabic work, is purefiction. It relates to the battles and singlecombats fought by Ali and his companions,with the Shah i Khavaran, named Kubad,with other heathen kings called TahmasShah, and Slsan Shah, and with hosts of Divsand dragons.

The date of composition, A.H. 830, isgiven in the following verses of the epilogue,in which the title of the poem appears in

■ Khusaf is, according to Hafij! Abru, fol. 180, a districton the edge of the desert which divides Khorasan fromKirman.

POETRY.—JAMI. G43

the form of Khavaran Namah, from the nameof 'Ali's principal adversary:

^ju> iijjjAjk-J^.*a-li6 Jl*o ji _js»

<j»jk wVj^-j ^ ^&<0 y^W- )j <j^J ^<

l»U!) ^Zij> i£ &sC!>Uj j»t>^iThe Khavar Namah is mentioned by Mold,

Preface to the Sludmamah, p. 77, as thelatest of the imitations of the great epos.A copy is mentioned in the Ousclcv Collection,No. 27.

The MS. contains one hundred and fifty-six whole-page miniatures in the Indian style.

Copyist: jjU* ^fy*The name of Kamal ud-Dln Khan has

been substituted in the subscription forthat of the original owner.

Add. 7773.Foil. 297; 9J in. by h\ ; 17 lines, 3 in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with two'Unvans and gold-ruled margins; datedEajab, A.H. 962 (A.D. 1497).

[CI. J. Rich.]The Divan of JamT, ^W- ^xi, with a

prose preface beginning with the following

^ ne ' (•-i-^^ ^l*^r uAj*" y*

Nur ud-Din 'Abd ur-Rahman Jami, whodied A.H. 898 (see p. 17 a), may be calledthe last of tho classical poets of Persia.After dwelling in the preface on the highvalue of poetry, he states that he hadcultivated it from his youth upwards, andhad until then, when he was drawing nearto his seventieth year, kept his poems inalphabetical order. Having resolved, how¬ever, to bring them into a more rationalarrangement, he performed that task inA.H. 884. That date is ingeniously conveyed

in the following line of a versified chrono-y °gram, *ib lib ^ ^Js.*> j>. It isobtained by placing a " pearl" on the faceof the "shell," in other words, a dot on thefirst letter of the word

Contents : Kasidahs, arranged accordingto subjects, beginning jl.*.) ^ds* , fol. 5 b. This section, beginningwith poems in praise of God, Muhammad,and 'AH, contains religious and moral pieces,partly in imitation of Khakani and AmirKhusrau, several Kasidahs addressed to thereigning sovereign, Abul-Ghazi Sultan Hu-sain, and various occasional pieces. Tarji'-bands, including Marsiyahs on the death ofthe saint Sa'd ud-Din Kashgharl, who diedA.n. 860, of the poet's brother, and of hisson, fol. 36 a. Masnavis addressed to SultanAbu Sa'id and bis successor Sultan Husain,to the Osmanli Sultan Muhammad II., andthe Kara Kuyunlu sovereign, Jahanshah,fol. 54 a. Ghazals in alphabetical order,

beginning ^jJ* A+»A ^J>\ d\ *—>fol. 60 b. Kit'ahs, fol. 280 b. RubaTs

in alphabetical order, fol. 285 a.

Copyist: ,J* ^.oJl uJju-»Copies of the Divan are mentioned in the

Catalogues of Leyden, vol. ii. p. 120, Krafft,p. 68, St. Petersburg, p. 379, Upsala, p. 106,Copenhagen, p. 41, Gotha, p. 102, andMunich, p. 30. Jami's minor poems havealso been collected in three separate Divans,containing respectively the compositions ofhis youth, middle life, and old age, on whichsec Sprenger, Oudc Catalogue, p. 448, andthe St. Petersburg Catalogue, pp. 371, 372.

German translations of select poems havebeen given by V. von Roscnzweig, Vienna,1840, by Riickert in the Zeitschrift fiir dieKunde des Morgenlands, vols. 5, 6, and inthe Zeitschrift der D. M. G., vols. 2, 4, 5, 6,24, 25 and 29, lastly by M. Wickerhauser,Leipzig, 1855, and Vienna, 1858.

E E 2

POETRY —JAMI.

Add. 25,816.Foil. 311; 11 in. by 6£; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with two'Unvans, gilt headings, and gold-ruled mar¬gins; dated Balkh, A.H. 976 (A.D. 1568).

[Wm. Cureton.]The same Divan, with the preface. The

arrangement and contents are substantiallythe same as in the preceding MS.

Add. 7774.Foil. 302; 7 in. by 14 lines, about

2| in. long; written in cursive Nestalik;dated Muharram, A.H. 949 (A.D. 1542).

[01. J. Rich.]An earlier collection of Jami's minor

poems, with a shorter preface, beginninguWl vty* J> ^ ufûtf In thepreface, which contains a dedication in verseto Sultan Abu Sa'id, the poet says that hehad reached his fiftieth year.

Contents: Two religious poems in imita¬tion of Khakani and Khusrau, and a thirddescriptive of old age, fol. 4 a.

Beg. (jiiljL~>(i fjiy*\s- ^3 Jj-** O—j^ fX**Some Tarji's, concluding with a Margiyah on

the death of Mauhina Sa'd ud-Din Kashghari(A.H. 860), fol. 14 a. Ghazals in alpha¬betical order, fol. 28 b.

Beg. j*j£s- pifr \u>\ plaff^ ps-Ji\ (i >-J\ &\

Kit'ahs, fol. 284 a. RubiVis in alphabeticalorder, fol. 289 b.

Or. 1218.Foil. 265; 8i in. by 5 ; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in a neat Nestalik, in twocolumns, with Tnvan and gold-ruled mar¬gins; dated Kazvin, Ramazan, A.H. 894(A.D. 1489). [Alexandre Jaba.]

Another collection, with the same preface.The contents are nearly the same, but thearrangement somewhat different.

Add. 7770.Foil. 287; 11 in. by 6|; 21 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in four gold-ruled columns, with nine 'Unvans, apparentlyin the 16th century. [CI. J. Ricu.J

jôW CJjJb

The seven Masnavis of Jami, with a prosepreface.

Beg. UiU j JJi JjIs- t_jp \^Jami states in the preface that the above

title, "Haft Aurang," was taken from theseven-starred constellation so-called (theGreat Bear). He then proceeds to set forththe metre of each of the seven poems, whichhe takes in the following order, differing fromtheir arrangement in the present copy:—1. Silsilat uz-Zahab. 2. Salaman u Absal.3. Tuhfat ul-Ahrar. 4. Subhat ul-Abrar.5. Yusuf u Zulaikha. 6. Laila u Majnun.7. Khirad-Namah i Iskandari.

I. Fol. 2 b. ^s>s)\ HLXm, " The GoldenChain," a religious poem in the metre of theHaft Paikar, dedicated to Sultan Husain.

Beg. ^ J* J_J ±J) dr yî j Ola^j

The poem is divided into three sections(Daftars), beginning respectively on foil. 2 b,49 6, and 70 b.

See for the contents the Jahrbiicher, vol.66, Anzeige Blatt, pp. 20—26.

II. Fol. 85 b. J^K\ " The Rosaryof the Righteous," a religious poem in themetre of the Nuh Sipihr of Amir Khusrau,dedicated to Sultan Husain, with a shortprose preface beginning, J&. / j/jj xijl

The poem begins thus:

^L-a.^ J'y*^ {X~J>\ u+^jh &\

The Subhah has been printed in Calcutta,A.H. 1226,'and 1262.

POETRY.—J AMI. 645

III. Pol. 123 b. Wj j v-i"»j>., "YQsuf andZulaikha," a poem in the metre of Nizami'sKhusrau u Shirin, dedicated to Sultan Hu-sain.

Beg. ^l—Uo ±x*\ e.s^

ijW*} iVjV *M>jjj\ 0 &

It is stated in the following lines of theepilogue, that the poem was completed atthe close of A.H. 888 :

j_WU \J»-±-T jfUi

j—i- L_J j_5>-] -

iiJ.S? JL» j! JuO

(V J 1 ^ ^ u r**This is the most popular of Jami's poems.

It has been repeatedly printed in India, andA.H. 1279 in Persia. The text has beenpublished, with a German translation, by V.von Rosenzweig, Vienna, 1824. See alsoextracts by the same, Mines de l'Orient,vol. ii. p. 47, and by P. Zingerle, Phonix,1852.

IV. Pol. 173 b. JA, " Laila andMajnun," in the same measure as the poemof the same name by Nizfimi.

Beg. ^ ^3 y J\Û-iîy J.a& y ^yV

The author states in the concluding linesthat he had written the poem in the space ofabout four months, in A.H. 889, devoting toit two or three hours each day, and that itcontains 3760 distichs. It has been trans¬lated into Prench by A. L. Chezy, Paris,1805, and into German by Hartmann, Leip¬zig, 1807.

V. Pol. 220 b. tjJ d^C\ Ôsy-, "Alex¬ander's Book of Wisdom," a poem in themetre of the Iskandar Namah of Niziimi,dedicated to Sultan Husain.

Beg. o— ^\ ^\<jû»\j> ^j>\Lô JU»-

It appears, from the epilogue, that thispoem originally formed the last portion ofthe author's Khamsah, mentioned further on.

VI. Pol. 249 b. JL*j1 j ÛÛ, " Salamanu Absal," an allegorical poem, in the samemeasure as the Mantik ut-Tair of 'Attar.

Beg. w liLI»l& U U tj3 cÎaj <^Û&l* w ^-?jy c-iW

It is dedicated to Shah Ya'kub, i.e. Ya'kiibBeg B. Hasan Beg, of the Ak Kuyunludynasty, who reigned from A.H. 883 to 896.Mr. P. Palconer has published the text, Lon¬don, 1850, and an English translation, 1856.

VII. Pol. 255 b. UJ, " A Gift tothe Pree," a religious poem in the metre ofthe Makhzan ul-Asrar, divided into twelveMakalahs.

Beg. f-i^j-K (j-vj-M &\ *~J

ftjf ti)\}=- yj"ko <£*~J»The prologue contains a eulogy on the then

living chief of the Nakshabandi order, ShaikhNasir ud-Din 'Ubaid Ullah, better known asKhwajah Ahrar (see p. 373 b), whose sur¬name is alluded to in the title. The poemwas completed, as stated at the end, A.H.886. It has been edited by P. Palconer,London, 1848.

Prefixed to the last poem is a short prosepreface written by Jami for his Panj Ganjor Khamsah, a collection consisting of fiveof the above poems, viz. Tuhfat ul-Ahrar,Subhat ul-Abrar, Yusuf u. Zulaikha, Lailau Majnun, and Khirad Namah i Iskandari.It begins thus:

(_j*>U«S» d îUi'

The contents of the Haft Aurang aredescribed by Dr. Sprenger in the Oude Cata¬logue, pp. 442—451. Copies are mentionedin Stewart's Catalogue, p. 65, in Ouseley'sCollection, No. 132, and in the cataloguesof Vienna, vol. i. p. 564, St. Petersburg,p. 368, Upsala, p. 107, and Munich, p. 31.

640 POETRY.—JAMI.

Add. 26,162.Poll. 416; 9 in. by 5|; 21 lines, 2J in.

long, with 14 lines in the margin; writtenin fair Nestalik, in two columns, with 'Un-vans, apparently in the 16th century.

[Wm, Eeskine.]The same poems in their original order,

viz. : Silsilat uz-Zahab, fol. 2 b. Salaman uAbsal, fol. 126 b. Tub fat ul-Ahrar, fol.143 b. Subhat ul-Abrar, fol. 181 b. Yusufu Zulaikha, fol. 236 b. Laila u Majnun, fol.306 b. Khirad-Namah i Iskandari, fol. 375 b.

The MS. bears the name and seal ofEdward Galley.

Or. 472.Eoll. 275 ; 10£ in. by 6£ ; 23 lines, 4J in.

long; written in small Nestalik, in fourcolumns, apparently in the 17th century.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]Another copy of tbe Haft Aurang, dif¬

ferently arranged, as follows : Laila u Maj¬nun, fol. 5 b. Khirad-Namah i Iskandari,fol. 49 b. Silsilat uz-Zahab, with tbe pre¬face to the Haft Aurang, fol. 76 b. Sala¬man u Absal, fol. 156 b. Tuhfat ul-Ah¬rar, with tbe preface to the Panj Ganj, fol.171 b. Subhat ul-Abrar, with a short prosepreface, fol. 193 b. Yusuf u Zulaikha, fol.229 b.

A note on fol. 76 a, relating to a purchaseof the MS., is dated A.H. 1053.

Add. 27,265.Poll. 263; llf in. by 7£; 16 lines, 3g in.

long, with 34 lines in the margins; writtenin fair Nestalik, with 'Unvan and illuminatedheadings; dated Rajab, A.H. 973 (A.D.1566). Bound in painted covers.

[Sir John Malcolm.]The Divan of JamI, with the preface

noticed p. 641 a.Contents: Preface, fol. 1 b. Kasidahs,

fol. 5 a. Tarji's, fol. 18 a. Magnavis, fol.26 a. Two Kasldahs in imitation of Kha-kam and Kbusrau, and a third descriptiveof old age, fol. 29 b. Marsiyahs and someoccasional pieces, fol. 38 a. Ghazals inalphabetical order, fol. 48 a. Kit/ahs, fol.255 a. Ruba'is and Pardiyyat, fol. 257 b.

The margins form a separate scries, con¬taining the four following poems : Subhatul-Abrar, fol. 1 b. Tuhfat ul-Ahrar, withthe preface, fol. 92 b. Khirad-Namah i Is¬kandari, fol. 148 b. Salaman u Absal, foil.220 6—257 b.

Copyist: C*£»j>.

Add. 16,799.Poll. 98; 8£ in. by 6; 20 lines, 4& in.

long; written in minute Nestalik, in fourgold-ruled columns, with three 'Unvans andgilt headings, probably in the 16th century.

[Wm. Yule.]I. Pol. 1 a. Silsilat uz-Zahab (see p. 644 6),

wanting the first page, two leaves afterfol. 2, two leaves after fol. 72, and two moreafter fol. 78.

II. Pol. 82 b. Salaman u Absal (seep. 645 b). On fol. 48 b is found the name ofSir Gore Ousclcy.

Add. 7772.Poll. 192; 8£ in. by 5; 17 lines, 3 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedMuharram, A.H. 988 (A.D. 1580).

[CI. J. Rich.]Silsilat uz-Zahab (see p. 644 b), wanting

six leaves after fol. 1.

Copyist: u UaL-> ^ ^s? o-»ji>

Add. 23,551.Poll. 236; 11^ in. by 1\; 15 lines, 2$ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with gold-


ruled margins and four rich TJnvfms, ap¬parently in the 16th century.

[Robert Taylor.]The same poem.

Add. 18,416.Foil. 144; 81 in. by 5 ; 15 and 13 lines,

2£ in. long, with 30 lines in the margins inthe latter half of the volume; written incursive Indian Nestalik ; dated Ramaziin,A.H. 1057 (A.D. 1647). [Wm. Yule.]

The same poem.

Add. 18,415.Foil. 233; 8 J in. by 5 ; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins ; dated Lahore, Zul-hijjah, A.n. 1148 (A.D. 1730).

[Wm. Yule.]The same poem.

Or. 336.Foil. 299; 9£ in. by 0; 9 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik, probablyin the 18th century. From the royal libraryof Lucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The same poem, wanting the latter partof Daftar I., the beginning of Daftar II.,and the whole of Daftar III.

Add. 26,163.Foil. 48; 9^ in. by 6|; 12 lines, 2f in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins; dated llabi' I., A.H. 980(A.D. 1572). [Wm. Erskine.]

Salamfin u Absal (sec p. 645, vi.), wantingthe first page, single leaves after foil. 1, 24,and 26, and four leaves after fol. 44.

The Subhatul-Abrar (see p. 644, ii.),written by a later hand in the margins offoil. 1—44, has corresponding lacunes.

Copyist: sjj ^.jJI ^iU ^

Add. 6615.Foil. 182; 9.£ in. by 6; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvan,gold-ruled margins, and illuminated borders;probably about the close of the 15th century.

[J. F. Hull.]Tuhfat ul-Ahrar (see p. 645, vii.), with a

short prose preface, in which Jaml claims in¬dulgence for his poem, " however unworthytobe strung on the same thread as the pricelesspearls of the Makhzan ul-Asrar of Nizami,and the Matla' ul-Anvar of Amir Khusrau."

Beg. 0j£ ^Js. J«- U J U*WFoil. 61—182, written by another hand,

probably in the 16th century, contain theSubhat ul-Abrar with the preface abovenoticed (p. 644 b, ii.).

Add. 6616.Foil. 166; 9^ in. by 5± ; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik, datedJumada I., A.H. 1025 (A.D. 1616), andJumada II., A.H. 1019 (A.D. 1010).

[J. F. Hull.]Subhat ul-Abrar, with Jaml's preface,

fol. 1 b.Tuhfat ul-Ahrar, with the preface noticed

in the preceding MS., fol. 105 b.

Or. 1369.Foil. 61; lOf in. by 6J; 12 lines, 2f in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, with 'Unvan,gilt headings, and ornamental designs in theouter margins, apparently in the 15th cen¬tury. [Sir Chas. Alex. Murray.]

The Tuhfat ul-Ahrar, with the same prosepreface. It wants the latter part of the pro¬logue and the first two Makalahs. At theend is the author's subscription, stating thatthe poem had been completed in A.H. 886.

Add. 19,004.Foil. 78; Q\ in. by 4£; 12 lines, 2| in.

648 POETRY.—JAMI.

long; written in a fair Ncstalik, with gold-ruled margins, probably in the 16th century.

Tuhfat ul-Ahrar, with the same prefaceand subscription.

Add. 16,798.Toll. 76; 9in.by5J; 12 lines, 2\ in. long;

written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvan, goldheadings and illuminated borders; datedA.H. 938 (A.D. 1531). [Wm. Ydle.J

Tuhfat ul-Ahrar, with the preface.Two leaves are wanting after fol. 8, four

after fol. 12, and one after fol. 21. At thebeginning are two miniatures in fair Indianstyle, with rich borders.

Copyist: i\L>s\L ^\ ^Jti

Add. 25,817.Foil. 62; 9^ in. by 6J; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins, probably in the 16thcentury. [Wm. Cureton.]

The same poem.

Add. 19,499.Foil. 150; 8 in. by 4f; 12 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins, probably in the 16th century.

The same poem.

Copyist •. f>.j&\

Add. 25,818.Foil. 86; 6£ in. by 4; 11 lines, 2 in. long;

written in Nestalik, with two 'Unvans andgold-ruled margins; dated Agrah, Rajab,A.H. 1006 (A.D. 1598). [Wm. Cureton.]

The Tuhfat ul-Ahrar, with the preface.Copyist:

Or. 1230.Foil. 65; 7 in. by 3|; 18 lines, l£ in.

long, with 12 lines in the margin; writtenin small and fair Nestalik, probably aboutthe close of the 15th century.

[Alexandre Jaba.]Subhat ul-Abrar (see p. 644 b), with the

preface, and Turkish glosses written betweenthe lines.

Add. 26,164.Foil. 130; 9£ in. by 5£; 12 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvan,illuminated headings, and gold designs inthe margins, apparently in the 16th century.Bound in gilt and stamped leather.

[Wm. Erskine.]Subhat ul-Abrar, with tho preface.Copyist: jfjjî ±JM Ât the end is a miniature in Persian style,

with a rich border.

Or. 1225.Foil. 113; 6£ in. by 4J; 14 lines, 2| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, with 'Unviinand ruled margins, probably in the 16thcentury. [Alexandre Jaba.]

The same poem, with the preface.

Harleian 501.Foil. 112; 8 in. by 4|; 14 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Ramazan,A.H. 1009 (A.D. 1601).

Subhat ul-Abrar, with the preface.

Copyist: Ui" joX) jju* ^ ^

Add. 24,055.Foil. 150 ; 9f in. by &\ ; 14 lines, 3 in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, with a rich'Unvan, gilt headings, and gold-ruled mar¬gins ; dated Rabi' II., A.H. 947 (A.D.1540).

Yusuf and Zulaikha (see p. 645 b).Copyist: Û. ^»Xi

Or. 1221.Foil. 177; 6* in. by 4± ; 12 lines, 2 in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unviin,gold-ruled margins and illuminated headings,dated Sha'ban, A.H. 989 (A.D. 1581). Boundin gilt and stamped leather.

[Alexandre Jaba.]Yusuf and Zulaikha, with three whole-page

miniatures in Persian style.

Add. 6629.Poll. 139 ; 6J in. by 4; 13 lines, 2| in.

long; written in small Nestalik; dated A.II.997 (A.D. 1589). [J. P. Hull.]

The same poem.

Or. 1368.Poll. 176; 12 in. by 7 ; 12 lines, 3| in.

long; written in fine Nestalik, on gold-sprinkled paper, with *Unvan, illuminatedborders and headings, apparently in the 16thcentury. [Sir Ciias. Alex. Murray.]

The same poem, with six whole-pageminiatures in Persian style.

Poll. 32—37, 138, 139 and 176 have beensupplied by Muhammad Rizii i Isfahani, inRabi< II., A.II. 1011 (A.D. 1602). '

Add. 19,493.Poll. 142 ; 8 in. by 4£; 15 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in small and neat Nestalik,with 'Unviin and gold-ruled margins, appa¬rently in the 16th century.

The same poem.A Persian note on the first page is dated

Lahore, A.H. 1042.

Add. 25,902.Poll. 138; 8± in. by 4f; 15 lines, 2£ in.


The same poem.VOL. II.

Add. 5562.Poll. 167 ; 8£ in. by 4|; 13 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Murshid-iibad, Rajab, the 5th year of Parrukhsiyar,(A.H. 1129, A.D. 1717).

[Charles Hamilton.]The same poem.Copyist: JSln i^AU

Add. 7771.Poll. 205; 8f in. by 5£; 12 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unviin andgold-ruled margins; dated Shavval, A.H.1177 (A.D. 1764). Bound in painted covers.

[01. J. Rich.]The same poem, with seventy-six minia¬

tures in fair Indian style.Copyist: JU»

Add. 26,165.Poll. 140; 8£ in. by 5; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Indian Nestalik, probablyin the 18th century. [Wm. Erskine.]

The same poem, wanting three leaves atthe end.


long; written in Indian Nestalik, probablyin the 18th century.

The same poem.

Add. 7778.Poll, 184; 74 in. by 4£; 17 lines, 2$ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Rabi* II.,A.H. 967 (A.D. 1560). [CI. J. Rich.)

J* ti;***"9' j&*A Turkish commentary by Suriiri (see p.

606 a) on the versified treatise on logogriphsof Mir Husain B. Muhammad ul-Husaini,which begins thus:

p F

650 POETRY.—A.1I. 800—900.

3 j\ ^Uj\-*2>J> J^r

Mir Husain, a native of Nishapur, who ledthe life of a scholar in the Madrasah Ikhla-siyyah of Herat, attained eminence in theart of versified riddles. He died A.H. 904.See Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 340,Lubb ut-tavarikh, fol. 164, Taki and Ilahi,Onde Catalogue, pp. 20, 75, and Haft Iklim,fol. 317.

The treatise was written, as stated in thepreface, by desire of Mir l Ali Shir, andsubmitted for approval to Jami, whose clas¬sification of Mu'ammas had been adopted.The logogriphs given as examples relate toproper names of men.

Sururi says in the preface that he hadpreviously written a commentary uponJami's treatise on the same subject, j& &!l~>j

u i. lie states at the end tbat thepresent commentary was completed inA.H. 965.

The Risalah of Mir Husain is mentionedby Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 638, by Uri, p. 294,and in the Catalogues of Leyden, vol. i.p. 360, Munich, p. 43, and Gotha, p. 116.

Add. 7767.Poll. 89; 7 in. by 5; 13 lines, 2§ in

long; written in fair Nestalik, with l Unvanand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the16th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

lSj±**\The Divan of Asiri.

Beg. W j& Oj jJ jl£ (jrl\>\v j l^Jj lA-y*

Asiri, whose proper name was ShaikhShams ud-Din Muhammad B. Yahya, ofLahijiin, in Gilan, was the principal Khalifahof the celebrated founder of the Nurbakhshiorder, Sayyid Muhammad Nurbakhsh, whodied in Rai, A.H. 869. After his master's

death he settled in Shiraz, where he built amonastery called Khankah Nuriyyah. liewas a friend of the famous philosopherDavani (see p. 442 b), and lived on to thetime of Shah Ismail, who went to see himafter taking possession of Shiraz (A.H. 910).He left, besides his Divan, a commentaryupon the Gulshan i Raz (see Haj. Khal., vol.v. p. 233). A full notice of his life is foundin the Majalis ul-Muminin, fol. 345 ; see alsoRiyiiz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 43. His son, whobecame celebrated as a poet under the nameof Pida'i, died A.H. 927. See Taki Kashi,Oude Catalogue, p. 20, No. 143, and p. 21,No. 179, and Ilahi, ib., p 70.

The above named Sayyid MuhammadNurbakhsh, whose life is also recorded in theMajalis ul-Muminin, fol. 343, was the sonof Sayyid Muhammad, of Katif, and a de¬scendant of Imam Musa Kazim. He wasborn in Ka'in, A.H. 795, and was initiated inSufism by Khwajah Ishitk Khutlani, a discipleof Sayyid Ali Hamadani (see p. 417 b), fromwhom he received the surname of Nurbakhsh.Having been incarcerated by Shahrukh inHerat for an attempted rising in Khutlan,where he had proclaimed himself Khalif,A.H. 826, he escaped from confinement, and,after long wanderings through Basrah,Baghdad, and Kurdistan, where he foundmany followers, he settled in Gilan, wherehe remained until the death of Shahrukh.He then repaired to Rai, where he spent therest of his life. His son, Shall Kasim, whosucceeded him as head of the Niirbakhshis,and was treated with great consideration byShah Isma'il Saf'avT, died in Rai, A.H. 927.See Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 4, p. 115.

The Divan contains Ghazals alphabeticallyarranged, in some of which the poet addressesNurbakhsh as his spiritual guide, and aTarji'-band at the end, foil. 85—89. AnotherTarji-hand is written in the margins of thesame folios.

The margins of foil. 4—38 contain the

POETRY.—A.M. 900—1000. 051

Zad yl-Musafirln (see p. 608 a), wanting theeighth Mak;llah.

A copy of the Divan of Asiri is mentionedin the Gotha Catalogue, p. 109.

Or. 1096.Foil. 408; S£ in. by 5£; 12 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins ; dated A.H. 1018(A.D. 1609). [D. Forbes.]

J>\i5The Divan of Fighani.

Beg. \j ^li/ »J> JSc- y pUI t*My* J\\ i^** & y

Fighani was the son of a cutler in Shiraz,and originally took, in allusion to his father'strade, the takhallus of Sakkaki, He created,according to Valih, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol.336, a new style of poetry, which most ofthe subsequent poets, down to the time ofMirza Sa'ib, strove to imitate. It was nothowever to the taste of the poets of thecourt of Sultan Husain, and Fighani leftHerat, whore he had first tried his fortune,and repaired to Tabriz. There he won thefavour of Sultan Ya'kfih, the youthfulsovereign of the Ak-kuyunlu dynasty (A.H.883—896), who bestowed upon him thetitle of Baba i Shu'arfi, or "father of thepoets." After the death of his protector, hesettled in Abivard, and subsequently inMashhad, where his poems in praise of theImam secured him an honourable reception.He died there, according to the Lubb ut-Tavarikh, fol. 180, A.H. 922, or, as stated bySam Mirza (Notices ct Extraits, vol. iv.p. 305), A.H. 925. See also Majalis ul-Muminin, fol. 560, Haft Ikllm, fol. 101,Bland, a Century of Ghazals, ix., and theOude Catalogue, p. 21, No. 176, and p. 403.

The Divan contains Ghazals in alpha¬

betical order, Ruba'is and Fardiyyat, fol.197 a.

Copies are mentioned in the cataloguesof Leyden, vol. ii. p. 122, St. Petersburg,p. 384, and Munich, p. 34, and in the Biblio-theca Sprenger., No. 1396.

The MS. bears the signature and Persianseal of Edward Galley.

Add. 16,794.Foil. 176; 10 in. by 6|; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, with two 'Unviinsand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the18th century. [Wm. Yule.]

The same Divan, with an additional sectionof Kasidahs, mostly in praise of 'All and theImams, foil. 1—14, beginning:

L-^li j.s>UL*»

^JU* u j\ i> J>£ f w j

Add. 25,821.Foil. 65; 12 in. by 9> ; 19 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated A. 1201of the Bengal Era (A.D. 1794).

[Wm. Cureton.|i—'^Juo\

The Divan of Asafi.

Beg. \j j«j ^->)y>- *M

\j ^JU-.* £b t^k.jr 0 ^.Khwajah Asafi, son of Khwajah Ni'mat

Ullah Kuhistani, who had been Vazir toSultan Abu Sa'id, took his poetical surnamefrom his father's office (Asaf). He was oneof the most eminent poets of the court ofHerat in the reign of Sultan Husain, andattached himself especially to Mir 'AH Shir,and to the Sultan's son, Mirza Badi* uz-Zaman, whom he accompanied to Balkh.He died on the 16th of Sha'ban, A.H. 923,at the age of seventy, as slated in Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 346, in Lubb ut-

F F 2

652 POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000.

Tavarikh, fol. 180, and in Haft Iklim, fol.336. The date is fixed by two chronograms,one of them said to have been composed byAsafi himself when he felt death drawingnear, " He measured with seventy steps theroad to eternity,"

L^>Uj £ /> 3 CLtij t^jo tf.jj\_ 'i_ a_lib ij &j+>:>

the other due to a contemporary poet, AmirSultan Ibrahim Amini:

gjo «.>■ 16 ^j\ Jti^0 jjj sA_*T oIj j ^LiJ

Sam Mirzii and Taki Kashi give A.H. 920,and Hahi A.H. 928 (Oude Catalogue, pp.20 and 71), as the date of his death. Othernotices will be found in Daulatshah, viii. 6,Lataif Namah, fol. 33, Khulasat ul-Akhbar,fol. 401, Memoirs of Babcr, p. 194, Riyazush-Shu ara, and Atashkadah, fol. 76. Com¬pare Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 310.

The Divan eonsists of Ghazals in alpha¬betical order, and some Bubals, fol. 62 b.Copies are mentioned in the catalogues ofVienna, vol. i. p. 577, St. Petersburg, p. 385,Copenhagen, p. 41, and Munich, p. 34, andin Bibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1370.

Cotton. Cleopatra A. ix.Poll. 65; 7 in. by 4£; 11 lines, 2| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, probablyin the 17th century.

The same Divan, wanting three leaves atthe beginning and one at the end.

Or. 271.Poll. 78; 8£ in. by 6; 15 lines, 3£ in.

Ion" ; written in cursive Nestalik ; datedSafar, A.H. 1278 (A.D. 1862).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]The same work.

Copyist: u-^-S A*? ^ {J&ji?**tS><Jj* U^VSrl

This copy was made for Col. G. W. Ha¬milton, then Commissioner Superintendentof the Province of Multan.


long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvan,gold-ruled margins, and six miniatures inPersian style; dated Tabriz, A.H. 938 (A.D.1532); bound in painted covers.

J*5Laila and Majnun, a Masnavi by Hatifi, ^/l>\*

Beg. >\xh &J> &el». e£ a/oli ^\

J W uHjjj Jjf*

Maulanii 'Abd Ullah Hatifi, who was theson of Jami's sister, and, like him, a nativeof Kharjird, in the province of Jam, wasunrivalled in his day as a Masnavi writer.It is said that he did not commence hisKhamsah, upon which, although not com¬pleted, his fame chiefly rests, until he hadgiven to his celebrated uncle proofs of hiscompetence, and obtained his leave. Hedevoted no less than forty years to the com¬position and improvement of the TimurNamah, the last poem of the Khamsah.

Sam Mirza states in his Tazkirah, fol. 88,that his father Shah Ismail, passing throughKharjird on his return from the conquest ofKhorasan, A.H. 917, strolled to the houseof Hatifi, who was living there in greatseclusion, and, finding the gate closed,effected an entrance by scaling the gardenwall. After entertaining his unbidden guest,the poet had to comply with his desire bywriting a poetical record of the Shah'svictories. Of this last poem, however,(a copy of which is described in the St.Petersburg Catalogue, p. 383) only a thou¬sand lines were written; it was left unfinishedat his death, which took place, as stated in

POETRY.—A.II. 900—1000. G53

the Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 846,in the month of Muharram, A.H. 927.See also Memoirs of Baber, p. 196, Lubb ut-Tavarikh, fol. 181, Haft Iklim, fol. 285, Riyfizush-Shuara, fol. 501, Hammer, Redekiinste,p. 355, Ousoley, Notices, p. 143, and Spren-ger, Oude Catalogue, p. 421.

The prologue contains an invocation toSayyid Kasim i Anvar, the patron Saint ofKharjird (see p. 635 b), in whose shrine, andthrough whose inspiration, Hatifl formedthe first conception of this poem. In theepilogue he describes himself as the successorof Nizami and Khusrau, while he ranksJam!, who is spoken of as still living, as afourth by the side of the three monarchs ofthe realms of poetry, FirdusI, Anvarl, andSa'di. In conclusion he expresses a hopethat this, his first poem, would be followedby four others, to complete a Panj Ganj, orKhamsah.

Copyist: Jp}&l\The Laila Majniin was edited by Sir Wm.

Jones, with a notice on the author by 'AllIbrahim Khan (see p. 328 a), Calcutta, 1788.It has been reprinted by Navalkishor inLucknow.

Copies are mentioned in the catalogues ofLeyden, vol. ii. p. 121, Vienna, vol. i. p.581, and Gotha, p. 107, in the OuseleyCollection, No. 261, and the BibliothecaSprenger., No. 1410. A manuscript trans¬lation by Dr. J. Leyden is preserved inAdd. 26,574.

Add. 16,801.Foil. 71 ; 7 in. by 4^; 15 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Indian Nestalik ; datedSha'ban, A.H. 1027 (A.D. 1618).

[Wm. Yule.]The same poem.

Add. 26,166.Poll. 90; 8J in. by 4±; 14 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvan,gilt headings, gold-ruled margins, and sevenminiatures in Persian style; dated Rabi* I.,A.H. 960 (A.D. 1553). [Wm. Erskine.]

Jom CL*z&Haft Manzar, a Masnavi by Hatifl, in

imitation of the Haft Paikar of Nizami.Beg. '»j3,\sLi J\

Ug+i, 1} j±<o y ^>The poet, who, in the introduction, addresses

Jami as still living, designates in the epiloguethe present poem as his third, naming LailuMajnun as the first, and Shirin Khusrau asthe second.

Copies are noticed in Stewart's Catalogue,p. 67, and in the catalogues of St. Petersburg,p. 383, Copenhagen, p. 42, and Munich,p. 34.

Add. 7780.Poll. 122; 8£ in. by 4£; 14 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins, gold-headings, and eightminiatures in Persian style, apparently inthe 16th century. [Cl. J. Rich.]

&/*l_j> j Ly+£>Timur Namah, the poetical history of

Timur, by Hatifl, a Masnavi in imitation ofNizami's Iskandar Namah.

Beg. *J- Jii t£<-H- ^

The poem is sometimes called Zafar-Namah(see Haj. Khal., vol. iv. p. 176), but itsreal title is Timur Namah, which, however,from the exigencies of the metre, the textshows only in a contracted form, «*13 jj

y jyj*)e^j j£ j\ \j i^

The author addresses, in the prologue,the reigning sovereign, apparently SultanHusain, without mentioning his name :

654 POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000.

W"** V*i&r-*

and, after boasting of his own matchless ex¬cellence, not only in Masnavi, but also inKasidah and Ghazal, complains that thecares of livelihood prevented him fromgiving full scope to his genius :

jlj i.+X±»\j+H ^Jm\m j-*-* j

j6 j 3J *^->y<A$ uPLh f^j J

<î- J J ^\-i->J, yUil ^

u^" jr? - cjV^ 9"He mentions in the epilogue his three

previous poems, Laila u Majnun, ShTrin uKhusrau, and Haft Manzar, dwells on thecontrast existing between the fabulous storvo »

of Alexander and the veracious character ofliis Tlmur Namah, and asserts that he hadstrictly followed the lead of the eloquentofficial writers who had recorded Timur'sauthentic history, as contained in the ZafarNamah :

frjj 0j *JUfl j fifi3 < j&x£*tt\ j

J^jJ\ yjtf-

j*'* J L>»^>- Jiii j>*>^ tsi^-J ijjjj>- ^ c^sZiÛifcj îj^j+J*- jj 5"*^

(jryl* <ty

£v* ji p***yîi ^jJ piib a,«U yik

lie says in conclusion that, although hislife had been spent in celebrating the praisesof the Timurides, he had not reaped anyother benefit than his world-wide renown.

The Tlmur Namah has been lithographedwith the title âil* iwUyjli, in Lucknow, 1869.

Copies are described in Uri's Catalogue,p. 116, in the catalogues of St. Petersburg,

p. 381, and Munich, p. 34, in the OuseleyCollection, No. 263, and the BibliothecaSprenger., No. 1412.

Add. 22,703.Poll. 87; 111 in - b y 7; 13 lines, 2$ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, in twocolumns, with illuminated borders, gilt head¬ings, rich gold designs in the margins, andseven whole-page miniatures, probably inthe sixteenth century.

[Sir John Campbell.]A fuller recension of the same poem, im¬

perfect at beginning and end, and wantingsingle leaves after foil. 16, 37, 54 and 58.It begins with the taking of Isfahan, andends with Timur's victory before Halab, cor¬responding to pp. 38—85 of the Lucknowedition.

Add. 6618.Foil. 159; 9| in. by 6; 14 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan, gold-ruled margins, and gold headings, apparentlyin the 16th century. [P. Hull. |

The same poem.

Or. 340.Foil. 117; 8£ in. by 5 ; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, With gold-ruledmargins, probably in the 16th century.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]The same poem.Poll. 2, 7—30, 46—53, 61-69 and 78—

116 have been supplied by a later hand, in| A.H. 1187 (A.D. 1773).


long; written in cursive Indian character;dated Safar, A.H. 1085 (A.D. 1674).

[Wm. Cuketon.]I The same poem.

P0ET11Y.—A.H. 900-1000. 655

Or. 341.Foil. 159; 11 in. by Of; 11 lines, 3£ in.

long; wi'itten in Nestalik, with two 'Unvfmsand ruled margins; dated Lahore, A.D.1856 (A.H. 1273). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The same poem.Prefixed is a short notice on Thnur, with

his portrait, foil. 2 b —4 a.Copyist: t)o^> wJjj/»«M

Or. 343.Poll. 41; 8$ in. by 6; 17 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan and gold-ruled margins, apparently in the 16th cen¬tury. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

U*°J^ ]

A poetical description of the holy shrinesof Mecca and Medina, and of the rites ofpilgrimage, in the metre of the Makhzan ul-Asrar.

Author: Muhyi,

Beg. OjAj \j &«,t> <j\

j jy y j \> ^ >^

Muhyi Liiri, a native of the island ofLar in the Persian Gulf, lived, according tothe Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 411, from thetime of Sultan Ya'kiib (A.H. 883—896) tothe reign of Shah Tahmasp, who succeededA.H. 930. He wrote a commentary uponthe Ta'iyyah of Ibn Pariz, and dedicated thepresent poem, on his return from Mecca, toSultan Muzaffar B. Mahmud Shah (whoreigned in Gujrat from A.H. 917 to 932).That dedication is not found in the presentcopy. Muhyi died, as stated by Taki Kashi,Oude Catalogue, p. 21, A.H. 933. He isdescribed by Sam Mirza, fol. 117, and theauthor of Haft Iklim, fol. 114, as a discipleof Davani (see p. 442 b). Compare Atash-kadah, fol. 137, and Haft Asmtin, p. 89.

In a copy of the Futiih ul-Haramain,described in the Vienna Catalogue, vol. ii.p. 122, the date of composition is expressedby the chronogram j>^ = A.H. 911.

The Putuh ul-Haramain has been some¬times ascribed, by a very natural oversight,to Jami; see Stewart's Catalogue, p. 66, andSprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 451. Jami'sname occurs indeed in this line of the pro¬logue, fol. 10 a:

y** j\ /

Jliu Jbut only in connexion with an extract fromhis Tuhfat ul-Ahrar, viz. the seventh Makfi-lah, which, treating of the same subject andbeing in the same metre, has been insertedin full, foil. 10 a —11 b. The author giveshis name in the introduction, fol. 4 a :

i_J fej\~i\ j\ (j,-^

4JJ j &>\it>j jb y £

and again in the conclusion, fol. 41 b :

U^.y- ^ ^ j* urs**uH>=" f~ J uH>=- J J

In a lithographed edition published inLucknow, A.H. 1292, which contains a textsubstantially agreeing with the present copy,the quotation from Jam! has been omitted,and the work is boldly ascribed to thefamous saint, Muhyi ud-Din 'Abd ul-KadirJilani, who died A.H. 501. The contentsof the poem have been stated in thoJahrbucher, vol. 71, Anzeige Blatt, p. 49.Compare Haj. Khal., vol. iv. p. 385, and Dr.Lee's Oriental MSS., London, 1830, p. 59.

The MS. contains coloured drawings of theholy places.

Add. 7783.Foil. Ill; 6 in. by 8f; 11 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Shafi ai, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins; dated Rabi' II., A.H.1192 (A.D. 1778). [CI. J. Rich.]

656 POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000.

JiUThe Divan of Hilali.

Beg. y j) >i U-^y5j Uj- y ; J s^li^

Bach- ud-Dln Hilali, born in Astrabad of aChaghatai Turkish family, went as a youthto Herat, where his education was watchedover by Mir 'All Shir. Sam Mlrza, whom heoften visited, states, fol. 85, that he was putto death as a Shlah heretic by the Uzbakinvader, 'Ubaid Khan, A.H. 939. He left aDivan and two Masnavls, entitled Shah uDarvlsh and Sifat ul-'Ashllrin. A third,Laila u Majnun, is ascribed to him by TakIAuhadi, and the author of the Atashkadah ;but its existence is contested by Valih, Riyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 501. See Hablb us-Siyar,vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 350, Haft Ikllm, fol. 4G8,Hammer, Rcdekiinste, p. 368, and Sprcnger,Oude Catalogue, p. 426.

The Divan consists of Ghazals alphabeti¬cally arranged, with a few Kit'ahs andllubfi'Is at the end, fol. 106 a. It has beenlithographed in Cawnpore, A.H. 1281. Seethe catalogues of Vienna, vol. i. p. 563, andMunich, p. 35, Bibliotheca Sprenger., No.1414, and King's College Library, No. 186.

Add. 7781.Foil. 55; 8| in. by 5±; 12 lines, l£ in.

long; written in small and fair Ncstalik,in gold-ruled columns, with 'Unvan, andgold-sprinkled margins ; dated Sha'biln, A.H.927 (A.D. 1521.) [CI. J. Rich.]

u^j J> J A*" The King and the Danish," a Masnavl

by Hilali.Beg. *yry j* J-? ^

c/V- J JThis poem is often called Shah u Gada.

The objectionable nature of its subject is not

redeemed by any pretence of spiritualsymbolism.

See Stewart's Catalogue, p. 76, the cata¬logues of Leyden, vol. ii., p. 122, of St. Peters¬burg, p. 389, and of Munich, p. 35, and theOuseley Collection, No. 526.

Copyist: (jr,ylijJl aU»


long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvan,ruled columns, and tinted designs in themargins, probably in the 16th century.

[Wm. Erskine. ]A defective copy of the same poem, want¬

ing two leaves after fol. 9, twelve after fol. 10,and four at the end. It bears the signatureand Persian stamp of Edw. Galley, with thedate 1783.

Add. 7782.Poll. 22; 91 in. by 5; 15 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Shikastah-Amlz, with ruledmargins ; dated A.H. 1076 (A.D.1666).

fCl. J. Rich.]The same poem, wanting the epilogue.

Or. 307.Poll. 141; 10$ in. by 6f; 17 lines, 3 in.

long ; with 30 lines in the margins; writtenin fair Nestalik, probably in the 17th century.

(jUThe Divan of Lisanl.

Beg. \'**J»- ts)\£ (_sJ «*W t-^S^ yfcj1) ij^j^ <-z-*r* ^

Lisanl, whose original name was Vajili ud-Dln 'Abd Ullah, was born in Shiraz, butspent the greater part of his life in Baghdadand Tabriz. Sam Mlrza, who often enjoyedhis society, describes him as a pious manwho led the life of a Darvlsh, and states that

POETRY.—A.

he died in Tabriz A.H. 941. According tothe Majalis ul-Muminin, fol. 562, he composed,chiefly in praise of the Imams, ahout onehundred thousand verses, most of which arelost, and breathed his last while engaged inprayer in the mosque of Tabriz, at the timethat Sultan Sulaiman was marching uponthat city, i.e. at the beginning of the yearabove mentioned. See Haft Iklim, fol. 100,Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 397, Atashkadah,fol. 133, Hammer, Redekiinste, p. 391,Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 476, andErdmann, Zeitschrift der D. M. Gesellschaft,vol. xii. pp. 518—535, where several piecesfrom Lisam's Divan are given in text andtranslation.

The Divan comprises, in the present copy,an alphabetical series of Ghazals, with aconsiderable gap after fol. 69, extendingfrom the end of * to the beginning of p, anda Magnavl entitled Saki Namah, fol. 137 6.See the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 584.

On the first page is a short notice on thepoet, giving the same date of death as above,and mentioning VahshT, Muhtashim, andZamiri as his principal imitators.

Or. 279.Poll. 360; 9 in. by 5|; 18 lines, 2\ in.

long, with 12 lines in the margin; writtenin small Nestalik, probably in the 18th cen¬tury. From the royal library of Lucknow.

[Gko. Wm. Hamilton.]oliS'

The poetical works of Ahli ShTrazi.This poet is not to bo confounded with

his contemporary namesake, Ahli Khurasan!,a native of Turshiz, who lived in Herat, anddied A.H. 934 (see the Oude Catalogue,p. 319). Ahli of Shiraz, who excelled in allkinds of poetical composition, is especiallyfamous for the ingenious artifices of versifi¬cation, in which he emulated and surpassedSalman and Katibl. Mir AIT Shir mentions

vol. n.

II. 900—1000. 657

him in his Majalis, written A.H. 896, as ascholar and accomplished poet, who hadtwice sent him verses from Shiraz, and hadjust composed a skilfully rhymed Kasidah inimitation of Salman. With the exception ofa short stay in Tabriz, Ahli appears to havespent the whole of his life in his native city,where he died in old age A.H. 942. Thatdate, which is given by Sam Mirza, fol. 96,is fixed by the following chronogram due toa contemporary poet Mirak, and quoted inthe Majalis ul-Muminm, fol. 561, and HaftIklim, fol. 102: J»1 ay 1^ Seealso Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 4, p. 112,Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 28, Atashdah, fol. 119,Hammer, Redekiinste, p. 376, Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, p. 320, Bland, a Century ofGhazals, vii., and Erdmann, Zeitschrift derD. M. Gesellschaft, vol. xv. pp. 775—785,where some specimens of Ahli's Divan aregiven in text and translation.

I. Eol.4 6. J^^<< Lawful Witchcraft,"the love-story of Prince Jam and PrincessGul, in Masnavi rhyme, with a short prosepreface beginning:

Aj&m } ^j 0 j

Beg. of the poem, a^Ci» ^ y j> ps- *^*> <j\dJW

Ahli wrote it, as he states in the preface,in order to make good his boast that he wasable to outdo Katibl, by combining in onepoem the artifices of metre and plays uponwords found separately in that poet's twoadmired works, the Majma* ul-Bahrain andthe Tajnisat. The prologue includes a eulogyaddressed to the author's patron, KazT Mu'inud-Din (Sa'idi):

^ (Jfcjlp cu^< Ji* ji *♦* u

ylio ^li* j ^>

tt) 1^ J J~ ] u/^a-G G

658 POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000.

II. Pol. 16 b. j Candle andMoth," a Masnavi.

Beg. \» j\ \jU *&~\CoUfe

It is dedicated to Sultan Ya'kub (of theAk-KuyQnlu Dynasty, A.H. 883 to 896), andis stated, in the concluding lines, to consistof one thousand and one distichs. The dateof composition, A.H. 894, is expressed bythe chronogram u-»U^I J, in the followingline:

/ ^ J^j^J&\ L^ll^M p5 iy>

III. Fol. 37 a. Kasidahs, arranged accord¬ing to subjects.

Beg. $\ jLo j~> ^\

jS\\ c^jSi 'wjoT p«aT

The Kasidahs are in praise of Muhammad,'All, the Imams, Shah Ismail, KhwajahMu'in ud-Din Sa'idi, Amir Sa'd ud-Din As'ad,Amir 'Ali Shir, Ya'kub Khan, and others.This section contains also some Tarji'- andTarkib-bands, and concludes with a Mu-khammas.

IV. Pol. 93 b. Mukatta'at, including a• • • i O

large number of chronograms on contem¬porary events.

V. Pol. 104 b.order.

Ghazals in alphabetical

Beg. U u bj jjj y cjj^U y\*iSj^ £ (j-^V Js'l^

VII. Pol. 308 a. »b£ oUbj, Rubaisdescribing the various cards of the game, and

written for a pack of cards iutended for aroyal personage.

Beg. ^ c^jj o», tifli- LS^-» Jr - J\VIII. Pol. 314 b. Rubais, followed by

some riddles, fol. 351 a, and an invocation(Munajat) in verse, fol. 358 b.

Copies of the Kulliyat are described inStewart's Catalogue, p. 67, and in the cata¬logues of Vienna, vol. i. p. 585, and St.Petersburg, p. 391.

Add. 27,313.Poll. 283 ; 101 i n> by 6±; 19 lines, 2§ in.

long, with 12 lines in the margin; writtenin Nestalik, with 'Unvan and gold-ruledmargins; dated Shavvfd, A.H. 1170 (A.D.1757). [Duncan Forbes.]

A similar collection, containing—Sihr iHalal, wanting the last sixteen lines, fol. 1 b.Sham 1 u Parvanah, wanting the first twelvelines, fol. 13 a. Kasidahs, fol. 34 b. Riddles,fol. 86 b. Ghazals in alphabetical order,wanting the first page, fol. 90 a. Mukatta'at,fol. 217 b. Rubais in alphabetical order, fol.221 b. Three artificial Kasidahs, ^y-a* isx^'i,beginning respectively on foil. 237 b, 252 b,and 268 b.

The first of these Kasidahs has a prosepreface, in which the author states that itwas composed in imitation of a well knownKasidah of Salman Savaji, and in praise ofAmir 'AH Shir. The second is addressed toYusuf Shah, the brother of Sultan Ya'kubAk-Kuyunlu, who died A.H. 896, and thethird to Shah Isma'il Safavi. The last two haveshort prose preambles stating the number oftheir distichs, respectively 154 and 160. Inall three Kasidahs the names of the poeticalfigures, and of the secondary metres whichcan be derived from each verse, are given intabular form between the lines of the poem.

The first page of the MS. has the signa¬ture and Persian seal of Edward Galley.

POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000 659

Add. 16,796.Foil. 134; 84 in. by 4 1 ; 17 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins ; dated Muharram, A.II.962 (A.D. 1554). [Wm. Yule.]

c_-o.3s> <i)jj^

The Divan of Tayyib.Beg. Ub\ ju^y *i"

^Jlo j j».lajO j ^jJLJ <»U

The author, who calls himself mostly Tay¬yib, but in some places Shah Tayyib, is men¬tioned under the latter name in the Nafii'isul-Ma'a§ir, a work written A.H. 973—979,Oude Catalogue, p. 51. It appears fromsome passages of the Divan that he was aSayyid, and a fervid Shi'ah, foil. 5 a, 51 a,126, leading the life of a Fakir, and residingin Khorasan, foil. 16 b, 87 a ; but we learnincidentally, foil. 55 a, 87 a, that he hadvisited Bukhara and "Irak.

The Divan, which is entirely of a religiousand mystic nature, contains Ghazals in alpha¬betical order, and some Kubais, fol. 129 b.

Copyist: u_aU ^ & o±s- ^r^- ^ &+*-\«yV

Or. 280.Foil. 73; 7| in. by 2,\ ; 15 lines, 2 in.

long; written in small Nestalik; datedEabr II., A.H. 970 (A.D. 1562).


JJ^ 2fU»The Divan of Shah Bahlul.

Beg. lc tills- ±L d-uwjS ^Ls-j£-,j\ I****!1—* udili- ^

It contains Ghazals of a religious nature,arranged in alphabetical order.

From the formula aJ which follows theauthor's name in the subscription, he appears

to have died before A.II. 970. A Divan withthe same beginning, and a Vaslat Namahascribed also to Shaikh Bahlul, are noticedin the Oude Catalogue, p. 370.

Add. 7785.Foil. 135; 8 in. by 5J; 11 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Zulhijjah,A.H. 1217 (A.D. 1803). [Cl. J. Rich.]

JjAiThe Persian Divan of Fuzuli.

Beg. \J> ojT ^ JL^j U J'* ji\jj> 0 -»i j^l* j£* {J^f

Muhammad B. Sulaiman, of Baghdad,poetically called Fuzuli, and chiefly knownas a Turkish poet, wrote also Persian andArabic poetry with elegance. He died atKarbala A.H. 970, or, according to the Riyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 341 a, A.H. 976. See TakiKashl, Oude Catalogue, p. 22, Haft Iklim,fol. 55, Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 300, andHammer, Geschichte der OsmanischenDichtkunst, vol. ii. p. 293.

Contents: Ghazals in alphabetical order,with a considerable lacune after fol. 48, ex¬tending from j> to J, fol. 1. Kit'ahs andMagnavis, fol. 104 b.

Copyist: gi» ^ J* gt> ^\ ^Uai

The Divan has been printed in Tabriz.

Add. 7786.Foil. 62; 7| in. by 5£; 14 lines, 3 in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the16th century. [Cl. J. Rich. J

(jUaLi

The Dmin of Sultan Salim.G G 2

(500 POETRY.—A.IL 900—1000.

Beg. ^—J\,— ^ oje- n&J \J ^Ûwfc j, c^J-ô jii y &3 ^

Sultan Salim, son and successor of Sulai-raan the Great, was born in A.H. 930,ascended the throne A H. 974, and died A.H.982. He uses indifferently Salim and Salimias his Takhallus.

Contents: Four poems in praise of Godand Muhammad, fol. 1 b. Ghazals in alpha¬betical order, fol. 4 b.

See Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 285, Hammer,Geschichtc der Osmanischen Dichtkunst,vol. ii. p. 436, the Petersburg Catalogue,p. 400, where a different beginning is given,and the library of King's College, Cam¬bridge, No. 163.

Add. 7784.Foil. 184.; 10J in. by 6±; 11 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fair Ncstalik, in two gold-ruled columns, with 'Unvan, gold headings,and thirteen whole-page miniatures in fairPersian style; dated A.H. 948 (A.I). 1541).

[CI. J. Eicii.J..Oi <w

A poetical history of Shah Isma il.Author: Kasimi,

Beg. ij^~>\j5 Ûo- ^.^j jJ>jU*>^jtl^Jjb Û-. ftXi\ j)

Mirza Kasim, poetically surnamed Kasimi,was born in Junabad (Yakut's Junabiz), orGiinabad, in Khorasan, of a noble family ofSayyids, in which the chief magistrature,Kalantari, of that town was hereditary.Having left that office to his brother MirAbul-Fath, he adopted the life of a Fakir,and devoted his leisure to poetry. SamMirza states in his Tazkirah, written A.H.957, fol. 26, that Mirza Kasim had thenwritten the four following Masnavis: 1. AShahnamah, or poetical history of Shah

Isma'il. 2. Laila Majnun, dedicated to thesame sovereign. 3. Kar Namah, a poemdescribing a game of Chaughan played byShah Isma'il, and written by the Shah'sdesire. 4. Khusrau Shirin, dedicated to thewriter (Sam Mirza).

Mirza 'Ala ud-Daulah gives in his Nafa'isul-Ma'a§ir, written A.H. 973—979 (OudeCatalogue, p. 46), a detailed notice on Kasim,which has been inserted in the Haft Asman,p. 136. He speaks of him as still living, andstates that he met him in Kashan, when onthe way to India, and that Kasim then wrotea letter to Akbar, in which he gave the fol¬lowing account of his poems: 1. Shahnamah iMazi, a poetical record of Shah Isma'il, con¬sisting of 4500 lines. 2. Shah Namah iNavvab A'la, a history of Shah Tahmasp in4500 lines." 3. Shfihrukh Namah, in 5000lines. 4. Laihl Majnun, 3000 lines. 5. Khus¬rau Shirin, of the same extent. 6. Zubdatul-Ash'ar, in the metre of Makhzan ul-Asrar,4500 lines. 7. Guy u Chaughan (called alsoKar Namah), 2500 lines. To these theauthor of the Haft Asman adds an eighthpoem, entitled 'Ashik u Ma'shuk.

The date of Mirza Kasim's death is notaccurately known. It is stated in HaftIklim, fol. 331, that in extreme old age hemade over his fortune to the shrine of Imam'Ali Eiza in Masbhad. See also lliyaz ush-Shu'ara," fol. 367, Atashkadah, fol. 138,Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 534, andHammer, Redekiinste, p. 385.

The poem was commenced in the time ofShah Isma'il, who is addressed in the pro¬logue as the reigning sovereign; but it wasnot finished till after his death, which formsthe subject of the last section. The prologuecontains also a section in praise of the clas¬sical Ma§navi writers, Nizami and Khusrau,and of their worthy successor Hatifi, and aeulogy upon the Vazir Shams ud-Din Mu¬hammad Nuri. The historical portion of thepoem extends from the time of Sultan Haidar

POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000. 661

to the conquest of Khorasan by Shah Isma'iland the peace granted by him to the Uzbaks(A.H. 917).

Transcriber: u.yoJ>\ ^L'x^ ^j>\See Ilaj. Khal., vol. iv. p. 13, Mohl, pre¬

face to the Shahnamah, p. 77, the ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 638, the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 388, Asiatisches Museum,p. 375, and King's College Library, Cam¬bridge, No. 238.

On the first page is written: " This book... is a relick of the great Sefiviyan library.It was presented to me as a token of friend¬ship by Fethullah Khan, son of the heroicand unfortunate Lutf Ali Khan, who spentsome days at my house on his way to Mecca,etc. Baghdad, December 29, 1819, ClaudiusJames Rich." Lower down is a Persianentry written on that occasion by Fath UllahKhan.

Or. 339.Poll. 386; 81 in. by 5^; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in large Ncstalik; datedLucknow, A.H. 1180 (A.D. 1767).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]The following three poems of Kasimi:—■I. Pol. 2 b. The poem above described.This copy contains towards the end, fol.

132 b, the following line, which gives A.H.940 as the date of the completion of thepoem:

,jj£> J\ ^x> y» j\ k__okb^ ii uhj

It is expressed by the chronogram thefirst letter of which has to be left out.

II. Pol. 133 a. £j*>U», a poetical his¬tory of Skahrukh.

Beg. c^— .\j> j>Uob & uJ J\

<J^m\j> ^•H- j f>) JiiJJ

The title is contained in the followingcouplet, fol. 153 a:

C-A—A-*^ ,jUa*»T|dJZ> t& *>\S»

tjiii/jb CJJj

The prologue contains a dedication to ShahTahmasp, and a mention of the author'sprevious poems, viz., Shahnamah, Laila uMajnun, and Shirin u Khusrau. The date ofcomposition, A.H. 950, is conveyed in thefollowing line, fol. 260 a :

^jjjJ^c j\ (ji^Sj^

III. Pol. 260 a. a-U^i, the second part(Daftar) of the Shahnamah, containing apoetical history of Shah Tahmasp, and dedi¬cated to him.

Beg. \j^J\J J\ij/ Jjjb^Unsb \y ^J\M-

The narrative is brought down, in the pre¬sent copy, to the account of the arrest ofPrince Bayazid (A.H. 967) and of the cor¬respondence which took place on that occa¬sion between Sultan Sulaiman and ShahTahmasp. The text breaks off at the begin¬ning of the next-following section, relatingto the punishment of some refractory Sunnisin Kazvin.

See the St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 387.

Add. 25,023.Poll. 415; 9£ in. by 6; 17 lines, 3£ in.


Jl>The collected poems of Ghazali.Maulana Ghazali informs us in his preface

to the Divan, fol. 59 a, that he was born inMashhad. As he states further on, fol. 60 b,that he had completed his 30th year in A.H.966, he must have been born about A.H. 936.Persecutions to which he was exposed, as afreethinker, in his native country, drove himto India, where he attached himself to Khan

6G2 POETRY.—A H. 900—1000.

Zaman ('Alt Kuli Khan), one of Akbar'sgenerals, then Governor of Jaunpur (seeBlochmann, Ain Akbari, p. 319). When hispatron, who had risen in rebellion, wascrushed by Akbar (A.H. 974), he passedinto the Imperial service, and Akbar con¬ferred upon him the title of Malik ush-Shu'ara. He died, according to Badaoni,vol. iii. p. 170, on the 27th of Rajab, A.H.980, in Ahmadabad, Gujrat. The date isfixed by a chronogram of Faizi. See Bloch¬mann, Ain Akbari, p. 568, note 1, HaftIklim, fol. 295 a, Tabakat i Akbari, fol. 285,Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 488 b, Tabakat i Shah-jahani, fol. 234, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 319 b,Haft Asman, p. 100, and the Oude Catalogue,pp. 61 and 411.

His name is Ghazali, not Ghazzali as some¬times written; for the metre shows that thefirst syllable is short, and the poet himselfsays, fol. 59 b, that his takhallus was derivedfrom ghazal, a gazelle.

The present MS. has lost some leaves, andthe upper half of others, which apparentlycontained illuminated headings. The con¬tents are:—

I. Fol. 1. Ghazali's preface to his imita¬tion of twenty Ghazals of Mir Hasan ofDehli, composed at the request of Rukn us-Saltanat Muhammad, of Nishapur. The pre¬face, which wants the first two or three lines,is followed by the beginning of the first ofMir Hasan's Ghazals.

II. Fol. 3 a. ,jjx{\ poems addressedto Akbar, and composed by Ghazal! onvarious occasions, when he was admitted tothe royal presence.

The collection comprises—1. Kasidahs inalphabetical order, with a lacune at thebeginning, and another extending from^ to », 2. A long Magnavi containingmoral and religious advice. In the conclu¬sion the poet excuses his remissness in at¬tending Court by the state of destitution to

which he had been reduced by the loss ofhis Jaglr, and ends with a humourous de¬scription of a sorry jade, the sole remnant ofhis property. 3. Some short pieces, amongwhich is a chronogram on the birth of Akbar'sfirst child (Jahangir), A.H. 977. The firstKasidah was written when Akbar had com¬pleted his 25th year, i.e. A.H. 975.

III. Fol. 53 a. t^UiN j\5T, " Vestiges ofYouth," the Divan of Ghazali, with a prosepreface, the beginning of which is wanting.(See the Oude Catalogue, p. 412).

Beg. LfJ^ j ^ *&>ki- Ja& ,j\C»—.;' j\ J>- i_^Jj>-

We learn from the preface that the authorhad completed his 30th year when he ar¬ranged his poems in alphabetical order, anddedicated them to Akbar, in A.H. 966.

Contents: Preface, fol. 53 a. Kasidahs,Tarklb and Tarp-bands, fol. 60 a. Ghazalsin alphabetical order, fol. 91 b. Magnavis,fol. 200 b. Kit'ahs, fol. 270 a, Ruba'is,imperfect at the end, fol. 276 b.

IV. Fol. 295 a. jyiSCo a Sufi tracton mystic love.

V. Fol. 309 b. Ayj^\ CL*i~>," Sunnat ush-Shuara," a collection of Kasidahs in alpha¬betical order, with a prose preface. Most ofthem are addressed to Shah Tahmasp, someto Khan Zaman, and a few to Mun'im Khan,and other Indian Amirs.

Beg. J^t^ pk&tiS u^s* UJj^K^o ^ ^.^^> jj^

VI. Fol. 347 b. a Magnavipoem on mystic love, in imitation of Nizami'sMakhzan ul-Asrar, with a short prose pre¬face.

Beg. *-4-»-jMtr*^ 1 ^

jCjj* tilKj ci^-.joj.j (jtiu

The prologue contains a panegyric ad-

POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000. GG3

dressed to Shall Tahmasp, followed by aneulogy upon the poet's Indian patron, KhanZaman, for whom, according to the HaftIklim, the work was written. See Haj.Khal., vol. vi. p. 379, and the Vienna Cata¬logue, vol. iii. p. 439.

An imitation of the Makhzan ul-Asrar byGhazalT is mentioned in the Haft Asman,p. 100, under the title of Mashhad i Anvar,and some of the lines there quoted are foundin the present poem.

VII. Fol. 377 b. A Masnavi, wanting thefirst lines. It contains a violent diatribeagainst one of the 'Ulama who had attackedGhaz.di.

VII. Fol. 383 b. Another Masnavi want¬ing the first lines. It is a fierce satire againstKilich Khan, an Amir of Akbar's court (seeBlochmann, Ain i Akbari, pp. 31, 354), whois designated by his proper name Kilich andby his poetical surname Ulfati, and mostrecklessly abused, both as man and as pre¬tended poet. This ruthless attack appearsfrom the introduction to have been instigatedand countenanced by Akbar himself.

IX. Pol. 391 a. JU. '*juu>.T, a short col¬lection of Ghazals in alphabetical order, witha preface, the beginning of which is wanting.

Beg. I* J's- jjoJA ^j~j-iu* j\ ki- \j

U JU»- jjjj l>.jS» I y*u*

These Ghazals were extracted, as stated inthe preface, from the author's first Divan,i^LiJl Jo\, as specimens of the artificialmanner to which he inclined in his youthfulcompositions. They are not found, however,in the present copy of the Divan.

The Ghazals are followed by some Kit'ahs,fol. 410 b, and Rubais, fol. 412 a.

Or. 326.Poll. 254; 7i in. by 3|; 18 lines, 2£ in.


JL>$ oUS'The collected works of Vahshi.Vahshi, born in Bafik, Kirman, spent

nearly the whole of his life in Yazd, wherehe died, as stated by his contemporary TakiKashi, Oude Catalogue, p. 35, in A.H. 991or 992. The first of these dates is expressedby the chronogram *^ ^y** JA?quoted in Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 494. He was,according to the 'Alamarai, fol. 48, un¬equalled in his time either in Ghazal or Mas¬navi. It is stated in the Riyaz ush-Shu'ava,fol. 480, that he imitated the manner of BabaPighani, but with a more decided leaning tothe colloquial style. He is noticed in theHaft Iklim, fol. 76, the Atashkadah, fol. 63,and Haft Asman, p. 109. Compare Hammer,Redekiinste, p. 388, and Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 586.

The contents are as follows:—

I. Pol. 2 b. Kasldahs in praise of theImams, of Shah Tahmasp, Mir Miran Ghiyasud-Din (a descendant of Ni'mat Ullah Vali,who lived in Yazd; see Riyaz, fol. 435), ShahKhalil Ullah (see p. 635 a), etc., with someMarsiyahs at the end.

Beg. ULiff- Ojli- Ojj.U jil CL*o~\j

Lffljl c^cj=-

II. Pol. 73 b. ^Sj) jlv, "The supremeabode of bliss," a Masnavi in imitation of theMakhzan ul-Asrar.

Beg. j-l-f 0 ^jj' j—1 «-*'■»■

j*p-o iij yif? j 1 ij^

It has been edited by W. Nassau Lees,Calcutta, 1861.

III. Pol. 90 b. rfjit* j »V» " The love "story of Parhad and Shlrin," a Masnavi inthe metre of Khusrau u Shirin.

Beg. jsj-'^ id *>~fM o* 1'JyM S+S> <UA-»

This poem was loft unfinished by the

064 P0ET11Y.—A.H. 900—1000.

author. It lias been lithographed in Calcutta,A.H. 1249, and in Bombay, with a poem onthe same theme by Visal, A.H. 1265. SeeBibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1525, Haj. Khal.,vol. iii. p. 138, Stewart's Catalogue, p. 72,and Ouseley's Collection, No. 36.

IV. Pol. 121 a. jjs**,^ "The loves ofNazir and Manzur, a Magnavl in the samemetre as the preceding, imperfect at thebeginning.

The first line, as quoted by Haj. Khal.,vol. vi. p. 291, and in the Vienna Catalogue,vol. i. p. 577, is

Jh* (i>W .H f u J»j^jLj^ {J^l l_£~jl> *W jt

The date of composition, A.H. 966, is statedin the following lines at the end :

a^JJO^jj.} (»iai ^jJi ^gj£=>

,i-_Mj.-_} ^jSJL^-iwa-S gj^— > j>\

I_ HXXjaX.) ^gti t«^^j_J

I_ttjuoj {J**** V ^

±l ^y^j 1^.^ fj=s& j-j> t oU-)l «~»* j\ A-ly£

It is obtained either by doubling 30 fivetimes, and adding 6, or by summing up theletters of J^i J oUj^ *.♦*>

V. Pol. 162 b. Magnavis in praise of MirMiran and others, including also some satires,one of which is against a contemporary poet,Mulla Pahmi.

Beg. y eJjti 1-r , ^jj i j&> ^

VI. Pol. 181 b. Ghazals in alphabeticalorder.

Beg. J«> C*.\S »<> »yV jUj jj^i-At the end are some Mukattaat, fol. 244 a,

including chronograms on the death of ShahTahmasp and other contemporary events;lastly a few BubaMs, fol. 251 a.

A copy of the Kulliyat is described in theVienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 576.

Add. 23,552.Poll. 253; 7i in. by 4£; 12 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedShavval, A.H. 1034 (A D. 1625).

[Bobert Taylor.]Another collection of the poems of Vahshi,

containing:—I. Pol. 2 b. Laudatory poems, in the

form of Kasidah, Tarldb-band, and Masnavi.

Beg. JLs£«»1 lJ.jjIISj j!*L>. 2 »U- w UjUi\«j ^\

II. Pol. 116 b. Ghazals, without alpha¬betical order.

Beg. c^f-i j.b ^\ dr> \jfIII. Pol. 178 a. Khuld i Barin; see

above, art. ii.IV. Pol. 204 b. Parhad u Shirln; see

above, art. iii.

Or. 318.Poll. 82 ; 11 in. by 7 ; 14 lines, 4 in. long;

written in Nestalik, in four gold-ruledcolumns, with 'Unvan, apparently in the17th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

I. The Divan of Vahshi. containing—Ka-sldahs, fol. 2 b. Ghazals in alphabeticalorder, fol. 18 b. Tarji's, fol. 57 a. Bubu'is,fol. 60 b.

Be &- j^jn j } u 1^ .J r 16^ ^ ^

II. Parhad u ShJrin, fol. 61 b. See p. 663,art. iii.

Poll. 81 and 82 contain some Ghazals ofHaji Muhammad Jan Kudsi.

On the first page is the seal of GhairatKhan, an Amir of the court of Parrukhsiyar.

Add. 24,344.Poll. 49; 6 in. by 3^; 10 oblique lines in

each page; written in minute Shafi'ai cha-

POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000. 005

racter on one side only of the paper, and fold¬ing up in the manner of Oriental albums;dated Muharram, A.H. 1174 (A.D. 1760).

Farhad u Shirin; see p. 663, art. iii.

Add. 7787.Poll. 26; 9| in. by 6£; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Naskhi, with two 'ITnvansand ruled margins; dated Zulhijjah, A.H.994 (A.D. 1586). [CI. J. Rich.]

oUy:iA poetical account of the taking of Tabriz

by 'Ugman Pasha (A.H. 993; see Malcolm,History of Persia, vol. i. p. 520, and Ham¬mer, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches,vol. iv. p. 170), with a dedication in prose toSultan Murad B. Salim.

Author: Jamfdl B. Hasan Shushtari,tjj^y* tr*" & J^r

Beg. jl^i j J-;._! *UjJ£j*i\ J\ (jSjLiylji &Jm\> t£

The author relates in the prologue how,having set sail from Baghdad on a tradingexpedition, he was shipwrecked and left des¬titute on a foreign shore, and how he wasadvised by Firdusi in a dream to addressthis Shahniimah to the Sultan. The time ofcomposition, A.H. 994, is expressed by thechronogram £j <jf j> The poem,which is evidently written by a man ofinferior literary attainments, concludes withpraises of the Sultan and Vazirs, and with anurgent appeal to their liberality.

An ornamental inscription, foil. 3 and 4,shows that the present copy was intendedfor presentation to the Sultan.

Add. 7789.Foil. 250; 9 in. by 5f; 13 lines, 2J in.

long, with 22 lines in the margin; written infair Shikastak-amiz; dated Ramazan, A.H.1207 (A.D. 1793). [01. J. Rich.]

VOL. II.

pjtSs? ujjjjpThe Divan of Muhtasham, with a preface

by Taki ud-Din Muhammad ul-Husaini.

Beg. of the Preface :JJ.Ui \ j \^ aJ ^.j\j j *f <j'u$ j

Beg. of the Divan :

jjo jSt" j*P

V«a... ■> ij^j j\ uy*» £|j >*-^.Maulana, Muhtasham lived in his native

place, Kashan, in the reigns of Shiih Ismailand Shah Tahmasp, and was looked upon,during the latter period, as the most eminentpoet of Persia. His Marsiyah on the deathof Imam Husain is much admired and hasremained extremely popular. He died A.H.996, a date fixed in the Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 415, by the chronogram ^. See'Alam-arai, fol. 47, Haft Iklim, fol. 388, TakiKashi (who was a pupil of Muhtasham),Oude Catalogue, p. 23, and Sprenger, ib.p. 500.

The writer of the Preface, who is betterknown as Taki ud-Din Kashi (see the OudeCatalogue, p. 13), states that Muhtashamhad, during the illness to which he suc¬cumbed, A.H. 996, sent for him, and re¬quested him to collect and arrange hispoetical works. He then dwells on theunsurpassed merit of Muhtasham, whom heranks first after Khakani, and gives a numberof poems in his praise, and chronogramson his death, written by several contem¬poraries. In conclusion the editor statesthat, according to the poet's directions, thecollected poems, oU^ had been arrangedin the following seven Divans :—1. Shaibiy-yah *x^Ji>, containing Kasldahs in praise ofGod, Muhammad, the Imams, contemporarykings, vazirs, amirs, and men of letters.2. Shababiyyah, woUi, and 3. Siba'iyyah,ajjLws, containing Ghazals descriptive ofbeauty. 4. Jalaliyyah, <u)iU, and 5. Nakli

H H

666 POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000.

'Ushshak, jij, containing Ghazals de¬scriptive of love and of the poet's beloved.6. Zururiyyat, OWê, comprising versifiedchronograms, written at the request of hisfriends. 7. Mu'ammayat, O^, or riddles.

The contents of the volume, which do nottally with the above division, are as follows :—

Kasidahs and Tarkib-bands, ninety-sevenin number, to which is prefixed a table of theirbeginnings, fob 6 b. Mukattaat, and shortMagnavis, fol. 106 a. Ghazals, not alpha¬betically arranged, fol. 122 b.

Beg. c«Jj> fti^y* âiliA^Ruba'is, fol. 142 a.Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol. 148 b.

Beg. J*- ^ $ j*^ J>3^This is the usual beginning of the Divan,

probably the Shababiyyah. See the OudeCatalogue, p. 500, and the Vienna Catalogue,vol. i. p. 591.

Another series of Ghazals alphabeticallyarranged, fol. 203 b.

Beg. (jJjji- \j» ClyCji

These are, no doubt, the Sibaiyyah oryouthful poems, as may be inferred from thelast line :

eô> ^.b 13' Jîô y?) ^ tfdjj

fjjyc] \j fL'is? Ôtf iM> <£ f\

Or. 314.Foil. 61; 9 in. by 6 ; 15 lines, 2>\ in. long;

written in Shikastah ; dated Zulka'dah, the11th year of Muhammad Shah, i.e. A.H. 1141(A.D. 1729). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

J** u>!^The Divan of Maili.

Beg. L* «JU *x+S ^W: Û tOVf &y*r* i&J !p *6

Mail! Haravi, or of Herat, whose originalname was Mirza. Kuli, belonged to the Turk¬ish tribe of Jalair. He found a protectorin Sultan Ibrahim Mirza, son of BahramMirza, who held a high office at the Court ofhis uncle Shah Tahmasp. After the deathof his patron he went to India. This tookplace, according to the Nafais ul-Ma'agir,Oude Catalogue, p. 54, in A.H. 979. TakiKashi, ib., p. 43, gives a later date, A.H. 983,and adds the erroneous statement that Mailidied on the road. In India he attachedhimself to Naurang Khan, with whom hestayed many years, and by whose order hewas eventually poisoned in Malvah. SeeRiyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 436, Tabakat i Akbari,fol. 287, Badaoni, vol. iii. p. 329, and Bloch-mann, Ain i Akbari, p. 571. According tothe Atashkadah, fol. 11, Maili was born andhad grown up in Mashhad.

The above mentioned Sayyid NaurangKhan was the son of Kutb ud-Din Khan, anAmir of Akbar's reign. He served withdistinction in the war against Muzaffar Shahof Gujrat, A.H. 991, and received as a rowarda Jagir in Malvah, and subsequently in Guj¬rat, where he died in the 39th year of Akbar(A.H. 1002—3). See Tazkirat ul-Umarfi,fol. 201, and Maasir ul-Umara, fol. 411.The death of Maili, the date of which isnot recorded, happened probably some timebefore A.H. 1000.

Contents: Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 2 b. Ruba'is, fol. 59 b. Kasidahs, foil.2 b —36 a, in the margins. One of these isaddressed to Akbar, and two others toNaurang Khan.

Copies are mentioned in the Oude Cata¬logue, p. 497, and in Bibliotheca Sprenger.,No. 1461.

The MS. was written, according to thesubscription, for Mir Sharaf ud-Din 'Ali,poetically surnamed Payam, a poet of thereign of Muhammad Shah (see the OudeCatalogue, p. 276).

POETRY.—900—1000. 667


long; written in Nestalik, with 'TJnvans andgold-ruled margins ; dated A.II. 1060 (A.D.1649). [Wm. Yule.]

j Jj* £j>\&The collected works of 'Urfi Shirsizi.'Urfi, of ShTraz, one of the most popular

poets of his time, went in early life fromhis native city to the Deccan, from whencehe proceeded to Fathpur Sikri, then theresidence of Akbar. There he won thefavour and protection of Hakim Masih ud-Din Abul-Fath Gllanl (see Blochmann, Ami Akbari, p. 424), and, after his death inA.H. 997, attached himself to the Khan-khanan Mirza *Abd ur-Rahim Khan (ib.,p. 334). He followed the latter in his expedi¬tion against Jam Beg of Tattah in A.H. 999,but was carried off by dysentery, some sayby poison, in Lahore in the same year, at theearly age of thirty-six years. His contem¬porary Badaoni, vol. ii. p. 285, and vol. hi.p. 285, gives the chronogram tdJ,* si\y>- <jje.t^j-i. for his death. The same date is givenin the Mir at ul-'Alam, fol. 487, Mir'at ul-Khayal, fol. 60, and Riyfiz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 302.See also Haft Iklim, fol. 107, Atashkadah,fol. 131, Haft Asman, p. Ill, Hammer,Redekunste, p. 304, Osmanische Dichtkunst,vol. iv. p. 501, Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,p. 528, and Blochmann, Ain i Akbari, p. 569.

Contents,

I. Fol. 1 b. Ghazals in alphabetical order.

Beg. J>&ib y nLjr-j C*J.Jj «i <j\*sj\J»\ ijlij* y Jj

II. Fol. 99 b. Kasldahs, not alphabeticallyarranged.

Beg- «Si-U^ j\jb jii £u ^\The Kasldahs of 'Urfi have been edited,

with a commentary, Calcutta, A.H. 1254.

III. Fol. 174 b. a Masnavl inimitation of the Makhzan ul-Asrar. SeeHaj. Khal., vol. v. p. 389, Haft Asman, p.Ill, and Krafft's Catalogue, p. 69.

Beg. ftfj-^ tir**J\ ^ (**-!?

tiiiS j£, j Ll>,-';,~.j^ ^j*

IV. Fol. 206 a. ^j^> j *\*J, the love-story of Farhad and Shlrln, in the metre ofNizami's Khusrau u Shirin.

Beg. c^Joj" j^yx> ^j3jU»-

V. Fol. 217 b. A Tarji' in praise of Masihud-Din Abulfath.

Beg. LAt*j j cj)T c^JVI. Fol. 221 b. Mukattaat.

Beg. ^jd^ji \J> <ja~a£. j\ »f Jii

VII. Fol. 232 b. Rubrics.

VIII. Fol. 252 6. A collection of prosepieces.

The first of these is a letter written by'Urfi during an illness, in which he describeshis state of mind in presence of death.Further on are some discourses on moraland religious subjects, a preface to a lal-Namah compiled for Akbar, a letter to aphysician (Masih ud-Dm) on his recovery, etc.

On the first page is found the stamp ofTiket Riie, the Oude Minister, with an 'Arz-didah dated A.H. 1206.

Copies of the Kulliyat, or of portions ofthem, are noticed in Stewart's Catalogue,p. 72, the Oude Catalogue, p. 528, the ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 592, and the MunichCatalogue, p. 36.

Add. 7791.Foil. 206; 9| in. by 4|; 21 lines, 2| in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

A similar collection, containing—Majma*ul-Abkar, fol. 1 b. Farhad u Shirin, fol.

H H 2

(>68 POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000.

35 b. Kasidahs, fol. 45 b. Mukatta'at,fol. 98 a. Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 105 b. Rubais, fol. 194 b. The lasttwo sections are slightly imperfect at theend.

Add. 7792.Foil. 140 ; 8J in. by 5; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins; dated Zulka'dah, A.H. 1048 (A.D.1639). [CI. J. Rich.]

A similar collection, containing—I. Pol. 1 b. Kasidahs in alphabetical

order.

Beg. ]) <— fyî* *J> JV^\j _j $ jlSJ iSjyi C***

II. Pol. 33 a. Mukatta'at, imperfect atthe end.

III. Pol. 37 a. Ghazals in alphabeticalorder. The first two letters and a portionof the third are wanting.

IV. Pol. 113 b. The first portion of Majma'ul-Abkar, about a third of the whole.

V. Pol. 127 a. A long Tarji', in whichthe poet addresses his beloved.

Beg. uS>- j «s» j\ Jj> yur£ fc5-* J <*\ ^

The burthen is:

UiJljOj J>fe<\>« ') QmjS

IJÔUi- j w *

VI. Poll. 131 b— 140 a. Rubais.

Egerton 1035.Poll. 82; 9 in. by 5^; 17 lines, 3| in. long;

written in Nestalik, apparently in India inthe 18th century.

The Kasidahs of 'UrfI, followed by Mukat¬ta'at, fol. 75 a.

. Egerton 1034.Poll. 104 ; ty in. by 6; 15 lines, 4 in.

long; written in a cursive Indian character;dated Zulhijjah, the 22nd year of MuhammadShah, A.H. 1152 (A.D. 1740).

The Kasidahs of 'Urf i, not alphabeticallyarranged.

Poll. 2—9,100—104, contain miscellaneouspoetical extracts, the largest of which is aSufi Masnavi by Shah Abu 'AH Kalandar(died A.H. 724, Oude Catalogue, p. 565),headed iy»> db\ {j»&> j&$s ^Js- g »U> i_Jyi» âJLw,foil. 3—9, beginning:

p-i $U \i /> U», yj\

It has been printed in Cawnpore, 1872.

Or. 365.Poll. 172; 8i in. by 5; 17 lines, 3J in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century; from the royal libraryof Lucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

olS3 ^Xti.*A commentary on some Kasidahs of 'Urfi,

by Mirza Jan, U W

R e g- itf?* j jJaj

It contains, as stated in the preface, a fullexplanation of difficult verses and rare wordsin thirty select Kasidahs of 'Urfi's Divan.The date of composition, A.H. 1073, is ex¬pressed by the chronogram «JJ>.La»See the Oude Catalogue, p. 530.

Harleian 343.

Poll. 107; 7 in. by 3£; 17 lines, 2 in. long;written in cursive Indian Nestalik; datedSha'ban, A.H. 1013 (A.D. 1604) ; muchworm-eaten.

POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000. 669

iXx>»!xM _\-i.-o"J r"

A Masnavl poem, containing precepts onspiritual life.

Beg. \jj c^9-U- y J*ii j\ b*> Îjj (jjT^ ,jLj. p U

Tho poem is preceded by the followingshort prose preamble, in which some wordsare obliterated :

^ i_ft-**i!\ Jî . . Ûil l-j,

^>jS^ KjLj \}} j> A\ t>\j----JfydikflJyj tyjJj^l ...... <j31

ÛLi^j I^ +wjj LjLj (^^jlxj.**! jiJdu>-yD!

It would seem from the above that thematter of the poem was derived from theMasnavl of Jalal ud-Din RumI, written inthe same metre. It is divided into seventy-eight chapters (Bab), treating chiefly ofthose dispositions and practices which areto be either sought or shunned by the de¬votees ; the precepts are frequently illus¬trated by narratives. Haj. Khal. gives thetitle of the work, without any author's name.

Add. 10,585.Poll. 48 ; 64- in. by 3£; 12 lines, 2 in.

long; written in neat Nestalik; dated Isfahan,Jumada I., A.H. 1031 (A.D. 1622).

s^y ^The Divan of Nuri.

Beg. ii—jT &iU* y JZf t£ ^

tW.T ,jL>- fjjl.ii^ L-SLjOjii ^^SJL

Kazi Nur ud-Din Muhammad, of Isfahan,and his brother Kazi Mu'izz, were, accordingto the Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 467, pupils ofKhwajah Afzal ud-Din Tarikah, of the samecity. The former died A.H. 1000. TakiKashi states, Oude Catalogue, p. 27, that

Nuri was born in Isfahan and brought up inKazvin.

His master, Afzal ud-Din, who settled inKazvin A.H. 967, and was much in favourwith Shah Tahmasp and Shah Isma'il II.,was appointed, after the latter's death, Kaziof Isfahan. He died in Rai in the reign ofShah Abbas I. See 'Alam-arai, fol. 40, andTaki Kashi, ib.

Some verses of the present Divan arequoted in the Haft Iklim, fol. 370, and theAtashkadah, fol. 86. See also Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, p. 525, where a line is quotedwhich belongs to the second Kasldah of thiscopy.

Contents: Kasldahs, two of which are inpraise of Shah Ismail (A.H. 984—985),while most of the others are addressed to theVazir Muhammad, fol. 1 b. Ghazals inalphabetical order, fol. 22 b.

Beg. VaM tiJUjjL fÂjj ^ pi J\UT dJby £*jf~J>J

Ruba Is, fol. 46 b.A copy of Nun's Divan with a different

beginning is noticed in the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 402.

Or. 1222.Foil. 193; 7 in. by 5£; 14 lines, 3J in.

long; written in Naskhi, apparently in the17th century. [Alex. Jaba.J

The ShI'ah legend of All's life, a poem byParigh, yi.

Beg. uLUU «i\ «iJM rflltilllfi) tjji- j JiU y>

The author, who calls himself Husain B.Hasan, begins with an eulogy on Shah Ab¬bas I., and states that the poem was writtenA.H. 1000, the year in which Gllan, appa¬rently his native country, had been conqueredby that sovereign. He followed a prose nar¬rative composed by a Muhammad B. Ibrahim,whom he calls his loving friend and brother:

670 POETRY.—A.H. 900—1000.

j»A«» i_a.UI ±+s?fi&\j>\jX> v & «^

â^ - »jL-s?" i-l^—fc

u * jdj ) c^**The poem has the heading u-jUS". See

the Oude Catalogue, p. 397. The presenteopy is imperfect at the end. The last sec¬tion relates to 'Ali's expedition in succour ofthe king Saif B. Arkuvan, threatened by anarmy of lions.

Add. 7794.Poll. 381; 9£ in. by 5£; 15 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with three 'Unvrinsand gold-ruled margins; dated RabI I., A.H.1050 (A.D. 1640). [01. J. Rich.]

ijH^s tdi&sThe Divan of Faizi, with a preface by the

author.Faizi died A.H. 1004. See above, p.

450 a, Hammer, Redekiinste, p. 400, Ouseley,Notices, p. 174, and Haft Asman, pp. 115—126.

The author relates in his preface how hewas called by Akbar to Court, appointedtutor to the prince, and subsequently receivedthe rank of Amir and the title of Malik ush-Shu'ara. He adds that the present Divan,containing about nine thousand distichs, wasbut a sample of his poetical compositions.

As the Divan contains a chronogram onthe death of Shaikh Mubarak, the author'sfather, in A.H. 1001, it cannot have beencollected much before the poet's own death,which took place three years later.

Contents: The author's preface, fol. 1 b,beginning:

£±i jhJJb Jjl fi*J\ v**J\ A\Kasidahs, Margiyahs, and Tarkibs, fol. 4 b,beginning:

\i£ ^&>\ \>. J3^\ J}\ b

Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol. 112 b, beg.:U i_>5 w JiJJ^ &ilL~*

Kit'ahs, fol. 274 b. This section includes aGhazal which can be read in four differentmeasures, and some pieces consisting entirelyof words without diacritical points. Chrono¬grams, fol. 289 b. Unfinished Ghazals, fol.293 a. Initial verses, fol. 296 b. Riddles,fol. 302 a. Rubais, fol. 313 a. A shortMasnavi, fol. 380 b.

Copyist: cFjlw^ a3J> c^.lis- ^ Ji*»-

Add. 23,981.Foil. 346; 7£ in. by 4; 17 lines, If in.

long; written in a cursive hand, with four'Unvans and gold-ruled margins, probably inthe 17th century.

The poetical works of Faizi, viz.:—I. Fol. 2 b. Ghazals in alphabetical order.Beg. eîua^ »<i^ {J^j

0 *>>\i£j \j (^yjlli. IjiJji-

II. Fol. 106 b. ^*S>, "Nal-Daman," aMasnavi, founded on the episode of Nala andDamayanti in the Mahabharata:

Beg. j£Tj y tfjj j ii!3 ^\_ > jîb Jaj Ûu&

The poem, which is dedicated to Akbar, isstated in the conclusion to consist of fourthousand distichs, and to have been writtenin the 39th year of the reign, or A.H. 1003 :

ji.U. J\ 3 ^^— t—N ilii—s? q\3

jlvS» <-Jf- JU yfr

j£> «m> j *_n3\

The author mentions in the same passagethe change of his Takhallus from Faizi toFayyiizi:

POETRY.—A.II. 900—1000. 071

*ji W* - ^ *^ " V%ye -

--? U-* f»J

jjilS,* ^3^*^ pj«*> t).?*^

(_>ol_*__»i3 *-*^ ^ J^*^The Nal Daman is, according to the Akbar

Niimah, the third poem of the Khamsah,which Paizi had planned A.M. 993, but didnot live to carry out. It was to consist ofthe following poems: Markaz i Adv£ir, Sulai-man u B alius, Nal Daman, Haft Kishvar, andAkbar Namah. The Nal Daman was com¬pleted, by Akbar's desire, in the space of fourmonths, A.H. 1003. See also Badaoni, vol. ii.p. 396. It has been printed in Calcutta,1831, and Lucknow, 1846. Copies are men¬tioned in Stewart's Catalogue, p. 75, OudeCatalogue, p. 402, Munich Catalogue, p. 38,and Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 42.

III. Pol. 230 b. j^j>j«, "The centre ofcircles," a MasnavT, in imitation of Nizanii'sMakhzan ul-Asrar.

Beg. f- u^J^ ^jCjj' p-JL Jj\ g£

This poem, the title of which is found inthe following line, fol. 248 a,

A Lr**r——* \J} ^\J>

was the first of the above-mentioned Kham¬sah, and was composed by Paizi in hisfortieth year, as appears from the followingpassage, fol. 272 a :

J} b *6 (jiijO ^

J>* £i j ] *J* U*~*J3*c^lb JV j ji **U wir** Jr-

o—ib JU ^ Jl/ JS&See the Leyden Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 122,and the Oude Catalogue, p. 401.

IV. Mukatta'at, fol. 273 b. Ruba is, fol.285 a.

V. Pol. 305 b. Kasidahs. This section

is imperfect in the beginning and differs inits arrangement from the corresponding por¬tion of Add. 7794. It begins in the middleof a long Kasidah, the first line of which is:

^'j' Jo.y j£*

(see Add. 7794, fol. 35 a), and ends with theKasidah beginning:

£/j(see Add. 7794, fol. 23 b).

Copyist: J}u ±x~>

Add. 7795.Poll. 64; 8£ in. by 5; 15 lines, 2\ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled columns, in the 17th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]Markaz i Advar ; see the preceding MS.,

art. iii.

Add.6625.Poll. 95; 9J in. by 5^; 26 lines, so dis¬

posed as to form the design of a star in eachpage; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvau,gold-ruled margins, and 29 miniatures in theIndian style; dated Agrah, Sha'ban, A.II.1028 (A.D. 1619). [J. P. Huxx.J

Nal Daman (see p. 670, art. ii.).

Copyist: (Juj-o i^r->.J* ^


long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedJumada II., A.H. 1176 (A.D. 1762).

[Wm. Yule. JThe same poem.Copyist: &\ j&j Jfr~*'

Add. 7797.Poll. 51; 7 in. by 4|; 13 lines, 23 in.

672 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

long; written in small Ncstalik ; dated A.II.1040 (A.D. 1630-1). [CI. J. Rich.]

Jr^s iAx*The Divan of Vahshati.

Beg. \j\-+>\ dÛj u-M;jpijuô lî Ci)^3 3 d

The author of the Riyiiz ush-Shu'ara, whoquotes several verses of this Divan, fol. 493,calls the author Maulana Vahshati Jush-ghani (from Jushghan, a place hetween Isfa¬han and Kashan, see Ouseley's Travels,vol. iii. p. 79), and states that he visitedShiraz in A.H. 999, and was an intimatefriend of Abu Turab Beg Eurkati (who diedA.H. 1026; see Siraj, Oude Catalogue,p. 151). The author of the Divan, who ina contemporary note, at the end of this copy,is called Vahshati Kashi, is, no doubt, the"Wahshy Khwajah Hosayn" mentioned byTaki, Oude Catalogue, p. 26, as a poet ofKashan. His Divan contains a satire on acontemporary poet Arshi (Tahmasp KuliBeg, of Yazd), who is also mentioned by Taki,Oude Catalogue, p. 35, as a living poet.

Contents: Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 1 b. This section breaks off before theend of the letter J. Ruba'is and Eardiyyat,fol. 49 a.

At the end is a Kit'ah addressed to a kingnot named, in which the poet says that, inorder to kiss his threshold, he had crossedthe sea and entered the land of the infidels.

Or. 329.Foil. 235; 9 in. by 5|; 10 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, early in the 18thcentury. From the royal library of Luck-now. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

oUbjSelect Ruba'is of Sahabi, in alphabetical

order.

Beg. j»L»_iLj t£=> «JJ\a>- (J, s jl*- j\

Sahabi is described by his contemporaries,Amin Razi, Haft Iklim, fol. 468, Taki Kashi,and 'Ala ud-Daulah Kazvini, Oude Cata¬logue, pp. 42, 50, as a native of Astrabad.But Taki Auhadi, quoted in the Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 213, says that, although hisfamily came from Jurjan, he was born inShushtar. However, he settled at an earlyperiod in Najaf, where he devoted himselfto the self-imposed task of sweeping theholy shrine of Ali. There he spent thelast forty years of his life in seclusion andvoluntary poverty. He is said to have de¬stroyed the greater part of his Ruba'is, hisfavourite composition, of which, however,six thousand are still extant. He died,according to the Khuliisat ul-Afkar, A.H.1010. See also Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 483,Mir'at ul-Khayill, fol. 62, Atashkadah, p. 141.

Several collections of Ruba'is, includingalso Ghazals, are mentioned in the OudeCatalogue, p. 552, and in Bibliotheca Spren-ger., No. 1511.

The present copy bears a seal of the reignof Muhammad Shah, dated A.H. 1133.

Add. 5599.Foil. 395 ; 13| in. by 7; 20 lines, 5 in.

long; written in a cursive Indian character;dated Ramazan, A.H. 1012 (A.D. 1604).

</*i>The Divan of Rafi'i.This poet, who calls himself indifferently

Raff, Rafi' ud-Din, or Rafi'i, is not to beconfounded with a contemporary and betterknown namesake, Mir Haidar Rafi'i of Ka¬shan, who died A.H. 1032 (see Blochmann,A'in i Akbari, p. 593, and Badaoni, vol. iii.p. 232). Writing in an easy, colloquial, andunpolished style, he has not been deemed

POETRY.—A.1I. 1000-1100. 673

worthy of being recorded in the Ta/.kirahs.But the following particulars of his life maybe gleaned from his Divan. He was born inKhorasan A.II. 942 (fol. 370 a), travelledthrough Irak to India (fol. 361 a), andobtained in Dehli, A.II. 982, a financialappointment as Shikdar, and a Jfigir (fol.328 b). Having been arrested on some ques¬tion of accounts, he was released by Akbar'sorder, after seven years of confinement, andserved with distinction in the Deccan wars,A.II. 1007—9. He appears to have settledin the Deccan, where he held a Jagir, in aplace called Damarnl ,Jy>b, district of Bur-hanpur.

A notice on Rafi'i in Ouseley's Notices,pp. 376—382, contains his poetical descrip¬tion of the valley of Kashmir, which hevisited in the suite of Akbar. See also Ouse¬ley's Oriental Collections, vol. i. pp. 171—176.

The Divan was collected A.H. 1010, asstated in the following Rubii'i at the end :

^<«j war £Hi ^S^Mj Jjo! »U»oL_) l^a> j\

c-«!»y j jp- ^ eiU*^so J^*» jt>

It includes, however, some pieces writ¬ten as late as A.H. 1011 (fol. 370 a).

Contents: 1. Fol. 1 b. Ghazals in alpha¬betical order, beginning :

l^Myo j*> y {j^> ^

l^y* Lri^Ty Ja^»- /i> <j52. Fol. 313 a. Kasidahs, beginning:

Jdl_& J-*K t'JL^Z, ^)

^Lc- ^LaiThis section contains poems addressed to

Akbar, to the princes Daniyal and Murad, toAbulfazl, the Khankhanan, and other digni¬taries ; also many personal narratives, de¬scriptions of various places, and poems oncontemporary events.

3. Masnavis, fol. 338 a. Mukatta'at, fol.345 b. Rubais, fol. 372 b.

The Mukattaat include chronograms onthe taking of the fortress of Gitvil (Gawil-gurh), A.H. 1007, and of Asir, A.H. 1009.

Or. 342.Foil. 133; 9 in. by 5f; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Ncstalik ; dated Lucknow,Jumada II, A.H. 1250 (A.D. 1834).


^jJ^J *\&J" Farhad and Shirln," a Masnavi.Author: Kausarl,

Beg. (jS-/lij (.fclji- Jo bjjloi-(jl.j.-j 1^3J x+t> j\ ci*a*?

