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4 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

coNtENtS

FEATUrEs

rEGULArs

12

20

COvEr sTOry

12 comfortablE DESIgN The upswing in high performance home builds continues. Getting it right is the difference between a bare minimum six-star home and one that performs for cost effective, comfortable living.

06 Editorial

08 Contributors

10 Industry news

64 Products

89 Trade stuff

20 loSt traDES The art of heritage plastering, woodworking, leadlight and carpentry still has a place in a build but needs industry support.

52 wIrED up The prefab build has a new element - wiring. speed up the process of a build by having the electrical elements built into the wall components offsite.

26 kEEp It togEthEr Connecting two pieces of timber is not just a question of banging in a nail - which one should you use, what technique and what is the best practice?

28 cErtIfIablE mINEfIElD Who is reponsible for certification, who oversees it and what are the different ticks of approval? Learn the family tree of certification.

32 wINDowS to thE worlD Windows are not just a means of breaking the monotony of a wall, they add beauty, light and function. see who won the AWA Fenestration awards.

32

52 70 Marketing

72 LegaL MatterS

84 tranSPOrt

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6 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this magazine do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher. Although all materials are checked for accuracy, no liability is assumed by the publisher for any losses due to the use of material in this magazine. Copyright 2018 by Connection Magazines. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior permission of Connection Magazines.

PUBLIshED By: Connection Magazines Pty Ltd 2/18-22 Lexia Place, Mulgrave, vIC 3170 AUsTrALIA IssN 1320-0100

www.buildingconnection.com.au

Managing Director Jeff Patchell jeffpatchell@build.com.au

general Manager Jeremy sweet jeremysweet@build.com.au

eDitor - BUilDing connection Deborah Andrich

eDitor – across the traDes Paul skelton paulskelton@build.com.au

staFF Writers Adelle King, simeon Barut

graphic Designers sam Elliott, Kat Jefferys

aDvertising traFFic Manager Tracey Glanville

sUBscription Manager Brigitta Novosell 03 9542 9005

contriBUtors Dr Darryl O’Brien, Jeremy Turner, selina Zwolsman, Angus Kell, Dean Ashton

aDvertising ralph harpur 0417 449 699 ralphharpur@build.com.au

to sUBscriBe 1800 623 214 Australia 03 9542 9000 New Zealand +61 3 9542 9000 Fax (with credit card details) 03 9542 9090 By mail, please write to the address below

Jeff Patchell

Enjoy the read

EDItorIal

tall aND truE talES

T ypically, the staid old building and construction sector does its best to hide from negative

media coverage; however, 2017 will undoubtedly go down in history as the year the industry’s underbelly was fully exposed.

The ‘cladding affair’ that has plagued our industry has filled more print columns, online news pages and Tv time than almost any other subject (aside from Trump and the royal engagement, of course).

The average Joe in the street must wonder how the sector got to where it did, with seemingly so much regulation in place (but so little in the way of effective policing, clearly).

Christmas couldn’t come soon enough!

In some ways, the issues surrounding cladding created an industry all of its own.

Copious state and federal government review committees cropped up, so too myriad technical ‘expert’ committees. suppliers got to practice ducking and weaving, as did other members of the supply chain that should have been onto this issue a decade ago.

The buck that has been passed (and that is still being passed) is possibly the most well travelled buck we’ve seen in a long time.

Luckily, there is an upside to this situation. For many industry experts, former government servants, consultants and ambulance chasers, it proved to be a nice little earner.

It even spawned its own conference for anyone interested. And you could attend for the princely sum of $2,750!

But what have we really learned about non-conforming building product (NCBP) and its insidious role across the market?

With the emotion that fire prevention brings to any argument, I suspect the commercial dangers

that other NCBPs produce will run a distant second for quite some time.

Though both Queensland and NsW have passed ‘dangerous building product’ legislation this year, it won’t be a panacea to the underlying problem. We’ll take a look at this legislation next issue and try to make sense of its intention.

here at Connection Magazines, a lot of information crosses our news desk and from what we see, almost every industry material sector has its own NCBP issues. Unfortunately for the many companies who do the right thing in terms of testing and certification, they are clearly working at a disadvantage on price. What hope have we got when the lowest price wins even on government jobs?!

All of the signs point to the fact that the bulk of building (residential, commercial and industrial) that has occurred over the past five years or so around the nation will lead to the worst era of building defects on record.

so, if nothing else, I guess there is a santa and he’s brought you all ongoing repair of defects, which might counteract any fall off in new construction. Just sharpen your troubleshooting skill set.

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8 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

coNtrIbutorS

Dr Darryl O’Brien is the head of the Undergraduate Built Environment course at Central Queensland University. he is also a member and past Queensland/NT vice president of the Australian Institute of Building surveyors (AIBs).

see page 16

Surveyance

Dr Darryl o’Brien

selina Zwolsman is the marketing communications coordinator for the Kitchen & Bathroom Designers Institute of Australia (KBDi). having worked in the building and design industries for two decades, selina enjoys her role in an organisation committed to improving and developing the increasingly niche profession of kitchen and bathroom design.

see page 40

Kitchen & Bathroom Design

selina ZWolsMan

Jeremy Turner has been with AIBs for 19 years. he is an engineering technologist and has recently followed his passion for building surveying by taking up the position of national technical manager with the Australian Institute of Building surveyors (AIBs). Jeremy is accredited as a Level 1 building surveyor and has 22 years’ experience in building surveying.

see page 42

AIBS

JereMy tUrner

Angus Kell is the national technical development manager at Csr Lightweight systems, is a registered architect (in NsW), and has worked in the construction industry for over 30 years in Australia and south East Asia.

see page 18

Airtightness

angUs Kell

Dean Ashton has over 30 years’ experience in the prefabricated timber truss and frame industry with roles as a structural engineer, in fabricator support as well as training. he recently joined simpson strong-Tie as national field engineer to provide technical support for the company’s wide range of products available throughout Australia.

see page 26

Connectors

Dean ashton

Jerry Tyrrell is founder of the Institute of Building Consultants and co-founder of Tyrrells Property Inspections. he has more than 44 years’ experience as a labourer, tradesman, contractor, architect, mediator, building consultant and author.

see page 58

CPD Academy

Jerry tyrrell

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1 0 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

INDuStry NEwS

auStralIaN forEStry StaNDarD bEcomES ‘rESpoNSIblE wooD’Australian Forestry standard, a not-for-profit standards development organisation, has rebranded to become responsible Wood.

The change, announced in hobart on 21 November, reflects the company’s commitment to implementing a clear consumer-focused strategy about the sustainability of certified Australian wood products.

“Our new name and shield logo reflect the transformational change we are embarking on as we begin to proactively raise awareness and understanding of our certification scheme and drive demand for Australian certified wood and wood products,” responsible Wood chair Dr hans Drielsma says.

“While we remain committed to our core function as a standards development organisation and scheme owner, our new name and logo better demonstrate what we stand for. They clearly communicate our vision which is to ensure Australia’s forests and the products sourced from them are recognised as being among the most sustainable in the world.”

Over the past 18 months, the organisation has undertaken an extensive consultation program with its members, certificate holders and the broader timber and paper sectors as well as retailers, specifiers, sustainability practitioners and consumers. The purpose was to better understand the status of the sector, consumer attitudes and the strategic direction it should take to build on the success of its 15 years of operation.

The name change is the result of this consultation and underpins a focused strategy to raise awareness and understanding of responsible Wood certification.

responsible Wood has introduced a new website, which can be accessed by visiting www.responsiblewood.org.au.

l.u. SImoN to rEplacE lacroSSE claDDINgGood news for the residents of the Lacrosse building in Melbourne’s Docklands precinct.

Building contractor L.U. simon has announced that it will be replacing the cladding at the Lacrosse building as a “gesture of good faith, so that the owners and residents are not inconvenienced any further by the lengthy legal process at the victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (vCAT) that will decide how the costs are to be divided up between the various parties”.

The 21-storey building which suffered a devastating fire as the result of combustible cladding in 2014 has been the subject of an ongoing case with the vCAT, launched by residents looking for compensation.

The victorian Building Authority (vBA) issued a statement saying: “Following efforts on the part of the vBA and City of Melbourne, the vBA is pleased to see L.U. simon’s announcement that it will replace the cladding on the Lacrosse building by mid-2018.”

In the Australian Financial Review, the City of Melbourne municipal building surveyor steven Baxas said, “We are yet to see the details of the proposed new materials but the replacement materials must meet all necessary building and safety standards and be to my satisfaction as the City of Melbourne’s Municipal Building surveyor”.

The vBA also encourages L.U. simon to make similar undertakings with respect to bringing into compliance the six other buildings identified as part of the vBA audit.

Launching the Responsible Wood brand in Hobart are chief executive Simon Dorries and chair Dr Hans Drielsma, flanked by new Responsible Wood directors Katie Fowden and Mark Thomson.

Women Building AustrAliA program to lauNchA new national mentoring program to boost the number of women in construction is being launched by Master Builders Australia’s first female chief executive, Denita Wawn.

Building and construction sees women making up 11% of the industry’s workforce. The Women Building Australia mentoring program is a big step in building on the efforts of Master Builders around the country to bring more women into the industry.

“There are so many opportunities for women to build careers in building and construction right now but we need to support them when they make the choice to join our industry,” Denita says.

“Women Building Australia will encourage and support women who are currently working in the building and construction industry and those who are on training pathways to careers in the industry. This is a hugely important initiative for the industry’s future.

“Firms employing women in our industry already testify to the business benefits of bringing new skills and approaches to the workforce that boost productivity. Master Builders is proud to be launching Women Building Australia and thanks the Federal Government for funding the project. We are calling for the industry all over Australia to get behind it.”

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 1 1

INDuStry NEwS

coNNEctIoN magazINES partNErS wIth tafE NSwConnection Magazines, the publisher of Plumbing Connection, Electrical Connection and Building Connection magazines, has announced a new magazine distribution program with TAFE NsW.

The distribution program will see 50 colleges that teach building, plumbing or electrical services receive substantial bulk copies of the three trade magazines, delivered direct on a quarterly basis.

TAFE NsW construction and property services industry liaison manager Greg Cheetham says these publications provide value that goes beyond the general curricula that is taught.

“It is important that our teachers have access to the latest industry thinking, as well as products and services that are new to the market. That’s what these unique publications provide. you can’t put a price on the knowledge and value that such technical magazines bring to our industry.”

tImbEr offSItE coNStructIoN 2018 aNNouNcEDNow in its 20th year, Timber Offsite Construction, organised by Frame Australia, is the only national conference and exhibition for timber and mass wood building systems in residential and commercial construction.

To be held 18-19 June at Park hyatt Melbourne, the 2018 conference will focus on market expansion in timber buildings both locally and globally, and the digital future now emerging in design, manufacture and construction of timber frame multi-residential and mass timber commercial buildings.

speaker sessions will incorporate the key themes of building design, technology, manufacturing and construction, to provide delegates with insight into the latest developments in timber prefabrication and building systems, and the collaboration required for digital data management throughout the complete supply chain.

With this focus on technology the program will include demonstrations of digital concepts in practice, including virtual reality data communication on construction sites, and ‘real-life’ management of manufacturing equipment in operation.

Delegate tours will visit a range of timber building construction sites, prefabrication and panelised manufacturing plants, and recently completed buildings that are outstanding examples of timber structures.

“suppliers have an exceptional opportunity to access a wide range of construction market sectors that have a growing interest in timber buildings, which offers significant growth potential in the next decade,” conference director Kevin Ezard says.

“Our objective is to inspire exchange between delegates and suppliers to create opportunities for offsite prefabricated timber systems in building to benefit construction, and to achieve more sustainable outcomes.”

For more information, visit the website at www.frameaustralia.com.

Ncc SEmINarS aNNouNcED for fEb, march 2018Builders are being advised to not miss out on attending the 2018 NCC seminars to hear about the amendments that could affect your work.

The Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) will visit capital cities in February and March 2018 to present on several topics including expediting new fire safety content for volume One, scheduled for inclusion in NCC 2016 Amendment 1.

This is your opportunity to hear about these important changes, as well as: ∫ The NCC 2019 public comment draft. ∫ The improved CodeMark scheme. ∫ Administration of performance solutions in respective

jurisdictions. ∫ The development and assessment of performance

solutions.This last point will address the application of the

ABCB Guide Development of performance solutions via consideration of a performance solution for the design of a large isolated building. If you’ve not yet been substantially involved in the development or approval of a performance solution, this case study will provide an invaluable insight into the process.

The NCC seminars usually sell out, so don’t miss your opportunity. register now! Email seminars@loud.events.

Greg Cheetham from TAFE NSW and Connection Magazines publisher Jeff Patchell discuss the industry knowledge provided by Connection Magazines.

1 2 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

T he ‘green’ building revolution is well and truly under way in Australia as construction costs

and energy prices continue to increase.As a result of this, many home owners

are looking to go beyond the mandatory requirements of the 6-star energy efficiency standard of the National Construction Code (NCC) in relation to the building envelope – walls, floors, roof and windows.

Most designs will specify the appropriate materials and technologies to achieve the standard but the key to making it happen is the builder and their knowledge. The level of detail and technologies will determine how far the efficiencies can go to create a comfortable and low cost home for the client.

Builders who are capable of building beyond the 6-star minimum put themselves in prime position to tender

for projects that are not cookie-cutter designs. It sets up the business as one with a reputation of going the extra mile to provide the home owner with high levels of workmanship and quality, as well as achieving the desired results.

What’s the benefit to the home owner?

Knowing the builder can take a home beyond the minimum 6-star energy requirements to produce a comfortable living space with low running costs is reassuring.

so what is a ‘comfortable home’?According to CsIrO energy for

buildings manager stephen White, a comfortable home is one that provides a steady comfortable temperature throughout the day, lets in natural light in winter and makes the most of fresh air ventilation when outdoor conditions are mild.

research conducted by CsIrO shows

that in a survey of what consumers expect in a home, the overwhelming response was comfort.

“Many people are influenced by Tv to look for ‘bling’ in their home like beautiful furniture or the latest kitchen trend. But when it came to the crunch, our surveys show that what they really want is a home that is naturally warm in winter and cool in summer; a home to shelter us from the elements,” says stephen.

“A home that does not have thermal comfort can even lead to health issues for those vulnerable in our society – the young, elderly and ill or low income earners who generally can’t afford to run an air conditioner.”

In another CsIrO study, researchers found that when the regulations changed from 3-star to 5-star, the cost did not increase significantly as the builders understood what was

coVEr StoryBEyOND 6-sTAr DEsIGN

What comes after 6?As energy prices in Australia continue to rise, the market demand for environmentally sustainable homes with low running costs and specification above the mandatory 6-star rating is increasing. Deborah Andrich finds out what it takes to build a high performance home.

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1 4 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

required and were capable of finding ways of achieving the higher star rating with existing materials.

thE DESIgN StagEWith many architects and designers in the industry skilled in designing higher-rated homes, it is becoming easier for builders to form a collaborative relationship to share the concept of the build and ensure materials meet

the specifications.sustainable design specialist Maxa

Design co-director sven Maxa says the aim is to find the balance between budget, the client wish list and location.

“Most home owners are aware of what it is to have an energy efficient home but don’t really understand the repercussions of the decisions they make. For example, asking for an energy efficient home that has a lot of glass and

high ceilings in a cool climate reduces the efficiency. Equally, the orientation of the house on the block can make the difference on how much solar gain is achieved. For the builder it is important to be mindful of what those conflicts are and how to maximise the best possible results with what you have,” sven says.

While some builders and home owners might be concerned that a high star-rating will mean having to incorporate modern architecture into the design, sven says ultimately it’s just about the right arrangement of rooms, placement of windows and insulation.

“What makes a home more liveable is working with your climate, ensuring cross air flow for ventilation and using non-toxic materials, such as low volatile organic compounds (vOC) paints and furnishings, which are known to off-gas. visual connection with the surrounding landscape can also help with the wellbeing of the resident and the comfort of the home.”

thE buIlD StagEMore registered training organisations are offering opportunities for builders to upgrade their skills to build higher star rated homes. While not compulsory, the training does give deeper insight into

coVEr StoryBEyOND 6-sTAr DEsIGN

Left: Hot and cold temperature losses and gains are likely in a poorly sealed home. Correct sealing of gaps around windows, doors and architraves are an easy fix to save energy. Right: Correct installation of insulation in the floor, walls and roofspace is key to a good design for a comfortable, energy efficient home.