Mir 'Ak.il, poetically surnamcd Kausari,born of a family of Sayyids in Hamadan, wasknown for his devotion to the Imams, whichwon him the favour of Shah Abbas I. Heprobably did not-long survive the composi¬tion of the present poem, completed A.H.1015 ; for he says in the conclusion, that hewas then bent down by age, and saw his enddraw near. He did not leave any other poem.Tahir Nasirabadi states in his Tazkirah datedA.H. 1083, fol. 120, that he had once metKaugari's son in Isfahan, but had not beenable to procure from him a single line of hisfather. See Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 394, andAtashkadah, fol. 116.

After a panegyric addressed to the reign¬ing Shah, 'Abbas I., the poet complainsbitterly of the slackness of the poeticalmarket in Iran, and declares his intention ofsending his poem to that accomplished andmunificent patron of letters in India, theKhankhanan (Mirzsi Abd ur-Rahim Khan,who died A.H. 1036 ; see p. 244 a), whosepraises had been celebrated by 'Urfi (seep. 667 a).

11

674 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

The date of composition, A.H. 1015, isgiven tit the end, in the following chrono¬gram :

CJ>\-x->\u ->) gJ~-J ^s-J

jMt-J.ia Z} -> } u> j-ifJ

i\j Ûo ^ •) pUfcl ^\ ô\a lÂ^- (srltf» *j>-

Copyist: £&\ ^j>\ ^ ^ ^

Or. 325.Foil. 31; 9 in. by b\ ; 15 lines, 3$ in. long;

written in Shikastah-amiz; dated Haidar-abad, Zulka'dab, A.H. 1064 (A.D. 1654).From the Lucknow library.

[Geo. ¥m. Hamilton.]

Poetical works of Nau'i, ^ty oLK

Beg. ^ Xi ju» 9±25 t_J j â-lfr ^tib JMuhammad Riza Nau'I, of Khabushan,

near Mashhad, went to India in the time ofAkbar, and found a patron in Mirza YusufKhan Mashhadi, but soon after entered theservice of the Khankhaniin Mirza 'Abd ur-Rahim, and stayed with him and PrinceDaniyal at Burbiinpur, where he died A.H.1019. See Eiyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 468, Ba-daoni, vol. iii. p. 361, Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol.494, and Khulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 294. Afull account of NauYs life will be found inOuseley's Notices, pp. 161—166; see alsoSprenger, Oudc Catalogue, p. 516, and Blocb-mann, Ain i Akbari, p. 606.

Contents: Kasidahs, fol. 2 b. Tarji' andTarkib-bands, fol. 20 a. Mukatta'at, fol. 36 a.Gbazals in alphabetical order, fol. 37 b.Ruba'is, fol. 92 b. Saki Namah, a Masnaviin praise of the Khankhanan, fol. 99 b,beginning:

\^\^ jJJS, y iiljj \+^& j£ t/y

Suz u Gudaz, j\*S 3 \y>, the story of aHindu princess who burned herself on herhvisband's pile, in the reign of Akbar, a

Masnavi dedicated to Prince Daniyal, fol.Ill b, beginning:

it \ p\ ^\It has been printed at the end of the first

volume of the Akbar Namah, Lucknow, 1284.

Add. 7816.Poll. 96; 9£ in. by 5f; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in a cursive Indian character,apparently in the 17th century.

[CI. J. EiCH.l

jj^StTbe Divan of Shapur.

Beg. yttU Jx) ^Yji j<iô Jj>]j lafcj

tjj^s- iSjljj) *i e^jâl>-jKhwajah Shapur, son of Khwajagi Khwa-

jah, of a distinguished family of Teheran,was, according to Tahir Nasirfibadi, fol. 178,a sister's son of the poet Umnridl (died A.H.925; see Tuhfah i Sami), and a first cousinof Amln Razi (see above, p. 335 b, andBlochmann, Ain i Akbari, p. 508). He firstused the Takhallus of Paribi or Karibi, whichhe afterwards exchanged for Shapur. Hetwice went to India, where he enjoyed theprotection of his relative Mirza Ja'far AsafKhan (who was raised to the Khanship A.H.993, and died A.H. 1021; Tazkirat ul-Umara,and Blochmann, Ain i Akbari, p. 411), andof Sultan Salim (JahangTr). Taki Kashistates, Oude Catalogue, p. 42, that Shapur wasengaged in A.H. 966 in imitating the Divanof Fighani. See Haft Iklim, fol. 454, Riyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 235, Atashkadah, fol. 94,and Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 564.

Contents: Gbazals in alphabetical order,fol. 1 b, wanting the latter part from thebeginning of the letter w . Ruba'is, fol. 86 a.

Or. 286.Poll. 136; 11 in. by 3£; 19 lines, 2£ in.

POETRY.—A.

The Divan of Sanjar.Be o- \ J* " «>• ^Mir Muhammad Hashim, poetically sur-

named Sanjar, was the son of Mir RafT ud-Din Haidar, of Kashan, a poet who has beenmentioned p. 672 b, to whom he was, in theopinion of Ainin RfizI, fol. 390, far superiorin poetical talent. He went to India, ac¬cording to Maa§ir i Rahimi, Blochmann'sAin i Akbari, p. 595, in A. II. 1000, was im¬prisoned by Akbar for some offence, to whichhe alludes in the present Divan, fol. 101, and,after his release, repaired to Ibrahim 'AdilShah in Bijapur, where he died A.II. 1021.See also the Oude Catalogue, pp. 150, 571,Riyaz ush-Shuara, fol. 218, and Atashkadah,fol. 109.

Contents: Ghazals alphabetically arranged,fol. 2 b. Kasidahs, fol. 76 b. Kit/ahs, fol.105 a. Masnavls, fol. 117 b.

Of the Kasidahs several addressed toAkbar, to Ibrahim l Adil Shah, and to MirzaJani Beg, ruler of Tattah, with whom thepoet appears to have stayed some time.

Add. 24,088.Foil. 190; 9 in. by 5^; 14 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Ncstalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins, apparently in the 17thcentury. [William H. Morley.]

i&W JiLaila and Majnun, a Masnavi, with a prose

preface.Author: Ruh ul-Amin, ^Beg. ^ j\J* u^ <j\

jI_pTj J& ^U*J f UlThis poet, no record of whom has been found,

appears from passages of his works to havebeen aSayyid born in Isfahan, wbo held a highoffice at the court of the Kutubshahs in theDeccan. The present poem is dedicated to

II. 1000—1100. 675

Sultan Muhammad Kuli Kutubshah, whoreigned from A.H. 988 to 1020. The authorrefers in the prologue, fol. 20, to two previouscompositions, one treating of the loves ofParviz, the other entitled Matmah, as thefirst two poems of his Khamsah, the presentbeing the third. He bestows upon himself,both in that passage and in the epilogue, themost extravagant praises, which he puts inthe mouth of his great master Nizami, whilehe speaks in very slighting terms of earlierMasnavi writers, as the latest of whom henames Jam!, Hatifi, and MaktabT. The last,a contemporary of AhlT Shlrazi, lived in thefirst half of the tenth century of the Hijrah;see the Oude Catalogue, p. 38.

In the prologue of the Asman Hashtum(see below, Add. 25,903) the author statesthat he had written the Laila Majnun inthe space of seven months.

Ruh ul-Amin was, according to AmalSalih, fol. 697, the takhallus of Mir Jumlah,*. e. Mir Muhammad Amin, a Sayyid ofIsfahan, who went A.H. 1010 to the Deccan,and was, during the reign of MuhammadKuli Kutubshah, the virtual head of thestate of Golconda. He entered, A.H. 1027,the service of Jahangir, and held high officesat the Delhi court until his death, A.H. 1047.See Maiigir ul-Umara, fol. 483, and Hadikatul-'Alam, vol. i. p. 243. His poetical worksamounted, according to Tahir Nasirabadi,fol. 52, to 20,000 lines.

Add. 6617.Poll. 164; 7£ in. by 4; 12 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins ; apparently in the 17thcentury. [J. P. Hull. J

Another, somewhat shorter, recension ofthe same poem.

Beg. jUil j d!S>jZ> i/jlfP' jj.~> t±Z> y j\ lilli-

Ji 2

676 POETRY.—A.II. 1000-1100.

Add. 25,903.Poll. 148; 8J in. by 4&; 12 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with MJnvan andgold-ruled margins ; dated Rajab, A.H. 1024(A.D. 1615).

r'

^sJJt>

A poem in imitation of Nizami's Haft Paikarand on the same subject, by the above poet.

Beg. J* ^>J\ ^ J\J^i»\j yfcjj^ <J}

This poem, the fourth of the author'sintended Khamsah, was written for Muham¬mad Kuli Kutubshah, whose panegyricoccupies a great part of the prologue, foil.22 b —28 a\ but we learn from the conclu¬sion, fol. 144 b, that, the king having diedduring its composition (A.II. 1020), it wasdedicated to his successor, Sultan-Muham¬mad Kutubshah. The date of completion,A.II. 1021, is conveyed in the followingline, fol. 147 b :

jlrti waP '-^ '—**** J*j]P^ J*^ e^-i.^

The above title is found in the epilogue,fol. 139:

<j.ib ju> ^\ jvi)

|J- > ^**U I ^Ji"«

Another title, with the same meaning,£ }Ti!\ liUi, is found in the illuminatedheading at the beginning.

Or. 284.Poll. 185; 8i in. by 5£; 14 lines, 3± in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins, apparently in the 17thcentury. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

jl> (jlj—)jTThe Divan of Ruh ul-Amln.

Be s- l « £r> y &> j u^jj «/l< (^la- ij^*titXs£»- j3 CJjiii'jyj^

In a prose preface, of which only a frag¬ment is extant, fol. 18, the author states thatthis Divan, entitled Gulistiin i Naz, containsfive thousand distichs, and consists of Ghazalswritten in early life.

Add. 7799.Poll. 290; 10| in. by 6f; 19 lines, 4 in.

long ; written in Nestalik, with two 'Unvansand gold-ruled margins; dated Jumada I.,A.H. 1044 (A.D. 1634). [CI. J. Rich.]

J>U>The Divan of Shani.

Beg. aailjo^ jb' uiSj _y &^**» ij\

»ls-\±>\ jli j»b j& \j i>j.»s? u ^Mauhlna Shani, whose original name was

Nasaf Akii, belonged to the Turkish tribe ofTaklu, and was born in Teheran. He wasthe favourite poet of Shah 'Abbas I. It isstated in the 'Alam-arai, quoted in the Zinatut-Tavarikh, fol. 651, and the Pava'id Safa-viyyah, fol. 26, that the Shah was so delightedwith a Kasidah in praise of 'Ali, whichShani recited before him, that he ordered thepoet to be weighed and to receive his weightin gold for his reward. This incident tookplace in the ninth year of the reign (A.H.1004-5). Shani spent the last years of hislife in Mashbad, where he died, according toSiraj, Oude Catalogue, p. 150, the Khuliisatul-Afkar, fol. 147, and Haft Asman, p. 132,A.H. 1023, a date fixed by the chronogramyi" See also Riyfiz ush-Shu'ara, fol.234, Atashkadah, fol. 8, and the Oude Cata¬logue, pp. 42, 112, 564.

Contents : Kasidahs in praise of the Imams,of Shah 'Abbas, and some personages of hisCourt, fol. 16. A Magnavi in praise of theImams, fol. 112 a, beginning:

j»—^ tir»°"j—^ »X—31 |»->~jj,*—} j ii,_w«\ i*V )\ &s fc ^_*

POETRY.—A. H. 1000—1100.

Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol. 129 b,beginning:

l> j y s * ,>Kit/ahs and Rubais, fol. 288 a.

Copyist: J>liy 1+.J\ ^^C^li

Or. 1301,Poll. 251; 8 in. by 4£; 14 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, in two gold-ruledcolumns, apparently in the 17th century.

The same Divan, imperfect at the begin¬ning.

Or, 350.Poll. 239; 8£ in. by 4£; 15 lines, 2| in.


jb\ j Zj+s*

The story of Sultan Mahmud and hisfavourite Ayaz, a MasnavT.

Author: Zulali, J^j.Beg. j\>\ oSol Jh

• p{^M)\j\x> J JU djl^

Maulanii Zulali, of Khwansar, 'Irak, livedin the reign of 'Abbas I., and was one of thepanegyrists of the influential Sayyid, MirMuhammad Bakir Damad. He is chieflyknown by seven Masnavis, the most popularof which is the present poem.

It was commenced, as stated by the authorin the epilogue, in A.II. 1001,

(J,*^ JJ*"**° (^3 Û&inttljli

Ûaj jland finished A.H. 1024. The latter date isfixed by the following chronogram :

4>_j«s? ^j>\Zulali appears to have died shortly after;

for we are told by Tahir Nasirabadi inhis Tazkirah, fol. 373, that he left thepoem unarranged, and that it was put intoorder by Shaikh 'Abd ul-Husain B. Shaikh

677

'Ali Naki Kamra'i in India. Mirzii Tughra, ofMashhad, wrote a preface to it.

Notices on Zulali will be found in Haft Ik-lim, fol. 395, Mir'at ul-Khayal, fol. 53, Riyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 197, Atashkadah, fol. 91,and Haft Asman, p. 140. See also the OudeCatalogue, pp. 41, 90.

The prologue contains eulogies on Shah'Abbas, the Vazir Mirza Habib Ullah, andthe author's patron, Mir Bakir Damad, atwhose request, we are told, the poem waswritten.

Poll. 1—18 have been supplied by amodern hand.

The Mahmud u Ayaz has been litho¬graphed in the press of Navalkishor. Theseven Masnavis of Zulali are mentioned inStewart's Catalogue, p. 57, and more fullydescribed by Dr. Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,p. 593.

Add. 16,797.Poll. 282; 8 in. by 4j} 13 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Rabi' I.,the third year of Parrukhsiyar= A.II. 1126(A.D. 1714). [Wm. Ytjle.J

The same poem, with a preface by theauthor.

In the preface Zulali compares his sevenMasnavis with the seven planets, Sab' Say-yarah, and enumerates them in the followingorder: l.j^y^ ^~>- . 2.Ûj»s . 3. *i4. ^--mj^- _j Sji. 5. jAiûi j I • 6. »«U .J<-»-L».7.jW 5 ^,s?.

Another short prose preamble, also byZulFili, is prefixed to the poem.

Add. 18,678.Poll. 38; 6 in. by 4£; 14 lines, 2 in. long,

with 16 lines in the margin; written in Shi-kastah-amiz; dated Shavval, A.H. 1222(A.D. 1807).

The first half of the same poem, corres¬ponding to foil. 1—125 of Or. 350.

678 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

Add. 18,807.Foil. 291; 9£ in. by 5; 15 lines, 2§ in.


Three Maguavis by the same.

I. Fol. 1 b. Mahmud u Ayiiz; see above.

II. Fol. 241 b. <ol***, the " Tavern," witha short prose preamble by the author.

Beg. tjte? wju* ia\> j\ Jo

&31*a; \S*~jb »S/j» ^fco

III. Fol. 275 b. j y, "The Mothand the Sun," with a prose preface by Zulali.

Beg. dJ'jV i_r*^? *J (»**^JJLm>;^9- ^j>j J*) 1?" \)\)

Add. 16,792.Foil. 179; 10J in. by 6; 23 lines, 3 in.

long; with 18 lines in the margin; writtenin Nestalik, with 'Unvan and gold-ruled mar¬gins; dated Ramazun, A.H. 1194 (A.D. 1780).

[Wm. Yule.]

^jy^ u!^

The Divan of Zuhuri.

Beg. lo ^y>* LT^J Mb)y- f£j>\

l_* LjjlXiT (jiAoj

Zuhuri, whose proper name was Nur ud-Din Muhammad, was a native of Turshiz,Khorasan. His contemporary Taki Kashi,Oude Catalogue, p. 44, states that he wentat an early age to Yazd, from whence heproceeded, A.H. 988, to India, and settled inBijapur. There he became the intimatefriend of another poet, Malik Kummi (seeOude Catalogue, pp.30,151), whose daughterhe married. Both stood in high favour withIbrahim 'Adilshah (A.H. 988-1037), whorewarded them, according to the Futuhat'Adilshahi, fol. 301, for the Gulistiin i Khalll,

their joint production, witli a present of9000 gold pieces. Both were killed in anaffray A.H. 1024 or 1025. See Badaoni,vol. iii. p. 281, Mir at ul-'Alam, fol. 486,Mir'at ul-Khayal, fol. 57, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 281, Atashkadah, fol. 36, and the OudeCatalogue, pp. 112, 125, 151.

Zuhuri's compositions in prose and verse,which are much admired in India, are littleknown in Persia. A notice on the authorand some of his works, written by Abd ur-Razzfik Surati, A.H. 1212, and entitledMukaddimat Zuhuri, has been lithographedin Cawnpore, 1873.

The Kulliyiit, or poetical works of Zuhuri,consist of a Said Namah, dedicated to BurhanNizamshah, another Masnavi, and the Divan.See Stewart's Catalogue, p. 68, and the OudeCatalogue, p. 580.

Contents of the Divan: Ghazals in alpha¬betical order, fol. 1 b. Ruba'Is, fol. 143 b.

Copyist: ej^s? ^On the first page is the stamp of the Oude

Minister, Tiket Rai, with an'Arz Didah datedA.H. 1203.

Or. 294.Foil. 183 ; 9£ in. by 6|; 16 lines, 4 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedRajab, A.H. 1241 (A.D. 1826).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]The same Divan, containing — Ghazals,

fol. 2a; Kit/ahs, fol. 178 a; Rubais, fol. 178 b.

Add. 26,167.Foil. 140; 7i in. by 4; 15 lines, 2\ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Zulhijjah,A.H. 1092 (A.D. 1681). [Wm. Erskine.J

&*l!> (_5-J^*

Saki-Namah, a poem in praise of BurhanNizam Shah, and the Court of Ahmadnagar,by Zuhuri.

POBTKY.—A.H. 1000—1100. 679

Beg. \j uDb ty\ ^Sa* U3pVb »■> [>J

This poem, which is stated at the end toconsist of 4500 distichs, was written shortlyafter the accession of Burhan, who reignedfrom A.H. 999 to 1003.

The Said Namah is mentioned by Firish-tah, vol. ii. p. 307. It has been lithographedin Lucknow, 1849.

Or. 338.Foil. 201; 11 in. by 4£; 12 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in Shikastah-amlz, with gold-ruled margins, and eleven miniatures inIndian style; dated A.H. 1096 (A.D. 1685).From the royal library of Lucknow.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]The same poem, with a different beginning:

\j <JJb ay} «^s> UtUoFive leaves at the beginning, and a few in

the body of the volume, have been suppliedby a later hand.

Add. 18,419.Foil. 17; 1% in. by 4£; 12 lines, 3± in.

long; written in a cursive Indian character;dated Lucknow, Bamazan, A.H. 1205 (A.D.1791. [Wm. Yule.]

j oU>

" Bread and Sweets," a Masnavl on asceticlife, by Bahal, i.e. Shaikh Baha ud-Din 'Amill,who died A.H. 1030 (see p. 25 b).

Beg. ^.diiM je- jbUl \$A^\ & j>w VJ

The author states, in a short preamble,that he had written this poem during ajourney to Mecca and his stay there. It hasbeen printed in Constantinople, A.H. 1268.

Copyist: ij>y°fi (J* J*^

Add. 7821.Foil. 35; 7$ in. by 5; 5 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Turkish Naskhi; dated Jumada I.,A.H. 1214 (A.D. 1799). [01. J. Rich.]

The same poem.M

Copyist: ^UA-* ^* uHi) 13

Add. 5630.Foil. 130; 9J in. by 5}; foil. 1—62, 10

lines in three columns, about 20 lines infour columns ; written in Nestalik; datedA.H. 1044 (A.D. 1634).

[Nath. Brassey Halhed.J

^jU)T <_Jll>The Divan of Talib Amuli.

Beg- tf W j/i^bj jtt> j> f>j ai'W &£> j\

Talib, born in Amul, Mazandariin, wascousin *Jl».) to Hakim Rukna (p. 603 a),who composed an elegy on his death. Havingbeen induced by his relative to go to India,he attached himself to Mirza Ghiizi, ruler ofSind (A.H. 1015—20; see Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 125), and afterwards passed intothe service of Jahangir, who conferred uponhim the title of Malik ush-Shu'ara. Hismind, however, became deranged, and hedied still young, A.H. 1035. The date isexpressed in the Mir'iit ul-'Alam, fol. 486, bythe chronogram, <ib v-JUs ^ jjuo <J*jL>-

In the Tabakat i Shahjahani, fol. 321,A.H. 1040 is given as the date of his death.See also Riyiiz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 274, Atash-kadah, fol. 92, Khulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 158,Oude Catalogue, pp. 90, 125, 151, andOuseley, Notices, pp. 176—9.

Contents: Kasidahs in praise of 'All, ofMirza Ghazi, Jahangir, Nur Mahall, Shah'Abbas, Mir Abul-Kasim, Chin Killj Khan,and others, fol. 1 b. Tarji's, fol. 67 b. Ghazalsin alphabetical order, fol. 69 a. Rubais,fol. 127 h.

080 POETRY—A.H. 1000—1100.

Copies are mentioned in the Oude Cata¬logue, p. 575, the Munich Catalogue, p. 38,de Jong's Catalogue of the Academy's library,p. 224, and in the Catalogue of the library ofKing's College, Cambridge, No. 172.

Add. 17,489.Poll. 41; 10 in. by 6 ; 10 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvtln, gold-ruled margins, and eleven miniatures inthe Indian style ; dated Zulhijjah, A.H. 1211(A.D. 1797.

cDjS'A poetical version of the Koka-Sfistra,

a Sanscrit or Hindi work, treating of thevarious temperaments of men and women,and of sexual intercourse.

Author : Muhammad Kuli, poetically sur-named Jam!, ^ j.^?

Beg. (^jA" pxjf

Jli (jiijjiij C^UtflJljt^ if

The translation is dedicated to 'Abd ullahKutubshah, who reigned from A.H. 1035 to1083. It was written, as stated at the endof the prologue, fol. 13 a, in A.H. 1030.The original work, ascribed to the VazirKokii, ^j>, consisted of 34 Babs; the trans¬lator has added two more.

Muhammad Kull was born, according tohis own account, at Haidarabad, one of the" sixty " sons of a Vazir called like himselfMuhammad Kuli.

In the subscription the work is calledLJJI c^3J, a title which does not appear inthe text, and which belongs to an earlierversion of the same work by Ziya NakhshabI;see the Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 15, Ilahi,Oude Catalogue, p. 80, and Pertsch, Zeit-schrift der D. Morg. Gesellschaft, vol. xxi.p. 511.

Hindustani versions of the Koka Sastra

are mentioned by Garcin de Tassy, Hist, dela Litt. Hind., 2nd edition, vol. i. p. 187.See also Aufrecht, Bodleian Catalogue, p. 404.

Add. 6622.Poll. 294; \\\ in. by Of ; 25 lines, 4| in.

long, in a page; written in fair Nestalik infour gold-ruled columns, with five 'Unvans ;dated Rajab, A.H. 1039 (A.D. 1030).

^wd Ja«J ^ *■*_

The Khamsah of Hasan B. Sayyid PathUllah.

This Khamsah consists of five long rhap¬sodies in glorification of Muhammad, of thefirst four Khalifs, and of the author's spiri¬tual guide, Shaikh ul-lslam Shaikh Muham¬mad B. Pazl Ullah ul-Bakri, who had comefrom Medina to India (fol. 234 a), and whois spoken of in the fifth poem as dead(fol. 232 b).

The author boasts of his descent from AmirKhusrau: his mother was a daughter ofHasan B. Piyarah, whose genealogy istraced up to the celebrated poet (fol. 235 a).

The poems, which follow the metres ofNizami's Khamsah, and are designated asthe first, second, third, fourth, and fifthTuhfah <sisS, begin respectively on foil. 1 b,57 b, 119 b, 100 b, and 228 b, as follows:

v* 1*^ &\ f—J

^+£< fj^yi <a£> <\*«? |*-" JW

Uio i\j

liio CJoi \j ^ 3 1

j\jA jJJ\

j\> 3 \\ Ob JiJ

(_.*Ju>- ^1 lila^ao

Ofi-y* t±Z> jji j\ (j&jy

C^*>UiiM ^.jo y L_'^r-

Llw^L-f^ (^>\i- A**?

POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100. 081

The date of each, and the numher of itsverses, are recorded in its epilogue, andrepeated in the subscription. The first waswritten in two months, and completed inSafar, A.H. 1038; it contains 5314 distichs.The second was completed in Jumada, A.H.1038, and contains 8000 distichs. Thethird was completed in Zulka'dah, A.H. 1038,and consists of 4225 distichs. The fourthwas finished in Muharram, A.H. 1039. Thefifth was finished in llatn I., A.H. 1039; itconsists of 8500 distichs.

The author mentions in his conclusionanother Khamsah previously written by himin praise of Muhammad, his wives, hisgrandchildren, Hasan and Husain, and theirdescendants. A Masnavi entitled eij+j*t&i.jZi, and attributed in the Oude Catalogue,p. 419, to Muhammad Hasan, of Dehli, A.H.1013, is probably a part of that work.

Copyist: jiWi &±s-

Add. 7801.Foil. 76; Hi in. by 1% ; 17 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in Ncstalik, in four gold-ruledcolumns, with 'Unvan and ten miniatures inthe Persian style; dated A.H. 1109 (A.D.1697). [CI. J. Rich.]

&*U UJ^>

Jarun-Namah, a Magnavi on the takingof Jarun (Hormuz) from the Portuguese byImam Kull Khan.

Author : Kadri,

Beg. ^y. plb Jj\j!j> \j jk3 yJii jM

Imam Kuli Khan, son and successor ofAllah VirdI Khan, Beglerbegi of the Provinceof Pars, captured Hormuz, after a siege oftwo months, in the 36th year of the reign ofShah 'Abbas I., A.H. 1032 ; see 'Alam-arai,fol. 382, and Malcolm, vol. i. p. 546.

The poem was written in Imam Kuli'slifetime and dedicated to him. But a sub¬sequent addition, foil. 59—65, contains arecord of the cruel execution of that generaland his children by Shah Safi, which tookplace, as stated, fol. 63 a, in A.H. 1043. SeeMalcolm, vol. i. p. 571.

Foil. 65, 71, 72 contain some versifiedchronograms of births, etc., by the sameKadri. This poet is not to be confoundedwith his namesake Kadri Shirazi, who diedin India, A.H. 989. See Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 370.

Appended is a fragment of a poem onSliirin and Khusrau, foil. 66—70.

Add. 19,662.Foil. 445; 9 in. by 6£; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Shikastah-amiz, with ruledmargins ; dated Jumada I., the fifth year ofthe reign (of Shah Husain) = A.H. 1111(A.D. 1699).

jX»>\

The Divan of A sir.

Beg. lib £*)li*- **b

t&>£ ,jljk-~* *Si»- j*>

Mirza, Jalal Asir, son of MIrza Miimin, oneof the Sayyids of Shahristan, and a native ofIsfahan, stood high in the favour of ShahAbbas I., who gave him one of his daughtersin marriage. He died young from excess ofdrink, leaving a Divan, which consists, ac¬cording to Tahir NasirabadT, fol. 80, of 8000lines. The date A.H. 1049 given for hisdeath by Siraj, Oude Catalogue, p. 149, andby Abu Talib, Khulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 15, isprobably correct. An earlier date, A.H.1040, given in Mirat ul-'Alam, fol. 476, andHamishah Bahar, Oude Catalogue, p. 117,is not consistent with the evidence of his

K. K

682 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

Divan, which contains chronograms onevents of A.H. 1044 and 1045. See alsoKisas ul-Khakiini, fol. 163, Mir'at ul-Khayal,fol. 52, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 49, and OudeCatalogue, p. 342.

Contents: Kasidahs in alphabetical order,fol. 1 b. Kit'ahs, including chronograms,fol. 57 a. Magnavis, fol. 60 a. Tarji's, fol.73 a. Ghazals alphabetically arranged, fol.79 a, beginning:

Vju* y J^*- j^i $ l?^

l^jJu) ^^)° j 1 J* ^yRubais in the same order, fol. 438 a. SeeOuseley's Collection, No. 15.

Copyist: <jjb<Jl* tdio vi^&l*^

Or. 278.Foil. 148; 6£ in. by 4; 11 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently late inthe 17th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The Divan of Auji.

Beg. jl* ab-Jjl jo »y>J> Oy

^j u J>y *£>\±^>- fjji*Auji Natanzi, a native of Natanz, near

Isfahan, lived in Herat. He and two otherpoets, Malik Mashriki, and Fasihi of Herat(who died A.H. 1046 ; Oude Catalogue,p. 151), were the favourite companions ofHasan Beg Shiimlu, the Beglerbegi ofKhorasan. This Amir, who succeeded to thepost of his father Husain Khan A.H. 1027,and died about the close of the reign of ShahSafi (A.H. 1038—1052), was a passionatelover of poetry, and has left a Divan of threethousand lines. See 'Alam Arai, fol. 368,and Tahir Nasirabadi, fol. 28 b.

Auji died, according to Siraj, Oude Cata¬

logue, p. 149, A.H. 1050. His Divan isstated to contain about ten thousand lines.See Tahir, fol. 188, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol.47, and Atashkadah, fol. 94.

Contents : Kasidahs, fol. 2 b. Tarkibs,fol. 33 b. Kit'ahs, fol. 47 b. Ghazals inalphabetical order, fol. 57 b, beginning:

\j ^LjijXiuc cu«Ui' jii i—jj b sj.!*^Ruba'is, fol. 136 b.

The laudatory poems are mostly in praiseof the Imam 'Ali Riza and of the author'spatron, Hasan Khan. A Kasidah is addressedto Shah Safi at the time of his accession,and a Tarkib to the Vazir Mir Abul-Ma'ali.

Or. 299.Foil. 109; 7f in. by 4|; 15 lines, 21 in.

long; written in neat Nestalik on gold-sprinkled paper, with 'Unviin and gold-ruledmargins, in the 17th century.


kiA*P

The Divan of Ghiya§.

Beg. (jiibc^ jJcu> yjl^J j Ujo e^w^ji a*.

*ji j—>> jJio\»- ^Lai

Ghiyasa i Halva'i, or " the confectioner,"was a native of Shiraz, and a contemporaryof Mulhimi and of Nizam, of Dast i Ghaib(who died A.H. 1039). In middle life hesettled in Isfahan, where he was muchappreciated by men of taste. Having losthis sight, he died, in consequence of a fallfrom the roof of his house, in the reign ofShah Safi (A.H. 1038—1052). See TahirNasirabadi, fol. 179, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol.321, Atashkadah, fol. 133, and Oude Cata¬logue, p. 412.

Contents: Kasidahs, fol. 3 b. Saki Nii-mah, a Magnavi addressed to the Shah; fol.31 a. Ghazals without alphabetical arrange¬ment, fol. 37 a, beginning :

POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100. 683

V% ujj^ y

lj5^) 'jkit jil j!ij>-yui s\j,XS Ci^'^">

Rubals and Eardiyyat, fol. 104 a.The laudatory poems are addressed to the

Imams, and to a prineely personage, onlydesignated by the title of Khan. ManyKasidahs treat of moral and religious subjectsin the style of Khakani. One of them,imitated from a well known Kasidah of thatpoet, and entitled ^U^M J/m, was composedin A.H. 1035, as shown by the chronogram

M«) .

Add. 7800.Foil. 180; 9f in. by 4| ; 15 lines, 2\ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

Jj^UThe Divan of Mashriki.

Beg. l-Aj jj^*^ u*^$ mj*" —4?u^sil udilt «j j**^* (jfcSl si

Mlrza. Malik Mashriki, who has beenmentioned, p. 682 b, as one of the favouritepoets of Hasan Khan, governor of Herat,was born in Isfahan of a family which camefrom Mashhad, and was one of the secretariesof the Diir ul-Insha, or chancelry, of Shah'Abbas I. He appears to have been stayingin Isfahan during the reign of Shah Safi(A.H. 1038—1052) to whom several of hisKasidahs are addressed. His Divan includesa chronogram on some royal building erectedA.H. 1050.

Notices on Mashriki are to be found in theTazkirah of Tahir Nasirabfidi, fol. 185, theRiyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 429, and the Atash-kadah, fol. 49.

Contents: Kasidahs, fol. 1 b. Ghazalsand detached verses, in one alphabeticalseries, fol. 53 a, beginning:

LjS yrj f**A>\jcj\ys 8 w\»

A Magnavl on Khusrau and Shlrln, written,as stated in the prologue, by desire of ShallSafi, and left unfinished, fol. 166 a,beginning:

J&~i j J*Another Masnavi, fol. 175 a. Ruba'is,

fol. 177 b.


long; written in Naskhi, apparently in the17th century. From the royal library ofLucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

Poetical works of Mir Muhammad KazimHusainl, poetically surnamed Karlm.

{_ja\£ ^J> ^jUx,>. pJi>^ J^si < j t +The author, no record of whom has been

found, was, as appears from some passagesof his works, a native of Irak, in the serviceof 'Abd ullah Kutubshah, who reigned inHaidarabad from A.H. 1035 to 1083, andhis father's poetical surname was Eikr. Seethe Oude Catalogue, p. 456.

The contents are as follows:I. Foil. 56 A collection of Ruba'is,

mostly of religious nature, in alphabeticalorder, with a prose preface.

Beg. of Pref. ^ g;*** J>^ &MyJ \"^.~>j<j

The collection comprises, as stated at theend, four thousand and eighty Ruba'is.

II. Foil. 300 b. fj « The Treasure,"a Kasidah addressed to Sultan 'Abd ullahKutubshah, with a prose preface, beginning:

o\a_x_'J_.*j\ i_ ,o-La.)

(j^-fcjIn a letter to the Sultan, which is prefixed,

the author alludes to his poem as a buriedtreasure which he had discovered in theestate bestowed upon him by the sovereign.

The Kasidah, which begins thus, fol. 308 &,

jl0 J } **»^ ^

J 1 ^jfc* drir* s* u)f \>J*K k 2

684 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

consists of upwards of a thousand lines.The text is frequently interrupted by longextracts from Nizami, Sa'di, Jami, and theauthor's own poems. The poet offers to theking very hold advice for the reformation ofabuses and the better government of thekingdom. lie adds bitter complaints ofthe neglect and niggardly treatment he hadmet with during seven years service, and ofthe exactions which reduced his scantyallowance, and threatens to leave Haidarabadto return to his native Irak, and to the holyshrines of Najaf.

Foil. 3 and 4 contain a notice on tenreligious Masnavis of the author, withremarks on the efficacy of their recitation.

Or. 337.Poll. 143; 10£ in. by 6; 17 lines, 3£ in long;

written in Indian Shikastah-amiz; dated'Alamgirpur, vulgo Bhilsah, Zulhijjah, the28th year of Aurangzib, A.H. 1095 (A.D.1684). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

A story of two Sindian lovers.Author: Eiza'i, j>\*oj

Be g- J* a* r * 3 J J r* ^id J-oW pfc

The author, who appears to have been anative of Sind, states in the introduction,fol. 30 b, that the original name of the loverwas Panun and that of his beloved,Sis! (jf-J^, but that, from fear of offendingPersian ears by outlandish names, he hadsubstituted for them Nigar and Ziba.

The poem is founded, as stated at the end,upon a prose narrative, due to Sayyid 'Aliof Thathah, a holy personage, who was acontemporary of the heroes of the tale.The date of composition, A.H. 1053, is

expressed by the words j£ and a3 statedin the following lines, fol. 140 b :

\j>>\~»-j\ j»<ji^»» £b j±A

U^Uai- j&J-> ^» s£

Appended is a eulogy on the work by thetranscriber Jaikarn, in which the author isnamed Maulana Haji Muhammad Rizai.

See Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 544, andStewart's Catalogue, p. 73.

Or. 323.Poll. 482; 8£ in. by 4 1 ; 15 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century; much damaged by worms.


The poetical works of Kudsi, oUtf.Hap Muhammad Jan, who took the sur¬

name of Kudsi from the holy shrine ofMashhad, his native place, had performedin his youth a pilgrimage to Mecca. Hewent to India in A.H. 1041, and was patron¬ized by *Abd Ullah Khan Firuz Jang, whointroduced him to the notice of Shahjahan.He soon became one of that sovereign'sfavourite poets, but did not obtain theappointment of Malik ush-Shu'ara, to whichh<; was, according to the 'Araal Salih, fol.696, entitled above all others, because hehad been forestalled by Talib Kalim. Hespent the last years of his life in Kashmir,where he died A.H. 1056, according to Siraj,Oude Catalogue, p. 151, the Sarv i Azad, andHaft Asrmln, p. 143, or A.II. 1055, as statedby Shir Khan, fol. 64, and in the KhulasatUl-Afkar, fol. 225. The first of the abovedates is confirmed by a Tarkib composed bya contemporary poet on Kudsi's death, Or.351, fol. 7, in which it is expressed by thechronogram :

JiMj JjAj jj*Other notices on Kudsi will be found in the

POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100. 685

Tazkirah of Tahir, fol. 169, the Tabakat iShahjahani, fol. 324, Padishah Namah ofAmin, fol. 430, Padishah Namah of 'Ahd ul-HamTd, vol. i., part 2, p. 351, Vaki'fit iKashmir, fol. 119, Riyiiz ush-Shu'ara", fol.370, and the Oude Catalogue, pp. 113,128,and 536.

The contents are as follows:

I. Eol. 2 b. A description of the gardensof Kashmir, a Ma§navi dedicated to Shah¬jahan, imperfect at the beginning.

II. Eol. 19 b. Tarlcib-bands, mostly inpraise of Imam Riza, beginning :

<_â*a»L*>>\LiliuJ +jj\tSj{jjM j ju> j>j i -f J '.U>

The first of tliese was written, according tothe heading, when the poet was setting outfor Irak; another at the time of his departurefor India.

III. Eol. 47 b. Kasidahs, only partiallyarranged in alphabetical order. They aremostly in praise of the Imams. One isaddressed to Minuchilir, governor of Mashhad,another to Hasan Khan, governor of Herat.

IV. Eol. 136 b. Ghazals in alphabeticalorder, beginning:

\) LT?-}*- ^ J^tr! »i

V. Eol. 215 b. Preface to the Divan ofKudsi, written in Agra, A.H. 1048, by Jalalud-Din Muhammad Tabataba'I (see p. 258 a).

VI. Eol. 222 b. Ruba'is.

VII. Fol. 274 b. Marsiyahs on the deathof the poet's son, and other persons, in theform of Tarkib-bands.

VIII. Eol. 294 a. J^li apoetical history of Shahjahan in Masnavirhyme.

Beg. Jî, jl ^ Jhoi. Ûot)W J^Lîib

The poem was loft unfinished. Thepresent copy contains a confused series ofdetached fragments, treating of Shahjahan'saccession, his early life, and some events ofthe beginning of his reign. The latest ofthese is the erection by Shahjahan, on hisreturn from the Deccan, of several edifices,and especially of the famous Dehli mosque,the building of which is dated by a chrono¬gram A.H. 1047. Some of the fragmentsare written twice and even thrice over withsome variations.

IX. Eol. 477 a. Two fragments, probablybelonging to the Masnavi mentioned underArt. I. The first is part of a description ofKashmir; the second is in praise of Shah¬jahan, and begins:

...UliisU *l_i_.>ty v v p

(jlfc^ «ii ^j\jt\jU>

Or. 351.Foil. 68; 8J in. by 5; 17 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

Some poems by Kudsi, as follows :Fol. 2 b. A Kit'ah of religious character,

ending with an invocation to 'AH.

Beg. u-jj ,J^m JbJ i_*JL J3j j\

^jolij j^js. J>jJ6 j\

Fol. 4 b. Kasidahs addressed to Shah¬jahan, mostly on Nauruz festivals.

Foil. 7 and 9 contain the Tarklb-band,composed by some poet not named, on thedeath of Kudsi, which has been noticedp. 684 b.

Eol. 21 a. Magnavls, beginning :

<j°3 j cjj*

o/ Ji* tib&T l\j j

(586 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

This section contains poems on variouspalaces erected by Shahjahan, with chrono¬grams ranging from A.H. 1040 to 1048 along description of Agrah, fol. 44 a, andother pieces relating to events of that period.The longest, however, foil. 48 b —51 b and21 a —26 b, relating to the flight and deathof Rajah Jajhar Singh (A.H. 1044), is notby Kudsi, but by Kalim, and is found inthe Divan of the latter, Add. 24,002, foil.86 a—94 b.

Fol. 61 a. Kit'ahs, most of which containchronograms on contemporary events.

Add. 24,002.Toll. 166; 9 in. by 6; about 20 lines,

34 in. long ; written in a cursive Nestalik,with two 'Unvans, and gold-ruled margins;probably in the 18th century.

The Divan of Kalim.

Beg. j»> <*Ji^ sT j(i 'jt J^l^s^ji* £ <J^j>-\ b j\ jO /

Abu Talib, poetically surnamed Kalim,was born in Hamadan and grew up inKashan. After completing his studies inShiraz, he went to India, where, accord¬ing to the 'Amal i Salih, fol. 697, he stayedsome time with Mir Jumlah, poeticallystyled Ruh ul-Amin (p. 675 b). Havingbeen attached to the court of Shahjahanshortly after that sovereign's accession,he became his favourite poet, and re¬ceived from him the post of Malik ush-Shu'ara. Amin states, in his PadishahNamah, fol. 431, that Talib and Kudsi werethen (A.H. 1047) simultaneously engagedupon the composition of two poetical recordsof Shahjahan's reign, both of which he termsPadishah Namah. Talib was sent to Kash¬mir, to devote himself to the completion of

his task, and he died there, as stated by hiscontemporary Varis, in the third volume ofthe Padishah Namah, fol. 530, on the 15thof Zulhijjah, in the 26th year of the reign(A.H. 1062). The same year is given as thedate of his death by Shir Khan, fol. 67,while Mir'at i 'Alam, and other later works,give A.H. 1061. See Tazkirah i Tahir, fol.165, Atashkadah, fol. 110, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 385, and the Oude Catalogue, pp. 113,128, 151, and 453.

The contents of the Divan are as follows:

Pol. 2 b. Kasidahs, mostly addressed toShahjahan, with a Tarkib-band of the kindcalled Bahariyyah, or vernal poem, at theend.

Pol. 41 a. MukattaVit, including chrono¬grams, the dates of which range from A.H.1024, Dara Shikuh's birth, to A.H. 1054.

Pol. 52 b. Masnavis, mostly descriptiveof buildings erected by Shabjahan, andrecording their dates. The longest, foil.86 a —94 b, contains an account of the flightand pursuit of Jajhar Singh. The last is aSaid Namah composed for Zafar Khan,governor of Kashmir.

Pol. 97 b. Ghazals in alphabetical order,beginning:

]) iJ^-J ss>j 1|/~~*J *&j> l}&>

\j (_£}H-!>tiLij ^ (iy^3, j\ c_j b

The margins contain additional Ghazals.Poll. 160 a. Bubals.

Add. 7798.Poll. 183 ; 7i in, by 3|; 14 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [CI. J. Rich. J

A collection of Kalim's Ghazals, slightlyimperfect at beginning and end. It is farricher than the corresponding section of thepreceding MS., and contains a few Ruba'isat the end.

POETRY.—A.

Add. 22,701.Foil. 1G2; 9 in. by 5£; 17 lines, 3-£ in.

long; written in Ncstalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins; dated Sha'ban, A.H.1098 (A.D. 1687). [Sir John Campbell.]

Another collection of Kalim's minorpoems, containing Ghazals, fol. 1 b, Iluba'is,fol. 153 b, and two Masnavis, fol. 159 b.

Or. 306.Foil. 193; d\ in. by G ; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Ncstalik, with gold-ruledmargins ; dated Jumada I., A.D. 1814.

[Geo. Wm, Hamilton.]Ghazals of Kallm.

Or. 357.Foil. 210; 73 in. by 4£ ; about 20 lines

written diagonally, in Ncstalik, partly inthree and partly in four columns, probablyin the 17th century.


&*U> alioUV

Five fragments of a poetical record of thelife of Shabjahan, by Kalim, as follows:

1. Early life of Shabjahan, concludingwith the death of Jahanglr, fol. 1.

2. Part of the prologue, and account ofthe emperor's forefathers from Timur toHumayun, fol. 48 a.

3. Early part of Shahjahan's reign, fromhis accession to Zafar Khan's expedition toTibet (A.H. 1046—7), fol. 72 a.

4. Another part of the introduction,beginning with the Mi'raj, and ending withthe birth of Shabjahan, fol. 198.

5. Description of Kashmir, fol. 205.The same work is mentioned in the

Oude Catalogue, p. 454, under the title ofallifeli. See also the Munich

Catalogue, p. 96, and King's College Library,No. 253.

H. 1000—1100. 687


long; written in Nestalik, on gold-sprinkledpaper, with 'Unvan and gold-ruled margins;dated A.H. 1042 (A.D. 1632).

^\ tt>t>PThe Divan of Ilahi.

Beg. jL> ^IcJotf^ C«JjTj <i)"tj c^**>ii u» v* - -■■>*

Mir Ilahi is the author of a Tazkirah, inwhich he calls himself 'Imad ud-Din MahmudIlahi HusainI, the contents of which havebeen fully stated by Dr. Sprenger, OudeCatalogue, pp. 66—87. He belonged, ac¬cording to Tahir Nasirabadi, fol. 192, to thefamily of the Sayyids of Asadabad, Hamadan,and lived some years in Isfahan underShah Abbas I., in frequent intercourse withthe poet Hakim Shifal. He then wentto India, and appears to have stayed sometime in Kabul with the governor Zafar Khan,to whom several of his pieces, one of themdated A.H. 1033, are addressed. After someyears spent at Court, under Jahanglr andShabjahan, he acccompanied Zafar Khanto Kashmir, A.H. 1041—2, and resided theretill his death, the date of which, A.H. 1063,is expressed in some verses engraved on histomb, and quoted in the Vaki at i Kashmir,fol. 122 a, by the chronogram ^>J>\ ^

See 'Amal i Salih, fol. 701, Mir'at ul-Khayal, fol. 84, Kiyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 40,Atashkadah, fol. 115, and Oude Catalogue,pp. 150 and 435.

Zafar Khan, son of Khwajah Abul-Hasan,was a munificent patron of letters, and nomean poet himself. He was appointedgovernor of Kabul, as lieutenant of hisfather, in the 19th year of Jahangir (A.H.1033). Having been sent in the same

688 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

capacity to Kashmir in the 5th year ofShahjahan (A.H. 1041—2), he held thatpost down to the 26th year of the reign,when he was transferred to Tattah. Hedied A.H. 1073. See Ma'agir ul-TJmara,fol. 374.

Contents: Kasldahs in praise of theImfims, of Shahjahan, Mahabat Khan, andother Amirs, fol. 1 b. Tarkib and Tarji'-bands, fol. 57 b. Kit'ahs, including a Mar-siyah on Husain, fol. 69 b. Masnavis, fol.95 a. Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol.102 b., beginning:

U Ol:si ki- jJ> y UU***^ ^\lo Oli ijfljifi y j\ fta-V'?.'5

Rubais, fol. 157 b.Poll. 78—87,173—195 have been supplied

by a later hand.

Add. 7815.Poll. 136; 1\ in. by4§; 14 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedSafar, A.H. 1049 (A.D. 1639).

[CI. J. Rich.]

^r**'* <z)\y^^The Divan of Masih.

Beg. \j ±> j C£Joi <6j** e^-Uli JSc

\j i^ijl ±>\$ »!> 1^./ u-.^ y

Hakim Rukn ud-Din Mas'ud, of Kashan,poetically surnamed Masih, who has beenalready mentioned, p. 603 a, left the courtof Shah 'Abbas I., in consequence of a sup¬posed slight, at the time of the Shah's settingout for Mazandaran (A.H. 1006). He arrivedat the court of Akbar with his famous con¬temporary, Hakim Sadra of Shiraz, after¬wards Masih uz-Zaman, A.H. 1011, andstayed there in a position of great honourand emolument during the whole reign of

Jahangir and the first years of Shahjahan.Amin states in his Padishfih-Namah, writtenA.H. 1047, fol. 429, that the Hakim hadsometime previously obtained, on account ofhis advanced age, leave to retire and to go toMecca, and that he was then staying at homeengaged upon the composition of his eighthDivan. His contemporary, Tahir Nasirabadi,who had seen no less than ten Divans of hiscomposition, states, fol. 161, that he died inKashan A.H. 1066, and adds, in order to fixthe date, the chronogram

pjil £-»~*jbtiUi i \j^~>jContents: Ghazals in alphabetical order.

Kit'ahs, with some short Masnavis, fol. 101 b.Ruba'is, fol. 120 b.

In the subscription the work is designatedas the sixth Divan of the Hakim.

Or. 475.Poll. 65; 8| in. by 4f; 15 lines, 2g in.


[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]Three Masnavis of the same poet, viz.:I. Pol. 1 b. Anecdotes of lovers.

Beg. dJU- j\ j^j-j \-* Lvjjlji-

td)b }JL) j*ajS- (jfcjlj

The title occurs in the following line,fol. 7 a :

ljt*W> jjs«- (jj-'y j\

^y 3?}

The poem is dedicated to Shah 'Abbas, andappears, from some passages, to have beenwritten shortly before the author's flight.In one of these, fol. 47, he begs to be allowedto leave the Court, then at Rai, and to gohome to Kashan, in order to get healed ofthe scab. Further on he refers to theend of his brother poet, Akdasi Mashhadi,

POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100. 089

whose deathbed he had attended in A.H.1003, and to the death of his own father inA.H. 1001. In another passage, fol. 55 b, hestates that he had, at the time of writing,completed his 35th year.

II. Pol. 50 b. A Masnavl, entitled SaidNamah, in praise of Shah 'Abbas.

Beg. O-jj ^ 5b

jl jJ J**

III. Fol. 63 b. A Masnavi, without title,relating to the adventure of a caravan at thetomb of Hatim.

Be g- j 1-?. wuT ^ %j#

jb idj^ \jt tjl^ câ

On the first page is a Persian note statingthat this " very rare work of Hakim MasihRukna'i Kaslri, the master of Sa'ib," hadbeen presented by Ziya ud-Din Ahmad Khanto Col. Wm. Hamilton, at Dehli, on the17th of January, A.D. 1867.

Or. 1250.Poll. 195; 9J in. by 6|; 14 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Nestalik, probably aboutthe beginning of the 19th century.

The story of Ram and Sitii, in Magnavirhyme, by Maslh.

Beg. « J> (»V j bijbi-

c^v*»»-> td*&?j} j*^"*' (_^—* j\ ^

The prologue contains a long panegyricon Jahanglr, and the author's apology forhaving taken his theme from a heathenishtale.

Or. 293.Poll. 70; *l\ in. by 4£; 12 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Shikastah-amiz, apparentlyin the 18th century ; from the royal libraryof Lucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

l^Jo-o uy:>

The Divan of Saidi, consisting of Ghazalsalphabetically arranged.

Beg. lîls- jX-J3 y j^p- j\ t£~i\$\^> îlio jj^T j& U j\

Mir Saidi, whose original name was Say-yid 'AH, belonged to a family of Sayyids inTeheran, and made his studies in Isfahan.Having gone to India, he found access, A.H.1061, to the court of Shahjahan, and secureda protectrice in that emperor's accomplisheddaughter Jahan-ara Bcgam, who was then inher 42nd year (see p. 357 b). He wasscarcely more than thirty years of age whenhe died, in Dehli, A.H. 1069, as stated inKisas ul-Khfikanl, fol. 167 a. See also Tahir,foL 267, Varis, fol. 530, Sarkhush, fol. 78,Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 485, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 259, Atashkadah, fol. 94, and the OudeCatalogue, pp. 112, 125, and 383.

Add. 7813.Poll. 75; Q\ in. by 3±; 11 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Nestalik, apparently aboutthe close of the 17th century.


Add. 26,235.Poll. 60; 10 in. by 5^; 18 lines, 3£ in.

long ; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century. [Wm. Ekskine.]

"The troubles of India," a poetical ac¬count of the struggle of Shahjahan's sonsfor the empire, from the rising of Murud-bakhsh in Ahmadabad to the death of DaraShikuh, A H! 1067—1069.

Author; Bihishtl, { JJLtiL L

090 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

Beg. \j £-» îjo- <z+*~>)&-

The author, who calls himself the panegy¬rist of Sultan Muradbakhsh, writes inthe interest of his master, and in a spirit ofhitter animosity against the successful com¬petitor Aurangzib. He asserts that he hadwitnessed all the battles he describes:

jj.iti ^»n>

^ jjJou^J

The poem was evidently written shortly afterthe events related, and before the death ofMuradbakhsh, which took place in A.H.1071. The title is contained in the last line:

ÎXwHjii i£>\

gjljuuj Lj

Or. 302.Toll. 170 ; 10 in. by ; 16 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Shilcastah-fimiz, about theclose of the 17th century. From the royallibrary of Lucknow. [Geo. ¥m. Hamilton.]

tj+j

The Divan of Eauji.

Beg. »-_i-U» Ujo tjiy- JU» \J>\>-

<C_i-l«» L..JJ J^~*-J ***8-&' \ ulili-

Mulla Mukim, or Mukima, poetically sur-named Eauji, belonged to a family of poets.His father, Mulla KaidI, of Nishapur, a poetof some note, and a nephew of the betterknown Naziri, went to India in the reign ofShahjahan, and died at sea on his returnvoyage to Persia, A.H. 1064, as stated in theEauz i Azim, fol. 92, by Eaujl's brother,Mulla 'Azima. See the Mir'at us-Safa, fol.223, and Tahir Nasirabadi, fol. 236.

Eauji, who went also to India, attached

himself to Mirza Jan Beg, who commandedin Orissa, under Shah Shuja", took Hijli in the24th year of Shahjahan (A.H. 1060-61), andfought by the side of Shah Shuja in thatprince's last war (see Tazkirat ul-Umara,fol. 116). Eauji went from India to Mecca,and, after performing the pilgrimage, re¬turned to his native place, Nrshapur, wherehe died, according to the Mir'at us-Safa, A.H.1075, and, as stated in the Kisas ul-Kha-kani, fol. 177, at the age of forty-two years.See Mir'at ul-Khayal, fol. 106, where Eaujiis wrongly described as a native of Shiraz,Riyiiz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 346, and the OudeCatalogue, pp. 113 and 398.

Contents: Kasidahs in praise of the Imams,of Shah Shuja', and of the poet's specialpatron, Mirzfi Jan Beg, fol. 2 b. Ghazals inalphabetical order, fol. 47 a, beginning:

\^>c> fis—>\j£jusi ijx-ij \—i>i±>d j\ Îfi

LfbW j> wVi ^jij*

Kit'ahs, including some chronograms,which relate to contemporary events in India,and range from A.H. 1052 to 1059, fol. 151 a.Ruba'is, fol. 153 b. A Sfiki-Namali, writtenin Orissa, for Mirza Jan Beg, and two shorterMagnavis, fol. 157 b.

Or. 360.

Foil. 223 j 111 in. by 6£; 21 lines, 4£ in.long; written in Nestalik, with three 'Un-vans, and gold-ruled margins, apparently inthe 17th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

aU»The Divan of Shah.

Beg. jtib±*\ ^

jVjW u)j> £*>V U

Mulla Shah, originally called MuhammadShah, and surnamed Lisan Ullah, was one of

POETRY.—A. H

the greatest Sufis of India, and the spiritualpreceptor of Dara Shikuh, who has given afull account of his life, with many of hisletters and poems, in the Safinat ul-Auliya,fol. 86—118 (see p. 358 a). He was the sonof Mulla 'Idi, the Kiizi of Ark, in the cantonof Rustak, Badakhshan, and, having earlyadopted a religious life, wandered, A.H.1023, to India, in quest of a spiritualguide. He found one in Miyiin Mir, thecelehrated saint of Lahore (see ib.), by whomhe was initiated in Sufism and affiliated tothe Kadiri order. After his master's death,A.H. 1045, he settled in Kashmir, where avast monastery was built for him and hisdisciples, at the expense of Dara Shikuh andhis sister Jahanara Begam, both devotedadherents, and where he was frequentlyvisited by Shahjahan. He died in Lahore,A.II. 1072, and left, besides a large numberof religious Ghazals and Masnavis, an un¬finished Sufi commentary upon the Coran.See Mir'at ul-Khayal, foil. 87—91, 'Amal iSalih, fol. 686, Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 447, Va-ki*at i Kashmir, fol. 126, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,foil. 247—250, and the Dabistan, vol. iii.p. 284.

Contents : Ruba'Is of a religious nature,with paraphrases in Masnavi rhyme, andcomments in prose, fol. 2 b. Another seriesof Ruba'Is in alphabetical order, with para¬phrases in Masnavi, fol. 17 b. The sameseries, without paraphrase, fol. 130 b. Ghazalsand Kasidahs, forming one alphabeticalseries, fol. 187 b, beginning:

bta J^.jj \j» w \j>\UUlSo e i&~3 ^\ j> ^jjy jii

The second series of Ruba'is includes chrono¬grams relating to incidents of the author'slife, with dates ranging from A.H. 1023 to1000. From these we learn that he wrotea Shash Ganj A.H. 1055, and a commentaryon the Surat Yusuf A.H. 1057, and that he

. 1000—1100. 091

was joined by bis relatives, after forty years'separation, in Kashmir A.H. 1060.

Or. 277.Foil. 177; 91 in. by 5| ; 16 lines, 3 in.

long ; written in Kestalik, apparently aboutthe close of the 17th century. From theroyal library of Lucknow.


cAJ>}The Divan of Insan.

Beg. l—Jj ^> ^Ls- ■, ««a J j.^j Iaj (i) LJ\li.^ to*- ls^>j iJ-U? (jVjJj 1

The author states in his first poem that hewas a Sayyid, originally called Abu l-'Alfi,that he was born in A.H. 1037, and that hehad given up the world and adopted a life ofreligious poverty in A.H. 1060:

y>- ^^—^ CJii^Jj j\ ^~»^

ta\ Jp^> ^ Jj> ^i^=»

£ <ir*? J 1 ^pj^ 3\J> li^l-* laa5 j

In the concluding lines he says that he hadgiven up the writing of poetry in A.II. 1077.From his frequent references to Kasi, orBenares, he appears to have been dwellingin that city. His principal theme is themystic love of the Sufis, and he often refersto his complete enfranchisement from allpositive creed or religious law.

Contents: Kasidahs, or longer poems, inalphabetical order, fol. 2 b.

Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol. 42 b.Beg. U ^113 J«i>b y JC> ^ ^\

lc ^U. l-X>,£ijf y JU» 'a-i-?.T

Tarji'-bands, fol. 132 «. A Saki-Namah,fol. 145 a. Ruba'is, fol. 150 b.

L L 2

692 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

Or. 300.Foil. 70; 8± in. by 4£; 15 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Shikastah-iimiz, in thefirst half of the 18th century. From theroyal library of Lucknow.


o-^ !^The Diviin of Ghani, with a preface by

Mahir.

Beg. of Pref. jiib y OliBeginning of the Divan :

m -Vj ^ /^ mjUVj aXAfci. i/L* ^

Muhammad Tahir, surnamcd Ghani, wasa Kashmirian by birth, and a disciple ofanother Kashmirian poet, Muhsin Fani,whom he is said to have surpassed in poeticalgenius. (Pan! died A.H. 1082). He adoptedthe takhallus ^js- as a chronogram for A.H.1000, the date of his first poetical composi¬tions, and died at an early age, A.H. 1079,three years before his master, nis Diviinwas collected by his friend, Muhammed 'AllMahir, who composed the following chrono¬gram on his death:

L&J 3 c* 3

Sit ^JU j\ Ub j\0 ijy* jstfTSee 'Amal i Salih, fol. 705, Sarkhush, fol.

95, Mir'at ul-Khayal, fol. 101, Tahir Nasira-biidi, fol. 328, Vaki at i Kashmir, fol. 322,Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 322, and the OudeCatalogue, pp. 113, 151, and 410.

The editor describes Ghani, whom he callshis master, as a man who by holiness oflife had almost become a disembodied spirit.The date of his death, A.H. 1079, is expressedby the chronogram (j>-

Contents : Ghazals, and longer poems, inone alphabetical series, fol. 6 b. Rubii'is,fol. 57 b. Masnavis, fol. 66 a.

Pol. 68 contains a short piece in prose,

in which Ghani clears himself of a falseaccusation of plagiarism.

On the first page is a 'Arz-Didah, datedA.H. 1169.

The DTvan of Ghani has been printed inLucknow, 1845.

Add. 25,819.Poll. 202; 8| in. by 6J; 13 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Cawnpore,Muharram, A.H. 1223 (A.D. 1808).

[Wm. Curbton.]

j uJu*»yYiisuf and Zulaikha, a Masnavi.

Author: Nazim, ^>^oBeg. liio *AJu<> ^js- bUi-

L»L aJJoJ j ij> ^>$° JiiMullii Nazim, son of Shah Riza Sabzavari,

was born in Herat, where he spent his wholelife as court poet of the Beglerbegis of thatprovince. The author of the Kisas ul-Kha-kani states, fol. 178, that N;izim was then(A.H. 1076) upwards of sixty years of age,and that his Divan contained twenty-fivethousand lines. He died, according to Siraj,Oude Catalogue, p. 151, A.H. 1081. SeeTahir Naslrabadi, fol. 246, Riyiiz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 470, Atashkadah, fol. 85, and the OudeCatalogue, pp. 129, 515.

After eulogies upon Herat, upon thereigning sovereign, Shah 'Abbas II., and hisprotector, 'Abbas Kull Khan Shamlu, gover¬nor of Herat, the poet relates in the prologuehow -he had been urged by his patron to tryhis skill in Masnavi, and how the theme ofthe present poem had been suggested to himby the same exalted personage. He con¬cludes with an encomium on his predecessorJ ami. In the epilogue Nazim states that hehad devoted fourteen years to the compositionof the poem, having commenced it A.H. 1058,and completed it A.H. 1072.

POETRY.—A.II. 1000—1100. 093

The Yfisuf u Zulaikha of Nazim has beenprinted in the press of the Oude Akhbfir,Lucknow, A.H. 1286.

Or. 292.Foil. 392 ; 8f in. by 41; 23 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Shikastah-amiz, with'Unvan and gold-ruled margins, apparentlyin the latter part of the 17th century.


(^JUsThe Divan of Sii'ib.

Beg. l^fc^ jy j^-JU jsj

j\i y <j>j&» '»^*?

Mirza, Muhammad'AH, poetically surnamedSa'ib, is bv common consent the creator of awww

new style of poetry, and the greatest ofmodern Persian poets. He was born inIsfahan, where his father, a native of Tabriz,was Kadkhuda, or provost, of the merchantsof 'Abbasabad. As he was, according to theKisas ul-Khakani, fol. 103, upwards of sixtyyears of age in A.II. 1076, his birth musthave taken place about A.H. 1010. Havingstarted in early life for India, he made along stay at Kabul, where the Governor,Zafar Khan, treated him with great kindness.He was afterwards favourably received bySkahjahan, who conferred upon him a com¬mand of one thousand and the title ofMnsta'idd Khan. He left the Court, how¬ever, to accompany his munificent patron,Zafar Khan, to his government of Kashmir(A.II. 1041-2), and, after staying there sometime, returned to Persia, where Shah Ab¬bas II. bestowed upon him the title of Malikush-Shu'ara. The latter part of his life wasspent in Isfahan, where he died at anadvanced age, A.H. 1088, leaving upwardsof a hundred and twenty thousand lines ofpoetry, chiefly Ghazals. The date of his

death is fixed by the following chronogramof a contemporary poet, Vaiz, Add. 7812,fol. 245 :

SjO V^.^

<-A»»- u^f" jfi teW** J* w!j

(jij^LJ ^^LaJl-j jJUu iX-*-JLa_>

J«0 jjl^MJiJ j*jS> (j\

Other dates, however, are given, viz., A.H.1080 by Siraj, Oude Catalogue, p. 151, 1081by Sarkhush, fol. 74, 1087 by Haj. Khal.,vol. iii. p. 290, and 1089 in Mir'at ul-'Alam,fol. 485.

Notices on Sa'ib will be found in theTa/kirah of Tahir, fol. 163, Mir'at ul-Khayal,fol. 65, Riyaz ush-Shu'arfi, fol. 260, Atash-kadah, fol. 16, Ouseley's Notices, p. 227, andSprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 385.

The Divan of Sa'ib has been lithographedin the press of Navalkishor, Lucknow, A.H.1292, with the title t-oLa oU< A smallcollection of select verses has been litho¬graphed in Lucknow, A.H. 1264, under thetitle of ^^.(5 ur >^ J \ and reprinted withthe title <__^Lo J^}^> Lucknow, 1871.

Contents : Ghazals, about 1800 in number,alphabetically arranged, fol. 3 b. Matali',or opening lines, in the same order, fol.313 b. Mutafarrikat, or detached lines,similarly arranged, fol. 323 b.

Copies of Sa'ib's Divan are mentioned inthe catalogues of Vienna, vol. i. p. 597,Upsala, p. 110, St. Petersburg, p. 398, andMunich, p. 38, and in the Ouselcy Collection,No. 19.

Add. 7806.Poll. 281; 8 in. by 4^ ; 17 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Nestalik, with 'Unviin andgold-ruled columns; dated Shavval, A.H.1166 (A.D. 1753). [CI. J. Rich.]

The Divan of Sa'ib, containing :—Pol. 1 b. Kasidahs in praise of the Imams,

094 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

and of the Shahs SafI, 'Abbas II., and Sulai-miin, beginning:

(j-^* ^y* Lf^

yfa- aib i-£Jb>-Ji<

Fol. 20 b. ka^' <-*?-\j>"What should belearnt by heart," a selection from the Gha-zals, Matali', or opening couplets, and Muta-farrikat, or detached lines, of Sa'ib, in twoalphabetical series.

Beg. \j Jtejj j> e^-J* ij& t->b,l )Fol. 141 a. A Masnavi in praise of Shah

'Abbas II., beginning:

j CâJj \j fjjjj ji

»bii c^: J \j»- j>.<y*>-

Fol. 146. Ju4 ! oT^, "The Mirror ofBeauty," another selection from the Dlvfmof Sa'ib, containing Ghazals, or detachedlines, descriptive of feminine charms, ar¬ranged in alphabetical order, under each ofthe following headings : Mirror, Eyebrow,Frown, Eye and Eye-lashes, etc.

Beg. ftijoT J/ \J [&Jî**-s}-J \r~> jbJ»\

In the preface of the Lucknow editionboth the above titles, Mir'at ul-Jamal andVajib ul-Hifz, are said to belong to a selec¬tion made in Sa'ib's lifetime, and under hisroof, by 'Amil'a of Balkh. The Mir'at ul-Jamal is mentioned in Stewart's Catalogue,p. 70.

Add. 7804,Foil. 308; 10 in. by 6; 16 lines, 2>\ in.

long ; written in a large Nestalik, about theclose of the 17th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

The Divan of Sa'ib, imperfect at the begin-ning, and containing only Ghazals in alpha¬betical order.

Add. 7803.Foil. 489; 9£ in. by 5£; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in fair Shikastah-amiz, pro¬bably early in the 18th century.

[01. J. Rich.]The Divan of Sa'ib, containing Ghazals in

alphabetical order, fol. 1 b. Kit/ahs andRuba'is, in one alphabetical scries, fol. 433 b.

Beg. \j U ajUL.* u >\ js> a

\j U> <6L.i\ Jy,j* ^—s.- jl

Or. 1223.Foil. 208; 8 in. by 4£; 21 lines, 2f in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins, probably early in the 18th century.

[Alex. Jaba.]Ghazals of Sa'ib, in alphabetical order.

Beg. tAj\Jt,jm*«>Uh uA*^ $ 4^ ^

id jUaj Jii j Û- Ua-j p2*>-At the end are some lines by a contem¬

porary poet, Nahifi, who states that he hadcollected and arranged these poems in theauthor's lifetime, and had completed thattask in A.H. 1066, a date expressed by thischronogram, i_o.be ^jifi •

Add. 24,001.Foil. 171; 8i in. by 5; 17 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unviin andgold-ruled margins ; dated Ramazan, A.H.1166 (A.D. 1753).

Ghazals of Sa'ib, in alphabetical order.

Beg. l^yc ^> jU\ ^ s * &_i f\V>^j.o tfjiJtt lai- y C-*U b JLlSso

Add. 25^828.Foil. 289; 9 in. by 5£; 15 lines, 3± in.

long; written in Nestalik, with *Unvan andruled margins; dated Thanesar, Safar, A.H.1119 (A.D. 1707). [Wm! Ccbbton.]

POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100. 095

Ghazals of Sa'ib, in alphabetical order, be¬ginning like the preceding MS.

Add. 7805.Foil. 76; 14$ in. by 8f; 27 lines, 2f in.

long, with a large number of additionallines in the margin; written in Nestalik,probably early in the 18th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]A portion of the Divan of Sa'ib, compris¬

ing Ghazals from letter \ to letter i, the lastincomplete.

Beg. iz jJi* ajU^J ]/> Lr0 ^.This collection is richer, as far as it goes,

than any of the preceding. It contains mar¬ginal additions, and some Turkish glosses.

Add. 7807.Foil. 176; 7^ in. by 4§; 15 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

jW* *VThe " Mirror of Beauty," a selection from

the Divan of Sa'ib ; see p. 694 a.

Egerton 705.Foil. 310 ; 8£ in. by 4±; 14 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the 18th cen¬tury.

u*lo oUS'The poetical works of Binish.Binish, a Kashmirian poet, whose proper

name was Isma'Il (see fol. 177 «), went,according to the Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 86,and the Atashkadah, fol. 165, from his nativecountry to Hindustan, and stayed in Dehli.Some of his poems are addressed to Safshi-

kan Khan (Muhammad Tahir), an Amir whowas raised to the Khanship in A.H. 1068,accompanied Aurangzib to Kashmir in thesixth year of the reign (A.H. 1073-4), anddied A.H. 1085. See Maagir ul-Umara, fol.371. Sarkhush, who wrote his Tazkirahabout A.H. 1100, speaks of Binish as dead.See the Oudc Catalogue, p. 110.

Contents : Fol. 1 b. jU^l J^*-?, a Mas-navi, in the measure of Nizami's Makhzanul-Asrar, treating of the virtues of the trueFakir, dedicated to Aurangzib.

Beg. *$»J\ ur%^j —!! d\

j»x«o nL> j t^£^

Fol. 46 b. Jly ^ } " The Treasure of theSoul," a Masnavi.

Beg. e^«>j\ jJIp <6 j^Uj

wto 0 \}J £^->It contains eulogies on Aurangzib, on

Mirza Muhammad Kasim Kirmani, Divan ofKashmir, and on Mir Jamshid Kashiini, thepoet's patron, descriptions of the four sea¬sons, and a Saki-Namah.

Fol. 86 b. t£~>^, " The Bouquet," aMasnavi treating of creation, and includingdescriptions of Kashmir and Lahore.

Beg. a*»>^_ "> ^l^uj-). «L*>jJi'

liJj i_ »■ ul**>>Ji*>-

Fol. 124 b. J^jyi,, " Stirring of Fancy,"a Masnavi, dedicated to Aurangzib, contain¬ing a story of two lovers, natives of Benares,with anecdotes and a eulogy on Isfahan.

Bc g- f-?lr J«> ViijU—taif **jJjl ^

Fol. 180 b. jt>/ fi££,j, " The String ofJewels," a Masnavi dedicated to Aurangzib,containing the story of Amir and Gauhar,two lovers of Sari in Mazandaran.

Beg. s^-"*1 j& <-^xib

^-O y>- \£^>y> ttZiitj

966 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

This poem is stated at the end, fol. 217 a,to he the last of the author's Khamsah.

Fol. 220 a. Ghazals in alphabetical order.

Beg. \j fti/ L-»y* <J J^"» ^ £f

\ *V ^liiTjjT ^Jj* ^Fol. 292 b. Kasidahs in praise of the

Imams, of Mirzfi Muhammad Kiisim, theDivan before mentioned, and of SafshikanKhan.

Beg. tj U £ia> y y

5j6=> VLi»T \.xi»T jiS

On the last page is written: " GeorgeCurttenden, Moorshedabad, Oct. 4th, 1785."

Or. 310.Foil. 137 ; 8 in. by 5±; 16 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Jainagar 5Sha'biin, the 20th year of 'Alamgir (A.H.1088, A.D. 1677). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

^ S

The Divan of Muhyi, containing Ghazalsof a religious character, alphabetically ar¬ranged, and a few Tarji's at the end.

Beg. aUi-yw cJlvr i/^

yj> \.yil»iV»-CLs.o.ZS'îij*>> ^JLi I

The Divan is ascribed in the subscriptionto Piran Pir Mir Muhyi ud-Dln Ghaug ul-A'zam, i.e. the famous saint Muhyi ud-Din 'Abd-ul-Kadir Jilam, who died A.H.561, and to whom the best authoritiesdo not attribute any poetical composition.It is distinct from a Divan containingthe same takhallus, and ascribed to thesame holy personage, which is noticed inthe Oude Catalogue, p. 501, and has beenlately lithographed in the press of Naval-kishor, without date. A Divan attributedto Ghaus. ul-A'zam is mentioned in Stewart'sCatalogue, p. 58.

Add. 23,613.Foil. 79; 8| in. by 4f; 11 lines, 3J in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins, apparently in the 18thcentury.

îr* <j!^The Divan of Sharif.

Beg. Ijbjii ÎXi b e^>~i v^«>.w

J=» CÛt ^x>-+> <*~>j b Ît contains Ghazals of a religious and

mystic character, in alphabetical order, witha few Rubais similarly arranged, fol. 76 b.

A Divan with the same beginning is de¬scribed in the Oude Catalogue, p. 567, ascontaining chronograms ranging from A.H.1089—1091. Its author is stated to havebeen a Vaki'ah-Navis, or ne ws-writer, attachedto Zabardast Khan.

Or. 309.Foil. 102; 8| in. by 5; 21 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, about the close ofthe 17th century. From the royal library ofLucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

u-jjO^ 0

The Divan of Majzub.

Beg. j-fcli jSm\ i&\ ^jjL? J3j

SS>\ZijXiir- j'i ^ &>■ £

Mir Muhammad, poetically called Majzub,is described by Tahir Nasirfibadi, writingabout A.H. 1083, fol. 145, as a young scholardevoted to Sufism, whose teaching was dailyattended by the students of Tabriz. He isalso mentioned in the Kisas ul-Khakfmi,written A.H. 1073, fol. 161, as a living poet,born in Tabriz, who had written poems inpraise of the Imams, a Masnavi of 3000 lines

POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100. 097

entitled Shall Rah i Najat, and Ghazals inwhich he followed Hafiz.

The present Divan contains some chrono¬grams relating to pilgrimages to Mecca andNajaf performed by the author and hisfather in A.H. 1060 and 1065, and to thedeath of the latter in A.H. 1066. Atthe end is found the following Ruba'i, whichgives A.H. 1093 as the date of Majziib'sdeath :

A

ti^V" i-r'j* 3?

^lls- tji^.V iij—i |HH*^ f^-i

*r $ Lr> [-h g/->^Jl—S- j<i iSyal IJLiSa

There must therefore be some error in thefollowing chronogram quoted by Tahir, andin Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 439, according towhich the Shahrah i Najat would have beencompleted A.H. 1006, a date which canhardly be reconciled with those above stated :

ci- s&\ j£l1»a£=> L^ta ola2 j)j»U.

Contents: KasTdahs in praise of the Imams,fol. 2 b. Ghazals alphabetically arranged,fol. 10 a. Mukhammas, Tarjl'-bands, Mag-navis, and Kit'ahs, fol. 91 b. Ruba'is, fol.98 b.

See the Oude Catalogue, pp. 131, 479.

Add. 19,624.Toll. 115; 9| in. by 6|; 18 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Benares,Muharram, A.H. 1182 (A.D. 1768).

[Samuel Lee.]

CL^b J^ju*0

The love-story of Kamrup and Kamlata,a Magnavi.

Author : Muhammad Murad, t+s?

Beg. ^ ^U. »jl5 \&>j\j)J>-

<J ufcjj Jj* <J*i>" ±4Beginning with a panegyric on his patron,

Ilimmat Khan, to whose literary assemblieshe was admitted, the poet relates how in oneof these Himmat Khan had read the touchingtale of Kamrup, written by himself in prose,and had desired him to put it into verso.Himmat Khan, we are further told, diedshortly after, and the author found somesolace in composing the present poem as amonument to his memory. The date of itscompletion, A.H. 1096, is expressed by thischronogram at the end:

»KT e^Jii' {Jm j C^jyo j>\

(jl-A-j (ji-^k-i- £j^->The name of the heroine is inverted for

the convenience of the metre to ^Q.Mir 'Isa, son of Islam Khan Badakhshi,

received the title of Himmat Khan in thefirst year of Aurangzib, with whom he was agreat favourite, and was raised in the 24thyear to the post of Mir Bakhshi. He died inAjmir, A.H. 1092. Himmat Khan was pas¬sionately fond of Persian and Hindi poetry,and used the poetical surname of Miran. SeeMaiigir ul-Umara, fol. 577 a, and Tazkiratul-Umara, fol. 106.

The Dastur i Himmat is ascribed to Him¬mat Khan himself by Garcin de Tassy,Litterature Hind., 2nd edition, vol. i. p. 213.

Add. 7812.Poll. 255 ; 9|- in. by 5$; 17 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in Nestalik, apparently aboutthe close of the 17th century.

[01. J. Rich.]

(jjjpThe Divan of Va'iz.Beg. \t>J6 Jtjifi y ^liita Ji ^\

U,Lj*l t->T j3 ji c_Jli-M M

098 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

Mirza Eafr ud-Dln Muhammad B. PathUllah Kazvlni, poetically surnamed Vaiz,lived in Isfahan during the reigns of 'Ab¬bas II. and Shah Sulaiman, and is chiefly-known as the author of Abvab ul-Jinan, avast collection of the traditional sayings ofthe Imams, the first volume of which hasbeen printed in Teheran, A.H. 1374. Sar-khush, writing in A.H. 1093, speaks of him(fol. 137, and Oudc Catalogue, p. 114) as stillliving; and it is stated in the Riyaa ush-Shu'ara, fol. 500, that he died in the earlypart of the reign of Sultan Husain, i.e.shortly after A.H. 1105. The date A.H.1082 assigned to his death by Siraj, OudeCatalogue, p. 151, is not consistent with thefact that his Divan contains chronograms aslate as A.H. 1088. See also Atashkadah,fol. 107, and the Oude Catalogue, p. 587.

Contents: Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 1 b. Detached lines, fol. 1G0 b. Kasi-dahs, fol. 172 6, beginning:

jjT cjjLs- J* L^jjjy J b»\ ju>J\yr \, j~i L^,

This last section contains pieces in praiseof Muhammad and each of the twelve Imams,of 'Abbas II. and Shah Sulaiman, and a IV-ziyah on the martyrdom of Husain. In oneof these, fol. 215 a, the author begs the Shahto be excused from accepting an office con¬ferred upon him at Court, and says that,after spending nearly fifty years in anxiouscares, he wished to pass the rest of his life inretirement.

Rubais on moral and religious subjects,fol. 217 b. Chronograms relating to privateor public events, with dates ranging fromA.H. 1030 to 1088, fol. 229 b. Three shortMasnavis, fol. 248 b.

See Bibliotheca Sprenger., No. 1517.

Add. 7810.Poll. 170; 101 j n . by 6; 17 lines, 3£ in.

long ; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins; dated Rabi* I., A.H. 1132 (A.D.1720). [01. J. Rich.]

jjj^iThe Divan of Shaukat.

Beg. \j ^ J jfjm ulii, ^\h a.o a JA> ^

Khwajah Shaukat, of Bukhara, went toHerat in A.H. 1088, and entered the serviceof the Beglerbegi of the province, Saf i KuliKhan Shamlu. He afterwards repaired toMashhad, where he was well received byMirza Sa'd ul-Din Muhammad, Vazir of Kho-rasan, and ultimately settled in Isfahan,where he spent his latter years as a religiousmendicant, and died, according to Hazin,fol. 28, A.H. 1107. See Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 250, Sarkhush, fol. 73, and the OudeCatalogue, p. 508.

Contents: Ghazals and Mukatta'at, ar¬ranged in alphabetical order, according tothe rhyme and to the initial letter of eachpiece, fol. 1 b. Ruba'is, the last of which givesa chronogram for A.H. 1093, the date of thecollection of the Divan, fol. 153 b. Kasi-dahs, mostly in praise of Imam Riza, and ofthe above-named Sa'd ud-Dln, fol. 150 b.

See Krafft's Catalogue, p. 09, and Ouse-ley's Collection, No. 85.

Copyist:

Or. 290.Poll. 209 ; 10i in. by 0; 15 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the19th century. Prom the royal library ofLucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The same Divan.

Or. 347.Poll. 79; 7| in.

long ; written inby 51; 13 lines,Shikastah-amiz

H ^.dated

POETRY.—AH. 1000—1100. G99

Zulliijjah, the fourth year of Ahmad Shah(A.D. 1751), A.II. 1164. Prom the royallibrary of Lucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

^ J JY°

The story of two Indian lovers, Manoharand Madhumnlat, a Magnavi.

Author: Razi,

Beg. \j i^»> ^ tajjUi-)j f^L* j» U L»1 jisj

Mir 'Askari, who came of a family ofSayyids settled in Khwiif, Khorasan, but wasborn in India, took the poetical surname ofRazi from his spiritual instructor ShaikhBurhiln ud-Din Raz i Hah!. He was anearly follower and favourite companion ofPrince Aurangzib, who on his accessionbestowed upon him the title of 'Akil Khan.In the 24th year of the reign (A.H. 1091—2)he was appointed governor of the provinceof Dehli, and discharged that office till hisdeath. He died at the age of eighty-two, inthe month of Rabi' II., A.H. 1108. 'AkilKhan left a Divan, and several Magnaviscomposed in his youth, which are mentionedin the Hamishah Bahar, Oude Catalogue,p. 123. He is also the author of the Zafar-namah i 'Alamgiri, a copy of which, wronglyascribed to Amir Khan, has been describedabove, p. 265 a.

See Tarikh i Muhammadi, fol. 235, Sar-khush, fol. 48, Mir'at ul-Khayal, fol. 135,Ma'agir ul-Umara, fol. 387, Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 69, Riya"? ush-Shu'ara, fol. 192,Ouselcy's Notices, p. 167, and the OudeCatalogue, p. 543.

The present poem was composed, as statedin the conclusion, A.H. 1065. In the pro¬logue the author sings the praises of hisspiritual guide, Shah Burhan ud-Din, andstates that he had substituted in his versionMihr and Mali for the original names of thelovers.

The Mihr u Mali has been lithographed inLucknow, 1846.

Or. 315.Poll. 143; 8£ in. by 4£; 19 lines, 2\ in.

long; written in Nestalik, early in the 18thcentury. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

Js- jck itfjjjpThe Divan of Nasir 'AIL

Be s- Jii fit »> ^y>-j uV^jli^j* j>

This poet, who uses sometimes Nasir 'Ah,but mostly 'Ali, as his takhallus, was born,and spent a great part of his life, in Sirhind.Two Amirs of the reign of Aurangzib, SaifKhan Badakhshi, governor of Sirhind, andthe Amir ul-Umara Zulfakar Khan, arementioned as his patrons. He led the lifeof a devotee, and was as eminent in Sufismas in poetry. After travelling through manyparts of Hindustan and the Deccan, he tookhis abode in Dehli, where he stayed until hisdeath. Sarkhush, who lived in his intimacy,and collected his Divan, states, fol. 88, thathe died on the 6th of Ramazan, A.H. 1108,a date adopted by all later writers, but addsa chronogram of his own composition (J* »Tc^J, ij** jjl*?, which gives A.H. 1109. SeeMir'at ul-Khayal, fol. 160, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 313, Tclrikh i Muhammadi, fol. 235,Khulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 197, Naghmah i'Andalib, fol. 126, and the Oude Catalogue,pp. 126, 151, and 329.

Contents: A religious poem called Mas-navi, divided into two Daftars, fol. 2 b. Itcontains in the prologue a eulogy onAurangzib, and, further on, fol. 48, a referenceto the author's age, which was then fifty-two. It breaks off on fol. 53, and is followedby a few short Magnavis. See the cataloguesof Leyden, vol. ii. p. 107, and of Gotha, p. 80.Kasidahs in praise of Muhammad, of the

M M 2

700 POETRY.—A.H. 1000—1100.

Indian saint Abu 'AIT Kalandar, and of theauthor's patron, Saif Khan (Badakhshi), fol.59 a.

Beg. JU?-ji« ^yt-

*£j> J jr*

Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol. 67 a.Beg. U V tJ1*^* :<'

Vlr* V ^ *^ j Vi 3*

Bubals with a few Kit'ahs, also in alpha¬betical order, fol. 118 b.

The Divan of Nasir 'Ali has been litho¬graphed in Lucknow, 184*4, and A.H. 1281.

Or. 352.Foil. 61; 7 in. by 4£; 11 lines, 2§ in.

long ; written in Shikastah-amiz ; datedBenares, the 44th year of Aurangzlb, i.e.A.H. 1111—1112 (A.D. 1700).


Masnavis by Nasir 'Ali.

Beg. ^ jy« J ^ 3J \»}&1 f& J* ^

The first contains a description of Kashmir.The longest, fol. 17—61, is a portion of theMasnavi above described, corresponding toOr. 315, foil. 3 6—32 a.

The margins of foil. 2—10 contain thefirst part of a Masnavi on the love-storyof Prince Manohar j&ji* jyJ> and PrincessMadhumalat cJUy^*.

Beg. *j>- »jU

â£-\ CJyas- J*il»The tale is stated to have been taken from

a Hindu poem written by Shaikh Jamman.

\j*r ji tjjj*

y> Siiy {jj&lb

Add. 25,827.Poll. 112 ; 91 in. by 5^; 15 lines, 3 in.

long ; written in plain Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century. [Wm. Cureton.]

The Divan of Nafir 'Ali, containing Gha¬zals, Kit'ahs and Fardiyyat in one alpha¬betical series.

Beg. C*Jl»»- i 3J ullx* ^\

lÛLi OL> yjj J\&

Or. 301.Poll. 64.; 8| in. by 6 ; 15 lines, 3J in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyin the 19th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton. J

Ci*îPThe Divan of Ghanimat.

Beg. \* Owi" y l.-'U?'1 **j>A*»» ^

lis vz—i.^ t^^fc y J <j>*j>Muhammad Akram, poetically styled Gha¬

nimat, a native of Ganjah, or, according toothers, of Kusiir, Panjab, was a Sufi of theKadiri order, and a pupil of the poet Muham¬mad Zaman Rasikh, of Lahore, who diedA.H. 1107. He was some time attached toMukarram Khan (Mir Muhammad Ishak),who filled the post of Nazim of Lahore fromthe 39th to the 41st year of Aurangzib(A.H. 1106—8 ; see Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol.94). Ghanimat left, besides his Divan, aMasnavi composed A.H. 1096, and entitledNairang i Ishk, or Shahid u 'Aziz, which isvery popular in India, and has been litho¬graphed in Lucknow about A.H. 1263. SeeSarkhush, fol. 97, Riyaz ush-Shuara, fol.322, Tazkirah i Husaini, fol. 95, Mir'atAftabnuma, fol. 146, Naghmah i 'Andalib,fol. 133, and the Oude Catalogue, pp. 127,410.

The Divan consists only of Ghazals, inalphabetical order.

POETRY.—All. 1100—1200. 701

Add. 7779.Foil. 192; 7^ in. by 4|; 17 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins, about the close of the 17th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]

^JafrThe Divan of 'Azlm.

'Azim or 'Azimfi, of Nlshapur, who has beenmentioned, p. 690 «, as the brother of Fauj I,lived in Khorasan, and died, according to theMirTitus-Safa,fol. 223, A.H. 1110, or, as statedin Naghmah i 'AndalTb, fol. 124, A.H. 1111.The statement of the RiyHz ush-Shu'ara,that 'AzTm was appointed Divan of Lahoreby Shahjahan rests on a confusion. Sarkhush,the poet's contemporary, asserts distinctlythat he never came to India (see the OudcCatalogue, p. 113), nor is there in his Divanany trace of a residence in that country.

The laudatory poems arc addressed to ShahSulaiman (A.H. 1077—1105), and to twoAmirs who resided at Nlshapur, viz. Bairam'All Khan, who died in A.H. 1071 (see fol.140 a), and his son Muhammad Ibrahim.The dates of various chronograms containedin the Divan range from A.H. 1055 (fol.140 a) to A.H. 1082 (fol. 190 b). Comparethe Oude Catalogue, p. 358.

The contents are as follows :

Fol. 1 b. ^ia& jy, a Magnavi treating ofthe creation of the world and the nature ofman.

Be S- J^> 3" /» ptoH

^j-W l_* yLiiU j»\

•Azim wrote it in Kandahar (see fol. 82 b),some time after the death of his father KaidI,in A.H. 1064 (see fol. 91 a). The prologuecontains eulogies on the Shah ('Abbas II.),on Mirza Sa'd ud-Din Muhammad, Vazir ofKhorasan, and on Safi Kuli Khan (son ofZulfakar Khan, governor of Kandahar),

Beglerbeg of that province (see foil. 54 a,55 b).

Fol. 99 b. Kasldahs and Tarkib-bands,mostly in praise of the Imams.

Beg. yXifi Jj J> &\ f~i ) <^s-jj^j lJ^J>\ jii j££>

Fol. 137 a. Kit/ahs and Tarikhs.Fol. 142 b. Ghazals in alphabetical order.

Beg. y W W ±Z> $j U ^

u / y J > T 3* } UFol. 190 b. Mansiyah on Mir Abul-

Hasan, and a few Ruha'is.

Or. 334.

Foil. 242 ; 10 in. by 6 ; 21 lines, 3£ in.long; written in Naskhi in two columns,about the close of the 17th century.


&*UA versified sketch of general and Indian

history, in the metre of the Shahnamah.

Author: Fanfi'I, ^.ii

Beg. oSy j yVj'jj^ c^-

J>/ j ^ b ^

This is the first volume jl* only ofan extensive work, which, according to theprologue, was intended to comprise the his¬tory of the prophets and of the ancient kingsof Kashmir, Kabul, Sind, Bengal, the Dcccan,Ujjain, and Hindustan. The author, who isnot otherwise known, begins with eulogieson his spiritual guide, Shaikh Lukman B.Shaikh'Usman Khalil Sulaimani, and on thereigning sovereign, Aurangzlh. As he refersincidentally to the conquest of Bljapur andGolconda by the latter, he must have writtenafter A.H. 1099.

702 POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200.

The present volume contains an account ofthe creation of the world, of the prophetsfrom Adam to Lukman, and of the early-kings of Persia.

Or. 1217.Poll. 434; 9£ in. by 5^; 15 lines, 3} in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedA.H. 1532 (for 1132, A.D. 1720).

[Alex. Jaba]

A versified treatise comprising an intro¬duction on the creed, and four books treatingof the laws of purification, prayer, legal almsand fasting, according to the Hanaf i school.

Beg. aljpl j, ±f\2 ^

lib ^U^jPThe author, whose name does not appear,

was originally, according to his own state¬ment, an illiterate Uzbak in the king's ser¬vice, but had been enlightened, and affiliatedto the Nakshabandi order, by Shaikh Nauruz.He completed the first book in A.H. 1111,and the second A.H. 1112. In his conclu¬sion he adds that he was postponing thecomposition of a fifth book on pilgrimageuntil he had himself performed that sacredrite, but that he was yet prevented by theprevailing stats of impiety and lawlessnessfrom carrying that design into execution.

In a lithographed edition of this work,printed in Lucknow A.H. 1290, the authoris called in the subscription Sufi IlahyarKhan, ^Is-jbaM

Or. 311.

Poll. 192; 9 in. by 5£; 12 lines, 3 in.long ; written in Shikastah-amiz, with 'Un-van and gold-ruled margins, in the 18th cen¬tury. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

if* ^The Divan of Makhfi.

Peg. U y r> uuJU^lj J\V* ^j^.ii jila* <J1*K.1& fjj&zf

Makhfi is the poetical surname of Zib un-Nisa Begam, the eldest child of Aurangzib, aprincess celebrated for her high literaryattainments and her liberal patronage of menof learning. She was born A.H. 1048, anddied in Dehli on the 10th of Muharram, A.H.1114. See Tarikh i Muhammadi, fol. 237,Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 444, Maasir 'Alamgiri,pp. 462, 539, Gul i Ra'nS, fol. 79, Naghmah'Andalib, fol. 89, and the Oude Catalogue,p. 480.

Contents: Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 1 b. Tarji'- and Tarkib-bands, fol. 149 b.Kasidahs, fol. 174 b. Mukhammasat, fol.189 a.

The Divan of Makhfi has been litho¬graphed in Cawnpore, A.H. 1268, and inLucknow, A.H. 1284.

Add. 25,826.Poll. 136; 10i in. by 6£j 17 lines, 4 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, in the 18thcentury. [Wm. Cuheton.]

The same Divan.The first page bears the name of Turner

Macan.

Add. 16,790.Poll. 102; 9± in. by 6; 15 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia; dated Jumadii I., A.H. 1219 (A.D.1804). [Wm. Yule.]

J* w&pThe Divan of Nimat Khan 'Ali.

Beg. $\ jl «*->U

V!^*" <Jjj S-^J M 8****^ fatt-i

POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200. 703

Ni'mat Khan 'All, who has "been alreadymentioned, pp. 268 b and 272 a, was the sonof Hakim Path ud-Din Shlrazi. He is statedin the Tarikh i Muhammadi, fol. 245, to havedied in Dehli, on the first of Babi' I., A.H.1122. Notices on his life are to be found inthe Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 316, the Tazkirahi Husaini, fol. 92, and Naghmah i 'Andalib,fol. 128.

This copy contains only Ghazals, in alpha-hctical order.

A Divan, including also Kit/ahs, chrono¬grams, and riddles, is described under thetitle of ^y- in the Oude Catalogue,p. 328. See Stewart's Catalogue, p. 74, theOuseley Collection, No. 257, and BibliothecaSprenger., No. 1374.

Or. 317.Poll. 203; 7i in. by 3£; 9 lines, 2\ in.

long; written in Shikastah-amiz; datedShahjahanabad, Sha'ban, A.H. 1247 (A.D.1832). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The Divan of Ni'mat Khan 'All, contain¬ing Gbazals in alphabetical order, but differ¬ing from the preceding copy in contents andarrangement.

Beg. \j i_jAl»* *\j J> ju» d\ j^-j wli- <j\\j c-*^y»laa-j j\ uJp- j\ j\j>

Copyist: er~» o^y

Add. 16,789.Poll. 121; 94 in. by 6 ; 15 lines, 4| in.


Two compositions of the same Ni'matKhan 'All, viz.:

I. Pol. 16. A Masnavi, containing moraltales and apologues.

Beg. j\ e:—* \£J>Z> j ±+>-

\2+tttj\ (_^-& j> ^JLjb

See the Oude Catalogue, p. 329.The author's Kulliyat are described in

Stewart's Catalogue, p. 74.

IT. Pol. 108 b. jfls- j "Beautyand Love," a tale in mixed prose and verse.

Beg. ^L_j 4_jOj jlc- (.Lo.Jo-Jty ji> LT>T ilSi) &

It has been published in Lucknow, 1842,and 1873, and printed, with a commentaryby Imambakhsh, in Dehli, 1844. See Biblio¬theca Sprenger., No. 1621-2, and Zenker,vol. ii. p. 51.

Egerton 698.Poll. 72 ; 9£ in. by 6± ; 14 lines ; written

in Indian Nestalik; dated Zulhijjah, A.H.1218 (A.D. 1804). [Adam Clarke.]

The Magnavi mentioned in the precedingMS., art. L

Copyist: jaU ^ ^ ^


long; written in neat Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins; dated A.H. 1200(A.D. 1706). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

A*b Ja5

Pil-Namah, also called JjJ

Beg. u i."> J^-J a* ^Us- ,Lij

(^fcii s\£ s^OjS- j& '^r^3 i^Jj

The author, who appears to have been adependent of Jahandar Shah, describes achase in the forest of Nanparah, Oude, inwhich that prince, then heir presumptive,had a victorious encounter with a formidablewild elephant. He designates himself in thefollowing verse, fol. 20 b,

704 POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200.

jfej^. jtf jjjVwb r fc J6j

Hj> ^ ^ki* J 5)by the name of Rain, which may have beenhis takhallus, and, complaining of his evilstar which had banished him from Court,begs to be taken into the royal service.

Jahandar Shah ascended the throne inMuharram A.H. 1124.

Egerton 686.Toll. 376; 13£ in. by 9£ ; 22 lines, Gf in.

long; written in four columns in Nestalik,apparently in the 18th century.

Lfj^>- J &W>-

A poetical account of the life of Muham¬mad and the first Khalifs, principally foundedon the Ma'arij un-Nubuvvat (see p. 149 a).

Author : Bfizil, Jib

Beg. J^z- J—x —? A-SjU-i* A-^-i

LT^ j^-^ J U"^ U?^ 3 Lr^ ^jh

Mirza Muhammad Rafi\ poetically surnamedBazil, and entitled Rafi' Khan, was the son ofMirza Mahmud, who with his brother Mu¬hammad Tahir, afterwards Vazir Khan, wentfrom his native city, Mashhad, to India in thereign of Shab.jah.an. Rafi", who was born inDehli, was attached as Divan to the staffof Prince Mu'izz ud-Din, whose mother wasa sister of his own, and subsequently obtainedthe post of governor of Gualiyar. Havinglost the latter office after the death of Au-rangzib, he retired to Dehli, where he diedA.H. 1123 or 1124. The first date is givenby Siraj, Oude Catalogue, p. 150, and fixedby the chronogram ^ quotedin the Riyaz ush-Shuara; the second isfound in Mir'at us-Safa, fol. 222, and Tarikhi Muhammadi, fol. 246. See also Mir'at Ja-hfmnuma, fol. 324, Mir'at Aftabnuma, fol.

137, Maasir ul-TJmara, fol. 575, Khulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 30, and the Oude Catalogue,p. 368.

Bazil did not live to complete his work,which is here finished by another hand.The original poem comes to an abrupt ter¬mination, fol. 315, shortly after the account of'Usman's assassination. The continuator, whocalls himself Najaf, states in the next-follow¬ing lines that at that point the poet's handwas stayed by death. He adds that he hadlong entertained the thought of completingthe work, when he became, A.H. 1135, thefortunate possessor of a poem written, longbefore Basil's time, by a Sayyid Abu Talibin Isfahan, which contained the history of'Ali from the point at which Bazil hadleft off, and found that it tallied so well withthe Hamlah, that, by adding it to the un¬finished poem, he was able to produce acomplete and uniform whole.

This continuation, which begins with 'Ali'saccession to the Khilafat, was apparentlybrought down to his death; but it breaks offin the present copy, a little before the end.