SUMMER SUN PATH

WINTER SUN PATH

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Understanding the sun’s path through the seasons provides clues for designers to maximise sun capture for solar heat gain, and shading to keep out the hot summer sun.

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techniques for a builder to achieve the desired outcomes.

In the first instance, it is important that the builder understands the house design and how the construction process needs to unfold. The builder should also know the product specifications and any alternatives so that if a product needs to be substituted with another brand, the final outcome will be the same.

“Participating in training such as the Green Living program with Master Builders Association of victoria (MBAv), shows a commitment by the builder to further his skills in building higher star rated energy efficient homes,” says MBAv sustainable building advisor Phil Alviano.

“Ultimately, the goal of courses like this is to ensure the builder knows how to achieve the design. It also gives the builder a better understanding of what the client wants and where alterations can be made without affecting the overall result.”

MBAv chief executive radley de silva adds that up-to-date training is critical to keeping the building and construction industry a thriving sector, particularly as technology becomes more influential in the building process.

“Green Living accreditation is part of this technological change as clients demand and expect builders to have the requisite skills and experience to build with environmental responsibility. sustainable building practice is clearly urgent for states such as victoria with the fastest growth rate in Australia. By 2051 we will need to build 2.2 million

new homes and adapting to that reality is urgent. Programs such as the Green Card induction training is designed to encourage better adherence to environmental obligations, tender requirements and IsO 14001 compliance.”

Ultimately, what makes a high

star rated home effective is how comfortable it is. Light, ventilation and thermal comfort determine its liveability. For those seeking more sustainable options, then add-ons such as water tanks, water recycling and renewable energy are worth considering.

Thermal imaging of a home shows exactly where heat radiates from a home, indicating where the key spots for insulation and seals are required.

thE gooD DESIgN aND buIlD chEcklISt

location

∫ Orientate the house to face north, to maximise the solar heat gain to warm the house in winter.

∫ In cooler climates allow the winter sun in. ∫ Be mindful of prevailing winds for ventilation. ∫ Landscape for shading and coolness in the warmer months.

siZe, shape anD layoUt

∫ The bigger the house, the more energy it requires to heat and cool it. Build only what is needed, or make it easy to extend the home should the need arise in the future.

∫ Determine the living and sleeping space required and how will traffic flow through the home. Zoning the home based on usage can determine how the home’s temperature is controlled.

rooFline

∫ Orientation to the sun will determine solar heat gain and opportunities for solar energy capture.

∫ Eaves are an important design element – the design should allow winter sun in while summer sun is reduced. They can also protect the home from prevailing weather.

ventilation

∫ Align doors and windows to maximise cross flow air movement for freshness and cool breezes.

∫ In warmer climates higher ceilings may be of benefit to alleviate heat in the home. ∫ The use of ceiling fans in warmer climates for air movement is also worth

considering. ∫ In roof spaces, allow heat to escape in the warmer months, while retaining it

for the cooler months. ∫ Seal gaps around doors and windows to prevent air seepage – both hot and

cold. A bead of sealant between the plasterboard and floor is also an easy task.

therMal Mass

∫ Capture the sun and retain the heat in materials such as concrete, bricks or rammed earth to give natural heating.

∫ A reversed brick veneer structure is more effective for thermal mass. ∫ Insulating on the inside prevents the heat from the thermal mass from

entering the home.

WinDoWs

∫ Double glazing. ∫ The bigger the window, the more opportunity for heat loss in cool climates,

heat gain in warmer climates. ∫ Frames are the weak point of a window; ensure it is not a temperature

conductor, or is insulated. ∫ Minimise the use of skylights. ∫ Operable blinds are a useful means of controlling light/heat levels.

insUlation

∫ Use insulation that has a high R value. ∫ Ensure that that it is cut to size and that there are no gaps or holes for air to

move through. ∫ Avoid compressing it as it reduces its capacity to function correctly.

appliances

∫ Use appliances that have higher energy ratings – they are more cost effective to run and likely to generate less heat.

∫ Look for the WELS rating on water fixtures to minimise the amount of hot water to be heated, or amount of water to be used.

∫ Light fixtures – energy efficient, low heat and positioned where needed.

Materials

∫ The more processed a material, the less sustainable it is. ∫ Use materials with a low VOC level for paints, furniture, curtains and carpets ∫ Look to recycle materials or reuse. Plan to have a storage point for future use

or reclaimed materials.

Water

∫ Look for opportunities for rain harvesting from the roof line (use a roofing material that provides appropriate water quality).

∫ Install a water tank. ∫ Recycle grey water for use in non-potable applications.

1 6 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

DESIgN to makE you rESt EaSy

T he average person spends around one third of their lives sleeping. While most sleep

scientists do not know precisely why we need to sleep, it is generally agreed that it is necessary and that the optimal sleep environment is cool, dark and quiet. This can be directly affected by thermal comfort and noise - factors that can be directly influenced by the building design.

To go to sleep, the body’s core temperature needs to decrease by about 2ºC and stabilise at this temperature. research suggests that a temperature range of 19-24ºC is considered optimal to get to sleep and continue sleeping.

Above this range, thermal stress causes wakefulness leading to overall decreased sleep time and quality. While

lower temperatures are also shown to affect sleep quality, this is in reality less of an issue as blankets and bed-clothes can be used to self-regulate thermal comfort.

The next commonly known factor to affect sleep is noise. Indeed, such was the impact on sleep quality that Ancient romans banned chariots from city streets. During Medieval times, straw was scattered on roads to muffle noise.

Noise can affect your sleep by: increasing the time it takes to fall asleep; reducing sleep depth and duration; and, leading to unwanted awakenings. health impacts from disrupted sleep can be quite severe and include increased fatigue, heart disease, depression and reduced performance.

studies have identified a peak noise level of between 45 and 55 decibels (dB)

as capable of disturbing sleep with the World health Organisation’s (WhO’s) 2009 guidelines suggesting an average night time exposure of 40dB measured over an eight hour nocturnal period.

The softest noise detectible by the human ear is approximately 3dB, typical speech levels are approximately 65dB and permanent hearing damage occurs at approximately 125dB. Interestingly, studies have shown that a constant background noise (white noise) is less damaging to sleep quality than sudden noises, such as slamming doors (pink noise).

The final link in the sleep chain is light, specifically natural light. We need daily exposure to daylight (within the 480nm blue wavelength spectrum) to reset our sleep clock. so while unwanted exposure to light during

The built environment can affect how we sleep. Dr Darryl O’Brien identifies environmental influences and suggests some intelligent design strategies that can improve the sleeping environment.

sUrvEyANCE

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the night (such as street lights) can disturb sleep, missing sunlight exposure can potentially affect the general sleep cycle. This point has particular relevance to office workers who travel to and from work in the dark (particularly in winter) and spend their days under artificial lights (predominantly of the red wavelength). This effect can be further exacerbated by the use of some energy-efficient glasses that may actually filter out 480nm blue wavelength light.

One emerging area of concern is the question of air quality in bedrooms. The provision of natural ventilation in habitable rooms is necessary to enhance occupant comfort and health; however, reliance on natural ventilation by opening windows or doors means that the noise and thermal insulation benefits provided by these elements would be lost if used as intended. This means that increasingly, people are relying on air conditioners to maintain thermal comfort. Where no fresh air is provided in confined spaces such as bedrooms, it is possible for CO2 concentrations to rise to rates of 1,600ppm, as compared with CO2 levels of between 550–600ppm where natural ventilation was provided. Elevated CO2 levels have the potential to contribute to health conditions such as headaches, nausea, dizziness and fatigue.

thE coDE rESpoNSEA review of the relevant parts of the BCA shows that there are no obvious measures related to optimised sleep hygiene design.

In relation to sound transmission, the BCA requires a maximum sound insulation value of 50dB between housing units; however, there are no requirements for façade noise management which is a major source of nocturnal noise pollution. In relation to thermal comfort, the BCA has minimum energy efficiency requirements, but these do not extend to address the thermal comfort needs of occupants. A similar situation exists for natural light and ventilation whereby minimum floor area to opening ratios are prescribed, but these do not reflect the needs for quality sleep.

bESt practIcE VErSES mINImum StaNDarDSWhile the BCA may lack minimum standards in relation to the sleep hygiene environment, it is possible to identify and implement best practice design.

NoISEAlthough the BCA requires minimum sound insulation between common walls, exterior walls, doors and windows, acoustic leakage can still occur that can disturb sleep. To minimise this noise pollution, door seals, acoustically-rated (such as double glazed) windows and external walls that have bulk sound insulation materials can be used. If sound insulation of around 50dB is specified for these elements, the average interior noise levels will remain around 40dB and sleep quality should not be seriously affected. tEmpEraturEDepending on the local climate it may be necessary to use air conditioners to maintain thermal comfort; however, fans and breeze paths can also provide effective cooling benefits. It should be noted that elements used to provide

acoustic insulation (such as double glazing) are also effective in creating a comfortable thermal environment, so numerous benefits can be created from intelligent and holistic design.

lIght Natural light is a trigger for wakefulness while dark is the ideal sleep environment. Controlling unwanted light in the bedroom is perhaps the easiest to self-manage, with heavy curtains (with pelmets) being effective in blocking light. It is also worth noting that heavy curtains can also provide useful

sound and thermal insulation, so again intelligent design can provide a number of additional benefits.

aIr QualItyWhile an air quality meter is necessary to measure internal CO

2 levels, air exchanges through door and window gaps will ensure healthy air quality. Where air

quality may become an issue is when gaps must be sealed to restrict noise pollution (such as a house is on a busy road). If this is the case, it is important that the air conditioning system provides fresh air and does not simply continue to recycle the indoor air.

Natural light is a trigger for

wakefulness while darkness

is the ideal sleep environment.

1 8 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

IN a tIght Spot

T here is little doubt that on the surface Australian houses appear to be built to some of the

highest standards of anywhere in the world; but, look beneath the beautifully finished outer lining and unfortunately you will find another storey.

This is reinforced by a survey undertaken by Csr in 2015 where the company posed a question to more than 100 European and North American ex-pats living in Australia on what they thought of local housing, and they commented as follows: ∫ 70% love the look of australian

homes compared to ‘back home’ ∫ 75% thought building performance

was relatively poor

Probably the single greatest influence on the performance of our housing, and therefore the subsequent comfort of its occupants, is the small cracks and gaps that lie beneath the inner and outer linings of the external walls. By allowing these cracks and gaps in our construction we fail as an industry to provide the standard of housing achieved in countries including Europe, Canada and the Us.

A significant proportion of housing in Australia is still constructed with stick-built framing, put together by trades on trades, leading to the potential for significant variation of work practises by a labour source of great skill variation. In addition, our focus on delivering what we recognise as affordable housing through the minimisation of expensive labour and the selection of materials based on lowest price, is likely contributing to the

poor standard of construction. This is at the expense of the ongoing operational performance of the house.

A study undertaken by the CsIrO in 2012 into the airtightness of Australian housing found that when tested for airtightness using the blower door pressurisation test method, our housing measured an average air leakage of 19.9ACh@50Pa (air change rate at pressure), which equates to replacing all the internal air within the total volume of the house every hour through uncontrolled cracks and gaps. By comparison, building codes in the Us and Europe typically require airtightness at approximately 2-3ACh@50Pa and the standard for Passivhaus (a recognised voluntary international standard for energy efficient building) is 0.6ACh@50Pa.

A recent study undertaken by the BC housing research Centre titled

Much of Australia’s home building stock is below par for building performance, but a few simple measures can be employed to improve airtightness and home owner comfort. Angus Kell explains.

AIrTIGhTNEss

Above: Thermal image of a modern Australian house showing cold air flowing from the gaps behind architraves and around door frames.

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Illustrated Guide, Achieving Airtight Buildings considers why airtightness is important and comments: “The restriction of air movement by the air barrier system in one of the most important functions of the building enclosure and, in some cases, the interior partitions. Air is a transport mechanism for water, vapour, heat energy and airborne contaminants. As a result, uncontrolled air leakage can lead to moisture issues from condensation and bulk water ingress, excessive heat loss that leads to discomfort and energy waste, as well as poor indoor air quality that affects occupant health and comfort”.

While this article is written based on the experiences of the northern hemisphere, it can be extrapolated as representative of Australian conditions, noting that the effect on loss of heat or cool air is dependent upon the climatic zone and season. The effect on energy consumption is the same if we replace all the heated and/or cooled air and have to heat and/or cool the air to ensure an acceptable level of comfort through conditioning the air.

Another significant reason to limit the gaps and cracks is to prevent moisture transfer through the building enclosure. In such cases air movement is probably the most common transfer mechanism: whether it be forcing external rainwater from entering the house; or driving water vapour through the building enclosure where it may condensate inside the cavity.

similarly, acoustics are also greatly affected by gaps and cracks in the building enclosure. To the extent that a hole of 0.01% of the total external wall area can lead to the loss of acoustic performance of the wall from rw60 to rw40, and this seemingly small breakdown of the building enclosure could lead to a detrimental effect on the amenity of the occupants through failure to protect them from sources of external noise.

And finally it is obvious that gaps and cracks will affect the fire performance of a fire-rated wall as it allows the penetration of both smoke and fire through the building enclosure. A failure of this magnitude is an immediate

threat to the life of the occupants.

some simple measures to improve airtightness in our homes include: ∫ Ensure air barriers

in the external wall are installed correctly, including taping joints, sealing the perimeter and folding and taping the barriers into window

and door openings. ∫ source exhaust fans and vents with

installed dampers to minimise the uncontrolled passage of air from the outside to inside of the house.

∫ select good quality windows with built-in thermal breaks and high

performing perimeter seals. ∫ Ensure lining and finishing trades

are educated to achieve tight fitting linings with sealed perimeters.

∫ seal around window frames, architraves, skirtings and cornices.

∫ Minimise penetrations through the external walls.

∫ Add seals to external doors, including doors between conditioned and unconditioned internal spaces.

∫ Ensure the door between the garage and main house has seals to limit the contamination of the internal air with heavily polluted air.

Obviously, the best way to ensure an airtight building is to undertake airtightness testing using the blower door pressurisation test method prior to handover to the home owner. From this testing evaluation can be made of your existing construction methods, and improvements can be made to future projects with the aim of providing home owner with the type of housing they expect, and more importantly deserve.

achIEVINg aIrtIght buIlDINgS

Correct airtightness

techniques improves home

comfort without the risk of

moisture ingress.

Source: BC Housing Research Centre titled ‘Illustrated Guide, Achieving Airtight Buildings’ September 2017

control FUnctions

critical Barriers

Water

Air

Heat

Vapour

Sound

Fire

Water Shedding Surface

Water Resistive Barrier

Air Barrier System

Thermal Insulation

Vapour Retarder/Barrier

Building Form & Features

Primary Relationship Secondary Relationship

2 0 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

a futurE IN thE paSt

O ver the past few years, there has been growing interest in heritage trades. In part, this

is thanks to events like the Lost Trades Fair, which takes place in Kyneton, victoria in March each year. however, the skills needed to keep these industries alive are disappearing and they are becoming something of a lost art.

There are fears that a lack of heritage skills training in Australia will impact on the conservation and maintenance of heritage icons.

As mentioned in the spring 2017 edition of Building Connection, research released in 2016 by the National Centre for vocational Education shows Australia is currently facing a national skills shortage in trades. heritage trades, including carpentry, plastering and metal fabricating, are facing particularly tough skills shortages and have been included on the National skills Needs List for years.

Despite these statistics there has been little done by the Australian government to ensure heritage skills are retained in the building industry.

“There is a distinct lack of heritage trades training in Australia, which is a real problem. Unfortunately the federal and state governments in Australia put very little money into heritage buildings and even less into heritage skills training,” says Centre for heritage at Oatlands heritage manager Brad Williams.