The present poem is quite distinct from apoetical history of 'All, which bears the sametitle, and has been twice lithographed inPersia, A.H. 1264 and 1270. This last waswritten in A.H. 1220 by Mulla Bamun 'Ali

^Lo (Mumin 'All ?) KirmanT, poeti¬cally called Rajl, by order of the ShahzadahIbrahim Khan. See the Journal of the As.Soc. of Bengal, vol. 21, p. 535.

The Hamlah i Haidari of Bazil has beenlithographed in Lucknow, A.H. 1267.

The first page of the MS. bears the nameand the Persian seal of General Carnac.

Egerton 1037.Poll. 312; 121 in. by 7£; 18 lines, 5 in.

long; written in two columns, in a cursiveIndian character, apparently in the 18thcentury.

POETRY.—A.

The first half of the same work, cor¬responding to foil. 1—187 of the precedingcopy.

Egerton 1038,Foil. 134; 15 in. by 8|; 21 lines, 6 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, in fourcolumns; dated Safar, A.II. 1207 (A.D.1792).

The second half of the same poem, cor¬responding to foil. 187—315 of Egerton680.

Copyist : ^ybj ^ ^

Add. 25,806.Foil. 300; Hi in. by GJ ; 23 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in cursive Indian Shikastah-fimiz, in four columns; dated Lucknow, Zul-hijjah, A.H. 1206 (A.D. 1791).

[Wm. Cureton.]The same work, with a continuation by

Azad, foil. 316—360, which contains the his¬tory of Ali from his accession to his death,and begins thus:

Jiii jû ,_yUo

0.««U-**» ^j.J.j j JOjUs-

Aziid, who has been mentioned p. 373 a,slates in the prologue that, after completinghis Dilkushri-Namah (see p. 719 b), he hadbeen desired by Muhammad Eakhr ud-Din Khan, a cousin of Bazil, to completethe unfinished work of the latter.

Copyist: ^jyOj ObU» *tj»j j\ ^ l-Jjas?

Add. 7809.Poll. 99; 9 in. by 4|; 14 lines, 2| in. long;

written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan and gold-ruled margins, in the 18th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]uJli*M jyu*0

" The Model of the Chaste," a tale in Mas-navi rhyme,

vol. ii.

II. 1100—1200. 705

Author: Turab, t-jyBeg. ,j y&Stt *SoT Ay

C*,JlSj jJ> j j\ Ai_j

The author, who praises in the pro¬logue the reigning sovereign, Shah Sul-tan-Husain, states that his purpose had beento write a strictly moral tale, fit to be read byold and young. The story, which is borrowedfrom the Kafi of Kullini, records the trials,and eventual triumph, of a virtuous woman,exposed to the obsessions of a wicked Kazi,her husband's brother.

The title and date of composition, A.H.1126, are stated in the following lines, fol.98 b:

l»,kU £>J (jil jwli- jî

pyttyQ lw*>-U»l (jijlijdl jjXu>&-)

eâ-» \j p,j\3 j*y£ u5 j>. p±j

eâ^ j,^;* W T JL* j-<c->.j

The fly-leaf boars the title oU^j3\ J-ail

Add. 16,795.Poll. 168; 1\ in. by 4£; 12 lines, 2% in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins, in the 18th century.

[Wm. Yule.]J*The Divan of 'Ali.

Beg. Jab ifj> ^ j\ liJjSto d3 L Jcu«»lSi^Ji> Ji> **>j> c-ftlio j,

Mirza Abul-Ma'ali, poetically surnamed'Ali, came of a noble family of Nishapiir, whichtraced its origin to Parid ud-Din 'Attar. Hewas a Sufi and an eminent scholar, and livedat the court of Parrukhsiyar, from whomhe received the title of Vizarat Khan. SeeMushafI, fob 67, Hamishah Bahar, OudeCatalogue, p. 126, and Garcin de Tassy, Litt.Hind., vol. i. p. 191.

N N

70G POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200.

Contents: Kasidahs, and Kit'ahs, includingclironograms, fol. 1 b. Ghazals in alpha¬betical order, fol. 23 a. Ruba is and Fardiy-yat, fol. 164 b.

The Divan contains some pieces addressedto Farrukhsiyar, and chronograms rangingfrom A.H. 1121 to 1127, and relating for themost part to births and marriages in theimperial family.

Or, 313.Foil. 119; 1\ in. by 4^; 15 lines, 2J in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins, for Uzbak Khan, son of KipchakKhun; dated Multan, Zulka'dah, A.H. 1142,(A.D. 1730). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

i_ a.xa.J-« 5

The Divan of Munsif.

Beg. I3j<s &1^jLj j o.ii'b fjLaj ^jS) ki-

The poet gives his proper name, FazilKhan, in the following chronogram, fol. 146,relating to the building of his house inLahore, A.H. 1117 :

\J^%Jo i_iffLU Uii'^li- J<eb joli- iil_jT jLj

lie appears to have been attached to theservice of 'Abd us-Samad Khan Dilir Jang,to whom several of his Kasidahs are ad¬dressed, and to whose victory over the Sikhs,in A.H. 1127, he refers fol. 9 a. See Spren-ger, Oudc Catalogue, p. 507.

'Abd us-Samad Khan distinguished himselfunder Farrukhsiyar by the capture of theSikh chief Bandu, and was rewarded for hissuccess with the Subahdari of Lahore andMultan. See Ta/kirat ul-Umara, fol. 72.

Contents: Kasidahs, fol. 2 b. Ghazalsin alphabetical order, fol. 14 b. Ruba'issimilarly arranged, fol. 132 b.

Add. 25,822.Foil. 166; 8| in. by 5; 17 lines, 2| in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedfrom the camp of Nizam ul-Mulk Asafjah,near the fort of Ausa (Owsa), DcccanSha'ban, A.H. 1145 (A.D. 1733).

[Wm. Cuketon.]

J j^Ufl J^C< \jjc (j\ Jr^ u-jU^'Selection from the Divan of Bidil.

Beg. Us- i—jlj^jl L?;la«» e£ uA-i*Ljb» t-jl^^ djh f-Sj-& 'aJaJLi j

Mirza 'Abd ul-Kadir, poetically surnamedBidil, is by common consent the greatestIndian poet of the last century; but Persiancritics find fault witli him for his unidiomaticphraseology. He was of Turkish extraction,belonging to the Chaghatai tribe of Arlat,but was born in 'Azimabad (Patna). Heis described as a man of herculean strengthand proud spirit. Having been attached inhis youth to the service of Prince MuhammadA'zam Shah, he chose to leave it rather thanto prostitute his talent by lauding his patron,as he was required to do, and led hencefortha free and independent life, dwelling mostlyin Dehli, where his house was the commonresort of all lovers of poetry, and where hedied in A.H. 1133 at the age of seventy-nine.His collected works are said to amount tomore than a hundred thousand lines.

Notices on Bidil are found in Mir'at ul-Khayal, foil. 257—268, Sarkhush, fol. 19,Mushafi, fol. 25, Husaini, fol. 29, Tarikh iMuhammadi, fol. 253, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 83, Khulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 35, Naghmahi 'Andalib, fol. 50. Compare Sprenger, OudoCatalogue, p. 378, and Garcin de Tassy,Litt. Hind., vol. i. p. 314.

A volume entitled J^.; Obj/, litho¬graphed in Lueknow, A.H. 1287, comprisesthe Nikat, Ruka'at, Divan, and Chahar'Unsur.

POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200. 707

The present MS. contains Gliazals inalphabetical order, fol. 3 b, Ruba'is, simi¬larly arranged, fol. 134 a, and Mukhammasiit,fol. 146 b.

Add. 7093.Foil. 332: 9$ in. by 5^; 17 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Eajab, the4th year of the reign (of Farrukhsiyar = A.II.1128, A.D. 171G).

A poem treating of Sufi doctrines, byMirza Bidil.

Beg. C^%j wUli- )\ J^c-CL+&ij j.Slfr ciAi, uSi* jc>sS\

It is divided into numerous sections, eachof which has a Masnavi distich for its rubric.

The author states at the end that thepoem consists of eleven thousand lines, andgives the date of its completion, A.H. 1124,in the following chronogram:

f/j* J ] £j lJ\>a»

Copyist: jtj/i j&\On the first page is a note stating that the

MS. had been bought in A.H. 1159 byMirza Muhammad, son of Mu'tamad Khan;also the Persian seal of Archibald Swinton,with the date 1174.

Add. 7094,Foil. 167; 9{ in. by 5£; 15 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in cursive Indian Nestalik;dated A.H. 1135, the fourth year of Muham¬mad Shah (A.D. 1710).

^~i)\jt^}i\

The "Gardens of Insight," a Masnavicontaining precepts on spiritual life, illus¬trated by anecdotes of the patriarchs andsome celebrated saints.

Author: Maulavi 'All Asghar B. 'Abd us-Samad, ^waM j-p ^ jk*>\ ^ ^y>y>

Beg. Ub j> j ityfj y. \j\<&- j-« &>.<j> c**>-y? J jthh ^ 3 LT^' 3 c/T

The above title and author's name arefound in the subscription. From the follow¬ing words, which are appended to the latter,

£\ luifr ft'ib.Uib _j ajl^j JljJ it wouldappear that \AH Asghar was alive at the dateof transcription, and that the transcriber,who calls himself (_soJ ; <« yjo^* ci*^^^D 1, was one of his disciples.


long; written in Indian Nestalik, in the18th century. [Nath. B. Haliied. 1

***i\j>

The Divan of Kiisim Divanah.

Beg. lojKjii ^J^.jy^ C^ff-jlLo \j ^3^ ^* j m y

Mulla Kasim, a native of Mashhad, studiedin Isfahan, and became a pupil of Mirza Sa'ib.He subsequently went to India, where hewas apparently still living in A.H. 1136.Sec the Hamishah Bahar, Oude Catalogue,p. 128, Sarkhush, fol. 107, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 372, Mir'at Aftabnuma, fol." 152, Husaini,fol. 108, and the Oude Catalogue, p. 533.

His nickname Divanah, or madman, wasprobably due to the use he made of thatword in the first line of one of his Ghazals:

\j wlyj J£ , c-jT J^»^3j aja\j ail*** fin^CxJt ,J0 ijZ}*-

Contents: Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 1 b. A Masnavi, fol. 105 b. Rubais,fol. 108 a.

Copyist: qZ»N N 2

708 POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200.

Add. 25,805.Foil. 172; 12 in. by 8\ ; 19 lines, 5| in.

long; written in a cursive Indian hand infour columns, in the 18th century; muchdamaged by fire in 1865. [Wm. Cureton.]

cfjj<A>oA poem on the life and warlike deeds of

'All.Author: Hikmat,

Beg. a^J 6 J-^*" fî^fy* S JJL^^_ ju*>

The author, whose proper name wasMuhibb 'AH Khan, wrote this poem, as hestates in the prologue, in order to complete theunfinished Hamlah i HaidarT (see -p. 704 a).He was evidently a Shi'ah of the most rabidstamp, and never mentions Abu Bakr or'Uinar without calling them hog, dog, orsimilar names.

A passage of the conclusion, in whichA.H. 1143 was given as the date of compo¬sition, is now lost.

Add. 7808.Foil. 201; lOf in. by 5£; 19 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Shikastak-amiz, in the 18thcentury. fCl. J. Rich.]

A poem on the history of Ffitimah, accord¬ing to Shi'ah tradition, by the same Hikmat,with a continuation.

Beg. ^,^s. jbjg. .jijUi.^ 3 *t^J&3

Hikmat, who commenced this poem, asstated in the prologue, after completing theSaulat i Safdari, left it unfinished.

The continuation, entitled ^lali _y,foil. 38 6-201 a, is by Hazik jpU, who inthe prose preface prefixed to the first partcalls himself l-u-jAJ! ^>16 } s-s^\ ^ ^s?

liiUJl jil* yllaLJI u-AV v^'** 31Bes Ui- \ Jj is- V

(* ¥ J

iU- _jj iCiU oT,—* »6

Hazik states that he was a native ofShushtar, fol. 194, that he had previouslywritten a history of prophets and saints, fol.188 «, and that he was upwards of seventyyears of age when he composed the presentpoem, fol. 194, which he completed in thespace of four months, while performing atoilsome and a dangerous journey.

On the first page is written, by a later hand,the following title, which does not appear inthe text:

4-**!) u 1 v^j 1*^ **** u* £^jj^M AjJ (_vals2 JjiWj

Add. 25,831.Foil. 48; 6| in. by 4J; 6 lines in a page ;

written in Nestalik, in the 18th century.[Wm. Cureton. J

îUi]^ ^>JoA collection of detached distichs describ¬

ing the charms of the female breast.Author: Allah Virdi Khan Fayyaz,

U»\* w^S'tuBeg. Ujj »U (jJj** j<i jjiilL-i jii

Lfc^_* StSd^v' J"** J 4

The author states in a short preface thathe wrote these verses in the space of a week,at the request of a Darvlsh called Shaukmast,who had accosted him while ho was fishingon the river's bank. The date of composi¬tion, A.H. 1144, is expressed in a versifiedchronogram by the words cîfr jbj

Add. 19,620.Foil. 100; 8J in. by 41; 15 lines, 8£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the 18th cen¬tury. [Samuel Lee..]

âU*The Divan of Mukhlis.

POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200. 709

Beg. \j r _iU ^ » yjb. ,y j\ yy v ^1^ JLj jJ yUtfo jl»U t-ij* j\ <î^>

Mirzfi Muhammad, poetically styled Mukh-lis, was called from his native place, Mash-had, to Isfahan in the reign of Shah SultanHusain by I'timad ud-Daulah Mumin Khan.Hazin, who was acquainted with him, states,fol. 33, that he died in that city, about sixtyyears of age.

Several pieces of the present Divan arequoted in the Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 444.See also Mir'at Aftabnuma, fol. 354, Nagh-mah Andalib, fol. 167, and Oude Catalogue,pp. 128, 138.

Contents : Ghazals, in alphabetical order.Kit'ahs, similarly arranged, fol. 81 b.

Add. 22,704.Foil. 96 ; 8| in. by 5; 14 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Nestalik; dated Shavval, A.H.1234 (A.D. 1819).

[Sir John Campbell.]

JU.jN oU*.The second part, jfi of a religious

poem, entitled " Gardens of Union," treatingof ascetic life.

Beg. \j jt,^ ^/j\>\j <w\3 j*/ ^1*3 ^

The author, whose name does not appear,was a wandering Darvish of the Ni'matullahiorder. He refers incidentally, fol. 32 a, to ajourney he took from Isfahan to Kirman tovisit the tomb of the holy founder of theorder in Malum (see p. 634 b), and to a dis¬turbance in which his fellow traveller Mush-tak lost his life. The prologue contains along panegyric on Ahmad Pasha, who wieldedan almost independent power in Baghdadfrom A.H. 1135 to 1159. See the ArabicCatalogue, p. 433.

Or. 281.Foil. 149 ; 8| in. by 5 ; 12 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Skikastah-amiz, about A.II.1151 (A.D. 1738). From the royal library ofLucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

^jyiThe Divan of Sabit.

Beg. ^Lj j»ki i>y y *Jj* **jL»^j ûWj l/J*«> JÛ ^<

Mir Muhammad Afzal, poetically styledSabit, was the nephew of Himmat Khan(Mir 'Isa), of Padakhshan, who was MirBakhshi under Aurangzib, and died A.H.1092 (see p. 697 b). Sabit, who was aSayyid of great learning and piety, died inDehli, his native place, on the 13th of Rabi' I.,A.H. 1151. See Tarikh Muhammadi, fol. 289,Mir'at Aftabnuma, fol. 187, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 95, Atashkadah, fol. 173, and the OudeCatalogue, p. 578.

Contents: Kasidahs, mostly in praise ofthe Imams, fol. 2 b. Masnavis, includingMargiyahs on the martyrs of Karbala, fol.57 b. A second series of Kasidahs, addressedfor the most part to contemporaries, fol.88 a. Ghazals, in alphabetical order, fol.96 b. Bubals, fol. 141 b. Kit'ahs, fol. 143 a.Mukhammasat, fol. 145 a.

The first of the above sections includesa long Kasldah entitled21—39, in which the poet retorts on hiscritics. The Divan was collected, after Sabit'sdeath, by his pupil, Band i 'All who writesat the end : j-> &Zy> j j** cjô*- ob^ wSl

y>ji>\ tj'* &\ ,j>.^\ J-^l ji-" <j>-

s^jT f\J J* Jjl ±>a*T e^-.^cÛ^ j eÛii \ ^ u^J *<*&W

<dl\ »U$ i/^r* U^/V* (•J 1 5 ^*"°

Or. 274.Foil. 279; 9 in. by 5$; 15 lines, 3± in.

710 POETRY.—A.II. 1100—1200.

long; written in Ncstalik, with'Unvan andruled columns; dated Rabi* I., the 19th yearof Muhammad Shah, A.H. 1147 (A.D. 1734).


©J4*The Divan of Afarin-

Beg. \j f-oU ijaiS „j-i ji* {J" ^jJ<**-\j trv&i t& yf+n&cjyn Jj^^fr 81 jk«» ^»

Shah Fakir Ullah Afarin, a Sufi and poet,was born in Lahore, and died there, A.H.1154. Valih, who met him in his nativecity, A.H. 1147, was much struck with hisgenius, and says that, had he only beenborn in Persia, he would have been thegreatest poet of the age. See Riyfiz ush-Shuara, fol. 61, Mushafi, fol. 11, TarlkhMuhammadi, fol. 294, and the Oude Cata¬logue, pp. 150, 154, and 317.

Contents: Ghazals, in alphabetical order,fol. 3 b. Mukhammasat, fol. 256 a. Eu-ba'is, fol. 266 a. Kasidahs in praise of Mu¬hammad, and a TarjI-band on the martyrdomof Hasan and Husain, fol. 207 b.


long; written in Nestalik for Col. Geo. Wm.Hamilton, then Commissioner of Multan;dated Kalachur, Babi' I., A.H. 1277 (A.D.1860).

s j**

" Hir and Eanjhan," the tale of two Pan-jabl lovers, a Magnavi by the same poet.

Beg- j 1^ J J? j** f-^J3 jjui lij) (Jtyjp jU- aS"

Copyist: JljJ*^>)^>- »f*S w ^->

In tho subscription the title is writtenjUi j j\h ^J] ui-i-aJ j\ j ji*but in the text the heroine's name is in¬

variably written {srfP\>>

Azfid found Afarin engaged in composingthis poem in A.H, 1143. Sec the OudeCatalogue, p. 317. A prose version of thesame tale is found in Or. 1244. A Hindu¬stani version, Kissah Ranjha Hir, by Makbfil,has been translated by Garcin de Tassy,llevue de l'Orient, 1857.

Add. 18,545.Foil. 235; 9 in. by 5f; 14 lines, Z\ in.

long, in a page; written in fair Nestalik,with gold-ruled margins; dated Jumada I.,A.H. 1162 (A.D. 1749).

[H. Steinscihjss. ]

abjM j ij£A Masnavi on love and anecdotes of lovers,

with a prose preface.Author: Muhammad, known as Kasim,

poetically surnamed Zarafat, jttr^^C.)^ yal^'

Beg. of the Preface:t_jjJii5! i_s5l t&-*»j> ^3—J) & <y+J}

Beg. of the Poem :t^o-^-oT u^ft!) ^jt*U *SoT Aii

qThe author, who lived at Lahore, says

repeatedly that he had never made a studyof prosody, nor written any verses before.

The poem, which is said to consist of 6268lines, and in which are inserted extractsfrom various works, Persian and Arabic, isdivided into two Daftars, the first of whichwas completed A.II. 1146, and the second,fol. 203 b, A.H. 1149. An appendix, inwhich the poet describes a happy meetingwith his beloved, is dated A.II. 1156.

This copy contains numerous marginaladditions.

Egerton 1036.Foil. 207; Si in. by 5; 15 lines, 2| in.

long ; written in Shikastak-amlz, in two

POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200. 711

AutliorBeB"

columns, dated Zulka'dah, the 7th year of•Alaragir II. (A.H. 1173, A.D. 1700).

^*&\ eliiThe love-story of Karnriip and Kamlata,

a Masnavi.i Anjah, u.*?M

&j.~-> J^;lîiio y Sxtjjj I

Bad!' ul-'Asr, commonly called HajT Rabi',poetically styled Anjab, gave himself out fora native of Andalus (Spain). He came in hischildhood to Isfahan, where he spent thirtyyears, and became a pupil of Murtaza KuliBeg Zanknah,surnamcd Valai Isfahan!. Afterlong travels he settled in Dehli, where hedied, it is said, upwards of a hundred yearsold. He was a most prolific poet; Mushafi,who saw him some months before his death,mentions, among his works, an imitation ofthe Khamsah of Nizami, a Divan of sixtythousand verses, an extensive work onImam! tenets, a tale of the four Darvishesin prose, and a metrical translation of theeighteen Parvas of the Mahabharat ; see 'IkdSurayya, Add. 16,727, fol. 4 a. CompareHamishah Bahar, Oude Catalogue, p. 118.

Murtaza Kuli Beg, surnamed Vala, a nativeof Persia, was attached to the service of Sar-buland Khan, and went, after the death ofthat Amir, to Bengal, where he died. SeeRiyaz ush-Shu ara, fol. 500.

The prologue contains a eulogy on Mu¬hammad Shah, and upon a Khan, calledMahmud, who had sent for the author, thenliving in seclusion, and requested him toput the above story into verse. The poemwas completed, as stated at the end, inA.H. 1157.

Or. 304.Poll. 219; 9| in. by 5£; 15 lines, 3 in.

long ; written in Shikastah, dated Eajab,A.H. 1159 (A.D. 1746). Prom the royallibrary of Lucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

^««o^ i^y}.^

Beg. J> :1 wits'J**> iWJ , ^ ;c£&> .Sij-j «••(_> j

Mirza Muhammad Riza, afterwards Kizil-bash Khan, poetically surnamed Ummid, wasa native of Hamadan and a skilled musician.Mirza Tahir Vahid, and afterwards Mir Najat,were his instructors in poetry. Having goneto India in the reign of Bahadur Shah, heattached himself to the service of Nizam ul-Mulk Asafjah. He died in Dehli on the9th of Jumada I., A.H. 1159. See Tarikh iMuhammad!, fol. 305, Mushafi, fol. 8, Nagh-mah 'Andalib, fol. 43, the Oude Catalogue,pp. 153, 300, 581, and G. de Tassy, Litt.Hind., vol. iii., p. 250.

Contents: Kasidahs in praise of Muham¬mad and 'Ali, of Muhammad Shah, ZulfakiirKhan, and others, fol. 2 6. Mukatta'at, thefirst of which is addressed to Parrukhsiyar,fol. 11 b. Ghazals, in alphabetical order,fol. 16 b. Mukhammasat, fol. 239 a. Mu-fradat, alphabetically arranged, fol. 241 a.Ruba is, fol. 246 a.

Copyist: ^îj! &+s? jX<



$ j jV->The love-tale of Prince Niyaz and Princess

Naz, a Sufi allegory in Masnavi rhyme.Author: Azad,

Beg. JÛ tiJLl^ J<> {_r J\

J r )j J^' f)\eThe prologue contains a eulogy on a holy

Sayyid, Mir Abu '1-Vafa, by whose desirethe poem was written. The author's nameoccurs in the first line of the epilogue,fol. 91 a :

712 POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200.

J J yij A»jTyl^^b «-aJ j«*

as well as in some other passages; see foil.22 6, 50 a, 85 a.

The title, which is found in the epilogue,fol. 91 b,

jU jli j jVjois often repeated in the same form, " Niyazti Naz," apparently intended to distinguishit from the well-known poem " Naz u Niyaz "of Zamiri, a poet of the reign of Shah Tah-masp.

A poet called Azad, whose proper name wasMirza Arjumand, is mentioned by Siraj, andthe author of Hamishah Bahar, Oude Cata¬logue, pp. 154, 117. He was the son oflAbd ul-Ghani Beg Kabul, of Kashmir, whodied A.U. 1139, ib. p. 151. But there isnothiug to show whether the present poemshould be ascribed to him, to an earlier Azad,a native of Yazd, who died, according toMir'at Jahiinnuma, fol. 296, A.H. 950, or tosome other poet of the same name.

Or. 272.Poll. 125; 8| in. by 5£; 11 lines, 3^ in.

long ; written in Shikastah-amiz, probablyabout the close of the 18th century.


w UjkJo\ ijâThe Divan of ItmTnan.

Beg. I* u \jis> M ti cîi }J~J>- j,UU, ^jfji jlk. j\ 0^ Sjis- ^Jm £

This Divan, which consists entirely ofGhazals, contains several imitations ofearlier poets, especially of Amir Khusrau.The latest of these appears to be Hilali, whodied A.H. 939 (p. 656 a). No record hasbeen found of the author.

Or. 270.Poll. 69; 8i in. by 5; 15 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in Nestalik, in the 18thcentury. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

Oj-a (JÔThe Divan of Hasrat.

Beg. I—» ^J^-* J^-j^J lA^Jiij\ alii dJZ^ e^-î

The proper name of the author, who desig¬nates himself alternately by the poeticalsurnames Hasrat and Ashraf, has not beenascertained. It appears from various chro¬nograms contained in his Divan that helived in India in the time of MuhammadShah, and was a dependent of 'Azamat UllahKhan. He records victories gained by thatAmir over the Bohillas and the Jats in A.H.1134, and his death in A.H. 1146. Laterchronograms, which extend to A.H. 1158,relate to the rout of the army of Barhah byMu'in ud-Din Muhammad Khan, A.H. 1150,and to some incidents in the life of Paridud-Din Khan, who was apparently theauthor's last patron.

Contents: A Kasidah in praise of Mu¬hammad, fol. 3 J. A Magnavi containinganecdotes of celebrated Sufis, imperfect, fol.5 a. Ghazals, in alphabetical order, fol. 10 a,beginning:

j»j y JjU <_j\

^jl> y tjy* J |W» JKit'ahs, fol. 59 a. Buba'is, fol. 62 a.

Or. 247.Poll. 367; 9^ in. by 5|; 14 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvtin andgold-ruled margins, dated Shahjahanabad,A.H. 1166 (A.D. 1753).


(JfjU»>A Sufi poem, in Magnavi rhyme.Author: Shaikh Sa'd ud-Din Ahmad,• i

POETRY.—A.II. 1100—1200. 713

surnamedDivanah, poetically styled Kuddusi,(_><»!i£*^ *ily it>J <^.^\

Beg. «Jl»9- iy JL£»\*)l jJIjo iUljy

It treats of mystic love and contemplation,in the form of comments on Arabic textstaken from the Kur'an and the Hadi§, whichare inserted as headings.

The author, who uses Kuddusi, and some¬times Kudsi,as his takhall us, appears from theappended letters mentioned below to have beenconsulted by tbe 'Ulama of Balkh as a greatauthority on Sufi doctrines. He is designatedthere as tbe author of ^W.^ otherreligious works. It is stated in tbe Arabicsubscription, fol. 320 a, that he gave out thepresent work as one of the writings ofShaikh Kuddusi ul-Munavvari, ^ &aj.La3 J*>-

(_5jyjl ^gtj&i

The following short pieces are subjoined:—Letter of Kazi Puzail to the author, dated

Balkh, A.H. 1166, with four questions onpoints of Sufi, doctrine, and the answer, intwo drafts, foil. 322 b, and 351 b. A letterin verse to Miyan Muhammad 'Umar Pasha-vari, and other poetical pieces on Sufi sub¬jects, by the author, fol. 328 b. A letter ofthe Kazis and Muftis of Balkh to the author,relating to some unguarded utterances ofgreat Sufis, with the answer, fol. 335 b.Some Ghazals by Kuddusi, in alphabeticalorder, fol. 342 b.

Beg. \f <>b JW Jj-i» c

\jc ab J^j ijUl &i^> i^Xk)

Magnavis by the same, fol. 359 a.

Or. 276.Poll. 308; ll£ in. by 6 ; 17 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in Shikastah-amiz, with gold-ruled margins; dated Dehli, A.H. 1157(A.D. 1744). Prom the royal library ofLucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

jX~S\ (J^PThe Divan of Iksir, in the author's hand¬

writing.

Be s- \ fit j ^ ^\j ^ 3 r l> y# J&j ^_>> J*

The poet, whose proper name is written inthe subscription Muhammad Azim B. Mu¬hammad Ja'far, and who was better knownas Mirza Azimai Iksir, has been alreadymentioned p. 376 a. See also Mushafi, fol.14, Anis, fol. 9, and the Oude Catalogue,p. 435.

Contents: Ghazals, fol. 2 b, and Ruba'is,fol. 291 a, both alphabetically arranged.

Add. 18,583.Poll. 197; 8^ in. by 4f; 17 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Shikastah-amiz, with Un-van, gold-ruled margins, and five miniaturesin Indian style; dated Sha'ban, A.II. 1161(A.D. 1748). [Adam Clakke. |

^»^..™(« j Ov&Ljj

Shahid and Masbhud," a love-story, byIksir, in the same handwriting.

Beg. c^->b,i ^.^'^ti^«Jb--J. [J>J>~\ <o w

The author says in the prologue that hehad learnt the story, which is here put intoverse, from his younger brother Abul-Hasan,a learned and travelled man, who told himthat it was a popular tale in Egypt.

Or. 296. •Poll. 171; 10 in. by 5£; 14 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the 19th cen¬tury. Prom the royal library of Lucknow.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]o o

714 POETRY.—A.IL 1100—1200.

CJj^S-

The Dlvun of 'Ishrat.

Beg. îbj y ^ wUij cJ^j ^\j>\t-> j6 c^— ^ j V y ^

The author, whose proper name is notstated, appears to have been a dependentof Shuja* ud-Daulah (the Nazim of Oude,A.H. 1167—88). In a long Kasidah ad¬dressed to the Navvab and appealing to hisliberality, he describes himself as a Hindu :

j\ ^yLe- fad iy> f>.)&>& /Contents : Ghazals, in alphabetical order,

fol. 2 b. Kasidah, fol. 165 b, beginning:C^jyl »UiT \Jo)s- /

The same Divan is described in the OudeCatalogue, p. 442, where it is attributed toMirza 'Ali Riza 'Ishrat.

Or. 324.Toll. 319 ; 10J in. by 6; 13 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with three 'Un-vans and gold-ruled margins, in the 18thcentury. From the royal library of Luck-now. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

jo^

The Divan of Mubad.Beg. bvJ) y oU-Ak c^«>iij\ <-illi <6 <_ylProm a preface written A.H. 1180 by the

poet's son, Tika Ram Zafar, we learn thatMubad, originally called Zindah Ram Pan¬dit, was a native of Kashmir, and a pupilof Mirza Girami, son of Abd ul-Ghani BegKabul (see p. 712 a) ; that he had settled inLucknow, where his two sons took servicein the reign of Shah 'Alam; that one of these,Sita-Ram 'Umdah, died in A.H. 1173, andthat his father did not long survive him.

Contents: Kasidahs in praise of 'Ali, ofShah l Alam, Navvab Madar ud-Daulah, and

others, fol. 15 b. Ghazals, in alphabeticalorder, fol. 31 b, beginning :

\j* J<5jA-> i&\ f~*> pA*o Xi &J>Mukhammasat, fol. 218 a. Chronograms

relating to contemporary events in the reignsof 'AlamgTr II. and Shah 'Alam, to the birthsand deaths of Amirs, etc., with dates rangingfrom A.H. 1159 to 1174. Masnavis, fol.258 b. Ruba'is and Kifahs, fol. 278 a.Thirty Ghazals from Mubad's first Divan,collected in Dehli. fol. 303 b. Appendix bythe editor, fol. 315 b.

See the Oude Catalogue, p. 504.

Add. 7814.Poll. 210; 9J in. by 5£j 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

The Divan of Imla.

Bg S- go ^\\ r5-5 J J x uzf ^

The Divan consists entirely of Sufi poems.The author, who is only designated by histakhallus, appears to have been a holy per¬sonage and spiritual teacher. Afghan, ap¬parently the author of the next followingDivan, is described in the subscription as hisadopted son and successor • .,. A*>b

o^j Li o'i Ai-t j£* fs^rJ.... U-JaS (J'VSa- <

j] .... .JW) alH \—3)lyC CJj*a>-(_âjJ i^j} pltXi-j! <u»-^}»- i^-^^- • • • **fr*^'

l^S-^V J j*"*, Câs- J&\Contents: Two Masnavis, fol. 2 b. Gha¬

zals, in alphabetical order, fol. 3 b, begin¬ning :

I^joSC* jj_*T y Jais JS* OjVj-i^j/ lL*xs- CX^ yUj

POETRY.—A. II. 1100—1200. 715

Ruba'is, similarly arranged, fol. 194 a.The last two leaves contain invocations to

Shaikh Muhyi ud-Din Abd ul-Kfidir Jilfmi.

Or. 275.Poll. 124; 8 in. by 5f; 13 lines, 2f in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins, probably in the 19thcentury. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

UliilThe Divan of Afghan.

Beg. y a Ulj eus-Lii ^1

\j y{x-> y j oU'vf* to£The author, probably the Afghan above

mentioned, was originally called Imam AliKhan. He was a Darvish living in Lucknow,and left, besides this Divan, a Masnavi com¬posed A.H. 1174. See the Oude Catalogue,pp. 197, 318, and Garcin de Tassy, Litt.Hind. vol. i. 117.

The Divan contains Ghazals, Kit'ahs, anddetached verses, in one alphabetical series,and a few Ruba'is at the end, fol. 121 a.

Add. 16,805.Foil. 81; 6f in. by 4; 18 diagonal lines

in a page, written in cursive Nestalik, in thelatter half of the 18th century.

[Wm. Yule.]JU CJjyo

A record of the author's life, in Masnavirhyme.

Author: Gulshan,

Beg. rf* ^ ^iairi* gfc \* J^»- ^->jy°

The author, whose proper name does notappear, tells us that he was born in Jaunpur.He went as a young man to Dehli and en¬

tered as secretary the service of a youthfulAmir who had a taste for poetry, Band i 'AliKhan, afterwards Shir-afkan Khan, a son ofGhairat Khan. There he witnessed, sometime later, the invasion of Nadir Shah, andthe sack of the capital. He speaks at somelength of the poets with whom he becameacquainted at Dehli, especially of ShaikhHazln (p. 372 b), and 'Ali Kuli Khan Valih(p. 371 a). Having attached himself to thelatter, he stayed with him until the Khan'sdeath, in A.H. 1169. After that event hereturned home, but, finding no employmentthere, he repaired to Shamsabad, where hefound a patron in Sayyid Basalat Jahan.

The above poem, which was written shortlyafter the author's arrival at Shamsabad, isfollowed by four shorter Magnavis, foil. 63 a,67 a, 70 a, and 73 a, the first in Hindustani,the other three in Persian, all relating to theauthor's new master, whose death in A.H.1176 is recorded in the last. In the lastbut one, fol. 70 a, the author says that hewas then past sixty.

Or. 322.Poll. 446; 9J in. by 5^; 14 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with five 'Unvansand gold-ruled margins, about A.H. 1155(A.D. 1742). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The Divan of Muhammad, known as Aliul-Jilani Hazin, ^jo- ,J%ff* ,Jjo

Beg- v** y>.*~ u\J f U c ls31Shaikh Muhammad Ali Hazin, who has

been already mentioned, p. 372 b, died, accord¬ing to theTarikh i Muhammadi, fol. 317, inBenares, on the 13th of Jumada I., A.H. 1180.He is considered in India as the greatest poetof his time, although his pungent satires hadroused against him bitter animosities. Pull

o o 2

716 P0ET11Y.—A.n. 1100—1200.

notices on his life, with extracts from hispoems, will be found in Ptiyaz ush-Shu'ara,foil. 138—150, Mushafi, foil. 32—37, HaftAsman, foil. 161—4, Naghmah i 'Andalib,foil. 65—70, and Atashkadah, fol. 174. Hiscollected works, including his memoirs andthe Tazkirat ul-Mu'asirin, have been litho¬graphed, under the title of ol/, inLucknow, A.H. 1293.

See also the Oude Catalogue, p. 424, Biblio-theca Sprenger., No. 1413, the Munich Cata¬logue, p. 39, and the catalogue of King'sCollege Library, No. 124.

The author states in a prose preface, fol.3 b, that, after having previously publishedthree Divans, he had collected in a fourth,A.H. 1155, the remainder of his detachedpieces. He adds that he was then past fiftyyears of age, and residing in India. The fourDivans contain, according to his account,about thirty thousand lines, and thousandone hundred and seventy pieces.

Contents: Kasidahs, mostly in praise ofMuhammad, and the Imams, fol. 6 b, begin¬

ning : JL>\i** ^ J^C>. CJjsi- Jo jS-Ghazals, in alphabetical order, fol. 62 b,beginning:

l^b; c^jo;y

lîljLwta j'i <y+a-

Fragments of Ghazals, cjI^s- Oljybc, alsoin alphabetical order, fol. 340 b. RubaMs,similarly arranged, fol. 363 b. Mukattaat(Lucknow edition, p. 903), fol. 389 b. AMasnavi called 3 { (Lucknow edi¬tion, p. 823), fol. 406 beginning :

o»U y*>- \ _f\ ^ U T f\bAbridgment of a MagnavT called Kharabat(ib. p. 839), fol. 417 b, beginning:

]j <Sj\>\jO-jX-> £smJ> US

The prologue of Matmah ul-Anzar, anotherMt.suavi (ib. p. 863), fol. 432 b, beginning:

Q».,JjeT iS*£ijj>. giîl ^

Prologue and epilogue of a Masnavi calledTazkirat ul-'Ashikin (ib. p. 889), fol. 437 b,beginning:

^ j Jl»«jL«J^ <d}jZ> J 0*U=»

Epilogue of the fourth Divan (ib. p. 1026),transcribed from the author's autograph, fol.444 b, &LS,y j^Jjs, j,^. J5j \j g^,\o, ^\

J*-> (J^} ^jV* la» j' <ty beginning:ÎfcKJ <_JjJ j ^ ^

jlrt uh*Poll. 2 and 3 contain some lines of poetry

in the handwriting of Hazin, signed as fol¬lows :

JtlUJ^ J*> Juj\ J>\J\i.'iS- JlS-

Additional pieces, written here and there inthe margins of the Divan, are due to the samehand.

Or. 356.Foil. 222; 111 i n . by 6£; 9 lines, 4 in.

long; written in large Nestalik, with 'Unvansand gold-ruled margins, in the 18th century.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]The Divan of the same 'All Hazin.

Beg. ^y^lÂ-j \js*l ^>j*?- (J^ jpContents : Kasidahs in praise of the Imams

and on various subjects, including Mukat-taVit and a Margiyah on the death of Husain,fol. 26. Chaman u Anjuman, fol. 161 b.Mukhtasar i Kharabat, fol. 178 a. Dibajahi Tazkirat ulÂshikin, fol. 201 a. Dibajah iMatmah ul-Anzar, fol. 216 a.

In a prose preface prefixed to the abovefour Masnavis, fol. 160, the author statesthat the original drafts had been scattered invarious countries, and that he had nowwritten what he describes as a sample ofeach, in order to comply with the desire of anoble friend in India.

POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200. 717

Add. 18,890.Poll. 300; 10 in. by 6J; 18 lines, in.

long; written in Shikastah-amiz, probablyearly in tbc 19th century.

The Divan of Hazln, containing Kasldahsand Ghazals, fol. 61 b.

The alphabetical series, although breakingoff in the letter p, is richer than the corre¬sponding section in the preceding copies.

Add. 5608.Foil. 39; 12 in. by 7f; 23 lines; written

in cursive Shikastah-amiz, about A.H. 1180(A.D. 1767).

&*b

A poetical account, in Masnavl rhyme, ofthe British wars in Bengal, from the firstyear of 'Alamglr II. (A.D. 1754) to the con¬clusion of peace with Shah 'Alam, and thegrant of the Divani of Bengal to the EastIndia Company (A.D. 1765).

Author : Musafir, JL*»Beg. —VSi y

^jy*^ ji

The poet, who designates himself only bythe above takhallus, was, it appears, with theMarattah army in Benares, and subsequentlyin Hahabad. He writes as a warm partisan ofthe conquerors of Bengal, whom he hails asthe future masters of India. In the epiloguehe states that he had previously written asimilar account in Hindi.

The above title is given on fol. 38 6, withthe date of composition, A.H. 1180, expressedby the chronogram

On the first page is the Persian seal ofJohannes Matthias Eeuss (?)

Add. 26,285.Poll. 421; 12J in. by 7$; 19 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, about the close ofthe 18th century. [Wm. Erskine. |

Two Magnavis by Nizam ud-Dln 'Ishrat

SiyalkutI KurashI, J>y<5U-»CjjJLs- ^jjJI ^Uii<J*}

'Ishrat states in the latter part of hissecond poem that, having gone from Siyalkut,his native place, to pay homage to AhmadShah Durrani, then on his return march fromDehli, he accompanied the Shah to Kabul,and received from him, with many marks offavour, the necessary documents for thecomposition of a poetical record of HisMajesty's reign, and the permission to goback to Siyalkut, in order to devote himselfto that task.

I. Pol. 1. ^^li ^L^l, a poetical accountof Nadir Shah's invasion in India, A.H.1151-2, concluding with a brief record ofhis subsequent wars and his death.

Beg. Jp\ i\L^>

(jiitf f.x£>& j ^Xi

The date of composition, A.H. 1162, is ex¬pressed in the following line:

' & u> «J£V c*-? h \JJ* (•

Jf^ s*La. £=\

II. Pol. 130. **U^, a poeticalrecord of the life of Ahmad Shah. Durrani,from his rise to power under Nadir Shah tothe defeat of the Beluch chief Nasir Khan,A.H. 1173.

Be S- LT** f ^j^z ±\$ y^

III. Pol. 288 b. Continuation of the abovepoem, dealing with Ahmad Shah's Indiancampaign and his defeat of the Marattas atPanipat, concluding with the Shah's deathand the accession of Timur Shah (A.H. 1186).

Beg. j }J j>a*U y>3 j!

}}J f3*" (*/ 3 j

718 POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200

The main part of this section was writtenin the life time of Ahmad Shah, to whom theauthor bitterly complains of the sterility ofhis Jagir, and the annoyances which itentailed upon him.

Add. 23,982.Foil. 64; 7| in. by 4$; 16 lines, 2g in.

long; written in Shikastah-amiz, apparentlyin the latter part of the 18th century.

Cfjlo

The Divan of Niyazi.

Beg. \j U Ji ^jWj dLj

u_ft~»y. e£ Stfj

This poet, whose proper name was NavvabAhmad Mirza, was a son of Mirza SayyidMurtaza, who had married a daughter ofShah Sultan Husain, and held in that Shah'sreign the office of Sadr. Niyazi, who wasmarried to a daughter of his maternal uncle,Shah Tahmasp II., died in Isfahan A.H.1188. Lutf Ali Khan, who was personallyacquainted with him, composed the followingchronogram on his death, Atashkadah, fol.189 :

J Lrt^ J u irttf"

d*^Jjii J«-»»-b i*>l ii}> (j-iy* ^ij *j

Contents : Ghazals, in alphabetical order,fol. 1 b. Ruba'is, fol. 61 a. Chronograms,fol. 63 a. The chronograms, the dates ofwhich range from A.H. 1170 to 1187, relateto the death of some holy personages ofthe period, of a princess, 'Ismat Nisa, and ofShahbaz Khan.

Add. 7820.Foil. 205; 8i in. by 6; 11 lines, 2} in.

long, and 18 lines in the margins; writtenin cursive Nestalik ; dated Safar, A.H. 1202(A.D. 1787). [CI. J. Rich.]

j Jr*" The Cypress and the Rose," also called

" Falaknaz Namah," or the story of PrinceFalaknaz, in Ma§navi rhyme.

Author : Taskln, ^^JiBeg. dLg! »£>\ Aw

*%\ 3 f M Lf\HThe author states, in the conclusion, tbat

he had adopted the above takhallus, becausehe had found in the composition of thispoem a relief (taskin) to his woes; tbat hisreal name was 'Arab-Zadah, and that he wasborn of a family called Aulad Ya'kub, in thetown of Katif. He was induced to writethe present poem, as he states in the prologue,by his friend Mirza Sharaf, who communi¬cated to him the prose narrative on whichit is founded, and urged him to completewhat Ziya'i had only commenced. The dateof composition, A.H. 1189, is recorded onfol. 7 a.

A copy is mentioned in the Ouseley Col¬lection, No. 69.

Or. 1267.Foil. 271; 8 in. by 5£; from 12 to 14

lines, 3£ in. long; written in cursive Nes-talik, with miniatures in the Persian style;dated Ramazan, A.H. 1257 (A.D. 1841).

The same poem, wanting the greatest partof the prologue, and the epilogue.

Or. 291.Foil. 120; 8i in. by 0£; 13 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unvan andgold-ruled margins, about the close of the18th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

&)y}SThe Divan of Sani\

POETRY.—A.H. 1100—1200. 719

Beg. iw w^-^ » *W

j-i J ulLi»l b

Nizam ud-Dln Ahmad Sfmi', of Balgriim,lived in Murshidabad, and afterwards in Cal¬cutta, where he died ahout A.H. 1195. SeeMushafi, fol. 65, Naghmah 'Andalib, fol.105, Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 217, andGarcin de Tassy, Litt. Hind. iii. p. 54.

Contents : A Tarji'-band, and three Mu-khammas, fol. 2 b. Ghazals, in alphabeticalorder, fol. 10 b, beginning:

\j 5j>- &\Ji£ y>- j»JO &J>- ^\ jj j

]) J^i J *«* Ci5 ; ?5

Ruba'is, fol. 117 a.

Or. 321.

Foil. 282 ; 9 in. by 5£ | 13 lines, 3§ in.long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unviin andruled margins, in the 19 th century.


&b ItfJjjPThe Divan of Vakif.Niir ul-'Ain Vakif, son of Amanat Ullah,

KazI of Patiyiilah, was a pupil of Arzii (p.501 b). He died in Dehli A.H. 1200. SeeNaghmah 'Andalib, fol. 191, Mir'at Aftiib-numa, fol. 157, and Sprenger, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 589.

Beg. u ^)b' j3 jy-J

\jej)jT sJZtjf j& j2 iCi,Contents : Ghazals, in alphabetical order,

with a few Kit'ahs, fol. 2 b. Ruba'is, fol.254 a. A long Tarji'-band, followed by afew Rubais and a Mukhammas, fol. 269 b.

Or. 354.Poll. 232; 10$ in. by 6$; 17 lines, 5 in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four columns,with 'Unvan and gold-ruled margins, appa¬

rently in the 18th century. From the royallibrary of Lucknow.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton. J

llilta

The history of Mukhtar, the avenger ofHusain, a Shi'ah legend, in Masnavi rhyme.

Author: Azad,

Beg. j\£ JJ ±>J*>- ^jJW ^ ^bfc-

Mir Ghulam 'All Azad, of Balgriim, diedin Aurangabad A.H. 1200. See p. 373 a.He refers in the prologue to the numerouspoets who had before his time sung thepraises of the Prophet's family, mentioningby name Asir, Zulali, 'Urfl, Kudsi, Sa'ib,Zuhuri, Firdusi, Bazil, the author of Hamlahi Haidari, and Juya. Inspired by the me¬mories of Karbala, he found a new themein the subject of the present poem, whichhe commenced in the month of Safar, A.H.1131.

The poem is also called, from its subject,Mukhtar Nflmah. See the Oude Catalogue,p. 364.

At the end is found a Kasldah addressedto Shah Husain Safavi, imperfect at the end.

Or. 316.

Foil. 373; 8$ in. by 5; 15 lines, 3£ in.long ; written in fair Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century.


p\iaS {^jjfiThe Divan of Nizam.

Beg. Ua^lj J^aJI (ir»i4*N dl\UJLJ\ l-j>>-_}J>**** *<sb*M

The author, who is only designated by theabove takhallus, is the well-known 'Imad ul-

I H ITSESEKBE^

POETRY.—A.H. 1200—1300.720

Mulk Ghazi ud-Din Khan Bahadur FiruzJang, grandson of Nizam ul-Mulk Asafjah,and Vazir of Ahmad Shah and 'Alamgir II.After the latter emperor's death, A.H. 1173,he relapsed into obscurity, and died aboutA.H. 1200, in Kalpi. Mushafi states, fol.101, that he was still alive in A.H. 1199.See also Khiziinah i 'Amirah, fol. 18, Maagirul-Umara, fol. 392, Gulzar i Ibrahim, fol.240 a, Naghmah 'Andalib, fol. 181, the OudeCatalogue, p. 273, and Garcin de Tassy, Litt.Hind., vol. ii. p. 476.

Contents: Ghazals, in alphabetical order,with two Kasidahs, fol. 2 b. Several Ghazalsare addressed to Fakhr i Jahan, the author'sspiritual guide, also called Maulanii Fakhrud-Din (see the Oude Catalogue, p. 273).Ruba'is, fol. 293 b. Tarkib and Tarji'-bands,fol. 298 b. Musaddasat of the kind calledO^V,, fol. 323 b. Mukhammasat, fol. 330 b.The last of these is in Oriental Turkish.

Add. 26,172.Foil. 54; 5 in. by 8$ ; about twenty lines

in a page; written in Indian Shikastah-amiz,about the close of the 18th century.

[WM. EliSKINE.]

f*JS olejJaj*

Poems of Kiizi Ghulam Kasim Mihri, ^li'uyv* r* Ki

Beg. &jj J^s* ^ J\ JiU \xj*jf] J*

At the beginning is found this heading:

f&s> ^Xs jxte u\f>A j;.-><£ *X>/j&>- oU^lai*>i ^ Jf\ j pA\ J isL} ^

p\£Jl J\ r \p\The author, who uses Kasim as his

takhallus, was affiliated to the Nakskabandi

order. From a Kasidah addressed to TippuSultan, shortly after his accession (A.H. 1197),we learn that he was the son of Kiizi Husain,and a native of Bombay. Another poem, inpraise of the same prince, is stated, at theend, to have been written off Ceylon, inZulhijjah, A.H. 1205, on a voyage to Pegu.

The volume, which has the appearance ofa scrap-book, contains Kasidahs, Ghazals,and Masnavis, mostly of a religious nature,without systematic arrangement. The latterpart contains Hindustani pieces and a fewchronograms for A.H. 1206 and 1207.

Or. 273.Foil. 147; 8! in. by 5£; 11 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in cursive Indian Nestalik,dated Shavval, A.H. 1209 (A.D. 1795). Fromthe royal library of Lucknow.


•—>Vxs\(J^i• .>The Divan of Aftab.

Be S- L *>■ j^-i wW 1 jrl ^J 1^

\j Jg\>} Jj/ j\ <_-JUAftab is the takhallus of the Emperor

Shah 'Alam ('Ali Gauhar), who was bornA.H. 1140, and died A.H. 1221.

The Diviin consists of Ghazals, in alpha¬betical order, with a few Ruba'is at the end,fol. 145 b. See Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,p. 318, the Miinich Catalogue, p. 40, and theOuseley Collection, No. 68.

On fol. 3 is a profile portrait of theauthor.

Add. 7823.Foil. 73; 81 in. by 4§; 17 lines, 3 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, on Euro¬pean paper, early in the 19th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]

POETRY.—A.II. 1200—1300. 721

li)\j\s»

The Divan of Khakan*Khakan is the poetical surname of Path

'All Shah.The Divan of the royal author is mentioned

by Sir John Malcolm, who had obtained acopy of it in one of his missions to Persia,A.D. 1800 or 1810. See " History of Persia,"vol. ii. p. 547, Wm. Ouseley's Travels, vol. iii.p. 372, Asiatisches Museum, p. 377, and thecatalogues of St. Petersburg, p. 403, andMunich, p. 41.

Contents : Preface to the Divan by Nashiit,fol. 1 b. This preface, as well as the shortprose introductions to the various sectionsof the Divan, and the epilogue, are found col¬lected in the works of Nashiit (see p. 722 a),foil. 18 a —26 b. Kasidahs in praise of Aliand of the Shah's predecessor, Aka Muham¬mad, fol. 6 a. Ghazals, in alphabetical order,fol. 15 a, beginning :

Is-jU- pto j* t/jj •)UbjL-i-j i^yJ^A u >\ ciJjj j

Tarkib-band, fol. 55 a. Detached verses, inalphabetical order, fol. 57 a. Bubals, fol.62 b. A Marsiyah on the death of Husain,fol. 64 a. Masnavis, fol. 66 b. Epilogue ofNashat, fol. 71 a.

Add. 18,544.Poll. 74; 10 in. by 6J; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unviin andgold-ruled margins, early in the 19th cen¬tury. [II. Sternschuss.]

The same Divan, wanting the Kasidahsand the prose prefaces.

Add. 25,017.Poll. 188; 8£ in. by 5; 13 lines, 2£ in.

long, with 26 lines in the margins; writtenin. neat Nestalik, with three TJnviins and

VOL. II.

gold-ruled margins, early in the 19th cen¬tury.

Three Masnavis, ascribed, in the labelaffixed to the back of the MS., to l.JfijiMuhammad Husain Shirazi, ^.-a-La-

•t *i^yjXut i^jXj*^

The author, whose name does not appearin the text, addresses Path 'Ali Shah, fol.133 a, as the reigning sovereign. Ho hasall the prolixity of Sufi poets, and delightsin the endless repetition of the same ideaunder different images.

I. Pol. lb. "Viimik and'Azra,"a love-story.

Peg. 1^*13 _\Ui! ^\l^lilfe ^j,J> oaL-J cs-j

The author says in the prologue that underthe hero's name he only describes the holylove that burns in his own heart.

II. Pol. 92 b. US j&\ "The Book of theCamel."

Beg. c^j< j\ JLS»\p ^ j\i

C*i/ j> £jj t*j>,/z e£ UThe above title, which is taken from one

of 'Attar's poems (p. 578 b), is justified byfrequent descriptions of the wild longings ofthe camel, and repeated addresses to thecamel-driver ^JLL.

III. Pol. 106 b. A poem without title,beginning:

is&ji ^Mj)^_ ' J jl ^JJu~< iS

This poem, which is written in continuationof the preceding, without any apparent break,is distinguished from it by the change ofmetre. It belongs to the class called s-^-Jior " adjuratory."

IV. Pol. 114 5. i\* 5jy*> " Mihr and Mali,"a love-story.

Beg. jy j<i Jy» t ^ im}^j fJ\ ^jUSie jjk?

P P

722 POETRY.—A.H. 1200—1300.

The various sections have extensive proseheadings, showing the application of theallegory to mystic love.

Add. 19,533.Poll. 187 ; 12 in. hy 7 J; 15 lines, 4£ in.

long ; written in Nestalik, on English paper,with the water-mark 1809.

The collected works of Nashat klii, inprose and verse.

Mu'tamad ud-Daulah Mirza 'Abd ul-Vah-hab, poetically surnamed Nashat, was court-poet and secretary to Eath Ali Shah. Aletter of his composition, addressed toGeorge III. about A.H. 1220, has beenmentioned p. 392 a. His hasbeen printed in Teheran, A.H. 1266.

Fol. 1 i. A Masnavi treating of mysticlove, with a prose preface beginning :

Uitf iyrj uj* "-rÊol. 13 b. Two Kasidahs in praise of

Eath 'Ali Shah.

Beg. \j,a»- ujjli. £?x> Jft u-y" j ^ Vb JoU/j* JJOJ lS J»j y-itf yi;lS

Eol. 17 a. Various compositions in ornateprose mixed with verses.

The most important are two prefaces, thefirst of which, beginning jjo^ ^>\j

tj»£»-\ ÛJ\, was written for the Divanof Eath 'Ali Shah, fol. 18 a, and the secondfor a poetical account of the wars of the samesovereign, entitled U>o *»*b' «liis,\jL, fol. 39 a.

Erom the latter we learn that the authorof the poem, designated by his takhallusSaba, was a native of Kashan, and a pupil ofthe three poets called Azur (Lutf Ali Beg),Sabilhi, and Hatif (see the Atashkadah, foil.180, 197), that he recited a Kasidah, quotedat full length, on the accession of Fath 'AliShah, who appointed him Malik ush-Shu'ara,and finally that he wrote the above poem by

desire of the Shah, after the Russiancampaign (A.H. 1218), in which he hadaccompanied his sovereign.

The collection includes pieces in OrientalTurkish, fol. 35 a, and in Arabic, fol. 36 a.

Eol. 55 b. Kasidahs addressed to Eath'Ali Shah, mostly on the occasion of theNauruz festivals.

Beg. lUj&bjy* ^f>. jfcSli £+2, jl pj>sLjJ^^ jO j} iji3\La ^b

This section contains some Kasldahs imi¬tated from Anvari by desire of the Shah.It concludes with a Turkish piece and a fewKit'ahs.

Eol. 75 b. Letters and miscellaneouscompositions in prose.

Among the former are letters written inthe name of Eath 'Ali Shah to the SultanMahmud (in Turkish), to the Emperor Na¬poleon, to George III. of England, to theVahhabi chief (in Arabic), and to otherprinces and dignitaries. They are undated,and for the most part without headings.The second section, beginning fol. 104 b,contains letters written by Nashat in hisown name, and other prose pieces.

Eol. 142 b. Ghazals, in alphabetical order,followed by a Tarkib-band, fol. 181 a, andsome Ruba is, fol. 181 a.

Beg. (jry U liA^j^ ^^"j j«» ei~-*ô.

t$j2M ^ u-aiMj byi J U J&\

Add. 27,267.Poll. 250; 8J in. by 5|; 14 lines, 3| in.

long; written in fair Shikastah-amiz onEuropean paper, with two 'Unvans and gold-ruled margins, about the beginning of the19th century ; bound in painted covers.

[Sir J. Malcolm.]

^\sl^>\ d\jThe Divan of Valih of Isfahan.

POETRY.—A.II. 1200—1300. 723

Beg. U w bj j\ ^xisi" bp j~> s,Cx>\ b

L-* J-Li- ^Ljj £>J}

Valih, whose original name MuhammadKazim is found in the present MS., fol. 248 b,lived in Isfahan under the Zend and Kachardynasties. He was upwards of eighty yearsold in A.II. 1220, when Sir Gore Ouseleysaw him in his native city. See Notices ofPersian Poets, Memoir, p. 67, and Sir Wm.Ouseley's Travels, vol. iii. p. 53.

The present MS. is apparently in the samehandwriting as some signed specimens of theauthor's penmanship, dated A.II. 1225, andpreserved in Add. 27,271.

Contents: Ghazals, in alphabetical order,fol. 1 b. A Masnavi, fol. 204 b. Mukat-ta'fit, mostly chronograms on contemporaryevents, with dates ranging from A.H. 1164to 1217, fol. 206 b. Kasidahs, addressed toFath 'All Shah, Nizam 'All Khan of Haidar-abfid, and others, fol. 218 a. Kit/ahs andRubais, fol. 233 b. Moral maxims in Arabic,fol. 248 b.

Add. 7818.Poll. 125 ; 8 in. by 6; 9 lines. 4 in. long;

written in Nestalik, on European paper, earlyin the 19th century. [01. J. Rich.]

The Divan of the same poet, in a shorterrecension, containing Kasidahs, fol. 1 b.Ghazals, fol. 10 b, Masnavis, fol. 108 a, Ki-t'ahs, fol. 104 b, Rubais, fol. Ill b, andChronograms, fol. 117 b.

Or. 308.Poll. 124 ; 9 in. by 5^; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Shikastah-amiz and in Nes¬talik; dated Safar, the eighteenth year ofShah 'Alam (A.H. 1191, A.D. 1777). Promthe royal library of Lucknow.


^X-o

The Divan of Mubtala, with two proseworks by the same author.

Beg. \ rj L.Û> u jjjT j\-> j u!)^ ^\

h f> j Js'jJShaikh Ghulilm Muhyi ud-Din Kurashi

of Mirath, who used the poetical surnames ofTshk and Mubtala, was the son of a poet,Shaikh Ni'mat Ullah Ni'ami, and lived inDehli as a dependent of Navvab Najaf Khan,an Amir of the court of Shah 'Alam. Heleft, besides his poems, a Tazkirah of Rekh-tah poets, composed A.H. 1222. See Spren-ger, Oude Catalogue, pp. 187, 498, and Gar-cin do Tassy, Litt. Hind., vol. ii. p. 45.

Contents : I. Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 2 b. Mufradat, Rubais, and Mukham-masat, fol. 00 b. Kasidahs, fol. 65 b. Mas¬navis, fol. 73 b.

II. ÎjJi £b, containing descriptionsof the various points of female beauty, inornate prose, with appropriate verses, partlydue to the author, partly to other poets notnamed, fol. 78 b.

Beg. JîJ <^j\si~t (J** ^t-JS jfjtfThe date of composition, A.II. 1187, is ex¬

pressed by the title. The work is also called'cs-} ^. Sec the Oude Catalogue, p. 187.

III. J&s tlo, models of letters, inornate prose, on various subjects, fol. 99 a.

Beg. Cs*u-*)o jjU* »6 ^J\J\ OjU& j\£

It is stated in the preamble that the abovetitle numerically expresses the date of com¬position, viz. A.H. 1187.

The last two pieces are the first and secondparts of a collection designated in the preface,fol. 79, as {j*=r Tllc tuir(i an(* fourthparts, called U>U3 ^ iÂ*^* and ioUoj** ^ r J^S^tjd, are wanting.

724 POETRY.—A .II. 1200—1300.

Add. 25,830.Poll. 69; 13 in. by 9 ; 6 lines, 5 in. long;

written in large Nestalik, A.D. 1822.[Wm. Cureton.]

A poetical account of the life of Zib un-Nisa Begam.

Author : Lalah Gokul Chand, ^ «J^)

Beg. jJU- j>j A\ JUJ

^lali d*~J& ^\S- jii (jlsfl^j jii

Zib un-Nisii Begam, also called BegamSumroo, was the widovyof Walter Reinhard,a German soldier of fortune, better known inIndia by the nickname of Sombre, or Sumroo,who died A.D. 1778. His wife, who succeededto his estate and to the command of his regi¬ment, played a not unimportant part in theevents of the reign of Shah 'Alam, fromwhom she received the title of j^s. sijj, "be¬loved daughter,'' and died about 1825. SeePrancklin, History of Shah Aulum, pp. 150,188, James Skinner's Military Memoir,p. 279, Sleeman, Rambles and Recollections,vol. ii. p. 377, and Keene, Pall of the MoghulEmpire, p. 297.

The author, who is designated in the titleas the Begam's Munshi, begins with eulo¬gies on his heroine, on Colonel GeorgeAlexander Dyce (a son-in-law of ZafaryabKhan, the son of W. Reinhard by his firstwife), who had the management of theBegam's estate, and on the Colonel's twosons, David Ochterlony Dyce, and JohnThomas Dyce. He then proceeds to statethat a history of Zib un-Nisii, written inprose by Munshi Jaisingh Riii, having beenlost, he had been desired to treat the sametheme in verse.

The date of composition, A.D. 1822, isstated in the following line:

ylSl j ^jtfi i^-o ts^ JL*» w

^ijl J.*ai l-j'^ L-Ji^o

Or. 459.Poll. 426; 9| in. by 6£; 17 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, about the begin¬ning of the 19th century.

[Duncan Forbes.]

iJyo^-The Divan of Khamush.

Beg. uLMjil e£ J$ J\

ci)U U Joe j ^ j\ y uiwjjSahib Ram Khamush, a Hindu born in

Dehli, and a pupil of Shaikh 'Ali Hazin, actedas Munshi to Shah'Alam, and was subsequentlyemployed as Tahsildar under Mr. Duncan inthe district of Benares. The author of theTarikh i Muzaffari, who was his intimatefriend, states, fol. 500, that he died A.H.1225. He was then upwards of seventyyears of age. See the Oude Catalogue,pp. 167, 461.

Contents : Kasidahs and Kit'ahs, includingsome chronograms with dates ranging fromA.H. 1180 to 1205, fol. 2 b. Masnavis, fol.90 b. Ghazals, in alphabetical order, fol.109 b, beginning:

IjJi) j\ tj ^\+> LfJ^.J^

Rubais similarly arranged, fol. 398 b.On the first page is written: " G. C.

Haughton, Febr. 1818. From Jonathan Dun¬can's library."

Or. 285.Poll. 110; 8| in. by 4$; 13 lines, 3 in.



j jr >

The Divan of Sarvar.

POETRY.—A.H. 1200—1300. 725

Beg. l$b Ûx-j «_*U / p 3 \ j>j&\^,t*~> <s$\ Jw> Û- <uU- JwJ.y

The author was a dependent of Habib Ul-lah Khan. A Magnavl addressed to that Amir,and containing a pressing appeal to hisliberality, is dated A.H. 1227.

Contents : Ghazals, in alphabetical order,fol. 2 a. A Kasidah in praise of Habib Ul-lah Khan, fol. 100 a. Mukhammasat, fol.104 a. A Magnavi also in praise of HabibUllah Khan, fol. 105 b.

Add. 26,169.Foil. 1G7; 10i in. by 5^; 15 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in cursive Indian writing;dated A.H. 1229 (A.D. 1814).

[Wm. Erskine.]

f)j V^feA poetical account of the British wars in

India, in Magnavi rhyme.Author : Safdar'AlI Shah; poetically styled

Munsif, i_a*oi<> (_>sL^

Beg. bwlij-i ^jiuLj e£ ^g-*^}Ut>&*li- jjjbj _jj *a_j\J> J

The following notice of the author, onthe fly-leaf, is in the handwriting of Mr.Erskine:—

" The author's original name was MahomedMohiudin, which, on renouncing worldly pur¬suits, he changed to Safder Ali Shah. Hewas the son of Mozuffer Jeng, who changedhis name to Kalender Ali Shah on becominga Eakir (his mother was Nur-Jehan Begum,the niece of Tehniat Nissa Begum, the wifeof Nizam u Doulet), and the grandson of Sa-mander Shah of Herat, who married TehniatBegum, the daughter of Nawab Evaz Khan,of the Soubah of Aurungabad. She, dyingwhile her son Mozuffer Jeng -was an infant,gave him to her sister, Syed Shah Begum, to

bring up. Syed Shah's husband was Heda-yet Mohiudin Khan Mozuffer Jeng, thegrandson of the Nizam Asif Jab by hisdaughter Khyr-ul-nisa Begum."

The first of the two sections contained in thisvolume treats of the war with Tippoo, fromthe rupture of the peace (A.D. 1799) to thesettlement of the Carnatic (A.D. 1802). Thesecond, foil. 43 b —107 b, contains a recordof the Marattah war. It begins with thetaking of Poonah by Holkar, and the flightof Baji Rao (A.D. 1802), and ends with theretrocession of the conquered territories toHolkar and Sindiah (Dec, 1803). The heroof both narratives is General Wellesley,called in the text ^Lsj J^^»-

The first section contains in its prologue,fol. 14 a, a panegyric on Mr. [the Honour¬able Mountstuart] Elphinstonc, and at theend, fol. 36 a, eulogies on the author'sspecial patron, Mr. Wm. Erskine, and onDr. Taylor, who had restored him to health.

Both sections arc signed by the author(^jls s'Jrf ^ jsi* jî, and the subscriptionshows that this copy was written by him forMr. Erskine.

Add. 26,170.Poll. 61; llf in. by 7; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written by the same hand.[Wm. Erskine.]

An appendix to the preceding poem, con¬taining an account of the war with Holkar(in A.D. 1804).

Beg. tl»-L& &*Li J} \ *U s6

_jj ^jJ 8jjj^l»

The prologue is followed by a shortaccount of the capture of Pondichery by theFrench, foil. 3 a —4 a ; after which comesthis heading:&«AiU J-ajJ ±*> ^3}* (j^b jl_ftT

j jy>£\j *U>^ {jryc'j 3

726 POETEY.—A.H. 1200—1300.

'-r*?-^ tJ^—!^^ tr^^H js*^

jIj ltÔf the first part of the poem, foil. 1 a —

13 there is a second draft at the end of thevolume, foil. 48 6—61 a.

The first page bears the author's signature.

Add. 26,171.Foil. 34; 8f inby 0£; 14 lines, 3f in.

long; written by the same hand.[Wm. Erskine.]

A further continuation of the above poem,containing an account of the campaign ofBhartpiir, from the defeat of Col. Monson(August 1804), to the retreat of Holkar fromBhartpur (March 1805J.

Beg. J_u J-j/^jd _,r8^-9- jS^jft .VljLSsU—J

On the first page is found the followingtitle, with the author's signature :

uLk-yllk J]j<Jj*- ^xcij&g £s&£> j\j d*Sj«>\ s^-\j ij\j> ul> <jyi**»

Or. 295.Foil. 177 ; 71 in. by 4J ; 11 lines, 2£ in.

long ; written in Nestalik; dated A.H.1220 (A.D. 1811). [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

Tbe Divan of'Ibrat.

Beg. ^ ^ >y» $\ Jih J <î>->lÛ-J i>l2^ Ji> jj^* yu-J &^

This poet, whose proper name was Husain,records the death of his father MuhammadSiddik in A.H. 1182, that of his spiritual guide,Sayyid Hasan Shah in A.H. 1188, and thebirth of his eldest son in A.H. 1190. His Di-vau contains chronograms relating to con¬temporary events in Multan, from A. H. 1177

to the date of its compilation, A.H. 1226,with marginal additions coming down toA.H. 1231.

Contents: Ghazals, in alphabetical order,fol. 2 b. Mukhammasiit, fol. 119 a. Mag-navis, fol. 123 b. Ruba'Is and Fardiyyat,fol. 128 a. Tazmin, an amplification of somemoral verses of Sa'di, in Ma§navi, fol. 132 a.Chronograms in prose and verse, with a shortpreamble by the author, fol. 138 b.

Or. 303.Foil. 74 ; 8J in. by 6; from 13 to 17 lines,

4£ in. long; written in cursive Nestalik;dated Zulhijjah, A.H. 1232 (A.D. 1817).

(Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

J*sjThe Divan of Mirza Katil, consisting of

Ghazals in alphabetical order.Beg. *«'ASl>- UsjU- ^

\j\*fiej\jj> JSST^Vj {j^J» *j

Mirza Katil has been already mentionedp. 64 b. A full notice of his life is to befound in the Naghmah i 'Andalib, fol. 149,where the date of his death, A.H. 1233, isingeniously expressed in this contemporarychronogram, by the letters ^ ^) ^. ^ ci_> til 2 :

\^)0\ j y j& j j ât*" j 0.9-^.-0

J Olij j\ \i 3j * ^ tixA

See the Oude Catalogue, p. 535, and theMunich Catalogue, p. 40.

Add. 18,546.Foil. 96; 8f in. by 5±; 12 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in fair Nestalik, with three'Unvans, and interlinear gilding throughout,early in the 19th century.

[H. Steensciiuss.]

P0ET11Y.—A.n. 1200—1300. 727

cjZjJ* £j\:J&cMasnavis of Shaukat.

The poet, who designates himself by theabove takhallus, held a high rank underFath 'AH Shah, and was probably connectedwith the royal family. It appears fromsome passages, as foil. 9, 10, 39, that he hadbeen sent by the Shah from Teheran to Shirazto take the government of that city, and that,during an illness which befell him there, hewas lovingly tended by three members ofthe Shah's family, for whom he professes themost tender regard, namely Prince Husain,his mother, the first wife of the Shah, andthe Prince's sister.

Husain 'AH Mirza, the eldest son of Path'AH Shah, held during thirty-six years hiscourt in Shiraz, as Governor of the provinceof Pars. At the time of Sir Gore Ouselcy'sstay in that city, A.D. 1811, he was abouttwenty-two years of age, the Queen aboutfifty, and the Princess eighteen. See Noticesof Persian Poets, p. 50, and Wm. Ouseley'sTravels, vol. ii. p. 13.

The poems contained in this volume haveneither titles nor headings. In all the poetdescribes, mostly in his own person, sometimesunder the disguise of fictitious characters,the longings and joys of true love, the pangsof separation, and the tortures of jealousy.

Contents : Pol. 2 b. Pirst Magnavi.Description of the author's journey to Shiraz,of his amorous passion, and his dangerousillness.

Beg. )j\ (_5_^—1> j^jf

Û«»J& aXv>- uO» }j>

It was completed, as stated at the end,fol. 13 b, in A.H. 1233 :

(_yoV_^,. >■ j\ Jjj— *,_£tJl£j Ji-la JjJ^l ^1 yUUj

£*J\j\J \j yiJl- e^sij

0**>^s> j\ Sto liÔji \j j

Pol. 13 b. Second Magnavi. The author issent from Teheran to Khabushan, from whencehe leads a plundering raid into the hills.The pains of absence, and love messages.The author's journey to Mashhad, Nisha-pur, and Firuzkuh. His return to Teheranand blissful meeting with his beloved.

Beg. Ôj^'i (jl-^-»T <j\ $\

kJ&j*> j& lkX~>j\J>.

Pol. 22 a. The tale of Humayun andMalaknaz, two lovers of Haidarabad.

Beg. (JLjjii j-s>)-$>

^£j>- Jj^P <3_j-J

Pol. 32 b. A dream of the Princess ofChina and her unhappy love.

Pol. 35 a. The poet's love-sickness, andhis dialogue with his physician.

Pol. 30 b. A short poem addressed to theShah at a hunting party.

Fol. 37 6. The author's message fromthe palace of Shiraz to his beloved.

Fol. 39 b. Love-letter. The pangs ofseparation.

Fol. 43 b. Discourse with a Sufi ondivine and earthly love.

Pol. 46 b. The story of Yusuf andZulaikha.

Beg. jj^l j»V,

**^hj wiHi"* (aC j^* ^J^p-

Fol. 60 b. The story of Prince Ilumayfin-Fal and Gulandam, the Vazlr's daughter.

Beg. Ayg. j\ JA^\ cil!U ^&yr}* ^jjl 1—'j* j 1

The rest of the volume, foil. 70 a—96 a,contains some short Masnavis, the complaintsof a deserted lover.

Bound the margins of the last two pagesare written some Ghazals by Khakan, i.e., Fath'All Shah.

728 POETRY.—GURAN DIALECT.

Or. 359.Foil. 130; 81 in. by 5f; 11 lines, 3£ in.

long ; written in cursive Nestalik ; datedA.H. 1256 (A.D. 1840).


J^jPAuthor: ZTrak, <JJ$The love-story of Prince Hans, son of the

king of Balkh, and the Chinese PrincessJavahir, a Ma§navi.

Beg- % *Uj yitf-

JWj j**Jai Sukh Rai Zirak, a Kayath of Dehli,

is mentioned by Sarvar, writing A.II. 1212,as a young poet, then about twenty years ofage. See Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 306,and G. de Tassy, Litt. Hind., vol. iii. p. 313.

The author, who dedicates the work toCaptain (afterwards Colonel) George "WilliamHamilton, relates how, having heard the taletold by a friend in a literary assembly, hewas prevailed upon by his younger brother,Khadim Hasanain, to put it into Persianverse. The poem was written, as stated atthe end, A.H. 1256, the author being thenin his 36th year.

The MS. is, according to the subscription,in the author's handwriting: t£ jiZ>i.As- e_i5yo JaJj ^.i lasfi ^j** (jli-Jjlô

îyj A«31

The poem consists, as stated in the last line,of 2736 distichs.

Or. 297.Foil. 60; 9} in. by 6j ; 15 lines, 4£ in.

long in a page; written in cursive Nestalik,for Col. George Wm. Hamilton, then Com¬missioner of Multan, dated A.D. 1861.

Author: Gada 'AH Shah, sL5> ^ \c£

Beg. i\j-> iXjIjujm* |tJuLJl^Jjio ur^j jd J\j> U U\ \j

The author, who uses the takhallus of 'Ali,is a Sufi poet of the most recent period.

Contents : Ghazals in alphabetical order,fol. 2 a. Ruba is, fol. 30 a. Fardiyyat, fol.54*.

Acid. 7829.Foil. 134; 8 in. by 5|; 15 lines, 2| in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, apparentlyearly in the 19th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

The contents are described by Rich onthe fly-leaf as follows :

"Two poems in the Guran dialect of theCourdish Language ; purchased at Sina,August, 1820."

Guran (probably from u ^ " fire-worship¬pers ") is the name given to the inhabitantsof Eastern, or Persian, Kurdistan, the capitalof which, Sina, was visited by Rich, inAugust 1820. See the " Narrative of aResidence in Koordistan," London, 1836,vol. i. pp. 80, 81 and 199.

Although spoken in Kurdistan, the dialectis essentially Persian. In its vocabulary andgrammatical structure it agrees in the mainwith the language of Iran, from which itdiffers, however, by certain phoneticalchanges, by its verbal inflexions, its pre¬positions, and some other peculiar words.As it does not appear to have attractednotice, the following brief sketch of itsprincipal features will not be superfluous:—

Phonetic changes.— Medial or final a is

frequently dropped. Ex. j[>i ' sight, face'(jMi 4j 'more' (wbj), U_> 'on foot'(jÛ-j), ^-y^ ' white' (jou«0, ' gave'(ab), 'saw' jj 'quick' (ijj).

POETRY.—GURAN DIALECT. 729

The aspirates t, ^, and ^, medial or final,generally disappear, and a preceding vowel,if in a closed syllable, is lengthened.

Ex.: 1 city, empire ' (î), p\» ' under¬standing' (—i), j\* 'poison' jy 'seal'(X*)> el) <4 'cruel' (^j jfi, 'plain'0,sO> 'trial' (ois?), Cyy 'love'(tl*-*-*), ' space of time' (sj.cj), 4rS>' flame ' (*U£»), &ib ' taunt' (&i*lj), and even

A; 'wound' for î-j. U 'he laid' (jl^), bo' look' (s\oo), y^'mountain' (syO, %o ' advice '

(^^<e), t-fco ' morning ' (g*>), OU ' hour '(hi*L»), A ' my way' (^y, Oly)' thy soul'(c^y).

Persian îs often replaced by as in ^.b' burn' (clo), ' brain' (cl*>), • b ' garden'

M ^- ^— w

(£b), > 'grief (^), J^. 'he roared' (oj^p).The j stands for uj in ' enough' ((jy),

' springtide ' (jly), ' pretext' (sol^),y^j 'tongue' (^bj), 'sleep' (<^]yr), ^' night' (t—and many other words.

The same letter is preserved in somewords in wbich Persian has substituted ii/for it, as in »yj ' fashion, manner' (ajyO»Jjj 'round' (sj), e.'J£>j 'become'and j. } ' to pass ' (joi).

Most Persian words beginning with yvhave in Guran a 3 alone. Ex.: <jl.3j ' him¬self ' ((ji^), uS.j ' sweet' (<j-yV), jj ' to cat'(jy-), 'to call, to read' (y,^), 'hedesired'

In a few words J appears to have taken

the place of Persian J} as in y1 'to go' (3J ),J* 'bird' Ja* 'love' (^), 'cy¬press' ^) 'quarter, side' (A,), and J;/' to turn, to wander '

Nouns. —The Guran dialect has still lessvol. 11.

declension than Persian ; for the particle \jis absent. The accusative is expressed byposition alone, and the dative by prepositions.The plural is in J for all nouns ; ex. ^buu*' stones,' ' flowers.' The Yae Vahdatassumes before the Iziifat, or enclitics, theform y; ex.: ^ j>j» ' a suitable object,'^y-ai.*- ' there is a person.'

Pronouns. — The detached personal pro¬nouns are ^* or ^\ ' I,' y ' thou,' y" or Sj'he, she,' t+>\ 'we,' or w ll>jl 'they.'They are used also for the accusative, in¬stead of y \Ji etc.

The cnclitical forms, which are, as inPersian, j», o, W U, Jo, W U5>, are veryextensively used, both to express possession,and to form the complement of verbs andprepositions. They also play an importantpart, as will be seen further on, in the con¬jugation of the past tenses.

Tho reflexive pronoun has distinct formsfor each person, viz. Oj 'myself,' c-oj 'thy¬self, (jijj ' himself ' ((jioy-).

The demonstratives are j\ ' that' Lj),ao, or wol 'this' (^yj), and 001 'this'

(neuter). The interrogatives are ^' who ?',

u Jo?- ' what ?' ^ and ' what ? 'adjectively Qyô/jjo^).

Verbs. —The verb ' to be' is represented byw s> or l* ' is,' corresponding to and by

the enclitic w ----as in^JLtj ^l>b-,'myheart is sore' (o«>l Other encliticalforms are * .... Or for the first person,^ . . . and ,j for the second. The past has

^ ' was ' (<>y), jû ' I was ' (^y), ^ ' theywere' (oooy); the perfect ^yL) 'has been'(CL^\ aoy); the subjunctive y (oy), plur.

u b (joy) ; the optative ^b (ob), A> (p£»b),and the imperative jo or y.

Q Q

730 POETRY.—GUEAN DIALECT.

The present tense takes the prefix f, occa¬sionally written Thus from , which,in striking agreement with Sanskrit, takesthe place of 3 i, we have y*\y> 'he says,' andfrom ^.j 'to see' yjy Gi-io The per¬sonal inflexions will be shown by thefollowing paradigm of the verb j> ' to do ':—

vjJ^ or = ^.C*^_Co = iJjjCiA

3J JÂ =

f*.f* or - ,»feA.Cyt

ij^jL-i* — t^Juiok*

U ]J^ ~ (XU-ûO

The future, which is also used as subjunc¬tive, has the same inflexions, but substitutesthe prefix l-j for j»: u3J^> ' I shall do,' Jj}\j'he will bring,' 'that he may bring,' etc.The imperative, which is generally foundwith the prefix , but sometimes without it,mostly takes in the singular the termination i .Ex.: ss^'do' (^j), 'do not' (^), &»-y.'say' (yo), »yio 'hear' (y-ij), «y, 'read'( li) \ya). Plural ^j/, etc.

The past adds, as in Persian, & or Oto the root in the case of strong verbs,as JjjT 'brought,' ijf 'did,' Olj'said,' oo-^' heard.' "Weak verbs form the same tense

in \, as ' drew' (sxz/), U^j ' asked 1U,' ' commanded' The latter

formation applies to many verbs which inPersian are strong verbs, as ' rose'

'knew' (ci*i-Ui>),]#j 'shed'(OJtf,), 01, 'drove' while other verbsoccur with either inflexion, as djX»> or ljU*>'entrusted,' ti~iiy or Uoy 'wrote.'

The personal terminations are as follows :

p5\) = j^LftS ^LeT = j»jw<T

= <-?^*' = tf^l

0)j = <Jl*a-£ ^—«T = ii_*l

— W U~ =

The past with the prefix ^ forms theimperfect: o\y ' was saying' (câZThe perfect is, in form, identical with the

infinitive : ' has done ' (o—1 »^),' has seized' »^), ÛT ' is come'

The pluperfect has 'hadseized' G>y ,j Ui 'had laid' Gay Siiljj).

There is, however, another form of thepast, more commonly used than the first,and which is one of the most strikingfeatures of the dialect. The ground-formof the past remains uninflccted, and thesubject is expressed by the enclitical formsof the pronouns, which are appended, eitherto the past itself, or to some precedingword. Thus we have yijlj ' he said' (nottj&&, but **z~.ht y"), ' they said ' (.vila£),^ti/ ' we did ' (*><*/), Oly ' thou saidst'

(<j*y>J)>^/ |»V 'I took place' (^.ij])3 ^ j»t> set 0ut ' (A* I?* *f jj** f-53 ttX*' I adopted thee' L,i£ J^Jf \jitI*iLS» ' how many taunts did I hear'

(^yij »Xn\o ax*.), Cif ' thou savedstme' (ijii/ \j<>), Ulj ^1^*0 'they readthe letter' (jjjjly- ^^13), ^lliyss? 'theytook Majnun (jo<v ^ c) y* !*)> (j^j^' they did not sleep ' (s>i*j£> <-->ly-).

The same construction applies also tothe other past tenses, as in the followingexamples: cîd/ 'thou hast done' (*s>i/),

' I have desired' (âj o^->y'thou hast made a mistake' y

^s^), ^y^* 'when have I seen thee ?'î«> 'thou hast

made me mad' (nzf \sxJi> y), ' he was

POETRY.—GUEAN DIALECT. 731

Baying ' (câi^), ^bi'i \yo ' they were saying'(jjjiS ^j>), \j>\y* j^lc- 'he was studying' (y\&jjlji- (j>), (jtw ajj ' he had seen' (jy

The infinitive or verbal noun adds ^ asin Persian, to the ground form of the past.Ex.: ^C)j 3 'eating' (^^y-), J>J 'seizing'(jtij), u bJ 'coming' ^ 'seeing'

'g° m g' (J*>)>Causative verbs are formed by adding u

to the root, as in Uy) ' caused to trcmhle,shook' yj^y 'causes to flow, sheds '

u*0-An interesting passive form in ^ is found

only in the past, as \>£ ' was made ' (±Ji> tjj),L*-y> 'was burnt' and in theperfect, as Û-l^ ' is killed' Gj*~J b::^),^b-jy ' is written' (e^—^ «Xi»y).

The following table shows the thirdperson singular past and present, and occa¬sionally other characteristic forma, of someof the most common verbs, in so far as theydiffer, wholly or in part, from Persian:—

J>jl ' heard ' (?UT 'came'(i«i), y* or yb*'comes' Uif,*);

plur. ^b* 'they come'; fut.^y ; imper. sybj.\±>\ ' wounded, hurt'; pres.

' thrust, planted'; pres. yu-A«.b ' gave' jA« or 'gives' ;

plur. u b* or 'they give;' subj. j*>,

first pers. plur. ^jj, ^jj, or ; imper.or jO {ts>).

Uij^ ' shone, sparkled ;' pres. .yS^J*.^ or bii ' saw;' pres.

bj^ ' prepared ' (C**^T).

0\j ' knew ' (C*~ito), y]^ ' knows ' (wb^);imper.

bj ' came out, issued.'

or 1 took' (jju*»), 1 takes.'or ' laid, put down ;' pres. y'bl*.

e^.aj^. 1 heard,' ^yi* ' they hear.' went' (j^>), yi-c ' goes '; imper. ^£>.

Oy ' seized' (o^jyO; pres. jy/*.ft^'did'; pres. jy<*; subj., 1st pers. wy^J,

3rd pers. plur. ^yj ; imper.y^, »y, orI,/'wept' (O^.

(bUi^) and ' fell'; subj. y*£.or bbi" ' sentybiU ' sends.'

5l^> ' turned, wandered' (a^J) ; pres. yb£«(itt/^).

j,jW> ' he docs not leave or let alone.'ly" 'went' (£*ij)', imper. (,y).

'stood'; imper. tj±+?.'remained' (jjl*) ; pres. y'U^.

' sat down' ; pres.

(aifcLj (_^c).bi 'laid down' (1)'^); subj. C*yb) ; im¬

per. i^J.c

<i,\j or 'ate' G^y*) J pres. jjj*, or jyyj(^y- tj*)-

c^**i\j 'asked, desired' (c**lyV); pres. jjyj(jjblyv ^jc).

_y5»,^* ' sells ' (^jyc^-Jj 'threw, cast down'; subj. (?)jjy.

or bMj ' called, read' (^y-); pres. yy>.

»iy_j ' passed' (c^£>b£); pres. jy.^* Gi^^).lyb 'arrived, reached' (cîb); pres. ybju*

C-vb. ,_<*)•

Prepositions. —They are numerous, notto say redundant, and differ widely from thePersian words of the same class. Nearly allcombine with the pronominal suffixes, a wbeing in some cases inserted between thetwo elements, j, which is generally substi¬tuted for Persian l^, *j, in all its meanings,

Q Q 2

732 POETRY.—GURAN DIALECT.

forms with the pronouns the groups r Sj 'tome,' (ji.ij ' to him,' etc. ^ ' to, for, on ac¬count of,' is also used to express the dative;

with the pronouns it forms ^.j ' to me,''to thee'; also J^, cîj, with the samemeaning. The dative is likewise expressed byJ, apparently borrowed from Arabic, whichoccurs only in connection with pronouns, ase^J ' to thee,' ^liJ ' to them.' ^ ' for,towards,' takes also the pronominal suffixes,as in ' for me,' ' for us.'

yOrsi, which does not combine with thepronouns, is found, strangely enough, in twoopposite meanings, viz. 'in,' and 'from.'The latter meaning is more generally con¬

veyed by ^, *s-, or «> (which, however, isalso sometimes used in the sense of ' in');with the pronouns: J^> ' from me' Q^),Clc*. ' from thee.' Jf* ' with': ' withme.' ' like.' lo ' after' (JIjo^).

ta and jj are frequently affixed to a noungoverned by a preposition; ex. Uibt_j 3'into the desert,' 'upon theground,' jjl^ 'before God.'

The pronominal suffix is sometimes de¬tached from the preposition, and appendedto a preceding word. Ex.: &i> , for

^ 'tell me'; *;>■ for wlim ,' take from me.'

There are, besides, several compound pre¬positions, as ' into,' J3 cj ' round,' Jjo'amid,' "ij 'up to, towards': <j£slj 'to him,'^ ' with, by ': ^J&Û- ' with him, near him'

u^J 'upon,' etc.

Adverbs. —y J} Jjj, 'out, outside,' J^' down,' ' off, away,' ' up, aloft,' asin CjJ jf> 'raised' (sîjj), \y>^ (for'rose' {\^^J); jt> 'always,' >\ or

' now' ^\ jj), Lyl ' then' (cêL, WT),\*af? 'since' (c^s>\>*^W), 'when,' ^dj\'now,' Uj3 'there,' jjj! 'so much,' ^Jxb'longer, further, 'thus,' j^T 'to-day,'j2~+>\ ' to-night,' jc 'if, perhaps' (JL), y>- A%

' or' (df- b), ^.. . ' also ' (only in connection

with pronouns, as ^> ' I also,' 'healso'), etc.

The following are a few other words peculiarto the dialect:— Jj^^ 'wandering,distracted';

and yiyJ ' a tear '; ; &T or Jy ( fire ' (jS\) ;o\,T 'request,' ^b 'father'; \j> 'brother'

tts

(jd\j) ; jj> ' great'; iJJj ' garments '; ^JL^' scattered, distressed ' (^Ll^j); A>. ' time '(Jo) ; cî--?" ' haste ' U^); ' state, con¬

dition'; &jg. 'liver' (jC); ^ 'eye ' (^J;jj^^y ' face ' ((â^s-) ; J^». ' desert' ;' four' ; JU- ' lock, ringlet' ; «j>b'mother'; tilia 'sound, voice'; 5 ' cap¬tive' ; j\j ' speech'; t6\j ' road'; ^bj^ ' way¬farer '; jj and 'day' *blj 'cry,lamentation'; ->jj ' sad '; U; 'bridegroom'(jLb); ^ ' woman'; clJ* ' mad ' (b-£);jj^jiii and ' distress, lament'; ' much,many '; $J and CUi/ and ' all,whole'; a* US' ' daughter '; X>£ ' cheek ;'' old ' ; ^b/' soul, life ' ; ^ ' side,quarter' (»«>); 5^1' a moment;' CiliU ' moon,

month '; to)j ' desire ' (jte\f>-) ; ^s> ' poor ';' onset' (c-Us-); <j*'jje> ' sigh, breath ';

j}* 'sky'; ^yb 'blood' (^Jj «^b ' place'(&*V); <6b ' house ' (ails-).

The contents of the present volume are asfollows:—

I. Eol. 1 b. SiJ^jy- L_-'b£, the talc ofKhurshid, son of the king of Khavar Zamin,

POETRY.—GURAN DIALECT. 733

and Khiraman, the daughter of the emperorof China.

Beg. J^. ote (j\ ±*>)ta&j jj^- i/^ ^.y^ (*i (_s^.j_jjj6 ^Lib }i~>{ a.—i *jLJu£>

jjli- tdlU (jJ) &> (»>jj) 0J JfcU>jb

II. Eol. 08 ft. w yV JJ ^>b^ the wellknown story of Laili and Majnun.

The first line is wanting ; the next fol¬lowing are:

^* ^ Lf U>£ Hj(l^'i) L;_> >«j\Si ^V,Ul J,& <t)T j

Both poems are anonymous. They arewritten in popular style, and in a verysimple form of versification. Each line iscomposed of ten syllables, without any fixedrule in respect to quantity, and is divided by acesure into two hemistichs of equal length.The Izafat and the conjunction } , when pre¬ceded by a vowel, either short or long, formwith it one syllable. The following lines,in which the Persian equivalents are addedin parenthesis, may serve as a specimen:

jl&j y j>,<&3 _j^5o

(jVy [(•"»*•>.] »**3 y^ j ] jj/>)J^Zt (_^j)j*>> <j\jSb &xZij}'s-

JJ^~ t/ 1-* tf^ (^) J ^

li^Cij ^ jU j ii^ O"" 5

dj^'i <o jb aj ^ sjjsJ*')

u* e# u^jy ls^ (^^) u^\j

(J^.li j bjii ^

^ ^ ^b OUi

((^H *»Ma-*1 s? ^ ^b oUi)

r b Ci^jji ij^y

y jj>i ft-ix**)

(liAjf) li***^ t-'J^, Go) a

jj 5- <^*?j ^ ^ &

C^b (jj* oay- tiwyvÛj C^) <0 (,Jb-j) (/jj^ J^'j W

(Îkc) Jblk* ^b^ CîJ (w) j ^Xî

(? O-JjU^) WJ b„i Îp (^1 (C^ft?) O^j ^j^-

(uL**rtjbî» (jj^*> y (iy.^)

j^n"* f**f y lt^ 5(^b,^ ^ b J^>b ujU

jlC) j»J*J Ojc ^>JbS>) ^ j^J Oî-j

r^bw) J uy/ 13 '(f^)

sj^j (^j) ^ jsj, (cô^) C>\3 »IS»»5b,T C^So) jl£5» »&-»UT

(^) pis Ja* L_*9-boyjj (J^frb-

l»U3 ^«*jU»T (uSj,!^)(ji.^ (lib) b u-jljb _j jli. (io) j ((i'ii!) eâ^l^y>

jl5^> (5^ ^ yi-jy^

ilib^ (^) jjUV j^li*

»IS> Ûx* (j^) <6 (jjj) jj ^Si" (.W^ ^ pS-Lji'5 J u*!;^

(sli> sV^J W jialJ^ jjiibu-J.l)

syjj yw ^j^- ^ * J

(i\y>. &>\x-> J>.^y- «Â5»b 0S=)

j^jj j-oi' (jO ib (j-J) loT^> 8^b

Jj» u;WjV u?»^ jj 13 J>

Add. 7826.Poll. 151 j 6 in. by 4; 12 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedA.H. 1231 (A.D. 1816) [CI. J. Rich.]

Khusrau and Shirin, a Masnavi in thesame dialect, and the same measure.

The MS. appears to have been transcribedfrom an imperfect copy; it begins abruptlywith the following lines:

POETRY.—ANTHOLOGIES.

J\f Jbj J 1-* $te c^==>— s—.'i—M& Jj3 \*

jj> Xi j\ (^y—^^-juj*

y> b <ib_ >

^>b\_* \—>\j At*. bJ k_*o *=-

*J <j?^j w^r* - * ^r-^ (_s^

Add. 23,554.Poll. 53; 6$ in. by 4£; 12 lines, 3 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, early inthe 19th century. [Rob. Tayloe.J

^jJJ^ jJ^j, a poem in the same dialect,treating of the love adventures of Bahrain,son of King Kishvar, and Gulandam, daugh¬ter of the emperor of China. It is imperfectat beginning and end. The first lines areas follows:—

J/, \a3ft- (±&jr Lf) V*y?Jj^. (jO *r

Jy. (Ji*) fly* (joJiiô) ItXo Jj (jO &>•

jm> (jIj^jjo) jjLii-j jîijî- «^

^) (jijL.** L-J^ji- &>■ (c^-Ao- ^ î^ 1

^ (c->.

^ t3 j-» w Aj J^. (^Jjy, J) 1^-*

U*-> (Jl^) bi. (ji^^j*

uub, (y) *i Us—53^) e^£J* ^ (Ji.)

'*^Jpw« e^^>. U>J^) jj

Û. (jUiO \jjl

^±26 (j\) &»- Csy.^) ^jju £,13 j,li>

ANTHOLOGIES.Add. 7825.

Poll. 159; 7£ in. by 4£; 9 lines, 3 in.long; written in large Naskhi, apparently inthe 14th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

A collection of short poetical extracts,Arabic and Persian, classed according to sub¬jects. See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 502.

The names of the authors are seldom given.Of Persian poets the following alone arementioned:—Pirdusi, foil. 29, 34, 74, 75,SamVi, fol. 11, the author of t/iV-tf' OUIE*(Haj. Khal., vol. vi. p. 57), fol. 61, Anvari,foU. 12, 62, 83, Nizami, fol. 22, and Sa'di,foil. 11, 38, 59, 134.

The MS., which is imperfect at both ends,and wants some leaves in the body of thevolume, begins with the rubric: i^b

U-j Jj^M Jj-oi w})o t/;bo3\j (JlPûJ l-_ji*aiM_? j'ilj^b. A spurious beginning andend, and false catchwords, have been addedby a later hand.

Add. 16,561.Poll. 89; 9 in. by 5; 17 lines, 3 in. long;

written in fine Nestalik, on tinted, glazed,and gold-sprinkled paper, with eleven 'Un-vans, and nine miniatures of the highestdegree of finish ; dated Shamakhi (Shirvan),Rabi' II., A.H. 873 (A.D. 1468); bound instamped leather.

Select Ghazals from the Divans of twelvepoets of the 8th and 9th centuries of theHi] rah. The first heading is Ji/

lS^W"

Beg. Jb/ J*\ ^ s£ w UT ^n* _ULSi!

JUL. ^ji- Cdll^ o V-i.J0

There are similar headings to the remain¬ing sections, each of which contains Ghazalsextracted from one Divan, and arranged inalphabetical order.

The selections are from the Divans of thefollowing poets:

1. Kamal Khujandl (p. 632 b), fol. 1.2. Hafiz Shirazi (p. 627 b), fol. 6.3. Amir Khusrau (p. 609 a), fol. 13.4. Maulana Kfitibi (p. 637 6), fol. 23.5. Maulana Ashraf (probably Darvish

POETRY.—ANTHOLOGIES. 735

Ashraf, who lived under Sultan Muhammad13. Baisunghar; see Ilahi, Oude Catalogue,p. 71, and Biblioth. Sprenger., No. 1379;compare Sir Wm. Ouseloy's Catalogue, No.152), fol. 41.

Beg. \Ja iAJ c> y j^Ab £j J\y ^Ls- »1>-\jm (j^.y- 't-^>

6. Amir Shahi (p. 640 a), fol. 50.7. Nfisir (a Darvish of Bukhara, who visited

Salman Siivaji in Baghdad in the reign ofShaikh Uvais, A.H. 757—776; see Daulat-shrdi, v. 5, Haft Iklim, fol. 591, Taki, OudeCatalogue, p. 18, and the TTpsala Catalogue,p. 103; it is stated in the Tabakat i Shahja-hani, fol. 39, that Niisir died A.H. 772),fol. 57.