The Centre for heritage at Oatlands is an initiative of the southern Midlands Council in Tasmania and was created to ensure traditional skills are applied and further developed. The Centre receives no government funding and is mainly funded through the Tasmanian Building and Construction Industry Training Board. It aims to build the capacity of youth to undertake heritage conservation, restoration and maintenance projects, and provides

Traditional trades still play an important role in Australia’s building industry despite a move towards mass production and the use of modern technology. However, a lack of heritage skills training is putting these trades, and the country’s heritage estate, at risk. Adelle King and Simeon Barut explain.

hErITAGE TrADEs

McMillan Heritage Plastering owner and director Scott McMillan was approached to come to Australia to meet a demand for his specific skill set. McMillan Heritage Plastering is one of the few traditional plastering companies that still adopt in-situ methods instead of relying on modern, mass produced alternatives.

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education and training in all aspects of traditional heritage building skills.

“heritage trades are niche markets but more people are starting to realise that they are also economic drivers that help fuel the building industry. We need more builders to become involved in heritage trades and more apprentices taking these trades on, but in order for that to happen there has to be training available,” says Brad.

“The market demand is there but trainers must work together with the government so that training is tied into legislation. There needs to be a formal requirement that contractors working on heritage sites require heritage trades training.”

The building industry has an important role to play in raising the profile of traditional trades and sponsoring training programs, workshops and events that provide young people with exposure to heritage trades.

heritage and traditional trades can also be incorporated into modern building sites to improve end results and customer satisfaction.

In a survey of building contractors conducted by the Construction and Property services Industry skills Council, which advocates for national training and workforce development, more than 30% of respondents described current customer demand for work requiring specialist heritage trade skills as steady, 5.5% described it as healthy and only 17.8% described it as diminishing.

“The public seem genuinely fascinated by and respectful of heritage trades and the vast variety of skills and traditional tools employed,” says McMillan heritage Plastering owner and director scott McMillan.

scott, who is a member of Australia International Council on Monuments and sites (ICOMOs) and the International Building Limes Forum, is originally from scotland and spent much of his career

working on projects on behalf of historic scotland. he was then approached to come to Australia to meet a demand for his specific skill set.

This is a familiar story for those working in traditional trades. The lack of heritage trades training in Australia means people skilled in traditional craftsmanship need to be sourced from overseas in order to meet Australia’s heritage conservation needs.

“There has been an increased awareness among those involved in historic building conservation that traditional skills are vitally important when carrying out repairs to heritage buildings. The correct training and skills ensure the longevity of conservation works, which honour the integrity of the existing building fabric,” says scott.

“Unfortunately, the wrong techniques and inappropriate modern materials are all too frequently used for repairs on heritage buildings so moisture is sealed in, resulting in damage and decay.”

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2 2 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

This is why companies such as McMillan heritage Plastering, which specialise in heritage projects and use traditional materials, are so important.

McMillan heritage Plastering is one of the few traditional plastering companies that still adopt in-situ methods, providing expertise in traditional lime and ornamental plastering.

Traditional plastering uses putty lime as the main binder, which is breathable, soft in appearance and renowned for its unrivalled sustainability as a building material. Animal hair is often added into the mix to provide extra strength and to reduce shrinking and cracking.

While modern plasterwork focuses predominantly on mass production techniques, including fitting gyprock coving and applying bagged rendering products, traditional plasterwork involves specialised skills.

“Today, traditional plasterwork focuses on conservation and restoration work mainly for the care and repair of heritage buildings. Essentially, traditional plasterwork strives to match seamlessly into any existing heritage plaster elements. This is achieved through mastering a variety of intricate artisan handcraft skills to carefully execute a large scope of specialised ornamental works, including in-situ

cornice restorations and decorative moulding reproductions,” says scott.

Traditional lime plaster is applied directly to solid backings such as masonry or flexible supports such as timber laths in three coats, with a two-week curing time between each coat. Unlike the gypsum plaster used in modern building works, traditional plaster is breathable and flexible, allowing moisture to evaporate through the walls and ceilings to prevent damp and condensation.

“The high content of lime within traditional plaster allows the masonry substrate to breathe, which makes it perfectly suited for rising and falling damp treatments,” says scott.

“Traditional plastering skills are therefore vital in the correct conservation of our shared built heritage. The time-honoured skills and expert workmanship employed in traditional plastering repair works demonstrate the utmost respect to the original building fabric. It also ensures issues such as moisture build-up, cracking and shrinkage do not threaten the building’s structure or aesthetic.”

In its 2017 State of the Industry Report, the Tasmanian Building and Construction Industry Training Board says it is concerned the building industry

does not have the skills needed to be able to perform the conservation work required to maintain the state’s heritage sites. Previous research conducted by the Board found this problem isn’t restricted to Tasmania but is happening around the country, putting Australia’s heritage estates at risk.

“Inexperienced tradespeople employing the wrong techniques and modern materials can have a disastrous and irreversible impact on heritage buildings. Authentic and traditional skills safeguard the integrity of heritage buildings for generations to come,” says scott.

however, it’s not just heritage sites that benefit from traditional trades. As an increasing number of customers turn away from cookie-cutter housing and towards customisation, traditional skills are also needed to help meet client specifications on new builds.

Most notably, leadlight windows are an increasing trend in new builds despite being most commonly known for use in historical structures and architecture. According to Architectural Glass Design president Merinda young, there are a lot of younger tradespeople wanting to incorporate vintage house decorations into contemporary house designs.

“There are a lot of people that do leadlight today that were part of the last resurgence 30 years ago and now that cycle is starting again with a lot of interest from young people,” says Merinda.

“Leadlight windows ties into the current interest there is in heritage architecture and while leadlight windows are a huge part of Australian history, it’s also something that can be amazingly contemporary. This is basically why leadlights are finding their way into new builds because they can be done in a way that fits a modern building.

“We’re also finding that the younger generation want more personality with their new builds and leadlights fit this perfectly. It’s a gross misconception that the design of a leadlight window still resembles something like your grandma’s curtains – it’s not like that at all. The design can be anything the person wants, which means they can implement a part of themselves with the final product.”

hErITAGE TrADEs

Ornamental plasterwork completed by McMillan Heritage Plastering.

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While leadlight windows are making their way into modern homes across the country, the production method hasn’t changed since its invention. According to Merinda, this is why it’s still loved by so many people.

“The design still has to be drawn up by hand to scale because every leadlight is different to the next one. The picture is then used as our template to which we cut the glass – the lead is stretched over the glass by hand, puttied, soldered and all cut manually.

“There have been attempts to change the technology but it has resulted in leadlights losing the unique element that makes them special. This is even more relevant now with the amount of new builds wanting a leadlight window that captures the modern and unique design of the house.”

The preservation method of leadlight windows also hasn’t changed since the 15th century as each individual window needs to be assessed. Leadlight studios currently put in place maintenance procedures that aim to prevent future failures of the glass. This involves using

the exact same glass and lead that was used in the original production, which is then cut to size, leaded and soldered.

As with other heritage trades in Australia right now, extra effort is needed to help promote leadlight windows as a growing trade. Merinda says that this is often done through education and training but those in the

industry already find it hard to offer this when there’s a lack of government funding.

“The most important thing is to help this trade grow is to continue to educate and train younger people who are showing an interest getting into the market. The sad thing is, a massive opportunity is being

missed due to the lack of funding. There are so many people looking to get themselves apprenticed out into a reputable studio but we’re just not able to offer it without any funding,” says Miranda.

“Currently, as a body, we’re looking to form some training online but that won’t happen until there is some help from the government.”

Merinda believes the future looks

bright for the leadlight industry but funding will be needed to ensure continuous interest from up-and-coming tradespeople.

“We continue to be in talks with institutions that are prepared to hold the training. There are so many young, talented and innovative people out there that do some remarkable things with leadlight so we want to nurture this talent so they can keep it going,” says Merinda.

A symbiotic relationship between permit authorities and heritage standards and training is important to strengthen the heritage trade uptake.

“There are so many people all around Australia working to try and address the heritage trades skills training but ultimately trainers need to be working closely with legislators otherwise nothing official will be put in place,” says Brad.

“I’m an optimist though. We have a lot of marketing force behind it so hopefully that eventuates into government awareness and additional funding.”

centre for heritage at oatlandswww.centreforheritage.com.auMcMillan heritage plasteringwww.mcmillanheritageplastering.com.auarchitectural glass Design australiawww.agdaglass.com

The preservation methods of leadlighting haven’t changed for centuries, but the styles reflect current styles.

The building industry has a role

to play in raising the profile of

traditional trades.

2 4 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

thE crowNINg of St StEphEN’S

O riginally built in 1848, the imposing and majestic st. stephen’s Cathedral is a

standout feature of the Brisbane city skyline. Nestled among the tall office buildings, the grand Gothic revival building is an elegant nod to Australia’s historic architecture and tradition.

Maintaining the stunning cathedral is no easy feat with its classic sandstone masonry and delicate stained glass

windows, and requires special attention. so when the roof of the Cathedral fell into disrepair – great care, high-quality materials and expert workmanship were needed to guarantee the safe removal and installation of a new roof.

st. stephen’s is a heritage listed building and so must adhere to the Queensland Government’s Conservative Management Plan, which works to ensure the heritage values of a structure are meticulously conserved and managed.

The roofing material chosen needed to maintain the heritage aspect of the building while enduring the Queensland weather. Certified roofing was engaged to remodel and replace the 2,000m2,

60º pitch roof under a very strict brief using stramit products.

“Not only did the chosen roof material need to be of the highest quality to ensure many more years of withstanding the harsh Queensland weather,” says Certified roofing director Mick Bentham.

“It also needed to seamlessly blend in with the historic architecture of the building, rather than overtake it.”

With this in mind, Mick opted for stramit speed Deck Ultra for the entire roof remodel.

“I have always been fond of the sleek look of speed Deck Ultra, its strength of internal clips and backing by a quality name was important,” explains Mick.

A new roof on a heritage-listed cathedral brings many challenges, but the rewards are worth it.

rOOFING

Above: Replacement ventilators were requested as part of the re-roofing of St Stephen’s, but with no existing plans, the only guidelines were the original photos from the 1800s.

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 2 5

Offering excellent durability, stramit speed Deck Ultra’s fastenings are protected beneath the decking and can outlast through-fixed roofing – making it perfect for commercial roofing applications. Mick says the material choice was an easy one.

“Not only are the sheets light, speed Deck Ultra also has a large water-carrying capacity and weather-tightness,” he says.

Mick says the project was not without its challenges.

“It was not realised until the scaffolding went up that we tested the surface paint of the roof and found it contained bonded asbestos fibres,” he says.

Due to the presence of asbestos, the entire approach to the project had to be changed.

“With the building being located in the middle of the city and in a high traffic area, great attention was needed for the safe removal of the asbestos so we engaged 470 Group, which specialise in asbestos removal,” explains Mick.

“We also had to make sure all Workplace health and safety regulations were carefully complied with throughout the removal.”

Also challenging was the discovery of 200mm x 30mm thick hardwood timber planks butted together that the old roof was fixed to requiring new battens to be installed to bring the building to current standards.

Another aspect of the remodel that

proved challenging, was for the original roof ventilators to be re-produced.

“The Archdiocese services wanted us to re-create the original roof ventilators which can be seen on an old black and white photo of the cathedral,” explains Mick.

“removed from the roof somewhere between the 1900s and 1950s – there are absolutely no plans, drawings or information on the ventilators in any records – all we had as a reference was the black and white photo taken in the 1800s and nothing more.”

Thankfully, with the help of F & M Fabrications the ventilators were recreated and placed in the same positions as seen in the heritage photo.

Mick describes the evolution of the

cathedral roof as fascinating. “There’s ittle information on the

roof’s past, but we know it was originally slate then replaced with galvanised metal sheets,” he says.

“For the new roof we’ve used 0.48mm BMT Colorbond in Jasper.”

The Archdiocese services chose the colour Jasper, which was the closest match to the old roof colour and perfectly suited the traditional architecture of the building.

By the end of the installation, Mick says the st. stephen’s community loved the results.

“Indeed it is surprising for many that we were able to retain the traditional look of the cathedral, using advanced modern materials,” he says.

The completed roof.

Left: The roof on St Stephen’s prior to restoration and replacement. Right: Construction phase of the new roof.

2 6 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

NaIlINg coNNEctor tEchNIQuE

T here is a wide range of products in the marketplace for joining timber members together -

from simple joist hangers for joining a timber joist to a beam, to more advanced connections that are used in mid-rise timber construction. A lot of times these connectors may be hidden behind cladding materials and not given much consideration; however, they are a structural component that can affect the overall performance of the structure.

Traditional construction with timber often required bolted connections which typically governed the size of the members required. Larger timber members were needed to allow for the required edge or end distances, as well as the spacing of the bolts.

Metal connector brackets, that are nailed and/or screwed, have been available for decades and they allow for better optimising of timber sizes as well as faster and more efficient construction methods. A number of the manufacturers that supply these connectors invest considerable amounts of time and effort into

research and development, as well as product testing to ensure that the connectors perform to engineering specification.

For these connectors to perform correctly, they also need to be installed correctly. When first introduced into the market, these connectors were typically hand nailed with the good old fashioned hammer. The general rule of thumb was that if there was a nail hole in the connector – drive a nail through it. And not just any old nail. There are specific connector nails for this application. The connector manufacturer will specify the length and diameter of the nails required as well as the required number of nails.

It is also important to use the correct connector and install it as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Modifying

connectors by cutting or bending them may have serious consequences unless the connector manufacturer specifies what alterations can be made. There has been a lot of publicity recently about non-compliant and non-conforming building products. The key is

that the product must be fit for purpose. This also applies to connectors.

The durability of the connector and the associated nails should also be considered. If the connector is to be in a corrosive environment, such as building a sheltered deck in close proximity to a

coastal location, heavier galvanising or stainless steel connectors may be required. And when using stainless steel connectors, stainless steel nails should always be used to prevent galvanic or dissimilar metal corrosion.

A common mistake when installing

Best practice in nails and connectors goes way beyond whacking it with a hammer. Dean Ashton from Simpson Strong-Tie explains why the correct installation is critical.

Left: Overdriven nails dimpled connector. Right: Overdriven, damaged holes and over plate.

It is important to use the correct connector and

install it per the manufacturer’s

instructions.

CONNECTOrs

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 2 7

connectors is not installing the correct number of nails. If the correct number of nails are not used, the connector may not fully resist the loads intended which may result in damage to the structure.

Most building sites now use some form of pneumatic nailing and the hammer is left hidden in the tool box. The use of pneumatic nailing introduces a wide range of issues when installing the connectors. The first issue that needs to be considered is safety when nailing through metal products, and it is recommended that you consult the nail gun manufacturer for any specific guidelines.

As mentioned above the general rule of thumb for installing connectors is to drive a nail through the nail hole. Most pneumatic nail guns do not have a nail locater and the end result is that the nail is driven directly through the metal. This may reduce the overall capacity of the connector by reducing the amount of steel in the connector. If the nail is located too close to a nail hole it may increase the hole size and further reduce the capacity of the connector. The pressure used in the nail gun may also have an effect. Too much pressure and the nail may be overdriven (often seen if the nail dimples the connector or in some cases punches completely through) which again will reduce the capacity.

The actual locations of the nails will also affect the capacity of the connector. For the nails to be effective they require sufficient edge distances to the steel and the timber. Too close to the edges may result in the connector and/or timber to split. If the nails are too closely spaced, they lose their effectiveness to hold into the timber and again reduce the capacity of the connector.

Pneumatic nails guns can drive nails that are a smaller diameter than the specified hand driven connector nails. The size of the nail used is critical for the performance of the connector as smaller diameter nails will have a lower shear capacity and shorter length nails will have lower nail withdrawal capacity. some manufacturers may give information about reduction factors, others may recommend additional

nails be installed, while others will only recommend the hand nailed option. It is important to understand that the published load data will have specific nail lengths and diameter. Any variation to these criteria at point of installation may impact on the engineered load carrying capacity.

Building inspectors are becoming more aware of the installation errors of the connectors and in some cases projects have been delayed, along with the additional costs, due to rectification works needed to be carried out to poorly installed connectors.

so what can be done to ensure that

your connectors are correctly installed and that the structural integrity of the building is not affected? It is recommended that you refer to the connector manufacturer’s installation instructions. Follow these and your connections will perform as intended.

your timber connectors may end up getting hidden behind the cladding, but it is important for the performance of the structure that they are installed correctly.