Beg. \,U J*, fj) y ^ T ^\

1> bvj r* iji & j>. y

8. Maulana Bisfiti (of Samarkand, a dis¬ciple of 'Jsmat, and the favourite poet of Sul¬tan KhalU, A.H. 807—811; see Daulatshfih,vi. 4, Taki, p. 19, Lata'if, fol. 9, and the UpsalaCatalogue, p. 111. According to the Taba¬kat i Shahjahani, fol. 74, Bisati died young,A.H. 808. The Mirat i Jahannuma, fol.308, gives A.H. 815 as the date of his death),fol. 62.

Beg. jj^ ufj^g* s r /

p\ «jly,ii ^yc t£ jo b ^ \j«

There is a lacune extending from theletter t in the above section to the letter i_->in the next.

9. Khayali (p. 639 a), fol. 68.10. Jami (p. 643 a), fol. 74.11. Tusi, fol. 80. 'Abd Ullah Tusi, a native

of Khorasan, was attached to Sultan Abul-Kasim Biibur, after whose death, A.H. 801,he passed to the court of Jahanshah. Hedied in old age, A.H. 869; see Daulatshah,vii. 12, Taki, Oude Catalogue, p. 19, Lata'if,fol. 11, etc.

Beg. l/* 0 j j\* j9 l?^

yL-* till* jijy c^fli;12. Tali'i (of Samarkand, who died A.H.

858; see Taki, Oude Catalogue, p. 19, theSt. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 311, Latu'if,fol. 11, and the Munich Catalogue, p. 29),fol. 86.

Beg. Lj *±>i i^Jjh j> \j* y<j$bj y jjjlo t l*g

Copyist: (JUai-j <—

Add. 7824.Foil. 234; 8£ in. by 4|; 14 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fine Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins and ten *Unvans, apparentlyin the 16th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

Select Ghazals from the Divans of the fol¬lowing ten poets, ranging from the 7th tothe 10th century of the Hijrah, with the

heading: ^s*^ -gP> ^ya l->\J$M1. ^Sa'di (p. 595 a), fol. 1.2. Amir Khusrau (p. 609 a), fol. 27.3. Hasan Dihlavi (p. 618 a), fol. 68.4. Kamal Khujandi (p. 632 b), fol. 88.5. Katibi (p. 637 a), fol. 109.6. Amir Humayun (a Sayyid, of Asfariiin,

who lived chiefly in Tabriz, at the court ofSultan Ya'kiib. He died near Kum, A.H.908. See Taki, Oude Catalogue, p. 20, SamMirzu, fol. 30, Atashkadah, fol. 35, HaftIklim, fol. 327, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol.503), fol. 123.

Beg. W>\ ciJU J 5 iiJU ^ J JU- yjo.U\ uUU- Ji j *J j> *M ^ $

7. Ahli Shlrazi (p. 657 a), fol. 137.8. Baba Fighani (p. 651 a), fol. 170.9. Shahidi, fol. 190. Maulana Shahidi,

of Kum, was Malik ush-Shu'ara in thereign of Sultan Ya'kub (A.H. 883—896).After that king's death he repaired to India,and settled in Gujrat, where he died, nearly

736 POETRY.—ANTHOLOGIES.

a hundred years old, in A.H. 935. See SumMirza, fol. 99, Haft Iklim, fol. 401, Riyazush-Shu*ara, fol. 232, and Taki, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 21.

Beg' U jjj <-j>W

U ^JUf »aJf Sj> ^yr J^->10. Muhtasham (p. 665 b), fol. 207.

Add. 7796.Foil. 361; 12f in. by 8; 15 and 17 lines,

3^ in. long, with 30 lines in the margins;written in neat Nestalik, apparently in the16th century. [01. J. Rich.]

A vast collection of Kasidahs and Ghazalsby various poets, ranging from the fifth tothe tenth century of the Hijrah.

The original arrangement of the MS. hasbeen disturbed, and, as many leaves are losthere and there, it is not possible to restore itwith any degree of certainty. The Kasidahs,followed by some Tarkib-bands, occupy thecentral space of the pages, without any ap¬parent system of classification, except this,that poems composed in the same measure,and with the same rhyme, by different poets,are grouped together. But the authors'names are, with few exceptions, omitted.

The Ghazals are written in the margins,partly promiscuously, partly in a number ofalphabetical series, each by one author. Theseconnected series belong to the followingpoets : Asafi (p. 651 b), foil. 6—11. Hasanof Dehli (p. 618 a), foil. 42—63. Kahi(probably Kasim Kahl, of Kabul, a pupil ofJami, who died in Agra, A.H. 973; seeRiyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 384, and Blochmann,Ain Akbari, p. 209), foil. 63—73, 207—211.Shahi (p. 640 a), foil. 74—108. Bisati(p. 735 a), foil. 108—113. Haidar (pro¬bably Haidar Kulichah-paz, of Herat, whodied A.H. 959; see Taki, p. 22, and SamMirza, fol. 106), foil. 211—230, 122—138.Ahi (a Turkish Amir, who was attached to

Gharib Mirza, son of Abul-Ghazi Sultan-Hu-sain, and died A.H. 927 ; see Oude Cata¬logue, pp. 21, 327, and the Vienna Catalogue,vol. i. p. 578), foil. 139, 140, 167—189,231-2. Ahli Khurasan! (p. 657 a), foil.233—244, 253—260, 141—144. Salman(p. 624 b), foil. 144—146. 'Ismat (Khwajah'Ismat Ullab, of Bukhara, who was thefavourite poet of Sultan Khalil and of MirzaUlugh Beg, and died A.H. 829; see Daulat-shiih, vi. 5, Taki, Oude Catalogue, p. 19, andHaft Iklim, fol. 592), foil. 147—163.

Add. 19,494.Foil. 85; 81 in. by 5J ; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated the 28thyear (probably of Shah 'Alam = A.H. 1200,A.D. 1786).

Select Ghazals by some of the most popularpoets of Persia from the 7th to the 10thcentury of the Hijrah, arranged in onealphabetical series.

The most frequently recurring names arethose of Jami, Sa'di, Hafiz, Khusrau, Salman,Hilali, Shahi, Asafi.

Or. 1228.Foil. 59; 5| in. by 3f; 11 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the18th century. [Alex. Jaba.J

Select Ghazals by various poets, arrangedin alphabetical order under each of thefollowing names : Khwajah Hasan, fol.1 b, Jami, fol. 18 a, Hafiz, fol. 21 a, Shahi,fol. 35 b, Ahli, fol. 46 a. Appended aresome Ruba'is and Kit/ahs, fol. 51 a.

Add. 6634.Foil. 214; lOf in. by 6f; written in

Nestalik, in three columns with about 16


slanting lines in each, apparently in thelatter part of the 17th century.

[J. F. Hull.]Select verses by poets of the latter part

of the 10th and of the 11th century of theHijrah.

The extracts arc confined, with but fewexceptions, to one or two lines, but some¬times they form a series belonging to onepoet, whose name is given in the heading.The general arrangement appears to bo chro¬nological.

It may be seen from an original folio'ing,beginning with 397 (fol. 188) that the MS.once formed part of a larger volume.

The more extensive extracts are :— ?&s-j**?j\j a Sufi poem in the form of a Tarji'-band,by Kashfl (Amir Salih; see p. 154 a, andthe Oude Catalogue, p. 456), completed, asstated at the end, A.H. 1030, foil. 82—88.^^Jbj i\s>J, a poem by Vahshi (p. G63 b),foil. 160—180. j\J 3 jy» a poem by Nau'i(see p. 674 a), foil. 180—187. A fragmentof a fairy talc in prose, the hero of which iscalled Tamim, foil. 46—54.

Add. 6633.Foil. 242; 8% in. by 4|; 14 lines, 2| in.

long; written in fair Shikastah-amiz, withgold-ruled margin; dated Eabi* I., A.H. 1117(A.D. 1705). [J. E. Hull.]

(JUjiMA collection of choice verses by ancient

and modern poets, suitable for quotation inelegant letter-writing.

Author : Muhammad Sadik B. Shamsud-Dln 'Ali, a native of Kuhkailuyah (avillage of GarmsTr, province of Ears), a**?

Jy^ »/ ti* \a>J& lt*^

Beg. y ol*jy» •} J\The author states in the preface that he

had made this compilation by desire of hisvol. II,

patron, Zulfakar Khan (the well-knownAmir of Aurangzib's reign, who was put todeath A.H. 1124), and adds in the epiloguethat it was completed in A.H. 1117. Thedate is conveyed by the chronogram :

^J(C ^ L^-i-rfA-*-)

JS' y* (jibj ^ j\The work is divided into four sections termeda^ijj, with minuto subdivisions. The MS. is,as stated at the end, the second draft writtenby the author himself.

Add. 16,802 and 16,803.Two uniform volumes of 429 and 453 foil.;

8^ in. by 4§; 15 lines, 3| in. long; writtenin fair Shikastah-amiz ; dated Lahore,Zulka'dah, A.H. 1152, and Muharram, A.H.1153 (A.D. 1740). [Wm. Yule.]

V^jA* (jfilo

A Persian anthology compiled by MirzaBidil (see p. 706 b).

It contains choice pieces by a vast numberof poets from the age of Ivhakani to theauthor's time, classed according to thevarious styles of poetical composition, andarranged, in each class, in alphabetical orderaccording to the rhymes.

Poems written by different authors in thesame measure and with the same rhyme aregrouped together. The names of the poetsare given in versified headings like the

following: ^ ^ M ^j** t and sISjjU./i**5^ i^j** j^-j"*

Contents: Kasidahs, Add. 16,802, fol. 3 b.Ghazals, ib. foil. 135—429, and Add. 16,803,foil. 1—136.

Mu'ammas, or riddles, Add. 16,803, fol.136. Ruba'is, fol. 139. Mustazad, fol. 200.Kit'ahs, fol. 212. Short pieces in Masnavirhyme, fol. 224.

Longer Magnavis by the following poets:R R

1. SalTm (Muhammad Kuli, a native ofTeheran, who was first attached to Mlrza'Abd Ullah, governor of Lahijan. He sub¬sequently went to India, and found a patronin Islam Khan, an Amir of Shahjahan. Hedied in Kashmir A.H. 1057. See the OudeCatalogue, p. 556, Mir'at Aftabnumii, fol.141, Mirat Jahannuma, fol. 356). 2. Ashraf(Muhammad Sa'id, of Mazandaran, who wentto India and became the instructor of Zibun-Nisii Begam, daughter of Aurangzib, anda favourite of Bahadur Shah. He died atMoughyr some time after the death of thatprince. See the Oude Catalogue, p. 340,Haft Asmiin, p. 158, and Mir'at Jahannuma,fol. 307). 3. Mir Yahya (a native of Kashan,who went to India, wrote a Shahnamah forShahjahan and poems in praise of Darashikuh,and died A.H. 1074. See the Oude Catalogue,p. 115, Mir'at Aftabnumii, fol. 157, and Mir'atJahannuma, fol. 410). 4. Hakim Rukna(p. 688 a). 5. Trdib Amull (p. 679 b).

Mukhammasat, fol. 293. Masnavis descrip¬tive of female beauty, by Mirza Bidil, fol.388. Masnavis on moral subjects by thesame, fol. 402. Letters and other com¬positions in prose by Bidil and other writers,fol. 411. Musaddasat, fol. 423. Riddles inprose, fol. 432. Versified chronograms re¬lating chiefly to the death of poets, andbrought down to A.H. 1121, fol. 434. A taleof a simple-minded Brahman and the wilesof his artful wife, in prose, foil. 444—451.

The margins contain, besides some addi¬tional short poems, the following pieces :—1. ^jjijUl i^j, a tract in six Babs, ascribed tothe celebrated Sufi, Khwajah 'Abd UllahAnsari (see Haj. Khal. vol. iii. p. 526), Add.16,802, foil. 12—23. 2. "ingeniousobservations," by 'Abd ul-Ahad, surnamedVahdat, ib. foil. 23—26. 3. )hs\y j" counsels and exhortations," by Nakhshabi,foil. 27—30. 4. JU- an erotic poemby Tajalli (Mulla 'AH Riza, a native ofArdakfm, province of Yazd, stayed some

time in India during the reign of Shahjahan,and spent the latter part of his life, underShah 'Abbas II. and Sulaiman, in his nativeland, where he died A.H. 1088. See theOude Catalogue, p. 150, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol.89), Add. 16,803, foil. 388—393. 5.jAjJJ _j jViSy, a contest between poppy andtobacco," a Magnavi by Mujrim (see the OudeCatalogue, p. 183), foil. 393—397. 6. Letterof Ni'mat Khan 'Ali (p. 268 b) to IradatKhan Vazih, foil. 403—408. 7. Jiji OU&i,"anecdotes of the great," foil. 408—411.8. Extracts from ji.fr j ^L*- aJl-*;,by the same M'mat Khan, foil. 411—414.9. jt, u~^> a Tarji' by 'Urfi (p. 667 a), andother poems of the same kind, foil. 434—441.

Add. 7822.Foil. 185 ; 0>l in. by 3|; 10 lines, If in.

long; written in neat Shikastah-amiz, with'Unvan and gold-ruled margins ; datedRabi' II., A.H. 1063 (A.D. 1653).

[CI. J. Rioh.]A collection of Ruba'is by the four follow¬

ing poets:

1. Sahabi (see p. 672 b), fol. 1.2. Abu Sa'id B. Abil-Khair (see p. 342 b,

the Oude Catalogue, p. 309, and Ethc, " dieRuba is des Abu Sa'id," Sitzungsberichte derBayer. Akademie, 1875, p. 146), fol. 133.

Beg. ,_s\j\ Jlfr »U y (jy tj\«^fii (_^UV-> Jjj _j y (J'fj

3. Mulla 'Abd ul-Vasi' Ardabili, poeticallysurnamed Mahvi, fol. 154.

Beg. jci-b ,3.Sfr &jk»-b jiii5y. s.>m) jsi' 1,^ <>*i j»-

This poet, who is generally called MirMughis. Mahvi Hamadani, and is celebratedfor his Ruba'is, was born in Asadabad, nearHamadan, and studied in Ardabil. After astay in India under the patronage of the

Khankhanfin ('Abd ur-Rahim), he returnedto his native land, and died in Hamadan,A.H. 1016. See Blochmann, Ain i Akbari,p. 585, Haft Iklim, fol. 424, Badaoni, p. 343,Ataslikadah, fol. 116, Biyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol.420. The last work mentions anotherMahvl Ardabili, whose proper name was'Abd ul-'Ali, and who died in BurhanpurA.H. 1025.

4. Baba Afzal Kashi, fol. 170.

Beg. (jry Ol>l> j ^ b

(J^-> Ob^/O Wl6= ^j-^LS p»Afzal ud-Dln, of Kashan, died A.H. 707;

see TakI, Oude Catalogue, p. 17, and Atasli¬kadah, fol. 107.

Or. 328.Poll. 54; 8$ in. by 4£; 17 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Ncstalik, apparently in the17th century. Prom the royal library ofLucknow. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

A collection of satires written by variouspoets on their contemporaries.

Beg. jb j£>i> s& bo, } ^,> L*>

jio. ^ (yCjj j jjy>> <W

The names of the authors are not given inthe headings, but some appear occasionallyin the text, as those of 'Arusi, fol. 5 a, andKaidi, fol. 5 b. On the fly-leaf, and by a laterhand, is written: jx« 3 uy^j - &>)~ai

(_jjfiX*S> (j^-eiMLk-c }\j*ut

The text has many short gaps, apparentlyowing to holes in the MS. from which it wastranscribed.

Add. 24,987.Poll. 157; 7£ in. by 5£ ; 8 lines, 2± in.

long; written in Nestalik for Mr. JamesEwing, Registrar of Bhagalpur; datedApril'1811.

3 ^^'bA collection of elegies by various poets,

on the martyrs of Karbala, with the follow¬ing title: " Murseeah, or Lamentation forHosein the Imam and Martyr, as recited atShiraz during the first ten days of Mohur-rim."

Contents:—1 " Death of the Prince of Martyrs," by

Karbala'i Shiraz I, ^ **^j>JihJ ^ fol. 2 b.

Beg. t^si" w V?i>' 5 h-V-i" f& /ijja^^ Jkb t-jb yjlji

2. Leave-taking of the Prince of Martyrsfrom Sayyid Sajjad, by Nasimi, ^bj^\yo l»^L«SI jalft Cs\s£^ Sx»* b Juu« (jii^j^^i, fol. 33 a.

Beg. \j&**>\ ^b^ Ail*; ^L>- *6 ~>b> «f

3. A Mukhammas, beginning: Jo tfi &Z>,fyj JU, fol. 45 6.

4. A lamentation, ^bj ajju*> *»-y, beginning:pr— / ps—■ /ps—> fol. 49 6.

6. An elegy, beginning: »U> ^js-,\ fol. 51 a.&y<ty> j\

7. Another elegy, beginning : e^x*? Jita,^b! wJL'j 5li» s^jj^ j, fol. 53 b. The poet'sname Akbar j£=>\ occurs near the end, fol.74 a.

8. The lamentation of SakTnah *ja£«» «*.y,preceded by a short narrative in prose,fol. 75 a.

Beg. u?^ s ?" J* ^

The poet's name, Rafi a UJ^ occurs in thelast couplet, fol. 82 b.

9. Two narratives in prose, without title,followed by a few verses, foil. 82 88 b.

10. Departure of Imam Husain for thek e 2

field and his martyrdom, Û>\ Jiij ^•i** <&>.■*■»■j\ o^^5>j fol. 90 a, with a short prosenarrative.

The verses "begin thus:

l J ^jOJ pjio. ij\ IxJThe last couplet contains the author's

name, 5U»- Khalila, fol. 98 a.11. An elegy on the martyrdom of Abd

Ullah B. Hasan, by Mukbil, ^lo e^>\ }Jjil* ^ p^.—N tiT***" ^ <-^V~fol. 98 6.

Beg. Ui«i Cillib âtf »'wc12. Elegy on the departure of the Holy

Family from Karbala for Kiifah, and thestory of the mason, by Mukbil, o^s*j tijyi ^Jm ^jtkij* ^ tJL*+so& <S*x-> J*l (j^^

jju ^ u>, cL*>y£>-Beg. <xl U)_}«> yj »U13. Another Vfiki'ah by Mukbil, JJu

fol. 120 a.

Beg. Û-* e^^" (jj*- »f <^"?.'j,

14. Another Vaki'ah on the martyrdom ofthe Christian of Kiifah, without title orauthor's name, fol. 127 b.

Beg. <J^J^ i^&^j* ^ <-^~*»l "^^jj

15. A Vaki'ah, without title, on Zu-1-Janiih j j> the horse of Husain, and hisreturn to the tents after his master's death,fol. 134 a.

Beg. j^.ii Oal^ j\ ±*> sS oj.^jjThe author is Khalila &J»-, whose name

appears at the end, fol. 143 b.

1G. A lamentation on Imam Husain,(jj-m**- fol. 145 a.

Beg. J\) o-W5, e^j^V. u)jÎt is followed by some other lamentations,

without special titles or author's name.Scribe : yU- ^ ^ >w

0 EN ATE PEOSE.

Add. 26,300.Eoll. 139; 7£ in. by 4|; 16 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Kangrah(Panjab), Sha'ban, the third year of BahadurShah (A.H. 1121, A.D. 1709). [Wit. Ekskinb.]

oli^ jDiscourses, in mixed prose and verse, on

the human body, considered as the noblestof God's creations, and as evidence of Hisgreatness.

Author: Ziya ud-Din Nakhshabi »L*îd ^\

Beg. iWaM &\ ±p-\ &\ p J» s>-\CiÔO^-l &Ali~

Ziya ud-Din Nakhshabi, so called fromNakhshab or Nasaf, the modern Karshi, atown situated between Samarkand and theOxus, led a secluded and religious life inBada'un, and died, as stated by Abd ul-Hakk, Akhbar ul-Akhyar, fol. 91, A.H. 751.He left, according to the same writer,numerous works, among which the CiU-»(JJ^Lm, ijL** ijts-, objj»- j (the presentwork), and mK> ^*$o, are alone mentionedby name. He is also the author of Lizzat

ORNATE PROSE. 741

un-Nisa (see p. 680 b), and the tale of Ma'sumShall and Naushabah, entitled Gulriz. Com¬pare Elliot's History of India, vol. vi. p. 485,and Stewart's Catalogue, p. 85.

The work is divided into forty sectionscalled (_>o^>U, each of which treats of a dis¬tinct part of the human body. It is thereforesometimes referred to as (_>«y«l3J*. In thesubscription of the present copy it is desig¬nated as j£=>\ ; but tbe above title isthat which is given to it in the preface, whereKutb ud-Din, i. e. Mubarak Shah KbiljT(A.TI. 717—721), is mentioned as the reign¬ing sovereign.

Add. 18,187.Eoll. 104; 8{ in. by 4|; 11 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'Unviin andruled margins, apparently in the 17th cen¬tury.

c->l*5 ^jU—iSj lIjIO ^l!L»juS>

" Tbe night-show of ingenuities," a collec¬tion of conceits, or "jeux d'esprit," in proseand verse.

Author : Fattahl, ^tei

Beg. t^Jji ^j.^- j.ju *5\j^6m>ji 0-^3 LT^»* J ffc* **J>\* J J 1-*^ y>

Jly 0*3

Yahya Slbak, of Nishapur, was one of tbemost eminent writers in prose and verse ofthe reign of Shahrukh. He first adopted tbetakhallus Tuffahl, evidently suggested by hissurname Slbak, but changed it afterwards toFattahl. He uses also occasionally Khumariand Asrari as poetical surnames. His mostcelebrated works are Shabistan i Kbayal (thepresent work) and Husn u Dil. He died A.H.852. See Lata'if, fol. 9, Daulatshfih, vi. 16,Hablb us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3, p. 148, andTaki, Oude Catalogue, p. 19.

The lines above quoted give a fair sampleof the puerile subtleties in which the work

deals. They turn chiefly on the changeseffected in the meaning of words by removalor transposition of some letters.

The author states in the introduction thathe commenced the Shabistan after finishinghis Husn u Dil, and gives the date of com¬position, A.H. 843, in the following line atthe end:

J>\& Jt iij> JL*»\*l) (jU*^j^Jlt \xjj j\ j»W> aS=

The work, which is generally called yUL-fijUi-, is divided into eight Babs. The con¬tents have been stated by Fleischer in theLeipzig Catalogue, p. 399, and by Hammer,Jahrbiicher, vol. 64, Anzeigc Blatt, p. 18.See also the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 587,and the Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 31.

The Husn u Dil has been translated byWm. Price, London, 1828. See the cata¬logues of Leipzig, p. 397, St. Petersburg,p. 404, Krafft, p. 49, and Vienna, vol. i.p. 419.


long; written in Nestalik; dated A.H. 1125(A.D. 1713). [CI. J. Rich. J

The same work.

Add. 25,868.Foil. 102; 8J in. by 6; 13 lines, 3| in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, in thedistrict of Bardwan, about the close of the18th century. [Wm. Cureton.]

The prose works of Zuhiiri (see p. 678 a).The first four are in praise of Ibrahim

'Adilshah, and describe the splendours of hiscourt and residence.

I. Zuhuri's preface to Nauras, o*uy, &treatise on Indian music composed by Ibra¬him 'Adilshah, fol. 2.

Beg. o-iyV >^ J£ >**£jZe> iJ^/»J'-* yVL~j\j*i

742 ORNATE

II. His preface to Khwiin i Khalil,J*!;*, fol. 12.

Beg. J-*-. Jjfl 3 câZ JaA j> y j\ t/

III. His preface to Gulzar i Ibrahim,fol. 33.

Beg. h^lJJ^y AÔj)^^ ^r^j>-

IV. Mlna Bazar, jljb li**, a description ofthe Bazar so called, built by Ibrahim 'Adil-shah in Bijapur.

Beg. JlJ 'j J}£ L~ oiîi u^*^J,>iidH|

V. Letters, OU, of a lover to his be¬loved, fol. 76 b.

Beg. \> &y>- 'i^ts- p~>3 sx,^The above works are popular school-books

in India, and have been frequently published.The first three have been printed, under thetitle of ijj^ *•**», in Lucknow, 1846, andin Cawnpore, A.H. 1269, and A.D. 1873.The Mina Bazar has been lithographed witha commentary in Dehli, A.H. 1265, and inLucknow, A.H. 1282. The fifth, knownas ^$jy^> nSj has been edited with com¬mentaries in Cawnpore, A.H. 1280.


long; written in Nestalik and Shikastah-amlz; dated A.H. 1141—1147 (A.D. 1729—1735). [Wit. Yule.]

The prose works of Tughra,'Mulla Tughra i Mashhadi, a native of

Mashhad, went to India about the close ofJahangir's reign, and, after staying sometime in the Deccan, repaired to the court ofShahjahan, and was attached as Munshi toPrince Muradbakhsh, whom he accompaniedon his expedition to Balkh. He subsequentlywent to Kashmir, in the suite of the Divan

PEOSE.

Mirza Abul-Kasim, and spent there thelatter part of his life in great seclusion. Hedied some years after the accession of Au-rangzib.

In the Mir'at ul-'Alam, composed A.H.1078, he is spoken of as dead. See Vaki'at iKashmir, fol. 120, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 279.

The compositions of Tughra, which aremuch admired in India, are written in amost artificial style, and so overloaded withmetaphors and fanciful imagery as to renderthe discovery of their subject matter a by nomeans easy task. A short notice on some ofthem by Ziya ud-Din Khan will be found inOr. 1941, fol. 26. A volume containingeighteen tracts by Tughra, and his letters,with a commentary, has been printed inCawnpore, 1871, under the title of J*'-«,y»l>. See also Stewart's Catalogue, Otltiit^^L* l?}j&>, p. 64, the Gotha Catalogue,p. 24, and Melanges Asiatiques, vol. vi.p. 136.

The contents of the present MS. are—I. JJj (jtj?. "the outpouring of the

nightingale," also called " thestandard of perception,'' in praise of theDivan of Hafiz, fol. 1 (Cawnpore edition,No. 5.)

Beg. c^~flSU- t*>\j> ^^jU* jj Jl+j

II. iuu«>jd-i, "the Paradisiacal," a de¬scription of Kashmir, fol. 7. (Cawnpore edi¬tion, No. 1.)

Beg. a£ i^]jir-i <-?^

III. oUuas?, or " verifications," treatingof the names of the planets, and their use inpoetical imagery, fol. 23. (Cawnpore edition,No. 3.)

Beg. ijX\,i (_y>y*3 >-jf i£*w*1 (_r>. jl

IY. u^yil j^s?, or " collection of won¬ders," a description of the lake Kamam

fol. 26- (Cawnpore edition, No. 8.)

ORNATE PROSE. 743

Beg. ^ C**->j j\ p~>y *»■

Itappe ars from the heading that this wasthe piece which first called the attention ofthe King of Golcunda upon the author.

V. oUiJy, description of a Darbar at theCourt of Jahangir, fol. 29. (Cawnpore edition,No. 7.)

Beg. ^ jjjj ji j\ ^yto ,i*T j\> y

VI. cJ~\j>, " the mirror of victories,"treating of the conquest of Balkh and Ba-dakhshan by Prince Muradbakhsh, from the19th to the 21st year of Shahjahan (A.H.1055—7), fol. 33. (Cawnpore edition, No. 4.)

Beg. j&aljU CJ 3 <* ji j>..£5UjeM

VII. tA^\, "the inspired," a Sufi tract,fol. 42. (Cawnpore edition, No. 2.)

Beg. &jS. ci*«>yy g^SJ «^

VIII. \i2J>i\ "memorial of thegodly," or eulogies on twelve eminent con¬temporaries, Shaikhs, Kazis, physicians andpoets, living in Kashmir [among the latterare Kalim Hamadani (p. 686 a), and MirIlahi (p. 687 &)], fol. 53. (Cawnpore edition,No. 14.)

Beg. Jf jj ^bj ji? JfK \jb>IX. C>W& "manifestations," a descrip¬

tion of the beauties of Kashmir, with a eu¬logy upon Mir Husain Sabzavari, fol. 56.(Cawnpore edition, No. 13.)

Beg. J3S jjls J-ai ay y^

X. (Jb>J\ jj/, " the treasury of ideas,"in praise of Shah Shuja', fol. 63. (Cawnporeedition, No. 6.)

Beg. £^»\ j»\fr uj^

XI. *r^> "tbe crown of eulogies,"

in praise of Muradbakhsh, fol. 67. (Cawnporeedition, No. 10.)

Beg. ^US p^jj^Z- ju>

XII. ij^ri) Ol^l!*, comparisons drawnfrom the spring and other seasons, fol. 77.(Cawnpore edition, No. 9.)

Beg. oU*w c^J yJ» ol^li*^Jl)/ ^L-jJjj*

The author wrote this tract, as appearsfrom the conclusion, while engaged on therevision of the Eirdausiyyah.

XIII. «xai'U " the defective quintet,"a diatribe against five personages of theCourt of Golconda, fol. 81.

Beg. j.^- ^^jl |J »^jT

XIV. u-»y*!\ oy, " the mirror of blem¬ishes," a satire on Pulclii Khan, an Amir ofthe Court of Golconda, fol. 83.

Beg. c^-j ^Vip ,t*\> ^y

XV. Petition addressed by Mulla Sati*^>U» to Shah Bahadur for a Jagir, fol. 87-

XVI. jwli jAs-, "the book of ambergris,"an exposure of the plagiaries of NasTra i Ha¬madani from " the late " Zuhuri (p. 678 a),fol. 89.

Beg. ^^^JLjti \j£t\Jt- yU g> a/jaWji

Erom a versified heading it appears thatthis tract is not by Tughra, but by Mukima,the same apparently as Mukim Kashi, towhom one of Tughra's letters is addressed(see fol. 122 a).

XVII. Eol. 99 h. Tughra's lettersoUijto contemporaries, such as Shah Shiga',Kazi Nizama, Mirza Sanjar, the calligrapherShamsa, Masih uz-Zaman, Kazi-Zadah, Khwa-jah Lalah, Talibft i Kalim, Bazmi, MirzaAbulfath, and others, fol. 99. (Cawnporeedition, pp. 193—270.)

744 ORNATE

XVIII. aJS, " a word of truth," acomplaint of the want of liberality of theking and the king's son, fol. 178.

Beg. is^ji lg i^ty u^-* j& ^ji*

XIX. j^\JLi\ " the lights of the East,"on the joys of spring, fol. 182. (Cawnporeedition, No. 12.)

Beg. jJDU. i—^yiJ tl) *J J *j>O^j* -

XX. sy-, "self sown," on the artof writing, and on some images derived fromit, fol. 195.

Beg. £j,Ja*> ^3 j ^y> %JiJ£ 'slaKi

XXI. «*U <-rV»T, " Ashub-Namah," inpraise of the poetry of Zulali (p. 677 a),whose seven Magnavis are commented uponin turn, fol. 207. (Cawnpore edition, No. 15.)

Beg. J*** )\ Jt J-» gj j> OU sf(jtft^jol

XXII. j>j\jJ^ iU«i> " enumeration of curio¬sities," a description of eight stages on theroad to Kashmir, fol. 220. ( Cawnpore edition,No. 11.)

Beg. t;^«j y>

XXIII. JjJo ij>y?i the same as No. I.,fol. 223.

XXIV. «-*yV, a panegyric addressed toAurangzlb on his accession, fol. 228. (Cawn¬pore edition, No. 16.)

Beg. sxjMj ^\X> ^lij^l ^bj

XXV. «j^> " the fairy-house," in praiseof Shah 'Abbas II. of Persia, fol. 241.

Beg. ^ l5^* ^

XXVI. tjyji* euiU*, " spiritual banquet,"on a famine in tbe Deccan, fol. 250.

Beg. e^vJ ks? lâ JÛT JU J^±>

PEOSE.

XXVII. ioJ, " the weeping of thekalam," a description of the rainy season,fol. 256.

Bc S- u£i Hfr

XXVIII. X»-UiM y., et the ascent of elo¬quence," in praise of Sayyid Bahadur Khan,fol. 259.

Beg. ^ tjf* ^ jl

XXIX. (jiJ " the source of over¬flow," a formulary of elegant addresses to thesovereign, preceded by a long preamblewhich contains a fanciful description of theMi'raj or Ascension of Muhammad, fol. 263.(Cawnpore edition, No. 17.)

Beg. (jt^j^y J£> a/Ûob j/\ j-^-

XXX. (_5j1> -oiS/V, "the medical fruit," onimages derived from the medical art, fol. 294.

Beg. (_->^3 Ûj^juj if ^ô-

XXXI. bj^j, a piece containingmetaphors taken from music, fol. 310.

Beg. Sjjj^ ^\sL» sjjjUj o^s- fjji) yi^Jii b^jc

XXXII. liil " a sample of com¬position," in praise of Aurangzlb, fol. 326.

Beg. iWiib y-ti-.

Add. 16,875.Poll. 249 ; 8$ in. by 5; 19 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Ncstalik; dated Sha'ban,the 20th year of Muhammad Shah (A.II.1151, A.D. 1738). [Wm. Yule.]

Prose compositions of Ni'mat Khan 'AH,Jls- WU- (sec pp. 268 b, 703 a), withsome verses by the same, as follows :—

I. ^s* ^JL*,, a satire on physicians,fol. 2.

Peg. c^jtflWI^j' j^lje^

FABLES, TALES, AND ANECDOTES. 745

II. oU„ letters to Mlrza Mubarak Ul-lah Irfidat Khan Vazih, to Mirza MuhammadSa'Id, steward of the imperial kitchen, andother contemporaries, fol. 5.

III. *r** J sliob jy&te- —£i CA&JSversified chronograms relating to the vic¬tories of Aurangzib, and other contemporaryevents, fol. 1G.

This section includes some Kasidahs,satires, and Ruba'Is.

IV. Journal of the siege of Haidarabad(see p. 268 a), fol. 32.

V. jl^jl^ J\p «*b »li, a Court chro¬nicle of the reign of Shah 'Alam Bahadur(see p. 272 a), brought down in this copy tothe 16th of Eabi' L, A.H. 1120.

Add. 16,866.Poll. 83; 8£ in. by 4|; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedRab>1., A.H. 1154 (A.D. 1741).

[Wm. Yule.]

JJSW Vy*" Subtle Thoughts," by Mirza Badil (see

p. 706 b).

Beg. *jJ&& j=- b eu^i ^il< ^^sl

jjtji-J

This work, which is included in the Luck-now edition of the author's Kulliyat, con¬sists of a number of ingenious thoughtsand pointed anecdotes, bearing on religiousand moral subjects, in mixed prose andverse.

FABLES, TALES,

Or. 241.Foil. 193; 9 in. by 5§; 17 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia, dated Safar, A.H. 1094 (A.D. 1683).


j &Ui>The Book of Kalilah and Dimnah, trans¬

lated from the Arabic version of 'Abd UllahB. ul-Mukaffa by Abul-Maali Nasr Ullah B.Muhammad B. 'Abd ul-llamid, ^ J\SJ^J} i$\

This version is praised as a model of ele¬gance by Yassaf in a chapter devoted toKalilah and Dimnah, Add. 23,517, fol. 516,and Ahmad Rilzi says in the Haftlklim, fol. 88,

VOL. II.

AND ANECDOTES.

that no Persian prose work was ever so muchadmired. The latter writer, who mentionsNasr Ullah among the eminent men of Shirazorigin, states that he was one of the Vazirsof Khusrau Malik, the son and successor ofBahram Shah (who died A.H. 555), and thatthrough the intrigues of his enemies he wascast into prison, and finally put to death bythat prince's order. See Barbier de Meynard,Diet. Geogr. de la Perse, p. 363. A similaraccount is found in the Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 449.

Bahram Shah, to whom the work was byhis desire dedicated, ascended the throne inGhaznin A.H. 512, and, although hardlypressed by 'Ala ud-Dln Ghuri, who wrestedfrom him his capital A.H. 522, he maintainedhimself in the eastern part of his empire

S 8

746 FABLES, TALES, AND ANECDOTES.

until his death, which took place, accordingto the Guzidah, A.H. 544, or, as stated in theEauzat us-Safa, A.H. 547.

The exact date of composition is not stated,but it can be approximately inferred from theauthor's incidental references to his owntime. Thus the death of al-Mustarshid,which took place in A.H. 529, is spoken of,fol. 11, as recent, &<f The Ghaznavidynasty is said, fol. 7, to have ruled 170years, which, if counted from A.H. 366,when Subuktigin, according to the Tabakiit iNasiri, established his rule in Ghaznin,Avould come down to A.H. 536. Lastly,when speaking of al-Mansur, fol. 13, theauthor says that four hundred and oddyears (JL» ^ jW) na(l elapsed sincehis reign. As that Khalif began to reignA.H. 136, this statement could hardly havebeen written before A.H. 538 or 539.

A notice on the Persian translation, withextensive extracts from Nasr Ullah's preface,has been given by Silvestre de Sacy inNotices et Extraits, vol. x. pp. 94—140. Seealso Pertsch, Gotha Catalogue, p. 111. Afull account of other versions will be foundin J. Derenbourg's Introduction to his editionof the Hebrew text.

The work is divided into sixteen Babs,which follow the order of S. de Sacy'sNo. 375 (see I.e. p, 114), but bear Arabic head¬ings. The contents are as follows:—NasrUllah's preface, wanting the first two leaves,fol. 3 a. Ibn ul-Mukaffa's preface, fol. 15 a.i. The introduction of Buzurjmihr, fol. 21 o.ii. Life of Barzuyah, fol. 24 6. in.

jjSftj, the lion and the bull, fol. 33 a. iv.is^jA ^ uosf^', inquiry into the conductof Dimnah, fol. 66 b. v. «S^kM JUlJ 1, thedove with the collar, fol. 81 a. vi.

the owl and the ravens, fol, 96 a.

vii. olis^j Sjs}\, the apes and the tortoise,fol. 117 a. vni. t^f- iiL*UM, the

hermit and tho weasel, fol. 125 b. ix. j^i—Hij4 j, the cat and the rats, fol. 128 a. x. ^tyj j>\\s 3 CiUj\, the king's son and the birdEanzah, fol. 134 b. xi. ^jT ^>\s thelion and the jackal, fol. 142 a. xn. &**"$\SjjJ^j, tho lion and the lioness, fol. 154 b.xin. viX>>UJl,the hermit and tho

guest, fol. 157 b. xiv. j j^U), Balarand the Brahmines, fol. 160 b. xv.

£U! j, the goldsmith and the traveller, fol.179 b. xvi. wls^l, tiiUM the king's sonand his companions, fol. 183 b. Nasr Ul¬lah's epilogue, fol. 188 b.


long; written in fair Naskhl, with 'Unvanand ruled margins; dated Rajab, A.H. 626(A.D. 1229).

&Lk& *&-*>-y>Explanation of the Arabic verses which

occur in Nasr Ullah's version of Kalilahand Dimnah. See the Arabic Catalogue,p. 478.

Author: Pazl Ullah B. 'Usman B. Mu¬hammad ul-Asfizari, ^ w U*fr ^ alii J*ii^)jJu^\

Beg. j U5 j ^-*>-»jU-*j

The work is dedicated to the Vazir Majdud-Daulah Abul-Hasan 'All ul-Mustaufi, whois called the pride of Khwarazm and Khura¬san. At the end the author claims thereader's indulgence on account of his youth,and states his intention to explain also theverses contained in the Book of Sindbadibjj-* (see p. 748 a).

FABLES, TALES,


long; written in bold Naskhi with vowel-points, apparently in the 13th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]Makamat, or narratives written in rhymed

prose, with a copious admixture of Arabicand Persian verses.

Beg. g»\J\ ^Vo Uî t/iJ) aU ±JtThe work is commonly known as obliu

from its author Kazi Hamid ud-DinAbu Bakr Balkhi, whose name, however,does not appear in the text. Hamid ud-Dinwas an eminent judge and poet of the cityof Balkh. His contemporary, Anvari, ad¬dressed to him several laudatory poems (seeabove, p. 555 a); two Kit'ahs composed bythe same poet in praise of the Makamat arequoted in the Haft Iklim, fol. 242. Ibn ul-Asjr, who calls him Ji> y \ ^joVsj]states in the Kamil, vol. xi. p. 207, that hedied A.H. 559. Haj. Khal. gives his namein full, vol. vi. p. 57 : y\ ^.jJI ^w-

dtj^dtf.The Makamat i HamTdi have been printed

with marginal notes in Cawnpore, A.H.1268. Copies are mentioned in Ouseley'sTravels, vol. iii. p. 557, Ouseley's MSS., No.707, Melanges Asiatiques, vol. iii. p. 557,and the Copenhagen Catalogue, p. 30.

The author states in the preface that hehad read with admiration the elegant Maka¬mat of Badi' Hamadani and Abul-Kasim Ha¬riri, and had been desired by an illustriouspersonage, whom to obey was to him law, tomatch in Persian those masterpieces ofArabic prose. Hence the present work, whichwas commenced in the month of Jumada II.,A.H. 551. The date of the year, which hasbeen omitted in the present copy, is found inanother MS., Or. 2004, in the Cawnporeedition, and in Haj. Khal., 1. c.

The Makamat, which are twenty-three in

AND ANECDOTES. 747

number, deal for the most part with scenesof personal adventure and travel, and withdialogues between typical characters; buttheir main object is the display of an exu¬berant richness of diction, and of thatjingling parallelism which Hariri had broughtinto fashion. The supposed narrator in eachof them is some friend of the author, notnamed, introduced by the words &f c^.&>-(^yuAjJ The text agrees with the litho¬graphed edition, which, however, containsan additional Makamah, the twenty-fourth.The titles, many of which differ from thoseof the printed text, are as follows:—i. ^

fol. 4 b. II. lÂH J, fol. 8 a.in. jj*>\ 0 i, fol. 13 a. IV. wuu-JjM ^y, fol.17 a. V.jAM^y, fol. 23 a. VI. ÛsCjl J,fol. 29 a. vu. ^ J, fol. 39 a.viii. uJ}^ jJ, fol. 42 a. ix. ijo^

*J+>\ jJh ^ fol. 50 a. x. la*jH J, fob58 b. xi. J2*M J, fol. 62 a. xn. &EiM J,fol. 67 b. xni. J, fol. 73 a. xiv.aiiiy^j jkJi\ ^J, fol. 82 a. xv. £S*&\ iuS, {J,fol. 86 b. xvi. Sî' J, fol. 92 a. xvn. JJxâJl fol. 97 a. xviii. u #r<iJ\ ^J,fol. 101 b. xix. ftfrl^ 1 J, fol. 106 a. xx.

i_-»A-Ja5\ y&U* ^J, fol. 110 b. xxi. ^liUl foe, fol. 118 a. xxn. SjLoN J, fol.125 b. xxiii. J, fol. 131 b.

In the 13th Makamah it is related how atraveller visits Balkh, then a brilliant andthriving city, and how returning, after someyears spent in a pilgrimage to Mecca, hefinds it a heap of ruins. This evidently re¬fers to the devastation of the author's nativecity by the Ghuz in A.H. 548.

The 22nd Makamah contains versified listsof the Khalifs in Arabic and Persian. Theyare brought down to al-Mustanjid (A.H.555—566), who is spoken of as the reigningKhalif.

s s 2

In an epilogue headed u-*^ ^ ji> J-ai,which in the present copy follows the 21stMakamah, but in the printed text is found atthe close of the work, the author says that,overwhelmed by the calamities of the time,he had not found it in his heart to proceedfurther, but had brought his work abruptlyto a close. The next-following Makamah ispreceded by these words, inserted by somecopyist: C <—Aj^ ^ c^Los- IJajSOti $±3j £ ^jj^lfljl, "When I obtainedthis book I found these two additional Ma-kamahs, and I transcribed it [sic]."

On the first page is found the followingtitle, written by the same hand as the text, inwhich the work is ascribed to another author,viz. to Nasr Ullah, the translator of Kalilahand Dimnah: jx*"$\ uJiJIj &ju^la)L> oU'JuilA\ ±A\ J*^ A.}\

\ .. \\"iiâs: Jl/&\ *W (_y>&* ***** ^ (jlJâft)\ 0 -j\ a#rj u).^ <jU& J==-^

*5Uai\ *U1 jÂ—«' (j)

Or. 255.Foil. 132; 9 in. by 4f; 15 lines, 2$ in.

long; written in neat Nestalik, with gold-ruled margins, for the library of Sultiin-Muhammad Kutubshah; dated Haidarabad,Ramazan, A.H. 1031 (A.D. 1622).


$o<Sx>jt \^1^>

The book of Sindbad, or the tale of theking's son and the seven Vazirs; wantingthe first page.

Author: Baha ud-Din Muhammad B.•AH B. Muhammad B. 'Umar uz-Zahiri ul-Katib us-Samarkand!, ^ Jp ^ s*^ y4*)1 ^

t_>o&\ y>

According to *Aufi, quoted in Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 281, Zahir ud-Din Muhammad

B. 'Ali Katib Samarkand! was for a longtime minister (^.j t_*»-W) to Kilij TamghajKhan. He left, as stated in Haft Iklim,fol. 559, the following three works : 1. sbjju*m6 contained in the present MS., 2. <j£^&1S-.LJI (Haj. Khal., vol. i. p. 368), and 3.jx^x)\ £a» <Jjx^\ (Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 619).The second, which is, like the first, dedicatedto Kilij Tamghaj Khan, is not dated, butwas written, as shown by its contents, afterthe death of Sanjar, A.H. 552. See theLeyden Catalogue, vol. iii. p. 14.

Very little is known of Kilij Tamghaj, aTurkish Khan, who reigned in Turkistan inthe sixth century of the Hijrah. Ibn ul-Asjr mentions him in the Kamil, vol. xi.p. 55, as early as A.H. 524, and the poetRazi ud-Din of Nishapur, who died A.H. 598,is stated in the Haft Iklim, fol. 307, to havebeen his panegyrist and favourite adviser.

The present work begins with a long ex¬ordium in his praise, in which he is called

J $\ jb y-^w^ j.auî li>l& l>j\j ^\ jfj[read ^-U*^ J* JkxJ\ j>\ Kb jfcj

u^]? ^ & u^' ^ e i s described as a greatmonarch, who had returned after a longabsence to his hereditary dominions, andwho, after vanquishing his foes in Turan inthe year fifty-six (i.e. A.H. 556), had restoredpeace and the reign of justice in his vastempire.

In the next section, fol. 11 b, the author,whose name and titles are written as follows:

jci^l L^loULo ^JJ^J OlJS (j)^ JjS* îjî*

^jaM u-A^CNj A>tfl) ÂU

j* ÛJ! jk* ^l*J) j^jJLiilj JiiJ!

jSb^>\ J^s- &-o^&j tf Uj C*s-LaflM

<Jj-±r^\ d ^-z- ^ <±x*j

tÂxi (_*>W\, gives an account of the workcalled Sindbad. It had been compiled, hesays, in Pehlevi by the sages of Persia, and

FABLES,TALES, AND ANECDOTES. 749

had never been translated, until the AmirNftsir ud-Dln Abu Hamid Nuh B. MansurSamani ordered Khwajah Amid Abul-FavarisKanavarzi ^jjVjj* to turn it into Persian.This was done in the year 539, ^ilojwl^^i-j (the date is obviously wrong, forNuh B. Mansur reigned A.H. 305—387), butin bare and unadorned language; and thatversion had almost fallen into oblivion, whenthe author undertook to write a new one,graced with all elegances of polite speech,in order to immortalize the name of hissovereign.

The tale, which begins on fol. 17, agrees insubstance with the Greek Syntipas describedby Loiseleur do Longchamps in his " Essaisur les fables indiennes," pp. 93—137, andwith a version in Persian verse, composedA.H. 776, and analyzed by F. Falconer inthe Asiatic Journal, vol. 35, p. 169, andvol. 36, pp. 4 and 99. An earlier poeticalversion by Azraki, mentioned by Daulatshiihand the Burhan i Kilti", appears to be lost.The present version is noticed under thetitle of Sindbad Namah, by Flaj. Khal., vol.iii. p. 620, who, however, calls the authorKazvini instead of Samarkand!. There existtwo other translations in Persian prose; oneof them, forming part of Nakhshabi's TiitiNamah, has been edited by H. Brockhaus,and another, by Shams ud-Dln MuhammadDaka'iki, a poet of Marv, is mentioned byHaj. Khal., I.e., and in the Haft Ikllm,fol. 223.

Notices on the origin and early versionsof the Book of Sindbad will be found in theFihrist, p. 305, in S. de Sacy's Fables deBidpai, Notices et Extraits, vol. ix. p. 404,Gildemeister's Script. Arab, de rebus Indicis,p. 12, Benfey's Bemerkungen iiber das In-dische Original der Sieben Weisen Meister,Melanges Asiatiques, vol. iii. p. 188 — 203,Comparetti, Ricerchc intorno al libro di Sin-dibad, and Fr. Baethgen, Sindban oder dieSieben "Weisen Meister.

Add. 16,862.Foil. 392; 13^ in. by 8; 33 lines, 4& in.

long; written in small Naskhi, with TJnviinsand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the16th century. [William Yule.]

£*WA large collection of anecdotes.

Author: Muhammad 'Aufi, ^JjS> J***?

Beg. py*"0 Cl^-W ef^^d-** j liSThe author, whose full name was Niir ud-

Dln Muhammad 'Aufi, as stated in theHabib-us-Siyar, vol. ii. Juz 4, p. 163, theNigaristan (see Krafft's Catalogue, p. 87),and the Tarikh i Firishtah, vol. i. p. 117, ismentioned in the first and third of the aboveworks as one of the eminent writers wholived in Dehli during the reign of Iltatmish(A.H. 607—633). In the Mir'at ul-Adviir,fol. 36, and Haj. Khal, vol. ii. p. 510, he iscalled Jamill ud-Din Muhammad 'Aufi. Heis known as the author of the earliest PersianTazkirah, u-jUM t~r>^), a- work described byBland, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society,vol. ix. pp. 112—126, and by Sprenger,Oude Catalogue, pp. 1—6. We learn frompassages of his works that he had studied inBukhara, that his grandfather Kazi AbuTahir Yahya B. Tahir ul-'Aufi, was a nativeof Mavara un-Nahr (or, according to Bland'scopy, of Marv), and that his maternal uncleMajd ud-Din Muhammad B. Adnan had writ¬ten for Sultan Ibrahim [ B.] Tamghaj Khan ahistory of the Turkish kings (see Jami' ul Hi-kayat, fol. 369, and Haj. Khal., vol. ii. p. 122).

'Aufi appears to have been a great travel¬ler; he was in Nasa in A.H. 600, andvisited Khwarazm and Kambayat. He madea lengthened stay at the residence of theSultan Nasir ud-Din Kubachah, to whoseVazir, Ain ul-Mulk Husain ul-Ash'ari, hisLubab ul-Albab is dedicated, and after whose


fall he passed over to the court of the con¬queror, Shams ud-Dln Iltatmish.

The author's exordium is devoted to thepraise of the last named sovereign, and of hisVazlr, Nizam ul-Mulk Kivam ud-Din Muham¬mad B. Abi Sa'Id ul-Junaidi. Then follows anaccount of the siege of Bhakar, in which Sul¬tan Nasir ud-Din Kubachah had sought arefuge from the invading forces of Iltatmish.The fortress was taken by the Vazir abovenamed on the 10th of Jumuda I., A.H. 625,and on the 19th the fugitive king perishedin the river. The author, who was amongthe besieged, did homage to the victoriousVazir, and completed for him the presentwork, which had been commenced by desireof Sultan Nasir ud-Din.

The JamT ul-Hikayat consists of anec¬dotes, detached narratives, and miscel¬laneous notices, either culled from his¬torical works, or derived from oral infor¬mation. It is divided into four parts (kism),each of which is subdivided into five-and-twenty Babs, as follows :—Kism I. 1. Know¬ledge of the Creator, fol. 5 a. 2. Miraclesof the prophets, fol. 11 a. 3. Supernaturalpowers of saints, fol. 20 a. 4. Early kingsof Persia, fol. 28 a. 5. The Khalifs, fol. 49 a.6. Excellence of justice, and stories of justkings, fol. 84 a. 7. Lives and memorabletraits of kings, fol. 92 a. 8. Witty sayingsof kings, fol. 100 b. 9. llegimen of kings,fol. 104 b. 10. Answers to petitions, fol.110 a. 11. Instances of sagacity, fol. 114 a.12. Sound judgment, fol. 123 a. 13. Wilesand stratagems, fol. 138 b. 14. Able Vazirs ;(eight leaver are wanting after fol. 146, sothat the latter part of Bab 13 and the begin¬ning of the next are lost). 15. Advicegiven by sages and holy men to kings, fol.154 a. 16. Pithy answers, fol. 160 a.17. Anecdotes of Kiizis and 'Ulamas, fol.167 b. Anecdotes of secretaries, fol. 173 a.19. Favourites, fol. 178 b. 20. Physiciansand philosophers, fol. 180 o. 21. Inter¬

preters of dreams, fol. 182 a. 22. Astro¬logers, fol. 185 a. 23. Poets, fol. 186 b.24. Singers, fol. 188 b. Wits, fol. 189 b.

Kism II. Anecdotes illustrating praise¬worthy qualities, as modesty, humility,forgiveness, clemency, etc., in twenty-liveBabs, fol. 196 b.

Kism III. Anecdotes relating to blame-able qualities, as envy, avarice, covetous-ness, etc., similarly divided, fol. 274 b.

Kism IV. 1. Advantages of the serviceof kings, fol. 325 b. 2. Drawbacks of theservice of kings, fol. 327 b. 3. Eear andhope, fol. 329 a. 4. Efficacy of prayer,fol. 331 a. 5. Prayers handed down bytradition, fol. 332 b. 6. Curious omens,fol. 334 b. 7. Escapes from persecution,fol. 336 a. 8. Escapes from brigands, fol.338 a. 9. Escapes from wild beasts, fol.339 b. 10. Men who perished in the whirl¬pool of love, fol. 342 a. 12. Men whoescaped from the whirlpool of love, fol. 344 b.12. Men who escaped from the abyss ofperdition, fol. 354 b. 13. Wonders of des¬tiny, fol. 358 b. 14. Marvels of creation,fol. 3C1 b. 15. Longevity in animals, fol.363 a. 16. Countries and routes, a sketchof geography, fol. 365 b. 17. Account ofRum, Arabia, Abyssinia, and India, fol.368 b. 18. Remarkable buildings, fol. 371 a.19. Strange talismans, fol. 374 a. 20. Curiousproperties of natural objects, fol. 376 b.21. Temperaments of animals, fol. 378 a.22. Wild beasts, fol. 382 b. 23. Strangeanimals, fol. 386 a. 24. Curious birds, fol.388 a. 25. Eacetiousness of the great,fol. 390 b.

On the first page is a note written inBijapur, probably in the 17th century. Thelast seven leaves of the MS. have short gaps,apparently due to the mutilated state of thecopy from which it was transcribed.

The headings of the Jami' ul-Hikayat aregiven in the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 410,and, from a Turkish version, in the Jahr-

biicher, vol. 70, Anzcige Blatt, pp. 77—82.Some extracts, with Professor Dowson'snotice on the author, will be found inElliot's History of India, vol. ii. pp. 155—203.See Melanges Asiatiques, vol. iii. p. 728,Sir Wm. Ouseley's Travels, vol. ii. p. 363,and the Munich Catalogue, p. 56.

Or. 236.Foil. 541; 11| in. by 8; 29 lines, 6J in.

long; written in Naskhi, apparently in the16th or 17th century. From the royallibrary of Lucknow.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]The same work.The beginning and end of the MS., viz.,

foil. 3—18, 536—541, are older than themiddle part, probably of the 15th century.That portion was transcribed, as stated atthe end, from a MS. dated A.H. 712.

Add. 7672.Foil. 252; 10J in. by 7; 22 lines, 4J in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedZulka'dah, A.H. 1025 (A.D. 1616).

[CI. J. Rich.]Kism III. and Kism IV. of the same

work. There are about two pages wantingat the beginning of each Kism.

Or. 1584.Foil. 34; 8 in. by 5f ; about 32 lines, 3f

in. long; written in small cursive Nestalik;dated Kars, A.H. 1133 (A.D. 1721).

[Sir Henry C. Rawlinson.]A collection of anecdotes and miscel¬

laneous notices, without preface or author'sname.

Beg. JH* ^WjU- &\*jC>J* Jj\ ujb

j^U/OS* £*l>jl>

On the first page is found the titlet^j^Jlj L-rfi^'i with a table of the thirty-

five Biibs into which the work is divided.They are as follows : 1. Stratagems of wisemen for warding off enemies. 2. Propertiesof minerals. 3. Properties of animals.4. Bare animals. 5. Strange birds. 6. De¬vices of kings. 7. Praiseworthy qualities ofkings. 8. Witty sayings of kings. 9. Speechand silence. 10. Fidelity and good faith.11. Longevity. 12. The seven climes, coun¬tries and races. 13. Remarkable buildings.14. Talismans. 15. Human monstrosities.16, Strokes of destiny. 17. Ready answers.18. Anecdotes of Kiizis and Imams. 19. Goodqualities. 20. Firmness. 21. Advantage oftaking advice. 21. Temperaments of men.23. Hate and envy. 24. Cupidity. 25. Anec¬dotes of covetous men. 26. Avarice. 27. Ly¬ing and truthfulness. 28. False prophets.29. Pretensions which saved men from ruin.30. Anecdotes of fools. 31. Facetiae.32. Thieves. 33. Beggars. 34. Wiles ofwomen. 35. Instances of chastity.

The work appears to have been compiledin the seventh century of the Hijrah. ImamMuhammad 'Auf I is twice named, and severalanecdotes arc taken from his Jami' ul-Hika-yat; but, on the other hand, no later dynastythan that of the Khwarazmshahis is men¬tioned. The present copy, written by 'AllB. Muhammad Shirvani, contains only anabridgment made by him, as appears fromthe subscription : ^Jl jjiai\ l»< tea>»iJb ^jej t& J fj^jj^ ii 6,

Wj-iN ^ wloj t_i)\ ^^tfj

Add. 7673.Foil. 359; 11£ in. by 8; 21 lines, 5 in.

long; written in Naskhi; dated Sha'ban,A.H. 903 (A.D. 1498). [01. J. Rich.]

aJLkwaJbSd-lN Jj*> k*>J>Narratives of wonderful cases of deliverance

from distress or escape from danger, trans-


lated from the Arabic by Husain B. As'ad B.Husain ul-Muayyadi ud-Dihistani, ^ i^*—*-

^j'jLjbi/JJji^ cî-* "****^

Beg. Jyip j*? û^^' J ^'*9"The author states in the preface that he

had been desired by the illustrious Vazir Tzzud-Din Tahir B. Zing! ul-Faryumadi L$ ^> J i.)\ a" who had restored peace and prosperity to adistracted world," to produce a work on theabove subject, and, finding nothing moreappropriate than the Arabic work entitledAiijuaHj *±ZA\ s*> _^fl)l, by Abul-Hasan 'All B.Muhammad ul-Mada'ini, he had selected itfor translation.

There can be no doubt, however, that theoriginal of the present translation was thewell-known work t±J^\ a*j J&\ of Abu 'Allul-Muhassin B. Abil-Kasim All, commonlycalled al-Kazi ut-Taniikhi, who died in Bas¬rah, A.H. 381. (See Ibn Khallikfm's trans¬lation, vol. ii. p. 564, the Kamil, vol. ix.p. 74, Haj. Khal., vol. iv. p. 411, and theLeyden Catalogue, vol. i. p. 213.) Kiizi Tanu-khi is frequently named in the body of thework as the narrator, and he is distinctlydesignated as the author in the followingintroduction to one of the anecdotes, fol.261 a :—" The author of the work says asfollows: My father, Kazi Abul-Kasim ut-Tanukhi, relates," etc. This evidently refersto the father of the same writer, viz. Abul-Kasim 'AH B. Muhammad ut-Tanukhi, whodied A.H. 342 (see Ibn Khallikan, vol. ii.p. 564).

The attribution of the work to al-Madaini,a much earlier writer, appears to be an errorof the translator, who probably mistook oneof the authorities quoted by Kazi Tanukhifor the writer of the book. Abul-Hasan 'Ali

a From Faryumad, a town of the district of Sabzavar,the birthplace of Khwajah 'Ala ud-Din Muhammad,Vazir of Khorasan under Sultan Abu Sa'id. See Daulat-

shiih, v., G, and Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii, Juz 2, p. 61.

B. Muhammad ul-Mada'ini, a native of Bas¬rah, lived in Madii'in, and subsequently inBaghdad, where he died A.H. 224 or 225,leaving several works treating of the historyof the Arabs and of the early wars of Is-lamism. See Ansab us-SamVmi, fol. 515, andthe Kamil, vol. x. p. 368.

Copies of the same version, all ascribingthe original work to al-Mada'ini, are noticedin Fleischer's Dresden Catalogue, No. 135,and in the catalogues of Munich, p. 56,St. Petersburg, p. 408, and Vienna, vol. iii.p. 451. See also Stewart's Catalogue, p. 84,No. V.

In the present copy the work is dividedinto thirteen chapters, each containing alarge number of detached narratives. Theseconsist for the most part of historical anec¬dotes relating to the times of the Umayyadesand of the Abbasidcs down to the fourthcentury of the Hijrah. The Arabic versesare given in the original language, withmetrical paraphrase by the translator, whonot unfrequently adds to the text verses andremarks of his own.

Add. 7717.Foil. 167 ; 10 in. by 5£ ; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Safar,A.H. 1074 (A.D. 1663). [CI. J. Rich.]

il*^' (^P^-H

King Kishvargir and princess Mulk-arai, aHindu talc, written in ornate prose, copiouslyinterspersed with Arabic and Persian verses.

Beg. u-V J ^ j^yr }j>The author, whose name is written, fol.

8 6, as follows: ^joj Jtô i,*?^-.ui-b ^Jjj*^\ _tij l-*SJJ1 ^jjac, describeshimself as a native of Dehli, an hereditaryservant of the Court, and a secretary of theroyal chancelry, \JLfl\

A flowery preface, which occupies no less

FABLES,TALES, AND ANECDOTES. 753

than forty-six pages, begins with panegyricson the reigning sovereign Muhammad ShahB. Tughluk Shah (A.H. 725—752) and hispredecessor Ghiyas. ud-Din Abul-MuzaffarTughluk Shah. Then follows a detailedaccount of the latter's expedition to Tirhut(A.H. 725; see Eirishtah, vol. i. p. 406).The author, who was in the Sultan's suite,describes the overwhelming heat and otherhardships he had to endure on the returnjourney to Dehli. There he fell ill, and wasonly saved by the skill of the great HakimMuhammad Khujandi.

During his convalescence the present talewas brought to him for his amusement,and, as it was written in very plain language,he was requested to draw it up in elegantprose, a task which he completed in thespace of a few months, A.H. 720, being thenin his twenty-sixth year. He concludes witha grateful acknowledgment of the favoursshowered upon him by Muhammad Shah,who for a single Kasidah had given himsixty thousand Dinars and sixty horses.

The scene of the tale is laid in India. Thellajas of Ujjain and Kinnauj are the prin¬cipal actors.

Royal 16 B. xn.Poll. 272; 91 in. by 5\ ; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Ardibihisht,in the year 1039 of Yazdajird (A.D. 1070).

[Tho. Hyde.]J°J^

The tales of a parrot, a Persian version byZiya'i Nakhshabi, ^l^j (see p. 740 b).

Beg. eJ^s- i_->l*J\ Oyi*; oUli*The author says in the preface that some

great personage, whom he does not name,had shown him a book containing fifty-twotales, originally written in the Indian tongue,and, as tho translation was prolix, inelegant,

VOL. II.

and ill-arranged, had requested him to re¬write it in a more attractive form. He addsthat in so doing he has in some instancessubstituted new stories for inferior tales.The work was completed, as stated in someverses at the end, in A.H. 730.

This copy was written by a ParsT, Khwur-shid B. Isfandiyar, surnamed j^<^, for Cap¬tain Aungier, u £-\

The Tuti Namah has been translated intoEnglish by M. Gerrans, London, 1792, andits abridgment by Kadirl into German byC. J. L. Iken, Stuttgart, 1837. The latterversion contains an appendix on Nakhshabi'swork by Kosegarten. See also Pertsch,Ucber Nachschabi's Papagaienbuch, Zeit-schrift der D. M. G., vol. xxi. p. 505, andBenfey, Gottingcr Gelehrte Anzeigen, 1858,p. 529. A Turkish imitation of Nakhshabi'sTuti Nilmah has been translated into Ger¬man by Georg Rosen, Leipzig, 1858.


long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia, early in the 18th century.

[Nath. Bbassey Haliied}.The same work, wanting a few lines at the

end.

Add. 6638.Poll. 409; 9i in. by 5£; 11 lines, 3 in.

long; written in large Nestalik, about thebeginning of the 18th century.

[J. P. Hull. JTho same work, wanting about six leaves

at the end.

Add. 10,589.Poll. 149; 7i- in. by 5f; 9 lines, 3| in.


T T

An abridged version of the TutI Namah,O r i t

by Abul-Fazl B. Mubarak, J-i^ tf\(sec p. 247 b).

Beg. jtato (j£j.V1-» j j j.ijUi- a»oThis abridgment was written, as stated in

the preface, by order of Akbar. It contains,like Nakhshabi's version, fifty-two tales.

The preface and the first thirty-five taleshave a Dakhni translation written betweenthe lines.

Add. 12,401.Foil. 63; 7f in. by 5£; 12 lines, 3^ in.

long; written in Indian Shikastah, appa¬rently in the 18th century.

[J. CltAWFUKD.]The abridgment of Nakhshabi's Tut! Na-

mah, by Muhammad Kadiri, j>+s?.

Beg. yV*-* 1 1 ^j-Jjj- i*.'

The author says in a short preamble that,the style of Nakhshabi being hard and dif¬ficult to be understood, he had found it expe¬dient to put his work into plain and intel¬ligible language. The number of the tales isreduced from fifty-two to thirty-five.

The thirty-third tale is repeated at theend, foil. 56—63, in another hand.

Kadiri's Tuti Nilmah has been printed withan English version in Calcutta, and in Lon¬don, 1801. See Kosegarten, Anhang zulken's Tuti Namah, p. 175.

Add. 6964.Foil. 115; 9 in. by 7; about 15 lines in

a page; written by the Rev. John Haddonllindley on paper water-marked 1806.

Tales extracted from Kadiri's Tuti Namah,with the English translation transcribedfrom the Calcutta edition, and two shortnarratives from another source.

Add. 16,864.Foil. 38; 9 in. by 6; 10 lines, 3| in. long;

written in large Nestalik; dated IlahabadRamazan, A.H. 1194 (A.D. 1780).

[ Wm. Yule.]Another abridgment of the Tales of a

Parrot, in still plainer language than Kadiri's.

Beg. ^ J»> \ eo^tfy-lfr* jIt contains only the four following talcs :

The merchant's son and the bird sharak.The goldsmith and the carpenter. Thefour companions. The Brahman's son andhis wife.

Add. 16,813.Foil. 202: 10 in. by 5|; 21 lines, 3g in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, apparently inthe 10th century. [Wm. Yule.]

ii)ls**».\£LiA collection of moral anecdotes, in prose

and verse.

Author : Mu'ini ul-Juvaini, ^^f' ^J***Beg. iji^'jl ^' \j ^yU* o**^ j

<JU>\si.Maulfma Mu'In ud-Dln, born in Avah,

near Juvain, died about the close of theeighth century of the Hijrah. lie was aman of great piety, and a disciple of ShaikhSa'd ud-Dln Hummu'i in Sufism, and ofFakhr ud-Din Asfara'ini in sciences. SeeIlahi, Oude Catalogue, p. 85, Taki, ib., p. 19,and Haft Iklim, fol. 322.

After eulogies on the reigning sovereign,Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, and his VazirGhiyas. ud-Din Muhammad, son of thecelebrated Rashid ud-Din, the author saysthat, Sa'di's Gulistan having been oncepraised in an assembly of learned men in hisfather's house, he observed that, notwith¬standing its undeniable merit, it had thedrawback of being too well known, and that

it was time to produce a similar work whicliliad the charm of novelty, a task which hisfather encouraged him to perform. Thatdesign, however, was not carried out untilmuch later, in A.II. 735. The title wassuggested hy the name of a garden nearNishapfir, called Nigaristan, which the authorhappened to visit about that time. Thework is dedicated to Mu'Ini's spiritual guide,Sa'd ud-Dln Yusuf B. Ibr;lhiin B. Muhammadul-Mu'ayyad ul-Hummu'i, a grandson of thefamous Sufi, Sa'd ud-Din Muhammad B. ul-Mu'ayyad Hummui, who died A.II. 650;see Nafahat, p. 492.

The Nigaristan is divided into seven Babs,■with the following headings :—

1. 2. Lfj^j^J, j

3. cjij^m i^* - ^- ^-^^ _? J>~*

5. L^.** 1 j k&j ; <S 6. l1*^9-j j J-ii J(S

7. iSJu*See Haj. Khal., vol. vi. p. 381, Uri, p. 271,and Melanges Asiatiques, vol. iii. p. 732.

Add. 7775.Foil. 78; 7^ in. by 4f; 13 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the 16thcentury. [CI. J. Rich.]

A collection of moral anecdotes, in proseand verse, by Jami (see p. 17 a).

Beg. jleTj ^'0ja\ £r ^J^jA ^ *W iy* 9" ^

The author wrote it, as stated in the pre¬face, while he was reading Sa'di's Gulistim■with his son, Ziyfi ud-Din Yusuf, and inimitation of that work. He divided it intoeight Rauzahs, and dedicated it to SultanHusain. The date of composition, A.II. 892,is expressed in the following line at the end:

Oy«? e£ jj* jL?^

^yj ^fjj) C>~i>j\ iy>a^> ^^i>

The Baharistan has been edited, with a Ger¬man translation, by Freiherr von SchlcchtaVssehrd, Vienna, 1816. It has been printedin Lucknow without date, and, with a Turkishcommentary, in Constantinople, A.H. 1252.


long; written in Nestalik; dated A.H. 962(A.D. 1584).

The same work, with Turkish glosses onthe first six pages.

Add. 26,287.Foil. 83; 6£ in. by 4£; 15 lines, 2f in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in the17th century. [Wm. Euskine.]

The same work.The last three leaves are supplied hy a

later hand.

Add. 10,002.Foil. 137 ; 8 in. by 5f; 21 lines, 3| in.


A Turkish commentary upon the Baha¬ristan, with the text, by Sham'i (see p. 607 a).

Beg. j^-j pAlfr j/^^i- ±s- j, jThe work is dedicated to Muhammad

Pasha, Grand Vazir of Sultan Murad B. Salim(A.H. 982—1003).

See the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 357,the Gotha Catalogue, p. 107, and the MunichCatalogue, p. 52.

Add. 18,579.Foil. 426; 9f in. by 6; 19 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in Naskhi with a rich 'Unvan,gold-ruled margins, and thirty-six miniaturesin the best Indian style; dated A.H. 1019(A.D. 1610); bound in stamped and giltleather.

T T 2

756 FABLES,TALES, AND ANECDOTES.

Jy\A modernized version of KalTlah and

Dimnali by Husain B. 'All ul-Va iz KiishifI(see p. 9 6).

Beg. <6 »Jl£>. <jlA>- j!sM>1)\ J* cy^o*l_JuUi>j

The author states in the preface that, theversion of Nasr Ullah (see p. 745 a) beingantiquated and difficult to read, he hadbeen requested by Nizam ud-Din AmirShaikh Ahmad, called as-Suhaili, to re-writethe work in an easy and attractive style.In so doing he had left out the first two chap¬ters, as irrelevant, and reduced the work tofourteen.

The above-mentioned Nizam ud-Din ShaikhAhmad was a Turkish Amir of the Cha-ghatai tribe, and a favourite of AbulghazISultan Husain. He received the surname ofSuhaili from his spiritual guide Shaikh Azari,composed a Persian and a Turkish Divan,and died A.II. 907, according to Taki, OudeCatalogue, p. 20, or A.IT. 908, as stated inthe Ataskkadah, fol. 8. See also Daulatshfih,viii. 3, and Sam Mirza, fol. 150.

The Anvar i Suhaili has been printed inHertford 1805, in Calcutta 1804, 1816, andrepeatedly since. English translations byE. B. Eastwick and A. N. Wollaston havebeen published in 1854 and 1878. See S. deSacy, Fables de Bidpai, preface, pp. 42—47.

In a note on the fly-leaf Mirza Shir Alistates that this MS., written and illuminatedfor Tana Shah (the last king of Golconda),had been given him on account of pay at therate of 500 rupees.

Add. 26,312.FolL 379; 9^ in. by 6; 17 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia; dated Rajab, A.H. 1198 (A.D. 1784.)

[Wm. Euskine.]The same work.

Add. 26,313.Poll. 244; 10£ in. by 6f; 14 lines, 4| in.

long; written by different hands, apparentlyin India, in the 17th century.

[Wm. Erskine.]The same work, slightly imperfect at the

end.

Egerton 1106.Poll. 356 ; lOf in. by 7f ; 17 lines, 5 in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia, in the 18th century. [Adam Clarke.]

The same work.

Add. 6636.Fol. 320 ; 10i in. by 6£; 17 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Nestalik, in India ; datedJumada II., A.H. 1L04 (A.D. 1693).

[James Grant.]The same work, with a table of contents,

foil. 1—6.

Copyist: ijJifa** ^U-* &\ Jti

Sloane 3248.Poll. 13; 11$ in. by 8 ; 20 lines, 5£ in.

long ; written in Naskhi, by Salomon Negri(see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 335, note c),about the beginning of the 18th century.

The tale of the hermit and the pimp, fromthe Anvar i Suhaili, with the Turkish ver¬sion from the Humayun Namah.

Add. 4945.Foil. 217 ; 10 in. by 6± ; 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in neat Nestalik ; dated Zul-ka'dah, A.H. 1183 (A.D. 1770).

[Claud Russell.]

yj&* Jl*A modernized version of Kalilah and Dim-

FABLES, TALES,

nah, by Abul-Fazl B. Mubarak, ^ J^iJIuUjU* (see p. 247 6).

Beg. i^\j^S>j\M. ±>\ j Jjl

It appears, from a very diffuse prefaee,that the author had been commanded byAkbar to re-write in plain and easy languagethe version of Husain Vaiz, and that herestored in his work the preliminary chaptersomitted by the latter, thus bringing up thetotal number of chapters to sixteen. Thenew version was completed, as stated at theend, fol. 214 b, in the thirty-third year ofthe reign of Akbar, or A.H. 996. See S. deSacy, Notices et Extraits, vol. x., pp. 197—225, Fables de Bidpai', pp. 47—51, and theVienna Catalogue, vol. iii. p. 286.

Add. 25,832.Foil. 432 ; 81 in. by 5±; 15 lines, 3± in.

long ; written in Nashki, apparently earlyin the 18th century. [Wm. Cueeton.]

The same work,

Or. 477.Foil. 334; 9 in. by 5|; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins, and 38 miniatures in Indian style;dated Ramazan, A.H. 1217 (A.D. 1803).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]The same work.

Add. 25,833.Foil. 97 ; 9 in. by 5£; 18 lines, 3g in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated BandarBharoch (Broach), Jumada II., A.H. 1195(A.D. 1781). [Wm. Cueeton.]

v-jjlSM zJl«Mufarrih ul-Kulub, the Persian translation

of the Hitopadesa.

Beg. si" \1^J>^> CJpasyo C_>«US^ (_>"^*»

Lr?.y- *W j*

AND ANECDOTES. 757

Author: Taj (i.e. Taj ud-Din B.) Mu'Inud-Dln Maliki, ^f** _\3.

The translation was made, as stated in ashort preamble, by order of Malik Nasr ud-Din (in some copies Nasir ud-Din), fief-holder of Shikk (?) Bihar, Jj/fl uDjUN liJLUj\$> itfi^l) 'ilj<ti\j4x> <->j&\j,a princewhose epoch has not been ascertained.

A full account of this version has beengiven by S. de Sacy in " Notices et Extraits,"vol. x. pp. 226—264. Copies are mentionedin Stewart's Catalogue, p. 83, the Copen¬hagen Catalogue, p. 29, and the MunichCatalogue, p. 47. A Hindustani translationentitled Akhlak i Hindi has been publishedin Calcutta, 1803. See Garcin de Tassy,Literature Hindoui, 2nd edition, vol. i.pp. 188, 609.

Add. 18,408.Foil. 158; 9£ in. by 5±; 17 lines, 3 in.

long; written in fair Nestalik; dated Safar,A.H. 1087 (A.D. 1676). [Wm. Yule.]

c-fti^la^ t_iuUaJA collection of witty sayings and anec¬

dotes.Author: 'Ali B. ul-Husain ul-Va'iz ul-•

Kashifi, called as-Safi, yj-U ^ J*tjLa.b j^li^M (_^i»is3\ (see p. 353 a).

Beg. uJblkj j LS \ oUjl»sJ (_aJQsJ jl

SjLo

The author says that after his releasefrom one year's confinement at Herat, inA.H. 939, he repaired, under untold hard¬ships, to the hills of Gharjistan. There hewas graciously received by the Sultan Shah-Muhammad, for whose diversion he com¬pleted the present work, which he had pre¬viously compiled. It is divided into fourteenBabs, according to the persons, or classes ofmen, to which the anecdotes relate, as fol-

lows: 1. Muhammad. 2. The Imams. 3.Kings. 4. Amirs, royal favourites, andVazirs. 5. Men of letters, secretaries, etc.0. Arabs of the desert, elegant speakers, etc.7. Shaikhs, 'Ulama, Kazis, etc. 8. Philo¬sophers and physicians. 9. Poets. 10. Wags.11. Misers, gluttons, and parasites. 12.Covetous men, thieves, beggars, etc. 13.Children and slaves. 14. Simpletons, liars,and impostors.

This copy was corrected, as stated at theend, for Major Yule, by Sayyid MuhammadNavaz of Dehli.

The same work is mentioned under the

title of ^JiAJhW in Stewart's Cata¬logue, p. 26, and Bihlioth. Sprenger., No.1635.

Add. 8915.Fol. 206; 10 in. by 7^; 15 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in cursive Indian Ncstalik ;dated Sha'ban, A.II. 1233 (A.D. 1818).

The same work.

Or, 239.Poll. 428; 11£ in. by 7f; 21 lines, 4f in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Llnvanand gold-ruled margins; dated Sha'bfin,A.H. 1079 (A.D. 1668).

[Geo. Win. Hamilton.]

^JUr*^ c-^jA vast collection of anecdotes and stories,

containing also historical, geographical, andother miscellaneous notices.

Author: Majd ud-Din Muhammad ul-Hasani, surnamed Majd?, s-^-s?

tjsfti ^L^i JuJ 1Beg. 13 j <J^->~^° ^ (/U_S

JS* M SJ 1 US^ J^V 6 *^ ^L*m^J> jjj^J

The author lived in Persia under ShahAbbas I. The predilection and minuteness

with which he speaks of Kashan make itprohable that it was his native place. Hestates in the preface that he had begun toarrange his long collected materials at theinstance of some friends in A.H. 1004(Or. 238, fol. 1 b). He enumerates the fol¬lowing works as his principal sources: Jami'ul-Hikayat by Muhammad Aufi, Nuzhat ul-Kulfib, Habib us-Siyar, Ilauzat us-Safa,Kashb ul-Ghummah by 'All B. 'Isa (Haj.Khal. vol. v. p. 211), Tarikh Abu HanifahDinavari, Ibn Khallikan, Bahjat ul-Mabahijby Hasan B. Husain SabzavrtrT, Nigaristfinby Ghaffarl, 'Aja'ib ul-MakhliikSt, al-Parajba'dash-Shiddah, Tarikh i Yafi'i, and Tarikh iHafiz Abrfi.

While following the general arrangementof the Jami' ul-Hikayat (see p. 749 b), theauthor has adopted a division of his own.The work consists of nine parts (Juz), eachof which is divided into ten chapters (Pa.sl),as follows:—

Juz I. 1. Knowledge of God, fol. 2 a. 2.Miracles of the prophets, fol. 3 b. 3. Supei'-natural powers of the saints, fol. 8 a. 4.Early kings of Persia, fol. 18 a. 5. Khalifs,fol. 42 b. 6. Muslim kings contemporary withthe Abbasides, fol. 85 a. 7. Anecdotes onjustice, fol. 105 a. 8. Traits of the life andmanners of kings, fol. 112 a. 9. Witty say¬ings of the great, fol. 116 b. 10. Instancesof sagacity in kings, fol. 119 a.

Juz II. 1. Instances of the divine guidanceof kings and their ordinances, fol. 122 a. 2.Cunning devices, fol. 124 a. 3. Penetration,fol. 134 a. 4. Stratagems, fol. 142 b. 5.Skill of Vazirs, fol. 153 a. 6. Advice ofsages to kings, fol. 158 b. 7. Pithy answers,fol. 161 a. 8. llemarkable judgments, fol.167 a. 9. Anecdotes of secretaries, fol. 171 b.10. Anecdotes of royal favourites, fol. 176 b.

Juz III. Anecdotes of physicians, fol.181 a, astrologers, fol. 183 6, poets, fol.186 a, singers, fol. 189 a, wits, fol. 190 b,

| interpreters of dreams, fol. 195 a. Anecdotes

FABLES, TALES,

illustrating modesty, fol. 199 a, humility,fol. 200 a, clemency, fol. 202 a, mag¬nanimity, fol. 206 b.

Juz IV. Anecdotes illustrating urbanity,fol. 208 b, compassion, fol. 210 b, trust inGod, fol. 212 a, munificence, fol. 213 b,hospitality, fol. 217 b, valour, fol. 220 b,patience, fol. 223 b, gratitude, fol. 224 b,piety, and caution, fol. 227 a.

Juz V. Anecdotes relating to diligence,silence, good faith, peace-making, secresy,probity, good temper, firmness of purpose,the taking of advice, and the diversity ofmen's dispositions, fol. 230 b.

Juz VI. Anecdotes on envy, greed, andcupidity; anecdotes of knaves, and beggars;stories relating to falsehood, oppression,avarice, bad faith, and foolishness, fol. 251 b.

Juz VII. Anecdotes on harshness, mean¬ness, prodigality, treachery, incontinence,ingratitude, slander, rashness, on vile men,and on pious women, fol. 269 b.

Juz VIII. Service of kings; hope andfear; efficacy of prayer; curious auguries;deliverance from distress; escapes frombrigands, from wild beasts, from the pangsof love, from the whirlpool of ruin; won¬derful strokes of destiny, fol. 290 b.

Juz IX. 1. On human monstrosities andlongevity, fol. 319 a. 2. Geographical sketchof the world, and of Persia in particular,fol. 321 a. 3. Remarkable buildings, fol.354 a (including an account of the seaswhich should form part of the precedingchapter, foil. 355 b —358 a). 4. Talismansand wonders of the world, fol. 360 a. 5—7.Properties of domestic and wild animals, fol.365 a, of beasts of prey, fol. 377 a, andof birds, fol. 379 a. 8. Jokes and pleasantries,fol. 379 a. 9. History of the Moghuls, i. e.Chingiz Khan and his successors, with theChupilni, Ilkani, Muzaffarl, Kurt and Sar-badur dynasties, fol. 388 a, Timur and hissuccessors in Iran, the Kara Kuyunlus, Ak-Kuyunlus, and the Uzbak Khans, down to

AND ANECDOTES. 759

the accession of Abdul-Latif Khan, in A.I I.947, fol. 405 a. 10. History of the Safavis,fol. 421 a. The last section contains asketch of the reign of Shah Ismail. In con¬clusion, the author, after a short reference tothe accession of Shah Tahmasp and two ofhis victories, announces his intention ofdevoting a separate work to the history ofthat Shah's reign.

The present copy wants a leaf which con¬tained the greater part of the preface. Oneleaf or more, which followed fol. 426 andconcluded the account of Shah Ismail'sreign, is also lost.

The Zinat ul-Majalis has been printed inTeheran, A.II. 1270. A few extracts aregiven in Elliot's History of India, vol. ii.p. 506. See also Barbier de Meynard, Diction-nairo Geographiquc, preface, p. 20, Sir Wm.Ouseley's Travels, vol. i. p. 19, and MelangesAsiatiques, vol. iii. p. 679, vol. v. pp. 246,519.

Or. 238.Poll. 303 ; 131 i n . by gi. 23 lines, 5J in.

long; written in small Nestalik, apparentlyin the 18th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The same work.This copy wants the latter portion of Pasl

6, Juz i. (Or. 239, foil. 101—4), and Pasls 9and 10 of Juz ix. (Or. 239, foil. 405—428).

Or. 237.Poll. 320; 10i in. by Of; 21 lines, 4| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with ruledmargins, apparently in the 16th or begin¬ning of the 17th century.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]A collection of tales.Author: Muhammad Kfizim B. Mirak

Husain Muzaffarl Sajavandi, poetically sur-named Hubbi, ^jjLh* ^^-s- <J}j** ^ j.^"

^yf*- UJ^* (^Ujlsf

Be s- Sjj ^ Jy" r LL?jU* *3 ^ (^i/T jjU

The author says in a short preamble thathe was seventy years of age when he com¬piled these rare and wonderful tales, ob.K=-^ a j <-p . They are stories which hehad heard told in the assemblies of thegreat, and which he had written down incorrect and elegant language.

The tales, which are mostly of considerableextent, are partly taken from the ArabianNights. They are the following:—

Decianus and the seven sleepers, fol. 3 b.Mansur the jeweller, and Yusuf the barber,fol. 24 b. Mihr u Mali, fol. 56 a. Sa'd B.Mas'ud, the jeweller of Isfahan, fol. 89 b.Dallah, the wily woman, fol. 104 a. TheArab, his wife LJriyah, and his brother, fol.117 b. The prince, his parents, and thequestions of the princess of China, fol. 130 b.The wife of the builder, and the Vazlrs ofthe king, fol. 140 b. Prince Shahanshah,who became known as Gul-Baghban, fol.156 a. Shirzad, and how the daughter ofthe king of Kahul fell in love with him, fol.166 a. Solomon's debate with the Simurghon predestination, fol. 176 b. Prince Zainul-lhtisham, the king of the Jinns, and theslave Mubarak, fol. 187 a. Salim thejeweller, and Hajjaj B. Yusuf, fol. 198 b.The three brothers, and how Hariin ur-Rashld enquired into their history, fol. 208 a.liizvanshah and the daughter of the king ofthe Paris, fol. 217 a. Fazl Ullah of Mausiland his falling in love with the daughter ofthe Ra'Is Muaffak, fol. 226 a. Hariin ur-Rashld, Pazl Ullah B. Kabi', and Abul-Kasim Basri, fol. 235 a. Khwajah Affan,the son who was born to him in his absence,and Khwajah 'Uriyix, fol. 244 a. The kingof Balkh and his dispute with his Vazirabout a man without sorrow, fol. 252 a.

The remaining portion of the volume con¬tains tales which gradually decrease in

length. The last, relating to a white snakewhich was saved from death by a king, andturned out to be a king of the Paris, breaksoff at the end of the first page.

A modern table of contents occupies twoleaves at the beginning.

Add. 7095.Poll. 167; 9^ in. by 5£; 20 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Zulka'dah,the 45th year of the reign (of Aurangzib,i. e. A.H. 1112, A.D. 1701). [J. H. Hinuley.J

The romance of Amir Hamzah, tj^~ &*ai'

Beg. t£\j J^V 2 j° J)***? ^Jl»^ Oj^ib

Hamzah, who was a son of Abd ul-Mut-talib, and consequently an uncle of Muham¬mad, is here converted into an imaginaryhero of romance. The narrative deals atgreat length with his adventures at the courtof Nushirvan, his wooing of that king'sdaughter, Mihrnigar, and his valiant deedson various expeditions against the giant kingof Serendib, the Kaisar of Biim, the Aziz ofEgypt, etc.

This volume is divided into twelve sec¬

tions called jU*J, each of which is headed bysome verses. The narrative concludes withHamzah's expedition to the mountain Kaf,and his subsequent meeting with Mihrnigarin Tanger.

In the subscription the work is designatedas ly+JP1 and ascribed to Shah-Nasir ud-Dln Muhammad, ^jJl jjoM> »15>

The contents correspond with the firsttwenty-eight Dastans, or about the first half,of the next-following MS., Add. 7054, foil.1—155.

Copies are mentioned in Pleischcr's Dres¬den Catalogue, where the work is ascribedto Abul-Maali, in the Munich Catalogue,p. 55, the Ouseley Collection, No. 430, Biblio-theca Sprenger., No. 1628, and a Turkish


version is noticed in tlie Vienna Catalogue,vol. ii. p. 29.

The Dastan i Amir Hamzah has heenlithographed in the press of Navalkishor.An enlarged version called »}_♦-»- jy»j (secfurther on, Add. 24,418) has been printed inseven volumes, Teheran, A.II. 1274.

Ashk, the author of a Hindustani versionof the Kissah i Amir Hamzah, attributes theoriginal to Mulla Jalal Balkhi. See Garcinde Tassy, Hist, de la Litt. Hind., 2nd ed.,vol. i. p. 236.

Add. 7054.Eoll. 300; 94 in. by Q\ ; 17 lines, Z\ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Jumada II,A.H. 1188 (A.D. 1774.) [J. H. Hindley.]

The same romance.

Beg. 0^a»- *~>oJ . . . $ S—*-^

l—'jj**

With regard to the incidents and theirarrangement this version agrees substantiallywith the preceding; but it is written inmuch plainer and more familiar style. It isdivided into seventy-one short sections, calledDastan, and closes with the death of thehero, treacherously slain by the mother ofBur i Hind.

In the subscription the work is called(Jjjj-«j^ w'J liLb»-, and is ascribed to

Hamzah's brother, Hazrat Abbas, who, in thepreamble, is stated to have written down fromtime to time a record of the high deeds ofHamzah. Sixteen additional leaves containa tahle of chapters written in Fersian andEnglish by the Rev. J. H. Hindley.

Egerton 1017.Poll. 266; 12 in. by 7£ ; 13 lines, 5| in.

long; written in large Nestalik, apparentlyin India, early in the 18th century.

A version similar to the preceding, anddivided in like manner.

VOL. 11.

The volume is imperfect at both ends.It begins, fol. 3 a, in the middle of Dastan 8,treating of the fight of Hamzah with Sa'dB. Ma'di Karib and his brothers (Add. 7054,fol. 36 b), and breaks off, fol. 264 b, in themiddle of Dastan 68, in which is related theslaying by Hamzah of the giant king ofNayistan (Add. 7054, fol. 289 b, Dastan 66).A false beginning and end have been addedby a later hand.

Or. 1392.Eoll. 317; 8| in. by 7; 14 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedChinapatan (Madras), Safar, A.H. 1214(A.D. 1799).

Another version of the same romance,divided into eighty-two Dastans.

Be S- jbji to! aUi'^Uib Jjl

\j Ji^ *r\^ jfa j&\Although having some leading features

in common with the preceding versions, itdiffers from them very considerably in thesuccession, relative proportions, and par¬ticulars of the adventures, as well as inlanguage.

Add. 24,418.Foil. 330; 151 i n . by 8|; 30 lines, 6£ in.

long; written in small Shikastah-amiz, pro¬bably in India, early in the 18th century.

[Sir John Malcolm.]An enlarged version of the same romance.The narrative follows the same generalO

course as in the preceding versions, buta great number of new personages andincidents is introduced. Hamzah is uni¬formly called Amir Sahib Kiran, "theAmir of the fortunate conjunction," and thetitle of Sfihib Kiran is also given to two ofhis companions, born on the same day ashimself, who both play a conspicuous partin this version, namely Mukbil, son of Khair,

u u


a slave of 'AM ul-Muttalib, and 'Umar, sonof Umayyah, the camel-driver.

The work is divided into a great manysections called Dastan, but not numbered.The present copy, which is imperfect at bothends, begins with an account of the misdeedsof Arghash, Vazlr of Kaikubad, who is finallyput to death, and replaced by Buzurjmihr.The next following rubric is : jJy JU

jY+^jj.A C^-Jy J j ^jjJ^^

ci— j6\£mA3 i^lfc^JK j ^^Ij^yl

In the last section, Hamzah,havingalightedin Chihil Manar, at forty farsangs fromKhan-Baligh, the capital of Khata, sendsMalik Azhdar as ambassador to King Salsal.The rubric is partly lost:

................. ^jf l__/5-l.O j~e\ ydVs+tj)

(jlL«.b c-As^jj^J uiiSU yiyj) Ifc/* j JbaLa&\ *\J^>\ et^-i\iU5

The language of this huge compositionis quite modern, and shows an admixtureof Indian words and phrases.

On the fly-leaf is written j 3 -*j i-A^Chsic] sj^s>

Add. 8917.Foil. 224 ; 8£ in. by 5 ; 11 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, with 'TJnvan,ruled margins, and eighteen miniatures inIndian style, probably about the end of the17th century.

U^Jj 3 Ji*The Tale of the four Darvishes.

Beg. jy4^S> W U»> j JS\ w ^Stf jjlXa?

This story, which has become chieflyknown through the Hindustani translationentitled Bagh o Bahar, comprises four tales,in the following order:—Story of the firstDarvish, fol. 7. Story of the second Darvish(the third in Bagh o Bahar), fol. 50. Story

of the King, or the dog-worshipping mer¬chant, fol. 89. Story of the third Darvish(the second in Bagh o Bahar), fol. 159.Story of the fourth Darvish, fol. 192.

The work is popularly ascribed to AmirKhusrau Dihlavl. A Kissah i Char Darvishin prose is mentioned by MushafT, fol. 5,among the works of Anjab (see p. 711 a).Sir Wm. Ouscley in his Catalogue, No. 417,names Muhammad \Ali Ma'sum as the authorof the tale.

Add. 7677.Foil. 107; 9£ in. by 6£; 19 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, early iu the 18thcentury. [CI. J. Uich.]

The same work. The text differs slightlyfrom the preceding, but the arrangement isthe same. The five stories begin respectivelyat foil. 4 b, 24 b, 46 a, 86 a, 104 a. TheMS. breaks off in the middle of the fifthstory.

Add. 5632.Foil. 106; 8± in. by 5£ ; 13 lines, 8| in.

long; written in Shlkastah-amlz, apparentlyearly in the 18th century.

[N. Brassey Hai.iied.]Another version of the same tale. It is

written in a more florid style than the pre¬ceding, and is copiously interspersed withverses. It differs also in its arrangement,which is as follows:—Tale of the first Dar¬vish, fol. 4 b. Tale of the second Darvish,fol. 22 a. Tale of the third Darvish, fol. 40 b.Tale of the King, fol. 60 b. Tale of thelourth Darvish, fol. 90 b.

Add. 6597.Foil. 78 ; lOf in. by 7 ; 17 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Jumada II.,A.H. 1196 (A.D. 1782). [J ames Grant.]

FABLES, TALES,

(jr*-^

The thirty-two tales of the throne.

Beg. i%J^ ÛS j J'*S«J\ tiJ)* CJjjo>- j<J]*"*

It is stated in the preface that the workhad first been translated from the Hindu(^jAife) original into Persian by ChaturhhujB. Mihirchand Kayat, of Sonpat, ^ jl>-Co J<tL c-otf in the timeof Akbar, and subsequently by BharimalB. Rajmal Khatri, during the reign ofJahangir. The present version, writtenunder Shuhjahan, is described as an amalga¬mation of the two previous translations.The author is called ^j-^J* d^- manother and later version, Add. 5652, fol.139 b, his name is written as follows :

a^jotf cV'V/y* y>\ <_?}; t-r*"~'j " Bisbarai, sonof Ilarigarb-das Kiiyath, of Kinnauj."

A Persian translation in prose and versewas written by 'Abd ul-Kadir Badfi'unI byorder of Akbar, and with the assistance ofa learned Brahman, in A.II. 982, the title

conveying the date of composition.A revised edition was prepared by the samewriter A.II. 1003. See Muntakhab ut-Tavii-rikh, vol. i. p. 67, and Elliot's History ofIndia, vol. v. p. 513. A Persian version byChand, son of Madhuram, is noticed in theCopenhagen Catalogue, p. 29, and anotherentitled Gul Afshan, is mentioned in thelvhuhusat ut-Tavarikh (supra, p. 230 a).

Eor an account of the Sanskrit originaland Hindustani versions, see the JournalAsiatique for 1815, vol. ii., p. 278, and Garcinde Tassy, Literature Ilindoui, 2nd ed., vol. ii.p. 233. A French translation from thePersian has been published by Baron Les-callier, New York, 1817.

Add. 5652.Foil. 110 ; 9 in. by 6 ; 13 lines, 3£ in.

AND ANECDOTES. 763

long; written in Ncstalik, apparently in thelatter half of the 18th century.

[N. Brassey Haliied.]

^jti^ki

Another version of the same tale.Author : Kishandas Basdev, of the Subah

of Lahore, ijyo ^ji* ^y^*^

Beg. ci~-Af ^.y-> sJ^Si-e^Jji (_r*Vjo &Jj ^ <i_yi» \i

It is a revised edition of the precedingversion, written for the editor's patron, Amirul-Umara Jar-Ullah, in the reign of Aurang-zib. At the end is an account of previoustranslators, in which the first is called

^\ (jjlj ^.^y;^, and the second<y+*r\) cJ' J*1)V^* -^ ne vers i° n °f BisbaraiB. Harigarb Das is stated to have beenwritten in the 25th year of Shrdijahan, i. e.A.H. 1061-2.

Add. 5653.Foil. 30; 11J in. by 1\; 15 lines, about

5 in. long; written in a cursive Indiancharacter; dated Calcutta, Rabi 1 I., in the26th year (of Shah 'Alam, A.II. 1198,A.D. 1781). [N. Brassey Haliied.]

An abridged version of the same tale,without translator's name.

Beg. ajyi ôut) £j>\<p&\ «â:s.*</«W

Add. 5623.Foil. 132; 9 in. by 6; 15 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Nestalik, in Bengal; datedA.H. 1188 (A.D. 1774).

[N. Brassey Halhed.]

l-Jj^c^ "&*aj>

The story of Kamrup and Kamlata (seep. 697 a).

u u 2

Beg. ytrfb j L-*i^ y^Vv

In the subscription this version is ascribedto the " talented poet Muhammad Kazim,"^ jtic jcUi. A poet of that namelived at the court of *Abd Ullah Kutubshah.See above, p. 683 b.

An English translation by W. Eranklin,entitled " the loves of Camarupa andCamalata," has been published in London,1793. Eor other copies, see Stewart's Cata¬logue, p. 85, the Mackenzie Collection,vol. ii. p. 138, and Bibliotheca Sprenger.,No. 1630.

Add. 6965.Foil. 328; 9 in. by 7; about 15 lines,

3 in. long; written by the Rev. John HaddonIlindley, on paper water-marked 1812.

The same version, copied from a MS.dated Ramazan, A.H. 1150, with a transcriptof Eranklin's English translation.

Add. 18,805.Foil. 572; 12| in. by 8|; 11 lines, 3£ in.

long ; written in large Nestalik ; dated Cal¬cutta, Rajab, A.H. 1185 (A.D. 1771).

The story of Hatim Ta'T, ^H, V*5,or, as it is called in the subscription, " storyof the seven journeys of Hatim," Câ*

jt*>*

Beg. ulolj j ^ Jsi j ybjjiWl i<Sj } \

The text has been edited by G. J. Atkinson,Calcutta, 1818, and an English translationby Dr. D. Eorbes has been published inLondon, 1828. See the Copenhagen Cata¬logue, p. 33, and the Munich Catalogue,p. 55.

Egerton 1018.Poll. 148; 9 in. by 5; 15 lines, 3f in.


I. Pol. 1. uUÛ\ "a^JI, the story ofSaif ul-Muluk, and Badi' ut-Jamal, a talefrom the Arabian Nights.

Beg. ^ & MjJ l w #0jjU>!<-?yj* u^ a ^*> <^)jii *w j>

This version begins with a fanciful intro¬duction : Hasan Mimandi, the Vazlr of SultanMahmud, sets out from Ghaznah in quest ofamusing tales to entertain his sovereign,and finds the story of Saif ul-Muluk in abook called Ruh-afza, kept in the treasury ofthe king of Damascus.

See the Vienna Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 27.

II. Pol. 84. jijLo b Ji e *^S, the story ofGul and Sanaubar.

Be g- J* V, j>.f*> j ™r j> V Cô,K=-&J> «»•

Hindustani versions of the same tale arementioned by Garcin de Tassy, Litt. Hind.,2nd ed., vol. i. p. 157.

III. Pol. 112. joa j }j*>the story of the king of Egypt, his son Azad-bakht, and a maiden called Hazar-Gisii.

Beg. ^ ^>} v j&\ W ^SU j

jjAtO j^Zj ji t£' liSj^

Harl. 502.Foil. 35 ; 8 in. by 4J; 14 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Nestalik, about the close of the17th century.

An abridged version of the tale of Saif ul-Muluk, imperfect at the end.

Beg. jbLinib jja* jj* jii t£ s>\ i^jTJ c 13 *y.

Add. 25,836.Eoll. 44 ; 9i in. by 6; 17 lines, 4J in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedRamazan, the 21th year of Muhammad Shah(A.H.1154, A.D. 1741). [Wm. Cureton.]

Another version of the same tale.

Beg. ij^jj- 3. ^ ^ i^jj* <^W.^-»-J^*** 3

Add, 15,099.Poll. 174; 10 in. by 6 ; 10 lines, 4£ in.

long ; written in large Nestalik, with 'Unvan,ruled margins, and six miniatures in Indianstyle, apparently about the close of the 17thcentury.

ale « «■,/<> e a^a~?J >»

The story of Mihr, son of Khavar Shah,and the princess Mah.

Bog. yjUA^ 3 J jV^ J^Jjw ll->b

See the analysis of this tale in Garcin deTassy's Hist, de la Litterature Ilindoui, 1sted., vol. ii. p. 550, and the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 410.

Add. 16,867,Eoll. 115 ; 10£ in. by 6£; 17 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Shikastah-amiz; datedPanipat, the 2nd year of Ahmad ShahDurrani, A.H. 1174 (A.D. 1759-60).

[Wm. Yule.]

I. Pol. 3. sl« _j j^n another version ofthe same tale.

Beg. j 5)b ^ £ otjJjU^jJL-fc Cj\i>S »-yO &>J& jj\

II. Pol. 69. uUjL,n ^_fl,.„, the story ofSaif ul-Muluk and Badi c ul-Jamfd, difFcrim?■ Ofrom the version above mentioned, p. 764 b.

Beg. Ujjj jl ^ sf> i*j3 \ ^

III. Pol. 103. Jli *\> c^,the story of Shah Humayun Pal and Dilaram,

Beg. C^jy JW* 3 j+>\,,,JL\.i ,ii &6 sy't^Loc- •• i \J j j

Add. 18,409.Poll. 363; 8f in. by 6 ; 17 lines, 3± in.

long; written in Nestalik ; dated Ramazan,A.H. 1146 (A.D. 1734). [Wm. Yule.]

LT^Bahiir i Danish, the romance of Jahandar

Sultan and Bahravar Banu, a story whichserves as a frame for the insertion of manyother tales.

Author: Shaikh 'Inayat Ullah, £*>\» g-S,aJll (see p. 263 «). According to a chrono¬logical table, Add. 6588, fol. 12, he died onthe 19th of Jumada I., A.H. 1088.

Beg. *>Vs-)j {J^>.j*\ i—jlkjL-.* (_^lx_S^

The preface is by the author's youngerbrother and pupil, Salih, who states that thework was completed in A.II. 1061. It isfollowed by an introduction, in which 'InayatUllah says that the talc is not his own in¬vention. He professes to have merely givena Persian garb to a story which he hadheard in the Indian tongue from the lips ofa youthful Brahman.

The work has been printed in Calcutta,1809 and 1836 in Dehli, 1849, in Lucknow,without date, and in Bombay, A.II. 1877. Ithas been translated into English by AlexanderDow, London, 1768, and by Jonathan Scott,Shrewsbury, 1799 ; lastly from the latterversion into German by A. T. Hartman, Leip¬zig, 1802. Copies are noticed in Stewart's


Catalogue, p. 84, the Copenhagen Catalogue,p. 32, and the Munich Catalogue, p. 54.

Add. 25,840.Foil. 271; 9 in. by 5; 19 lines, 3^ in.

long; written in cursive Indian Shikastah-amiz, apparently in the 17th century.

[Wm. Cubeton.]

LT>k JtfThe same work, slightly imperfect at the

end.

Add. 7674.Foil. 276 ; 9 in. by 4£; 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, apparentlyabout the close of the 17th century.

[01. J. Rich.]The same work, wanting the last page.

Egerton 1019.Foil. 269; 8£ in. by 5f; 15 lines, 4| in.

long ; written in Nestalik, with "Unvan andruled margins, probably about the close ofthe 17th century.

The same work, wanting about six leavesafter fol. 2.

Add. 6152 and 6153.Two uniform volumes ; foil. 227 and 221;

8| in. by 5^; 13 lines, 3§ in. long; writtenin Indian Nestalik, in the first half of theISth century.

The same work.This copy belonged to Jonathan Scott,

who made use of it for his translation. Anabstract of the contents, written by himself,occupies the fly-leaves at beginning and endof each volume.

Add. 26,314.Foil. 308; 9£ in. by 6; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Kb ujistah-

Bunyad, Itabi' I., in the 13th year of Mu¬hammad Shah (A.II. 1143, A.D. 1730).

[Wm. Erskine.]The same work.

Copyist: ^ ^ d>3 0 ^>- x**?

Add. 6640.Foil. 292; 101 in. by 6; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently earlyin the 18th century. [J. F. Hull.]

The same work.

Add. 5564.Foil. 144; Hi in. by 1\ ; 23 lines, 5| in.

long; written in Nestalik for Capt. JohnBurdett; dated'Azirnabad, Muharram, A.H.1185 (A.D. 1771).'

The same work.

Add. 5607.Foil. 324; \\\ in. by 8; 15 lines, 4 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedZulhijjah, A.H. 1188 (A.D. 1775).

[N. Brassey Haliied.]The same work.

Copyist: tj^j&j}

Add. 6639.Foil. 238 ; 10$ in. by 6|; 17 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Babi 1 II.,A.H. 1190 (A.D. 1776). [J. F. Hull.]

The same work.

Add. 6968-6997.Thirty volumes, 7| in. by 6L, with an

average of 90 foil, per volume, and 12 linesin a page; written on one side only of apaper water-marked 1806, by the Rev. JohnHaddon Hindley.

The same work, with a transcript ofJonathan Scott's translation.

FABLES, TALES,

Or. 242.Foil. 87; 8| in. by 4f; 11 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, on tinted andgold-sprinkled paper, with *Unvan and gold-ruled margins, apparently about the close ofthe 17th century. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

A collection of fables and anecdotes, inprose mixed with verses.

Author : Bahram, son of 'Ali-MardanBahadur Tfigh Arslan Khan, yÂ* *dj

u"^} j^V

Beg. e^~J ^ ,.vs.:>J <*^> ^\The preface, which is imperfect, contains

a eulogy upon Aurangzib as the reigningsovereign. The author, who calls himselfthe humble Bahram, J^f, and claimsan Uzbak origin, concludes most of his nar¬ratives with a moral or religious applicationconceived in true Sufi spirit, in the form ofan allocution to the "man of understanding"^li'lp. Several of his anecdotes relate toIndian saints.

A notable portion of the work, foil. 52—71-,is devoted to a record of some episodes inthe warlike career of lAlT Mardan Bahadur,who is described as the most gallant cham¬pion in the service of Akbar, and especiallyof the prowess he displayed in taking posses¬sion of the estate of Bundi, in Rajputfmah,a Jagir assigned to him by the emperor.Several Hindi couplets composed in his praiseby the poet Gang are quoted. Althoughthe hero of these adventures bears the namewhich the author gives to his own father,nothing is there said as to any relationshipbetween them.

'All Mardan Bahadur, who served underAkbar and Jahangir, from A.IT. 984 to hisdeath, distinguished himself especially in theDeccan wars. He fell severely wounded

AND ANECDOTES. 767

into the hands of Malik 'Anbar, A.H. 1021,and died two days later. See Ma'fi§ir ul-Umara, fol. 377, and Blochmann, Ain i Ak-bari, p. 496.

Add. 25,839.Foil. 100; 10J in. by ; 15 lines, 4 in.

long; written in cursive Ncstalik; datedBhiipavar (territory of Gualior), Kamazan,A.I1. 1243, A.D. 1828. [War. Cureton.]

&<*li (îoLSjTStories of wonderful escapes.Author: Khwajah llajkarn, &j£>-\jThe work, which has no preface, contains

six tales, written in a florid style, and enti¬tled (jiAii', the scene of which is laid inIndia. The date of composition, A.H. 1100,is expressed by several versified chronogramsat the end, where the author is described asan inhabitant of Ruhtak (Thornton's Roh-tuk, forty-two miles north-west of Dehli).

The MS. was written by Mirza Haidar'AliBeg for Doctor J. Gibson.

Add. 7619.Foil. 342; 12 in. by 7i; 26 lines, 5 in.

long; written in Naskhi; dated Jumadil I.,A.H. 1215 (A.D. 1800). [CI. J. Rich.]

<r->J&5\ <~>y&?A collection of moral tales and anecdotes.Author: Barkhwurdar B. Mahmud Turk¬

man Farahi, poetically surnamed Mumtaz,Jlî ^Xj) 4^ u*J*jj~j>

Beg. e^-I/ i Jjj>LS^-JP yZfyL j till* ijj^S"

The author does not give the date of com¬position ; but he mentions as his contem¬poraries two Amirs, Safi Kull Khan and As¬ian Khan, who lived in the reign of ShahSultan Husain, A.H. 1105—1135. See Zinat


ut-Tavarikh, foil. 691, 693, and Malcolm'sHistory of Persia, vol. i, p. 614.

In a diffuse preface, written in a stiltedand ambitious style, lie gives an account ofhis life and of the origin of the work, fromwhich the following particulars may bogathered. He left in early life his nativeplace, Earah, for Marv Shahijiin, where heentered tho service of the governor, AsianKhan. Two years later he proceeded to Is¬pahan, and became Munshi to Hasan KullKhan Shamlu, then filling the office of Kur-chi Bash!. There he heard in some assemblya delightful tale, which he was requested bya friend to adorn with the flowers of hisrhetoric, and which he consequently wrotedown under the title of Ljj j e^ol£=>-.As be added to it in course of time a num¬ber of other stories, the work swoll into alarge collection, containing no less than fourhundred tales, divided into an introduc¬tion, eight Bubs, and a conclusion, to whichhe gave the name of Ji^-

Some time later the author returned toEarah, from whence, after some stay in Heratand in Mashhad, he betook himself to thedistrict of Damn and Khabushan, and thereremained three years in the service of Minu-chihr Khan B. Karchaghai l?'*?-^ Khan.This Amir had been appointed governor ofthe province in order to check the inroads ofthe Chcmishkazak, i^JjiJU*, a savage andpredatory tribe, on which the author heapsevery term of abuse. He then relates howin one of those raids all his goods were plun¬dered, and among these the precious MS. ofthe Mahfil-ara, on which he had bestowed somany years of labour. All attempts to re¬cover it having failed, the author, in order toassuage his grief, and to comply with theentreaties of a friend, wrote down again suchportions as he had retained in his memory.Hence the present work, which is divided,according to the preface, into an introduc¬

tion, five B,ibs, and a Khatimah. That divi¬sion, however, is not thoroughly carried outin either of our two copies.

It is written in florid prose, freely inter¬spersed with verses, mostly of the author'sown composition. The arrangement issystematic, the tales being grouped underthe moral maxims, or rules of life, whichthey are intended to illustrate.

On the first page of the present copy isfound the title Ls>, L^titf, It does notproperly apply to the whole work, for itbelongs, as above stated, to the first talewritten by the author, which forms the Khati¬mah of the present collection, foil. 289—312.

The Mahbub ul-Kulub has been printed inBombay, A.H. 1268.


long; written in Shikastah-anm, with two'Unvans, gold-ruled margins, and fifty-fiveminiatures in Persian style; dated Zulka'dah,A.H. 1220 (A.D. 1800).

[Sir Ciias. Alex. Murray.]The same work.

Copyist: \^

Add. 8918.Poll. 288; 8£ in. by 5; 14 lines, 3§ in.

long; written in Nostalik, for Capt. Geo.Burnes ; dated Bab!' II., A.H. 1217 (August,A.D. 1802).

LT^ £J 3The love-story of RY.i Ratan Sen, of Chitaur,

and Padmavat, daughter of Gandharb Sen.Author: Lachhnii-Ram, of lbrahimabad

(district of Ghazipur), t+ai ^j*^*\A

Beg. jy*^ 'o JIt appears from the preface that this prose

version is founded on the poem of 'Akil

TABLES, TALES,

Khan Rfizi (see p. 699 a), entitled aj^. 3 ^JL(see the Oude Catalogue, p. 123).

The well-known tale of Saif ul-Muhik andBad? ul-Jamal is inserted, foil. 109—220, astold by one of the actors in the main story.

On the Hindi versions of the tale of Pad-mavat by Jatmal and Jaisi, see Garcin deTassy, Litter. Hind., second edition, vol. ii.pp. 67, 86, and Pavie, Journal Asiatique for1856.

Add. 8916.Foil. 119; 8 in. by 4^; 15 lines, 3£ in.


$j> (jljLupA collection of moral anecdotes.

Author: Muhammad Isma'il Sami, enti¬tled Nu'man Khan, i_Jalis.* Jatl^ ,x»s?

J^^Mi

Beg. J V^***^ ^ ^J-*** •»•*•"The work, which is dedicated to Muham¬

mad Shah, was written in Akbarabad, A.H.1135, in answer to a challenge to matchSa'di's Gulistan, and was completed in eighty-five days. The author gives his name in¬cidentally, fol. 34 a, when stating that hehad accompanied Aurangzib on his expedi¬tion against the Ranii.

We learn from the Tazkirat ul-Umara,fol. 104, that Nu'man Khan was raised tothe Khanship towards the close of Aurang-zih's reign, and died in the time of Muham¬mad Shah.

The work is divided into eleven Babs, anda Khatimah. Many of the anecdotes relateto incidents of Indian history, especially toAurangzib and his time; the verses are theauthor's own.

On the first page is written, " GeorgeHarriott, 1798."

vol. ir.

AND ANECDOTES. 769

Add. 25,834.Foil. 259; 11 in. by 8; 17 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Shavval,A.II. 1154 (AD. 1741). [Wm. Cureton.]

JyuM jL J JyuM j>\j>A collection of anecdotes.

Author: Abul-Fath B. Muzaffar, £d\ j\>k*

Beg. v_JbU» j^U-Ijo cAjj^ cJuUajOlj-**>

The author says that he had compiled thiswork, at the request of his son MuhammadNigar AH, chiefly from the following works :Tabari, Jami 1 ul-Hikayat, Tarikh i Bana-kiti, Ibn Khallikan, Mau'izat-Namah, writtenby Kaika'us B. Sikandar B. Kabus for hisson Gilanshah (i.e. Kabus Namah), Tarikh iAl i Saljuk, by Muhammad B. Abi 1Abdullahun-Nizam ul-Husaini, and Maarij un-Nu-buvvat. He states at the end that it wascompleted in A.II. 1151.

It is divided, according to subjects, intotwenty-one Babs, as follows : —1. Muhammadand his miracles, fol. 45. 2. The first four Kha-lifs, fol. 17 b. 3. The Imams and Companions,fol. 31 b. 4. Saints, fol. 55 a. 5. MJlamii, fol.101 b. 6. Philosophers, fol. 144 5. 7. Kings,fol. 117 a. 8. Vazlrs and favourites, fol.132 b. 9. Secretaries, litterati, cup-com¬panions, fol. 140 b. 10. Sages and physicians,fol. 143 a. 11. Poets, fol. 151 b. 12. Arabsof the desert, fol. 154 b. 13. Interpretationof dreams, fol. 163 b. 14. Generous men,fol. 166 a. 15. Misers, gluttons, and para¬sites, fol. 172 a. 16. Stories showing God'smercy, fol. 178 a. 17. Women and children,fol. 209 b. 18. Simpletons, liars, and falseprophets, fol. 222 5. 19. Wits (wanting thebeginning), fol. 223 b. 20. Curious factsrelating to animals and countries, fol. 225 a.21. Comical anecdotes, fol. 245 a.

x x

This copy was written by Hidayat Ullah,for Latif Khan. The subscription is followedby some additional stories, foil. 250 b —259 a.

Egerton 1025.Poll. 68; 8| in. by 5|; 19 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Indian Shikastah-amiz, inthe latter half of the 18th century.

jV LP*~JThe story of prince Bahram, and his love-

adventures with the daughter of King Darab.Author : Rai Kirpadayal, son of Kai Man-

sariim, Khatri of the Mangal tribe, JUi l^fio

J<_>* *y jJjL^/* J\j d 3

Beg. £>.J i>ijU<s- |»U j> &*UThe author, who calls himself an inhabitant

of Siyalkut, Subah of Lahore, does not lay anyclaim to the invention of the story. Hiswork is only a new version in ornate prose,interspersed with verses, of an old tale.The date of composition, A.H. 1155, is givenin this couplet at the end :

_,\ ^j! ±Jb\k? jJLS/j*}jijyo i^\m»j ^jfcuiji b-aSj

Add. 10,584.Poll. 168; 7 in. by 4±; 11 lines, 2| in.

long; written in Indian Shikastah-amiz, inthe 18th century,

The tale of Nauruz Shah, »U»Jj.yby Uditchand Kayath, poetically surnamed'Aziz, j>j& «^>tf

Beg. t—*AsP Jjs\jj y j uê ^.K=- ijKiNauruz Shah, an Indian king, like his proto¬

type of the Arabian Nights, takes every nighta new partner to his bed. An accomplishedlady, called Nikdukht, contrives to prolongher spell of favour by telling him captivatingtales on seven successive nights.

The author's name and the date of com¬position, A.H. 1157, are found in some versesat the end. The latter is expressed by thechronogram, ^-H* i/VW- t&y^r

Foil. 2—4 and 141—167 contain forms ofcomplimentary letters addressed to a sove¬reign.


long; written in Nestalik, with fourteenminiatures in Indian style, apparently in the18th century.

S^ljjPThe love-story of Hir and Banjhah (see

p. 710 a), in pi'ose and verse, by MansaramMunshi, ^JLu ^L-i,

Beg. ti&V j \) Ît appears from the introduction that the

story had been originally composed in Hindiverse by Damodar, of Jhang Siyal, Panjab.

The date of the present version, A.H.1157, is expressed in the final lines by thechronogram, JLL\e- "sî.

Add. 16,689.Foil. 253 ; 13 in. by 9|; 25 lines, 7£ in.

long; written in small Nestalik, apparentlyin India, in the 18th century.

[Wm. Yule.]JUi-

"The Garden of Fancy," a romance.Author: Muhammad Taki ul-Ja'fari ul-

Husaini, poetically surnamed Khayal,JU* ^L-^ J.^J} gr^Mf) 1 J.)

The author, a pupil of Sabit (see p. 709 b),went to Bengal in the time of Ali Virdi Khan,and died A.H. 1173. See the Oude Catalogue,p. 193. In this voluminous work he relatesat great length, and in familiar language, theendless and rather monotonous adventures of

three imaginary heroes, andof a host of equallyfictitious personages belonging to the worldof the Jins and Peris, as well as to mankind.The three principal personages are generallydesignated by the titles of Sahib Kiran iAkbar, Sahib Kiran i A'zam, and Sahib Ki¬ran i Asghar. Their proper names are Shah-zadah Mu'izz ud-Din Abu Tamim, ShabzadahKhurshid Tajbakhsh, and Shabzadah BadrMunir. The three stories form as many dis¬tinct threads, which arc alternately taken up.

The present and the following three MSS.contain only a few detached volumes of thatbulky composition, which, according to theconclusion of Add. 4939, consists of threeparts called Bahar, subdivided into volumes(Jild). The entire work comprises no lessthan fifteen Jilds, some of which are againsubdivided into two sections called Satar.

The first two parts (Bahar) consist togetherof six Jilds, while the third alone comprisesnine.

It appears from the concluding lines ofAdd. 24,935, that the romance was writtenfor the entertainment of two brothers, Nav¬vab Najm ud-Daulah Muhammad IshakKhan, and Navvab Eashid Khan Salar Jang(sons of Ja'far Khan, Nazim of Bengal).

The present copy contains the third andfourth Jilds of Bahar II., both treating ofthe adventures of Mu'izz ud-Din. The firstleaves of Jild 3 and the last of Jild 4 arelost, and the two volumes have been trans¬posed in the binding, Jild 4 occupying foil.1—161, and Jild 3 foil. 162—253.

Jild 4 begins with the heading, jl>. jIpTJU vl^= j! ^ j\

iijo.ji'

A portion of Bahar II. is described underthe title of **lj}*<>,in the Munich Catalogue,p. 57.

Add. 24,935.Foil. 452; 17i in. by 11^ ; 21 lines, 7j in.

long; written in large Nestalik, with two'Unvfms and gold-ruled margins; datedShavval, the third year of'Alamgir II. (A.H.1169, A.D. 1756).

Two portions of the same work, bothbelonging to Bahar III. The first, whichrelates entirely to the adventures of SahibKiran i A'zam, and is headed j\ ^ jiz jl&TjL,ik Jlja^l J e^-^ J^jLl* iS d£jj> **Vjjbli»<^Xi£jjiitf _\3 iso^-fcUi ,»)a^\ wy isdesignated at the end as the second Satar ofJild 2 of Bahar III. It occupies foil. 1—277.

The second, foil. 278—452, treats chieflyof the history of Sahib Kiran i Akbar, butrelates, in some parts, also to the adven¬tures of Sahib Kiran i A'zam.

At the end the author says that, after pro¬ceeding thus far, he had determined to makethis portion a volume by itself, and to callit jis^k^j, intending subsequently to devotean entire volume to the history of Sahib Ki¬ran i A'zam and his companions. But itdoes not appear to what volume the presentSatar belongs.

It is stated at the end, fob 452, that thiscopy was written for Navvab Mansur ul-MulkSiraj ud-Daulah Bahadur Ilaibat Jang, by hislibrarian, Tzzat-Ullah.

Add. 4939.Foil. 415; 16$ in. by 11; 19 lines, 7| in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with two 'Un-vans and gold-ruled margins.

Two detached portions of the same ro¬mance, Bahar III.

The first, foil. 1—118, relates partly to theadventures of the Sahib Kiran i A'zam, partlyto those of the Sahib Kiran i Asghar, Shab¬zadah Badr Munir.

The author says at the end that, after con¬cluding the present volume, he proposes tobegin the third Jild of Bahar III., the ninthof the whole work, which is to be devotedto the history of Sahib Kiran i Asghar.

xx 2

772 EABLES, TALES, AND ANECDOTES.

According to this the present volume wouldbe the second Jild of Bahar III. Its contents,however, differ from those of Add. 24,935,which belongs to the same Bahar.

The second portion, foil. 119—415, iscalled, both at the beginning and at the end,the third Jild of Bahar III. It relates en¬tirely to Sahib Kiran i Asghar.

On the fly-leaf is written, " Presentedby Claud Russell, Esq., Oct. 15, 1781."

Add. 26,291.Foil. 349; 9f in. by 6£; 17 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia, in the latter part of the 18th century.

[Wm. Erskine.]Another copy of the section designated as

jJ^l jk- (Add. 24,935, foil. 278—452).

Add. 7056.Eoll. 64; 10J in. by 6; 19 lines, 3| in.

long ; written in Shikastah-amiz, dated Mur-shidabad, the 6th year of Shah 'Alam (A.H.1178, A.D. 1764—5).

[J. Haddon Hindley.]I. The tale of Malik 'All, son of the king

of Bukhara, and Mihr-Banu, daughter ofKhwiirazmshah, fol. 1.

II. The tale of the three Darvishes, con¬structed on the same plan as the Kissah iChahar Darvish, and containing:—The talc ofthe first Darvish, or Prince Han/, of Khorasan.The tale of the second Darvish, or Khalil ofBalkh, the merchant's son. The tale of thethird Darvish, or Afzal Khan, prince ofMarv. The tale of the king of Khorasan,Ashraf Khan, fol. 16. See Sir Wm. Ouse-ley's Catalogue, No. 442.

III. The tale of the daughter of the kingof Yam an and the two Vazirs, Asaf andKamgar, fol. 36.

IV. The tale of Bihriiz, the merchant ofKhorasan, and the daughter of the king ofKashmir, fol. 44.

V. The tale of Earrukh Shah, the princeof Khata, who set out on his travels, and gota kingdom, fol. 51.

VI. The tale of the king of Kashghar andthe Vazir who said that there was no man inthe world without sorrow, fol. 59.

Add. 25,838.Eoll. 214; 8f in. by 5 ; 14 lines, 3 in. long ;

written in small Nestalik, apparently inIndia, about the close of the 18th century.

[Wm. Cureton.]

aUob &5\jii>\Jt J>\ *&><ajjThe story of Prince Agar and King Gul, a

fairy tale, beginning with the followingheading: Jls^ji- } j>j } JJ\» j aUjj^oi* &*x>

^jlj} ^ sjt-jiMansur Shah, king of Khashkhash, and

his Vazir Khushhal obtain children throughthe blessing of a Eakir. The first has a sonD •

called La'l Padishah, the second a son, VazirMahmud, and a daughter called Agar. Theprince having been carried away by the PariLa'l Div, Agar is substituted for it, andhenceforth designated as Agar Shahzadah.The Pari princess, Mahparvar, and the kingof the Paris, Gul Padishah, play also a lead¬ing part in the tale. It is written in homelylanguage, and has a copious admixture ofIndian words and phrases.

A Kissah i Agar Gul has been printed byNavalkishor, Lucknow, A.H. 1263. SeeGarcin de Tassy, Hist, de la Litt. Hind.,2nd ed., vol. ii. p. 469, and the Biblioth.Sprcnger., No. 1757.

Add. 7055.Eoll. 40 ; 9£ in. by 5|; 12 lines, 4 in.

PROVERBS.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently in thelatter half of the 18th century.

[J. Haddon Hindley.]A collection of amusing anecdotes.

/ *

-^ e &- Lfj^ji* ^ » îfjl LS^^J^ ^

According to an English note on the fly¬leaf, it was compiled by a Munshi namedYakln for the use of his pupils.

Add. 25,837.Poll. 229; 8f in. by 4£; 12 lines, 3 in.

long; written in large Indian Nestalik, datedZulka'dah, A.H. 1225 (A.D. 1810).

[Wm. Cureton.]

aU> ^_jju~*> j ali> y/f'The story of Mas'iid Shah, son of 'Aziz

Shall, king of Isfahan, and of his love-adventures with Gitl-Ara.

Beg. obl£s- y'ilfti j ^jjSo, cÛ-l U\

>j) jjoliiib (jl^l LilL jd e!>

Many local words and phrases show thatthis romance was written in India.

Add. 7675.Foil. 91; 9£ in. by 5i; 15 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia, about the beginning of the 19th cen¬tury. [CI. J. Rich.]

I. Pol. 1. The tale of Shirzad, son ofGurgahan, emperor of China, and Gulshad,daughter of the Vazlr Farrukhzad, wanting afew lines at the beginning. This tale, whichis endorsed Jzc* «3 " the story of thenine belvederes," comprises nine tales suc¬cessively told by Gulshad to Shirzad, each inone of the nine belvederes of the royal palace,in order to save the forfeited life of her father.

II. Eol. 71. A short version of the tale ofSaif ul-Muluk and Badf ul-Jamal (p. 764 b),imperfect at the end.

773

Add. 16,865.Foil. 12; 7i in. by 4£; 11 lines, 2\ in.

long; written in fair Nestalik; correctly de¬scribed on the fly-leaf as follows :—

" The Kazy and the Thief, yo } C*i\£»,a humorous tale in the Persian language.Copied from a MS. in the possession of theRev. H. G. Keene by James R. Ballantyne,1831." [Wm. Yule.]

Beg. &)±iO j&j* m\ î>-&?*>J (Jjj^ 6 &ji

PROVERBS.

Or. 1613.Foil. 269; 10$ in. by 6; 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, with ruledmargins, apparently in the 17th century.

^J-kIÎÂ collection of Persian proverbs.Author: Muhammad 'All Jabal-rudi, d.*s?

L^JJ Jf*"

Beg. 5j~> ^(J-* (J Lr^.^"»j o*V*The author states that he had come to

Haidarabad A.H. 1051, in the time of 'AbdUllah Kutubshah, and had been admitted tothe literary assemblies held by the VazirShaikh Muhammad ul-Khatun. In one ofthese the collection of Turkish proverbs madeby order of Shah 'Abbas having been men¬tioned, the Vazir observed that Persian pro¬verbs should also be compiled, and the authorundertook to comply with his desire. Headds that the task had never been attemptedbefore him.

The proverbs are alphabetically arranged,each letter forming a Fasl. Short verbalexplanations are occasionally added. Anec-

774 COLLECTANEA.

dotes illustrating the origin and applicationof proverbs, texts from the Coran, andpoetical quotations, are introduced at theend of the sections.

The work has been printed in Teheran,A.H. 1278. See Mdlanges Asiatiques, vol. v.p. 522. A collection of Persian proverbs hasbeen published by Tho. Roebuck, Calcutta,1824.

Or. 266.Poll. 161; 8^ in. by 5£; 19 lines, 4 in.

long; written in ciu*siveNestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]The same work, wanting the preface.

COLLECTANEA.

Add. 7611.Eoll. 571; Hi in. by 7; 7 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in large Naskhi with vowels,on gold-sprinkled paper; dated A.H. 1137(A.D. 1724—5). [CI. J. Rich.]

^^-U cJ\j* j o^AiUA collection of Sufi extracts, compiled by

Sulaiman, U WBeg. u^l^ o^Kiie ^XL'ii\ t£ ^J^>.The author is designated in a nearly con¬

temporary note on the first page as ^l-**^Wy» a>Ua!\ ^ J*U3\ J-el&l

< }J£\He wrote this compilation, as stated in the

preface, in order that his disciples mightdispense with other books. It consists of 292prose-extracts and poetical pieces amountingto 3675 couplets.

The former are taken from the followingworks: —

1. ^H*^ l_J by Allah Bakhsh B. Say-yid Sadr ud-Din Bhakarl, fol. 8 a.

2. c U^x* by Shaikh 'All Tuni, de¬scribed as a contemporary of Bayazid Bastiimi,who died A.H. 261, fol. 20 a. '

3. The Book of Sa'in ud-Din AllTarikah (see p. 42 a), fol. 85 b.

4. a Commentary by Shah Nurud-Din Ni'mat Ullah (see p. 634 6), upon theLamaat (see p. 594 b), fol. 124 a.

5. Uj^\ 'i/±3 by Shaikh Attar (see p. 344 a),fol. 128 b.

6. «y Khwajah Abd Ullah An-sari (see p. 35 a), fol. 133 a.

The poetical oxtracts are taken from thefollowing works :

1. Eive poems of Attar, viz. ote j*^?-,&*G oLcj, &*U j»> mK> and iwli(sec p. 576), fol. 136 b.

2. The Divan of Shah Ni'mat Ullah(p. 634 6), fol. 376 b.

3. The Divan of Shaikh Maghrib! (p. 633 a),fol. 476 b.

4i. Tarji'-band of Kasim ul-Anvar (p. 635 a),fol. 543 b.

5. Kalandar-Namah, by Amir Husaini(p. 608 a), fol. 549 b.

6. The Divan of Shaikh 'Iraki (p. 593 fl),fol. 551 a.

7. Gulshan i Raz, by Mahmud Shabistarl(p. 608 b), fol. 555 b.

8. Silsilat uz-Zahab, by Jami (p. 644 b),fol. 559 a.

The above shows that the compiler, ofwhom no other record has been found, livedafter Jami, probably in the tenth century ofthe Hijrah.

Add. 16,860.Foil. 69; 9i in. by 5£; 21 lines, 2f in.

long ; written in Shikastah-amiz, apparentlyin India, in the 17th century. [Wm. Yule.]

COLLECTANEA. 775

A volume of miscellaneous extracts byBalm ud-Din Muhammad 'Amili, ^^jlclfr (see p. 25 b).

Beg. u^l^jl j jju-fli> <_>l*?°!The extracts are taken from Persian poets,

and from Arabic works of history and theo¬logy, the latter translated into Persian.The author frequently adds verses of hisown composition, and numerous passagesfrom his work entitled ^Jh £y*>. Hequotes among others, fol. 21 b, some verseswritten by him in Mashhad, A.II. 1007.

A similar collection of Arabic extracts bythe same writer is described in the ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 409, under the name offJjCzS' (see p. 26 a).

The Kashkul of Baha ud-Dln Amili hasbeen printed in Teheran, A.H. 1266, and inBulak. It is described by Goldziher in theSitzungsberichte of the Vienna Academy,part 78. See Melanges Asiatiques, vol. vi.p. 108.

Egerton 1016.Poll. 446 ; 131 in. by 7|; 21 lines, b\ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently earlyin the 18th century.

jpl* o^U>A large collection of extracts, moral say¬

ings, historical anecdotes, and miscellaneousnotices.

Author: Sadik B. Salih Isfahan], ^ jaLsJ>\ipjo\

Beg. ^ju^ *** j J\jo all ±+J}Muhammad Sadik B. Muhammad Salih

ul-Isfahani ul-Azadanl has given a sketchof his own life in the 12th Matla' of the thirdvolume (Mujallad) of his historical compila¬tion entitled Subh i Sadik (Or. 1728). Hewas born, A.H. 1018, in Surat, where hisfather served under the Khflnkhanan *Abd

ur-Rahim. In A.H. 1027 he went to Hatha-bad with his father, who was there appointedby Prince Parviz as Divan of his household.After some years spent in studies at Patnaand Jaunpur, Sadik went with his father inthe train of Prince Parviz to the Deccan, A.H.1035, and, after the latter's death in theensuing year, joined the camp of Shahjahfm,wherelie was appointed news-writer (Vilki ahNavis). Having been presented at court,shortly after Shahjahan's accession, he ob¬tained from that sovereign a Jagir in Bengal,proceeded to Jahangirnagar, then the capitalof that province, and took part with therank of Bakhshl in a war waged against arebel Afghan chief by Kasim Khan, thenGovernor of Bengal. He incurred, however,the displeasure of that Amir's successors,A'zam Khan and Islam Khan, was keptsome time in confinement in Salimabad, A.H.1048, and finally retired into private life.

Sadik gives in his memoirs copious speci¬mens of his poetical compositions, in whichhe took the name of Sadiki. He quotesalso frequently verses of his numerous literaryfriends, and mentions as his master, fol. 230 a,Mulla, Muhammad Husain Kashmiri, whodied A.H. 1037.

The author began to collect his materials,as he states in the preface, in A.H. 1054, andspent three years upon that task. When hewas proceeding to put them into order, hewas interrupted by a distant journey, whichbrought him to Jaunpur, and it was onlyafter settling in that place that he found thenecessary leisure to complete the work.A.II. 1056 is incidentally mentioned, fol.207 a, as the current year. The author refersin the same place to his compendium of his¬tory entitled J->U> go (see Elliot's Historyof India, vol. vi. p. 453).

The work is divided into five books (B.lb),subdivided into numerous chapters (Pasl), anda Khatimah. A full table of the contents isgiven at the end of the preface, foil. 4 a —7 a.

776 COLLECTANEA.

The principal topics of the five Biibs are asfollows :—

I. God, the Prophet, prophetship andsaintship (do*^), faith, Islam, good and baddeeds, etc., in 107 Pasls, fol. 7 a.

II. Sovereignty, kingly power, rules andprecepts relating to good government, in77 Pasls, fol. 78 a.

III. Reason, knowledge, failings, talents,etc., in 80 Pasls, fol. 135 b.

IV. Love, friendship, batred, poverty,wealth, pleasure, sorrow, play, travel, etc., in75 Pasls, fol. 212 b.

V. World, time, stability and decay, death,life, spheres, elements, realms of nature, in90 Pasls, fol. 300 a.

Khatimah; an alphabetical list of propernames of places and men, with fixation oftheir spelling, and short notices, fol. 408 a.

Three of the subdivisions (Fasls) are ofexceptional length, viz. Pasl 79 of Bab III.,foil. 207 b —238 a, which contains notices ofremarkable events and of the death of cele¬brated men, in chronological order from theHijrah to A.H. 1042. Pasl 80 of the sameBab, comprising Persian proverbs alphabeti¬cally arranged. Pasl 51 of Biib IV., foil.331 b —359 a, which contains maps of theseven climates, and an alphabetical list ofplaces, with their longitude and latitude.

On the first page of the MS. is written" R. W. Rotton, 14 April, 1791."

A copy is mentioned in Stewart's Catalogue,p. 52.

Add. 7719.Poll. 279; 11£ in. by 7; 17 lines, 3 in.

long, with oblique lines round the margins;written in a small and indistinct Shafi'acharacter, ornamented with rude flowerydesigns in the headings and margins ; datedSha'ban, A.H. 1225 (A.D. 1810.)

[Cl. J. Rich.]

A collection afrj**-'" of extracts culled fromthe author's reading on various branches ofhuman knowledge, by Muhammad HusainB. Karam'Ali Isfahan! (see p. 137 a).

B°g- j\?lr" .........i_r?.^*»» j

iSy joly <j&y?-j

It appears from the preface that the workwas written in Mashhad, and A.H. 1224 ismentioned, fol. 6 a, as the current year.The present MS. is, to all appearance, theauthor's autograph.

Contents: Astronomy, with tables anddiagrams, fol. 4 b. Geography, fol. 17 b.History of the Prophets, Muhammad, 'All,the Imams, and the philosophers, fol. 44 b.Medicine, fol. 72 b. Principal dynasties ofancient and modern times, mostly in tabularform, fol. 92 b. This section concludes witha history of Path 'All Shah's reign, in whichthe events are chronicled year by year downto A.H. 1222. Notices on Sayyids, VazTrs,and learned men, fol. 178 b. Religions andsects; notices on some ShiVih doctors, fol.182 b. Arab and Persian poets, with speci¬mens of their compositions, fol. 285 b. Thethree realms of nature and the properties ofminerals, plants, and animals, fol. 234 b.Knowledge of God; sayings of \Ali and theImams, fol. 263 b.

The margins are crowded with additionalextracts.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Add. 16,720.Poll. 20; 9 in. by 6^; 11 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Nestalik, in the latter part ofthe 18th century. [Wm. Yule.]

An account of the principal works treatingof Eastern, and more especially of Indian,history.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 777

Be S- J* iljUNj *JU»1 Jft ^f t * ftp-

No title is given in the text; but in thetable of contents the work is called M \j

gjV oJLH>- j£>, a title which appearsalso on the fly-leaf. The author concludesby expressing a desire for the compilation ofa history of the Moghul empire from theeleventh year of the reign of Aurangzlb tothe " present time," A.H. 1162.

At the end is written : jJj ^ ^

Jiyb jAM J^yi* {ty~». ^$S>An English version is written in the mar¬

gin. A table occupying five pages, foil. 2—4,shows the titles of the works mentioned inthe text.

An English translation has been pub¬lished under the title : " A Critical Essay onvarious MS. works, Arabic and Persian, illus¬trating the history," etc., London, 1832.

Add. 24,042.Poll. 110; 10£ in. by 7|; 13 lines in a

page; written in fair Nestalik, early in the19th century. [II. II. Wilson.]

A classed Catalogue of Oriental MSS. inthe Library of the College of Port William.It is a mere list of titles, mostly withoutauthor's name. It includes Persian andArabic MSS., with some in the Indian ver¬naculars.

On the first page is written: " T. Roebuck,26 Sept. 1812."

Add. 26,321. A & B.A. A paper roll, 10 feet by 7 inch.;

written in Nestalik, early in the 19th century.[Wm. Erskine.]

A list of fifteen Persian MSS. relating tothe history of India, with a detailed state¬ment of the contents of some of them;endorsed by Mr. Erskine: "Catalogue ofPersian books sent by Henry Russell, Esq."

Mr. (afterwards Sir Henry) Russell wasResident at the court of Haidarabad from1811 to 1820. The MSS. named in the listwere added to the Erskine collection, andare now in the Museum.

B. A paper roll, 2 feet by 7, containingthe titles of the same MSS.

Add. 25,864:.Foil. 37; 10£ in. by 6£; written in

Nestalik, early in the 19th century.[Wm. Cureton.]

A catalogue of Persian, Arabic, andHindi MSS. in the library of Munshi RamDayal, with a Persian preface by the owner'sson, Ram Partab Saha'I Ilahabadi, t—jU^-j A

,^iibWl ^^-»

Beg. j «-r***' *V)*S? t>!> LgJL>\ j>C-«i ±1>

It is arranged in alphabetical order ac¬cording to the titles, and gives in fourcolumns the title and description of eachMS., the author's name, the number ofleaves, and that of quires.

Prefixed are two horoscopes in Sanskrit,dated Samvat 1874 and 1877 (A.D. 1817and 1820).

VOL. II. T T

( 778 )

DRAWINGS AND CALLIGRAPHY.

Add. 18,801.Foil. 44; 4£ in. by 9£. An album of

highly finished miniatures by Indian artists,mostly portraits of princes and amirs of tbereigns of Jahfmgir, Shahjahan, and Aurang-zib. It was made a Vakf, or pious donation,by Asbraf Khan, whose seal bears the dateA.H. 1072, and whose portrait is found onfol. 6 with this inscription in Shikastah,u_fii'lj <sh-^, "portrait of the humbledonor." Notes by the same hand are to beseen at tbe back of the other portraits, withthe exception of a few, which arc apparentlysubsequent additions. All bear later in¬scriptions in Nestalik, which do not alwaysagree with the former, and arc therefore notto be trusted. An English table of contentsis prefixed to the volume.

Mir Muhammad Ashraf, son of Islam KhanMashhadT (see below, No. 11), received the titleof Ashraf Khan in the fourth year of Aurang¬zib (A.H. 1071-2), was subsequently ap¬pointed to the office of Mir Bakhshi, and diedA.H. 1097. See Ma'asir ul-Umara, fol. 66.

In the following list of subjects, the namesand designations taken from the donor'sautograph notes are distinguished by in¬verted commas.

1. "Abd Ullah Khan, sovereign of Turan."2. Shah 'Abbas, of Persia.3. " Sadik Khan," cousin of Asaf Khan,

and father of Ja'far Khan, the Great Vazir.Sadik Khan was Mir Bakhshi under Jahan-gir and Shahjahan. He died A.H. 1043.See Ma'asir, fol. 368.

4. " Hakim Da'ud Takarrub Khan." Hecame from Persia A.H. 1053, was raised to

the Khanship in the 20th year of Shahjahan,and died A.H. 1073. See' Ma'asir, fol. 120.

5. "Muhammad 'Ali Beg, who came asambassador to Shahjahan."

6. "The humble donor," i.e. Ashraf Khan.(7. According to the English table, a por¬

trait of Asaf Khan, now missing.)8. Eancy portrait of a lady in male attire de¬

scribed as a European princess Ciii/ ^^fcliisb,a later addition. At the back is a calligra¬phic specimen dated A.H. 1182.

9. " IlahvirdI Khan the elder." He wasmade Khan at the beginning of Shahjahan'sreign, was subsequently appointed Governorof Behar, and died A.H. 1070. See Ma'asir,fol. 50.

10. The emperor Akbar, with Jahfmgir asa child.

11. "The late Navvab Islam Khan." 'Abdul-Salam Mashhadi, afterwards Islam Khan,father of the donor, was appointed to theVazirate in the 13th year of Shahjahan, anddied A.H. 1057. See Ma'asir, fol. 39.

12. "Fazl Ullah Khan, son of the donor'spaternal uncle." Fazl Ullah Khan, son ofSiyadat Khan, a brother of Islam Khan, wasraised to the Khanship in the first year ofAurangzib, and died in the twentieth of thesame reign. See Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 77.

13. "Bahmanyfir Ftikad Khan, son ofAsaf Khan." He received the title of PtikadKhan, with the office of Mir Bakhshi, in the25th year of Shahjahan, and died in the 15thyear of Aurangzib. See Tazkirat ul-Umara,fol. 12.

14. " The emperor Jahangir, the emperorAkbar, the Khankhanan, and attendant."

15 "Maharajah Jasvant Singh," the Za-

DRAWINGS AND CALLIGRAPHY. 779

mindar of Jaudhpur, who fought Aurangzib Iin support of Dara Shikuh, but subsequentlysubmitted to the victor and was appointed tothe government of Malwah. He died in the22nd year of Aurangzib. See Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 136.

10. " The emperor Jahangir."17. " The emperor Shahjahan."18. " Sa'id Khan Bahadur Zafar Jang," a

Chaghatai Amir, son of Ahmad Beg KhanKabul!. He was made Khan in the 15thyear of Jahangir, and Subahdar of Kabul inthe 4th year of Shahjahan. He died A.H.1062. See Ma'asir, fol. 302, and Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 51.

19. " Ja'far Khan," son of Sadik Khan (seeNo. 3). He was appointed Vazir by Shah¬jahan in the 31st year of his reign, and re¬instated by Aurangzib. He died A.H. 1081.See Ma'asir, fol. 130.

20. "'Ala ul-Mulk Tuni, entitled FazilKhan." He was Mir Saman, or Lord Steward,under Shahjahan and Aurangzib, and diedA.H. 1073. See Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 75.

21. Bakir A'zam Khan Siivaji," Mir Bakh-shi under Jahangir and Shahjahan. He diedas governor of Jaunpur A.H. 1059. SeeMa'asir, fol. 42.

22. A female figure worshipped by angels,endorsed ^ C-ya*, 'the Blessed Mary.'

23. Amir Timur on his throne, withcourtiers and attendants.

24. "Mirza Nur ul-Hasan, son of MirzaMuhsin B. Asaf Khan Ja'far." Mirza Ja'farBeg, afterwards Asaf Khan, Vazir of Jahan¬gir, and governor of Prince Parviz, died A.H.1021. See Blochmann, Ain i Akbari, p. 411.

25. " Safi Mirza, son of Shah 'Abbas theelder,"with hawk-bearer,hawk,and secretary.

26. " Lashkar Khan, son of ZabardastKhan, ambassador to Persia." He was sentby Shahjahan to 'Abbas II. to congratulatehim on his accession, A.H. 1052. He diedas Mir Bakhsdii A.H. 1081. See Ma'agir,

fol. 433.

27. Asaf Khan, i.e. Mirza Abul-Hasan, sonof rtimad ud-Daulah, and Vazir of Shahjahan,who died A.H. 1051. See Ma'asir, fol. 30.

28. " Sitting of His Majesty with princesand amirs." Shahjahan sits on his throne infull Darbar. His four sons, who stand athis side, and the amirs who surround thethrone, have their names written upon them.

29. " I'tikad Khan, son of Asaf Khan."See above, No. 13.

30. " Hakim Masih uz-Zaman," i. e. Ha¬kim Sadra, son of Hakim Pakhr ud-Din Shi-• ' •razi. He came to India in the 46th year ofAkbar, obtained the title of Masih uz-Zamanin the 4th year of Jahangir, and died A.H.1061. See Ma'asir, fol. 142, and Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 112.

31. "Mir Muhammad Sa'id Mir Jumlah,who became Khankhanan in Hindustan."See above, p. 266 a.

32. " Mulla Sa'd Ullah, who became Khanand Vazir of Hindustan," i.e. Sa'd Ullah Khan'Alliimi, who was raised to the Vazirate inthe 19th year of Shahjahan, and died A.H.1066. See Ma'asir, fol. 303, and Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 55.

33. " Khalil Ullah Khan Shah-Ni'mat-Ul-lahi," son of Mirmlran Yazdi. He was ele¬vated to the Khanship in the 2nd year ofShahjahan, and died A.H. 1072. See Ma'asir,fol. 188, and Tazkirat, fol. 39.

34. " The emperor'Alamgir " (Aurangzib).35. " Daniyal Shah," the eldest son of

Akbar.36. " Sha'istah Khan, son of Asaf Khan"

(Abul-Hasan), originally called Mirzfi AbuTalib. He became Amir ul-Umani in thefirst year of Aurangzib, and died A.H. 1105.See Ma'asir, fol. 360.

37. " Ja'far Khan, son of Sadik Khan; "see No. 19.

38. " Mulla Shafi a, afterwards Danish-mand Khan," a native of Yazd, who held theoffice of Mir BakhshI under Shahjahan and

Y Y 2

780 DRAWINGS AND CALLIGRAPHY.

Aurangzib, and died A.H. 1071. See Ma'a-sir, fol. 209.

39. " Darab Khan, son of 'Abd ur-RahimKhankhanan; Afzal Khan Mulla Sliukr Ul-lah ; Rajah Man Singh; Parviz, and one ofthe descendants of Timur." Darab Khan,governor of Bengal, was put to death, A.H.1035, by Mahabat Khan. See Blochmann,Ain i Akbari, p. 339. Afzal Khan died A.H.1048 ; see Ma'asir, fol. 36. Man Singh, Ra¬jah of Amber, died in the 9th year of Jahan-gir; Fee Blochmann, p. 339. Parviz, son ofJahangir, died at the age of thirty-eightyears, A.H. 1035.

40. "The emperor Jahangir, IlahvirdiKhan (see No 9), and Shaikh Shir Muham¬mad Kavval (the singer)."

41. " Mirza Nauzar, son of Mirza Haidar,and grandson of Mirza Muzanar Husain Kan¬dahar!, a relative of Shah 'Abbas." This Amir,a favourite of Shahjahan, died A.H. 1074.See Ma'a§ir, fol. 512, and Blochmann, p. 461.

42. The emperor Humayun, attended byMirza. Shahum, Lashkar Khan, and Khush-hal Beg, with two H.ljis who recite the Pfi-tihah (a miniature of the 16th century).

43. 'Umar Shaikh, father of Babar, in awild hilly scenery, with attendants.

41. " 'Izzat Khan, son-in-law of 'Abd Ul-lah Khan Bahadur Piruz Jang.'' He wasmade Khan in the 4th year of Shahjahan, anddied A.H. 1042. See Ma'asir, fol. 378.

The miniatures are signed by the follow¬ing artists:—Govardhan (No. 3, 31), Hunhar(No. 6, 9, 11, 19, 24, 29), Chitarman (No.20, 36, 37), Muhammad Nadir Samarkand!(No. 21, 25, 26, 33, 35, 40, 44), AnGpchitar(No. 28, 32), Mir Hashim (No. 30, 41), andBhagvati (No. 42).

Add. 5254.Poll. 45; 13£ in. by 9|. [Sir H. Sloane.]Portraits of princes and amirs of the courts

of Dehli, Golconda, and Bijiipur, in the latter

part of the 11th century of the Hijrah, andof some princes of the same century. Mostof them have the names added in the Persiancharacter. Slips bearing Portuguese andEnglish titles, and pasted at the bottom ofeach portrait, have in some cases been trans¬posed. The subjects are as follows (thetranscription of the Persian letterings ismarked by inverted commas):—

Shah 'Abbas II., fol. 1 a. " Shah Sulai-man," fol. 1 b. " Ahmad Khan," foil. 2,32 b. "Shah 'Abbas the Great," fol. 3." Muhammad Ibrahim," chancellor of Gol¬conda (see Add. 22,282, fol. 24), fol. 4." Path Jang Khan," a general of Aurangzib,who died in the Deccan in the 26th year ofthe reign, foil. 5, 23 a. " Sultan 'Abd Ullah "(Kutubshah, king of Golconda, A.H. 1035—1083), foil. 6, 25 a, b. "The emperor Ja¬hangir," foil. 7, 14. "Aurang Shah" (Au¬rangzib in his youth), fol. 8. Hindu ladies,foil. 9, 10. "Mirza Ahmad," son-in-law of'Abd Ullah Kutubshah, foil. 11, 20. " Theemperor Akbar," fol. 12. " Shahjahan," fol.13." "Sultan Muradbakhsh," son of Shah¬jahan, fol. 13. " Dara Shikiih and SultanShuja," sons of Shahjahan, fol. 14 b. " Theemperor Aurangzib," fol. 15 a. " Sultan Mu'-azzam," afterwards Bahadur Shah, fol. 15 b.Kambakhsh, the youngest son of Aurangzib,fol. 16. Asad Khan, Vazir of Aurangzib,who was arrested by Parrukhsiyar, and diedA.H. 1127, fol. 17. " Sultan Mahmud " (readMuhammad), the eldest son of Aurangzib,fol. 18 a. " Mir Jumlah " (see p. 266 a), fol.18 b. " Muhammad Amin Khan," son of thepreceding, fol. 19 a. Maula Ruha, fol. 19 b."Rajah Kara," fol. 20 b. " Rajah Man Singh,"(a portrait of the same Rajah, Add. 7964,fol. 17 b, is inscribed "Rajah Ram Singh"),fol. 21 a. " Safshikan Khan," commander ofAurangzib's artillery, who died A.H. 1085,fol. 21 b. " Rajah Bahar Singh" (see Add.7964, fol. 13, where a portrait of the sameofficer is lettered " Rajah Bhao Singh"), fol.


22 a. "Mirza Ilich Khan" (probably thesame as Mirzii Irich Khan, who served in theDeccan, and died as governor of Berar, A.H.1096), fol. 22 b. " Maula Sami a," fol. 23 b." Shaikh Muhammad Khatun," Vazir of'AbdUllah Kutubshah, fol. 24 a. " Sultan Mu¬hammad Kuli" (of Golconda, A.H. 988—1020), fol. 24 b. « Sayyid Muzaffar," chan¬cellor of Golconda, fol. 26 a. " Shah Mirza,"chancellor of Golconda, fol. 26 b. " Sayyid'Ali, son of Sayyid Muzaffar," fol. 27 a." Khairat Khan," fol. 27 b. " Niknam Khan,"a eunuch, general to 'Ahd Ullah Kutubshah,fol. 28 a. " 'Abd ul-Jabbar Beg," Vazir toAbul-Hasan Kutubshah, fol. 28 b. " Maula'Abd us-Samad, Dabir," fol. 29 a. " Sultan'Ahd ul-Hasan (Abul-Hasan) Kutubshah"(of Golconda, A.H. 1083—1098), fol. 29 b." Mirza Nasir," minister to the king of Gol¬conda, fol. 30 a. " Shah Raju," confessor tothe king of Golconda, fol. 30 b. " HasanKhan," Vazir to the king of Golconda,fol. 31 a. "Sharzah Khan," a general underthe king of Golconda, fol. 31 b. " HusainKhan," Vazir to the king of Golconda, fol.32 b. " Musa Khan," general to the king ofGolconda, fol. 33 a. " Mahmud 'Adilshah,"son of Ali 'Adilshah, fol. 33 b. "IkhhisKhan," general of the king of Bijapur, fol.34 a. "Maula 'Abd ul-Mali" (read Abul-Maali), fol. 34 b. "'All 'Adilshah," king ofBijapur, A.H. 1048—1083, fol. 35 a. Thebow-beai'er of Shah 'Abbas, fol. 35 b. Theten Avatars of Vishnu, foil. 36—45.

Add. 7964.Poll. 61} 11| in. by 8. Fifty-one por¬

traits of Indian princes and amirs, with thenames in the Persian character. The sub¬jects of all but one are identical with those ofthe preceding collection, and the treatment isin most cases so similar, that they appear tobe copies derived from the same originals.

The general arrangement also is nearly thesame. The subject of the additional portraitis Afzal Khan, the Bijapur general, fol. 25.

Add. 22,282.Poll. 26; 6J in. by 5£. Twenty-six por¬

traits of princes and amirs of the courts ofDehli, Golconda, and Bijapur, in the time ofAurangzib, with contemporary inscriptionsin Dutch. The subjects are : Akbar, fol 1.Jahiingir, fol. 2. Shahjahan, fol. 3. DaraShikuh, fol. 4. Shah Shuja', fol. 5. MuradBakhsh, fol. 6. Aurangzib, fol. 7. SultanMahmud, eldest son of Aurangzib, fol. 8.Mir Jumlah, fol. 9. Muhammad AminKhan, son of Mir Jumlah, fol. 10. PathJang Khan, fol. 11. Sivaji, • the late Marat-tah prince,' fol. 12. 'Ali 'Adilshah, 'late kingof Bijapur,' fol. 13. 'Ali 'Adilshah, son of thepreceding (called Mahmud 'Adilshah in Add.5254, fol. 33, 6, and Add. 7964, fol. 28), fol.14. Sultan 'Abd Ullah Kutubshah, 'lateking of Golconda,' fol. 15. Sayyid Muzaffar,'late state-chancellor of Golconda,' fol. 16.Niknam Khan, 'late general of Golconda,'fol. 17. Shah Mirza, ' late state-chancellorof Golconda,' fol. 18. 'Abd us-Samad, 1 latesecretary of 'Abd Ullah Kutubshah,' fol. 19.'Abd ul-Jabbar Beg, fol.' 20. Sultan Abul-Hasan, 'present king of Golconda,' fol. 21.Shah Rnju, priest of the king of Golconda,fol. 22. Maduna Pandit, state-counsellor ofGolconda, fol. 23. Muhammad Ibrahim,state-chancellor of Golconda, fol. 24. 'Abdur-Razzak, fol. 25. * Sharzah Khan, colonel,fol. 26.

Add. 23,609.Poll. 21} 16 in. by 11. Twenty-one por¬

traits of Indian amirs of the 17th and 18thcenturies, and specimens of penmanship,with illuminated borders; bound in stampedleather.

782 DRAWINGS AND CALLIGRAPHY.

The following portraits have names addedin Persian, or can be otherwise identified :—Mir Jumlah (see p. 779 b, No. 31), fol. 2." Abd Ullah Kutubshah," fol. 3. "Faiz UllahKhan," fol. 4. " Sazavar Khan," who diedin the 29th year of the reign of Aurangzib,fol. 5. "Guru Govind, the Sikh leader,"fol. 7. " Miyan 'Abd ud-Hadi," fol. 9." Nadir Shah," fol. 10. " Shuja' ud-Daulah,"Navvab of Oude, fol. 11. " Iftikhar ud-Daulah Mirza 'All Khan Bahadur," fol. 12."Safdar Jang," Navvab of Oude, fol. 13."Mulla Dupiyazah," a caricature of a fatand dwarfish old Mulla riding an ema¬ciated hack, fol. 14. " Sayyid Niyaz KhanBahadur, a kinsman ((J^j»0 of the VazTrKamar ud-DinKhan," fol. 15. " ShahShuja,son of Shahajhan," fol. 16. " Navvab Mu¬hammad Sildah Khan," fol. 18. " Kam-bakhsh, son of Aurangzib," fol. 19.

The calligraphic specimens, which are inNestalik, Naskhi and Shikastah, have thefollowing signatures and dates:—Pir 'All (afriend of J ami; see Melanges Asiatiques,vol. ii. p. 43), fol. 3 b. Muhammad Husain,fol. 6 b. Pjiiz-Rakam Khan, fol. 9 b. 'AliRiza ul-'Abbasi, (of Tabriz ; he died sometime after Shah 'Abbas I.; see Tahir Nasira-badi, fol. 155), A.H. 1022, fol. 11 b. Mir'Imad(see p. 519 b), fol. 12. Muhammad Muminul-Husaini 'Arshi (who died A.H. 1091; seeMir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 462), A.H. 1049, foil.14, 16, 17. Mir'Ali, fol. 19. 'Abd Ullah,A.H. 1057, fol. 20. Mu'izz ud-Din Muham¬mad ul-Husaini (of Kashan, who went toIndia in the reign of 'Abbas I., and diedthere; see Tahir Nasirabadi, fol. 156, andMelanges Asiatiques, vol. ii. p. 43), A.H.986, fol. 21.

Add. 23,610.Foil. 28 ; 17 in. by ll£; a volume con¬

taining thirty-six miniatures in Indian style,of the 18th century, and twenty calligraphicspecimens, with broad illuminated margins.

The miniatures include, besides huntingscenes and fancy subjects, portraits of Indianprinces and amirs of the 17th and 18thcenturies, some of which are without names.The following can be identified:—Akbar,fol. 1. Jahangir, fol. 2. Parviz, fol. 3. Shah-jahan, fol. 4. Akbar, with followers, hunting,fol. 5. Bidarbakhsh, son of A'zam Shah, fol. 6.Ghazi ud-Din Khan 'Imad ul-Mulk, Vazir of'Alamgir II., fol. 9. Lutf Ullah Khan Sadik,the Khansaman of Muhammad Shah, fol. 10.Muzaffar Khan, brother of Khandauran,who fell in the battle of Karnal, A.H. 1151,fol. 13. Timur Shah, son of Ahmad ShahDurrani, fol. 17. I'tikad Khan Akbarshahi,fol. 20. 'Aklmand Khan (Don Pedro deSilva), fol. 21. 'Azim ush-Shan, the secondson of Bahadur Shah, fol. 23. Shah SharafBu 'Ali Kalandar, an Indian saint, whodied A.H." 724, fol. 25. Hazrat Kutb, i.e.the celebrated saint, Kutb ud-Din Kakl(p. 432 6), fol. 26. Rajaii Jasvant Singh,fol. 27.

The calligraphic specimens contain thefollowing signatures and dates :—Zarrin-Rakam (Hidayat Ullah; see p. 45 b), fol. 1.'Ali (Mir), fol. 2. Sayyid Musavi, fol. 4.Gulzar Rakam Khan, A.H. 1175, foil. 6, 21.'Abd Ullah ul-Husaini, A.H. 1013, fol. 7.Mir Shaikh ul-Purani, fol. 8. Sayyid Ali ul-Husaini ut-Tabrizi (JavahirRakam; seebelow,21,928, fol. 6), A.H. 1073, 1075, foil. 10, 12.Muhammad Ilashim ul-Husaini, fol. 15.Mir 'Abd Ullah, fol. 18. llaushan-Rakam,fol. 22. Mahdl, A.H. 1114, fol. 26. MirzaMuhammad Salih, fol. 27.

On the cover is the Persian stamp ofMajor Polier, with the date A.H. 1181.

Add. 21,928.Foil. 35; 18 in. by 14. An album of

miniatures and calligraphic specimens, withwide and richly ornamented borders; boundin stamped leather.

DRAWINGS AND

The miniatures, thirty-four in number, arein the best Indian style, apparently of the 17thand beginning of the 18th century. Theyrepresent various scenes of Indian life and ofEastern fiction, and include some portraitswhich bear no names. Among the latterthose of Jahangir and Asaf Khan (MirztiAbul-Hasan), fol. 3 b, of Akbar, fol. 4 a, ofSh;"ih Abbas L, fol. 5 b, of Muhammad Shah,fol. 7 b (see Add. 22,363, fol. 22), and ofShah Jahan sitting with his four youthfulsons before a holy Shaikh, fol. 14 a, are easilyrecognized. Two miniatures, on foil. 17 b,18 a, are evidently imitated from Europeanmodels.

The calligraphic specimens, which are inNestalik, are due to some of the best pen¬men of the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries ofthe Hijrah. They bear the following signa¬tures and dates :—Mir AIT ul-Katib, foil. 1, 8,11, 13, etc. Muhammad 'Imad ul-Husaini,A.H. 1017, Ml. 2, 30. Javahir Rakam Khan(Mir Sayyid 'AH Khan, of Tabriz, writing-master and librarian of Aurangzib, died A.H.1094; see Mir'at ul-'Alam, p. 463), foil. 6,15. Muhammad Yar, master of Earkhun-dah Akhtar, son of Bahadur Shah, fol. 7.'Abd ur-Rahlm 'Anbarin Kalam, foil. 9, 29.Muhammad Miisa, fol. 10. Vahld, A.H.1152, fol. 12. 'Abd Ullah ul-Husaini ut-TirmizI (surnamed MushkTn Kalam, seep. 154 a), A.H. 1011, fol. 16. Sultan. 'AliMashhadi (see p. 573 a), fol. 17. HidayatUllah ZarrTn-Rakam, A.H. 1112, fol. 18.Muhammad Murad ul-Katib, foil. 22, 32.Mir Husain ul-Husaini ul-Katib, foil. 23, 31.Ahmad ul-Husaini, foil. 23, 31. Nur ud-Din Muhammad LahijT, fol. 25. Muham¬mad Husain ut-Tabrizi (in the reign of ShahTahmasp, see 'Alamarai, fol. 44), fol. 27.Abd ul-Aziz, fol. 34.

Add. 11,747.Foil. 61; 14£ in. by 11 J; a collection of

CALLIGRAPHY. 783

Indian miniatures of the 18th century,bearing the Persian seal of Sir Elijah Impey.

Eoll. 2—28 and 57—61 form one uniformseries, and represent groups of figures, chieflyfemales, in various attitudes and differentsurroundings. These are the conventionalsymbols of the musical modes called Ragsand RaginTs, the names of which are writtenat the back in the Devanagari and Persiancharacters.

The rest of the volume contains favouritesubjects of Eastern fiction, as Krishna andthe Gopis, Kamriip and Kamlatii, Earhadand Shirin, Laill and Majnun, etc., andscenes of Indian life. It includes also a fewportraits, some of which bear names, asthoso of Jahangir, fol. 33, Aurangzib, fol. 34,Azlm us-Shan (son of Shah 'Alam Bahadur)and his son Karlm ud-Dln, fol. 44. At theback of some of the drawings are foundspecimens of Persian calligraphy.

Add. 18,800.Eoll. 12; 13 in. by 9J; bound in stamped

leather.Eleven portraits of Indian princes, with

ornamental borders, and twelve calligra¬phic specimens in the Naskhi character;apparently of the first half of the 18thcentury. Eive of the portraits bear namesin the Persian character, viz. MuhammadMahfuz, Muhammad Ahmad, Akbar Padi¬shah, Hasan Kull Khan, and Navvab HusainKull Khan.

The last two are probably meant forHasan 'All and Husain'All, the two Sayyidsof Barhah.

The calligraphic specimens are signed byEaiz Ullah, pupil of Yakut Rakam Khan,Husain ud-Dln Khan, and Muhammad ShukrUllah.

Add. 18,802.Eoll. 22 ; 11| in. by 7; bound in stamped

leather.

784 DRAWINGS AND

Forty-two miniatures in Indian style, ofthe early part of the 18th century, enclosedin ornamental borders, and representing,for the most part, Hindu ladies in variousattitudes. There are also portraits of Aurang-?iib and Farrukhsiyar.

Add. 22,363.Foil. 28; 16 in. by 11£; a collection of

twenty-eight large miniatures in fine Indianstyle, of the 18th century, with illuminatedborders.

They represent subjects of Eastern fiction,incidents of the legend of Krishna, sym¬bolical figures of Efiginis, and huntingscenes. There are also a few portraits, oneof which, fol. 22, bears the name of Muham¬mad Shah, fol. 22.

A calligraphic specimen, fol. 9 b, is signedMuhammad 'Abid B. Muhammad HashimKuraishI, and dated Akbarabad, A.H. 1125.

Add. 18,803.Foil. 21; 14 in. by 10; miscellaneous

Hindu miniatures of the 17th and 18thcenturies, representing mythological subjects,female figures emblematic of the Raginis,and scenes of Hindu life. The last three areportraits. The first of these, a Moghul war¬rior drinking, is lettered Hulaku Khan. Thesecond, a young prince riding, hawk in hand,is inscribed s^V; sit ^i,, probably Raf i'usk-Shan, the third son of Shah 'Alam BahadurShah. The third, a gentleman in the Euro¬pean costume of last century, has no name.Some specimens of Nestalik writing aresigned Mirza Salih and Mir Imad.

Add. 21,154.Foil. 24; 15| in. by 10£; a collection of

Hindu miniatures of the 18th century, andcalligraphic specimens.

CALLIGRAPHY.

The miniatures represent Indian ladies,and scenes of Hindu life and romance. Theyalso include some portraits bearing the follow¬ing names:—Shah 'Abbas, fol. 12. The grand¬son of Tana, Shah {i.e. of Abul-Hasan Ku-tubshah), fol. 15. 'Inayat'Ali Khan Bangash,fol. 17. Rasul Khan Bangash, fol. 18. RajahMan Singh, fol. 19. Nur Jahan Begam, fol. 20.

Seven of the calligraphic specimens aredetached leaves of the Divan i Shalri(p. G40 a). Two, foil. 17,18, are fragments ofthe tale of Gopichand and Mirgavati, ascene of which is depicted on fol. G a.Others bear the signatures of Kashfi(p. 154 a), fol. 9 a, 'Abd ul-Khalik B. HabibUllah ul-Haravi, A.H. 990, fol. 11 a, Mu¬hammad Sadik, A.H. 1102, fol. 14 b, andKiyam ud-Din Khan, fol. 22 b.

Add. 15,526.Foil. 22 ; 18 in. by A volume con¬

taining twenty-six miniatures in fair Indianstyle, of the 17th and 18th centuries, withsome specimens of calligraphy.

The miniatures, which represent mostlyscenes of Hindu life and of Eastern fiction,include also the following portraits:—ChandBibi of Ahmad Nagar, the wife of 'All 'AdilShah, fol. 1. Farrukhsiyar, fol. 8. Muham¬mad Mu'azzam (afterwards Bahadur Shah),fol. 9. 'Alimardan Khan (of Haidarabad,who died in the fiftieth year of Aurangzib'sreign; see Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 70), fol.12. Sulaiman Shikuh, son of Dara Shikuh,fol. 14. Sayyid Muzaffar, chancellor ofGolconda, fol. 16. Sultan Mahmud (Muham¬mad), the eldest son of Aurangzlb, fol. 17.

Two European engravings, a Dutch land¬scape, fol. 2, and the assumption of the HolyVirgin, fol. 12, have been inserted.

The calligraphic specimens, which are inNestalik, Naskhi and Shikastah, show thefollowing signatures and dates:—Hidayat'AliTajalliVilayat Rakam Haidarabadl, A.H. 1179.


They are Shirin Rakam, A.IL 1134, JaviihirRakam Sani, A.H. 1134, Muhammad Ismfi'il,Abul-Bakii ul-Miisavi, A.H. 1101, and Mu¬hammad Husain B. Sharaf ud-Din 'All.

Add. 22,470.Poll. 32 ; 15 in. by 11; an album contain¬

ing thirty-two highly finished Indian minia¬tures, of the 17th and 18th centuries, withcalligraphic specimens; bound in paintedcovers.

The miniatures, which mostly representscenes of Indian life and Eastern fiction,include also portraits of princes, amirs, andsaints, to some of which names are added.The following can bo identified:—

Akbar sitting on his throne, surrounded byofficials, to most of whom names are added,fol. 4. Prince Daniyal, fol. 5. Shah Sliuja',fol. 6. Jahangir, with suite, crossing a riverin boats, fol. 13. Parrukhsiyar, fol. 19.Muhammad Amin Khan, fol. 20. The VazirHasan *Ali Khan (afterwards Sayyid 'AbelUllah Khan Kutb ul-Mulk), fol. 29. 'Abdul-Majid Khan, fol. 30.

The portraits of saints, as Khwajah Ahrilr(p. 353 6), fol. 1, Bairagi Ramdas, fol. 11,and Shah Madar (p. 301 b), fol. 14, are pro¬bably imaginary.

The specimens of penmanship are signedby Mir 'AIT, foil. 1, 24, 31, Muhammad Muradfol. 2, Muhammad Husain ut-Tabrizi, foil. 8,18, 28, Minuchihr, A.IL 1075, fol. 12, Khiidim'AIT, A.H. 1189, fol. 15, Sultan 'All Mash-hadi, fol. 17, Muhammad Salih ul-Husaini,fol. 27.

An English note on the fly-leaf states thatthe MS. had been taken from the library ofHafiz Rahmat (see p. 212 a), at the time ofhis death.

Or. 375.Poll. 39; 17 in. by 13; a collection of

Hindu drawings of various sizes, of the 17th,VOL. II.

18th, and 19th centuries, containing portraitsof Indian princes and amirs, and some fancysubjects. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

The portraits are those of Akbar, fol. 1,Jahangir, fol. 2, Shabjahan, as prince, fol. 3,Shahjahan, as emperor, fol. 4, DiSra Shikuh,foil. 5,6, Nur Jahiin Begam, fol. 7, MuhammadA'zam Shah, fol. 8, Parrukhsiyar, fol. 9, AkbarShah II., foil. 10, 11. Muhammad BahadurShah, fol. 12, Nadir Shah, fol. 13, RanjitSingh, fol. 14, Amir Khan, fol. 15, Kamarud-Din Khan, fol. 16, Shaistah Khan, fol. 17,Khankhanan, fol. 18, Ghiizi ud-Din Khan,fol. 19, Khan-Dauran Khan, fol. 20, LalahHazara Beg, fol. 21, Shahnavaz Khan, fol. 22,Hakim Muhtadi 'AH Khan, fol. 23, the Maha¬rajah of Udaipur, with queen and femaleattendants, fol. 24, Maharajah Jagat Singh ofJaipur, fol. 25, Rajah Birbal, with attendants,fol. 26, Rana Pirthl-Das, fol. 27, GeneralPerron with wife, fol. 28, Ranjit Singh,fol. 29, the saint Kabir, Pir Dastgir, fol. 31,Shaikh Salim Chishti, fol. 32.

Add. 5717.Poll. 66; 13 in. by 7f. Miscellaneous

Hindu drawings of various sizes, mostlyblack, or slightly tinted, of the 17th and 18thcenturies; collected in Lucknow, 1785—88.

They represent hunting scenes, fights ofelephants, figures of large animals cunninglymade up of smaller ones, mythological sub¬jects, scenes of Hindu life, Pakirs, etc.

There are also some portraits. The fol¬lowing have names:—Jalal ud-Din RumT,foil. 44, 60, Dara Shikuh, with his son Sulai-man Shikuh, fol. 45, Mir Muhammad Sa'id,fol. 46, Babar, fol. 52.

Add. 5027 B.(Originally numbered Sloane 2925).

Foil. 44; 8i in. by 12. Album of EngH-bert Kaempfer, containing drawings by him-

z z

786 DRAWINGS AND

self and by Persian artists, as follows:—Penand ink drawings, by Kaempfer, of Yazdikhast,fol. 1, Hormuz, fol. 3, a fortress on a hill,without name, fol. 4, and the column ofhorns, Isfahan (see Amcenitates Exoticse,p. 291), fol. 5. Native drawings represent¬ing a scene from Laila and Majnun, foil.6, 7; costumes of various classes in Persiaand neighbouring countries, with Persianlettering, foil. 8—21; various animals foundin Persia and Irak, with their names in Per¬sian, foil. 22—34, 38—44.

Prom a note on fol. 42 the above drawingsappear to have been executed for Kaempfer,in Isfahan, A.H. 1096, by Jani, son of UstazBahram. The same name and date appear ona lady's portrait, by the same artist, fol. 37.

Map of the world, transcribed by Kaempferfrom a Persian original, fol. 35. Map of thenorthern parts of Persia, from Isfahan to theCaspian, with names in Prench, by Kaempfer.

Or. 1372.Foil. 51; 16^ in. by 10^ ; bound in painted

covers. [Sir Charles Alex. Murray.]An album of miniatures and specimens of

calligraphy, with rich 'Unvan, and orna¬mental borders.

The miniatures, which are partly in thePersian and partly in the Indian style, repre¬sent, for the most part, fancy figures andvaried scenes of Eastern life. They include,however, a few portraits, to some of whichnames have been added, as follows:—HakimShifa'i, a physician and poet of the reign ofShah 'Abbas I., fol. 7 a. Aka Hiidi, with alady, fol. 10 b. Sultan Ala ud-Dln [B.] Fl-riiz Shah and Khwajah Hasan (see p. 618 a),fol. 15 a. Shah Salim (Jahangir), withhawk-bearer, fol. 19 a.

Pour engravings, German and Flemish, ofthe 16th and 17th centuries, have been in¬serted. See foil. 36, 38, 50, 51.

The names of the following painters arefound on some of the Persian miniatures :

CALLIGRAPHY.

Riza i 'AbbFisi, who lived under Shah 'Ab¬bas I, foil. 4 6, 7 a, 11 a, 34 5, MuhammadKasim, apparently of the same period, foil.27 a, and Bihzad, a painter of the reign of Sul¬tan Husain Baikara (see Memoirs of Baber,p. 197), fol. 50 a.

The calligraphic specimens, mostly inlarge Nestalik, are by celebrated penmen ofthe 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries of theHijrah. They bear the following signaturesand dates : Mir 'All ul-Katib (see p. 531 a),A.H. 939, and Bukhara, without year, foil.5—15, 18, 19, 49. Mir 'Imad ul-Husaini(the first calligrapher of the time of Shah'Abbas I.; see p. 519 b), Isfahan, A.H. 1023,foil. 16, 35. 'Abd ur-Rashid ud-Dailami, Is¬fahan, A.H. 1025—1052, foil. 16,17, 20—23,38—48. Muhammad Sfilih B. Abu Turab,Isfahan, A.H. 1093—1120, foil. 1—4, 24—37.

Add. 7468.Poll. 100; 9± in. by C^; an album of calli¬

graphy, with some miniatures ; mounted incloth and enclosed in painted covers.

[CI. J. Rich.]The specimens of penmanship in Nestalik,

Naskhi, and Shafi'ai, are mostly of the 18thand the beginning of the 19th centuries. Thefollowing names are found in the signatures,or in the notes of the collector, with theaccompanying dates :—Hasan Shamlu, ofHerat (reign of Shah 'Abbas II.; see Zinatut-Tavarikh), fol. 6. Mir 'Imad, foil. 7, 92.Shaf i a ul-Husaini, AH. 1148, foil. 16,75. Mir¬za Zain ul-'Abidin (reign of Shah Sulaiman ;see Zinat ut-Tavarikh), A.H. 1127 and 1105,foil. 19, 52. Mirza Abul-Kasim Inju Shirazi,A.H. 1180, foil. 23, 53. Ummidi, foil. 46, 47,Muhammad Muhsin Isfahani, A.H. 1149,fol. 49. Darvish Majid, foil. 60, 72, 73.Mirza Hasan Kirmani, fol. 61. Mirza Ku-chak, pupil of Darvish Majid (the collectorspeaks of him as "now" living in Isfahan),foil. 66, 67, 96.

The collector dates one of his notes at Isfa¬han, A.H. 1228.

Among the miniatures, which are mostlyin the Indian style of the 18th century, thereare, besides fancy subjects, portraits to whichthe following names are added :—Shahrukb,fol. 14. Tlrniir, fol. 15. 'Ismat of Bukhara,with Bisati of Samarkand (see pp. 73G b,735 a), fol. 32. Hafiz, with Abu Ishak Shi-razi (see p. 634 a), fol. 33. Vali Kalandar,fol. 44. Vais Hakim ul-Mulk (apparently aportrait of Aurangzib), fol. 50. Khwajah 'AbdUllah Marvarid (of Herat, a poet and calli-grapher, who died A.H. 922), fol. 51. Sa'dl,fol. 63. Shabjahan (two profile portraits, oneof which is lettered Akbar Shah), foil. 90, 91.

Add. 27,271.Foil 18; llf in. by 8, written on gold

ground, with coloured borders, and mountedon cloth ; enclosed in painted covers.

[Sm John Malcolm.]Eighteen specimens of Persian penman¬

ship, in the character called Tarassul, signedMuhammad Kazim ul-Valih ul-Isfahani (secp. 723 a), and dated A.H. 1225. '

They contain forms of official and compli¬mentary letters, frequently repeated.

Or. 1373.Foil. 40; llf in. by 7f; an album of cal¬

ligraphic specimens, with illuminated bordersand ten miniatures; mounted on cloth, andenclosed in painted covers.

[Sir Ciias. Alex. Murray.]The calligraphic specimens in Naskhi,

Nestalik, and Shikastah, have the followingsignatures and dates:—Fazl Ullah ul-'Amili,A.H. 1254, foil. 13, 14." <Abd ul-Majld(Darvish), Isfahan, A.TI. 1173, fol. 21. Ibn'Ala ud-Din Muhammad ul-Husaini, A.H.1199, fol. 31. Ahmad un-Nairizi, A.H. 1117,fol. 32. Ka'im Makam, foil. 11, 12, 35, 36.Shah Mali mild, fol. 40.

Most of the miniatures represent fancyfigures in the Persian style of the 17th and18th centuries. One of the earliest, fol. 37, hasfor its subject the reception of Khan 'Alam,the envoy of Jahangir, by Shah 'Abbas I.,which took place in Kazvin, A.H. 1027.

Add. 4832.A single leaf, 14 in. by 8. A letter en¬

dorsed by Alex. Dow, " Fine writing of AgaKeshidee Chaun Husseini, first master in thisart." The writer, who signs 'Ali, requests acontinuance of friendly support for his sonMuhammad Bakir. At the back is the sealof Rashld Khan Husaini, with the dateA.H. 1118. An English translation issubjoined.

Add. 4833.Four leaves, bound up with the preceding,

and endorsed by Alexander Dow, "Allaha¬bad, 1763," and " Benares, 1764."

Four calligraphic specimens, two of whichare signed Rahm Ullah ul-Husaini, and MirFakhr ud-Din Husain Khan Ni'matullahi.

Add. 21,474.Foil. 13; 14^ in. by 12; autographs and

calligraphic specimens collected by LewinBowring, Esq., in Dehli, A.D. 1854. Theyare signed by the following penmen:—Munshi Dipchand, of Dehli, Samvat, 1903(A.D. 1846), foil. 1. Muhammad Kuli, ofPeshawar, A.D. 1854, fol. 2, 10. Abuz-Zafar Sirilj ud-Din Bahadur Shah, emperorof Dehli, fol. 3. Mirza Darfibakht Vali 'Ahd,'the late heir to the throne,' fol. 4. MirzaMuhammad Sultan Fath ul-Mulk Shah Vali'Ahd,' heir to the throne,' fol. 5. MuhammadAmir Rizavi, known as Sayyid Amir, of Dehli,A.H. 1270, foil.6,7. TbadUllah, fol. 8. Mu jiz-llakam Khan, of Kandahar, foil. 11—13.

The specimens include verses in Urdu,Pushtu, Panjabi and Kashmiri.

z z 2

788 DRAWINGS AND

Add. 15,969.Three sheets, 30 in. by 21, containing

bird's-eye views by native artists of royalgardens and palaces, endorsed : " Presentedto Ozias Humphrey at Lucknow, May 11th1786, by Col. Anthony Polier. It representsthe inside and the amusements of the Sultan'sZinnana."

Egerton 1061.A paper slip, 42 feet by 13^ in. Coloured

drawing, by native artists, of the cortege ofShuja* ul-Mulk, king of Kabul, with thenames of tho principal officers and corpsadded in Persian; 19 th century.

Egerton 1062.A paper slip, 22 feet 9 in. long by 14 in.

A panoramic view, by native artists, of thecity of Benares, as seen from the river, withthe names of the Ghats and principal build¬ings in Persian; 19th century.

Add. 22,716.Thirteen sheets, the largest of which

measures two feet and a half in breadth by23 inches in height. They contain coloureddrawings, carefully executed by native ar¬tists in the present century, of the principalbuildings of Agra, as follows:—1. Mauso¬leum of Akbar at Sikandrah. 2. Gate of theMausoleum. 3. Mausoleum of I'timad ud-Daulah (father of Niir Jahan), on the otherside of the Jumna. 4. The Divan Khas, or

CALLIGRAPHY.

audience-hall, inside the Fort. 5. Dehligate of the Port. 6. Rauzah MunavvarahMumtaz Mahall, or Taj Mahall (see p. 430 a),viewed from the Jumna. 7. Enclosure

of the tombs of Mumtaz Mahall and

Shahjahan. 8. Tomb of Shahjahan. 9. Tombof Mumtaz Mahall, 10—13. Detail of orna¬ment and inscriptions on the sarcophagus.

Add. 8893, Art. II., No. 1.A single sheet, 24 in. by 26; 6 lines in

Nestalik.Pac-simile of a Persian inscription in old

Dehli, stating that on the first of Rabi 1 1., inthe year 101 [read 1015], Tahir Muhammad[B.] 'Imad ud-Din Hasan B. 'All i^b^j[read ot^a-*] came from Agra, in attendanceupon the Shahzadah Sultan Khiiram, visitedthe sepulchres of the saints, and set out onhis way to the court of His Majesty Nur ud-Dln Muhammad JahangTr Padishah Ghazi inLahore.

The inscription relates to tho author ofthe Rauzat ut-Tahirin (see p. 119 b), andshows that he accompanied Sultan Khuram,afterwards Shahjahan, when that prince wassummoned by Jahanglr from Agra to Lahore.The prince's meeting with his father tookplace on the 12th of Rabi* II., A.H. 1015.See Toozuki Jehangeeree, p. 36, and 'Amal iSalih, fol. 19.

An inscription in Persian verse by thesame Muhammad Tahir, dated A.H. 1014, isengraved upon the tomb of Amir Khusrau.See Agar us-Sanidid, Appendix, p. 37,No. 38.'

( 789 )

MANUSCRIPTS OF MIXED CONTENTS.

Harl. 500.Foil. 138; 8£ in. by 5; 17 lines, 2| in.

long, in a page, written partly in Nestalik,partly in Naskhi; dated from Safar, A.H.1010, to ZulkaMah, A.H. 1012 (A.D. 1601—1604).

I. Poll. 1—18. The beginning of theGulistan of Sa'di (sec p. 597 a).

II. Poll. 20—39. Tuhfah i Shaliidi (seep. 513 b).

III. Poll. 40—73.A Persian manual in ten sections (Kism),

and four chapters (Pasl), giving grammaticalforms and familiar words, with their Turkishequivalents.

Author : Muhammad B. Haji Ilyas,O"^ <_5^"^" V?

Beg. SjUHj jU J ] A sj}See Haj. Khal., ii. p. 243, Krafft's Cata¬

logue, p. 6, and the Leyden Catalogue, vol. i.p. 98.

IV. Poll. 73—106. ôS*? a treatiseon Persian prosody and poetical ornaments.

Author: Vahid Tabriz], yjjjjj 3Beg. \j 0*»^ ^5-?The author, whose full name was Vahid

ud-Din, wrote it for his brother's son. Henceit is designated in a Latin notice prefixed tothe MS. by Solomon Negri as Braserzadeh(ttyjdj)). Copies are mentioned in the Jahr-biicher, vol. 62, Anzeigeblatt, p. 11, and thecatalogues of St. Petersburg, p. 436, Vienna,vol. i. p. 206, Gotha, p. 14, and Munich,p. 120.

The author is not to be confounded with alater writer, Mauhmil Vahid Jo-lj Tabriz], aSufi and poet, for whom Shah 'Abbas II.entertained great regard, and who died in Is¬fahan A.H. 1080. See Riyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 497, and Hammer, Redekiinste, p. 380.

V. Poll. 108—138. A versified Arabic-Turkish vocabulary, without preface or title.

Beg. pte Jy> LiL^ £jj j^ yJ \ uiL»3! jo¬lt consists of twenty-two sections, each

on a different rhyme, and has no systematicarrangement of words. This is apparentlythe work of *Abd ul-Latif B. Pirishtah,known as wLly ^ or ^c-^ ally L-Alf.See the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 116, andKrafft's Catalogue, p. 7.

Harl. 5446.Poll. 45 ; 6£ in. by 4£ ; 14 and 11 lines,

written in Naskhi and Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century.

I. Poll. 1—15. An extract beginning,Cjli^-j*- j O^S*- (.^b

It treats of the magical or medicinal pro¬perties of certain parts of various animals.It also contains recipes for the keeping off ofinsects, and others relating to sexual inter¬course and parturition.

II. Poll. 16—45. An abridgment of theBook of Precious Stones, beginning, ^

Jt>\^ j\ tÛ^Â^*

It contains twelve chapters (Bab), treatingof the following stones: diamond, yak tit,

790 MANUSCRIPTS OF MIXED CONTENTS.

ruby, emerald, pearl, turquoise, bezoar, am¬ber, lapis lazuli, coral, cornelian, and jasper.The values are estimated in florins, ijj^i,and the European (EirangI) jewellers arefrequently referred to.

Harl. 5464.Eoll. 163 ; b\ in. by 4; 11 lines, If in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Rabi' II.,A.H. 1078 (A.D. 1667).

A volume of miscellaneous tracts ; see theArabic Catalogue, p. 83. The following arepartly Persian :

I. Eoll. 67—144. The Pand Namah of'Attar (see p. 579 with Turkish glosses.

II. Eoll. 146—163. A short Arabic treatiseon the conjugation of the Persian verb, withthe heading, alie^ 3 *s\fi\.

In the subscription it is designated asZx.^ ^Xsi^y This is the title of a Persiandictionary by Muhammad B. Pir 'All ul-Bir-gavi (who died AH. 981; see Haj. Khal.,vol. iv. p. 91), from which the above tract isprobably taken.

Harl. 5468.Foil. 103 ; 5 in. by 34; 0 lines, 2 j in.

long; written in coarse Naskhi; dated Rabi'II., A.H. 1069 (A.D. 1658).

A volume containing Arabic prayers, withPersian rubrics, and a short Shi'ah catechismentitled ^ J^, in Persian, foil. 74—85.See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 382.

Harl. 5490.Eoll. 371; 8 in. by 5|; about 17 lines;

written in Naskhi and Nestalik, about A.H.1076 (A.D. 1666).

A volume of miscellaneous tracts, mostlyTurkish. The following contain Persiantexts:—

T. Eoll. 19—120. The first part of a

Turkish commentary upon the Masjnavl (seep. 584 b), entitled, <-JjA\ *jy>\*>j

Beg. ^ s\J^,^\ j^-jl ^ ^*>\>The author, whose name does not appear,

was, according to Haj. Khal., vol. v. pp. 375,377, llusukh ud-Din Isma'il B. Ahmad ul-Ankuravi ul-Maulavi, known as Isma'il Da-dah, who died A.H. 1042.

The work is stated in the preface to havebeen compiled from two distinct commentariespreviously written by the author, entitled £li

and H was written bydesire of Sultan Murad B. Ahmad, and com¬pleted A.H. 1039.

The present fragment comprises the Arabicpreface, and the beginning of the poem, downto this line (Bulak edition, p. 10) :—

*y. l& /

<Sjj ^J^> ci^-i' 1*

II. Eoll. 197—213. Hundred sayings of'All, with a paraphrase in Persian quatrains,by Rashid ud-Din Vatvat (see p. 553 b), anda Turkish version in similar form.

III. Eoll. 214—220. Eorty sayings ofMuhammad (Hadi§), in Arabic, with a para¬phrase in Persian quatrains.

Beg. t/y U Ji3 j oliilb JUs^l Ui\

jS^* til-J;-i k^jj Cj*»£> CUJ> JU&\ J^>1

ji\Sb j \x* ^JS**-^ * c^>—*j e^3^£*> jb t&\j

Royal 16, B. xxi.Foil. 27; 94 in. by 10|. Miscellaneous

Oriental papers. The following are Persian :—I. Eoll. 6—12. An almanack for the

"year of the hen," Jj>_j t/yW, which beganon the 11th of Shavval, A.H. 1042 (March,1633), giving the positions of the planets foreach day.

II. Eol. 12. A slip of pink paper, with 1Clines in large Divani. A petition addressed

MANUSCRIPTS OF MIXED CONTENTS. 791

by three native servants of the East IndiaCompany at Surat, namely Chauth, Tulsldas,and Bcnldas, to the King of England (Pro¬tector Cromwell), asking compensation fordamages suffered during the Dutch war," signed by them, in the Gujratl character,dated Swally Marine, January 26th, 1655."

Lansdown 1245.Poll. 146 ; 9} in. by 5|; 25 and 16 lines;

written in the 17th and 18th centuries.[N. Brassey Halhed.]

I. Poll. 2—131. A horoscope of the birthof Shahjahan, with astronomical tables.

Author : Path Ullah B. 'Abd ur-Rahmiin

uz-Zubairl ul-Burujl, y**^ o.xs> ^ &\U^V^ iSjirij^

Beg. lijut \j ^liytMC jit J>\£x*> *U3, J>\fi*

The author, who wrote during the reign ofShahjahan, bases his calculation of the posi¬tion of the heavenly bodies at the emperor'sbirth on the statement of the contemporaryastrologers, avIio had fixed it at 12 Ghaiis and3 Pals of the night before Thursday, the 30thof Rabi' I., A.H. 1000.

II. Poll. 132—146. An almanack for the" year of the hare," u U&y, correspond¬ing to A.H. 1172-3 (A.D. 1759), written inBengal for Navvab Mir Muhammad Ja'farKhan.

Arundel Or. 8.Poll. 148; 8 in. by 5^ ; 14 and 15 lines,

3^ in. long; written in Naskhi, apparentlyin the 17th century.

I. Poll. 1—75. A collection of shorttracts relating to the rules and traditions ofthe religious order called Ahl i Putuvvat (seep. 44 a). They are in Turkish, with the ex¬ception of the last two, foil. 72—77, whichare Persian, and treat of the origin of the

felt-cloak and other garments of Baba Amr,a patron of the order.

II. Poll. 76—139. Preface and first partof the Divan of Hfifiz. Select pieces, mostlyof religious character, from the Divans of thefollowing poets :—Lisani (p. 656 Da*i Shl-rfizl (a disciple of Ni'mat Ullah Vali; he col¬lected his Divan A.H. 865. See the OudeCatalogue, p. 387, and Mir'at Jahannuma,fol. 347), Khusrau (p. 609 a), Sa'dl, Hafiz,Shams i Tabriz (p. 593 a), Khakani, Ahmadi Jam (p. 551 b), JamI, Asafi (p. 651 b),Kasim (p. 635 b), and Sabuhl (a Sufi, ofChaghatai extraction, who lived in Herat?and later in India. He died in Agra, A.H.972 or 973. See Badaonl, vol. iii. p. 257,Blochmann, Ain i Akbari, p. 582, and theOude Catalogue, pp. 43, 125).

The latter portion, foil. 132—139, is chieflytaken up by Turkish poems.

III. Poll. 140—148. A Turkish tract onthe Salman! order.

Egerton 695.Poll. 192 ; 9£ in. by 5. [Adam Clarke. |I. Poll. 1—90; 12 lines, 2£ in. long;

written in Nestalik, in the 18th century.

U)^The Divan of Agar.

Beg. ,Ji (J'^'*i\ i^jJ ij£>y+Ld jU liJUl jjy*.

Shafl'a, surnamed Agar, a native of Shlraz,who had lost his sight at the age of nineyears, lived in Isfahan in the time of SultanHusain (A.H. 1105—1135). He was con¬sidered the first poet of his time, andespecially excelled in satire. He died inL;lr, A.H. 1113, or, according to Siraj, OudeCatalogue, p. 149, A.H. 1124. See Riyai!ush-Shu'ara, fol. 53, Atashkadah, fol. 119,and the Oude Catalogue, pp. 138, 344.

Contents : Ghazals in alphabetical order,

fol. 1 b, Ruba is, fol. 80 b. Matali', or open¬ings, and fragments of Ghazals, in alpha¬betical order, foil. 85 b —90. Kasidahs, inpraise of Muhammad, 'AH, and the Imams,foil. 1 b —45 b, in the margins.

II. Poll. 91—192; 15 lines, 3f in. long;written in cursive Indian Nestalik.

^asLs &suh)

Letters of Shaikh Faizi (see p. 450 a),edited by Nur ud-Dln Muhammad.

Beg. \i$ ij&i\\tjdli\ Jjl l*The editor was the son of 'Ain ul-Mulk, a

physician of Shiraz, who had risen to highfavour with Akbar, and died in the 40th yearof the reign (A.H. 1003. See Badaoni,vol. ii. p. 403, and Blochmann, Ain i Akbari,p. 480). His mother was a sister of ShaikhFaizi and Shaikh Abu'l-Fazl. He says in hispreface that, while the poems of Paizi, asMarkaz i Advar and others, had been col¬lected and arranged by Shaikh Abulfazl, hisprose compositions had been neglected. Inorder to save them from oblivion, he madethe present collection in the year indicatedby the above title, i. e. A.H. 1035.

The work is divided, according to the pre¬face, into five Latifahs, three Mantukahs, anda Khfitimah. The first five sections containPaizi's letters to Akbar, fol. 97 a, to Shaikhsand 'Ulamfi, fol. 131 a, to physicians, fol.157 b, to Sayyids and Amirs, fol. 174 a, andto relatives, fol. 184 a. Paizi's preface tohis Divan is prefixed.

The remaining sections, which containedinvocations Ols-Vi* by Shaikh Abulfazl, let¬ters of Shaikh Abu'l-Khair (a brother ofPaizi), letters addressed to Paizi, and somecompositions of the editor, arc wanting inthis copy.

Egerton 707.Poll. 181; 7f in. by 5; 11 lines, 3| in.

long; written in plain Nestalik; dated Mu-harram, A.H. 1217 (A.D. 1802).

[Adam Clarke.]

I. Poll. 2—62. <SA~> the storyof two brothers, Sit and Basant, a Hindutale.

Beg. ^>)jj ^ j ^tfto

II. Poll. 63—137. isljiM a treatiseon the religious observances of the Hindus.

Beg. inj^ f J ^ o-'V 1It is stated to have been written for the

use of the Hindus in A.H. 1210, Fasli 1203,A.D. 1796, and comprises the following threeBubs :—1. Past days (Brat) throughout theHindu year, from Chait to Phagun, fol. 64 b.2. Cosmogony and origin of castes, fol. 114 b.3. Orders of Hindu devotees and their dis¬tinctive marks (Tilak), fol. 126 a.

III. Foil. 138—181. A tract beginning,<_«>V j, ^^ii* <~j>Xi£ ^\ ^j^kic, anddivided into four Babs, as follows:—1. Agesof the world, fol. 138 6. 2. The ten Avatars,fol. 149 a. 3. The seven planetary divinities,and their invocations, fol. 169 a. 4. Thetwelve solar mansions, fol. 179 a.

The last two tracts contain several SanskritSlokas in the Persian character.

Copyist: cii^-jls-The MS. was written for Mr. Henry

George Keene, whose name and seal arefound on the fly-leaf, with the date, March,1802.

Egerton 1004.Foil. 204; 10| in. by 6|; 18 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedRamazan, A.H. 1232 (A.D. 1817).

I. Poll. 4—57. Zafar Namah i 'Alamgiri,by 'Akil Khan (see pp. 265 a, and 699 a),wanting the introduction.

A table of the Timurides from Babar to


Shah 'Alam, and a list of the children of Shah-jah&n and Aurangzib, arc prefixed, fol. 3.