Not enough nails so holes still empty.

Missed holes and connector.

simpson strong-tie www.strongtie.com.au

2 8 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

a cErtIfIablE mINEfIElD

I n August 2017, implementation of the improved CodeMark Australia certification scheme commenced

following an extensive review process conducted by the Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB). The review was in response to concerns about growing incidents of non-conforming and non-compliant products in Australia.

CodeMark is a voluntary third-party building product certification scheme that provides compliance of building materials, forms of construction and designs under the Building Code of Australia (BCA) volumes One and Two. Products certified under CodeMark are recognised nationally as being compliant with specific requirements of the BCA.

In 2014, a senate inquiry into non-conforming and non-compliant products lead to a review of the CodeMark scheme in consultation with state and Territory governments, industry groups, scheme Certification Bodies and the Ministry of Business and Innovation and Employment in New Zealand.

The review recommended several ways CodeMark could be strengthened, including separating the Australian and New Zealand schemes. The schemes have now been re-named in Australia and New Zealand to CodeMark Australia and CodeMark New Zealand respectively to reflect the fact that although CodeMark was developed jointly between the two countries, the schemes now operate and are administered separately.

CodeMark Australia has introduced requirements for more information to be included about the products that have been certified and there will now be information included about how the products are to be used. Additionally, performance requirements must now be evaluated in accordance with CodeMark protocol for the assessment of products against BCA Performance

requirements. The tests and reports on which the accredited certification body based its decision are required to be presented and the manufacturing facility where the products were made must be identified.

The ABCB felt these changes would establish a common approach and provide greater clarity for end-users following feedback from stakeholders during the review process that identified concerns about the level of discretion available to accredited certification bodies (CBs) in their certification process.

Other changes include the removal of risk analysis, the removal of mandatory factory or site visits, the introduction

of post manufacture or supply chain surveillance and a new Certificate of Conformity template.

The ABCB says the new Certificate of Conformity template will make it easier for practitioners to prescribe the amount and clarity of information required in the certificate and to determine which parts of the BCA the product has been certified to meet.

The new scheme will be implemented over a period of time so the industry can adjust and the transition be made for existing CodeMark participants and certified products.

Accredited bodies have until January 2018 to prove to the scheme

The Australian building industry is highly regulated, yet incidents of non-conforming or non-compliant products being used on building sites still occur and have prompted changes to the CodeMark certification scheme. Adelle King explains the changes and what building contractors need to know about the product certification process.

CErTIFICATION

Third party certificationCodeMark

Test Report

NATA Accredited Testing Lab

Self-certify

BCA Vol. 1+2

Certified Bodies

Scheme Accreditation BodyJAS-ANZ

Certificate of Conformity

CertMark International

Bureau Veritas Global-Mark SAI Global

BEAL Certification

Service

Scheme Manager

ABCB

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3 0 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

Administrator and Accreditation Body for CodeMark, the Joint Accreditation system of Australia and New Zealand (JAs-ANZ), that they have complied with all the new requirements of the scheme.

JAs-ANZ will also host a product database, which was previously on the ABCB website, with downloadable Certificates of Conformity available.

thE cErtIfIcatIoN procESSThe ABCB manages the CodeMark scheme in Australia but JAs-ANZ is the scheme accreditation body, meaning it assesses and accredits certification bodies that issue Certificates of Conformity in relation to a product.

JAs-ANZ has developed assessment criteria that CBs must meet to become accredited and conducts audits of these bodies every six to 12 months to ensure they comply. As of writing there are five CBs accredited to certify to the BCA under the CodeMark scheme in Australia, BEAL Certification service, Bureau veritas, CertMark International, Global-Mark and sAI Global.

The tests, factory visits and costs for CodeMark certification will differ depending on the CB so companies wishing to gain CodeMark should contact the CBs directly through the details available on the JAs-ANZ website to find out how to proceed.

The six CodeMark CBs are responsible for evaluating products, including reviewing the test reports and, where applicable, auditing the manufacturer or installation site for compliance. If the product is found to comply with the specified sections or clauses of the BCA then a Certificate of Conformity is issued, which lists the scope of compliance and any limitations or conditions.

While all building products and systems must comply

with the BCA under Australian law, CodeMark certification itself isn’t mandatory, which means people can choose to get their products assessed and fit to be certified under a number of different schemes.

“The main difference between CodeMark certification and other Product Certification schemes is that CodeMark is a nationally recognised scheme. The CodeMark Certificate of Conformity is one of several options available for meeting the ‘Evidence of suitability’ requirements of the BCA. however, unlike other Evidence of suitability options, Certificates of Conformity receive mandatory acceptance under state and Territory building control legislation. This means that CodeMark certified products do not require additional information from local councils or other regulatory bodies because they accept that the product has gone through extensive third-party assessment,” says Bureau veritas certification manager sam Guindi.

“Another distinguishing element of CodeMark

is that it includes installation as part

of the assessment process. Traditional product certification schemes certify

how the product is manufactured in the

factory to ensure it complies with the requirements of the relevant standard but CodeMark also looks at installation because if

the product isn’t installed correctly onsite, then it’s useless. The Certification Process must examine the Product, its uses and installation (including, if applicable, conducting a construction site visit) to determine the on-site application of the Product.”

Under the CodeMark scheme, compliance with the BCA

is achieved by satisfying the Performance

requirements. The performance based format of the BCA allows a choice of deemed-to-satisfy solutions (DTs) or flexibility to develop performance solutions based on existing or new innovative products, systems and designs. The performance requirements can be satisfied through a performance solution (formerly known as alternative solution) or DTs or a combination of both.

“DTs solution means a method of satisfying the Deemed-to-satisfy Provisions, e.g. the product has already been tested in accordance with a referenced standard or Test Method and hence compliance with the Performance requirements of the BCA has been demonstrated,” says sam.

“If the product cannot be assessed under the DTs solution, CBs can still assess and certify the product under the performance solution, provided the product will meet the performance requirements of the BCA. however, it’s a more complex process assessing a product against a performance solution compared to a DTs solution.”

Once a product has been identified as complying with the requirements of the BCA, a Certificate of Conformity is issued. This certificate has a three year life, after which an audit and full review are conducted.

CodeMark certification shows a product has been assessed by an independent third-party certifier, offering increased credibility and market potential.

“CodeMark certification isn’t just a test report, it’s an ongoing product compliance scheme that ensures every product that comes out of the factory will comply because we’ve audited the system, we know the company is doing the right thing and we do surveillance audits to ensure this,” says sam.

altErNatIVE cErtIfIcatIoN optIoNSsince CodeMark isn’t mandatory, companies that want to sell and market a product in Australia have a number of options, including to self-certify or go through an alternative certification scheme.

self-certifying involves having the product tested and receiving a test

CErTIFICATION

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 3 1

report that shows the product complies with specific BCA requirements.

“A test report is not third-party certification. The test report basically states that the prototype sent to the laboratory on the day passed testing but there are no guarantees this product is what the factory will continue to manufacture and supply,” says sam.

Third-party product certification schemes, on the other hand, verify testing of the product as well as auditing the manufacturing facility. CodeMark is not the only third-party certification scheme and most CodeMark CBs also have their own product certification schemes that complement CodeMark.

Whereas CodeMark represents compliance with specific requirements of the BCA, these alternative product certification schemes show compliance with specific Australian or international standards, which may also be referenced in the BCA.

Bureau veritas, for instance, certifies

products under its ‘s’ Mark scheme, which was originally established by standards New Zealand in 1944 before being taken over by Bureau veritas in 1997.

The ‘s’ Mark is associated with a range of products from safety footwear and protective clothing to timber products and fire hydrants.

“Companies will come to us with a product that needs to comply with a specific standard so we audit the manufacturing process and verify test reports against that standard,” says sam.

“It’s quite a straight-forward process because the testing requirements are outlined in the standard so we assess the product against that and then issue a Certificate against the particular standard,” says sam.

Due to the number of different ways building products can receive certification in Australia, there can be some confusion about how and when a product complies.