II. Foil. 57—70. Extract from the Shahjahan-Namah (i.e. \Amal i Salih, see p. 263 a),relating to the capture of Data Shikuh, andthe death of Shahjahan (corresponding toAdd. 20,221, foil. 069—078). Letter of Shah¬jahan to Kutb ul-Mulk (the king of Gol-conda), enjoining him to put down offen¬sive Shi'ah practices; the latter's answer,dated Zulhijjah, A.H. 1045. Letter of 'AdilKhan, of Bijapfir, to Shabjahan, and the lat¬ter's letter to 'Adil Khan, dated the 23rd ofZulhijjah, A.H. 1045 (see 'Amal i Salih, foil.373—375), fol. 60.

III. Poll. 70—114. Extract from theKhizanah i 'Amirah (see p. 373 a), com¬prising the lives of Nizam ul-Mulk Asaf Jahand his children, Burhan ul-Mulk Sa'adatKhan, Safdar Jaug, Shuja* ud-Daulah andShah 'Alam, Ahmad Shah Durrani, andIshsik Khan Mdtaman ud-Daulah (corre¬sponding to Or. 232, foil. 25—98).

IV. Poll. 115—125. Letter of NadirShah to his son Riza Kuli Mirzii, announcinghis victory in India. Letter of Shah 'Abbas I.to Jahangir, relating to his capture of Kan¬dahar (A.H. 1031, see 'Alam-arai, fol. 380),and the latter's answer, fol. 120 a. Letter ofAurangzib, on his march upon Kandahar, tohis father, Shahjahan (A.H. 1062), fol. 121.Letters of Shuja' iid-Daulah to Najib Khanand Shah 'Alam, fol. 122 a.

V. Foil. 120—135. Five letters, t-*3jby Maulana, Zubun (see p. 742 a, v.).

Some Ghazals by the same author arewritten in the margins from fol. 115 to 122.

VI. Poll. 135—204. Letters of RajahLachhmT-Narayan, Munshi, ^j^J oUij

edited by Muhammad Faizbakhsh B.Ghulam Sarvar, of Kakuri (sec p. 309 b).

vol. II.

Beg. jjl^jjj \js^j>~ JUL* ^jCl s: ^~jt'^U-j 1

From a memoir of the author's life, pre¬fixed by the editor, we learn that he descendedfrom a Lahore family settled in Dehli, thathis father's name was llai Mani Ram, andthat he was a pupil of Siraj ud-Din 'Ali KhanArzu (sec p. 501 b). Having been drivenfrom Dehli by the invasion of Ahmad ShahDurrani, Lachhmi-Narayan stayed some timein Aurangabiid and Bareli, and settled inLucknow, where he found a protector in ShahMadan. After his patron's imprisonment byShah Shuja', he obtained, on the recom¬mendation of Akhund Ahmad 'Ali, employ¬ment under Navvab Muhammad Javfdiir 'AliKhan, Nazir of Faizabad (see p. 309 b), andspent there seven years, in constant inter¬course with the writer of this notice. Hethen passed into the service of Asaf ud-Dau¬lah in Lucknow; but subsequently returnedto Faizabad, where his mind became deranged.Three years later, the editor obtained posses¬sion of his papers, and compiled the presentcollection, which he completed A.H. 1205.

The dates of the letters range from A.H.1183 to 1195. Some are mere rhetoricalexercises addressed to the author's pupil,Shaikh Bakir 'Ali, sister's son to AkhundAhmad 'Ali; others are written in the nameof Navvab Javahir 'Ali, Akhund Ahmad 'Ali,and Balui Bcgam, to the successor of GovernorHastings (Sir John Macpherson), Shah 'Alain,Asaf ud-Daulah, and others, while a few ai raddressed by the author in his own name tothe editor.

A tabulated index of the contents is givenon fol. 125 b. The work has been litho¬graphed in Lucknow, A.II. 1265.

Egerton 1008.Foil. 107; 8| in. by 5f; 13 lines, 3| in.

long; written in plain Nestalik, apparentlyin India, early in the 18th century.

3 A

I. Eoll. 1—69. tiji-, a treatise on sexualintercourse.

Author: Murtaza Kull Shamlu, {m j»jUfc ji

Beg. {j^>- (_>«^"» j 1=>U-j ^jMtSd^j ili\ {j\^ u*Murtaza Kuli Khan, son of Hasan Khim

Shamlu, governor of Khorasan (see p. 682 a),stood in high favour with Shah Sulaiman(A.n. 1077—1105), who appointed him tothe office of sword-hearer, Sbj> j^Lj*, and tothe government of Kum. He is describedas a poet of taste, and an elegant Shikastah-writcr. See Tahir Nasirabadi, fol. 32, Riyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 437, and Atashkadah, fol. 11.

This work, written in a highly artificialand ornate style, is dedicated to the Shah(probably Shah Sulaiman). It is dividedinto thirty sections, which, in conformity withits title Khirkah, or " patched cloak," aretermed " patches." Two copies are de¬scribed in Krafft's Catalogue, p. 81, No. 232>and p. 151.

II. Eoll. 70—74. A short Arabic-Hindu¬stani dictionary of drugs.

III. Foil. 75—167. r \ a treatise onpurgatives considered in connection with theage and temperament of the patients, theseason of the year, and other conditions.

Author: Aman Ullah, entitled Khanah-Zad Khan Firuz Jang B. Mahabat Khan Si-pahsalar B. Ghayur Beg, wU: t^kli.* &\ U U<-k-t)7lf- (t)i L&?-j }jJ jlj(see p. 509 b).

Beg. ^LaLi eLJ j\ J, ^y, a^^b W UThe work, which is dedicated to Jahangir,

was written in A.H. 1036. It is divided intoa Mukaddimah and six Babs, comprisingsixty-three Fasls.

Egerton 1009.Foil. 218; 8f in.by4f; 15 lines, 3£ in.


A miscellaneous volume, containing,—I. A collection of medical prescriptions,without any preamble, or methodical arrange¬ment, fol. 2. II. Extracts relating to com¬pound medicaments, in Persian and Arabic,fol. 74 b. III. Descriptions of compoundmedicaments, alphabetically arranged, foil.107 5—215 b.

At the end of this last section are found

the words, ^Aij^J) ^.jJ\ <--^ ^.aW" J^ 5which leave it uncertain whether Najib ud-Din us-Samarkand! is named as the authorof the treatise, or of the last prescriptiononly.

The volume is endorsed ^jjJIjju* ^jSL}]/i_ja~l>,but in the text Sa'd ud-Dln Tabib isonly quoted as the author of an observationon the use of naphtha, with which the bookbegins.

Egerton 1024.Foil. 163 ; 11 in. by 7|; 18 lines, 4| in.

long; written in cursive Indian Nestalik;dated Zulhijjah, A.H. 1229 (A.D. 1814).

Prose works of Mlrzfi Katll (see p. 64 b),as follows :—

I. Foil. 2—20. Letters written from thecourt of Fath 'Ali Shah to the author'spatron in India.

Beg. &\j u,UaL» ^

These letters deal less with public eventsthan with personal and familiar incidents,or what may be termed the " chroniquescandaleuse" of the residence. Their ap¬proximate date may be inferred from theirincluding, fol. 7, a contemporary record ofthe capture and blinding of Zaman Shah, theAfghan ruler of Kandahar, by his brotherMahmud Shah, an event of A.H. 1217. SeeBrydges, Dynasty of the Kajars, p. 159. The

title tir » 9 . tjjc îlS iJl^ is written by a laterhand on the first page.

A larger and later collection of Mirza Ka-til's letters, compiled A.H. 1232 by his pupilImam ud-Din, has been lithographed inLucknow, A.H. 1259-60, under the title ofJ^' iu** ^-J ^'j u.ijjM i>jô!\ yJoM, and re¬printed in Cawnpore, A.H. 1264.

II. Poll. 21—34. ij^*, a treatiseon the niceties of Persian grammar andidioms.

Beg- \Ju> <J*y^j\ ij>$S ^ âiThis work, written at the request of Say-

yid Aman 'All, from whose name the titleis derived, was composed, as appears fromthe preface of art. iv., in A.H. 1206. It isdivided into six " branches " (*/), subdividedinto " fruits " (^S).

Contents: 1. The three classes of words.2. Ellipses of particles. 3. Compounds,<-*^J>. 4. Peculiarities of the Persian ofIran, Turan, and India. 5. Elegance of dic¬tion.

The Shajarat ul-Amani has been litho¬graphed in Lucknow, 1841.

III. Foil. 35—70. Nahr ul-Fasaliat (seep. 520 b).

IV. Foil. 71—131. saeÂ ,y, anothertreatise on Persian composition.

Beg. goi w bj J^ tJ oysfKatil wrote it on his return from Kalpi

to Lucknow, after an absence of two yearsand a half, in A.H. 1217, at the request ofMir Muhammad, the younger son of MirA man 'Ali. It is divided, as its name im¬plies, into four Sharbats, variously subdivided,on the following subjects : 1. Persian pro¬sody and rhyme. 2. Modern idioms andfigurative phrases. 3. Elegant expressions,faulty phrases used in India, and models ofepistolary composition. 4. Short vocabularyand grammar of the Turk! language (the

Persian equivalents are frequently writtenin numerical figures).

The Chahar Sharbat has been lithographedin Lucknow, A.H. 1268.

V. Poll. 132—163. A treatise on Arabicgrammar, without title or preface.

Beg. j\ pjf \~>j* ji> ^Ja'A ^> s£ &>^> iJj?<—)f

It contains the conjugation of the verb andits secondary forms, a classed vocabulary ofnouns, and a sketch of the syntax. In thesubscription the treatise is called yj-Jând ascribed to Mirza Katll.

Egerton 1028.Poll. 87; 8 in. by 4£; about 17 lines, 34,

in. long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia, in the latter half of the 18th century.

I. Foil. 2—34. Inshai Harkarn. Seep. 530 a.

II. Foil. 35—52. A tract on the atoningefficacy of worship at the Siva shrines ofBenares, translated from a Sanskrit originalentitled Panchakrosi, ^J^n/fa, by KishanSingh, poetically surnamed Nashat, son ofRai Pran Nath, Khatri of the Mangal tribe,an inhabitant of Siyalkut, &> (jd^* ^{cu^JL-* yit«» tjjx^ joli Jlji sij Islii

Beg. u\fcr> dîSj j u^.^-> j ^bb ^ .jrUS j

The Panchakrosa is a portion of the Kasi-Mahatmya; see Aufrecht, Bodleian Cata¬logue, p. 28.

III. Foil. 53—57. lABll a shortnarrative in ornate prose, written in imita¬tion of the Shash-Jihat and the Bada'i 5ul-Jamal of Divan Rup-Narayan Sahib.

Author: the same Kishan Singh.

Beg. îbo &y*£ to j\ & lj Jit y\)J i/jL* îtf*The work was written, as stated at the

end, in A.H. 1157.3 a 2

790 MANUSCRIPTS OP MIXED CONTENTS.

IV. Poll. 58—86. jijbft *V> the storyof Naskit uua£J.3 , son of the devoteeUdalik, i-Ll)^, and of his visit to the realmof Yama, apparently translated froma Sanskrit original.

Beg. o>jU*J \j c-;J,f ^VL-b ^1

Add. 5622.Poll. 285; 8£ in. hy 5£ ; 14 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia, in the 18th century,

[N. Brassey Halhed.]

I. Poll. 1—38. l-JjISM u>~)j, satiricalsketches of some contemporaries, by Ni'matKhan *Ali (seep. 268 4).

Beg. \J»S$ <j%a <6 \t<jl/\The names of the objects of the author's

satire are disguised under various riddles.II. Poll. 39—99. Journal of the siege of

Haidartibad, by the same (see p. 268 a).III. Poll. 100—117. Husn u 'Ishk, by

the same (see p. 703 b).

IV. Poll. 117—121. A letter beginning,

^VImJjO <j\\y* jjuu- pji^s-, apparently by thesame.

V. Poll. 121—130. Three short prosepieces, entitled &^-» 3 ^L»- ijn>\s^t L_i!j s^Û*,

j, and ^Sî- by Aka. Abul-Kasim.

VI. Poll. 130—133. A letter written byTahir Nasirabadi (see p. 368 b), in answer tothe Uzbak ambassador.

VII. Poll. 133—137. Short pieces in proseand verse, by Mir Sayyid 'All Mihri, headed

cj>t* <y ******di-^jZ

Mir Sayyid 'Ali, whose father Sayyid Mu-sa'id was a native of Jabal 'Amil, was bornin Isfahan, and held the office of Malik ush-Shu'ara under Shah Sultan Husain (A.H.

1105—1135). He died in that Shah's reign,leaving about six thousand lines of poetry.See Riyaz ush-Slm'ara, fol. 440, and Khu-hisat ul-Afkar, fol. 277.

VIII. Poll. 137—145. j£ j U?, "Pateand Destiny," a Magnavi by MuhammadKuli Salim (seep. 738 a).

Beg. (j£y j\ ^jjj p±ijJZ>See the Oude Catalogue, p. 556, Khulasat

ul-Afkar, fol. 122, the Munich Catalogue,p. 4, and Bland, Earliest Persian Biograpby,p. 163.

A Masnavi of the same name, by Mir 'AllRiza Tajalli, has been lithographed in thepress of Gulzar i Hind, A. II. 1283.

IX. Poll. 145—159. Short pieces bythe three following poets : 1. Navvab Rus-tam Jang Makhmur (Murshid Kuli Khan,of Siirat. He lived at the court of Asafjab,who died A.H. 1161, and survived him buta few years; see the Oude Catalogue, p. 194).2. Murtaza Kuli Beg Vala (a native of Iran,who entered the service of Sarbuland Kban,and, after that Amir's death, A.H. 1090,went to Bengal, where he died; see Riyiizush-Shu'ara, fol. 500). 3. Tughra, (secp. 742 a).

X. Poll. 160—164. Letters and shortprose pieces by Ni'mat Kban l Ali.

XI. Poll. 165—172. Some poetical piecesby the same.

XII. Poll. 172 4—285. A Masnavi con¬taining short moral tales and anecdotes, pro¬bably by the same Ni'mat Khan.

Beg. e^s«»jj! j» j& j

C^**>_y* j j\ Jîi «aia- ^-Jb jjj

Add. 5629.Poll. 297 ; 91 in. by 6; about 18 lines, 3|

in. long; written in cursive Nestalik ; dated'Azimabad, A.H. 1153-8 (A.D. 1740-5).

[N. Brassey Hauied.]

MANUSCRIPTS OF MIXED CONTEXTS. 797

I. Foil. 1—14. Arabic verses of the Divan,of Hafiz, with interlinear Persian version.Exposition of the spiritual meaning attachedto the names of material objects, and glossaryof some rare words occurring in the Divan.Commentary on some difficult verses of thesame Divan. The title given in the subscrip¬tion is laiU. tili*/

II. Poll. 18—28. A versified Persian-Hindustani vocabulary, divided, according tosubjects, into twenty sections.

Beg. ^ â*- *U\ j.—^yl,I »j ^ Li u l£ D

It was completed, as stated in the last line,in A.H. 990. Three additional sections atthe end are stated to be due to another author.The title in the subscription is Û-j-a J_>jiu.

III. Poll. 31—33. Khalik Bari. Seep. 51G b.

IV. Poll. 34—41. A tract on archery,called in the subscription 3 £

Beg. JU>-\±>\Ji ^ ±*> U\V. Poll. 41—45. Hindustani verses.

VI. Poll. 40—50. Two series of Ghazals,consisting of one Ghazal for each letter of thealphabet. In the first the takhallus is <c-£y,in the second *j>s?.

A Divan of Pirishtah, called from its firstwords Ma Mukiman, is noticed in the Mac¬kenzie Collection, ii. p. 142, CopenhagenCatalogue, p. 43, and the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 397. See the Oude Catalogue,p. 83.

VII. Poll. 54—63. An alphabetical voca¬bulary of Persian verbs, conjugated throughall tenses, with the Hindustani equivalents.

Beg- (j^j/^-i e>* 'H/ JîT jjjw/l

VIII. Poll. 64—70. J3fj 'ijy », the Surahof David put into Arabic verse by Ibn Ab¬

bas (see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 312,art. 34), with a paraphrase in Persian verse,and a poetical prologue by Nakl, 0 aJ.

Beg. lali»i>b J\ (_jjljj> ^ (Û-j

syli jl *j£=>

IX. Poll. 71—101. Jami' ul-Kavanin.See p. 414 b.

X. Poll. 102—143. Inshai Harkarn. Seep. 530 a.

XI. Poll. 144—192. U.its)\ £\±> uiUî, aglossary to Inshai Yusufi. See p. 529 a.

XII. Poll. 193—294. BadaT ul-Insha(see p. 529 a), with interlinear glosses.

Add. 5660, F.Poll. 28; 15^ in. by 10^; a volume of mis¬

cellaneous contents. The following are Per¬sian :—Three poems on the wickedness andwretched end of Nand Kumar, foil. 25, 26.Invocations to Muhammad and 'Ali, writtenso as to form the outline of two horses, fol. 27.The words gUi (J*, in ornamentalletters, fol. 28.

Add. 6541.Poll. 156; 12 in. by 7£; 19 lines, 4& in.

long; written in Nestalik ; dated Masuli-patan, A.H. 1197 (A.D. 1783).

[Jamks Grant.]

I. Poll. 9—127. Lubb ut-Tavarikh. Seep. 104 a.

A very full table of reigns occupies foil.2—8.

II. Poll. 128—156. A part of Rauzatut-Tahirin (see p. 119 b), viz., the preface,table of contents, and the first five pages ofKism L

i


Add. 6587.Poll. 216 ; llf in. by 7|; from 17 to 20

lines, about 5 in. long; written by differentbands in Shikastah-amiz ; dated Shavval,A.H. 1197 (A.D. 1783). [James Grant.]

I. Poll. 3—29. Malfiizat i Amir Timur(see p. 177 6), viz.: 1. the Institutes, im¬perfect at the end ("White's edition, pp. 156—390), fol. 3 b. 2. Extracts from the Designsand Enterprises, fol. 22 a. 3. Continuationof the Institutes (Add. 26,191, foil. 326-317)abridged, foil. 23 b— 29 b.

II. Poll. 20—27. Extracts from theMuntakhab ul-Lubiib (see p. 232 b), relatingto Todarmal, to Murshid Kull Khan, to thereforms effected by Aurangzib in the col¬lection of the revenue, etc.

III. Poll. 38—45. History of the Os-manli Sultans (from Mir'at us-Safii; seep. 129 a).

IV. Poll. 46—90. The first portion ofthe Khizanah i 'Amirah (see p. 373 a), endingwith the notice on Ahmad Shah Durrani.

V. Poll. 91—96. History of Malabar(from the Tarikh i Mamalik i Hind, byGhulam Biisit; see p. 237 a).

YI. Foil. 96—104. Account of KuchBahar, and Assam, with a detailed narrativeof the campaign of Khankhanan MuhammadMu'azzam Khan; see p. 266 a.

VII. Poll. 105—108. Account of Gond-wanah, and of Tibet, from the Akbar Namah.

VIII. Poll. 109, 110. Account of Kash¬mir, and of Bijapiir, from the Ikbfd-Namahof Mu'tamad Khan (see p. 255 a).

IX. Poll. Ill, 112. Account of Bag-lanah, from the Ma'agir ul-Umara, and ofMfilvah, from the Ikbal-Namah.

X. Poll. 113—119. History of the kingsof Bengal and Jaunpur (from the work ofGhulam Basit; see p. 237 «).

XL Poll. 120—125. Biographical no¬tices on Muhammad Khan Bangash and hissons, on Sayyid SaVidat Khan Burhan ul-Mulk and his successors, on 'All MuhammadKhan Rohillah, Najib ud-Daulah, MirzaNajafKhan, Ja'far Khan Nasiri, afterwards Mur¬shid Kull Khan, and his successors in Ben¬gal, and on some other amirs. Account ofthe Marattahs, Sikhs, Jats, and the English.The author, whose name does not appear,wrote about A.H. 1200, as a decided partisanof the British rule.

XII. Poll. 126—133. Chronological sketchof the Hindu and Muslim kings of Dehli,w a*L-* j a^j* ^Lj^-j aJ.~A«>, from Judishtirto the accession of Muhammad Shah, A.H.1131; followed by a tabulated list of reigns.

XIII. Poll. 133—142. Tables of thedynasties of India, from the Hindu period tothe sixth year of Parrukhsiyar (A.H. 1129),from the Dastur ul-'Amal of Had! 'AH Khun.

XIV. Poll. 143—159. Tables of theprincipal dynasties of the East, from theearly kings of Persia to the time of KarimKhan Zand.

The length of the several reigns is given inparallel columns according to Hamzah Isfa-hani, and other authorities, the latest ofwhich are Habib us-Siyar, Lubb ut-tavarikh,Rauzat ut-Tahirin (p. 119 6), and Miratus-Safa (p. 129 a).

XV. Poll. 160—184. History of theSafavis from the Mir'at us-Safa.

XVI. Poll. 185—216. History of Persiafrom the death of Shah Sultan Husain to thedeath of Karim Khan Zand, A.H. 1193, byRazi ud-Din Tafrishi, ^jOj

Beg. \j {Ji^\ iiJJU> (juU-j j j^o--tf

The author states in a short preamblethat he had not at hand any record of thatperiod, nor had he been a witness of the

MANUSCRIPTS OP MIXED CONTENTS. 799

events recorded, but he had compiled thisaccount from the information of trustworthypersons.

He begins his narrative with the invasionof Mahmud Shah and the proclamation ofShah Tahmiisp in Kazvin, in the month ofMuharram, A.H. 1135.

A table of contents, foil. 1 a —2 b, isprefixed to the volume.

Add. 6588.Poll. 94; Of in. by G; 12 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the latter partof the 18th century. [James Grant.]

I. Poll. 1—5. Extracts from the Mun-takhab ut-Tavarikh (p. 222 b), and theAkbar Nilmah, relating to some adminis¬trative changes introduced by Akbar, A.H.982, 937 and 990.

II. Poll. 6—15. Chronology of the Timu-rides from Timur to Shah 'Alam's accessionin Dehli, A.H. 1185.—Obituary notices,relating mostly to Indian saints.—Enume¬ration of Hindu and Muslim sciences.

III. Poll. 15—47. J-«NAn official manual, containing rules of con¬duct for civil servants, a statistical accountof the Subahs, and the titulaturc of princesand dignitaries.

Beg. J»\§\J6 JvJIjyL-.i jblijall L-f^jyJL**

The work was written in the reign ofAurangzib.

IV. Poll. 47—63. Moral sayings ofShahjahan, recorded by Aurangzib. Lastdirections of Aurangzib, and some of hisfamiliar letters (shukkah).

V. Poll. 64—94. J^J\ Lo^, a treatiseon arithmetical notations, and the keepingof public accounts.

Beg. J^.- 1 j&=>\ :>L*!\ Ji>-\&j\&> i_ijij

The author, who does not give his name,

states that he had written this work in the47th year of 'Alamgir's reign, A.II. 1115.

II. Poll. 102—241. The Memoirs ofBabar, translated from the Turki by MirzaPayandah Hasan Ghaznavi and MuhammadKuli Muabul Hisarl.

• O i •

Beg. JoUi j^—* j j?.^ 'r^i/ji^ jfThis translation is earlier than the better

known version of Mirza \Abd ur-Rahim (seep. 244 a). It differs from it in wording,sometimes in meaning, and does not on thewhole keep so close to the text. It has,however, the same abrupt breaks in the nar¬rative. There are, besides, some gaps in thepresent copy.

In a preface, which the continuator, Mu¬hammad Kuli, has prefixed to his partof the work, fol. 147, he states that aportion of the Memoirs had been translatedin Babar's time by Shaikh Zain (see Or.1999), and that in the reign of Akbar, A.H.994, Bihruz Khan, "now" entitled NaurangKhan, son of " the late " Kutb ud-Din Mu¬hammad Khan Bahadur Beg Atalik Bcglar-begi, being but imperfectly acquainted withTurkI, desired to procure a plain and faithfulPersian version of a work, which every de¬voted servant of the dynasty was bound toknow. Pursuant to his commands Mirza Pa¬yandah Hasan Ghaznavi translated the firstsix years and a portion of the seventh. Thewriter, who had grown up in the service ofHis Highness, was then ordered to translatethe remaining portion of the work, beginningwith the latter part of A.H. 900, and endingwith A.H. 935 (tic).

Naurang Khan was the son of Kutb ud-Din Khan Atgah, avIio had been appointedAtalik, or governor, to prince Salim (Jahan-gir) with the title of Beglarbegi, and diedA.H. 991. He served with distinction inseveral campaigns under Akbar, and died asgovernor of Jiinagarh in the 39th year of thereign (A.H. 1002). See Ma'a§ir ul-Umara,


fol. 411, Tazkirat ul-Umarfi, fol. 101, andBlochmann, Ain i Akbari, p. 333.

Contents : Eirst part of the Memoirs, fromthe beginning, A.H. 899, to the flight of Bfi-bar to Samarkand after his defeat by Shai-banl Khan, in the month of Shavviil, A.H.906 (Erskine's translation, pp. 1—94), fol.102. Preface of Muhammad Kuli, fol. 147 b.Continuation of the Memoirs down to Ba-bar's arrest in Karnan (Erskine, pp. 94—122), fol. 148 a. Second part of the Me¬moirs, from A.II. 910 to 914 (Erskine,pp. 127—235), fol. 160 b. The year 926 (Er¬skine, pp. 281—284), fol. 205 b. The year925, from the beginning to the 8th of Sha'-ban (Erskine, pp. 246—272), fol. 207 b.The year 933, from the beginning to the 14thof Jumada I. (Erskine, pp. 343—353), fol.219 b. The year 935, from the beginning tothe 1st of Shavval (Erskine, pp. 382—422),fol. 224 a—241.

Add. 6590.Foil. 241; \1\ in. by 7f ; 24 lines, 5| in.

long; written in Nestalik ; dated Jumada I.,A.H. 1203 (A.D. 1789). [James Grant.]

I. Poll. 4—101. Malfuzat i Amir Timur(see p. 177 b), containing:—the preface ofAbu Talib. The Memoirs, from the beginningto the account of Timur's attack upon UrusKhan, foil. 4 b —81 a (i.e. a little more thanthe portion translated by Stewart, whichends on fol. 79 b). The Institutes, imper¬fect in the end (White's edition, pp. 156—360;, fol. 81. The Designs and Enterprises,imperfect at the beginning (White's edition,pp. 116—152), fol. 95. The continuation ofthe Institutes, imperfect at the end, and de¬fective in the body of the work (correspond¬ing to Add. 26,191, foil. 326—337), fol. 98.

II. Eoll. 102 6—241. OUfy, theMemoirs of Babar (see p. 244 a).

The first two parts begin on foil. 102 b and1G0 b. Of the third and fourth there are

only the following fragments:—A.H. 926(Translation, pp. 281—284), fol. 205 b.A.H. 925 (Translation, pp. 246—272), fol.207 b. A.H. 933 (Translation, pp. 343—353), fol. 219 b. A.H. 935 (Translation,pp. 382—422), fol. 224 a.

A table of contents, including both works,occupies foil. 1—3.

Add. 6591.Poll. 136; 6f in. by 4; 14 lines, 2* in.

long; written in Nestalik, with seven Tin-vans, and gold-ruled margins; dated Rama-zan, A.H. 884 (A.D. 1480).

[James Grant.]

I. Foil. 1—18. r U J'j, the bookof divination ascribed to Imam JaTar Sadik.

Beg. UJjo- iJLoliJ j~vO fj}} .. . aJJ ^ss^

*~4/?jIt is stated in the preamble that this Pal,

or ZamTrjj^>6, on which Imam Ja'far hadspent fifty years, was kept as a great treasureby the Khalifs, and that Sultan Mahmud,who had received it from them, kept it byhim for constant use. It contains in tabu¬lar form Coranic verses, with the answerswhich they are supposed to give to variousquestions.

II. Poll. 19—90. A medical treatise onthe means of guarding against injuries, aJUu,Ijjj-a* j*, purporting to have been trans¬lated, with additions, from the Arabic of AbuAli B. Sina.

Beg. \j jm»T u Jo i^C^s^^ (â^ÛLîlThe translator, whose name does not ap¬

pear, dedicates the work to Amir Jamal ud-Daulah vad-Dln Husain Tarkhan.

III. Poll. 91—93. A short extract fromthe Zakhirah (see p. 466 b), on prognos¬tics or premonitory symptoms,

IV. Foil. 94—109. (.jlaic Ji-J.*, a manualof astrology, in Masnavi rhyme.

Beg. jJio b! y*f* lib ,yijjio ^ L>

The author, whose name does not appear,concludes his prologue with a short eulogyon Jamal ud-Dln Abu Mahamid MuhammadB. Ahmad.

A versified astrological treatise by Muba¬rak ij'&jG-, or (jsj^, is mentioned by Haj.Khal. under Ji-J** ; see vol. v. p. 472, andAdd. 7446, fol. 436.

V. Foil. 110—121. J*j J^J*, a versifiedmanual of geomancy, without preface orauthor's name.

Beg. <J^JU&! J&> *-> j ijitj^-jLJ>^ y. (jliib

VI. Foil. 122—125. J\ V ~J~ jx+^, a bookof divination in verse, ascribed to Buzurjmihr

jx^rjj9.

VII. Foil. 126—136. A short treatise onthe good and evil effects of wine, y j*t£-f^»K*>>i\ (j-ia-^Li* j jiU*, in four Fasls, with¬out author's name.

Beg. tlM*»h/*» \j (J6U»jb (jjUS^-^ij o-^j ^^»-

Add. 6601.Foil. 116; 8J in. by 5; from 13 to 17

lines; written in Nestalik andShikastah-amiz.The first part is dated in the 8th year of Shah•Alain (A.H. 1180, A.D. 1766).

[Jambs Grant.]I. Foil. 1—42. Familiar letters of Au-

rangzib, oU*,. The collection be¬gins with a preamble in which the designa¬tions of the princes and amirs are explained,and in which reference is made to Farrukh-siyar, probably the reigning emperor at thetime of compilation.

The contents, which are in part identicalwith those of the Dastur ul-Amal Agahi (see

VOL. II.

p. 402 a), are as follows:—Seven letters toprince Mu'azzam Shah 'Alam Bahadur.Seventy to prince Muhammad A'zatn. Oneto prince Muhammad Akbar. One to Kam-bakhsh. Two to Mu'izz ud-Din. Four to'Azim ud-Din. Twenty-five to Bidarbakht.One to Shayistah Khan. Twenty-two toAsad Khan. Four to Ghazi ud-Din Khan.Four to Zulfakar Khan. Four to Chin Ki-lich Khan. One to 'Akil Khan. Sc?en toSadr ud-Din Muhammad Khan. Five toMuhammad Amin Khan. One to Lutf UllahKhan. Two to Hamid ud-Din Khan. Four¬teen to 'Inayat Ullah Khan.

The collection printed in Lucknow, A.H.1260, under the title j*^\s- oUJj, containsletters addressed to the same persons, butgenerally much shorter. See p. 401 b.

II. Foil. 43—62. An account of the Ma-rattah Peshvas, from the appointment ofBiiji Rao to that office by Rajah Sahu to thenegotiations carried on by Raghunath withColonel Upton in Purandhar, A.D. 1776.

BCg. jlj % j]j y ^U j~> } \j jl>*\*III. Foil. 63—116. Tabulated notices re¬

lating to the principal inhabitants of Suratand Bombay in A.H. 1189, to the distancesbetween the chief towns of India, fol. 64, tothe measurements of Taj Mahall, fol. 67, andto the Siibahs of India under Akbar andFarrukhsiyar, fol. 109.

Add. 6603.Foil. 103; 8± in. by 5}; from 13 to 16

lines ; written by various hands in Shikastah-amlz and Nestalik, about the close of the18th century. [J. F. Hull.]

I. Foil. 1—27. An account of the Ma-rattah empire, compiled A.H. 1197, withoutpreface or author's name.

Beg. ^J-J** ftL-jj-^-j j&L* tka.\j\^t<SsJli\3

3 B

Contents: Notice on the great offices ofthe court, viz. Pirti-Nidhi, Pandit Pardhan,Sipahsfiliir, Pharnavls, Mantri, etc., and onthe men who held them from the time ofSivaji to the date of composition, fol. 1 a.Account of the towns, forts, and parganahsof the provinces of Punah and Satarah, fol.4 a. A short history of the Marattahs fromtheir origin to A.H. 1197, with detachednotices on the leading families and chiefs, viz.the Bhonslahs, the Rajahs of Satarah, RanojiSlndhiyah, Mahadaji Holkar, Damanji Gaik-war, Gobind Rao Bondelah, Raghoji Bhons-lah, Jadu, etc., fol. 10 b.

II. Poll. 28-39. ^ jsx* mV J!Hj^ljj, a history of Haidar 'AIT Khan, of Mai-sur, from his birth to A.H. 1196.

Peg. Jk/ ^Zmx+p j\ c*~J\y J i/\3 ^ yT

The author, whose name does not appear,remarks, in a short preamble, that Haidar'All was the only man in India who hadshown himself able to cope with the Englishpower. He traces the origin of his family toKuhir, j%^> a town twenty-eight Kos west ofHaidarabad, in which his forefathers held theoffice of Kazi from the time of Sultan 'AbdUllah. His grandsire Dust Muhammadsettled in Kolar, district of Sura, province ofArcot, where he married the daughter of anoble Sayyid, and had a son called Mir PathAll, afterwards Path Naik, the father ofHaidar "All. The latter is said to have beenborn A.H. 1131.

At the end the author states that, at the dateof writing, namely on the 29th of Zulka'dah,A.H. 1196, the chances of war were still un¬decided. But the death of Haidar All onthe first of Muharram, A.H. 1197, is brieflyrecorded in a subsequent addition.

III. Poll. 40—84. An alphabetical glos¬sary of the technical terms used in the col¬lection of revenue, compiled for the use of

English officials by Khwajah Yixsin, of Dab a,l&i> i^s***^ *5r^}^

Beg. df*> ^ liUc- i/jjj <y<c*^<IV. Poll. 85—103. Tables of the revenue

of the Subahs of Iran and Hindustan, and of« *the distances between the principal places ofIndia.

Add. 6631.Poll. 123; 8| in. by 4|; 12 lines, 3 in.

long; written in large Nestalik; dated Ah-mad-abad, Zulhijjah, A.H. 1138 (A.D. 1726).

[J. P. Hull.]

I. Poll. 1—95. fo\ a Sufi poem byHashimi, t_5*I»l«>.

Beg. er*^' d\ p-jI^,aS ^

Mir Hashimi Kirmani, surnamed Shah Ja¬il angir, who was said to descend from twogreat saints, viz., on his father's side, fromShah Kasim Anvar, and, through his mother,from Shah Ni'mat Ullah Vali, is described asthe most eminent Sufi of his time. He wentfrom his native Khorasan to Sind in the earlypart of the reign of Mirza Shah Hasan Ar-ghun and stayed some years at the courtof that prince, who gave him the greatestmarks of favour. He set out for the Hijazin A.H. 946, and was slain on the way bybrigands near a place designated as Kij Muk-ran, J^C* See 'AH Shir Kani', Add.25,189, fol. 525. In the Nafa'is, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 55, A.H. 948 is given as the date ofhis death. Compare Haft Iklim, fol. 121,Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 520, Atashkadah,fol. 68, Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 420,and Haft Asman, pp. 90—99.

Shah Hasan (as he is called in the presentpoem), son of Shah Beg, reigned, accordingto 'AH Shir, fol. 269, from A.H. 928 to 962.Pirishtah, who calls him Shah Ilusain, saysthat he died A.H. 962, after a reign of thirty-

two years. See the Bombay edition, vol. ii.p. 621.

In a prologue of considerable extent thepoet pays a tribute of praise to his predeces¬sors and models, Nizfuni, Amir Khusrau, andJarrri, authors of the Makhzan ul-Asriir,Matla' ul-Anvar, and Tuhfat ul-Ahrar, andsays that two generations (karn, i.e. sixtyyears) after the last of them the key of speechhad been given to him by divine love:—

ji ^} jO ^

ib y+i

He concludes with a dedication to ShahHasan,

iyirf*» 3S~*~ nr-* »^tir ->- LJLvJ <iUl

and adds that this poem is the first of aKhamsah:

£* J** *j &£ £i } *jf

It is stated at the end that it was completedin Tattah, A.H. 940:

J'-S-U f—lj*- «-*-> A—i—JJ^L-jLi-^H bA—W &_<>r->-^ ttfi' ^^Jfj

t£3>\* ^ iyt£ CJb^ Ub (jiJiJThe poem is divided into three Bauzahs

and twenty Mau'izahs. See Haj. Khal., vol. v.p. 606.

II. Foil. 96—107. Jb±^ ^j**, an eroticpoem by Mulla 'Ali Eiza Taj alii. See p. 738 a.

Beg. j\i Jj^fr /li J

»j1 c> c^s,III. Foil. 108—117. An extract from the

Subhat ul-Abrar (see p. 644 6).

IV. Foil. 118—123. i*\ji t a treatisein twelve chapters (i—»b)on the correct pro¬nunciation of the Coran.

Author: Yar Muhammad B. KhudadadSamarkand!, <jo£j+>* obbi- ^ jb

Beg. \j ô\S Oj-As- ^ Û3 j ^ ^The work is dedicated to Abul-Ghazi

'Ubaid-ullah Bahadur Khan (who reignedin Mavara un-Nahr, A.H. 939—946). Thepresent copy breaks off at the beginning ofBab 3.

At the end is found the seal of Nik 'AlamKhan, a dependent of Nizam ul-MulkAsafjfih, with the date A.H. 1153.

Add. 6632.Foil. 139; 8^ in. by 6 ; 11 lines, 4| in. long;

written in large Nestalik ; dated Jumada II.,A.H. 1192 (A.D. 1778). [J. F. Hull.]

I. Foil. 1—68. t-»jj ^ hjcS, the tale ofKarnrup.

Munshi 'Ali Eiza, who wrote the presentvolume, professes to have translated thistale, which he calls *-oj, from the Hindutongue t/jîfc w bj for Captain John Ritchie.This version, which is written in the collo¬quial Persian of India, is quite distinct fromthat which has been mentioned p. 763 b.

II. Foil. 69—114. The tale of Madhu-malat o5U=-j^ e-oi and Prince Manohar, inMagnavl (see p. 700 a).

Beg. iij—i- S>j\M- jJy-jk-j

jj^^^bj? uu^jThe author of the Hindi original is called

in this copy Shaikh Manjhan, j> ^.yl u ^j«>cna(** It is stated at the end that theversion was completed in A.H. 1059 :

jay JU> &i j j j\ji>

■ idjj> \j plai »jbji ^\ t£and that it consists of 952 distichs.

For Hindi and Dakkni versions of the taleof Madhumalat see Garcin de Tassy, Litt.Hind., 2nd edition, vol. i. p. 388, and vol. ii.p. 486.

III. Foil. 115—139. The Pand-Namah of'Attar (see p. 579 b).

Transcriber : bo, ^8 b 2


Add. 6641.Foil. 195; 9£ in. by 5|; from 12 to 15

lines, about 3| in. long; written in Nestalikand Shikastah-amlz, apparently in India, intbe 18th century. [J. F. Hull.]

I. Foil. 1—67. The Lllavati, translatedby Shaikh Faizi; see p. 449 b.

II. Foil. 68—149. The BTj-Ganit, trans¬lated by 'Ata Ullah Eashldi; see p. 450 b.

III. Foil. 150—195. The writer's manual,(_/ ljJ~jy J^*!\

The contents, mostly in tabulated form,are arranged in three Babs, as follows :

i. Numerals, weights, measures, and divi¬sions of times, fol. 151 a. II. Names ofthe signs of the zodiac and asterisms, of theRiiginls, and of the Hindu sciences andShastras, fol. 153 b. m. The numeralnotation called Siyiik, and models of officialaccounts, fol. 162 a.

Add. 6931.

Foil. 203; 13 in. by 8; about 25 lines,4 in. long; written by the Rev. John HaddonHindley, on paper water-marked 1811.

I. Foil. 1—65. Notices on the Amirs,'Ulama, and poets, of the reign of Akbar,from the Tabakat i Akbarshahl; see p. 220 a.

II. Foil. 66—88. Preface and Bab 4 ofthe A'in i Akbari (see p. 248 a), with theEnglish translation of some passages.

III. Foil. 89—125. The early kings ofPersia, from the Rauzat us-Safa, with listsof kings derived from other sources, andextracts from " P. Bizari Rerum Persicarumhistoria."

IV. Foil. 126—203. History of the kingsof India during the four ages of the world,

by Pandit Krishnanand, son of Pandit Anand-khan Ji, ^ ^jj] lujjj cJtlA- s£\&j> o!u>

Be S- ]j uj&'jM j* U»V&>.O- 1*-The author, a native of Dehli, had resided

for years in Benares, where his father wasin the employ of Mr. Jonathan Duncan.Having subsequently proceeded to Bombay,and entered the service of Mr. Duncan, thengovernor of that city, he commenced by hisorder, on the 15th of May 1807, the presentcompilation, based on the Harivansa and theBhagavata Purana.


Rev. John Haddon Hindley, on paper water¬marked 1814—1816.

Notes and extracts relating to Persianhistory.

I. Foil. 1—56. Early kings of Persia,from the Dabistan, Rauzat us-Safa, Farhatun-Nazirln, Jahan-ara, and Burhan Kati\

II. Foil. 112—136. Extracts from theTabakat i Aulad i Changizkhani, relating tothe successors of Hulagu, and, more fully, tothe Ilkani dynasty down to the death ofSultan Ahmad B. Uvais, A.H. 813.

III. Foil. 136—151. Extracts from theZafar Namah of 'All Yazdi, the Ma'a§ir iRahlmi (see Elliot, vol. vi. p. 237), the Latinversion of Abulfaraj, and Pococke's supple¬ment, relating to Timur and his successorsin Persia down to the extinction of theAk-Kuyunlus, A.H. 914.

IV. Foil. 153—161. The Safavis, fromPococke's Supplement.

V. Foil. 162—203. " Cosmogonical Dy¬nasties anterior to the Pishdadian," fromthe Dabistan and the Muntakhab ul-Lughat;Persian and English.

VI. Foil. 204—382. Notes and extracts

relating to the Pishdadians, Kayanians andSassanians, from Burhiin Kati', Jahan-ara,Rauzat us-Safa. etc.

■ ■ • *

VII. Foil. 383—387 and 41 6—518. TheAbbasides from Eauzat us-Safa.

VIII. Foil. 388—415. The Ashkaniansfrom Jahan-ara.

IX. Foil. 519—533. Timiir's wars inPersia from A.H. 782 to 794, from theEnglish translation of Zafar-Namah.

X. Foil. 535—550. Lists of EasternDynasties, Persian and English. A list ofArabic and Persian historical works.


Rev. John Haddon Hindley on paper water¬marked 1811—1814.

Notes and extracts relating chiefly to the his¬tory of India and China, compiled about 1820.

Contents :—Chronological sketch of ascheme towards forming an epitome of thehistory of Hindoostan, fol. 1. Cosmogonyand early dynasties of the Hindus, fromFirishtah (Dow's Hindoostan), Masudi, Abu'1-Fazl, Radhakant, etc., English and Persian,fol. 8. " Chronicon XIX steculorum postdiluvium, analyzante E. A. Maarshamo,"fol. 89. Tables showing how the Hindu,Egyptian and Chinese chronology may bereduced to that of the Bible, fol. 139." Chinese or Khataian History, from Bei-davce" (Nizam ut-Tavarikh) ; Persian andLatin, fol. 153. Account of Shah Rukh'sembassy to China, from the MatkV us-sa'dain;Persian and English; fol. 230. Route ofJohn Bell, of Antermony, from St. Peters¬burg to Pekin, and extracts from his travels,fol. 238. List of the kings of Khatai, Per¬sian, fol. 262.

Add. 6936.Foil. 362; 12| in. by 8; written by J. Had¬

don Hindley on paper water-marked 1814—1818.

I. Foil. 1—18. "Remarks on the modernstate of Afghanistan;" sketch of the historyof the Afghans; enumeration of their tribesand clans; from Elphinstone's Caubul.

II. Foil. 19—118. " Illustrations of Af¬ghan history from Asiatic authors;" con¬sisting chiefly of lists of saints from theMalfuzat i SultanI, by Khwajah Nizam ud-Din (Auliyii), and tables of the Afghan tribesfrom the Makhzan i Afghani (see p. 210 a) ;Persian and English.

III. Foil. 120—249. Extracts from theFavatih of Husain B. Mu'in ud-Dln Maibudi(see p. 19 b).

IV. Foil. 250—362. The Divan of 'AIT,with a Persian paraphrase by the sameauthor (see p. 19 a).


Rev. J. Haddon Hindley on paper water¬marked 1811—1815.

I. Foil. 1—176. The Kayanian dynasty,and the Greek philosophers, from the Rau¬zat us-Safa, with extracts from Jahan-ara, and Khulasat ul-Akhb.a'; Persian andEnglish.

II. Foil. 177—185. Account of Diu, andof the extraordinary adventures of MaulanaIsma il and a party of one hundred Turks, insearch of the gold-mountain, dated A.II. 969,with the heading:

)\ ^ jtjj ji $M \&**& <6 tj>.yr J=>c>t±£t ojjji* *o ^/a


Rev. John Haddon Hindley, on paper water¬marked 1805—1820.


Headings of historical works relatingchiefly to India, viz.:—Tabakat i Akbari (seep. 220 a), fol. 1. Lubb ut^Tavarikh Hind(p. 228 b), fol. 10. Tarikh Ilah Virdi Khan,by Yusuf 'Ali Khan, son of Ghulam 'AliKhan (" an intimate friend of Mahabat Jang.He married a daughter of Sarfaraz Khan"),fol. 18. Tarikh i Jauhar Shahi (see p. 246 a),fol. 19. Siyar ul-Mutaakhkhirin (see p.2806),fol. 22. Farhat un-Nazirin (see p. 131 a),fol. 50. Ma'asfir i Jahangiri (see p. 257 a),fol. 59. Nafahiit ul-Yaman, Calcutta, 1811,fol. 62. Mujmal i Tarikh ba'd-Nadiriyyah, ahistory of Nadir Shah's death and of thesubsequent period down to the death of Ka-rim Khan (A.H. 1193), fol. 69. This work,apparently written in India, has a preface,in which the author states that it is in parttranslated from Arabic records. The first

heading is s'wl jab jAj\ ^}\y>-\J\ ,J**? ^,1—ji>\j\ J.jL* l_j>ju«» j. Vaki'at i Kashmir (p. 300 «),

fol. 78. "Genghiz Khan Namah" (i.e. Habibus-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 1 and2), fol.81. Rauzatus-Safa, fol. 89. "Two volumes of treatises(on philosophy, mathematics, etc.), found inthe fortress of Gwalior," fol. 165.

List of printed Arabic books, from 1505 to1810, fol. 168. Short notices on someOriental books and MSS., fol. 178. Notes onthe Persian Mahabharat (from a MS. infour volumes, Chetham Library, Manchester),fol. 186.

Headings and extracts from the followingworks:—Ahval i Paighambaran (i.e. I'jaz iMustafavi, by Mir Muhammad Salih Kashfi;see p. 154 a), fol. 194. Tagkirat ul-Muluk,an abridgment of Rauzat us-Safa, compiledin Bijapur and brought down to A.H. 1017,with an extract on Pegu, fol. 234. Ma'ash* iRahimi (see p. 131 b), fol. 250. Kachkul(of Balm ud-Din 'Amili; see p. 775 a), fol. 261."Faraj ba'd az Shiddat" (see p. 751 b),fol. 305. The Masnavi (see p. 584 b), fol.

318. Two Arabic Tazkirahs (Yatimat ud-Dahr and Dumyat ul-Kasr), fol. 322.

Three Arabic poems, viz. Ya dara May-yah, Lamiyyat ul-'Arab, and al-Kasidat ut-Tantaraniyyah, fol. 342. Tuhfat ul-'Iriikain(see p. 560 b), Persian and English, fol. 353.

Add. 6946.Foil. 118; 9 in. by 7|; written by the

Rev. J. Haddon Hindley, on paper water¬marked 1805—1810.

Notes and extracts relating to the genealogyof the Patriarchs and to the nations whichEastern tradition connects with them, fromthe Burhan i Kati', Tarikh i Guzidah, Rauzatus-Safa, Khulasat ul-Akhbar, Firishtah, etc.,in Persian, English, and Latin.

Add. 6947.Foil. 286; 9 in. by 7|; written by the

Rev. J. Haddon Hindley, on paper water¬marked 1804—1816.

Miscellaneous notes and extracts. Thefollowing are Persian:—The tale of HatimTa'i (see p. 764 a), with the English trans¬lation of some passages, fol. 76. Headingsof the following works: A treatise onmedicaments, classed, according to diseases,in thirty-eight chapters, Persian and English,fol. 166. The Divan of Hakim Sana'i (seep. 551 a), fol. 172. A medical work notnamed (Ma'dan ush-Shifa Sikandarshahl;see p. 471 6), fol. 200. Ikhtiyarat iBadi'i (see p. 469 a), fol. 223. Song of aGeorgian boy, Ballad of Lutf 'Ali Khan, Gha-zals by Fath 'Ali Shah, Muhtasham, Rakib,and Jami, with English translations.

Add.6962.Foil. 252; 13 in. by 8; written by the

Rev. John Haddon Hindley on paper water¬marked 1810—1813.

I


Headings of the Masnavi (see p. 584 b),fol. 1. A portion of the Shahniimah, (Ma-can's edition, pp. 1030—1080), Persian andEnglish, fol. 111.

Add. 6998.Poll. 236; 9 in. by 7£; about 9 lines,

written by the Rev. John Iladdon Hindleyon paper water-marked 1808.

I. Poll. 1—211. The Sad Dar (see p. 48 b),transcribed from Roy. 16, B. vn., with Hyde'sLatin version.

II. Foil. 212—236. Tables of the Divansof Hazin (seep. 715 b), and Ahsan.

Khwajah Ahsan Ullah, entitled Zafar Khan,and poetically surnamed Ahsan, governor ofKabul, and subsequently of Kashmir, underShahjahan, died A.H. 1073. See Ma'iisjr ul-Umara, fol. 374, and the Oude Catalogue,p. 325.

Add. 7053.Poll. 210; 9£ in. by 5£; about 15 lines,

mostly written diagonally, in Nestalik, withsilver-ruled margins, apparently in the 18thcentury. [J. H. Hindley.]

Verses from Sa'di's Gulistan, and Bustiin,fol. 2. Detached verses of Mirza Tahir Va-hid (see p. 189 b), fol. 42, and of Ni'matKhan 'AH (see p. 268 b), fol. 49. Ruba is ofKudsl (see p. 684 b), fol. 55. Detached versesand Ghazals of Sa'ib (see p. 693 a), fol. 66,and of Kalim (see p. 686 6), fol. 123. Ru-bais of Kudsi, Sahfibl (see p. 672 a), andsome other poets, fol. 155.

Add. 7057.Poll. 65; 8 in. by 6; 11 lines, 4| in. long;

written in Nestalik and Shikastah-amiz, onEuropean paper, apparently in India, aboutthe beginning of the 19th century.

[J. H. Hindley.]

I. Poll. 2—35. Detached tales in the col¬loquial Persian of India.

Beg. oi/ u^jj*"* cJ>yT Jl£> j~\

Prefixed is a note relating to the price ofshawls in Bombay.

II. Poll. 36—65. A fragment of Sa'di'sGulistan.

Add. 7608.Poll. 184; n\ in. by 4|; 15 or 16 lines, 3§

in. long; written in cursive Nestalik, pro¬bably in the 17th century.

[CI. J. Rich.]

I. Poll. 1—34. r ^U^ Lo^, a populartreatise, in twenty-two Babs, on religiousduties and observances, according to thellanafi school, by Isma'il B. Lutf Ullah ul-Bfikharzi, &\ u \ Jas-V^

Beg. \j j^^bi- (_y>UiL_j (jVjJ j (_>«U«j j

II. Poll. 35—38. Llo j~ J^, forty Hadls,with a paraphrase in Persian quatrains, im¬perfect at the end.

Beg. d aJ3\ u-^^.J.* ^1 w * ^\si\e- ^Li iUUa!\

£*ij{ lib d^o.J*- Js- j\ tS j*

pj\s- jJZ-f-* vl*jiL»-l j!

III. Poll. 39—45. J6'&\ forty Hadi§,relating to the praise of God, in five Pasls,compiled and translated by Jalal B. Muham¬mad B. 'Ubaid Ullah ul-Ka'ini, ^ JjU

^jlfljl i&\ Ajj-j*

Beg. j/jli^ )j a;^^*- J?/**

IV. Poll. 45—184. A full treatise onlegal prayer and ablution, according to theHanafi school. It begins with some sayingsof Muhammad taken from the Targhib us-Salat, (by Muhammad B. Ahmad uz-Zahid;


see Haj. Khal., vol. ii. p. 282), and is slightlyimperfect at the end.

Beg. «ô.^ yj3 Ami U ... \->j all î£* (_->\i^^ »jLa)\ t-r*iiy '-r'Ô

Add. 7615.Foil. 80; 8 in. by 5f; 18 lines, written

diagonally, in Nestalik ; dated Baghdad,A.H. 1226 (A.D. 1811). [Cl. J. Rich.]

T. Foil. 2—37. &ajJiil c^ljc, an accountof various sects.

Beg. J> &*> W . . . all JîÛb) j CJûoJ

It was written by a Mussulman, who doesnot give his name, for Mr. Rich, then BritishResident in Baghdad, and treats of the ancientphilosophers, the Magians, Manes, Mazdak,the Jews, Christians, Muslims and Sufis.

EE. Foil. 39—58. Letter of Fath 'AHShah to Sulaiman Pasha, Governor of Bagh¬dad, relating to the raid of the Vahhabisupon Karbala (A.H. 1216), with the Pasha'sanswer. See Brydges, Dynasty of the Kajars,p. 154.

III. Foil. 59—63. Short poems by Tufanand contemporary poets. Mirza Tayyib, ofHazar-Jarib, Mazandaran, surnamed Tufan,died in Najaf, according to a chronogram ofLutf'Ali Khan, fol. 186, A.H. 1190.

IV. Foil. 63—30. An account of the warof Alexander with Darius, compiled forMr. Rich by Amir Ahmad ul-Hasani ul-LarijanT, ^laS,5M

Heading: \j\i} j^J\ (joUJ *>J^ ^îP^

Add. 7621.Foil. 179; 5| in. by Z\ ; 12 lines, l£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, probably in the16th century. [01. J. Rich.]

I. Foil. 1—74. The treatise of Mir HusainMu'ammai on versified riddles (see p. 649 b).

II. Foil. 75—179. Manazir ul-Insha byKhwajah Mahmud Giivan (see p. 527 b).

This copy wants a leaf at the beginning,three after fol. 79, and about twelve at theend. A spurious beginning and end havebeen supplied by a later hand.

Add. 7649.Foil. 110; 11 in. by 7 ; 25 and 31 lines,

about 5 in. long ; written in Naskhi; datedRamazan, A.H. 1017 (A.D. 1608), and A.H.1113 (A.D. 1701). [CL J. Rich.]

I. Foil. 1—96. Nusakh i Jahan-ara. Seep. Ill b. The later dynasties are broughtdown in marginal notes to A.H. 1193. Someadditions by a still later hand come down toA.H. 1226.

II. Foil. 97—110. A commentary byJam! (see p. 17 «) on some verses of theSufi poem io^Ji »>wia!\ of Ibn ul-Ffiriz (seethe Arabic Catalogue, p. 401 a, and Haj.Khal., vol. iv. p. 537).

Beg. jyl\ ^ t-'ULi j) u-jJ Jav»-The commentary is called and each

of its paragraphs is headed &*c^l. It is men¬tioned under the former title by Lari in thelife of Jam!, fol. 172, and by Sam Mirza,fol. 82. The date of composition, A.H. 875,is expressed in a Ruba'i at the end by thewords jLo jî.

Add. 7654.Foil. 318 ; 11 in. by Q\ ; 19 and 21 lines,

4^ in. long; written in Nestalik and Naskhi,in the 17th and 18th centuries.

[01. J. Rich.]

I. Foil. 3—92. The first portion of 'AlamArai 'Abbasi (see p. 185 a), viz., the preface,introduction, and the reigns of Shah Isma'il,and Shah Tahmasp, in the same recensionas Add. 17,927 (see p. 187 a), corresponding


to foil. 5 6—149 b of the same MS. A falsebeginning and end, foil. 1, 2, 93—97, havebeen added by a later hand, that of Muham¬mad Husain B. Karam 'Ali Isfahan! (seep. 137 a).

II. Toll. 99—164. A collection of stateletters that passed between Shah Ismail,fol. 97, Shah Tahmasp, fol. 108, Shah Is¬mail II. and Shah Sultan Muhammad,fol. 186, and the contemporary sovereignsof Ma vara un-nahr, Egypt, Turkey, andIndia. It appears, from the original pagi¬nation, to have lost the first thirty leaves.A false beginning, foil. 97, 98, has beensupplied by the same hand as above.

Letters of 'Abd ul-Mumin Khan to ShahAbbas I., and of the latter to Sultan Sulai-man, are found in the margins of foil. 50—62.

III. Eoll. 196—318. Maksad II. of 'Alam-Arai (see p. 186 a), wanting the biographicalnotices at the end ; dated Rajab, AH. 1038.

Add. 7666.Eoll. 372; 9 in. by 5; 17 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik and Naskhi, appa¬rently in the 16th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

I. Eoll. 1—317. The latter half of thePersian translation of Ibn Khallikan (seep. 334 a), beginning with Saif ud-DaulahGhazi B. 'Imad ud-Din Zingi, and corres¬ponding to Add. 16,714, foil. 216—409, andto M'Guckin de Slane's translation, vol. ii.p. 440—vol. iv. p. 602.

II. Foil. 318-348. An abridgment ofthe Kitab ul-Mujam (see p. 811, Add. 7712).

III. Eoll. 349—372. A compendium ofgeography, beginning with the heading

c«iu>

It consists of four chapters, treating ofseas, fol. 349 b, rivers, fol. 351 mountains,fol. 353 a, countries and towns, fol. 356 b,

VOL. II.

each of which contains detached noticesarranged in alphabetical order. It evidentlyformed part of a more extensive work, inclu¬ding history and biography ; for the authorrefers incidentally to his account of Alex¬ander, fol. 366 a, of the Khalif al-Mansur,fol. 359 a, and of the philosophers and poetsof Ghaznin, fol. 368 b.

The author speaks of Azarba'ijan with acertain predilection, as though it were bisnative land, and his reference, under Kazvin,fol. 369 b, to the pleasantries of 'UbaidZakani and other friends sx-xe- ^{^J^ ij^y*-

^So.j j ^j^j on its inhabitants, seem toimply that he was a contemporary of thatpoet, and wrote before the invasion of Timur,of which no mention is made. 'Ubaid Zakanidied A.H. 772 ; see Taki Kashi, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 18.

The geographical notices are extremelyinaccurate, and deal mostly in mythicallegends and childish fables.

Add. 7667.Eoll. 368; 8| in. by 5. [CI. J. Rich. |

I. Eoll. 1—78; 21 lines, in. long;written in Nestalik; dated A.H. 1022 (A.D.1613).

The Tuhfat ul-lrakain (see p. 560 b),with the preface.

The latter wants the first three pages. Afalse beginning has been prefixed by a laterhand.

The subscription states that this copy waswritten by Kani'i for " the most elegant ofpoets," Auliya Beg, l;*-*31

eijj \x)j\ o^i*.

II. Eoll. 79—308; 17 lines, 3 in. long;written in neat Nestalik, probably in the16th century.

The Tazkirah of Daulatslnh (see p. 364 a).This copy contains at the end, fol. 363 a,

3 c


an additional notice of a seventh contem¬porary poet, Amir Husain Jala'ir. It wantsthe latter part, about five leaves, of thehistory of Sultan Husain. A spurious con¬clusion has been supplied by a later hand.

Add. 7685.Foil. 167 ; 8J in. by 5f; 18 and 16 lines,

4 in. long; written in Shikastah-amiz, earlyin the 19th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

I. Poll. 1—130. Lata'if ul-Lughat; seep. 590 b.

II. Poll. 131—159. Three Arabic tracts,described in the Arabic Catalogue, p. 459.

IH. Foil. 160—165; 16 lines, 3£ in. long,in a page.

Account of a debate which had takenplace in Isfahan, in Rabf I., A.II. 1221,between the author and Padre Joseph, andin which the former attempted to refute thedoctrine of atonement.

The author refers in the preamble to atreatise which he had written after a pre¬vious controversy with the same Padre, andin which he established the divine missionof Mohammad by proofs drawn from thePentateuch and the Gospel, O^i oU3\ *JU,

Jji^j C*lj}> j\ Sj^l* aJiiVj

Add. 7689.Foil. 209; 8 in. by 5|; written in Naskhi

and Shikastah-amiz, early in the 19th cen¬tury. [CI. J. Ricn.]

I. Foil. 1—35. Insha, or forms of letters,in Turkish.

II. Foil. 39—111; dated Zulka'dah, A.II.1218 (A.D. 1804).

Forms of letters to be written by, oraddressed to, persons of various classes, as"Ulama, Sayyids, Daftardars, Amirs, Mus-

taufls, Kazis, merchants, Sultans, princes,Vazirs, etc.

Beg. jyjj j 5*> U . . . *11 ±J±iUUS Ji^ j *~£.yv

The preface contains some remarks on thevalue of the art of epistolary composition,and general directions to letter-writers.

III. Foil. 111—149. A similar collection,with the heading HS^stf t_*^*

It contains a letter of 'Urfi (see p. 667 a)to Hakim Abul-Fath, and one of Mirza Mu¬hammad Ashraf to Ibrahim Khan.

IV. Foil. 150—191. The Lava'ih by Jami(see p. 44 a); dated Baghdad, A.H. 1223(A.D. 1808.

V. Foil. 192—209. Forms of letters inTurkish.

Add. 7690.Foil. 264; 9 in. by 6; 13 lines, 3| in


[CI. J. Rich.]

L Poll. 1—138. AgP-j j»^d olli*,prose compositions of Mirza Tahir Vahid (seep. 189 b).

Beg. y>±>& u VkU J* i_J^

This collection, which has been printedin Calcutta, 1826, and in Lucknow, 1844,consists of letters addressed in the name ofShah 'Abbas II. to contemporary princes,amirs and dignitaries, and of prefaces com¬posed by Tahir for various works, amongothers, for his own history of Shah 'Abbas.The royal letters are addressed to the Sultanof Turkey, Shahjahan, Diira, Shikuh, Murad-bakhsh, Aurangzib, the king of Bijapur, Ku-tubshah, 'Abd ul- lAziz Khan ruler of Balkh,Abul-Ghazi Khan ruler of Urganj, and theemperor of Russia.

II. Eoll. 139—241. Letters of Mirza Bi-dil (see p. 706 &), with a short preface by theauthor.

Beg. iS&-+>o i^Jo US j {^J>\j* j£This is the collection entitled Jajo cA«ij>

and published as part of the author's Kulli-yat, Lucknow, A.H. 1287, pp. 69—215.Most of the letters are addressed to theauthor's patron, Shukr Ullah Khan, and tothe two sons of that Amir, 'Akil Khan andShakir Khan.

Sayyid Shukr Ullah Khan died, as hasbeen stated p. 370 a, A.H. 1108. His sonsare mentioned in the Tazkirat ul-Umarii, foil.69 a and 59 b. The first, Mir Karam Ullah,received the title of 'Akil Khan in the latterpart of the reign of Aurangzib.

III. Eoll. 242—264. JiAl Persianproverbs, arranged in alphabetical order, byHad! B. Muhammad Mahdi ul-Husaini, ^\

^■-mJ^ v/iil* tJtXf*

Beg. J*^ &y> &*> UThe work is based, as stated in the preamble,

upon an earlier collection designated as ^e**to which the author added, at the re¬

quest of the friend who had shown it to him,such proverbs as he could recollect.

Add. 7696.Eoll. 97; 8 in. by 4f; 17 and 14 lines,

about 3 in. long; written in Nestalik andNaskhi; dated Muharram, A.H. 1065 (A.D.1654). [01. J. Rich.]

I. Eoll. 1—24. A treatise on almanacs,by Nasir ud-Din Tusi. See p. 452 b.

II. Eoll. 24—32. A treatise on horoscopes,beginning with the heading l>jxs> j ^

Jijs-It is divided into many short sections

headed J<ai, but not numbered.

III. Foil. 33—45. Madkhal i ManzQrn;see p. 801 a.

IV. Eoll. 49—97. The astronomical treatiseof 'All Kushl. See p. 458 a.

Copyist: yj\

Add. 7707.Eoll. 295; 10 in. by 6|; 17 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in small Nestalik; dated Ju-mada L, A.H. 27 (probably for 1027 = A.D.1618). [01. J. Rich.]

I. Eoll. 1—239. Nuzhat ul-Kulub. Seep. 418 a.

The third Makalah, or geographical portionof the work, is defective and out of order. Itwants the greater part of Kisms n.—iv.

II. Eoll. 240—295.See p. 19 b.

Eavatih ul-Maibudi.

Add. 7712.Eoll. 390; 11£ in. by 7f ; 23 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Naskhi; Safar, Ramazan,A.H. 1113 (A.D. 1701—1702).

[CI. J. Rich.]I. Eoll. 1—237. Ikhtiyarat i Badi'i. See

p. 469 a.

II. Eoll. 238—319. Jol J ^ ^^s£^ uiJjU, a history of the early kings ofPersia, from Kayumars. to Aniishirviin.

Author : Eazl Ullah ul-Husaini, i&\ {ya

Beg. «_> £b Lo j») J\The author, who calls himself as above

in the preface, fol. 246 b, must have beena Sayyid, and was, according to the Ja-han-ara, fol. 138, a native of Kazvin.He must therefore bo distinguished fromhis namesake, 'Izz ud-Din Eazl Ullah, fatherof the historian Vassaf, with whom he hasbeen wrongly identified by Amin Razi,Haft Iklim, fol. 37, and others. The latter,

3 c 2

who was no Sayyid, and was born in Shiraz,died A.H. 698 (see p. 162 a), probably beforethe composition of the present work.

The Mu jam is written in an extremely or¬nate and laboured style. A wordy preface, foil.238—247, is chiefly taken up by a panegyricupon the reigning prince, Atabak Nusrat ud-Din Ahmad B. Yusuf Shah, of the dynastyof Lur Buzurg, who succeeded his brotherAfrasyab, slain by the Moghuls at the closeof A.H. 695, and died, after a long and pros-perous reign, in A.H. 730 or 733. See Gu-zidah, fol. 156, Jahanara, Add. 7649, fol. 52,and Mirkhwand, History of the Atabeks,pp. 66—68.

Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 628, who calls theauthor Fazl Ullah B. 'Abd Ullah ul-Kazvini,assigns to the work a date obviously too early,viz. A.H. 654. Compare Morley's Catalogue,p. 132, the Munich Catalogue, p. 78, and SirWm. Ouseley's Catalogue, No. 315.

III. Foil. 320—390. Akhlak i Muhsinl.See p. 443 b.

Add. 7720.Foil. 123; U in. by 5±; from 7 to 10

lines, about 3 in. long; written in Naskhiand Nestalik, apparently in the 17th cen¬tury. [CI. J. Rich.]

I. Foil. 1—21. A treatise on logic, be¬ginning : (jtii^-i* ttijd O—JyS V^^iiT

a-i-JT jii jyO jii

It is the work known as ^ ti\~>J\jkiV, by Mir Sayyid Sharif Jurjani (seep. 522 a), noticed by Ilaj. Khal., vol. iii.pp. 416,446, by Sprenger, Zeitschrift, vol. 32,p. 9, and printed in the Majmu'ah i Mantik,Lucknow, 1819, pp. 10—50. It is foundwith a commentary in Add. 25,869. Seep. 410 a.

II. Foil. 22—62. The same treatise, witha Latin translation written over the text,

wanting nine leaves at the beginning, andimperfect at the end.

III. Foil. 63—106. Ui ^U, a philoso¬phical treatise, with a Latin translation,written by the same hand as the preceding.

Beg. AJs- <6 o-V"On the first page is found the following

title :—" Universum, seu, ut Persae vocant, pocu-

lum mundi, opera Georgi Strachani Mer-nensis Scoti in Latinum idioma traducta (sic)1634."

The work is dedicated to a Shahzadah notnamed, described as the ruler of the land(Fars). It is divided, as stated in the pre¬face, into an inti'oduction (Fatihah), thirtyMaksads, and a Khatimah. The presentcopy, however, ends with Maksad 27.

An Arabic version has been edited with aa Latin translation, under the title of" Synopsis propositorum sapiential Araburnphilosophorum," by Abraham Ecchellcnsis,Paris, 1641. The author, who is called KaziZadah Husain in a copy noticed in MelangesAsiatiques,vol.v.p. 262, and Kazi Mir Husainul-Maibudi by Haj. Khal., vol. ii. p. 499, hasbeen already mentioned, p. 19 a.

In a copy of the Persian text noticed byUri, p. 2H3, the work is ascribed to a laterwriter, Ghiyfis ud-Din Mansur, who died, ac¬cording to the Majalis ul-Muminin, A.H. 948.

The following notice, written by Mr. Richon the fly-leaf, relates especially to the lasttwo articles. " This volume is a very greatcuriosity ; it contains two Persian tracts withan interlinear translation, the work andwriting of Strachan, a Scotchman who livedmuch among the Mowali Arabs when theywere the princes of the desert. He was afriend of Pietro della Valle, in whose travelsmuch mention is made of him. Baghdad,1816." A sketch of Strachan's life will bofound in " Viaggi di P. della Valle," Rome,1658, vol. iii. p. 493.

IV. Foil. 107—123. A geographical ac¬count of the Persian empire, endorsed,

^\ [jr o] jr - V&jlBeg. j\ \j J^'^ j* &±*t-> j d^s-

r^r^This work, which appears to have been

written for a Begziidah called Ishak, in thereign of Shah 'Abbas I. (A.II. 996—1038),consists of a meagre enumeration of the Per¬sian provinces, and their principal towns,with the distances between them. At theend is a table of the longitudes and latitudesof the chief cities of Persia, foil. 121—123.

Add. 7721.Foil. 277; 8£in. by 5$; written by dif¬

ferent hands in various characters, for themost part A.H. 1222 (A.D. 1807).

[CI. J. Rich.]I. Foil. 1—8. The Lava'ih of Jami. See

p. 44 a.

II. Foil. 11—16. Explanation of termsused by official writers, in tabular form, withthe heading, oy> e-f yL-jâ

^lawa,* j>j£ Jfcl

III. Foil. 17—32. Copies of some lettersthat passed between Fath 'Ali Shah and Sulai-man Pasha, Governor of Baghdad, on the sub¬ject of the raid of the Vahhabis upon Karbalain A.H. 1217, and of letters written in the sameyear by the governor of Baghdad to theBritish Consul, Mr. Harford Jones (after¬wards Sir H. J. Brydges). They were tran¬scribed for Mr. H. Jones by some person inthe employ of Sulaiman Pasha.

IV. Foil. 32—49. Fragment of Vamik u'Azra, i>3* j a Masnavi by NamI (i.e.Mlrzii Muhammad Sadik; see p. 196 a). Itbegins with the following lino, which belongsto the early part of the prologue

«_>!_> ji>_ o_j idjjf

t^jxj, *J~ j j\

Further on the poem is described as the

fourth of a Khamsah ^ j>. ^ Jr >>and the poet adds that he had chosen a themehitherto unsung in preference to the wornout tale of Shirin u Khusrau :

u-<r-* & ir*" 3 ** aS

jtfi } J^j j\ ^ jl>.câSo iJSîi y£ t).}** ^

j t/j 1 **^*" i—^

It is well known, however, that the samestory has been treated by two poets of thefifth century of the Hijrah, 'Unsuri and Fa-sihi, and by one of the tenth, Zamiri, wholived at the court of Shah Tahmasp. SeeHammer, Redekunste, pp. 42, 46, Wamikund Asra, Vienna, 1833, and the Oude Cata¬logue, p. 27.

V. Foil. 52—67. Ghazals by Tiifan (seep. 808 a, iii.), Hatif, and Mushtak.

Sayyid Ahmad of Isfahan, surnamed Hatif,was a friend of Lutf 'All Khan, who speaksof him about A.H. 1190 as still living. SeeAtashkadah, fol. 197. Some of his Ghazalshave been translated by J. M. Jouannin,Mines de l'Orient, vol. ii. p. 307. See alsoBland, Century of Ghazals, x., and Defrdmery,Journal Asiatique, 5° Sdrie, vol. vii. p. 130.

Mushtak, whose proper name was MirSayyid 'All, was also a native of Isfahan anda friend of Lutf 'All Khan, who collected hispoems after his death. See Atashkadah, fol.194, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 442.

VI. Foil. 68, 69. Fragment of Majnunand Lailfi, a Masnavi, by Mirza Sadik Nami.See art. iv.

VH. Foil. 70—75. Kasidah, by Tiiffin,and some short pieces.

VIII. Foil. 70—128. Farhfid u Shirin, byVahshl. See p. 663 b.

IX. Eoll. 128—146. Tarkib-band in praiseof 'All, and some shorter poems.

X. Foil. 147—162. ji/. J u-Vj uDliMtîiM, an Arabic treatise on the poems calledZajal and Mawaliya, by Taj ud-Din l Abd ul-Vahhab ul-BanviinT.

XI. Foil. 163—192. ^J>\ a treatiseon the poetical description of female beauty,with examples from classical poets; wantinga few lines at the beginning.

Author: Hasan B. Muhammad, entitledash-Sharaf, commonly called ar-Bami, y**-

^\J>\i J3 ^L^>\ t_i,iJb l-»HUM u \The work is divided into nineteen chapters

treating severally of the various parts of theface and body. The contents are stated inthe Jahrbucher, vol. 83, Anzeige-blatt, p. 23,and in the Vienna Catalogue, vol. i. p. 414.See also Stewart's Catalogue, p. 71, and theMunich Catalogue, p. 122.

From the author's reference, in the extantportion of the preface, to a visit paid by himto the tomb of Nasir ud-Din Tusi at the timeof composition, it is evident that the workwas written in Azarba'ijan; but there is someuncertainty about its date. Haj. Khal. states,vol. i. p. 488, that it was completed A.H.826, and dedicated to Abul-Fath Uvais Ba¬hadur. At that date, however, Azarba'ijan,having been wrested from Kara. Yusuf byMirza Baisunghur in A.H. 823, formed partof the empire of Shfihrukh.

Shaikh Uvais, of the Ilkani dynasty, theprince to whom the work seems to havebeen dedicated, reigned from A.H. 757—776.Two other circumstances make it probablethat this was the period at which the authorlived. He refers in the preface to Auhadi, whodied A.H. 738 (see p. 619 a), as a poet of histime, and further on, fol. 190 a, he mentionsas his own master, Hasan B. Mahmud Kashi,a poet who, according to Taki Kashi, OudeCatalogue, p. 18, died A.H. 710.

It must be noticed, however, that a stilllater date, viz. A.H. 878, is assigned by Haj.Khal., vol. iii. p. 21, to another work of thesame writer, also dedicated to Uvais Shah,namely a commentary on Jj'j^-. Com¬pare Krafft's Catalogue, p. 21.

XII. Foil. 193—212. A treatise on rhyme,without title or author's name.

Beg. u bj t£ KjJiHi- j» l}ja_> ÛS j .x**-

The author frequently quotes thej.:s?*^ of Shams i Kais, and, among late poets,Sa'ib, who died A.H. 1088.

XIII. Foil. 212—240. ^jLLaM atreatise on poetical figures.

Author: Nizam ud-Din Ahmad B. Mu¬hammad Salih us-Siddiki ul-Husaini,

{J>~~^ 1 jjbjâ)! JUo jy} J^l (jJ^M

Beg. liUfcj IjJ* f*>\ <_yj)l <«DIt was completed, as stated at the end, in

A.H. 1060, the twenty-fourth year of thereign of Shahjahan. The same date is fixedby a versified chronogram in the preface.The author mentions incidentally a Magnavientitled WU AT, composed by his father inA.H.1050.

The work consists of four chapters (Fasl),as follows:—1. Various kinds of composition.2. Word-ornaments. 3. Concetti, esy** jJUô.4. Plagiarisms, or borrowed ideas. Appendixon technical terms.

The present MS. is imperfect at the end.A complete copy is found in Add. 12,560.

XIV. Foil. 242—245. An Arabic treatise

on philosophical terms, k>,\j*i!\j Jyj^H

XV. Foil. 247—255. An extract relatingto some curious combinations of numbers,

with diagrams. The heading is 5J «i ^» i—AjjUs^ Lr*?'!A> J^J 1 <Jyk**

XVI. Foil. 256—267. Moral sayings of

All in Arabic, Ji>J! J>.

XVII. Poll. 268—277. Ghazals rhymingin Alif, by Mushtak. See p. 813 b.

Add. 7722.Poll. 202; 8£ in. by 5f; 17 lines, about 3

in. long; written in Shikastah-amlz ; datedBaghdad, Muharram, A.H. 1225 (A.T). 1810).

[01. J. Rioh.JI. Poll. 1—39. A treatise on astronomy,

by Muhammad Husain B. Karam 'Ali Isfa¬han! (see p. 137 «), in the author's hand¬writing.

Beg. b6 Sj^j j^bjji' ul*Ja&The work, written for Aka Ahmad Lahi-

jani, includes a versified treatise on theastrolabe, foil. 27—38.

II. Poll. 40—44. A treatise on the pre¬paration and preservation of medicaments, insix Pasls and a Khatimah, extracted from

the jlXif of Hajl Zain ud-Din 'Attar (seep. 469 a).

Bcg« ItiPj u Lc jU* jUUl Jj^ JâiIII. Poll. 44—62. Two extracts from the

Tuhfat ul-Muminin (see p. 476 b).IV. Poll. 64—196. Alchemical tracts in

Arabic. See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 464.V. Poll. 197—207. A treatise on instan¬

taneous cures, translated from the Arabicof Muhammad B. Zakariyya ur-Razi, by Mu¬hammad Husain Ibn Karam 'All (see art. i.).

Beg. j<&\J>J& <i^> t-r'^>- i_r*^ <—*—».

The title of the Arabic work is v_*k31^^*» 1iXfUl 3j. j XftU-oM î. See Uri, p. 288,xcii., art. 6.

Add. 7723.Poll. 78; 7i in. by 4|; 19 lines, about

3 in. long; written in Shikastah-amiz andNaskhi, apparently in the 17th century.

[01. J. Rich.]

I. Poll. 1—14. A tract on the rationalexplanation of the Mi'raj.

Beg- ^yjV***^ j !^x*j i\>j\m>- ^>}!L» j c_>-^-»It is commonly ascribed to Abu *Ali B.

Sinii. See the Dabistiln, Troyer's translation,vol.iii.pp.176—200, where extensive extractsare given, and Haj. Khal., tit. ^V-^ 'dL*,,vol. iii. p. 443.

II. Poll. 15—48. A philosophical treatiseon crafts and professions, their relative im¬portance and mutual relations, endorsed

^.Uuall (_y:isBeg. yjU-J aJUj ^je- . . . jdl a+J)

I*—^ (JIaC-'.j,^

In another copy, Add. 16,839, xxii., AmTrAbul-Kasim ul-Pandarsaki, ÛLM ^jI _,jk_*lljL>JI>jJd\ > is named as the author.

Mir Abul-Kasim, who came of a family ofSayyids settled in Astrabad, took his Nisbahfrom Pandarsak, a neighbouring town (seeBurhan i Kati'). He is described as the mosteminent philosopher and Sufi of his time,and stood high in the estimation of ShahAbbas I., whom he is said, however, to havescandalized by his habit of mixing with thelowest orders and attending cock-fights. Hespent many years in India, and was twiceintroduced to Shahjahan by the Vazlr AsafKhan (Abul-Hasan), namely in the firstand tenth years of the reign, A.H. 1037and 1046. But he subsequently returnedto his native country, and died in Isfahanduring the reign of Shah Safi, A.H. 1038—1052. The present work, commonly designatedas c^lfcUo, is mentioned as the most popularof his writings. See Tiihir Nasrabadi, fol.119 a, Amin, Padishah Namah, fol. 425, Ri-yaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 31, and Atashkadah,fol. 86.

According to the Dabistan, Mir Abul-Ka¬sim became, through his intercourse withthe disciples of Kaivan, much imbued with

81G MANUSCRIPTS OP MIXED CONTENTS.

Pars! ideas. See Troyer's translation, vol. i.p. 140, vol. iii. pp. 205, 206.

The word c^lwi, " craft," is taken by theauthor in an exceptionally wide sense, and ismade to include the highest forms of humanactivity. Ilis first chapter treats of prophets,Imams, and philosophers.

HI. Poll. 49—78. Eleven Sufi tracts, byMuhammad Dihdiir,^^

Khwajah Muhammad Dihdilr, son of Khwa-jah Mahmiid, belonged to a family of Arabextraction settled in Havizah, a town ofKhuzistan, and subsequently in Shiraz.He went to India under Akbar, and becameintimate with the Khankhanan 'Abd ur-Ra-hlm, to whom several of his treatises arededicated. He died in Surat under Jahangir(according to Dr. Sprenger, Oude Catalogue,p. 393, A.H. 1016), leaving poetical composi¬tions in which he took the name of Pani,and many prose works, among which glossesto the Nafahat, Rashabat, and Gulshan iRaz, and a commentary upon the preface ofTibyan, are mentioned. See Riyaz ul-Au-liya, fol. 169, and Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol.330. Some of his tracts are noticed in theJahrbiicher, vol. 85, Anzeigeblatt, p. 54, andthe Yienna Catalogue, vol. iii. p. 455.

The subjects of the present treatises arethe following:—1. Spiritual meaning of theZikr, fol. 42 b. 2. Comments on the verse„^ r JA $S Coran, lvi. 74, fol. 54 b.3. Pree-will and predestination, fol. 56 a.4. Defence of Muhyi ud-Dln Ibn ul-'Arabiagainst "Ala ud-Daulah (see p. 413 a), andGlsu Daraz (see p. 347 b), fol. 61 b. 5. Rela¬tion of the ideal man ^L-M to individuals,fol. 64 a. 6. Muhammad and the universalsoul fol. 66 a. 7. Relation of indi¬vidual minds to the ten intellects, fol. 68 b.8. Comparison of the insight of previousprophets and of Muhammad, fol. 69 b.9. Mutual relations of men, and the twelveImams, fol. 71 b. 10. Comments on 'Ali's

saying with regard to the existence of Adambefore creation, fol. 75 a. 11. The beginningof light and the world of darkness. This lasttract is imperfect.


long; written in Nestalik; dated Rabi' II.,A.H. 1033 (A.D. 1624). [CI. J. Rich.]

I. Poll. 1—72. J}U1, a treatise onethics, in prose and verse, by Hasan B. Ruz-bahan, ^VjjJj

Beg. u L>5l! 3 J-iallj \i b £)&*>-\The preface contains a eulogy upon the

Vazir Shams ud-Daulah Muhammad, fromwhose name the title is derived. The authorstates further on that he had been deter¬mined, after long delays, to issue the presentwork by the appearance of the Akhlak iMuhsini (a work completed A.H. 900; seep. 443 b).

It is divided into fourteen Biibs and a Kha-timah.

Dr. Sprenger, who notices the work in theZeitschrift der D. Morg. Gessellschaft, vol.xiii. p. 540, calls the author Hasan B. Ruz-bahan Shirazi.

II. Poll. 73—137. Mantik ut-Tair. Seep. 576 a.

III. Poll. 137—242. Muslbat Nfimah.See p. 576 b.

IV. Poll. 242-253. Gulshan i Raz. Secp. 608 b.

Add. 7776.Poll. 121; 12 in. by 7£; 23 lines, 5£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, in four gold-ruledcolumns, with two 'Unvans, and 36 minia¬tures in Persian style; dated Ramazan,A.H. 1004 (A.D. 1596). [CI. J. Rich.]

I. Poll. 1—64. Mihr u Mushtari. Secp. 626 a.

In this copy the date of composition, fol.64 a, is not A.II. 778 as in the ahove copy,hut A.H. 748, Jli b^jW wtf, ^>/?j

Copyist: ^tsl ^s? ^ J\II. Poll. 65—121. Duval-Rani Khizr

Khan. See p. 612 a, xiv.Copyist: u U«i ^ ^^klSl

Add. 7802.Poll. 110; 8| in. by 5; 15 lines, about 3

in. long; written by various hands in Nes-talik and Shikastak-fimiz, apparently in the17th century. [CI. J. Rich.]

I. Poll. 1—63. Prologue of aMasnavi inthe measure of the Makhzan ul-Asrar, with adedicatory epistle in prose to some patron ofletters not named.

Beg. yCJ t/W} ^f- {j\j£j ^Wy ^jjb CJ,^'

The author, who designates himself onlyby his poetical surname Aflt.ribi-r > UiT, men¬tions, as his models, the works of Nizami,Khusrau, Jam!, and lastly the Markaz i Ad-viir of Faizi (see p. 671 a). This line, jkitj^-jUJ^- shows that he was a nativeof Khorasan, while from his appeals to theShah's indulgence, and some references toKirman such as this, <i,y- ^ ^it is evident that he had fallen into disgrace,and had been some time confined, muchagainst his will, to that city.

Poll. 39—55 are occupied by some Kasi-dahs and Ghazals, apparently by the samepoet. These also contain references to theauthor's compulsory stay in Kirman, as inthe following line: J\ ^ ^ t^lf^jjjfcii;! 3 \ j$ »HJ.»- Jo*. Ojj^. Oneof the Kasldahs fixes the period of the poet:it is addressed to the Kurchi Basin Murtaza

VOL. IT.

Kuli Khan, an Amir of the Shamlu. tribe,who, as we learn from Tahir Nasrabadi,fol. 30, held the government of Kirman inthe reign of Shah 'Abbas II. (A.H. 1052—1077). Another is in praise of Shah 'Abbas.

II. Poll. 64—110. Letters and otherprose pieces, without author's name.

Beg. sS Lf^/f 63 lv^ -uV' Hp^

The letters arc mostly written in the nameof Hasan Khan, and of 'Abbas Kuli Khan, towhom the author appears to have acted assecretary.

Hasan Khan B. Husain Khan Shamlu,governor of Khorasan (see p. 682 a), was agreat patron of poets, and the author of aDivan, a preface to which is found in thepresent collection. His son, 'Abbas KuliKhan, who succeeded him in the government,was still living when Tahir Nasrabadi wrote,i. e. A.H. 1083; see fol. 29.

Add. 7819.Poll. 189; 9J in. by 5£; 19 lines, 2| in.

long, with 28 lines round the margins ; writtenin small Ncstalik; dated Ramazan, A.H.1056 (A.D. 1646). [CI." J. Rich.]

I. Poll. 2—154. ijj^i? i£j>& uV-^ thethe Divan of Nazirl of Nishapur.

This poet, whose proper name was Mu¬hammad Husain, went to India, after a stayof some years in Kashan, and became afavourite follower of that great lover ofpoetry, the Khankhanan 'Abd ur-RahimKhan. After a pilgrimage to Mecca, per¬formed in A.H. 1012, he adopted a religiouslife, and settled in Ahmadabad, where hedied A.H. 1022 or 1023. See Sprengcr,Oude Catalogue, p. 515, Blochmann, AinAkbari, p. 579, Haft Iklim, fol. 318, BadaonI,vol. iii. p. 355, Riyaz, fol. 457, and Ouscley'sNotices, p. 252.

3 D

818 MANUSCRIPTS OE MIXED CONTENTS.

Contents: Kasidahs, Tarkibs, Tarji s andKit'ahs, arranged apparently in chronologicalorder, with rubrics due to the author, show¬ing for whom and on what occasion the seve¬ral pieces were composed. The poems areaddressed to the Khankhanan, to Akbar andJahanglr, to 'Abd Ullah Khan of Gujrat, toAkbar's son, prince Murad, Naurang Khan,A'zam Khan Kukah, and other Amirs. Someare elegies on the death of the author'schildren and of contemporary poets. Thesection is imperfect in the beginning.

2. Ghazals in alphabetical order, fol. 70,beginning :

s'^L- Sjas- (_r ?£ U lilThis section has two lacunes after foil.

123 and 141, and breaks off at the beginningof letter J.

II. Eoll. 155—188. The Ghazals of Vah-shl (see p. 664 a), wanting the first part ofletter \, and the latter part of letter ^, withthe rest of the alphabet.

III. Eoll. 155—188, and 2^30 (margins).The Divan of Shiipur. See p. 674 b.

Contents: Kasidahs, imperfect at the be¬ginning, fol. 155. Ghazals in alphabeticalorder, with a lacune extending from lettert^> to letter foil. 175—188, 2—23. TwoTarp-bands, fol. 24.

IV. Eoll. 30—127 (margins). ^1 w ^"t^i JpJ the Divan of Shaikh'All Naki,of Kamrah.

Beg. jL*- ^ U_) tdL^w j\ aioliT

This poet and his brother Ulfati came ofthe family of the Shaikhs of Kamrah, aborough situate near Jarbadkan, in Irac.'AH Naki was the panegyrist of Shah 'Ab¬bas I. (A.H. 995—1038), and of Hatim Beg,who was that king's Vazlr during the earlypart of his reign. He is mentioned as stillalive in the Haft Ikllm, a work written A.H.1002. He died, according to Tahir Nasra-

badl, fol. 176, in A.H. 1012, or, as stated inthe Riyiiz ush-Shu"ara, fol. 460, A.H. 1013.Dr. Sprenger gives a later date, viz. A.H.1030 or 1031. See the Oude Catalogue,pp. 91, 514.

Contents : Kasidahs, fol. 30 a. Ghazals,in alphabetical order, fol. 64 a. Ruba'is, fol.117—127.

V. Eoll. 128—154. Select Ghazals fromthe Divan of Eighani (see p. 651 a), inalphabetical order; wanting the latter partof letter f and the rest of the alphabet.

Add. 7827.Eoll. 89; llj in. by 7; 25 lines, 4 in.

long; writtten in Nestalik ; dated Rabl' II.,A.H. 997 (A.D. 1589). [CI. J. Rich.]

A volume of poetical extracts in Persianand Turki, including connected series ofGhazals by the following poets: Kasim iAnvar (p. 635 a), foil. 16—29. Jami (p. 643 a),foil. 31—35. Nava'i (Mir Ali Shir, p. 366 a),by whom are some Tarklb-bands and a col¬lection of Ghazals entitled j>.^\ inTurki, foil. 41—53. Humayun (p. 735 b),foil. 54—57. Asafi (p. 651 b), foil. 78—80.

Add. 7828.Eoll. 54; 7i in. by 4J; about 17 lines, 4

in. long; in the handwriting of Mr. Rich;dated Dec. 25th, 1803. [CI. J. Rich.]

A volume of miscellaneous extracts, con¬taining an Arabic notice on the fire-tem¬ples, headed [Shahristani] ijS*o JS)^ y*,fol. 1. The prologue and epilogue of SadDar i Nazm (see p. 48 b), fol. 2. Extractsfrom Khwand Amir on the early kings ofPersia, fol. 6, from the Baharistan and Yiisufu Zulaikha of Jami, fol. 7, from the Zlj iMuhammad-Shahi (see p. 460 b), fol. 10,from the Eutuh Ibn A'sam (see p. 151 a),fol. 21, from the Makamat of al-Hariri, fol.24, from Sa'di, Hafiz, Eirdusi, etc.


Add. 7938.Foil. 49; 7f in. by 5 ; written in Divani

and Nestalik by different hands, apparentlyin the 16th and 17th centuries.

[CI. J. Rich.]Ghazals by KatibI, Hilali, Ahi, AsafI,

Ahli, Hafiz, JamT, Shahldi, Hairiini, Saifi, andHairati, foil. 23—33.

Kasidahs by Katibi, Khwajui Kirmani, andIbn Husam, foil. 35—46.

The rest of the volume contains forms ofletters and poetical extracts in Turkish.

Add. 8149.Foil. 83 ; 9 in. by 5J ; 15 lines, 5£ in. long;

written in cursive Nestalik; dated 'Azim-ganj, province of Murshidabad, in the monthof Asin of the Bengali year 1128, the fourthof the reign (of Muhammad Shah = A.H.1134-5, A.D. 1721).

I. Foil. 1—28. ^4—»■ j tirt^A'history of the Amir ul-Muminm Hasan andHusain from their birth to the death of theformer, poisoned by Yazid, and to the mar¬tyrdom of the latter in Karbala.

II. Foil. 29—82. ^ «^o\k-, his¬tory of Muhammad, son of the Hanafiyyah,from the time when the tidings of his brotherHusain's death reach him to the time whenho releases the latter's son, Zain ul-'Abidin,from captivity, and finds the charred body ofthe accursed Yazid at the bottom of a well.

The above stories are apparently detachedportions of a late composition exhibiting theShi'ah legend in its most exuberant growth.

Add. 8908.Foil. 218; 9| in. by 6; 13 lines, 4 in. long;

written in cursive Nestalik; dated February,A.D. 1819.

I. Foil. 1—39. The diary of the siege ofHaidarahad. See p. 268 a.

II. Foil. 40—218. The third volume ofthe Ikbal-Namah (see p. 255 «), wanting theconcluding notices on the Vazlrs and cele¬brated men of the reign.

Copyist: i^Lo 0 .ii* Jj «iok~> j^SH\^>+t>jfj&>\J>fca-ljUs

Add. 8919.Foil. 86; 9f in. by 6|; 14 lines in a page;

written in Nestalik, in the 18th century.I. Foil. 1—13. Alphabetical list of Per-

sian verbs, with their Hindustani equi¬valents.

II. Foil. 14—22. Alphabetical list ofHindustani verbs, with their Persian equi¬valents.

III. Foil. 23—86. Laila Majnun, by Ha-tifi. See p. 652 b.

Add. 8991.Foil. 161; 9£ in. by 5; 14 and 16 lines,

2j and 4 in. long; written in Nestalik, ap¬parently in the 17th century.

I. Foil. 2—126. The Shahnamah of MirzaKasim Gunabadi (see p. 660 «), wantingfour leaves after fol. 97, three single leavesafter foil. 113,117, and 121, and about fourat the end.

II. Foil. 127—140. An alphabetical seriesof Ghazals, by Tahir,^*U».

Beg. ^ 15 Jb ^ j ^\±x-> ^ US ^/ ^ j±>

The series is imperfect at the beginning,and has some other lacunes. The authornames in one passage, fol. 135, Saib Tabrizi,who died A.H. 1088 (see p. 693 a), as his

3 d 2

model, and it appears from another line, fol.128 a, that he lived in Isfahan.

III. Poll. 141—161. A fragment of theInsha of Yusufi. See p. 529 a.

Add. 9697.Poll. 95; 8f in. by 6|; 15 lines, 4 in. long;

written in Shikastah-amiz, about the close ofthe 18th century.

I. Poll. 1—16. Porms of official documentsand civil contracts.

II. Poll. 17—54. ^L-j^yUi, the Mun-shi's manual, containing models of lettersand official papers.

Author : Shaikh Anis ud-Din, son of KaziNa'im ud-Din, of the town of Chanwah,

Bardwan, pp) ^jo^ ^j&S {Jux>\ g£»lys? WwOi (jj^l*"

Beg. &a- j6^>J>\Cyi> j A**- tt) ^>-The author was, in A.H. 1175, Munshi to

Gandarbh-Das, Naib Zamindar of Hijll. liecompiled the present work shortly after, andinserted in it many of his own letters. Thepresent copy is imperfect.

III. Poll. 55—70. Copies of letters writtento various officials in Bengal, in the timeof Mir Ja'far and Clive, by a person in theCompany's employ.

IV. Poll. 71—95. Fragment of Bahiir iDanish. See p. 765 b.

Add. 10,463.Poll. 28; 10 in. by 6^; from 12 to 19

lines; dated Ramazan, A.H. 1233 (A.D.1818).

I. Poll. 1—17. Nan u Halva. Seep. 679 a.

IT. Poll. 18—23. Six Kasidahs from theDivan of Sa'di.

III. Poll. 24—27. A fragment of HaftPaikar. See p. 567 a.

Add. 10,579.Poll. 271; 7f in. by 4f; from 15 to 25

lines; written in Nestalik and Shikastah-amiz, in India.

I. Poll. 1—48; dated Muharram, A.H.1096 (A.D. 1684).

A commentary on some difficult versesof the first part of Iskandar Namah (seep. 568 a).

Author: Hamid B. Jama.1 Bukharl ul-Ha-

sani ul-Jaunfuri, {J~>^ [ <j}#: JW>- u -><*J*-W'

Beg. c^jA*j» e^.^o 5 \^>}^> Oo ga¬llic work is dedicated to Parld ud-Din

Abul-Muzaffar Shir Shah (A.H. 946—952).It is mentioned in the St. Petersburg Cata¬logue, p. 439, under the title of jjli\jJl iJLii'.

II. Poll. 49—271; dated Sha'btin, A.H.1149 (A.D. 1736).

A commentary on some poems of Khiikfiniby Muhammad Shadiyabadl. See p. 561 b.This copy contains only 34 Kasidahs.

Add. 10,587.Poll. 34; 8^ in. by 4J; 13 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in Nestalik and Shikastah-amiz ; dated A.H. 1175 (A.D. 1761-2).

I. Poll. 1—9. Mi'raj ul-Khayal. Seep. 738 a and 803 a.

III. Poll. 10—34. Siiz u Gudaz. Seep. 674 a.

Add. 11,633.Poll. 242; 8| in. by 5; 19 lines, 3| in.

long; written in cursivo Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century.

I. Poll. 2—81. Jilt* oUlj " Memorableevents of MushtakI," a collection of detachednarratives and anecdotes relating to thesovereigns of the Lodi, Timuride, and Surdynasties.

Author : MushtakI, commonly called RizkUllah, &\ jj^ u-^p Jpsi*

Beg. *^>&»-\ 3.AaZ>~ s6' \j jjbliiiib jic ^U5 j

Shaikh Rizk Ullah, of Dehli, the eldestson of a well-known devotee, Shaikh Sa'dUllah (the grandfather of Shaikh 'Ahd ul-Hakk Dihlavi; see p. 14 a), was horn A.H.897, and became, as a child, the Murld of arenowned saint, Shaikh Muhammad Maikan,of Milavan (a town near Kinnauj), who diedA.H. 906. Rizk Ullah led the wanderinglife of a Paklr, and associated with thousandsof holy Shaikhs. He was deeply versed inthe history of saints and kings, and died atthe age of ninety-two years, A.H. 989,leaving several poetical compositions inHindi and Persian. In the former he tookthe name of Rajan, while in the latter headopted tho takhallus MushtakI. Seenotices of his life by his nephew 'Abd ul-Hakk, in Akhbar ul-Akhyar, foil. 142, 215,and in his memoirs, Or. 1696, fol. 84. Com¬pare Riyaz ul-Auliya, fol. 121, Tarikh iKhanjahanI, fol. 4, and Dorn, History of thoAfghans, p. 3.

An account of the work, with copiousextracts, is given in Elliot's History of India,vol. iv. pp. 534—557. A translation ispreserved in manuscript, Add. 20,773, foil.128—187.

The contents are arranged under thefollowing heads : Bahliil LodI, fol. 3 a. Si-kandar Lodi, fol. 8 a. Ibrahim LodI, fol.40 b. Babar, fol. 42 a. Humayun, fol. 44 b.Akbar, fol. 45 b. Shir Shah Sur, fol. 46 a.Islam Shah, fol. 56 b. Ibrahim, fol. 60 b.Character and rule of Islam Shah, fol. 74 a.Muhammad Shah, called 'Adli, fol. 76 b.Ghiyas ud-Dln Khiljl, of Mandu, fol. 79 b.

The present copy breaks off in the lastsection, fol. 81 b; it wants about twelvefolios.

II. Poll. 82—242. A portion of Zubdat

ut-Tavarikh (see p. 224 b), corresponding tofoil. 151—376 of Add. 10,580.

The last page, containing a subscriptiondated A.H. 1089, is by a later hand.

Add. 12,560.Poll. 203; 9 in. by 5 ; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins; dated Sha'ban, A.H. 1228 (A.D.1813).

I. Poll. 2—83. Majma' us-Sana'i'. Seep. 814 b, xiii.

II. Poll. 84, 85. Reply of Mulla Muham¬mad Tahir Ghani (see p. 692 a) to a chargeof plagiarism founded on tho discovery of averse of his in a copy of the Tadkh i BadaonI(see p. 222 b).

III. Poll. 85—103. Pirdausiyyah, byTughra. See p. 742 b, ii.

IV. Poll. 104—121. Panj Ruk'ah andMina Bazar, by Zuhiiri. See p. 742 a, v. iv.

V. Poll. 122—134. JJJ Jf, a Masnavlon the art of wrestling, by Mir Najat.

Beg. <iy »!ji?4> «*l> (jT^fc Jf£* V^J 1*

Mir Abd ul-'Al Najat, son of Mir Muham¬mad Mumin, a HusainI Sayyid of Isfahan, isdescribed as a skilled accountant and con¬summate wit. He began life as MustaufI ofthe Sadr Mlrza Hablb Ullah, discharged thesame office in Astrabad, and was employedas secretary by Shah Sulaiman and ShahSultan Husain. He was about thirty yearsof age in A.H. 1076 (see Kisas ul-Khakfml,fol. 168), and as he reached, according toHazln, Oude Catalogue, p. 137, the age ofeighty years, he must have died aboutA.H. 1026. See Tahir Nasrabadi, fol. 254,Atashkadah, fol. 86, and the Oude Catalogue,p. 512.

The author of the Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol.470, reflects severely on the low tone ofNajat's compositions, and says, that he shares


with Zulali (p. 677 a), Jalal Asir (p. 681 b),and Shaukat of Bukhara (who lived in Kho-rasan and afterwards in Isfahan, and diedA.H. 1107; see Mir'at Jahannuma, fol.362), the hlame of having debased poetry bylowering it to the level of vulgar speech andtrivial jokes.

The date of composition, A.H. 1112, isexpressed by the following chronogram inthe epilogue:

o-igjtf Ji j> £The poem has been elucidated in India by

two commentators, Arzu and Ratan Singh,and has been printed in Lucknow, A.H. 1258.Copies are noticed in Ouseley's Catalogue,No. 258, and the Munich Catalogue, p. 4.

VI. Foil. 134—140. &*> *^«»> a satireby Hakim Sharaf ud-Din Shifa'i, imperfectat the end.

Beg. ji> ijxJLj jSjo ^\

Iskandar Beg, who calls the author HakimTimur Shifa'i, of Isfahan, speaks of him,'Alam-arai, fol. 243, as a distinguished phy¬sician, wit, and poet, a favourite companionof Shah 'Abbas I., but universally dreadedfor his malignant epigrams and ruthlesssatire. He adds that he died in Isfahan,A.H. 1037. According to others his originalname was Sharaf ud-Din Hasan. See Tahir,

• • ■

fol. 158, Mir'at i Jahannuma, fol. 362, Riyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 237, Atashkadah, fol. 100,the Oude Catalogue, p. 570, and HaftAsman, p. 134.

Shifa'i's Divan is described in the ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 600.

VII. Foil. 141—168. Extracts from Ni-zami's poems and Firdusi's Shahnamah.

VIII. Foil. 169—177. Love-letters ofDuvalrani and Khizr Khan, from the poemof Amir Khusrau. See p. 612 a, xiv.

IX. Foil. 177—185. Extract from Vis uRamin, a Masnavl by Fakhri Jurjani.

Beg. tjj-it-i \ J &>> yrFakhr ud-Din As'ad Jurjani composed this

poetical version of a romance, originallywritten in Pehlevi, in Isfahan, about A.H.440, at the request of 'Amid ud-Din Abul-Fath Muzaffar, of Nishapur, who governedIsfahan for Sultan Tughrul, the founder ofthe Saljuk empire. See Guzidah, fol. 242,Habib us-Siyar, vol. ii., Juz 4, p. 85, Haj.Khal. vol. vi. p. 468, and Haft Iklim, fol.465, the Oude Catalogue, p. 338, and HaftAsman, p. 17.

The poem has been published, from adefective copy, in the Bibliotheca Indica,1864. Extensive extracts are given in theRiyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 323, and Khulasat ul-Afkar, fol. 209. An analysis of the contentsby K. H. Graf is to be found in the Zeit-schrift der D. Morgenl. Gesellschaft, vol. 23,pp. 375—433.

The present extract corresponds to pp.248—252, 261—269 of the printed edition,from which, however, it differs very con¬siderably.

X. Foil. 186—197. Love-letters of Lailaand Majnun, from Nizami's poem. Seep. 566 b.

XI. Foil. 200—203. Ghazals by Hilfili.See p. 656 a.

On the fly-leaf is written: " Purchased ofW. Campbell Richley, a soldier, who statedit to have been part of the plunder foundwithin the fortress of Ghuznee, when cap¬tured by the English troops under Sir JohnKeane, in 1839."

Add. 14,374.Foil. 109; 9 in. by 7f; 15 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, late in the 18thcentury.

I. Foil. 2—11. Life of Bibi Juliana,endorsed liLls- $ s »\

Beg. JS' j j»- jiU> (JsAj j {J>>!&**

The author, jzJ (Gaston Bruit),states that Monsieur Gentil, at whose requesthe had written this account, had come toIndia in A.H. 1165, twenty-two years heforethe date of composition (which thereforemust be A.H. 1187), and, having enteredthe service of Shuja 1 ud-Daulah, had beensettled for the last twelve years in Faizftbad.

Colonel Jean-Baptiste Joseph Gentil, theable assistant of Shuja' ud-Daulah in theorganization of his army, left India shortlyafter that prince's death (A.II. 1188), anddied in his native town, Bagnols, in a stateof great poverty, in 1799. See Langles,Bibliotheque Universelle.

According to the present memoir, BibiJuliana had been captured as a child, withthree thousand Portuguese, in the earlypart of Shahjahan's reign, and given as aslave to one of the ladies of the court.Having been married to a European, whosoon after fell in battle, she was attached tothe household of Prince Mu'azzam (after¬wards Bahadur Shah) and his mother, whomshe served with singular devotion duringtheir long confinement. After the prince'saccession she rose to a position of greattrust and influence, and maintained itduring the early part of the reign of Mu¬hammad Shah, whose deliverance from thegalling yoke of the Sayyids she is said tohave obtained by means of a vow to S. John.

She died at Dehli, in great repute ofsanctity, some years after that event (accord¬ing to Tarikh i Muhammadi, fol. 277, inRabi' I., A.H. 1147), when a relative, BibiPasquale 4^-4 > succeeded to her office andassumed her name.

A French translation of the work by Prof.E. II. Palmer will bo found in the NouvellesAnnalcs des Voyages, 1865, torn. ii. pp. 161—18-1, and a notice on Juliana in Gentil'sMemoircs sur l'lndoustan, pp. 367—380.

II. Foil. 12—80. Memoirs of ShaikhHazin. See p. 381 a.

Add. 16,701.Foil. 126 ; 8 in. by 5; 15 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Nestalik; dated Zulka'dah, thesixth year of Farrukhsiyar (A.H. 1129, A.D.1717). [Wm. Yule.]

I. Foil. 1—91. Zikr ul-Muluk, by 'Abdul-Hakk Dihlavi. See p. 223 b.

Copyist: ^sj}II. Foil. 92—126. Account of Aurang-

zib's victories over Jasvant Singh and DaraShikuh, from the 'Alamgir Namah (seep. 266 b) ; corresponding to pp. 59—105 ofthe Calcutta edition.

Add. 16,703.Foil. Ill; 9 in. by 5£; 15 and 17 lines,

about 3 in. long. [Wm. Yule.]I. Foil. 1—71. *Utf, a general

history of Persia from Adam to A.II. 671.Author: Kazi'l-kuzat Nasir ud-Din Abu

Sa'id 'Abd Ullah B. Kazi'l-kuzat Imam ud-Din Abil-Kasim 'Umar B. Fakhr ud-DinAbil-Hasan Ali ul-Baizavi, ^13 iiLaaJl <_g°^^j-^jJl |»L«) XUaJiil ô\j jjji dlH oafr y.\ ^.JÛÂ-fN (i 6 ^ <j>jti j& j** ^-^

Be g- \ J^* J LF?The author, whose well known commen¬

tary upon the Coran (see the Arabic Cata¬logue, p. 61), has made the name familar inEurope, was the son of Imam ud-Din Abul-Kasim 'Umar, who, as stated in the presentwork, fol. 62, held the office of chief judgeLiUm US in the kingdom of Ears under theAtabak Abu Bakr B. Sa'd. Nasir ud-Din,who also discharged the functions of Kazi inShiraz, spent the latter part of his life in Ta¬briz, where he died, according to the Vafibil-Wafayat, fol. 99, A.II. 685. A later date,however, A.H. G92, is assigned to his deathby al-Yafi'i (see Hablb us-Siyar, vol. iii.,Juz 1, p. 77), and Haind Ullah Mustaufi

who mentions the Nis.am ut-Tavarlkh as oneof his sources, states that the author diedafter A.H. 710.

In a short preface written on the 21st ofMuharram, A.H. 674, Baizavi says that, hav¬ing composed in early life works on everybranch of the sacred sciences, he now pro¬posed to write a compendium of the historyof Iran from Adam to his own time.

The work is divided into four Kisms, asfollows : i. Prophets, saints, and kings, fromAdam to Noah, fol. 3 b. II. Early kings ofPersia, in four dynasties, fol. 6 b. ill. Theearly Khalifs, the Umayyades, and Ahbasides,fol. 82 a, iv. Dynasties contemporary withthe Abbasides, viz. Saffaris, fol. 46. Samanis,fol. 47 a. Ghaznavis and Ghuris, fol. 48 a.Dailamis, fol. 51 b. SaljQkis, fol. 56 a.Salghuris, fol. 59 a. Isma'ilis, fol. 64 b.Khwarazmis, fol. 66 a. Moghuls, fol. 67 b.

The time of composition is fixed not onlyby the date given in the preface, but also bythe author's statement that the Salghuri dy¬nasty had ruled 131 years from its origin, inA.H. 543, to the "current year," which musttherefore have been A.H. 674.

The last section, however, has a conclusionof later date than the preface, but apparentlyalso due to the author, in which Abaka Khanis spoken of as dead, and the Sahib Divan asbeing still at the height of his power. Itmust therefore have been written betweenA.H. 680 and 683. The same conclusionis found in another copy, Or. 1583.

A further continuation, foil. 69 b —71,ending with the accession of Ghazan Khan,A.H. 694, in whose reign it was written,cannot be ascribed to Baizavi. This latterappendix occurs also in another MS., Or.1859, foil. 98—102. There is also an ad¬dition of later date than the conclusion inthe account of the Salghuris, for it is broughtdown to the death of Abish Khatun, A.H. 686.

The contents of the Nizam ut-Tavarikhhave been fully stated by S. de Saey, Notices

ct Extraits, vol. iv. pp. 672—695, Hammer,Jahrbiicher, vol. 81, Anzeigeblatt, p. 37, andSir H. Elliot, History of India, vol. ii. pp.252—258. See also Haj. Khal., vol. vi. p. 354.Copies are mentioned in Stewart's Catalogue,p. 7, Uri, p. 215, Ouseley's MSS., No 686,Leyden Catalogue, vol. iii. p. 1, Vienna Cata¬logue, vol. ii. p. 60, and Upsala Catalogue,p. 162. A Turkish translation, in which thehistory is brought down to A.H. 973, is pre¬served in Add. 6020. Another is noticed inKrafft's Catalogue, p. 91.

The present copy is apparently of the 16thcentury, but the latter portion, foil. 55—71,which is by a later hand, is dated A.H. 1072(A.D. 1662).

II. Eoll. 72—91. A versified abstract ofIndian history, from the time of the Mu-hammadan conquest to A.H. 1133, by \Abdullah Yakin, (jîb

Beg. (j &}lkLj îJ) &\ 6^

^st> plî^H iOjjfo- (j *VS> V* J*i>The whole poem is on the same rhyme.

It was written, as stated in the prologue, atthe request of Sabit Kadam Kluln, an amirof the court of Muhammad Shah.

In the concluding lines the author claimsdescent from the Moghul Chakui Purlas0**î the grandson of Karachar, andgives A.H. 1133 as the date of composition.

Shah Yakin is mentioned in HamlshahBahar as 'now' {i.e. A.H. 1136) living inDchli. See the Oude Catalogue, p. 130.

The present copy is dated in the 28th yearof Muhammad Shah (A.H. 1158, A.D. 1745).

III. Eoll.92—111. .^JluUjîy,a treatise on the attributes of God as ex¬pressed by His names.

Author: Bayazid [B.J Ibrahim, f&\j>\ JîV-Beg. oîs- j* \£>\ ^ 0"V"j U*^* <4 ^The work is divided into several sections

called 'ixijK. The present copy appears tobe of the 16th century.



long, and 38 lines in the margins; writtenin fair Nestalik, with 'Unvan and gold-ruledmargins, apparently in the 16th century.

[Wm. Yule.]I. Foil. 3—583. Divan i Shams i Tabriz.

See p. 593 a.

Beg. \^\> i&yj ^SiLe- \j ^.Us ^\^ JpV^jy J3 J^y* ji

At the end of the alphabetical series ofGhazals are found some Tarji'-bands, fol.552 b, and a few Ruba'is, fol. 578 b.

The margins, which form a consecutivetext, contain:—

II. Foil. 3—151. The Divan of Sana'I(see p. 551 a), with a prose preface beginning:w b ^ tiJb ^ *f \j ^.VL- 3 o«U~>

The author states that he had been inducedto collect his poem by the instances of hisfriend, Ra'is Ahmad B. Mas'ud.

The Divan begins on fol. 12 a, with a longKasidah, the first line of which is• • 7

jîij i^/Sji- (jliLllfr ij\ (_JA»

J? yip?* i/ 1 ^>This poem is quoted by Daulatshah, fol.

50 o, and in the Haft Iklim, fol. 132.

III. Foil. 155—166. Some Ghazals byAmir Sayyid 'AIT Hamadani, who uses both'Ali and 'Ala'i as his takhallus. See p. 447 b.

Beg. JU* JU j\ C^bjLc y\j3iJ ^\

JU* cî?-) j\ ]j Cs5j>*>-

IV. Foil. 166—181. Ghazals by SayyidMuhammad Nurbakhsh, who has beenalready mentioned, p. 650.

Beg. jb b3J^ju> cx-Ojj |-r , ^JAt the end are some Ruba'is, fol. 175 b,

and Masnavis, fol. 176 b.

V. Foil. 187—319. The Divan of Kasim iAnvar. See p. 635 b.

vol. U.

Add. 16,800.Foil. 63; 5| in. by 3 ; 11 lines, If in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with two'Unviins and gold-ruled margins, apparentlyin the 17th century. [Wm. Yule. J

I. Foil. 1—55. The third Daftar of Sil-silat uz-Zahab. See p. 644 b.

II. Foil. 56—63. " Jamiliyyah," atract, in Masnavi rhyme, on the filiation ofthe Nakshabandi order.

Beg. ^y-J j jjo^jJk bi- tj jd ^\J-£

The author, whose name does not appear,enumerates five successive heads of the orderfrom Khwajah Ahrar, who died A.H. 895,to his own time. From this it may be con¬jectured that he wrote in the latter half ofthe 11th century of the Hijrah. The titleis contained in the following line at the end:

^y*y* (_r"i/^ {fa* ij>} & Côb&Sir Gore Ouseley's name is written on thefirst page of the MS.

Add. 16,806.Foil. 89 ; 9£ in. by 5f; written by various

hands, apparently in India, in the 17th and18th centuries. [Wm. Yule.]

I. Foil. 1—18. (jW-oN "--'^j an Arabic-Persian vocabulary. See p. 504 a.

II. Foil. 19—69. A portion of the Divanof Hafiz, extending from letter (ji to ^.

III. Foil. 70—77. An extract headed

j ÎLi j ^>^)jii j& o and begin¬ning with an anecdote relating to AnisiShamlu, a poet who lived at the court of'Ali Kuli Khan, governor of Herat, and diedin Burhanpur, A.H. 1014 (see Blochmann,Ain i Akbari, p. 578). It consists chieflyof Mukatta'at by Ibn Yamin (Amir Fakhrud-Din Mahmud of Faryumad, who diedA.H. 745 ; see Taki, Oude Catalogue, p. 18),

3 e

d

82G MANUSCK1PTS OF MIXED CONTENTS.

and of miscellaneous anecdotes classed underthe headings of modesty, meekness, justice,beneficence, patience, and love.

IV. Foil. 78—89. Tarik 5 of Kism I. ofthe Tuhfat ul-Muminm (see p. 476 b).

The volume bears the stamp of GeneralClaud Martin (see p. 2 a).

Add. 16,819.Foil. 217; 9i in. by 6£; from 21 to 24

lines, 4| in. long; written in Shikastah-amiz,about A.H. 1152 (A.D. 1739). [Wm. Yule.]

I. Foil. 1—4. Extracts from Akhliik iMansiiri ^*ai* J^, by Mir Ghiyas. ud-DinMansur.

The author was the son of the celebratedphilosopher Mir Sadr ud-Din Muhammad ofShiraz. He held for some time the office ofSadr under Shah Tahmfisp, but resigned itin consequence of his orthodoxy having beenimpugned by the Mujtahid Shaikh 'All B.'Abd ul-'Al, and retired to Shiraz, where hedied A.H. 948, leaving numerous philo¬sophical and scientific works enumerated inthe Majalis ul-Muminin, fol. 380.

The contents have been stated in theJahrbiicher, vol. 81, Anzeige Blatt, p. 29,and in the Vienna Catalogue, vol. iii.p. 292.

II. Foil. 5—54. Majlis 4—11 of Abvabul-Jinan, W UU an ethical work basedon the Coran and the moral precepts of theImams, by Mirza Muhammad RafT VaizKazvlni, who died about A.H. 1105; seep. 698 a.

The work, which is divided into a Mukad-dimah and sixteen Majlis, has been litho¬graphed in Teheran A.H. 1274, and inLucknow 1868. The edited portion, how¬ever, is described by the author at the endas forming the first only of eight Babs, whichthe entire work, according to its title, wasintended to comprise. In the former of the

above editions the preface contains a eulogyupon the reigning sovereign Shah 'Abbas II.(A.H. 1052—1077). The present fragmentcorresponds to pp. 52—189 of the Teheranedition.

A copy is described, without author'sname, in the Vienna Catalogue, vol. iii.p. 293.

III. Foil. 55—73. Nikat i Mirza Bidil;see p. 745 b.

IV. Foil. 81—86. Lavii'ih by Jam!; seep. 44 o.

V. Foil. 89—95. Yjj*c, the book ofthe Mirza, or perfect gentleman, containingrules of good manners.

Beg. llil ^6 \j <w>U Iji- ^yA (_JJSThe work, which is anonymous, was appa¬

rently written in India.

VI. Foil. 97—149. A collection of lettersand other compositions in ornate prose,without title or preface.

The author's name, Muhammad KhalilJi^ occurs incidentally on foil. 136 a,147 a ; and it appears from another passage,fol. 116 b, that his takhallus was i^as-Uj, andhis surname (lakab) } s2. Several letters ad¬dressed by him to Zib un-Nisa Begam, theeldest daughter of Aurangzib, seem to showthat he was attached to that princess'sservice. There is also one written to herbrother, Shahzadah Muhammad A'zam, fol.142 a, and another to Aurangzib's headsecretary, Mulla Makhdum Fazil Khan, fol.147 a. That amir received the title of Khiinin A.H. 1095, and died in 1099. See Maagirul-Umara, fol. 406. The letter addressed tohim must have been written between thosetwo dates.

VII. Fol. 150. Copy of a letter writtenby Shahjahan to Shah 'Abbas I. at the timeof his reconciliation with Jahangir and hisreturn to Mandu (A.H. 1032).

VIII. Poll. 153—155. «*U olEJW, a shortexposition in Masnavi rhyme of the Muham-madan creed, probably by Jami (see Biblio-theca Sprenger., No. 591—3).

Beg. Jû, (J1a>o j a-»>- j,xj

J^fS \j ii£> w j\ ^jjb

IX. Poll. 175—180. Medical advice, inverse, by Yiisufi. See p. 475 b.

Beg. Tjii ^♦C J <5j\ ^jsS ^\

The last couplet contains the date ofcomposition, A.H. 913, expressed by thewords

The rest of the volume is occupied byshort poetical pieces, Persian and Hindu¬stani, and miscellaneous notices relating tomedicine, the interpretation of dreams, andastrology.

Add. 16,821.Poll. 131; 7 in. by 4}; 15 lines, 2§ in.

long; written in small Shikastak-amiz, pro¬bably in India, in the 17th century.

[Wm. Yule.]

I. Poll. 2—99. OWN SU£»\ (see p. 594 b),with copious marginal notes.

II. Poll. 100—131. dWÎ z jZ>, a com¬mentary by Jami on Sufi. Ruba'is.

Beg. y> *W \&+>-&.f- Oî w> (jiNy

The author, who gives his name at theend, states in the preface that in his Ruba'ison the nature of God and on His variousmanifestations he had been prevented, bythe necessities of rhyme and metre, fromgiving his thoughts their due development,and had therefore deemed it desirable to addsome explanations in prose. See the OudeCatalogue, p. 447, and the St. PetersburgCatalogue, p. 373.

Add. 16,824.Poll. 266; 9^ in. by 6; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Zulhijjah,A.H. 1215 (A.D. 1801). [Wm. Yule.J

I. Poll. 1-92. W IH$! ioyu j J-j3An exposition of the Sunni creed.Author: Abd ul-Hakk B. Saif ud-Dln ut-

Turk ud-Dihlavi ul-Bukhari, iJL-> ^ d~s-jjgjW^ jj^jJI (see p. 14 a).

Beg. l&t^ 1 'V" ^* <-?^ Â copy is mentioned in the Munich Cata¬

logue, p. 128.A Hindustani translation, entitled Sabil

ul-Jinan, has been published in India.II. Poll. 93—108. A treatise on the use

of the quadrant, e- <*-j, JL»j^j<iAuthor: Nur (B.) Siraj,

Beg. ts-o> ^ J[£ } cs-o.V ^

It is divided into an introduction, nineteenBabs, and a Khatimah.

III. Poll. 109—165. The history of ShirShah, by 'Abbas Khan (sec p. 242 b), with apreamble, which dhTers from the copy abovedescribed.

Beg. \j Siji jjjJla- >_^J&\} >U> (J«*i?- j»

A doxology of four lines is followed bythis heading:

j\ jy» Slul jXut Oila)u*» J\)»-l j$Oj<> fj*** &HjA>

IV. Poll. 166—239. A cosmographicalwork already described. See p. 417 «, ii.

V. Poll. 240—246. Chronological sketchof the Sultans of Dehli from the Muslimconquest to Shah 'Alam.

VI. Foil. 247—254. An account of thecourse of the river Gomati, by Path Chand,son of Udit Rai, a Kayath of Balgram.

Beg. ^1 <wj x+>- j\ j.oThis work was written, as stated in the

3 e 2

preamble, in A.H. 1180, at the request of aChristian priest, only designated as PadreSahib.

VII. Foil. 255—266. a treatiseon the technical terms of Ilindu pantheismand their equivalents in Sufi phraseology.

Author: Dara Shikuh, »j&> ^ta

Beg. <^s> J* t&\ j.Ujtfj ciV" ^

In a preface found in another copy, Add.18,404, ii., the author says that he hadembraced the doctrine of the Sufis, and that,having ascertained in his intercourse withHindu Eaklrs that their divergence from theformer was merely verbal, he had writtenthe present work with the object of recon¬ciling the two systems. He completed it,as stated at the end, in A.H. 1065, when hewas forty-two years old. See the MunichCatalogue, p. 140.

Add. 16,825.Eoll. 47 ; 8J in. by 5£ ; 7 and 9 lines,

about 3 in. long ; written in Nestalik, appa¬rently in the 17th century. [Wm. Yule.]

I. Eoll. 1—9. Eorty sayings of Muham¬mad, with the Persian paraphrase of Jami.See p. 17 a.

II. Eoll. 10—39. Risalah i Khwajah 'AbdUllah Ansari (see p. 35 a) ; dated Zulhijjah,A.H. 1048 (A.D. 1639).

III. Eoll. 40—47- A religious tract, theauthor of which designates himself, as in thepreceding, by the name of lAbd Ullah.

Beg. yil J*° J~*±> U»J.*SM C£U~>il**>\ J*ai

It is endorsed (J6- ^ '^j- Seep. 447 b.

Add. 16,832.Eoll. 442; 11 in. by 6|; 19 lines, 3f in.

long; written in Naskhi, Nestalik, and Shi-

kastah-amlz, from A.H. 1165 to 1174 (A.D.1751—1761). [Wm. Yule.]

Sufi and Shi'ah tracts, in Arabic and Per¬sian, collected and transcribed by Sayyid AliNakI Khan B. Sayyid Abu Talib ul-Husainiul-Mashhadi, who dates successively fromRadauli, Lucknow, Eaizabad, Ilahabad, Ah-madnagar, Eathpur, Shahjahanabad, andLucknow.

On fol. 7 is an autograph note of the poetHazin (see p. 372 b), stating that he hadperused this valuable collection on thefifteenth of Rajab, A.H. 1172, and had givenit the name of ai*)! ^\^>\.

Eoll. 2—4 contain some verses of anotherpoet, Matin (who died A.H. 1175; see theOude Catalogue, p. 487), the last of whichis a chronogram on the birth of a son of thecollector, dated Ilahabad, A.H. 1172.

A table of contents has been prefixed by'Ali Naki Khan on fol. 7 b.

I. Eoll. 8—22. ^jlJU J ^\ ja.,a treatise, in eight Bahs, on God and Hisattributes, man's free will, and future life, byMahmud Shabistari (see p. 608 b, and Haj.Khal., vol. iii. p. 79).

Beg. j>\JiL\ ^ j J^.j*jt j^«*H tftII. Eoll. 22—24. ^lk~j j^b oV^j, let¬

ters on Sufi subjects, ascribed to BayazidBastami (Abu Yazid Taifur, who died A.H.261; see Ibn Khallikan's translation, vol. i.p. 662, Nafahat ul-Uns, p. 62, and Majalisul-Murninin, fol. 287).

III. Eoll. 24—34. Commentary of Jalalud-Dln DavanI (see p. 442 b) on a Ghazal ofHafiz, beginning:

J\sJ^ y>- e:—^Uo ji, *♦» j*

IV. Eoll. 34—62. Commentary of Jamion the mystic poem of Ibn Eariz. Seep. 808, Add. 7649, ii.

V. Eoll. 62—73. Jamfs Lava'ih. See p. 44a.

VI. Eoll. 73—77. »r* cj&, ten observa-

tions on man considered as a manifesta¬tion of God, by Ni'mat Ullah Vali (seep. 634 b).

Beg. tdyrj y^L^ *^VII. Poll. 77—81. .a Sufi tract

in thirteen sections called 'Asrar,' by thesame author.

Beg. U^f*- j f\s+*j)

YIII. Poll. 81—86. i^ristf) Srfli acommentary upon the Fatihah, by the same.

Beg. ^Vi^^yb u^jJjjy all J-*^

IX. Poll. 86—105. Â&fj! a tractaddressed to the doctors of the Law, rebukingthem for their hatred of Darvishes, by Sadrud-Din Muhammad ush-Shiriizi.

Beg. OuJj-» \j ijfitjjjl ^-^^ t_r^-»j u - ^"Mulla Sadr ud-Din Muhammad B. Ibra¬

him Shirazi, commonly called Mulla Sa¬dr a, a pupil of Mir Bakir Damad, is re¬garded in Persia as the most eminent phi¬losopher of his time. He died in Basrah, onhis way to Mecca, in A.H. 1050. See Zinatut-Tavarikh, fol. 554, and Gobineau, Reli¬gions de l'Asie, p. 84. He is often con¬founded with Mir Sadr ud-Din Muhammad B.Mir Ghiyas.ud-Din Mansur Shirazi, an earlierphilosopher and theologian. The latter, bornin Shiraz A.H. 828, was slain, as stated inthe Majalis ul-Muminin, by the BayandariTurkomans. A.H. 903.

X. Poll. 105—133. s-ajASJ) olijljll, anArabic tract by the same writer; see theArabic Catalogue, p. 401.

XI. Poll. 133—137. the ten rulesof contemplative life, by Amir Sayyid 'AliHamadani (see p. 447 b).

Beg. ^^Jj^jjA J*^-^ <J^> jIt is evidently translated, but without

acknowledgment, from the Arabic work ofNajm ud-DTn Kubra, which is found furtheron, foil. 342—344 (see the Arabic Catalogue,p. 401, viii.).

XII. Poll. 137—145 ^y* jW> a Sufitract, by Baba Afzal ud-Din Kashi.

Beg. L-jbu-Oll ^r*x~* j <-->Vj^ «—>j J*-**Âfzal ud-Din Muhammad, of Kashan,

a renowned Sufi and poet, is mentioned inthe Atashkadah, fol. 107, as a contemporaryof Nasir ud-Din Tusi, who composed versesin his praise, and who was, according to theRiyaz ush-Shuara, fol. 13, his sister's son.He died, as stated by Taki Kashi, OudeCatalogue, p. 17, A.H. 707. The followingworks are ascribed to him in the Haft Iklim,

fol. 384: JUÎ M U ^\ %Jt wli ^bjVi**U (jbf-, and «*U Hi!, the first three ofwhich are noticed by Haj. Khal., vol. v.p. 469, vol. iii. p. 515, vol. ii. p. 582. Thestory of his having been carried away toGhaznin by Sultan Mahmiid Ghazi, which isrelated in the same work, and would makehim three centuries earlier, must refer toanother person. The Ruba is of Afzal Kashiare mentioned in Ouseley's Catalogue,No. 90.

The present tract is avowedly derived fromthe Kimiyai Saadat of Ghazali, a workwritten about A.H. 500. See p. 37 «.

XIII. Poll. 146—162. U>\j&\ i_iWy, atreatise on spiritual life, by Muhammad B.Muhammad B. Hasan ut-Tusi (Nasir ud-Din;see p. 525 6).

Beg. Jjjas-^fc J Ij^^jbÛajoÛ-*The author wrote it, as stated in the pre¬

face, some time after his Akhlak i Nasiri(see p. 441 6), by desire of the Sahib Divan,Muhammad B. Baha ud-Din Muhammad ul-Juvaini.

See Stewart's Catalogue, p. 44, No. 80, andFleischer, Dresden Catalogue, No. 348.

XIV. Poll. 163—296. *iy£ cÛtf, onehundred sayings of Imams and Sufis, inArabic, with comments in Persian prose andverse.

Author: Muhammad B. Murtaza, calledMuhsin, (ir~sf*J- u s ±+3?

Beg. «uo5j\ J J J/^ «D t+J)

Muhsin, of Kashau, whose original namewas Muhammad B. Murtaza, and poeticalsurname Eaiz u iM, was a disciple of MullaSadra (see ahove, art. ix.), who gave himhis daughter in marriage. He was calledfrom Kashan to Isfahan, in A.H. 1067, byShah 'Abbas II., who took great delight inhis society. He followed his celebratedmaster in the attempt of reconciling Sufismwith orthodoxy, and wrote no less thanseventy-six works and tracts on theologicalsubjects, besides a Divan of ten thousandlines. He died in Kashan after A.H. 1090.See Zinat ut-Tavarikh, fol. 554, Kisas ul-Khakani, fol. 156, Riyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol.346, Atashkadah, fol. 110, and Gobineau,Religions de l'Asie, p. 91.

The date of composition, A.H. 1057, iaexpressed by the title.

XV. Poll. 296—303. j-mj, a tracton the presence of God in man.

Author: Sayyid Ja'far ur-Ruhi un-Ni'mat-ullahl, ^j-ÎM iS"})^ j"*^

Beg. Jj^ y> p£N ^ y> V\ «N t «MThe date of composition, A.H. 1152, is

conveyed in a chronogram at the end. Thecollector, 'AH NakI Khan, says that he hadmet the author both before and after thatdate.

At the end is a commentary by the samewriter upon three Sufi, verses of Shaikh Abdul-Kaddus Ganguhi (an Indian saint, nativeof Gangu, who died A.H. 945; see Akhbarul-Akhyar, fol. 177).

XVI. Poll. 303—319. A tract on resur¬rection and future life, by Nasir ud-DinTusi (see art. xiii.).

Beg. <s\ ±*> UjjIj £jJ V

This work, which is designated in the pre¬face as i/si, is headed M-\ 5 j\e-~. It isdivided into twenty chapters (Easl).

XVII. Foil. 322—330. Refutation ofa work entitled UaA5\ commonly knownas jjZ* u±f-, in which the author, Abdul-'Aziz, advocated the paramount claims ofAbu Bakr and 'Umar to the Khiliifat.

Author : Ghulam Muhyu-d-Din B. Ghu-lam Ashraf, poetically surnamed Rif'at,

£**ij> <->j^ \j> LFi*?

Beg. jJii L*\ ,^JUM <-~>j M j^J^

(jjjtjjl f&t- Âfl*

In the table the work is called ^j,J>J«ll iys-

XVIII. Eoll. 330—344. Three Arabictracts; see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 401,articles vi.—viii.

XIX. Eoll. 344—360. JUCJ\ aSufi work in eight sections called ,j^>\J^.

Author: Baba Afzal Kiishl.

Beg. j»iy jb^ ^ Jjî jSjlifWThe author states that this is a translation

of the work written in Arabic by himselfunder the same title. See above, art. xii.

XX. Eoll. 360—368. u^J^lyt moral,and religious precepts, by the Imam Mu¬hammad Ghazfill (see p. 37 a).

Beg. jC^s- jlyb u_>_jl£M ^La* ^\ <0J s+J^

XXI. Eoll. 368—378. yj* JU,, atract on necessity and free will, in tenchapters, by Nasir ud-Din Tusi.

Beg. <_->U»i})\ j vVj^ i—jj *J3

XXII. Eoll. 378—381. An Arabic tracton the same subject.

XXIII. Eoll. 381—391. A metaphysi¬cal tract on consciousness and cognition,

headed ^4\tJt in three chapters, byBaba Afzal Kiishi (see above, art. xii.).

Beg. al^jLi* j &Jj _j ^J' nLo\ <rtJXXIV. Foil. 391—415. See the Arahic

Catalogue, p. 401, art. ix.

XXV. Foil. 415—442. «U u bjU, ametaphysical tract on self-knowledge and onthe beginning and end of being, in fourchapters, by Baba Afzal Kashi (see above,art. xii.).

Beg. ^ ... ^aJIaJI i—Jj rfllUj!

The margins, which form a consecutiveseries, contain :—

XXVI. Foil. 9—38. Gulshan i Raz;see p. 608 b.

XXVII. Foil. 38—83. Zad ul-Musafirin;see p. 608 a.

XXVIII. Foil. 83—95. Nan u Halva,by Baha ud-Din ul-'Amili; see p. 679 a.

XXIX. Foil. 95—100. /£ 3 jxl, " Milkand Sugar," a Sufi, poem by the same, with ashort prose preface.

Beg. *j->)* j-^S ^^3 f51* '^j ^

It is mentioned among Baha ud-Din'sworks in the Atashkadah.

XXX. Foil. 102 a—229. Arabic poemsand tracts ; see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 402,artt. x.—xxvi.

XXXI. Foil. 230—241. A commentaryupon the Lama'at of Fakhr ud-Din 'Iraki(see p. 594 b).

Beg. jl ^jiji e^\j Jj3j> ijfcjjk«> j o-U-»The commentary is called in the subscrip¬

tion oWll yo. In another copy, Add.16,839, fol. 56, the author's name is given.It is Sa'in ud-Din 'AH Tarikah (see p. 42 a),and the date of composition, stated at the end,is A.H. 815. See Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 335.

XXXII. Foil. 242—296. Arabic tracts;see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 403, artt. xxvii.—xxxiii.

Add. 16,837.Foil. 510; 12| in. by 7; 21 lines, 4 in.

long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins ; apparently in the17th century. [Wm. Yule.]

A large collection of Sufi tracts, several ofwhich bear the name of the celebrated saintand prolific Sufi writer, Shah Ni'mat UllahVali (see p. 634 b), whose life is also inserted,foil. 339—354. It may be presumed thatthose which are anonymous are due to thesame author.

I. Foil. 1—24. A tract without title or

author's name, endorsed ^j'xk)\ and con¬sisting of Sufi comments, in prose and verse,on detached verses of the Coran. It beginswith the first verse of the Surat ul-Fath,or chap, xlviii., V3ul*« \i& til) lis5 s lit, which isfollowed by an exposition of three kinds of^yi, or revelations.

II. Foil. 25—59. A commentary on theLama'at of Fakhr ud-Din 'Iraki (see p. 594 b).

Beg. jW cy\jJ^ *V*r *rj j}> i/^ ^ J**^Passages of the text marked with the let¬

ter ^ (i.e. J^f-) alternate with commentsdistinguished by the letter w (i.e. JL»«o).

III. Foil. 61—100. A commentary on aportion of the Fusus ul-Hikam of Muhyi ud-Din Ibn ul-'Arabi (see Haj. Khal., vol. iv.p. 424).

Beg. W L>j-> *&>..)e uii3L-« dl)U« <J\ftftjJia- Jfc!

IV. Foil. 101—118. Explanation of somedifficult verses in the same work.

Beg. &\ J~\ \» . . . ijUM, *A) ±+J\p\

V. Poll. 119—128. Another commentaryupon the same work, endorsed J^yr

{JOyOi O^y^ -*

Beg. j\ iiy j\ ij^-**- .. . «W ix»s^

VI. Poll. 129—168. A Persian para¬phrase of the Istilahat us-Sufiyyah of Kamalud-Din 'Abd ur-Razzak Kashi, endorsed

^JX jl |jJ\ ^\ Jl/ k-Jj oU5lkol,see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 400 a.

Beg. ij&f*^ <—*»-\)CJj*cl>-o-^s* t_s-J o»»^-»

Ove^ (jo'î-

Prom the concluding lines it appears thatthe work had been written down from thedictation of Ni'mat Ullah.

VII. Poll. 169—175. A Sufi tract, withthe heading iyrj J^j^ «5L»,

Beg. jflaS J U dyp-jV\ >l J\S .. . «D ^J 1

VIII. Poll. 176—180. A tract on variouskinds of knowledge, endorsed ulA^*«.

Beg- U5b" ^>j^> J^-*5 «W Jb' •.. *U

$**\ JIX. Poll. 181—189. A metrical para¬

phrase of the Sufi aphorisms, ciA^j, of Imam'Abd Ullah Yafi'i, by his disciple Ni'mat Ul¬lah Vali, with the heading (.U eiA*»y

aAM

Beg. $f V*V> a/ utots- ^ ... «U\j±. ^Jlkn

X. Poll. 190—191. The treatise of thesoul, tj-ai aJL»,

Beg- SjU^l (j-aJI ^1JU3 «JJ1 Jtf... <d) ^XI. Foil. 122—196. Masnavis of Shah

Ni'mat Ullah. The first has the heading(jty»> and begins:

j jHj i_JU» ^j\^> fj\i_.*U» iJji- jl U—J u^KJtla^

XII. Poll. 198-206.*-5^«»>,

Short tracts en¬

dorsed : jji Ûc «*U Ojliol-riA Jj l?>V l—*-5^j> j»i cuô jJImj,

XIII. Poll. 207—211. A treatise on theconventional terms of the Sufis, by Shaikh'Iraki (see p. 594 b), Jfye &Jyo oli^"

Beg. ti)^^ ^^jt&yry <^y*\**> j

XIV. Foil. 212—246. Tracts endorsed:

v__ftjllai Jj^' J (3iH^ j"3 *!^j>

LdJjU ^»j<> JjA ^Jj ^ J t*1 ^r- 3 ^-y>

au»-jj> j»l<i\ «-r'\j>- j J^> ^=> J^-», luUUusI,jJi^ji (jj^Wl gi,

XV. Fol. 247. Filiation of the Fakir'scloak of Ahmad Shah, »U> iij>-

Ahmad Shah Bahmani, who reigned A.H.825—838, had sent a deputation to Ni'matUllah Vali with the request to be admittedas one of his disciples. See Firishtah,vol. i. p. 433.

XVI. Poll. 248—256. A tract entitledC->ULaa2 sJImj.

Beg. sSjyO ^ w Lj*J\ jli- g?^ & Sji-

XVII. Foil. 257—264. Answers of ShaikhMuhyi ud-Din Ibn ul-'Arabi to the questionsof 'All Hakim Tirmizi, ^ c^W* 1 t-r , ^ !?"<ji>*j>p£>-, translated from the Arabic.

XVIII. Foil. 270—276. anexposition of the Sufi doctrine, by Ni'matUllah.

Be g- J* w*" • • • ^ ^XIX. Foil. 281—291. Commentary upon

the Istilahat of Kamal ud-Din. See above,art. vi.

Beg. w bLJ Ol»iUa^\j

XX. Foil. 318—323. A tract entitled

ij~*>- 0^}i!> j\f M'$\

Beg. (-?^^ ^

MANUSCRIPTS OE MIXED CONTENTS. 833

XXI. Eoll. 332-335. Answers to thequestions of Sultan Sikandar, ulj> j& JL^,jJOt£*U ÛaLrt (^l^l^yM*.

Mirza Iskandar, son of TJmar Shaikh, heldthe government of Ears and Kirman underShahrukh from A.H. 812 to 816.

XXII. Eoll. 339—354. Life of ShahNi'matUllah Vali, ^J3 <dM »U» Cjjas>* l-^'Uv*

Author: 'Abd ul-'Aziz B. Shir Mulk B.Muhammad Va'izi, ^ till* jx^, ^ j>j^>\ ±*s-

JaC-lj

Beg. cjô»- jo o - ^* j Lr^.^*- j l^V"It is dedicated to 'Ala ud-Din Ahmad Shah

B. Ahmad Shah Vali Bahmani (see art. xv.),who reigned from A.H. 838 to 862.

XXIII. Eoll. 463—473. A tract entitled" Revelations," oliJAl* »JU,

Beg. b\ j* (ir» j "—^ ^ ^y^*- ^.XXIV. Eoll. 475—486. A tract on the

degrees of spiritual ecstasy, us>)\ t—*j]/>

Beg. j^.^s* **j 33* u*^ • • • ^ «^XXV. Eoll. 487—510. The conventional

terms of the Sufis s^ye ^Jîô\ by Kamalud-Din 'Abd ur-Razzak Kashi, in Arabic.See above, art. vi.

The remaining portions of the volumecontain upwards of sixty Sufi tracts, whichare mostly, if not all, by Ni'mat Ullah; theyare of too small extent and of too little im¬portance to be separately enumerated.

On fol. 256 is a note stating that the MS.had been thus far collated in Ramazan,A.H. 1090 (A.D. 1679).

Add. 16,839.Eoll. 360; 10£ in. by 6J; 28 lines, 4| in.

long; written in small Naskhi, apparentlyabout the close of the 17th century.

[War. Yule.]VOL. II.

I. Foil. 2—16. A treatise on the mysticmeaning of the letters composing the nameof Ji\> S+s?

Author: Muhammad Kasim B. 'Abd ul-

Kadir Tuni, jdsi\ sxz ^ **t\jl

Beg. oli jlai j)bIt is stated at the end to have been written

by the author in his native city Tun, whenhe was past fifty years of age.

II. Eoll. 16—31. j! O^b* l-jI^Tij\z>o\ sfy ,Je. ^jJI ss-lji. J^tf «_aJ^V->

Jos- b fS>j tjb\ic ^ tjJLs- b Jjifr Jj\j**} V |»/v?" J^6** ^ f*j »^>b* j»je**

j^JL** b ^Îc- jÛ*

Eive contests, or allegorical debates, by Sainud-Din lAli Tarikah (see p. 42 a), viz. betweenreason and love, opinion and reason, opinionand fancy, hearing and sight, lover andbeloved.

Beg. jJUM 'i>j> |»Qai ^\ dIII. Eoll. 32—62. Eight mystic tracts

by the same writer, viz. 1. On the dot,&kiu iJLw,. 2. On the meanings of letters,<_i,=- ftJL*,. 3. On the origin and end of being,iiUo j f\±+< aJLjj. 4. On capacity, *jibb' &JL»,.5. On three schools of Sufism, J\ } \>\ «JL*»,.6. On the end, JjSI dL*,. 7. On the splittingof the moon, j$ j-£» 8. Commentaryupon the Lama'at (see p. 831 b, art. xxxi.).

IV. Eoll. 62—66. Ji.j^, a tract inpraise of Muhammad and 'Ali, and a Kasidahin praise of Imam Riza, both by Mirza KasimTuni (see art. i.).

V. Eoll. 66—69. u±j*j "Healthand Disease," a Sufi tract by Euzuli.

VI. Eoll. 70—71. The fourth Easl ofKanz ul-'Ulum, treating of Simiya, in Arabic.See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 463 b.

VII. Eoll. 72—78. £s\>yry -Ul .JU,, a3 p

metaphysical tract on the categories ofbeings, by Nasir ud-Din TusI (see p. 525 b).

Beg. 6,J j^>\ . .. \JJ\ ÛaU JLs

^ j Lî^j?-_y<

VIII. Eoll. 78—84. jki^ J tj=ry> JU,, ashort treatise on logic by the same writer.

Beg. W.ijjj JU- j*J^^/H* jyA-j^

IX. Eoll. 84—90. by ShaikhMabmud Chabistari. See p. 828 a, Add.16832, i.

X. Eoll. 90—96. oUb ; ^L, a com-mentary by Jami on his Sufi Ruba'is. Seep. 827 a.

Beg. (JjHo- _ji> »h)

XL Eoll. 96—112. bj a com¬mentary by Jalal ud-Din Muhammad DavanI(see p. 442 6), on his Sufi Ruba'is.

Beg. jli 1 *W U*.>û* »^*o ^t** ^

XII. Eoll. 112—119. Arabic tracts. Seethe Arabic Catalogue, p. 454 a, iii., iv.

XIII. Poll. 119—121. Sufi Ruba'is bySalman, Mir Husaini, Jami, and MuhammadDihdiir (see p. 816 a).

XIV. Poll. 121—132. Arabic tracts ; seethe Arabic Catalogue, p. 454, artt. v.—vii.

XV. Poll. 132—145. A treatise oncrafts by Mir Abul-Kasim Pandarsaki. Seep. 815 b.

It is stated in the heading to have beentranscribed from a copy corrected by theauthor.

XVI. Poll. 145—151. Miscellaneous ex¬tracts, including one from the introductionof Jami's Nafahat ul-Uns, and an Arabictract. See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 454, ix.

XVII. Poll. 151—157. A tract on theMi'raj, ascribed to Abu 'AH Ibn Sina. Seep. 815 b.

XVIII. Poll. 157—166. Three Arabictracts by Ibn Sina, etc. See the ArabicCatalogue, p. 454, art. x.—xiii.

XIX. Poll. 166—170. a shortaccount of ancient sages and philosophers.

Beg. ^ s^\j^â~ (jijljk-» 3 t_>J-A«»

XX. Poll. 170—194. Porty Hadls (seethe Arabic Catalogue, p. 455, xiv.), and mis¬cellaneous extracts.

XXI. Poll. 194—201. Ausaf ul-Ashrafby Nasir ud-Din TusI. See p. 830 a, xiii.

XXII. Poll. 205—215. Translation of thesayings of Hermes the Great, " who is theprophet Idris," in thirteen chapters.

XXIII. Poll. 215—226. u-ai theBook of the Soul, in three Makalahs, pur¬porting to be translated from Aristotle.

Beg. ySiliS <J w Uji ^ylib .w^^J*d*»o^ j«y j i_j^>-

XXIV. Poll. 226—234. Madarij ul-Ka-mal. See p. 831 a, xix.

Beg. ijjjv jjjljii- .. . jj^JUM «D

^yr> 3 *yr

XXV. Poll. 234—238. atreatise on Sufism, in eight chapters (Easl).

Author: 'Aziz B. Muhammad un-Nasafi,Jl~jl\ j>j*

Beg. i_Ju*^ Juo Ul . . . «i)

L&flN îSli- j UjwiJlAccording to Haj. Khal., vol. vi. p. 90, the

work, originally written in Arabic, wastranslated by Kamal ud-Din Husain Khwa-razmi, who died A.H. 845. The present copydoes not contain any mention of the trans¬lator.

XXVI. Eoll. 238—249. Another tract on

the same subject, in six Biibs, without titleor author's name.

Beg. CL*ij*« <~iy&>J»>^ (i^ > ji Jj\,J\jo ^ji- Ob

XXVII. Foil. 249—297. Miscellaneousextracts, with short Sufi, and cabalistic trea¬tises.

XXVIII. Foil. 297—344. O^j*., a trea¬tise on the mystic meanings of the detachedletters in the Coran.

Author: Muhammad Bakir Damad, s+a?i>Ub Jib

Beg. pi? U^^. |J (jîP- fj^pMir Muhammad Bakir, a native of Astra-

bad, received the surname of Damad from hisfather Mir Shams ud-Din Damad, so calledas ' son-in-law' of the famous MujtahidShaikh 'Ali B. 'Abd ul-'Al. Having studiedin Mashhad, he rose to great eminence inall branches of philosophy and theology, andstood high in favour and influence at thecourt of Shah 'Abbas I. He died at anadvanced age in Najaf, A.II. 1040, a datefixed by a contemporary chronogram : o-j^caUb iOj« \j jj^.i> He left numerous works,such as \\ )o\j*>, ^S», ij^jio £ OllbUy, oVjuJ*', the present work,and others, besides some poetical compositionsin which he assumed the name of Ishrak.See 'Alam-arai, fol. 38, Eiyaz ush-Shu'ara,fol. 38, Mir'at ul-'Alam, fol. 121, Zinat ut-Tavarlkh, fol. 553, aud Haft Asman, fol. 154.

The work is divided into twelve preli¬minary chapters called and a largenumber of sections termed oUu*-

XXIX. Foil. 344—360. Arabic tracts.-See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 455, xix.and xx.



A collection of Sufi treatises, mostly bySayyid 'All Hamadani. See p. 447 b.

I. Foil. 2—153. Zakhirat ul-Muluk (seep. 447 b), wanting a few pages at the begin¬ning.

II. Foil. 154—156. A tract on contem¬plation, with the heading S^y <JL»j. It con¬sists chiefly of extracts from the writings ofSayyid 'Ali Hamadani.

III. Foil. 157—161. A notice on SayyidMuhammad Talakani and his spiritual pedi¬gree, by his disciple 'Ali Muhibbi, ^

(jj** 5'

The subject of the notice was a disciple ofMuhammad Nurbakhsh, who died A.H. 869.See p. 650 a.

IV. Foil. 161—169. Letters of Mir Say¬yid 'Ali Hamadani on spiritual subjects, withthe heading £j>by£* *)L»j.

Beg. jyo (jijiiJ j>,ss3 ^l^jjyo Xi

V. Foil. 169—171. Spiritual pedigree ofSharaf ud-Din Mahmud Mazdakani, theShaikh of Sayyid 'Ali Hamadani.

VI. Foil. 172—178. A tract on the Zikr,with the heading ^ ^ s\J} \ oUuj\

d>..^..^VII. Foil. 179—187. On the bodily and

moral features of man, c^-iyx^J~~>\ c^jiMt f

Beg. Cjyko- ijpbs ^> iÛJ j u-Vj Av>*Î»a5^»- jiLfl

VIII. Foil. 188—199. Ghazals by Sayyid'Ali Hamadani.

IX. Foil. 200—207. Rules to be observedby disciples and devotees, *—>b\ w bj j(s

lWo Cyas- yUJlls j8 1 2

X. Poll. 207—210. Answer of Sayyid'AH Hamadani to some questions relating tothe name of Hamadan.

XI. Eoll. 210—276. Eighteen short tractsby the same author, some of which haveheadings as follows: »jj^>\ cL>\jyJU,fol. 218.

'sJU,, fol. 223. tszXi t*, fol. 225. ^fol. 228. JStiJ fol. 230. ^\JL*

jlji^, fol. 235. fol. 243. *!Ujt-^jj*, fol. 248 »A».jSi fol. 254. ^j>^

fol. 262. J- CA fol. 268. «JU,fol. 270.

XI. Foil. 276—279. u-rtaft 3&e, rules ofSufi life, in seven Babs, by Najm ud-DinKubra.

This celebrated saint, a native of Khlvab,died, according to the Nafahat ul-Uns,p. 480, A.H. 618.

XII. Eoll. 279—299. Seven tracts bySayyid'Ali Hamadani, five of which have thefollowing headings: c^JUw, ^jya>- e.Aa- tiL*J,fol. 291. tlpA wki- siU,, fol. 292. JUj

fol. 292. fc«U *JU,, fol. 296.oUU *iL-,, fol. 298.

XIII. Eoll. 299—325. Three collectionsof Hadi§, in Arabic. See the Arabic Cata¬logue, p. 406, artt. i.—iii.

XIV. Foil. 326—347. A treatise on thereal nature of penitence, ioy JJ^*- j*> in fourBabs.

Beg. \j^+i£s- C^yaa- ,_^Vju«c U (_yUS jJol jj&\ta>

XV. Eol. 347—385. Two Arabic treatises.See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 406, artt. iv.and v.

XVI. Eoll. 385—389. A tract headed&5L>»j

Beg- Jj-i J fj*" J ^

XVII. Eoll. 389-395. A tract on intel¬lect, JSff, and its attributes, and on variousdegrees of capacity for the apprehension oftruth, in three Babs.

Beg- &£a \j pfa- Jo\3 ^Uj*> U ja*j£»\

J J

XVIII. Eoll. 395—399. yi-jMaHj--, atract on the duties of the Murid or disciple,according to the teaching of Sayyid 'AH, byBurhan B. 'Abd us-Samad.

Beg. J 3 \ j\±o\ Jjj jjjj> ^

XIX. Foil. 399—405. Three tracts, headed

wii/i dU,, »<J*l* »*>, and jiU-^ ^K-, the sameas above, art. xi.

XX. Eol. 405. (joyA&\ J*-, a Persiancommentary by Sayyid Ali on the Eusiis ul-Hikam (see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 406,art. vi.; and Haj. Khal., vol. iv. p. 426),slightly imperfect at the end.

Add. 16,851.Foil. 151; 101 i n . by 6 ; 19 lines, 4& in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Lahore,Sha'ban, A.H. 1114, and Sanbhal, Ramazan,A.H. 1115 (A.D. 1703-4). [Wm. Yule.]

I. Eoll. 2—92. J\*J\ ^bi., an alpha¬betical glossary to the letters of Abul-Eazl.See p. 396 a.

Author: Shaikh Muhammad 'Ali Fariiki,J^i J*

Beg. r ^LJ\j yudt, JU J^Jc «UThe work, which is dedicated to Jahanglr,

was completed, as stated in the preface, inA.H. 1035.

II. Eoll. 95—126. ^Hi., an alphabe¬tical glossary of Arabic words and phrasesin the Akhlak i Nasiri (see p. 441 b).

Author: 'Abd ur-Rahman B. \Abd ul-Ka-

rim'Abbasi Burlianpuri, ^\ ±& ^1 joc-UjuV^j

Beg. cyW^Ja^ j «jlA«5 ^"Ji ^—*—Jj^ j*—*

An appendix called ^5 ( uJi, foil. 121—126, contains a translation of the Arabicpassages in the order of the text. Thedate of composition, A.H. 1085, is foundin another copy, Or. 1913.

III. Poll. 127—141. A versified Arabic-Persian vocabulary, without title or author'sname.

Beg. ^t-AlaJ j (tr°^ ^wto fb* M & e^i3 j^-

The author groups together, quite irre¬spective of their meaning, such words as havethe same final letter, or present similarcombinations of dotted or undotted letters.

IV. Poll. 143—151. «JU,, atreatise on archery, in Masnavi rhyme.

Beg. wU» jj^jl^-According to a short preamble the tract

had been originally written in prose by a mancalled Shahbaz jV^j for the Shahzadah, sonof the sovereign of Irac, J\f J\j i>\y> io\ji\Zt

Add. 16,855.Poll. 22 ; 94 in. by 7£; written in Nes-

talik, in the latter part of the 18th century.[Wm. Yule.]

I. Poll. 1—15. An account of the Indiancoins, their weights and legends, from theearliest times to Shah 'Alam, in tabular form,with some drawings.

Beg. J&rj »V j> jSI u±Jja.'>

It is dedicated to the Vazir Shuja* ud-Dau-lah, and was written, as stated on fol. 13 b,A.H. 1186.

II. Poll. 16—22. A short sketch of NadirShah's history down to his return from Indiato Persia (A.H. 1052).

Beg. ^jj^-jUa-l ^\ <j3 \j j*X> J\js-1 J>'bjJioL* Ji J

Add. 16,859.Poll. 166; 8 in. by 5£; 15 lines, 4 in.

long; written in Shikastah-amiz ; dated Ju-miida II., in the 34th year of 'Alamgir(A.H. 1102, A.D. 1690). [Wm. Ytjle.]

I. Foil. 1—127. Letters of KhanjahanSayyid Muzaffar Khan.

Beg. x^ip^s- ^fjuf tjjSi p^p^j \j^L\dJ>je-

The first letters, foil. 1—25, are addressedto the emperor (Shahjahan), and relatechiefly to engagements with the Bondelahchief Prithlraj, about A.H. 1049 ; the othersare written to various amirs and privatepersons.

Sayyid Muzaffar Khan, of Barhah, after¬wards Khanjahan, held the post of Governorof Gwalior from the accession of Shahjahan tohis own death, which happened in A.H. 1055.See Maagir ul-Umara, fol. 184.

II. Foil. 128—137. A notice on RajahJagat Singh, son of Rajah Basil, and Zamin-dar of Mau and Pathan, Panjab, relatingchiefly to the expedition sent against him,under command of Khanjahan Sayyid Mu¬zaffar Khan, in the 15th year of Shahjahan'sreign (A.H. 1051-2).

Beg. wj^^jo i>5Li«j j JV-^j'The author, who had been attached to the

expedition of Khanjahan as official news-writer (see fol. 130 b), states at the end thatJagat Singh was then in the districts ofKandahar and Bust engaged in keepingdown the rebels.

Jagat Singh died shortly after, A.H. 1055.See Maasir ul-Umara, fol. 257 b.


III. Toll. 137—146.

«A;>iy, an account of Jhojhar Singh Bonde-lah, Rajali of Uncliah, by Shaikh Jalal Hi-siiri.

Beg. cJjii i^c jij / tJ-\y* _j gS>j «W

This notice begins with a sketch of Jhojhar'spredecessors, and in particular of his fatherBarsingh Deo, the murderer of Abulfazl, andof the early career of Jhojhar. It dwellschiefly on the expedition sent against him byShahjahan under command of Sayyid Khan¬jahan, which ended in his overthrow anddeath, A.H. 1044.

See the account of that campaign in thePadishah Namah, ii., p. 94, and tbe life ofJhojhar Singh in Maasjr ul-Umara, fol. 251,and Tazkirat ul-Umara, fol. 136. CompareThornton, East India Gazetteer, under 1 Oor-cha and Bundelcund.'

IV. Poll. 140—166. a historyof Gwaliyor from its origin to A.H. 1055, bythe same author.

Beg. ^* t!> c^yS» ii3j^^i-^>\>o iWa-

The author states at the end, fol. 160 a,that he had spent his life as secretary in theservice of Sayyid Muzaffar Khan, entitledKhanjahan, who had been in command ofGwaliyor from the beginning of Shahjahan'sreign to the time of writing, viz. the 16thyear of Shahjahan, corresponding to A.H.1050. (The date is wrong; for the 16th yearof Shahjahan began in JumadalL, A.H. 1052).

In the preface, foil. 146 b —148 a, the au¬thor, after mentioning the most remarkablebuildings erected at various times in Gwa¬liyor, and the holy men who dwelt there,states that he had taken the present accountfrom a Hindi work, in which an old Brahmancalled Siyam had written down the local tra¬ditions.

At the end is found a subsequent addition,foil. 160—166, in which the author records

the death of Khanjahan in A.H. 1055, andthe appointment of his successors SayyidSalar and Sayyid 'Alim. This is followed byan account of the assassination of SalabatKhan by Amar Singh, a Rathor Rajput, inA.H. 1054.

It has been already noticed, p. 304 a, thata later history of Gwaliyor, by Iliraman, hasbeen almost entirely transcribed from thepresent work.

Add. 16,863.Poll. 430; 6f in. by 4£; 18 lines, 2| in.

long; written in small Nestalik, dated Hugli,Rabi 1 1., A.H. 1123 (A.D. 1711).

[¥m. Ytjle.]

I. Poll. 1—83. y*j> y^jWl " The f0Urparterres of Barahman (Chandarbhan)," ormemoirs of the author's life and time, withspecimens of his poetical compositions. Seep. 397 b.

Beg. ^bli j Jjl ^ji^J

The work was written shortly after A.H.1057; the restitution of Balkh to Nazr Mu¬hammad, which took place at that date, ismentioned, fol. 54 b, as a recent transaction.It is divided into four Chamans. The firstcontains descriptions of various festivals atCourt, with pieces of poetry recited by theauthor on those occasions. The second, fol.17 b, describes the splendours of the Court,the daily occupations of Shahjahan, his newcapital Shahjahanabad, and the principalcities and Subahs of the empire. The third,fol. 55 a, contains the author's life and someof his letters. The fourth, fol. 71 b, dealswith moral and religious thoughts.

Another copy, Or. 1892, contains an addi¬tional introduction.

II. Poll. 84—103. J*ia!l #\ OUjj,,familiar letters of Abul-Pazl to friends, col-

lected and edited, with a short preface, byhis nephew, Nur Muhammad (see p. 792 a).

Beg. jojlji- cj,^» US _j j\ sjoOblla*M

They have been printed in Calcutta, A.H.1238. See also the Copenhagen Catalogue,p. 26.

III. Foil. 103—119. Complimentary let-ters, mostly addressed to men of rank inBengal.

IV. Foil. 122—129. Anvar i Suhaill.See p. 756 a.

Copyist: <jjb+ZJ> u+*j> *$>U\Sj

Add. 16,871.Foil. 311; 9£ in. by 6; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik; dated Rabi'I.,A.H. 1216 (A.D. 1801). [Wm. Yule.]

A treatise on mechanical contrivances forpurposes of utility or amusement.

Author: Shaikh Abu l-'Izz B. Isma'd Raz-

zaz Khiizi, ugjj*» Js^*^ ^ j*^ ^

Beg. Ji^î* -"U^ j ^WiLi* \tdtj\ f i/u*^The author says in his preface that, after

testing by experiments the devices of ancientand modern writers, with many of his own in¬vention, he had exhibited his results to Abul-Fath Mahmud B. Muhammad Kizil Ars-

lan,^^ i^J—y J>» ^(Kizil Arslan B. Ilduguz, Atabak of Azer¬baijan, reigned from A.H. 582 to 587), andhad availed himself of the experience andadvice of that master of the art in composingthe present work, which he wrote under theauspices of the reigning Imam, Nasir Abul-'Abbas Ahmad, Amir ul-Muminin (A.H.575—622).

The work is divided into six sections ^y,comprising altogether fifty figures J£i>. Theytreat of the following subjects:—1. Hour¬

glasses, (Arabic Jfcj; see Haj. Khal.,vol. i., p. 69), dials, and other instrumentsfor the measurement of time, fol. 2 b. 2. Ma¬gical cups IajojT, and other devices connectedwith wine-drinking, fol. 123 b. 3. Magicalewers and basins, i^îo 5 \$o.j>\ fol. 181 b.1. Fountains, fol. 233 a. 5. Pumps andother contrivances for raising water, fol.262 b. 6. Secret locks, etc., fol. 278 a.

Many spaces intended for diagrams havebeen left blank.

II. Foil. 295—311. C^vo u V-> an Indiancookery book, consisting of detached recipes,without preface or author's name.

Beg. ft j <J}U- J*, ja- U ... jiiUafr ^y. ^ yi,* &JV

Copyist: i-£Ju_j u >*\


long; written in Nestalik, in the latter partof the 18th century. [Wm. Yule. J

î3! JjU*"The stages of victory," by Muhammad

Ja'far Shamlu, yu>-Beg. ^ j j*^- (_Û»*i yIt was written by desire of the Safavi

prince, Abul-Fath Sultan Muhammad ShahBahadur Khan (see p. 133 b). The author,who calls himself a born servant of theSafavi house, states in the preface that hehad served in his youth Shahrukh Shah, adescendant on his mother's side of the samefamily (see p. 191 b), and had been attachedtowards the end of his career to MuhammadBeg Khan HamadanI in India, but that fortwenty-five years in middle life he hadfollowed Ahmad Sultan Durrani in hissuccessive incursions into Hindustan, andhad been engaged in that prince's victoriousencounter with Visvas Rai and Bhao on the


field of Panipat, A.H. 1174. He adds thathis record of that battle is based upon hisown observation and upon information re¬ceived from trustworthy reporters.

It must be noticed, however, that hisaccount is upwards of thirty years posteriorto the event; for the prince at whosesuggestion it was written did not reach Indiauntil A.H. 1205. Muhammad Beg KhanHamadani, afterwards Iftikhar ud-DaulahFiruz Jang, was one of the principal officersof Najaf Khan, who died A.H. 1196, andsurvived his chief several years. Both heand Sindhiah, who died A.H. 1208, arespoken of by the author as dead.

The work consists of two distinct parts,viz.:—

I. Foil. 1—10. Description of the routefrom Kandahar to Dehli, with notices onthe principal stages.

II. Foil. 11—24. Account of the battleof Panipat.

A translation by Major Fuller is preservedin manuscript, Add. 30,784, foil. 81—100.The greater part of it will be found, with anaccount of the work by Prof. Dowson, inElliot's History, vol. viii. pp. 144—157.

Add. 17,955.Foil. 218; 8£ in. by 4£; 14 and 16 lines,

A\ in. long ; written in Shikastah-amiz;dated A.H. 1169 (A.D. 1755).

I. Foil. 17—55. jVi sax?, a manual ofmedicine and astrology.

Author: Fakhr ul-Islam (?) B. Kutb ud-Din un-Nassabah ul-Husaini ul-'Ubaidi ul-

Arghandi ul-Khurasani, [|»^-»^] jjd^SiPji) (_£,X~*5) tî—^ ftjLJJl i—*lai" ^

J>^)PBeg. bjA ^jblwJb »l^b (j«Ag>^ V" J"***"The work is dedicated to a sovereign

designated as Shah Hasan, described as con¬

queror of the realms of Caesar and Khakan,J3 y±- j ja£ ciiU £li (probably Shaikh HasanIlkani, who reigned A.H. 737—757).

It is divided into a Mukaddimah, two Mak-sads, and a Khatimah, as follows :—Mukad¬dimah treating of the pulse, hygiene, hu¬mours of the body, etc., in twelve Fasls,fol. 25 a. Maksad I. Treatment of diseases,in ten Babs, fol. 28 a. Maksad II. treatingof the spheres, planets, calendar, etc., infourteen Fasls, fol. 44 a. Khatimah. Me¬dical prescriptions, fol. 51 b.

A full table of contents is prefixed,foil. 6—11.

II. Foil. 55—66. List of medicamentsmentioned in the Ikhtiyarat i Badfl (seep. 469 a).

III. Foil. 71—78. A short dictionaryof names of drugs, in Arabic, Persian, andHindi.

IV. Foil. 79—174. t>bj, a treatiseon medicaments, by Yusufl. See p. 475 b.

Beg. A) j£) jJii- îJl all ^Ji.We learn from a Kitfah at the beginning

that it was written for Humayun in A.H. 946.It is divided into two Babs, treating of simpleand compound medicaments, in alphabeticalorder.

V. Foil. 174—218. A collection of me¬dical extracts and prescriptions. It includesa treatise on the healing properties ofnatural substances, foil. 196—211, describedat the end as abridged from the Tibb Da-va'iyah of Hakim Isina il, physician of Timur,

^^jî (^*-

Add. 17,958.Foil. 63; &£ in. by 5|; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik ; dated Zulka'dah,A.H. 123 (probably for 1123, A.D. 1711).

I. Foil. 2—39. ciJAU **^\ a treatiseon alchemy j*.Ji\ translated from an

Arabic work ascribed to Abu 'All MansurB. Nizar al-Hakim Billab (more correctlyal-Hakim Bi Amr-illab) }j> ^\ j^i* ^ y)

«W r \> J^J}Beg. Q»~~j dAU^ jjo U . . . ill

Siijyj

It is stated in a sbort preamble that al-Hakim, who sat on the throne from A.II. 386to 410 (the real date of his disappearance isA.ir. 411; see Ibn Khallikan, de Slane'stranslation, vol. iii. p. 449), had written theoriginal work for his son Abu 'l-Husam.The translator, who does not give his name,says that he had been ordered to prepare aversion of that treatise, which he calls tsJU*,

aJJb ^\J ] i>j*3II. Poll. 39—53. An alchemical tract

headed (_->b, in which each section begins,as in the preceding, with the words " O myson," ^ j~i

III. Foil. 54—62. Another tract on theart of gilding and on various alloys, with theheading

Add. 17,967.Foil. 78 ; 9 in. by 6^ ; written, by different

hands, about the beginning of the 19thcentury.

I. Foil. 1—10. Alchemical recipes.

II. Foil. 11—21. Table of the contentsof Kisms i.—in. of u^* (see p. 122 b),drawn up by Munshi Ghulam Muhammad,A.H. 1222.

III. Foil. 21—78. Extracts relating chieflyto alchemy, with English notes by DoctorFouget.

Add. 18,404.Foil. 259; 10 in. by 6£; from 17 to 21

VOL. II.

lines, about 4 in. long; written in Nestalik;dated Rabi* I., the 5th year of 'Alamgir II.(A.H. 1172, A.D. 1758). [Wm. Yule.|

I. Foil. 1—230. Translation of the Upa-nisbads by Dara-Shikuh. See p. 54.

In this copy the translator's preface isfollowed by a glossary of Sanskrit terms, anda table of the Upanishads.

II. Foil. 231—248. Majma' ul-Bahrain.See p. 828 a, vii.

III. Foil. 248—259. An abstract of con¬versations between Baba La'ldas and DaraShikiih on the life and doctrine of HindfiFakirs, jliubj J\j«» j <-r>1y»- i—Asfi^

t^l> ^

Beg. iSj^-e^^ e~JlaM e~^djj } Jjl

A copy is mentioned by Prof. Palmer inhis Catalogue of King's College Library,No. 14.

Add. 18,417.Foil. 23; 7i in. by 4£; 14 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the 18 th cen¬tury. [Wm. Yule.]

Manazil ul-Futub. See p. 839 b.

Add. 18,422.Foil. 43; 71 in. by 6; from 14 to 20 lines,

4 in. long; written in Shikastah, in the 18thcentury. [Wm. Yule.]

I. Foil. 1—28. Dastur ul-'Amal Again(see p. 402 a), wanting the first page andthe latter part of the work.

II. Foil. 30—43. Account of the author'sjourney from Cawnpore to Benares, and backthrough Jaunpur and Partabgarh to Luck-now, from the 23rd of April 1798 to the 8thof October in the same year, with descrip-

3 G

tions and historical accounts of the localitiestraversed.

On fol. 29 b, Major Yule has written :" Journal of my friend Muhummud Buqqa(lib A***) from Juanpore to Lucnow, 1798."

Add. 18,870.Poll. 411; 9} in. hy 5f.

I. Poll. 2—143; 15 lines, 3| in. long;written in Nestalik; dated Haidarabad, Ju-mada I., A.H. 1252 (A.D. 1836).

A collection of medical prescriptions classedunder the diseases, beginning with the head¬ing >U*aM <^>\J\ {ji>\jo\

This is a late compilation written in In¬dia. Ghazi ud-Din Khan, Vazir ul-Mamalik(A.H. 1174) is mentioned on fol. 64 a. Atable is prefixed, foil. 2—4.

II. Poll. 144—289; written by the samehand.

^Jo.jZi (—

Indian materia medica, or dictionary ofsimple medicaments.

Author : Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan,son of Hazik ul-Mulk Hakim Muhammad

Akmal Khan, J^^>- fjA- i_aj^iJ^l

i

Beg. j^-y 6 J^j* jp* (J&'j* ^y.

The author says in the preface that, havingfound the ^^Ci. and jj^>z> far fromcomplete, he had undertaken to supplementthem from Hindu, works, as well as fromexperience gained by himself and his fore¬fathers before him. He adds that he hadperformed that task while besieged by theunbelievers and deprived of books.

In the introduction the author says that,with regard to the names of drugs, he con¬forms with the usage of Shahjahanabad(Dehli). Another copy, Or. 1696, contains adedication to Shah 'Alam (A.H. 1173—1221),

and another work of the same writer£ t

u*>y*^ expresses by its title the date of itscomposition, A.H. 1177.

The Talif i Sharif has been lithographedin Dehli with the Alfa? ul-Adviyah, A.H.1265. See the Journal of the Asiatic Societyof Bengal, vol. 20, p. 620, and Biblioth.Sprenger., No. 1901. A second edition,lithographed in Dehli, A.H. 1280, contains,besides, the Tuhfah i 'Alamshahi or Khavasul-Javahir by the same author, also dedi¬cated to Shah 'Alam, and some other medicaltracts by the authors grandson, GhuliimMuhammad B. Hakim Muhammad SadikAll Khan B. Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan.An English translation, entitled " the TaleefShereef, or Indian materia medica," has beenpublished by Dr. George Playfair, Calcutta,1833.

III. Poll. 290—411; 21 lines, 3| in. long;dated Shavval, A.H. 1101 (A.D. 1690).

u*V"A work on the medicinal properties of

animals, extracted from Damiri's Arabic workcalled "sjas- (see the Arabic Catalogue,p. 215).

Author: Muhammad Taki Tabrizi, son ofKhwajah Muhammad, iX**.* ^s? ao-ly- ^

J>Beg. XjSCi* &xx>. <_^V*3 j

IP !***The work of Damirl having been men¬

tioned in an assembly of learned men in thehouse of the author's patron, Navvtib MirzaMuhammad Ibrahim, son of Sadr ud-DinMuhammad, during the reign of Shah 'Ab¬bas II. (A.H. 1052—1077), the author wasdesired to write the present abridgment, inwhich he followed the alphabetical order ofthe original. See Stewart's Catalogue, p. 96.

Add. 18,873.Poll. 239 J 12J in. by 7£; 25 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in small Nestalik; datedKazvin, Rajab, A.H. 999 (A.D. 1591).

I. Poll. 1—88. The first portion of thesixth volume of the Rauzat us-Safa, corre¬sponding to pp. 1—84 of the Bombay edition.

II. Foil. 89—239. The latter half of thefirst volume of Habib us-Siyar, beginningwith p. 24 of Juz 2, Bombay edition.

Add. 18,879.Foil. 214; 9 in. by 7; 13 and 11 lines,

written in Nestalik, on English paper water¬marked 1809.

I. Foil. 1—152. Letters and other prosecompositions of Mirza Tiihir Vahid.

Beg. CJu> J£*U» ^r>^ Alt . . . <*))sZi ^Vlwjj^ifc a'-ioLj Jjssjj

The contents agree substantially withthose of Add. 7090, i. See p. 810 b.

II. Foil. 153—214. The first half ofDaftar II. of Insha i Abul-Fazl. See p.396 a.

Add. 18,882.Foil. 85; 9 in. by 5 ; 17 lines, 3f in. long;

written in Shikastah-amiz; dated Shavval,A.H. 1081 (A.D. 1671).

I. Foil. 1—14. A collection of lettersand short prose compositions by Nur ud-DinMuhammad (see p. 792 a), imperfect in theend.

Beg. jr^ jsj ft* 5, 3 j$ ^ **!The dates of the letters range from A.H.

1025 to 1037. Some are written from Jahan-girnagar, Bengal, others from Lahore. Thecollection includes a dedication of the 'sadai^jo\J (see p. 792 a) to the author's patron,Khanahzad Khan Firuzjang (see p. 509 a).

II. Foil. 15—85. The memoirs of Timiir

(see p. 177 b), containing:—The Institutes,wanting about three pages at the beginning(White's edition, pp. 162—408). The De¬signs and Enterprises (White's edition,pp. 2—152).

Add. 19,344.Foil. 24;. miscellaneous Oriental papers,

collected by George Viscount Valentia, ofwhich the following are Persian :—

I. Foil. 1—6. Letters written to LordValentia, by the following native princes:

I. Udit Niirayan Singh, Rajah of Benares,apologizing for not calling upon Lord Va¬lentia in Benares (March 1803; see LordValentia's Voyages and Travels, vol. i. p. 104).2. Vazir ul-Mamalik Saadat 'Ali Khan,sending his affectionate remembrance andhis portrait; dated 28 Sha'ban, A.H. 1218(December 1803). See ib. t pp. 135—175.3. Shahamat 'All Khan, called in the en¬dorsement Mirza Jungly, referring to thelate Navvab's regard, and assuring LordValentia of the Begam's and his own friend¬ship.

II. Transcript of a Kit'ah engraved on thebridge of Jaunpur, and containing the dateof its construction, A.H. 975. See ib., p. 124.

For the rest of the contents see theArabic Catalogue, p. 532.


long; written in Nestalik; dated Shavval,A.H. 1244 (A.D. 1829).

I. Foil. 1—109. Memoirs of Shaikh Mu¬hammad 'Ali Hazin. See p. 381 a.

II. Foil. 110—191. Notices on contem¬porary poets, by the same. See p. 372 b.

Add. 19,619.Foil. 310; 8^ in. by 4£; 15 lines, 2£ in.

3 G 2

long; written in Nestalik, with gold-ruledmargins; dated Jumada II., A.H. 1103(A.D. 1692). [Samuel Lee.]

I. Poll. 3—128. ^Up atreatise on wine, its beneficial properties, andlegitimate use.

Author : KazI B. Kashif ud-Din Muham¬mad, i_fl£»K

Beg. uJj\y1 yyv j\ *^^«» ii^**^*

Mirza Kazi, whose father Kashif was physi¬cian to Shah 'Abbas I., was born in Isfahan,and became Shaikh ul-Islam in that city.He died in Ardabil A.H. 1075. See Kisasul-Khakani, fol. 159.

This work was written, as stated in thepreface, by order of Shah 'Abbas I. Itis divided into a Mukaddimah, thirty Babs,and a Khatimah, and was completed inRajab, A.H. 1037, a few months after theShah's death.

II. Toll. 129—156. J.**- «JUj, atract on the medicinal properties of theChub i ChTnl, or China root, coffee, and tea,by the same author.

Beg. J> U <_->lI^ Jh\»- y^*- ... aU a+J))JM&}\ t^J)jJt>\

This work was also written in the reign of'Abbas I.

The Chub i Chini, also calledis here said to have been introduced T)yEuropeans and to have spread in Irak at thebeginning of the reign of Shah Ismii'il.

An earlier but insufficient account of it,by " the late " 'Imad ud-Din Mahmud (seep. 474 a), is mentioned in the preface.

The work is divided into the followingthree Babs:—1. China root, in fourteenFasls, fol. 130 a. 2. Coffee, fol. 154 a.3. Tea, fol. 155 b.

III. Eoll. 157—162. '*JU„ a treatiseon the beneficial and injurious properties of

opium, by Mahmud B. Mas'Qd ut-Tabib('Imad ud-Din ; see p. 474 a).

Beg. ^tsLJ^ S^USlj J j>^^ *JJ sj)The treatise is divided into a Mukaddimah,

an Asl, and a Khatimah. See Haj. Khal.,vol. iii. p. 368.

IV. Foil. 243—247. Two Arabic tracts;see the Arabic Catalogue, p. 458.

V. Foil. 247—262. >JL-,, atreatise on China root, by 'Imad ud-DinMahmud.

Beg. gjo it\jj>- £j ^\ j3\*i J^ySee above, art. ii., Haj. Khal. vol. iii.

p. 386, Stewart's Catalogue, p. 112, theCopenhagen Catalogue, p. 44, and Fleischer'sLeipzig Catalogue, p. 513.

VI. Foil. 263—265. Another treatise onthe same subject.

Author: Nur Ullah, commonly called 'Ala,i)ou *U1 ^y

Beg. (j>) J*>. W«JliU fj>\

The author, who wrote in A.H. 944, saysthat he had spent twenty years in India, andhad obtained his information on China rootfrom a European physician. See Haj. Khal.,vol. iii. p. 386.

VII. Foil. 265—270. A tract on the Pa-zahr or bezoar-stone, by 'Imad ud-Din Mah¬mud (see p. 474 a).

VIII. Foil. 270—285. Extracts from theNauras i Shahi on the bezoar and preciousstones; miscellaneous notices on aphro¬disiacs, weights and measures, and on Chinaroot.

IX. Foil. 285—308. A treatise on Ata-shak, or venereal disease, by 'Imad ud-DinMahmud.

Beg. cJ>i>b ^^Jjjm si ^joj* y^*- jjfU J^j

That disorder, formerly unknown, hadlately been treated of by Mir Baha. ud-Dau-lah Nurbakhshi. The author improved theleisure he enjoyed during a stay at Mashhadto write a fuller account of it.

Add. 19,621.Poll. 150; 8 in. by 5 ; 13 lines, 2| in. long,

with 22 lines in the margins; written infair Nestalik; dated Jumada EL, A.H. 1139(A.D. 1726). [Samuel Lee.]

I. Poll. 3—121. The Divan of KasimDivanah. See p. 707 b.

II. Poll. 1, 2, and margins of foil. 3—150.Mahmud and Ayaz, by Zulali, with the pre¬face. See p. 677 a.

Add. 19,623.Poll. 162; 8| in. by 5f; 10 and 15 lines,

3£ in. long; written apparently early in the18th century.

I. Foil. 1—32. The Sin ah creed by IbnBabavaih. See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 385.

II. Poll. 33—72. ,u\E*M 'L^J, a popularexposition of Shi'ah tenets, by Muhsin B.Murtaza (see p. 830 a).

Beg. tj-V uV^ ^b^*" (j^S jIt is also callede^wlfc on account of its

division into eight chapters called " gates."These chapters treat of God's existence,unity, holiness, of prophetship, Imiimat,resurrection, the terrors of death, heavenand hell.

. III. Poll. 73—162. J-ifl* ^.As-y fis^rp, adiscourse of the Imam Ja'far Sadik on theproofs which the scheme of creation affordsof the existence, unity, and attributes of theCreator; translated from the Arabic by Mu¬

hammad Taki B. Muhammad Biikir, | 5J a,*?jib s+s? u j

Beg. iijLaf *±~>-y 0 b* ^sW si) J**:'This discourse was handed down, as the

translator states in his preface, by MufazzalB. 'Umar, a disciple of Imam Ja'far. In hisintroduction Mufazzal relates how he had beendistressed one day in Medina by the boldnegations of an atheist called Ibn Abil-'Auja,and how his master Imam Ja'far, seeing hisperplexity, had promised him comfort andassurance. This preamble is followed by thediscourse addressed by Ja'far to Mufazzal,who acts as his interlocutor. It is divided intofour sittings y^*?, held on successive days.


long; written in fair Nestalik, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the16th century.

I. Poll. 1—50. Khulasat ul-Khamsah.Sec p. 575 a.

Copyist: ^ji^^ u_a**»y.

II. Poll. 51-109. Majma' ul-Abkar, byUrfl. See p. 667 b.

Add. 19,809.Poll. 89 ; 9 \ in. by h\ ; 21 lines, 3 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedAurangabad, Safar, A.H. 1090 (A.D. 1679).

I. Poll. 5—30. Gulshan i Raz. Seep. 608 b.

II. Poll. 31—53. jyj) j^, a Sufi poem,by Amir HusainT (see p. 608 a).

Beg c^*J£j> ^J\jb \jc^**)j&a<_^y i^V Jj^

See Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 431, Haj.Khal., vol. v. p. 254, Krafft, p. 66, Ouseley's


Catalogue, No. 677, and the Gotha Cata¬logue, p. 12.

III. Foil. 54—87. Z&d ul-Musafirin, byAmir Husaini. See p. 608 a.

Add. 21,589.Foil. 527 ; 13£ in. by 9J; 25 lines, 6 in.

long; written in small Nestalik, with 'Un-van and gold-ruled margins ; dated Rajab,A.H. 1246 (A.D. 1830). [James Bird.]

I. Foil. 1—338. a work on

general history from the earliest times toA.H. 1180, comprising a special history ofSind.

Author : Mir 'All Shir Kani Tattavi,^-^-tjyLj ji'.j *jJLxs-

Beg. u &« (^jTdA^T ft/^SSli- «w>- moThe author, the fourth son of Sayyid 'Iz-

zat-Ullah, who died A.H. 1161, traced hisorigin to Kazi Shukr-Ullah, a distinguishedSayyid of Shiraz, who had settled in TattahA.H. 927 (see fol. 316 b). Alishir, who wasborn A.H. 1140, began writing poetry at theearly age of twelve, under the takhallus ofMazhari, wbich he afterwards changed to thatof Kani\ He composed a poem of about 3000distichs on the story of Kamrup and Kamlatain A.H. 1169, another Masnavi, Kaza u Kadarin A.H. 1157, a poem entitled j» cl>j±> jlin A.H. 1165, a Divan in A.H. 1171, andseveral prose works, one of which is called

*+*>\x* g/j (see fol. 498).The author states in the preface that he had

begun the present work in his 40th year, andthat the date of composition, A.H. 1180, isconveyed by the title \JsJ&. Two versi¬fied chronograms at the end give A.H. 1181as the date of its completion. But it musthave received later additions; for morerecent dates arc mentioned, as A.H. 1183,foil. 195 a, 198 a; and in one passage (fol.

288) the narrative is brought down to A.H.1188.

An account of the work, with some ex¬tracts, is given in Elliot's History of India,vol. i. pp. 327—351. Some chapters trans¬lated by T. Postans will be found in theJournal of the As. Soc. of Bengal, vol. vii.,pp. 96—104, and 297—310.

It is divided into three volumes (Mujallad),the contents of which are as follows :—

Volume I., divided into a Mukaddimahand three Daftars ; viz. Mukaddimah. Crea¬tion and Genii, fol. 2 a. —Daftar i. Prophets,fol. 3 a. Ancient kings of Persia, Arabia,etc., fol. 38 a. Sages, saints, and poets,anterior to the Islam, fol. 62 b. —Daftar II.Genealogy of Muhammad, fol. 73 b. Hislife, fol. 75 a. The first four Khalifs, fol.87 b. The Imams, fol. 100 b. Descendantsof the Imams, fol. 112 b, —Daftar n., in threeTabakahs : 1. Umayyades, fol. 116 b. Amirsof the Umayyades, fol. 120 b. Men whorose against the Umayyades, fol. 124 b.2. Abbasides, fol. 132 a. Abbasides ofEgypt, fol. 146 b. Amirs and Vazirs of theAhbasides, fol. 147 a. Men who rose againstthe Abbasides, fol. 156 b. The Karmatites,fol. 158 b. 3. Dynasties contemporary withthe Abbasides.

This last Tabakah is subdivided into ninosections (Asas), as follows : 1. Tab iris,Safiaris, Samanis, Ghaznavis, Ghuris, Al i Bu-vaih, Saljukis, Khwarazmshahis, Atabaks, Is-mallis of Egypt, Ayyiibis, Isma'Ilis of Ku-histan, Al i 'Abd ul-Mumin, Karakhita'is ofKirman, fol. 160 b. —2. Csesars, Saljuks ofRum, Danishmandis Salikis, Manguchakis,Karaman, Zulkadr, fol. 169 a. —3. Sharifs ofMecca and Medina, fol. 169 b. —4. ChingizKhan and his descendants in Ulugh Yurt,Dasht Kipchak, Itkn, andTuran; theShaiba-nis, and the Khans of Kashghar, fol. 169 b. —5. Local dynasties of Iran after the Moghuls,namely, the Chauprmis, Ilkanis, Al i Muzaffar,Kurts, and Sarbadars, fol. 179 b.—Q. The

Kara Kuyunlus, fol. 183 a.—7. The Ak Ku-yunlus, fol. 183 b.— 8. The Safavis, ib.— 9. Ti-railr and his suceessors in Iran and Tiiran,foil. 183—186.

Volume II. contains an Introduction (Mu-kaddimah) on the inhabited quarter of theglobe, and seven sections (Makalah), treatingof the seven climates. The principal coun¬tries and cities belonging to each climate areenumerated, with accounts of their rulersand biographical notices of their celebratedmen. The contents are :—Mukaddimah, fol.186 b. Pirst climate, fol. 187 a. Secondclimate, fol. 190 a. Kings of the Deccan,ib. Kings of Bengal, fol. 199 b. Thirdclimate, fol. 201 b. Kings of Hindustan,from Mahmud Ghaznavi to 'Alamgir II., fol.231. Princes and Amirs of the Dehli em¬pire, foil. 240 b, 241 b. (The last portion ofthis section, the whole of the fourth,and the first part of the fifth, are mis¬sing. The latter part of the fifth, foil.242—247, treats of Samarkand, Kash, Nasaf,Nakhshab, Karshi, Bukhara, etc.). Sixthclimate, fol. 247 b. Sultans of Kashghar, fol.249 a. Seventh climate, fol. 252 a. Kha-timah ; distances between the principal cities,fol. 253 a.

Volume III., treating of the history ofSind. The author mentions as his sources,in the first place, an ancient record of theArab conquest, which Ah" B. I.iamid B. AbiBakr ul-Kufi, of Uchh, translated from theArabic, A.H. 613 (see p. 290 b), then thehistories of Mir Ma'sum Bhakari (p. 291 a),and Mir Muhammad Tahir Nisyani (p. 292 b),the Argliiin Namah, Tarkhan Namah, andBeglar Naniah (see Elliot, vol. i. pp. 289and 300).

Contents: Mukaddimah. Description ofSind, fol. 254 b. Tabakah i Rayan, or HinduRajahs, fol. 255 b. Tabakah i Barahimah,rule of the Brahmans, fol. 25(5 a. Con¬quest by Muhammad B. Kasim, fol. 257 b.Governors under the Umayyades, fol. 260 a.

Governors under the Abbasides, fol. 261 a.Governors under the Sultans of Ghaznah,Ghiir, and Dehli, fol. 261 b. Tabakah iSiunarah, fol. 263 b. Jams of the Sammahtribe, fol. 267 a. Tabakah i Arghun, fol.269 a. Tabakah i Tarkhan, to the death ofGhazi Beg, A.H. 1021, with an account ofthe conquest of Sind by Akbar, fol. 272 a.Amirs of the Arghun and Tarkhan dynasties,fol. 279 a. Amirs of the Timurides, andgovernors of Tattah, from A.H. 1002 to1149, fol. 281 a. Rule of the Kalurah 'Abbft-siyyah family from its origin to A.H. 1188,fol. 284 a. Enumeration of the cities andtowns of Sind, with notices of the Sayyids,Shaikhs, and other eminent men of each,beginning with Multan and closing with Tat¬tah, fol. 288 b.

II. Poll. 339—447. Osb> Ji3\~> J<f»,lives of celebrated Shaikhs, and heads ofreligious orders, from the time of Muhammadto the close of the twelfth century of theHijrah, by the same author.

Beg. UaM *^J-?"J V- 1^This work was composed, it is stated, in

A.H. 1202 (a date expressed by the title),when the author had nearly completed his63rd year. He had written in the same yeartwo other works on kindred subjects, en¬titled ^ i^o-Jjt^ tjaf and tsij/ J-j^-j J^cyio

It contains an introduction treating of theVilayat, or saintship, fol. 340 a, and twelvesections termed Mi'yar, on the followingsubjects :—

1. Holy men of the first century, namely,the first four Khalifahs, the uncles andcousins of the Prophet, his principal Com-panions, the first three Imams and theirchildren, fol. 341 b. 2. Holy men of thesecond century, including especially thefounders of the fourteen Khanavads, or re¬ligious families, fol. 350 a.

The remaining Miyiirs, treating, in the

same order, of the saints of each succeedingcentury, begin as follows :—

3, fol. 357 a.— 4, fol. 367 a.—5, fol. 375 a.6, fol. 379 6.-7, fol. 391 b.— 8, fol. 401 b.9, fol. 410 b.— 10, fol. 421 a.—11, fol. 428 b.12, fol. 430 a. —They all contain numerousnotices, arranged in chronological order.

III. Poll. 448 —527. cu^ju, noticeson the poets of Sind, alphabetically arrangedaccording to their names or poetical sur¬names, with copious specimens of theircompositions, by the same author, Mir'Alishir Kani\

Beg. (j 1—3^)1 XjaLill i'_jfl)b i^jai- ^The author states that, having found that

the two Tazkirahs most frequently quotedin his day, namely *V^\ c^UW by Mu¬hammad Afzal Sarkhush (see p. 369 a), and\Jl+-> jo by Mir Ghulam 'AH Azad (seep. 374 a, No. 14), were very deficient withregard to the Sind poets, and that thereexisted no special work on that subject, hehad undertaken the present composition inA.H. 1169, while engaged upon his poem ofKamrup and Kamlata,, and had completed itin A.H. 1174, a date expressed by its title.

The author devotes an extensive notice tohimself, foil. 498—509, in which he givescopious extracts from his poems and proseworks.

It appears from the subscriptions, foil.185 b, 338 6, 447 b, that this volume waswritten by Mihr All Husaini for an amir ofSind named Mir Murad 'AH Khan Talpar.

Add. 21,625.Foil. 84; 12 in. by 9. Miscellaneous

Oriental papers collected by CI. J. Rich (seethe Arabic Catalogue, p. 530).

The following are Persian :—■Fol. 4. A detached leaf of the Iskandar

Namah of Nizami, containing the rubricP-^jsj to>V*JJ

Foil. 5—11. Original minutes of theexamination of two troopers, Hashim Khanand Nur Khan, arrested by order of Capt.James W. Skinner on a charge of bribery, atSikrah, Bikanir, and tried in June and July1813.

Add. 22,695.Foil. 159; 10 in. by 7.I. Foil. 2—39; 25 lines, 4£ in. long;

written in minute Nestalik, apparently inthe 15th century.

eJiyJ^^ Sol^ jj s^ft

A history of the Salj tikis, from their originto their extinction in A.H. 590.

Author: Muhammad P>. Muhammad B.Muhammad B. 'Abd ullah B. un-Nizam ul-

Husaini, ^ «15! ^ o-»a£° ^ ^, J*J1 M\<_*- |*

Beg- 1^.5^ o"V" v5 3 iiThc author, who occasionally diverted his

mind from the pursuit of divinity and lawby perusing the records of history, fell in,as stated in the preface, with a book inwhich the writer, only designated as anaccomplished Imam, jU£> J.*ii j\ hadrecorded the rise and progress of the Saljukisdown to the end of the reign of Sultan Mah-mud B. Muhammad B. Malakshah (A.H.511—525), an epoch which he looked uponas the beginning of their decline. Con¬sidering, however, that several mightysovereigns of the same line had sat uponthe throne during a subsequent period ofnearly eighty years, the author had beeninduced to compose a complete history ofthe dynasty. The preface concludes with apanegyric on a just and powerful Yazir,whose name is not explicitly stated, butis said to adorn the work. From this it maybe supposed that its title Trakiyyah is de¬rived from the Vazir's surname " 'Iraki."

The work is written in ornate prose, freelyinterspersed with Arabic and Persian verses,much in the style of the well-known contem¬porary writer, Vassaf. The time of compositionis fixed by an incidental mention of Uljiiituas the reigning sovereign (A.1T. 703—716),and a description of his splendid residence,namely Sultiiniyyah, which was foundedA.H. 705 (see D'Ohsson, vol. iv. p. 485).

The earlier history referred to in the pre¬face is probably the Saljuk Namah of Zahirud-Din Nishapuri mentioned as one of thesources of the Guzidah. See Haj. Khal.,vol. iii. p. 606.

II. Poll. 40—150; 15 lines, 3£ in. long;written in Nestalik, apparently in the 16thcentury.

Ux)1 JA\A history of the Kara-Khita'is of Kirman

from their rise to their downfall.

Beg. <_>-Lj ^ (ji.A-->s fZ» j 3t\ijZj*

The author's name, Niisir ud-Din, is notfound in the preface; but it occurs in thefollowing line, the first of a poem composedin his praise by the Sadr Mayd ud-Din, andquoted on fol. 119 :

giji yoK>j^y^t Vo^U>-

dy AW y \j cLiloHis father, Khwiijah Muntajab ud-Din

'Umdat ul-Mulk Yazdi, had left his nativeplace Yazd, A.H. 650, as stated fol. 80, toattach himself to Kutb ud-Din Muhammad,Sultan of Kirman, and had become thetrusted adviser of that sovereign. Niisir ud-Din, who was brought up by his uncle,Shihab ud-Din Abul-Hasan "Ali Yazdi (seefol. 94), was appointed by Padishah Khatiin,A.H. 693, although still young, to the head-secretaryship of the chancelry, 113 lj JjI-*, u \y<J(see fol." 129).

The author states in the preface that apartial account of the Kara-Khita'is had been

VOL. IT.

written under the title of Tarikh i Shahi byKhwajah Shihab ud-Din Abu Sa'id; but theevents which followed the death of PadishahKhatiin (A.H. 694) had not yet been re¬corded. At the request of some friends,who regarded him as one of the most elegantwriters of the age, he took up the subject,and brought down the history to the ex¬tinction of the dynasty. The work waswritten at the beginning of A.H. 716, anddedicated to an illustrious Amir sent at thattime by the Ilkhani Court to Kirman, IsanKutlugh Nuyan ^by jli' ^~>\ B. Amir Zingi,a noble Uighur, who traced his origin toAltan Khan.

Contents: Preface, including a review ofthe principal dynasties of Iran, fol. 40 b.Sketch of the early history of Kirman, fol.54 a. (For a more detailed account of thatperiod the reader is referred to the work ofAfzal ud-Din Katib Mustaufi.) Nusrat ud-Din Kutlugh Sultln Burak Hajib, thefounder of the dynasty, who died A.H. 632,after a reign of fifteen years, fol. 67 a. Kutbud-Din Abul-Fath Muhammad B. Jamtimur,nephew and successor of the preceding, fol.72 b. Rukn ud-Din 13. Burak, who succeedsA.H. 633, fol. 75 a. Second reign of Kutb ud-Din, A.H. 650—655. llegency of 'Ismat ud-Din Kutlugh Turkan, the widow of the pre¬ceding, fol. 86 b. MuzaiTar ud-Din HajjajSultan, son of Kutb ud-Din, fol. 88 a. Jalalud-Din Suyiirghatmish, son of the preceding,who succeeds his father A.H. 681, fol. 104 aThe daughter of the above, Padishah Khatiin,A.H. 691—691, fol. 124 a. MuzaiTar ud-DinMuhammad Shah, son of Hajjaj Sultan, whosucceeds A.H. 694, fol. 136 b.

The detailed narrative comes to a closewith the account of the chequered andintermittent rule of the last-named sovereign,O "

who died at the age of twenty-nine years(AH. 703). It is followed by a brief recordof the appointments of Kutb ud-Din ShahKhatun (read Shah Jahan) by Ghiizan (A.H.

3 H

703), fol. 155 b, and of Nfisir ud-Din Mu¬hammad B. Burhan by Uljaitu (A.II. 707),who was still on the throne at the time ofcomposition, fol. 157 b.

Haj. Khal., who calls the author Nasir ud-Din Munshi Kirmani, speaks of an appendixcoming down to the reign of Abu Sa'ld.See vol. iii. p. G18. Accounts of the Kara-Khita'is will be found in Tarikh i Vassaf,vol. iii., where their history is brought downto A.H. 694, in the Guzidah, and, with fulldetails, in the geographical work of HilfizAbru, foil. 147—155. See also Rauzat us-Safa, vol. iv. p. 128, and Habib us-Siyar,vol. iii., Juz 2, p. 10.

Add. 22,789.Foil. 340; 9| in. by 5f; 14 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik ; dated Shaban,A.H 1250 (A.D. 1835).

I. Foil. 1—292. Lfjj-^'" lir^) a copiouscollection of select pieces in verse and inprose, compiled by Bakil for Mirza KhusrauBeg. According to a versified chronogramat the end, fol. 292 a, the work was completedin A.H. 1246:

i_/- c- i_juli> \y> ttyJ?. lJJS~*- CiT^

The first or poetical portion, althoughincluding verses of some early poets, dealschiefly with those who flourished in Persiaabout the close of the twelfth and in thefirst half of the thirteenth century of theHijrah, as Sulaiman Sabahi (see Atashkadah,fol. ISO), Sayyid Muhammad Hatif (seep. 813 b), Lutf Ali Beg Azur (see p. 375 a),Fath 'Ali Khan Kashi, surnamed Saba (seep. 722 a), Abd ul-Vahhab Nashat (see ib.),etc. It contains the following divisions :—Kasidahs, fol. 5 a. Ghazals, without alpha¬betical arrangement, fol. 57 b. Detachedverses in alphabetical order, fol. 85 b. Ru-

ba'is alphabetically arranged, fol. 114 b.Mukhammasat, fol. 125 a. Kit'ahs, fol. 131 b.Masnavis, fol. 141 b.

The last section includes two longer poemsof the kind called b^, by Mihri 'Arab, andMirz i Abd ullah, surnamed 'Ishk.

The prose portion, which is taken fromsome elegant writers who lived in Indiaunder Shahjahan and Aurangzib, contains:—Journal of the siege of Haidarabad by Ni'matKhan 'All (see p. 268 a), fol. 160 b. "Beautyand Love," by the same (see p. 703 b),fol. 210 b. A satire on doctors, by thesame (see p. 744 b), fol. 223 a. ^Ls. } u ^>-" Beauty and Love," by Tughra. Bahariyyah

and Murtafiat oUsiy, by the same(see p. 742), fol. 231 a. ^£>T^£>, by MirzaMuhammad Shaft* Munshi, fol. 241 b.This last piece is a statement addressed to thelawyers of Iran, respecting the estate of thelate Shahzadah (Muhammad Akbar, theeldest son of Aurangzib), who died in Persiain A.H. 1118, and to whose service thewriter appears to have been attached.

II. Foil. 293—338. &}>*bj\ >J " thesecret language of sweet-scented flowers," adescription, in Magnavi rhyme, of the royalgarden of Sa'adat-abad, at Isfahan (seeOuseley's Travels, vol. iii. p. 19).

Author : Ramzi,

Beg. ^Jjtjwi- j &=& >>-v^-?mJl) J*<o ^jbj

The author, whose proper name wasMirza Hadi, son of Mirza Habib, was anative of Kashan. He is mentioned in theKisas ul-Ebakani, a work written A.H. 1076,■ • a a ' *

fol. 170, as a poet and skilled painter, whowas then past thirty years of age.

After a eulogy on the reigning sovereign,Shah 'Abhas II., the poet relates how he hadbeen summoned to the Shah's presence inthe royal garden, and desired to write a poem

in praise of it. The work concludes, how¬ever, with an address to Shah Sultan Hu-sain, who ascended the throne in A.H. 1105.

The present copy contains twenty-ninecoloured drawings representing the variousflowers described in the poem.

The last two leaves contain a satire byMlrza Sharif on one of the Mustaufis ofShah Tahmasp. A table of contents has beenprefixed to the volume, foil. 1—3.

Add. 23,496.Foil. 252; 10 in. by 7\; 21 lines, 6 in.

long; written in bold Naskbi; dated Shiraz,Muharram, A.H. 847 (A.D. 1443).

[Robert Taylor.]I. Foil. 2—246 a. The first volume of

the Persian Tabari (see p. 68), containinglittle more than a quarter of the work.

This copy has no preface, but only a shortdoxology in Persian, beginning:

sjii^ilj (j^*^ s^^*" lA^.^**>j 3 t_y*^'*'\>

The text is in some parts considerablyabridged: the introduction, which precedesthe account of the creation of Adam (Zoten-berg's version, pp. 9—72) is condensed toseven leaves, foil. 4—10. The history isbrought down to the death of Yazdajird ul-Ashn (Zotenberg's version, vol. ii. p. 104).

It is stated in the subscription that theMS. was transcribed by Baha. ud-Din B.Hasan B. Baha ud-Din, an attendant of theshrine of Haji Baha ud-Din 'Ugman, nearSlnraz, and that it belonged to the Sadr Ra'isNizam ud-Din, son of the Sadr Haji Fakhrud-Din Ahmad.

The first half of a table of contents, occu¬pying four pages at the beginning, has beensupplied by a later hand.

II. Foil. 246—252 b. J* ^.mUc^jJ«,_j ads "the testament of the Pro¬

phet," consisting of moral precepts addressedby Muhammad to AIT, and handed down bythe latter.

Beg. sAs- ^t. uji*^ C**>\ <-^)jj

^ Jj^j c&j ^ *4^J ^ fj*J ^'j"Written by the same scribe as art. i., and

dated A.H. 848.

Add. 23,558.Foil. 361; 111 in. by 7* ; 23 lines, 4§ in.

long; written in Shikastah-amiz; datedSafar, A.H. 1100 (A.D. 1688).

[Robert Taylor.]I. Foil. 2—243. Ikhtiyarat i Badi'i. See

p. 469 a.In the subscription of the first Makfdat,

the work is designated as Miftah ul-Khaza'in,commonly called Ikhtiyarat i Badi'i. Butthe former title belongs to another treatiseby the same author. See ib.

II. Foil. 243—276. LM\ u°\j~> a treatiseon the medicinal properties of natural sub¬stances, without author's name.

Beg. j ^jc Li^M t_>e\j*- lj ^} Jju \*\

tdj>\£t j> J^Li*

It is said in the preamble that the numberof Bfibs had been reduced from sixteen toeight. In the text, however, nine chaptersare found, treating of the following subjects :Properties of various parts of the humanbody ^UJ) fol. 244 a, of quadrupeds,fol. 245 b, birds, fol. 254 reptiles andinsects, fol. 259 b, fruits and flowers, fol.262 a, seeds, fol. 270 b, herbs, fol. 271 b;leaves, fol. 272 a, gums, ib., and stones,fol. 273 a,

III. Foil. 270 b— 294. A treatise in tenchapters (Fasl) on hemorrhoids and threekindred diseases, J&S> j £ j^^yj j&^ji

Author : Muhammad B. Jamal, called Alaut-Tabib, i—*jakS\ JU» ^

3 h 2

Beg. uo.la? J ftLaflJ ^jJl illolfrU>5\

IV. Poll. 296—305. An extract relatingto the medicinal properties of various kindsof food, without title or author's name.

Beg. LU-ita {jJ*& .....1^**1? k**^ jb ^ L>"^J

The rubrics have not been inserted.

V. Poll. 306—361. JUA ^W!/. atreatise on compound medicaments. Seep. 473 b.

Add. 23,568.Poll. 102; 7 in. by 5; from 18 to 23 lines,

3£ in. long; written in small Ncstalik;dated A.II. 889—894 (A.D. 1484—1489).

[Robert Taylor.]

I. Poll. 2—31. ^.yu cJj«jJ j*^? acommentary upon the treatise of Nasir ud-Din Tusi on the almanac, with the text. Seep. 452 b.

Beg. ^Udj aj.^lT ^

Prom a passage, fol. 7 a, in which thedate of Nauruz is fixed for A.H. 727, itbecomes probable that the commentary waswritten in that year.

II. Poll. 32—53. p»!s)0\ Jj*>\ a treatiseon prognostics to be drawn from eclipses,storms, and other phenomena, according tothe time of their appearance in the solaryear.

Author : Abu'1-Fazl Hubaish B. Ibrahim

ut-Tiflisi, uS^iJ\ f**>\*>\ ^ (j^JH0- J-oaM y\

Beg. j»& j «_JiU- J* \j\<&- j-* • o-^*- j j&>t£ *>'y

The work is intended, according to thepreface, to elucidate two books called

one of which is ascribed to Daniel, andthe other to Ja'far Sadik. The author saysthat he had written it after completing an¬

other work, entitled l-^' ^yb' (see Haj.Khal., vol. iv., p. 494, and the Munich Cata¬logue, p. 110), and that he had drawn itsmatter from Greek and Arabic writers. Itis divided into twenty-five Fasls.

The author, who wrote several other workson medicine and astrology, is stated by Haj.Khal., vol. v. p. 25, to have dedicated one ofthem to Kilij Arslan Rumi, while he com¬posed another, ykll w.U*', for Abul-Haris.Malakshiih (see the Gotha Catalogue, p. 64).The former of these princes was apparentlyKilij Arslan B. Mas'ud, who died A.H. 588,after a nominal reign of nineteen years,during the latter part of which he had beenconfined in Kuniyah by his son Kutb ud-DlnMalakshiih. Sec Kamil, vol. xii. pp. 31 and57. Wiistenfeld, Arabische Aertzte, p. 30,mentions the author without fixing his period.

The present workis mentioned by Haj.Khal., vol. vi. p. Ill, under the title of a*^*JlJb; but the author's name is altered toJalis. For similar works see the BodleianCatalogue, vol. ii. p. 332, note i.

III. Poll. 55—77. *?3j*> a manualof astrology.

Author: Nasir ud-Din Haidar B. Muham¬mad ush-Shirazi.

Beg. j\ ul>\'& e^%*u\ tj-** t£ O"^"* j j***

The author states that he had writtenit A.H. 687, after finishing another work

called gj. It is divided into thirtyBtibs, partly disposed in tabular form.

IV. Foil. 77 b —85. An extract from awork entitled ( ^^ **>jj, with the headingl-jL-^j Jl*!\ J;L~* t^J&«. It explainsin twenty questions and answers the originand reasons of the terms and divisionsadopted by astronomers. See further on,Add. 27,261, xii., and Haj. Khal., vol. iii.p. 512.

MANUSCRIPTS OP MIXPD CONTENTS. 853

V. Poll. 86—101. An account of theinstitution of Nauriiz by the early kings ofPersia and of various usages and observancesconnected with that festival.

Beg. t_fti^jii ±>\iOj> O-^-jluyjjji> o.iua»-


long ; written in Ncstalik, with 'Unvan, giltheadings, and gold-ruled margins; datedRamazan, A.H. 891 (A.I). I486).

[Robert Taylor.]

I. Poll. 2—155. iusj-JW.^ J^JI uiA,

£\*a&\ >_a^, a collection of I.Ia-dls, or sayings of Muhammad, with Sufi com¬ments, translated from the Arabic of Shihfibud-Din 'Umar B. Muhammad us-Suhravardi,

irf

This celebrated Sufi was born, A.H. 539,in Suhravard, near Zanjan, in Irak, and diedin Baghdad, A.H. 632. See his life in IbnKhallikan, de Slane's translation, vol. ii-p. 382, the Nafahat ul-Uns, p. 544, and Ma-jalis ul-Muminin, fol. 315. The Arabicwork is mentioned, under the title of <_b£»,

^JLi^, in the last two of the sources abovequoted. Compare Haj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 465,who notices a Persian translation by Mu'inud-Din Yazdl (see p. 168 a).

The translation is divided into fifteen Babsand two Khatimahs. The present copywants the preface and a portion of the firstBab. The translator's name does not appear.

II. Poll. 156—378. ^ ] a Sufiallegory, in which man is represented as akingdom, the Khalifah or sovereign of whichis the spirit.

Author: Shams ud-Din Ibrahim, Muhtasibof Abarkuh, r^*!^ lt+Z*

Beg. 15 j j-*- j u »lfiM ^ u*V» J

It is stated in the preface that the longcontemplated work had been delayed by ajourney which the author was compelled totake in A.H. 711, and by the loss of his booksat sea. He subsequently proceeded to Tus-tar in the train of one of the late rulers ofthe land, and thence to the shrine of theImFun Zain ul-'Abidin (in Medina), wherehe settled in the monastery of Shaikh Sadrud-Din. There he wrote the present workin A.H. 714, in obedience to a behest con¬veyed to him in a dream by 'All.

It is divided into seven Kisms, each ofwhich comprises five Babs. A full table ofcontents is given at the end of the preface.The author inserts occasionally verses of hiscomposition in which he takes the poeticalsurname of Muhtasib.

Add. 23,569.Poll. 135; 7| in. by 3£; 18 lines, If in.

long; written in Naskhi, with three 'Unvansand gold-ruled margins; dated A.H. 1055—1057 (A.D. 1645—1647).

[Robert Taylor.]I. Poll. 1—46. The astronomical treatise

of All Kiishi. See p. 458 a.

II. Poll. 46 6—56. Tashrih ul-Aflak, byBaha ud-Din 'Amili, in Arabic. See theArabic Catalogue, p. 622 6.

III. Poll. 56 6—77. A treatise on the al¬manac by Nasir ud-Din Tusi. See above,p. 452 6.

IV. Poll. 78—103. A treatise on theastrolabe by the same. See p. 453 a.

V. Poll. 103 6—185. KhuLlsat ul-Hisfib.See the Arabic Catalogue, p. 622 6.

Add. 24,041.Poll. 430; 8| in. by 6; from 11 to 15

lines; written in Nestalik, early in the 19thcentury. [H. H. Wilson.]

I. Poll. 1—96. <dJ—>jij, an accountof the mythology, castes, and sects of theHindus.

Beg. )^ ^ »J ^IjjThe author, whose name does not appear,

states in the preface that he had writtensome years previously a shorter treatise onthe same subject. The work is divided intoseven chapters termed Jalvah, and subdividedinto Eurughs.

Contents: 1. Creation, Brahma, fol. 5 b.2. The four and twenty Avatars, fol. 8 a.3. The four castes, fol. 23 a. 4. Their rami¬fications, fol. 26 a. 5. Hindu doctrines, fol.37 a. 6. Hindu fakirs, fol. 46 a. 7. Hindusects, fol. 53 b.

This last chapter, which is said to followthe same arrangement as the author's pre¬vious treatise, is divided into nine sections.The first contains an introduction. Thesix next following treat of the Vaishnavas,Shaivas, Shaktas, Niinakshahis, Jainas, andVedantis. The eighth contains a census ofBenares compiled by the author A.D. 1800,fol. 81 b. The ninth enumerates the Hindusciences and the standard works on each, fol.86 b.

This is in all probability the work referredto by H. H. Wilson in his " Sketch of thereligious sects of the Hindus,'' p. 6, andascribed by him to Sital Sinh, Munshi of theRajah of Benares. A similar work of thesame author, Silsilah i Jogiyan, is noticed inthe Mackenzie Collection, vol. ii. p. 143.

H. Eoll. 97—180. The tale of 'Ain ul-Basar and Munir ul-Mulk, in Hindustani.

III. Eoll. 181—198. Chronological ac¬count of the kings of Dehli from Eiriiz Shah,A.H. 633, to Aurangzib, with the legends oftheir coins; written in January, A.D. 1809,for Mr. Eoster.

IV. Eoll. 199—355. A Masnavi on Tau-hid in Hindustani, eight lines in a page.

V. Eoll. 356—410. An abstract of Indianhistory, without preface or author's name.

Beg. \j <^ ^ u^jj"* ^'^tP*- (j 0^ Jj^

It contains a short account of the cosmo¬gony and divisions of the world according tothe Hindus, of the Subahs of India and theirrevenue, of the early kings of India and ofthe kings of Dehli from the Muslim conquestto Shah 'Alam, A.II. 1204.

VI. Eoll. 411—417. A list of the earlykings of Persia, and of the sovereigns ofBengal.

VII. Foil. 419—429. Tabulated list ofthe sovereigns of Hindustan from Judhishtirto Shah 'Alam.

Add. 25,016.Eoll. 134 ; 6 in. by 4 ; 11 lines, 2 in. long;

lithographed in small Nestalik; dated Rama-zfin, A.H. 1248 (A.D. 1832).

I. Eoll. 1—108. The Journal of the siegeof Haidarabad, by Ni'mat Khan 'AH. Seep. 268 a.

II. Eoll. 109—132. Husn u 'Ishk,bythesame. See p. 703 b.

The last two folios contain a eulogy on theauthor by the editor, Mirzii Hamzah Mazan-darani.

Add. 25,493.Foil. 138; 7 in. by 4 ; 15 lines, 2\ in. long;

written in fair Nestalik in two gold-ruledcolumns, with 'Unvan, probably in the 17thcentury.


I. Eoll. 2—58. Rauzat ul-Anvilr, byKJjwaju KirmSnl. See p. 621 a.

On fol. 12 there is a considerable gap,without any apparent break. It extendsfrom the latter part of the prologue to thefourth Makalah, and corresponds to foil.156—161 of Add. 7758. The last page isalso wanting.

II. Eoll. 59—132. Mazhar ul-Asar, byHashimi. See p. 802 b.

Add. 25,791.Eoll. Ill; 7f in. by 4£; 14 lines (3 in.

long) in a page; written in a small andplain Nestalik, and dated (fol. 36 b) Mu-harram, A.H. 1208 (A.D. 1793).

[Wm. Cureton.]

I. Eoll. 2—36. An abridged recension ofthe Institutes of Timur (Jos. White's edition,pp. 156—408), with the continuation.

II. Eoll. 38—77. Two extracts from theTarikh i Nadiri (see p. 192), relating to NfldirShah's invasion in India and to his death,and corresponding to foil. 166—188 and227—237 of Add. 6576.

III. Eoll. 78—111. JjV|j. an accountof the kings of Dehli from Judbishtir toShahjahiin, giving the name and length ofreign of each.

Beg. s^S» if\ ^ Lf^j Jj j jj-k

The author, who designates himself bythe poetical surname Vail, is called in thesubscription Banvali Das, Munshi of DaraShikuh, Ijta ÎkL. ûi* A$ (jda**^ (_Âî.>t^L. In other copies he is called BhavanIDas t_y»b (_^^->.. AMasnavi ascribed by Dr.Sprenger to Vali Earn, called Banvali Das,Oude Catalogue, p. 589, is probably also dueto him.

Add. 25,792.Eoll. 202; 9i in. by 5|; 12 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik; datedFathabad, Safar, A.H. 1066 (A.D. 1656).

[Wm. Cureton.]

I. Eoll. 1—107. Zikr ul-Muluk, by Abdul-IIakk Dihlavl. See p. 223 b.

II. Eoll. 109—130. An extract relatingto 'Ali, from the Manakib Murtazavi ofMir Salih (see p. 151 a). Rules for blood¬letting. An account of the Hindu Jugs, orages of the world. An anecdote of Abul Ali Ibn Sina. Account of Shaddad, theKing of Yaman. Historical anecdotes re¬lating to 'Imad ud-Daulah, Azud ud-Daulah,Mamun, Shiih Shuja 1, Rashld and the Bar-makides. An account of the embassy sentby Mirza Shah Rukh to China, A.H. 822,from Maagir ul-Buldan, and other extracts.

III. Eoll. 131—199. The Institutes ofTimur, fol. 131 a. The Designs and Enter¬prises, fol. 170 a. Continuation of theInstitutes (Add. 26,191, foil. 326—347),slightly imperfect in the end, fol. 188 b.

Add. 25,823.Eoll. 105; 12 in. by 8; from 13 to 15

lines, 3| in. long; written in Nestalik, for aMr. Rigby, dated Surat, Jumada II., A.H.1231 (AD. 1815). [Wm. Cureton.]

I. Foil. 1—73. The Divan of Hilali. Seep. 656 a.

II. Eoll. 74—105. A collection of Hindu¬stani poems, including elegies on the deathof Hasan and Husain, with a few Persianverses.

Add. 25,835.Foil. 246; 9 in. by 5£; from 15 to 17

lines, about 4 in. long; written in Nestalik;apparently in India, about tbe close of the18th century. [Wm. Curkton.]

I. Foil. 4—60. unft the tale of'Akil, the carpenter's son, Prince Kais, andPrincess Giti-Afruz.

Author: Ahsan Ullah, &\ u ^

Beg. o» t£ <j»»V j j 1

The author states at the end that he hadwritten this tale in Shahjahanabad duringthe reign of Aurangzib. The date is enig¬matically conveyed by the following line :

!i> i^ôwS \j J tiT***^ (J*^ ^

" With a fair and sweet mate let loose theheart," which, interpreted as a chronogram,probably means: " from the total formed bythe words u*>^-j w^K *• 1152, let gothe heart, or the value of the middle letter,of e^~o, viz. 60." This would give A.H.I 092.

II. Poll. 61—149. ^> yVythe story of Shir Mardan 'All Murtaza.

Beg. C**$j yîUj J->j\ ... all j*^^S^j^j^l

It comprises a series of fabulous narrativesrelating to the favourite hero of a Shi'ahlegend, as follows :—'All's expedition againstZumrah the fire-worshipper, king of theBarbars, fol. 61. The story of HanafiyyahBanu, a daughter of the Kaisar of Rum,captured by AH, and of the son she borehim, Stmhzildah Muhammad i Hanafiyyah,fol. 71. All's encounter with a dragonin the Maghrib, fol. 89. All's expeditionagainst the infidels, in revenge of AmirHamzah's death, fol. 98, etc.

III. Poll. 150—246. The tales of a parrot(see p. 753 a), wanting a page at the begin¬ning, and breaking off in the twenty-secondtale.


long; written in Nestalik; dated Akbarabad(Agra), A.H. 1082 (A.D. 1671).

[Wm. Cureton.]

I. Poll. 2—72. Akhlak i Nasiri, theethics of Nasir ud-Dln Tiisi (see p. 441 b),with the earlier preface mentioned p. 442 a.The later preface has been added in themargin.

II. Poll. 73—180. The Ruba is of MullaSahabi (see p. 672 a), about five thousandin number, alphabetically arranged.

Beg. >_yS»I _j <J^£jj j l_j^s- jJIp ^J> j& i^j *^»

III. Poll. 181—215. Theological tractsby Mansur (Ghiyag ud-Din; see p. 826 a),Aka Husain Khansari, and Muhammad BakirDamad (see p. 835 a), in Arabic.

Add. 25,856.Poll. 308; in. by 5f; from 11 to 15

lines a page; written by several hands, inPaizabad, Oude, about A.H. 1230 (A.D.1815). [Wm. Cureton.]

I. Poll. 1—53. Ô) J^, a HindustaniMasnavi, composed in refutation of ^>li' t_su»>,a Sunni poem, A.H. 1231.

II. Poll. 54—109. 'jl^ 1 l,y>, a Shlahmanual on the laws relating to ablution,prayer, and fasting, in nine Babs.

Author : Muhammad Husain Tihrani, i^s?j\j^> yw*

Beg. iij-> y^ji- j* ass- ^ j ±£? £L\ U LJ1 jyi ^

The author, a Shi'ah convert, wrote it inMashhad by order of the great MujtahidSayyid 'All ut-Tahatabai, as a popular

abridgment of that learned man's Arabictreatise, designated as âi*.* ^.jt*.

III. Foil. 110—184. U W j*.U>\ j i£*it>W. A work treating of Sin ahtraditions relating to 'All, and of some nicepoints of Shi'ah law.

Author: Ahmad B. Muhammad Rizfi B.Muhammad Bakir ul-Mazandarfini, u >. &**\

^^jUlyb u> \*>j Jâ?

Beg. jJuJIj J3^\\ \lc/\ <j*l\ 41 jÛThe work, which consists of an intro¬

duction and eight chapters (Fasl), is dedi¬cated to Navvab Muhammad Darab l AliKhan Bahadur (steward of the Begam ofOude from A.H. 1196 to A.H. 1230; seep. 310 a).

IV. Foil. 185—193. uiijflS j j^rA+i?. Comments on a saying of Imam

Riza relating to free will and predestination,by Mulla Muhammad Bakir (see p. 20 a).

Beg. ^ Js^° ^» Juo U>! . . . &Dij*

V. Foil. 194—308. L-*»UJ< j^.ji, a worktreating of the merits and prerogatives of'AIL

Author: 'Ali B. Ibrahim, surnamed Dar-

vish Burhan, J^^jte j***^ tf. ^

Beg. ^J>** ^j^-j" V*** tjt J l_^'y!'fc40*'^M,It is stated to have been abridged from

an extensive Arabic work of the same authorentitled uJiUuJl (see Bibliotheca Spren-ger., No. 167). It is divided into an intro¬duction and twelve Babs.

Add. 25,860.Foil. 173; 8| in. by 6£; 16 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in a cursive character; datedMednipur, Orissa, A.H. 1224 (A.D. 1809).

[Wm. Cureton.]vol. n.

I. Foil. 1—41. ^ t-j<J**, a treatise onthe rules of syntax applied to Persian, andillustrated by poetical quotations.

Author : Amir Haidar HusainI Balgrami,j^-—

Beg. ^ ^jio ^ j Jj- Ja. L5»1 Jffli Sâ.

This work was written, as stated in thepreface, in A.H. 1214.

II. Foil. 42—89. lJj-oN t-*^*, a treatiseon the formation of Arabic words used inPersian, by the same author.

Beg. c^*^si s i> ad)!** j>i^j\ o^j^ 0j^jo <-->\>j\j>,III. Foil. 90—111. ^j\> a Persian

grammar.Author: Baushan 'Ali Ansari Jaunpiiri,

Beg. ^yjtj j J6±>.J} CjjAs- lx»>- jjo

Baushan 'Ali, known as the author ofseveral treatises on arithmetic and grammar,and of an imitation of Hariri's Makamat, diedas professor in the College of Fort William,Calcutta, about A.D. 1810. See Tarikh iFarrukhabad, Or. 1718, fol. 177, and above,p. 311 b.

The work, which is founded on the Far-hang i Rashidi (see p. 500 b), is divided intoa Mukaddimah, eleven Babs, and a Khati-mah. It has been printed in Calcutta,A.H. 1232 and 1249, and lithographed inLucknow.

IV. Foil. 112—170. The prose works ofZuhiiri (sec p. 741 &, artt. i.—v.), wanting thelatter part of the Ruka at.

Add. 25,866.Foil. Ill; lOf in. by 7; 18 lines, 4£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with four 'Un-vans; dated Jumada I., A.H. 1229 (A.D.1814). [Wm. Cureton.]

3 i

)

MANUSCRIPTS OF MIXED CONTENTS.858

Four prose works by Mirzil Katil, viz.:Letters from Persia, fol. 1. Shajarat ul-Amftni, fol. 19. Nahr ul-Fasahat, fol. 31.Char Sharbat, fol. 62. See p. 794 b, artt. i—iv.

Add. 25,871*Foil. 177; 8£ in. by 5|; written by

several hands, apparently in India, in the18th and 19th centuries. [Wm. Cureton.]

I. Foil. 2—36. A treatise on astronomyby 'Ali Kushi. See p. 458 a.

II. Foil. 39—54. A short treatise onArabic conjugation, called in the subscrip¬tion Jfrt, Sec p. 523 b, Add. 5566.

III. Foil. 55—107; dated ShavvaJ, A.H.1231 (A.D. 1816) Jjo \JL-j, a treatise onArabic flexion, translated from the Englishof (John) Baillie, Professor of Arabic in theCollege of Fort William.

Beg. (v31«j, ij>\ Ato U\ . . . jj^JW^ <_->j <*ll

Jj-a'j i-i_ >j-a jd £*~*>)

IV. Foil.-109—157; dated Kabi'II., 24thyear of Shah 'Alam (A.H. 1196, A.D. 1782).Journal of the siege of Haidarabad, by Ni'matKhan 'Ali. See p. 268 a.

V. Foil. 158—169. A portion of a collec¬tion of anecdotes in Arabic.

VI. Foil. 171—177. The Pand-namah ofSa'dT, imperfect at beginning and end.

Add. 26,173.Foil. 68; 8£ in. by 3|; 17 lines, 3 in. long,

in a page; written in Naskhi and cursiveIndian Nestalik, apparently in the 18th cen¬tury. [Wm. Eeskine.]

A scrap-book containing prayers, and shortpoems in praise of Muhammad, in Arabic,Persian and Hindustani.

Add. 26,237.Foil. 215; 9 in. by 5; 13 lines, 3 in. long;

written in Nestalik, in India; dated A.H1192 and 1200 (A.D. 1778 and 1786.)

[Wm. Ekskine.]

I. Foil. 2—77. Dastur ul-'Amal Again.See p. 402 a.

II. Foil. 78—128. anaccount of Dehli, by Navvab Dargah KuliKhan Bahadur Salar Jang Mutaman ud-Daulah.

Beg. i_^y fcirfWjj .. . ^l^r* v^ji JfijtiiUJI

It was written, as stated in a short pre¬amble, during the author's stay in the capital,whither he had followed Nizam ul-MulkAsafjiih. This probably happened in A.H.1150, when the latter Amir was called byMuhammad Shah to Dehli, and stayed theretwo months (see Ma'agir ul-Umarii, fol. 567).Shaikh Hazin, who came to India A.H. 1147,is mentioned by the author as one of thepoets of Dehli; but there is no reference tothe invasion of Nadir Shah which took placein A.H. 1151.

Dargah Kuli Khan, son of Khanadan KuliKhan, traced his origin to the Burbur, aTurkish tribe fixed near Mashhad, but hisforefathers had settled in India under Shah-jahan. Born in Sangmir, Deccan, A.H. 1122,he rose in the service of Nizam ul-Mulk AsafJah, who kept him in constant attendanceupon himself. He received from SalabatJang the titlo of Mutaman ud-Daulah, andthe Subahdari of Aurangabad, and died A.H.1180. See Hadikat ul-'Alam, vol. ii. p. 283.

The author notices not only the sacrededifices and places of public resort, the fes¬tivals, and the tombs of the saints, but alsothe celebrated Shaikhs, poets, singers, anddancers, who lived at that time in Dehli.

III. Foil. 129—170. jJaJj^Uj*, a treatiseon Persian prosody.

Author : Sayyid Muhammad B. Muham¬mad Bakir Musavi, poetically surnamed Va-lih, Jiy u^** <jy»yjfc ^ s ^

Beg. sx» J U J J Lr*^J ^ Jtr** &L~^This elementary treatise, which the author

wrote at the instance of some friends inA.H. 1140, is divided into a Mukaddimah,three Babs, and a Khatimah. The metresare illustrated by numerous examples, amongwhich are many verses of the author's com¬position.

IV. Foil. 177—215. j£\fl3T fs&r1 , a trea¬tise on pyrotechny.

Beg. JJi» j> ^jju n!> \J>\ti>- j< _jIt is a compilation from the most approved

works on the subject, divided into twentychapters. Its approximate date may be in¬ferred from a reference to a firework pre¬pared for the Shab i Barat of A.H. 1183.

Add, 26,243.Poll. 09; 8^ in. by 0; from 15 to 17 lines,

about 4 in. long; written in a cursive Indiancharacter, apparently in the 18th century.

[Wm. Erskine.]I. Poll. 2—11. The first part of the

Journal of the siege of Haidarabad, by Ni'matKhan 'All. See p. 208 a.

II. Poll. 12—08. (jr^.jJ* a com¬mentary on some difficult verses in the firstpart of the Iskandar Namah of Nizami, byMuhyi ud-Din B. Nizam ud-Din; imperfectat the end.

Beg. jl*«S>l djf* ^\<i}t?j* ^o^V^The author, who was a disciple of Sayyid

Ashraf Jahangir (see p. 412 a), compiled itA.H. 950, from the marginal notes of a writerdesignated as Shaikh Muhaddig, and from

other sources, by desire of his patron, Nasirud-Din Miyan 'All Slur.

See Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 522.

Add. 26,267.Foil. 41; 9^ in. by 7; 15 lines, 4g in. long;

written in Nestalik, apparently in India, onpaper water-marked 1800. [Wm. Erskine.]

I. Foil. 2—37. Counsels of Nizam ul-Mulk (see p. 440 a), wanting the last quarterof the work (Or. 250, foil. 71—93).

II. Poll. 37 4—41. Notice on the life of

Maulana Muhammad KazI, O^*- J!^ U L_>U^Jy*

This Shaikh, originally called MuhammadB. Burhiin ud-Din, was a native of Samar¬kand, and became a disciple and Khalifah ofthe well-known chief of the Nakshabandiorder, Khwajah 'Ubaid Ullah Ahriir (seep. 353 4). He is the author of the Silsilatul-'Arifin (sec Ilaj. Khal., vol. iii. p. 007),in which he gave an account of his own life.Having left Bukhara at the time of the Per¬sian conquest, A.H. 910, he settled in Anda-jiin, and died A.H. 921. Sec Tarikh i Rashidi(sujM'a, p. 107 4), and Tabakat i Shfihjahanl,fol. 145.

The author of the notice, whose name doesnot appear, had received his information fromthe disciples of Muhammad Kazi.

Add. 26,273.Poll. 143; 8 in. by 4^; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, about thebeginning of the 19th century.

[Wm. Erskine.]I. Poll. 2—109. History of the Deccan

from the rise of the Bahmani dynasty toA.H.1203.

Beg. e^*>! j jk< Jsxj3 i 2


This work, which has neither title nor pre¬face, was written, as appears from a referenceto the current year, fol. 15 a, in A.H. 1203.The substantial agreement of the chapterrelating to the Marattas with the Bisat ul-Ghana'im of Lachhmi Narayan Shafik (seep. 328 b) leads to the inference that it is dueto the same author. It is probably a lateredition or abridgment of the history of theDeccan which Lachhmi Narayan is known tohave written A.H. 1200, a date expressed byits title uJr&J (see p. 238 V).

Contents:—Introduction treating of thewealth of the Deccan, the manners and cha¬racter of its inhabitants, and their mode ofwarfare, fol. 2 a. The Bahmanls from theirorigin to the rise of Amir Barid, fol. 3 a.The kings of Bijanagar from the accession ofTamraj to the death of his son Ramriij, inA.H. 972, fol. 6 a. The 'AdilshahTs of Bijapurdown to the capture of Sikandar, A.H. 1097,fol. 15 b. The Nizamshahis of Daulatabaddown to their extinction, A.H. 1040, fol. 43 b.The Kutubshahis down to the capture of Gol-conda, A.H. 1098, fol. 64 b. Some chiefswho attained a short lived independency, viz.Bahadur Gdani, in Kokan, DastQr Dinar, anAbyssinian eunuch, in Hasanabad and Sa-ghar, Fathullah 'Imad ul-Mulk in Berar,Amir Kasim Barid in Bedar, fol. 67 a.Asafjah Nizam ul-Mulk, and his successors,the Nizams of Haidarabad, down to the peacemade by Nizam 'Ali with Nana Pharnavis,fol. 68 b. The Marattas from the rise of theBhoslah family to the battle of Panipat,A.H. 1161, which is described at great length,fol. 74 a. Here the copy breaks off, thedeath of Jankoji being the last event re¬corded.

II. Foil. 110—136. »U» aJU,, an ac¬count of the Sikhs from their origin to A.H.1178.

Author: Budh Singh, of the Khatri caste,surnamed Arurah, iJ}J \ l-^c l^t*^ fj> lA>.

Beg. U*j1 C^Lc- ^ ^.^i j u^tjlfiThe author, who describes himself as a

servant of the Dchli Court and an inhabitantof Lahore, states in the preface that he hadwritten this work by desire of Major JamesMordaunt, u***- j£° tiiUSl j^a> &!Jt>J\

CLo^s jc\$> i^s-Laitaj*, who had ar¬rived at the capital A.H. 1197, and to whoseservice he was attached. He adds that hehad been assisted in its composition by La-lah 'Aja'ib Singh, of the Suraj tribe,

j»yThe narrative, beginning with a short

notice on Nanak and a meagre enumerationof his successors, becomes fuller for the timeof Guru Gobind, and still more so for thesubsequent period, in which transactions arerecorded year by year, from A.H. 1131 to1178. The last event mentioned is the attackof the Sikhs on Ahmad Shah Durrani, duringhis retreat across the Satlaj, A.H. 1178. Theauthor adds that from that time to the dateof composition the Sikhs had remained in un¬disturbed possession of their territories.

III. Foil. 137—143. Fragment of achronicle written in the reign of Farrukh-siyar. It contains an account of that em¬peror's accession in Dehli, and of the expedi¬tion of *Abd us-Samad Khan, Subadar of La¬hore, against the Sikhs, which ended in thecapture and execution of their chief Banda,(A.II. 1126. See Khiifi Khan, vol. ii. p. 761).

It begins with the heading: Ca^t u^^r^jjlcji j t^jte- »Uj3b £ J

j jm Ji-Z'-f _j j«>jliLflM

The author, whose name does not appear,states incidentally, fol. 141 b, that he servedat that time as Na'ib under 'Arif Beg Khan,governor of Lahore.

On the fly-leaf of the MS. is written,"From Gen. Malcolm to Win. Erskine,Nov. 1811."

Add. 26,275.Poll. 49; 8 in. by 6; from 10 to 20 lines;

written by several bands, apparently in tbe19tb century. [Wm. Erskine.J

I. Poll. 1—13. A short account of tbeMarattas from tbe rise of Sivaji to the deathof Narayan (A.H. 1188).

Author: Munshi Husam ud-Din, ^J^*(jJiiJl |»U~r>-

Beg. J} L< j jy c\> way. j»y j d JjlAs tbe son of Narayan, Madhu Eao, who

was born A.H. 1188 (see Grant Duff, vol. ii.,p. 264), is spoken of as a child of two years,the work must have been written A.H. 1190.It concludes with a description of the Marat-tab country, its produce, trade, and customs.

II. Poll. 14—25. Extract from the Matla'us-Sa'dain (see p. 181 b), relating to theembassies sent by Shahrukh to China. SeeJournal des Savants, vol. xiv. p. 308.

III. Poll. 26—31. J^s- w * cL^UM<^>j\j>\, a versified treatise on the law of in¬heritance, in Arabic.

IV. Poll. 33—35. An account of theincursions of the Vahhabis into Hijaz andYaman, A.H. 1217 and 1218, by MunshiHajl 'Abd Ullah Makki.

V. Poll. 35—44. Preface of the Divan ofHafiz, with some Kasidahs.

VI. Poll. 45—49. A fragment of Pava'idZiya'iyyah. See the Arabic Catalogue,p. 232 b.

Add. 26,292.Poll. 114; 8in.by4|; 15 lines, 3 in. long;

written in cursive Shikastah-iimiz, apparentlyin India, in the 17th century.

[Wm. Erskine.JI. Poll. 2—86. Nuzhat ul-Arvah. See

p. 40 a.

II. Poll. 86 b— 94. Risalah i Khwajah AbdUllah Ansari. See p. 35 a.

III. Poll. 94 5—114. The Lava'ih ofJami. See p. 44 a.

Add. 26,293.Poll. 105; 7 in. by 4; 14 lines, 2{ in. long;

written in fair Sbikastah-amiz; dated Sha'-ban, A.H. 1079 (A.D. 1669).

[Wm. Erskine.J

I. Poll. 2—86. jxu)\ ^y-, a collectionof moral anecdotes.

Beg. e^-^J i_r^- \ u^.^-»ts:*ij

The author describes in a fanciful prologue,evidently imitated from Sa'di's Gulistan, anenchanted garden in which he culled theseflowers for his friends. The work is writtenin ornate prose, interspersed with verses, andis divided into twenty sections called Lam'ah,a table of which is given in the preface.They treat of good manners, modesty, meek¬ness, justice, liherality, patience, and othervirtues, or of passions and vices, each ofwhich is illustrated by the precepts of Mu¬hammad and by anecdotes, chiefly relatingto prophets and saints.

The author gives bis name at the begin¬ning of the epilogue, fol. 85 b. Althoughit has been purposely obliterated in thepresent MS., it appears, from the faint linesstill visible, to be Ibn Shams ud-Din Muham¬mad Sharif u~Jl> as intwo other copies noticed in Melanges Asia-tiques, vol. ii. p. 58, and vol. iv. p. 498.

Before the epilogue is found the statementthat "the book was finished" at the end ofRabi' I., A.H. 1030. Whether that daterefers to the composition of tbe work, or tothe transcription of some earber copy, re¬mains doubtful: the fact that the second ofthe MSS. above mentioned is said to bear a

still earlier date, viz. A.H. 1024, favours thelatter alternative.

II. Foil. 88—103; about 30 lines in a page,written diagonally, in minute Nestalik.

The preface of Nauras, Gulzar i Ibrahim,and Khwan i Khalil, by Zulmri (see p. 741 6,I.—III.), and a letter to Shaikh Abul-Fazlby the same.

Add. 26,294.Foil. 124; Gf in. by 4±; 13 lines, 2| in.

long; written partly in Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century, partly (foil. 94—124)in cursive Shikastah-amiz, in the 18th cen¬tury. [Wm. Erskine.]

I. Foil. 2—18. Notice on the life andmiracles of Khwajah 'Abd ul-Khalik Ghuj-davani, ^j^sP jj)^ s*s-

Be g- £^ *Z>j* wli' s J^-j uA^' °

This celebrated saint, son of Shaikh 'Abdul-Jamil of Malatiyah, and one of the fourKhalifahs of Khwajah Yusuf Hamadani, whodied A.H. 535 (Nafahat, p. 428), was born inGhujdavan, near Bukhara, and died there,according to the Riyaz ul-Auliya, fol. 62, A.H.575, leaving a book of precepts, VasiyyatNamah, to his disciples (Haj. Khal., vol. vi.p. 444). See Nafahat ul-Uns, p. 431, Rasha¬hat, foil. 6 and 12, and Haft Iklim, fol. 582.

II. Foil. 19—50. Sayings of KhwajahBaha ud-Din Nakshaband, collected by Mu¬hammad B. Muhammad HafizI Bukhari.

Beg. t^V^ j fi» j ^v^* j ^ 'V*-

The subject of the notice, the founder ofthe order called after him Nakshabandi, wasborn in Bukhara A.H. 728, and died A.H.791. See Nafahat, p. 439, Rashahat, fol. 31,and Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz. 3, p. 87.

The work was written, as stated in the

preface, at the request of 'Ala ud-Din Mu¬hammad Bukhari, surnamed 'Attar, one of

9 | • *

the leading disciples of Baha ud-Din (whodied A.H. 802 ; See Nafahat, p. 445).

The writer of the notice, better known asKhwajah Muhammad Piirsa, an eminent fol¬lower of the same master, died in Medina,A.H. 822. See Nafahat, p. 448, Rashahat,fol. 33, and Habib us-Siyar, vol. iii., Juz 3,p. 142.

The work, which is endorsed «*rU» luUUu^.Jl Aîi is described in Krafft's Catalogue,p. 113, under the title *^xiiu!l .Compare Stewart's Catalogue, p. 28.

III. Foil. 51—71. Sayings and miraclesof Khwajah 'Ala ud-Din Bukhari ('Attar; seethe preceding art.), imperfect at the end.

Beg. c_j-jj> tf.^j j!^

IV. Foil. 72—76. Comments on a Ruba Iof Abu Sa'id B. Abil-Khair (see p. 738 b), be¬ginning jij plfi ftj]a^ and supposedto possess a healing virtue.

Beg. »_Jb^ j uiU A jji

V. Foil. 77—78. Observations of JamIon the hidden meanings of the Kalimah, orCreed.

Beg. vô.ljjt ^\>j\ <-l*~?3 ^ «M ^

VI. Foil. 79-86. Teachings of Khwajah'Abd ush-Shalrid Ju$£^ jj* C-yi>. oolyon the rules and observances of religiouslife.

Beg. eô^j c^v»e> J\ (jSJjj«s <j\VII. Foil. 87—93. Comments on this

Hadl§, i_J5 J***>. J^W*** X? ^goj ^y*— >. ")lby Farid Mas ud Abu Bakr 'Umar

Salah Bukhari.

Beg- ij^xfi • • • • <4Jj îSjx**ic i^>ji i_fi^)t'C

VIII. Foil. 94—96. Explanation of Mu-

hammad's answer to the question, Uj, u tf ^J* ^ ^

Beg. j \jfx>3 ttH^-j uL)b ÎX. Foil. 97—100. Jami's comments on

a mystic couplet of Amir Khusrau, beginning:

(jft^T y. $ cilV Ûjdj

X. Foil. 102—104 Another recensionof art. v.

XI. Foil. 105—112. Sufi notes of KhwajahMuhammad Parsa (see art. ii.) found in themargins of some of his books.

Beg. JU ftl—sf" (jiJ.ll-> JUu (jijliS'jl A>oThe title «A-»î)1euilU is found in the

subscription.

XII. Foil. 113—116. A tract on theroad leading to communion with God, ^«3Lu,

j5 J^k, by JamT.

Beg. J\ j5\j> ij\ j*»

XIII. Foil. 117—124. A tract in proseand verse, by Jami, on the mystic meaningof the plaintive flute mentioned in the firstline of the Masnavi.

Beg- « j > l*j i/^ >

Add. 26,295.Foil. 128; 7 in. by 4£; 17 lines, 2f in.

long; written in Naskhi, with two 'Unviinsand gold-ruled margins, apparently in the18th century. [Wm. Erskine.]

I. Foil. 2-51. j tffl -f,a treatise showingthat Sufism may bcbroughtinto harmony with orthodoxy.

Author: 'Abd ul-Hakk B. Saif ud-DInDihlavi (see p. 14 a).

Beg. j*&>- j>p <j*j U\ . . . iii

II. Foil. 52—86. '»SJ comments

of the same upon the Coranic verse

g\ u*!^ ^)+~2>\ ( Sur - xxiv., v. 35).

Beg. »,yo u*J)l\j <jl>\j*J\ j3 » or3J\ jJJ ^1

It is an enlarged edition of a previoustract of the author, based upon Ghazali's

(Haj. Khal., vol. v. p. 558).

III. Foil. 86—95. A treatise by the sameon the practice observed by Muhammad withregard to dress, <_>*LJ L->bT W L> ^ «JU-,

<^->j*02-

Beg. c-*a2 j e^*j (_ri j Jkjfa* 3 s*>- **>The author refers occasionally to his Per¬

sian translation of the 'ijiJL* (seep. 14 a).

IV. Foil. 97—128. A description of thepersonal appearance of Muhammad wJ»- <ul»-î-Û j-- CJya^ by the same.

Beg. HjLaMj oJîj t>yr J* <tU ^^J^ <«J1\It is extracted from the work entitled

S^juJI ^jb <i) which the author had just com¬pleted. The Madarij has been printed inLucknow, A.H. 1283.

Add. 26,296.Foil. 99 ; 7 in. by 4±; 9 and 13 lines,

about 3 in. long; written in Shikastah-amiz,and Nestalik, apparently in the 18th cen¬tury. [Wm. Erskine.]

I. Foil. 2—17. (_rf D\ j^Mj a tract onthe character of Muhammad, without author'sname.

Beg. jjtOJ>- j\

II. Foil. 19—99. A new recension of theFasl ul-Khitab, in which the Arabic textsare translated into Persian.

Beg. ^ »6 \j i/jtf <y>J\ tj\±>\ (j Îx*.^JÛaJ ^jV. ais-


The author of the original work, who isnot named by the translator, is KhwiijahMuhammad Parsa, who has been already-mentioned, p. 862 b. The Fasl ul-Khitabcontains an account of the lives of the twelveImams, based upon the most authentic Sunnirecords, to the exclusion of Shi'ah traditions,which are rejected as arrant heresies. Itscontents have been stated in the Jahrbiicher,vol. 84, Anzeigeblatt, p. 37, and in theVienna Catalogue, vol. hi. p. 421. CompareRauzat ush-Shuhadii, fol. 123, Haj. Khal.,vol. iv. p. 422, Stewart's Catalogue, p. 29,and the St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 215.

The date of the present recension, A.H.1010, is expressed by the versified chrono¬gram :

£/j j /

f/ ÛiW r * j\ j\ j>

Add. 26,297.Foil. 19 ; 6f in. by 4|; 12 and 16 lines;

written in Naskhi, in the 18th century.[Wm. Erskinb.]

I. Foil. 2—14. A metaphysical tract onthe various degrees of existence, t_- J^x>,côSjs-j* .0 obj>^, ascribed in the endorse¬ment to Mir Sayyid Sharif (see p. 522 a).

Beg. l-A*^ UWj *1M liiftijj

II. Foil. 15—19. A short treatise onPhysiognomy, XsUS

Author: Muhazzib ud-Dln Ahmad B.'Abd ur-Eiza, \^>J\ jj* ^ ^=-1

Beg. jâiSl «Jj j& ^\)\ Jlii JjSJ ±a?j

Add. 26,299.Foil. 116; 81 in. by 5f; 17 lines, 3| in.

long; written in cursive Nestalik, in India,A.H. 1159 (A.D. 1746). [Wm. Erskine.]

I. Foil. 1—84. Favatih i Maibudi. Seep. 19 b.

II. Foil. 85—95. A tract on the soul.

Beg. t-â'j \i\ jjs- b j{ ^ \*\

û* J) (jjUlThe author, whose name does not appear,

states the opinions of various schools, such asthe Ash'aris, Mu'tazilahs, Sufis, the Greekphilosophers, etc., as to the nature of thehuman soul.

III. Foil. 105 5—111 b. ZÛi) io*a-MSj^tt

A rational demonstration of the SunniCreed, in Arabic, by Abd ul-IIamid B. Za-kariyya B. Muhammad ul-Kufi.

The rest of the volume contains shortnotes and extracts on religious and meta¬physical subjects.

Add. 26,301.Foil. 30; 8|in.by7; 11 lines, about 4± in.

long; written in Nestalik, in the early partof the 19th century. [Wm. Erskine.]

I. Foil. 2—14. An account of some natu¬ral curiosities in the Maghrib, Spain, andother countries, translated from the Arabicof Sayyid 'Abd ul-Vahhab.

Beg. f\ (--^frjb.j *»ja£>b t-AjfcjM ^ jju*»It is stated that 'Abd ul-Vahhab had

written it at the request of his friend, HajMuhammad Ibrahim Parkar. The translatorsays at the end that he had received it fromthe author.

It is endorsed t-jj** ^s,ijU c^jb>-\ ^»sgând described on the fly-leaf by Mr. Erskineas " written originally in Arabic by SyudAbdul Wahab of Bushire, about A.D. 1803."

II. Foil. 15—23. A sketch of the poli¬tical situation of Turkey, Arabia, Berbera,and the Somali coast, about A.D. 1803.

Beg. $T CJJ ^ ^ $

MANUSCRIPTS OP MIXED CONTENTS. 8G5

The author, who does not give his name,had visited Medina under the Vahhabl rule.The tract, which appears to have been writ¬ten in Mocha, is endorsed -^fx*? fsjer*

pA>III. Poll. 24—30. The VahhabI creed,

^jlfcj a^jjic-, apparently translated from theArabic.

On the fly-leaf is written in Mr. Erskine'shand: " The above three tracts were trans¬lated into Persian by Kazee ShahaboodeenMuhuree of Bombay."

Add. 26,303.Poll. 49; 121 i n . by 7$; 15 and 11 lines;

written in Nestalik, the first part, foil. 1—37,dated Surat, A.H. 1257 (A.D. 1841), thesecond A.H. 1219 (A.D. 1804).

[Wm. Eeskine.]I. Poll. 1—30. uj^b J^,'a treatise

on ethics and politics.

Beg. j* u^.^j c_y>^"»The author is named in the present MS.

Path Ullah B. Ahmad B. Muhammad Shlrazi,and in another copy noticed in Melanges Asia-tiques, vol. hi. p. 493, Path Ullah B. AhmadB. Mahmud Shahristani, called Sabzavarl.He says in his preface that the two bestworks on ethics, viz. the Akhlak i Nasirl (seep. 441&), and the Akhlak i Sultani, written inIndia for Sultan Muhammad Jiinah (A.H.725—752; see p. 73 a), had from their pro¬lixity fallen with the lapse of time intoneglect. The present treatise, abridged fromthose two works, is dedicated to Zahir ud-Dln Amir Ibrahim Shah, whose enlightenedrule is said to have given peace and securityto the people of Yazd.

No notice of that prince has been found.The work is apparently earlier than the Akh¬lak i Jalali and the Akhlak i Muhsini (seepp. 442, 443), both written at the close ofthe nintli century of the Hijrah.

VOL. II.

Contents:—Mukaddimah. Classification ofthe sciences, translated from Abu *A1I IbnSina, fol. 2 b. Makfilah i. Ethics proper,fol. 7 a. Makalah n. Duties of man to¬wards his family and fellow men, fol. 10 b.Makalah m. Duties of rulers, fol. 17 b.

II. Poll. 31—37. Risalah i Khwajah'AbdUllah Ansari. See p. 35 a.

III. Poll. 38—49. The moral poem knownas Pand Namah i Sa'di.

Beg. u ju j ^li*. *j V/This poem, which contains in its last line

the name of Sa'di, is of doubtful authen¬ticity : it is not found in the Kulliyat ofthat poet. It is ascribed, however, to Sa'diin the Tarikh i Muhammad! (see p. 84 «),a work written A.H. 842, fol. 134, and hasbeen included in the Calcutta edition of theKulliyat. An English translation has beenpublished in Calcutta, 1788. A Prenchversion has been given by G. de Tassyin his Exposition de la foi musulmane, Paris,1822. The text has been edited with aLatin version by G. Geitlin, Helsingfors,1835.

Add. 26,318.Miscellaneous Oriental papers, written

about the beginning of the 19th century.[Wm. Erskine.]

The following are Persian:—A. Two sheets, 17| in. by 12. A table of

the Divan of Hiifiz, made, as stated in Mr.Erskine's Catalogue, on the copy kept at thepoet's tomb, and giving the first line of eachGhazal.

B. Three leaves, 8 in. by 6, 12 lines. Apanegyric on a Mr. Skene ^^iCj, by Safdar'AH Shah Munsif (see p. 725 a).

C. A single leaf, 19 in. by 8|, with flowerydesigns in gold and silver. Application of a

3 K

musician called Pirt'hashankar J^^j> tothe governor of SQrat for permission to per¬form in his presence.

D. A single leaf, 13 in. by 8J. Letter of aPersian official to a Turkish Vazir, acknow¬ledging the receipt of a letter through Ah¬mad Chalabi, and informing him of the lat-ter's gracious reception by the Shah. Itbears a stamp with the name 'Abd ul-Vahhabul-Musavi.

Add. 26,319.Foil. 30; 9 in. by 5}. [Wm. Erskine.]I. Foil. 1—4. A vocabulary of familiar

words and phrases in LakI tJi, a Kurdishdialect, with the Persian equivalents.

Beg. lijj^ u>jTj> o-»!»j*T siolfe ,i*T ejlfe

II. Foil. 5—7. A similar vocabulary ofthe Kurdish dialect of Ardalan, ^j^^

Beg. ooT^o e^»l»J*«T j««T j,.s

It appears from a short preamble, datedBushire April 12, 1811, that both theabove vocabularies were compiled by Mu¬hammad Husain Khan for General Sir JohnMalcolm.

III. Foil. 9,10. A short English-Kurdishvocabulary, containing a few common wordsof the latter language in the Roman cha¬racter.

IV. Foil. 11—16. "A Glossary of Turk!and other uncommon words in the Memoirsof Baber," giving the words in the order inwhich they occur in the text, with their Per¬sian equivalents.

V. Foil. 18—30. a U3 plyp a meta¬physical tract on the various degrees ofexistence or self-consciousness j^j-j t-o^*,with two circular diagrams; without author'sname.

Beg. s <*■*»■This copy is dated Rajab, A.U. 1141 (A.D.

1729).

Add. 26,320.Foil. 22 ; \\\ in. by 4£; about 12 lines;

written in rude Naskhi and Nestalik, ap¬parently in India, in the 18th century.

[Wm. Erskine.]

A scrap-book containing invocations toMuhammad, and poems in his praise, inArabic, Persian, and Hindustani.

Add. 26,322.Miscellaneous Oriental papers collected

by CI. J. Rich in Baghdad, early in the 19thcentury. [Wm. Ehskine.]

The following contain Persian texts:—I. Specimens of penmanship in various

characters, with dates ranging from A.H.1098 to 1229, on 31 leaves of various sizes.

III. Forms of official letters, dated Bagh¬dad, A.H. 1213 (A.D. 1798); endorsed byMr. Rich: " The writing of Mirza Reza, Per¬sian secretary to the Pasha of Baghdad.The character is Teressul."

V. A Kasidah in praise of Mr. Rich, bySayyid Katib.

VIII. A circular table of the musicalmoods, with some Persian verses relating tothe subject.

Add. 27,259.Foil. 541; 11 in. by 7; 27 lines, 2 in. long,

with 42 lines in the margins; written in aminute and neat Nestalik, with eleven highlyfinished 'Unvans and gilt headings; datedZulhijjah, A.H. 821 (A.D. 1419).

[Sir Joun Malcolm.]

I. The Khamsak, or five poems, of Nizami(see p. 564), viz.:—

1. Makhzan ul-Asrar, fol. 1. The date ofcomposition, A.H. 559, is found in the fol¬lowing line, fol. 44 b :

tr-^ ^ e^U,wli' ^ J j

The first page has been supplied by a laterhand.

2. Khusrau u Shirin, fol. 46. Dated A.n.576 (see fol. 160 a), as noticed above,p. 566 b.

3. Lailfi u Majnun, fol. 162. The date ofcomposition, A.H. 584, is found on fol. 170 b.

4. Haft Paikar, fol. 248. The poem isdated, as above, p. 567 a, A.H. 593 (see fol.343 b). The name of the king to whom itis dedicated is written, fol. 253 b, Arslan,

jr^

5. Iskandar Namah. First part with theheading ^t&A t_jyi>, fol. 345. Secondpart with the heading ^joilal *a*\3 jLi'l, fol.476. In the latter both prologue and epi¬logue are addressed to Nusrat ud-Dln, andthe date of composition, A.H. 592, is foundin the following lines, fol. 544 b :

j) *rf ))) j-i wVr4i-A)b j iSy

The record of Nizami's death mentionedp. 564 b is not found in this copy.

The margins contain the following :—II. The Khamsah, or five poems, of Amir

Khusrau (see p. 611 a), viz., Matla' ul-Anvar (wanting the first page), fol. 2 a.Shirin u Khusrau, fol. 66 b. Majnun uLaiia, fol. 165 b. Hasht Bihisht, fol. 228 b.A'inah i Sikandari, fol. 310 b.

III. j^y j j£, the love-adventures ofprince NaurQz and princess Gul, in Masnavirhyme, by Jalal J&>-, fol. 416 b.

Beg. ti)b clj^ 0 \ j>- JuJ<jj\i* fiji j\ i>y»-_jjii ^.LjlJ

Jalal ud-Din Ahmad, commonly calledJalfil Tabib, is described in a contemporarywork, Or. 165, fol. 107 (see p. 873 a), as askilled physician and elegant writer, wholeft, besides the present poem, treatises onArabic and Persian prosody, a work en¬titled Nuzhat ul-Arvah, and an extensiveDivan. He was much in favour with theprinces of the Muzaffar dynasty, Shah Mah-mud and Shah Shuja', and died, according toTaki, Oude Catalogue, p. 18, A.H. 795. SeeDaulatskah, V. 11, Haft Iklim, fol. 315, andRiyaz ush-Shu'ara, fol. 109.

The poem, the subject of which is statedin the prologue to be a story of the author'sinvention, is dedicated to a prince called inthe text Ghiyas ud-Dln, and in the headingGhiyas ud-Din Kaikhusrau. The date ofcomposition, A.H. 734, is stated at the end.fol. 418 a:

i-l^Lf-J J-ai j Jj^H £t->jj j iiu^flfc {-- >j 3? j

Ghiyas ud-Dln Kaikhusrau, son of Sharafud-Dln Mahmud Shah Inju, held some pro¬vincial government under his father. Heestablished himself in Shiraz A.H. 735, butwas overpowered and thrown into prison byhis brother Jalal ud-Din Mas'ud Shah A.H.738. See Shiraz Namah, fol. 89.

A copy is noticed in the Upsala Catalogue,p. 103.

IV. Gul u Nauruz, by Khwaju (seep. 622 a), fol. 449 b. It wants the latter part,corresponding to foil. 103—117 of Add.7758.

Copyist: ilii^yOn the first page of the MS. is a note dated

A.H. 1225, stating that it was then the pro¬perty of an Amir of the Kachar family, Mu¬hammad Hasan Khan, Ishik-Akasi-Bashi.

3 k 2

Add. 27,261.Poll. 546; 7i in. by 5 ; 25 lines, 3 in.

long, and about 60 in tbe margins; writtenin minute Naskhi and Nestalik, and richlyornamented with 'Unvans, gilt headings,illuminated borders, twenty-one whole-pageminiatures, and some coloured drawings ofsmaller size, the whole of the finest work ;dated from Jumfida I., A.II. 813 (fol. 110 6)to Jumada II., A.H. 814 (A.D. 1410—1411).

[Sir John Malcolm.]This curious volume, which from its com¬

pactness and the great variety of its contentsmay be called a pocket-library, was writtenfor a grandson of Timur, Jalal ud-Din Iskan-dar B. 'Umar Shaikh, who was at that timeruling over the province of Ears as a vassalof his uncle Shahrukh, and who, havingrebelled against his suzerain, was vanquishedand put to death in A.H. 817.

The following inscription, written in theSul§T and Kufi characters, and enclosed in arich border, at the beginning of the volume,contains the name and titles of its princely

owner: ÎSl* \ (bs-W {J±AJ>\ Sjd s>\ ^\J A\ Jfe u-yM yJfrSU U UaL, ^\

UjJ\ JÛ [HXSte w ±^j W

'f\ ^\ &\ js£»\ jyioi^jJib ^\ (j^jj Jft t4L dâ. **"$s\ ghjj *'AjC>

fjisM ^,\J)l\ culsf 0 ^.j «cijj

The first portion of the volume was writtenby Muhammad ul-Halva'i, who calls himself,from the name of his royal patron, al-Jalaliul-Iskandari, and the latter portion, foil. 372—542, by N.lsir ul-Katib.

A page of the MS., fol. 340 b, has beenreproduced by photography in the OrientalSeries of the Palaeographical Society, No. 49.

The contents are as follows:I. The Khamsah, or five poems, of Nizami,

viz., 1. Makhzan ul-Asriir, fol. 3.—2. Khus-rau u Shlrin, fol. 28.—3. Laila u Majnun,

fol. 90.—4. Haft Paikar, fol. 138. The kingfor whom the poem was written (see p. 567 a)is thus designated, fol. 141 a :

jjf ^*»}fr*> ^ <s>

jj\ iWj* (_y r _Li-Ji\ J-~J

jj\ ±3?\ Jl^b A=- }5. Iskandar Namah. Part I., headed i_Jj*»

fol. 190. Part ir., with theheading, {Jj ^\ Jbtf, fol. 259. Theprologue of the latter contains the dedicationto the king of Mausil, 'Izz ud-Din Abul-Fath Mas'ud, which has been noticed p. 569 a.Towards the end of the same part there is alacune corresponding to pp. 174—187 of theCalcutta edition. The next leaf, fol. 294 a,contains the last lines of an epilogue addressedto the same king Mas'ud.

II. Poll. 2946—301. Three episodes fromthe Shahnarnah of Eirdusi. They relate toSiyavush and Sudabah,Bizhan and Mamzhah,and Bizhan's rescue from the well by Rus-tam. See Macan's edition, pp. 396—399,755—760, and 795—799. To the above issubjoined, without any apparent break, anextract from the Humai Humayun of Khwfvju(see p. 620 b), in which it is related howHumai slew the demon Rand and releasedParizad from captivity. See Add. 18,113,foil. 16, 17.

III. Eoll. 3015—309. KasTdahs in praiseof Muhammad and the Imams, by the follow¬ing poets:—Anvarl (see p. 554 a). Suzani(died A.H. 569; see Daulatshah, ii. 10, andTaki, Oude Catalogue, p. 16). Sharaf ud-Din Shafruh(died about A.H 600; see Dau¬latshah, iii. 6, and the Oude Catalogue,p. 17). Eakhr ud-Din 'Iraki (see p. 593 b).Nasir Bajja'i (of Bajjah, near Ramjird, Ears.He died A.H. 715 ; see the Oude Catalogue,pp. 17, 85, Guzidah, fol. 243, and Haft Iklim,fol. 96). Kisa'i (he was born in Marv, A.H391, and addressed a poem to Sultan Mali-


mud Ghaznavi; sec Riyiiz ush-Shu'arii, fol.374, Haft Iklim, fol. 221, and the Oude Cata¬logue, p. 3). Hamzah KQchak. Futuhi (ofMarv, a contemporary of Adib Sabirand An-vari; see Haft Ikllm, fol. 224, and the OudeCatalogue, p. 4).

Kasidahs displaying artifices of composi¬tion, by Rashid ud-Din Vatviit (see p. 553 a)and Shihab ud-Din. Tarji's by Fakhr ud-Din 'Iraki (see p. 593 b).

IV. Poll. 309 b— 313. £U« J r ^!\ £>U«A KasTdali ingeniously contrived so as

to offer examples of all the Persian metres.Author: Kiviim ud-Din Zul-Fakiir, Jy

Beg. J*j^ nr*fThis poet, whose proper name was Sayyid

Kiviim ud-Din Husain B. Sadr ud-Din 'AH,left his native country Shirvan for Irak, and,having been recommended by the Vazir Mu¬hammad Masari to the Atabak of Lur, YusufShah, attached himself to that prince, inwhose praise he composed many poems. Hedied A.H. G89. See the Atashkadah, fol. 26,and Taki, Oude Catalogue, p. 17. YusufShah, who ruled as a vassal of the Moghuls,lived under Abiika Khan and Arghun, anddied, according to the Guzidah, A.H. 680.

An earlier date is assigned to Zul-Pakarby Daulatshah, iii. 2, and by the author of theHaft Iklim, fol. 538, according to whom helived under Sultan Muhammad B. TukushKhwarazmshah (A.H. 596—617), and wrotea poetical history of his reign in the measureof the Shalmamah.

The Kasidah is addressed to the VazirFakhr ud-Din Muhammad ul-Masari, andforms an acrostich containing his names andtitles. It is quoted by Daulatshah as theprototype of the artificial Kasidah of SalmanSavaji.

V. Poll. 314—340. Select Ghazals, about200 in number, by various poets, among

whom the most frequently quoted are thefollowing:—Sa'di. Fakhr ud-Din 'Iraki (seep. 593 b). Nasir Bukhari (p. 735 a). NizariKuhistani (died, according to Taki, OudeCatalogue, p. 18, A.H. 720. He is stated inthe Riyaz, fol. 452, to have been a friend ofSa'di; see also Daulatshah, iv. 14, and HaftIklim, fol. 335. His Kulliyat are noticed inthe St. Petersburg Catalogue, p. 365). Sal¬man (p. 624 b). 'Imad Pakih (a holy Shaikhwho lived in Kirman in the time of ShahSliuja', and died, according to Daulatshah,v. 1, and Riyiiz ush-ShuWi, fol. 298, A.H.773. See the Oude Catalogue, p. 436, andHaft Asman, p. 77). Amir Kir mam, whouses Mir for his takhallus (according to Dau¬latshah, iv. 20, a contemporary of Khwajii).Sayyid Ni'mat Ullah (p. 634 b). Sayyid Ja-lfll (son of 'Azud ud-Din, of Yazd, Vazir ofMuhammad Muzaffar. See Daulatshah, v. 9.He died, according to Taki, Oude Cata¬logue, p. 18, A.H. 793). Hafiz. KhusrauDihlavi (p. 609 a). Hasan Dihlavi (p. 618 a).

VI. Poll. 340 b— 342. A manual of astro¬

nomy) with the heading oIa ^s- ji>Author : Jamshid B. Mas'ud B. Mahmiid,

surnamed Ghiyas, i>y£ ^. tyu^c ^ J>i-i~»>-LL>\ijo cr *aii\

Beg. ^^jpllj C->!^*—!\ jli- ^jJIThe author states in a short preamble that

he had written this treatise by order of Sul¬tan Jalal ud-Dunya vad-Din Amirzadah Is-kandar Bahadur Khan (the royal owner ofthe MS.).

He was subsequently employed by MirzaUlugh Beg, as has been above stated, p. 450,in the astronomical observations commencedatSamarkand A.H. 823,and died shortly after.

The work is divided into twenty Babs; butthe present copy breaks off in the sixth. Sixleaves, which probably completed it, are lost.

VII. Poll. 343—344. o-jjJtt ^ r ai^ e ,elements of geometry, consisting of a few

theorems from the first hook of Euclid, withdiagrams.

Beg. J££> ^J*. j> J*li* JUs, ij>\ ±x> U

VIII. Foil. 344, 345. j+\ «JU,an alchemical treatise, written for Sultan Ja-lal ud-Din Iskandar.

Beg. 8^,5 liJW ftS^^lo (_5-? (J^V**

IX. Foil. 345 b —348. «*w ^'^ji> amanual of Shi'ah law, according to Imam'Ali B. Musa ar-Riza.

Beg. ^y£j»Cj>^&^J*j5 <JLhJ»\±a&^& ^jôUl

X. Foil. 348—364. *iJ* *Si, a treatiseon the law of religious observances accord¬ing to Abu Hanifah.

Beg. \#\ b Jl^J 4)1 J15 ij^ft t^ltf

XI. Foil. 365—372. ±JiJ*»\ j ^ e^>*a treatise on the computation of the calendarand the use of the astrolabe, with tables ofthe conjunctions of the planets.

Beg. f>..}3-^ j& j *a &? ^\ iiso \<\U->ÎJa-»1• ->

It consists of two Biibs, each of which isdivided into ten Fasls.

XII. Foil. 372 6—542. U^, anextensive treatise on astrology, in fifteenMakalahs.

Beg. J^J&J \Jj5) J v^-jV^*.j^jjjj^ \jt\&m (_>«Vw

The author, who does not give his name,states in the preface that, although astrologywas not his profession c^xo «i t£ jt>ij^v-f^ he had availed himself of a period ofleisure to write this treatise for the use ofbeginners, and he dwells at some length onthe manifold difficulties which former workspresented to the student. He had submittedit, as he says at the end, fol. 542 b, for ap¬proval to his master Abul-Hasan 'All B.Ibrahim un-Nasavi; and it appears fromanother passage, fol. 531 b, that the lastnamed astronomer lived in the fifth century

oftheHijrah; for he had dedicated his abridg¬ment of the Suvar ul-Kavakib of 'Abd ur-Rah-•man Sufi to Sayyid Murtaza, who died A.H.436. '

The years 412 and 443 of Yazdagird whicharc given as examples of calculations, foil.444 b and 479 b, and correspond with A.H.465, 466, were probably the current yearsat the time of composition; and it must benoticed that in the chapter on eras, fol. 383,no mention is made of the Tarikk i Jalaliinstituted by Malak Shah A.H. 471. Thearchaic character of the language and spel¬ling is quite in keeping with that early date.

The work is divided into fifteen Makalahs,variously subdivided into Babs, with thefollowing headings: * ±x$\ uA**- cîj** i* gj\jd1 j J1V cf<*B>\ r * ci^lxi-^j CJjjM r

* iÛ-tf 1 j JW1 J JjL-. o * ^ ] ^ J\ Ji-dAl f* Lr J^ iJ j~+A\ A » V * L-^VlJÎ CxJ/w 1

jJlyi J\*t) 11 ♦ jJU! I_^> |»&»-\ i. * gj i

* j»\5^-l jCS ir • \Zj\}i>y*£\ I r * l^)L» Jj } \J 3

• t_-*£)^3l OjÔ 10 * JoJ^ ^J*i îa-\ ll«

The margins, which form a distinct series,contain:—

XIII. Foil. 3—112. The Ilahi Namah ofFarid ud-Din 'Attar. See p. 576 «, art. ii.

XIV. Foil. 111—142. Mantik ut-Tair, bythe same. See ib., art. i. It breaks off inthe beginning of Makalah II.

XV. Poll. 142 6—287. An anthology con¬taining select pieces of upwards of three hun¬dred poets, from the fifth to the ninth century,classed according to their subjects or metricalforms under the following headings : Praiseof God, lUa-y. Praise of the Prophet,Exhortation and advice, cÂ^ j b^s-j*.Praise of 'Ali, ^ Coiu. Forms of adju¬ration, oL*~i. Retirement and virtues,j^j>-\ j.jlô j i£j;c Complaints of fortuneand the world. Descriptions of the fourseasons. Bacchic poems, o'j^ . Petitions,


and various descriptions, (_JLe^ j OWL.Laudatory poems. Artifices of versification,kZsj6»o. Miscellaneous subjects. Ghazals.Tarji's. Mukattaat. Mutafarrikat. Ruba'Is.

In some of the first of the above divisionsare found select verses ascribed to poets ofthe earliest period, as Firdusi, Kisa'i, fol.144 b, Asadi, 146 a, Farrukhi, 147 b, 'Asjadi,150 a, Minuchihri, 146 a, 'Umar Khayyam,148 Nasir Khusrau, 146 a, and Azraki,148 a.

The section of Ghazals, by far the mostextensive, contains alphabetical series fromthe Divans of the following poets :—Salman(see p. 624 b). Kamiil Khujandi (p. 632 b).Auhadi (p. 619 b). Sayyid Jalal ud-Din'Azud (see art. v.). Jalal ud-Din 'Atiki (whodied A.II. 744; see Taki, Oude Catalogue,p. 18). Maulana. Jalal ud-Din Khwafi. Ja¬lal Tabib (see p. 867 b). Hafiz. Nizari Ku-histani (see art. v.). 'Imad Fakih (ib.).Khusrau Dihlavi (p. 609 a). Fakhr ud-Din'Iraki (p. 593 b). Nasir Bukhari (p. 735 a).Ibn Yamin (p. 825 b). Bisati (p. 735 a).

XVI. Foil. 294—302. An abridgment ofthe Nizam ut-Tavarlkh (see p. 823 b), broughtdown to the reign of Abu Sa'id, son of Ulja'itu.

XVII. Foil. 302 b— 332. ^J\^\ ananonymous compilation, in twenty-eight Babs,treating of the properties and hidden virtuesof natural substances, of various magical andcabalistic operations, and of ingenious devicesand recipes for purposes of utility or amuse¬ment.

Beg- j\ ji-a i—*A*^ \j ^l&iSb (_>-U-i jXVIII. Foil. 332 b— 338. Madkhal Man-

zum. See p. 801 a.XIX. Foil. 345—396. Khaf I 'Alii'i. See

p. 475 a.

XX. Foil. 396 b— 398. An anonymoustreatise, in nine chapters (asl), on the diseasesof the horse.

Beg. rlfr jm>m ^ jA c^-^a^ ydwWtT ^Z&J+ir!

XXI. Foil. 398 a—403. atreatise on alchemy, compiled by order ofSultan Jalal ud-Din Iskandar, by Ghiyiis.Kirmanl, ^Io^l1>Ij£

Beg. i+£Jb g*\4^ ^JuJI c_>-jjJi31 4l) ij'

XXII. Foil. 420—504. Jam i Jam, byAuhadi. See p. 619 b.

XXIII. Foil. 504 b —539. &*U oaU-, atheological treatise in Masnavi rhyme, con¬taining an exposition of the Sunni creed,with Sufi comments and a refutation of here¬tical doctrines.

Beg. J?-j j» s^de- J*ai j

Jjljl t-*>^j 5iiJJ j)

The writer, who in the prologue designateshimself only by the patronymic Ibn Karim,is no other than the well-known author ofGulshan i Raz, Mahmud Ibn Abd ul-KarimShabistari. See p. 608 b, and Uaj. Khal.,vol. iii. p. 598.

He explains how he had been reluctantlyinduced by the prevailing taste of the age tostoop down to rhyming, although derogatoryfrom his high station, in order the better tomaintain the true doctrine in the midst ofthe ever increasing number of heresies. Thework consists, he says, of eight Babs, sub¬divided into Fasls. The latter comprise sec¬tions (asl) alternately headed w j.HJ\ c^(^jJLJl, or Cltf-f« J&«9, according asthey treat of the knowledge of the true doc¬trine, its essence, its spiritual significance, orthe false doctrines opposed to it.

The present copy contains only three Babs,viz.:—I. Knowledge of the nature of God, inthree Fasls, ful. 506. II. Attributes of God,in seven Fasls, fol. 516. in. God's actions,in eight Fasls, fol. 525.


Add. 27,317.Poll. 173; 9± in. by 5$; 15 lines, 3| in.

long; written in Nestalik, early in the 18thcentury. [Duncan Porbes.]

I. Poll. 1—134. The Divan of Shi-kuh, t^L.

Beg. IjVW J-a** Lf^^ Lfty (J-^ *'No record has been found of the author.

His period is approximately indicated by areference (fol. 49 b) to Sa'ibfi, who died A.H.1088 (see p. 693 a),

^JiXxAa ftSol ^\ tj&>

CijSsa ±)\> J£ uiip J/ ,Wj

while, on the other hand, an autograph poemwritten by 'Abd ul-Husain on fol. 135, anddated A.II. 1177, shows that the presentcopy cannot be later than that date. Promanother passage, fol. 133 a,

»Xl )T uJdli? f*J*3 Vjy- J fif isy* ^ J> ]j

it appears that the poet lived in Irak.Contents: — Ghazals alphabetically ar¬

ranged, fol. 2 b. Rubais in the same order,fol. 128 a. Blank spaces of a page or twohave been left at the end of every letter ofthe alphabetical series, apparently for furtheradditions.

II. Poll. 135—171. The Divan of Ghani.See p. 692 a.

Or. 165.Poll. 113; 9 in. by 6£; from 27 to 32 lines,

44 in. long ; written in small Nestalik, in the18th century. Prom the royal library ofOude. [Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]

I. Poll. 2—9. A fragment treating of thelife and precepts of Plato and Aristotle.

Be g- J** J vbVjuLaxjuc^ J*jU~>, ,>J5jb ^j>.

It breaks off in the section headed, u^bl^pJJjglVi^

II. Poll. 10—77. ULoM &a^, a work ongeneral history, relating more especially toIndia, and brought down to A.H. 1173.

The present copy contains only the last ofthree volumes (Jild) of which the work con¬sists ; it begins with the following rubric:n^jj j (-ilj^J (J-^sJLaliLa^ &jbiX»- ^x*m ilAs-

The arrangement and even the headingsare borrowed from the work of Pirishtah,which the author, while abridging it, closelyfollows, and, to some extent, textually tran¬scribes,

Contents:—Mukaddimah. Belief of theHindus; war of the Kauravas and Pan-davas.—Early Rajas.—Pa'idah. Pirst ap¬pearance of Islamism.—Rauzah 1. Sultans ofLahore, or Ghaznavis.—Rauzah n. Sultansof Dehli from Mu'izz ud-Din Sam to thedownfall of Iskandar Shah Sur (for the his¬tory of the Timurides the reader is referredto the second volume).—Rauzah III. Sultansof Deccan, in six dynasties.—Rauzah iv. Sul¬tans of Gujrat, and so on, as with Pirishtah,down to Rauzah xm., and last, which treatsof the rulers of Malabar.

The third volume was to be followed, asstated in the subscription, by the Khatimah.

In the Mukaddimah, fol. 10 b, the authorrefers to A.H. 1173 as the current year atthe time of writing.

The Hadikat us-Safa is mentioned in thelist of general histories prefixed to Elliot'sBibliographical Index, but it is not noticedin the same author's History of India. Anextract relating to the conquest of Assamhas been published in the Quarterly OrientalMagazine, vol. iii. pp. 267—285.

III. Poll. 78—79. A fragment, probablya part of the above mentioned Khatimah,with the heading:^IjlJj k»So- \—A>j*>*-J U^>- JV*^ &^r-}

i_->b *-> j> J*li-o U T *Uflj) (J-**1*

^■■^HHHIH ■HH

•T


It consists of the first and second Fasls ofBab I. They treat of philosophical schoolsand of Logic.

IV. Foil. 80—113. A work treating ofthe lives and sayings of philosophers, withoutpreface or title, beginning with the heading:U^- ) <-^*- j SfiA>*»

i_ jA+jjL*

The author, whose name is written, fol.

108 b, ^jJt JU* ^ J» ^ [sic] Uprobably for Haji Ahmad B.

'Ali B. ul-Hiij Jamal ud-Din Husain ul-An-sarT, was a son of Zain ud-Din 'Ali, the authorof the Ikhtiyariit i Badi'i (see p. 469 a). Inthe notice devoted to his father, the last ofthe work, he gives some account of himself.He was born in Shiraz A.H. 760, and hadspent forty years of his life in attendanceupon his father, who died A.H. 806. He hadwritten the following works : Miftah ul-Ku-nuz on the names of medicaments, Dastur ul-Mutaakkilin on sweetmeats, Tuhfat ul-Mulukon intoxicating drinks, Dastur uz-Zira'at onagriculture, Dastur us-Su'ada on the sayingsof sages, and some shorter treatises.

The first Kism, the only complete portionof the work, is divided into two parts, calledHarf, as follows :—I. On the value of learn¬ing. Notices on ancient philosophers, fol.80 b. ii. Lives and sayings of Muslim philo¬sophers, fol. 94 b.

The last section, beginning with Muham¬mad and 'Ali, ends, according to the listgiven at the beginning, with Maulana 'Alaud-Din Mansur, a physician who lived aboutA.H. 800. A brother of the above, 'Izz ud-Din Mas'ud, is stated, fol. 107 b, to have diedA.H. 813, and one of his nephews A.H. 817,the latest date mentioned in the work. Thebiographies aremeagre and the text extremelyincorrect.

Spaces, probably reserved for portraits of thesubjects of the notices, have not been filled.

Foil. 109—113 contain a fragment, ap- jVOL. II.

parently belonging to the same work. It isa chapter, imperfect at the end, on thestructure of the human frame, with the head¬

ing u Li1 W JJ gjl3 J*ai j\ j»jJ

Or. 207.Foil. 106; 8£ in. by 4f; 13 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik and Shikastah-amiz, before A.H. 1182 (A.D. 1768). Fromthe royal library of Lucknow.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]I. Foil. 3—69. Tazkirat ul-Mu'asirin, by

Shaikh 'Ali Hazin. See p. 372 b.

II. Foil. 70—106. A treatise on the chase,designated in the endorsement asby the same author.

Beg. ^Laai^ j\ t^)J\&* t£ i^AJuj (_>«U-»It is divided into two Mukaddimahs, three

Babs, and a Khatimah, as follows:—Legalprescriptions relating to the hunting andkilling of animals, and to those which it islawful or unlawful to eat. Bab I., whichforms the main bulk of the work. Noticeson wild animals, arranged in alphabeticalorder according to their Arabic names, fol.78 a. Bab II. Origin of animals, and theirnature, fol. 103 a. Bab in. Faculties of ani¬mals, fol. 105 a. Khatimah. Legitimate ob¬ject of the chase, fol. 106 b.

The MS. bears the seal of Sayyid SibghatUllah Khan, with the date A.H. 1182.

Or. 248.Foil. 316; 8|in.by5; 19 lines, 3 in. long;

written in small Naskhi; dated Muharram,A.H. 1130 (A.D. 1717).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]I. Foil. 2—72. Takmil ul-Iman, by 'Abd

ul-Hakk Dihlavi. See p. 827 b, i.

II. Foil. 72—77. Hjm, a tract onthe love of worldly goods, by 'Ali B. Husam

3 L


ud-Dln, known as al-Muttaki (see p. 356 a). IBeg. 8^-3)) spaii' Lj li3\ J»- & s+s^1HI. Eoll. 77—81. A Masnavi, in ten

Easls, on ascetic life, headed u-^lal^ '-r>3*j*Beg. ^ t;r_;JUJ\ L^j

l)^j'j5»(^j} >/In the last line the author, who calls

himself Shams, gives to the tract the titleof L^jSy* jOUajj, and states that it was com¬posed A.H.757:

j iVaafc i^js^ JIf that date is correct, the work cannot be

ascribed, as has been done by ElUgel, ViennaCatalogue, vol. i. p. 526, to the great mysticShams i Tabrlzl, who died A.H. 645. Seep. 585 «, and Nafahat ul-Uns, p. 535.

IV. Foil. 81—87. The story of ShaikhMansur Hallaj, from the Masnavl of Jalalud-Dln Bumi.

V. Eoll. 87—89. An Arabic poem onwine as a symbol of mystic love, ascribed toGhaus ul-A'zam, i.e. 'Abd ul-Kadir ul-Jilani,with a metrical paraphrase in Persian.

Beg. JLs^ OLI^ t_*^ (jliu»At the end is a short fragment ol the

Vaslat Namah of Attar. See p. 579 a.VI. Eoll. 91—114. An Arabic Kasidah

entitled tuL»H CA>UM, by the same 'Abd ul-Kadir, with a paraphrase in Persian verse.

Beg. L« SLs^ (j-Îj w S\jh

VII. Eoll. 114—121. Miscellaneous verseson religious subjects, including pieces as¬cribed to Abd ul-Kadir Jilani, or addressedto him, and a Kasidah in praise of SayyidShah Muhammad Mukim.

VIII. Eoll. 121—316. *_ÛLi\ ^jL^, adefence of 'Abd ul-Kadir Jilani and of thepractices introduced by him.

Author: Shaikh Shams ud-Din B. ValiUllah Shaikh Ishak B. Kutb ul-Anam Abil-Eath Shams ud-Dln Muhammad ul-Kadiri

ul-Multani, ^Jj ^ [j»J* ^»

^s? ^\ Lr% A £iJ\ ^\ u-W yi J-^jtiUI ÎSM

An attack upon the Kadiri order havingbeen brought under the notice of ShaikhBadr ud-Din B. Kutb ul-Anam, a paternaluncle of the author, the latter was desiredby him to write the present work in reply.He states that he had drawn largely fromthe Eutuhat i Makkiyyah of Muhyi ud-DinIbn ul-'Arabi, and from the Insan i Kamilof Abd ul-Karim ul-Giliini.

The work is divided into eleven Makhzans,subdivided into Makams, and treating of thefollowing subjects : 1. Superiority of'Abdul-Kadir to all other saints. 2. Dates ofhis birth and death. 3. Genuineness of hispedigree. 4. His holiness and his austerities.5. His Zikrs. 6. His contemplation, oUj^.7. His prayers. 8. His litanies, a^y. 9. Hisspiritual concerts, Û««. 10. His visions.11. His teachings on Tauhld.

Or. 282.Eoll. 95; 8f in. by 5|; 15 lines, 3 in.

long; written in Nestalik and Shikastah-amiz, apparently in India, in the 18thcentury. From the royal library of Lucknow.

[Geo. "VVm. Hamilton.]I. Eoll. 2—81. The Divan of Hairati,

wV-*-Beg. I* 5L«i j (i.ji-* l!^ (jl*; ij\

U> JjJufc> y ^jjj^^xj- j>

Hairati, Avho called himself a native of Tun,but was brought up in Marv, became knownby his panegyrics on the Imams and hispungent satires. The former won for himthe favour of Shah Tahmasp, whose dis¬pleasure, however, he frequently incurred byhis dissolute habits. He spent the latterpart of his life in Kashan, where he died

I A.H. 961 by a fall from a roof. The date

is fixed by the chronogram J* d*eli-i>, dueto his contemporary Muhtashim. See SamMirza, fol. 98, Haft Iklim, fol. 333, Riyazush-Shu'ara, fol. 125, Atashkadah, fol. 36,and Dr. Sprenger, Oude Catalogue, p. 424.

The Divan, which consists of Ghazalsalphabetically arranged, breaks off beforethe end of the letter (*•

II. Poll. 82—95. Two detached fragmentsof the Divan of Niyazi, ^sjlj

Beg. U j*stjo ^^J) \j\ jy^t j w\y,.i

U ^\xi jl» jiS j J( j

The author says, fol. 92 «, that he hadreceived his poetical surname from hismaster Hazin (who died A.H. 1180; seep. 715 b).

<£+*a\ t^j*- t/jljj ^j>- Ji^tojjg

He relates, in a marginal addition, fol. 95,a poetical encounter in which he silencedsome soi-disant poets in Ilahabad.

This poet is not to be confounded withanother Niyazi, who lived in Persia, andwhoso proper name was Ahmad Mirza. Secp. 718 a.

Contents: Ghazals in O, foil. 82—89.Ghazals in \, foil. 90—95.

Or. 319.Foil. 101; 7i in. by 4; 9 lines, 2| in. long,

with 26 lines in the margins; written inNestalik and Shikastah-amiz, with 'Unvanand gold-ruled margins; dated Shavval,A.II. 1222 (A.D. 1807).

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]I. Poll. 2—101. wyV Ja5, Laila and

Majnun, a Masnavi by Hilali (see p. 656 a).Beg. yjsr>. oiAfl-e j\ y u ^ J\

^y*? cyUSK y ^ jAThe epilogue contains a reference to tbe

author's former poems, Shah u Darvish and

Sifat i 'Ashikin, and eulogies upon his greatpredecessors and models, Nizami, Khusrau,and Jami.

II. Poll. 2—57, margins. The followingprose pieces by Tughra :—Taj ul-Madii'ih (seep. 743 a, xi.). Firdausiyyah (p. 742 b, ii.),fol. 16 b. Tazkirat ul-Atkiya (p. 743 a, viii.),fol. 39 a. Mushababat i Rabi'i (p. 743 b,xii.), fol. 43 a. Mi'raj ul-Fasahat (p. 744 b,xxviii.), fol. 49 b.

The margins of foil. 57—79 contain mis¬cellaneous short pieces and letters by MirzaMuhammad Sharif and others.

Or. 320.Poll. 129; 8 in. by 5; 15 lines, 3£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, apparently inIndia, about the close of the 17th century.

[Geo. Wm. Hamilton.]I. Poll. 2—69. A Sufi Masnavi consisting

of detached anecdotes.

Author : Ahl i Baiti, { 1sj J*).

Beg. <J>s~ ^.j** r fc#j\j jt> f>j>

The poet says in the prologue that he hadwritten in his youth many Ghazals andKasidahs, but had put off till his old age thecomposition of a Masnavi. Further on,fol. 6, he addresses a panegyric to the holyShaikh, Muhammad B. Shaikh Ahmad," whose presence filled Dehli with joy," andin another passage, fol. 40 b, referring to Au-rangzib as the reigning sovereign, he declareshis intention of devoting a poem to hispraise.

The present copy was written during thereign of Aurangzib, for it bears a stampdated A.H. 1109.

The poet concludes with an appeal to theliberality of the illustrious Khan, not named,in whose service he had spent his life, andwith moral counsels addressed to his own son.

3 l 2

II. Eoll. 69 b— 129. The Divan of Hilali(see p. 656 a), wanting the latter part of theletter <j.

Or. 1164.Foil. 87; 8 in. by 5; about 20 lines in a

page ; written in small Nestalik, apparentlyin the 17th century. [Alex. Jaba.]

A volume containing Turkish poems, andthe following Persian tracts:—

I. Poll. 57—63. ejUv" a treatisein verse on riddles, by Jami.

Beg. [read ^] Jfit e^w2 j

pli (_*5lis» jd <_j\ y\&>.In the Vienna Catalogue, vol. iii. p. 542,

three tracts of Jam! on the same subject arenoticed, but all with different beginnings.

II. Poll. 64—73. The Lava'ih. Seep. 44 a.

III. Poll. 75—78. «JliN SJUpi, a tract byJam! on the mystic sense of the reed men¬tioned in the first verse of the Masnavi. Seep. 863 a, xiii.

IV. Poll. 79—81. cuîil w> Ja tract on the various degrees of existence,3ja-y!\ u-^y- This tract, attributed in theheading to Jami, is ascribed in another copyto Sayyid Sharif. See p. 864 a, i.

V. Poll. 83, 84. On the meaning of theHadTg, *>j iwLi s~J6 t^JjS. w *

Beg. Otjt <-£>\ <j\ j ^»-y (J* c-Jlls cyl

VI. Poll. 85 a, 86 a. j>Ja J au,^jjJiib y>.d\ a tract on the rule of Bahaud-Dln Nakshaband, by Jami.

Beg. jT i— j*\j> ^1 cJj& *6lZ>jj*a

Or. 1226.Poll. 107; 6iin. by3f; 12 lines, 2£ in.

long; written in Nestalik, with two 'Unvitns

and gold-ruled margins ; dated Rajab, A.H.877 (A.D. 1472). [Alex. Jaba.]

I. Poll. 2—46. Gulshan i Raz, by Mah-mud Shabistarl; see p. 608 b.

II. Poll. 47—107. Zad ul-Musafirin, >1j^J\~\\, by Amir Husaini; see p. 608 a.

Or. 1286. :Poll. 343; 12 in. by 6£; 17 lines, 4 in.

long ; written in Nestalik, in the latter partof the 18th century.

I. Poll. 1—309. Tazkirat ul-Umara, byKevalram (see p. 339 a), wanting the firstpage.

II. Poll. 310—343. An account of thearea, divisions, and revenue of the Subahs ofHindustan.

Beg. î)V^ ^ J^W JU j J£It is stated to have been taken from the

note-book of Rae Nundah, ^ (^lo ^j3) $Historical notices of each Subah are

prefixed to tabulated accounts. The workwas written after the death of Aurangzib,who is designated by his posthumous title,Khuld-Makan.

Or. 1410.Poll. 102 ; 9 in. by 8; 15 lines, 4£ in. long;

written in Nestalik, in the 18th century.I. Poll. 1—51. A collection of letters

written by, or to, the Timurides of Indiafrom Humayun to Bahadur Shah. It is de¬signated in the title prefixed to the table ofcontents as the first third of the first volume

of the 'Inayat Namah: dJS ^3j\ o-îj jUi-\ j\ C*»*\ jjo* JSi «*b' (JLaÛs- Jjl Jl*?

i±>jj{JS\In a contemporary endorsement it is called

Ruka'at 'Inayat Khani, ^yli- oVj* eiA*3„from which it seems probable that 'InayatKhan was the name of the author of the com-

pilation. He appears to have been a son ofLutf Ullah Khan Sadik, whom he calls, fol.40 b, (J*^- jii j ^jlj, and to whom hegives the titles of Shams ud-Daulah BahadurTahavvur Jang, conferred upon that Amirby Muhammad Shah.

Lutf Ullah Khan Sadik died, according toMaagir ul-Umara, fol. 435, under AhmadShah. Two of his sons are mentioned, viz.'Iniiyat Khan Easikh, apparently the authorof the present work, and Shakir Khan (seep. 279 b).

The letters of Aurangzib, which form thelarger portion of the collection, are in parttaken from two earlier compilations alreadymentioned, the Rakii'im Kara'im and Ka-limat Tayyibat. See pp. 400 b, 401 a.

II. Poll. 52—102. J± a);«»U» ^1131, lettersand other prose pieces of Aman Ullah Kha-nah-zad Khan Firuz Jang, son of MahabatKhan Sipahsalar, collected by himself. Seep. 509 b.

Beg. jL_ty»-ji> t£ sj^Jm \J >-j^s ' M ^ ^^^j^ulj* 9-

The work is divided into the followingfour Fasls:—1. Lotters to superiors andequals, c^UK* <>>J/S fol. 53 a. 2. Fami¬liar notes, ci/x'jj, fol. 94 a. 3. Marginal notes,0 £»V-> fol. 99 a. 4. Prefaces and mis¬cellaneous pieces, CjUy.£«> fol. 101 a.

The Rukaat of Aman Ullah have beenlithographed in Lucknow, and printed in

Calcutta, without date. See Biblioth. Spren-ger., No. 1593.

Or. 1433.Foil. 253; 9 in. by 5|; 12 and 11 lines, 3|

in. long; written in fair Nestalik, in twogold-ruled columns; dated Safar, All. 1147(A.D. 1734).

I. Foil. 1—202. YQsuf u Zulaikha, byJami. See p. 645 a.

II. Foil. 203—253. f Uil J* j thestory of Bahram and Gul-andam, in MasnavTrhyme.

Beg. *t*ojj ^-i-? Jj^

^jL-K \>tfi ^ s=> Lr^°J

After a few verses in praise of God andthe Prophet, the author enters at once uponthe story, which he tells in very plain andfamiliar language. The hero's adventuresturn mostly on encounters with variousDivs, and Gul-andam is not, as in the usualversion, a Chinese princess, but a Peri.

In the concluding lines the poet addresseshimself by the poetical surname of Amin.

J'U ^ Aji ^JjiCi y-Jijy>- tj* r ±'r j-i j ufjjT i—«_>L>

There are forty-one miniatures in the;Indian style in the first poem, and twenty-seven of inferior execution in the second.

ADDITIONS AND

P. 440 a, Add. 25,869, read: Commentaryupon the Kubra, a treatise on Logic, bySharif Jurjani. See p. 812 a.

P. 441 b, L 12, read : Niisir ud-Din Tusi wasborn A.H. 597, and died A.H. 672.

P. 551 b, 1. 35, read : A poem entitled Suzu Gudaz, by Nau*i. See p. 674 a.

P. 722 a, 1. 34, add: Saba's proper name

CORRECTIONS.

was Fath 'AH Khan Kashi. See p.850 b.

?. 768 a, 1. 28, add: Minuchihr Khan sue-ceeded his father Karchaghai Khanin the government of Mashhad, A.H.1034. See the 'Alam-arai, fol. 570.The Mahbub ul-Kulfib cannot havebeen written very much later.

END OP VOLUME II.

LONDON:

gilbebt and bivington,st. John's, squabe clebkenwell., e.c.

LS n/z/4z$ a>

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