“We could have a client that receives

certification on a product for fire properties but there could be instances where the product may also require assessment against other properties, such as thermal properties, so building contractors need to be checking the Certificate of Conformity for the scope of compliance, installation requirements and limitations,” says sam.

“There is also sometimes confusion when people assume that because a company has certification on a particular product, it means all their products comply but product certification is very specific to the product listed on the Certificate of Conformity. While certification is evidence of compliance with the BCA or with a specific standard, it’s still important to check the content of the certificate to know the extent of that compliance.”

Search the WaterMark Product Database before you purchase or install

www.abcb.gov.au

Have you checked if your plumbing or drainage product is certified?

Stay up to date with WaterMark news and information

Bureau veritas australia www.bureauveritas.com.au

3 2 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

wINDowS to thE worlD

T he 12th annual Fenestration Australia Design Awards recognise the exceptional

innovation in the skylight, window and door industry. Open to members of the Australian Window Association, the Australasian Institute of surface Finishing and the skylight Industry Association, the awards were presented on 19 september 2017 in sydney.

The Fenestration Awards are a celebration of excellence and professionalism in the industry and aim to raise awareness and interest in window products and surface finishings. The judges reviewed all the entrants

and were impressed by the high level of quality, workmanship and presentation of the entries.

The 15 categories included residential and commercial skylights; surface finishes such as anodising and powder coating; window and door usage in renovations and new builds; window systems and components and showrooms.

thE oVErall wINNErThe overall winner across all categories was sGA Architectural Window solutions for the Dorrigo health & Wellbeing Centre in New south Wales. submitted in the category of Best Use of Windows & Doors: Commercial under $5 million, the judging criteria was based on the suitability of products used in terms of

energy, ventilation and functionality; the effectiveness of the windows and doors; visual impact; building aesthetics; energy performance; and, overall environmental impact.

The products used in the project included AWs ‘vantage’ Designer Magnum awnings and fixed windows; ‘Elevate’ 424 series double glazed commercial frames and door panels.

In describing the project, sGA Architectural Window solutions, director Matt Galvin says, “With viridian’s new range of Lightbridge Low-E IGUs, we were able to achieve outstanding U-values and solar heat gain co-efficient numbers to align with the building’s environmental agenda while providing as much natural light as possible. The use of the designer

Window and door systems play an integral part of the built environment and a well considered approach in design can enhance a building. The recent AWA Fenestration Awards celebrate the achievements of the industry, writes Deborah Andrich.

AWA AWArDs

Above: The overall winner of the AWA Fenestration Awards was the Dorrigo Health & Wellbeing Centre.

JOB WELL DONE

OUR WALL & CEILINGPRODUCTS

YOUR HARD WORK

© 2017 USG BORAL. All rights reserved. The trademarks USG BORAL and INNOVATION INSPIRED BY YOU are trademarks of USG Boral Building Products or one or more of its a�liates.

USGBoral.com

3 4 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

frames added to the overall aesthetics of the building.

“The building also possesses a high volume of insulation and the planted roof assists in providing passive user comfort. Natural light and low vOC paint combined with natural materials and cross ventilation have produced a healthy working and user environment.

“The building creates a high level of satisfaction to those who helped bring it to life. The Dorrigo Community not only possess an iconic award winning landmark but an extremely important medical resource which they have needed for quite some time.”

There weren’t many building

challenges but more manufacturing challenges. The building contractor worked tirelessly to provide information and templates that were pivotal to the manufacturing of the windows and doors. The curved highlite double glazing in particular needed to be constructed to a certain radius and height. Through the use of CAD software sGA were able to produce a product to the exact millimetre.

Matt’s business has evolved rapidly in the last three years to align with modern technology and building materials within the industry. The changes to the NsW Basix Targets in 2017 have brought a greater emphasis

on energy and water and sGA are keen to increase their presence in this market. The Dorrigo project ticked the boxes for the company’s aims and commitments in their approach and fulfilled the client’s expectations not only on how the building looked, but also how it performed.

“At the end of the day, the client is extremely happy with the outcome, therefore customer satisfaction is the majority of our accomplishment.”

rESIDENtIal NEw buIlD oVEr $1 mIllIoNTaking advantage of coastal views is always part of a home design and window systems are an integral part of the overall concept. The guidelines for Residential new build over $1 million were similar to that of the Dorrigo project and were met with the use of Keller minimal windows from Luxembourg that feature minimal sliding systems. As described by the applicant, European Window Company, the windows are “virtually frameless and based on viridian’s green energy tech toughened glass and manufactured locally”.

The aesthetic, design and functionality of the thermally broken Keller minimal windows system allow for great energy efficiency and huge amounts of natural light to beam into the home. This refines the boundaries between the internal and external living spaces. Through the use of the windows system, the amazing vistas of Port Phillip Bay and the Brighton marina make it a premier backyard.

According to European Window Company spokesperson, stephanie Jones, the challenges in the project arose more from the underlying sand dune profile, coastal winds and frequent salt water spray.

“As the project was quite a significant size, with this also came the challenge of large window openings. The positioning of the site made it difficult to install our product especially as the frames and panes of glass were so large. With the combination of patience and an experienced team, the install was a success and we are extremely pleased with the outcome.”

The location of this project was

The winner of the AWA Fenestration award for residential new build over $1 million took advantage of the coastal views of Brighton, Victoria.

AWA AWArDs

$45.95 (includes postage & handling) ................................................................CODE 391

The Australian House Building ManualThis book is worth its weight in gold to all apprentices, builders, designers and training institutions. It covers brick veneer, weather-board, cavity brick and concrete block construction, and provides over 550 detailed illustrations, and loads of practical know how in line with industry requirements, the BCA and Australian Standards. As a hot tip place your order now, as books by this author are in strong demand.

SEE ORDER FORM ON PAGE 90 OR PHONE 1800 623 214 ORDER ONLINE @ WWW.TRADESTUFF.COM.AU

TRADE STUFF FILLER BUILDING 1_3 H_HOUSEBUILDINGMANUAL.indd 1 8/12/2017 11:45:41 AM

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 3 5

something special and as it is absolute beach front, it was important to keep the design minimal and simple so that the outside beauty could be appreciated and the elderly residents comfortable in their home.

Being a seaside property, it was also important to achieve high energy ratings so that the home stays cool in summer and warmer in winter without the use of mechanical and electrical heating/cooling devices.

SpEctacular ENtrIESThe royal Botanic Garden sydney has opened The Calyx, an integrated

mix of indoor and outdoor areas for exhibitions within a plant environment. The design challenge was to maximise light transmission for the health of the plants and comfortable for visitors while presenting a unique architectural design.

Distinct Aluminium solutions, the project designer, used structurally-glazed heavy angle split mullions and recessed heat and sill channels to provide a seamless, frameless, faceted radial facade. The double glazed panels offer solar performance and unimpeded views with automated skylights for thermal control.

The new home in the highlands of

victoria used the window systems from DLG Aluminium & Glazing, which are able to weather the harsh environmental climate of the Beechworth region. The 704 sliding door system is rated to achieve a high wind load for the large expanses of door openings. Double glazing increased the energy efficiency and thermal performance.

The owners of the building specified a light, spacious and modern home, while maintaining sensitivity to its historical gold rush setting. The result is a home that is capable of withstanding extreme climatic conditions while still taking the spectacular views of Mt Buffalo.

The Calyx at the Sydney Botanic Gardens and a new home in Beechworth represent innovative use of windows and doors.

$45.95 (includes postage & handling) ................................................................CODE 391

The Australian House Building ManualThis book is worth its weight in gold to all apprentices, builders, designers and training institutions. It covers brick veneer, weather-board, cavity brick and concrete block construction, and provides over 550 detailed illustrations, and loads of practical know how in line with industry requirements, the BCA and Australian Standards. As a hot tip place your order now, as books by this author are in strong demand.

SEE ORDER FORM ON PAGE 90 OR PHONE 1800 623 214 ORDER ONLINE @ WWW.TRADESTUFF.COM.AU

TRADE STUFF FILLER BUILDING 1_3 H_HOUSEBUILDINGMANUAL.indd 1 8/12/2017 11:45:41 AM

3 6 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

Dam that watEr oN thE SubSIll

D espite prescriptive instructions in window system manufacturers’ literature

and warnings in entry-level manuals aimed at building investigators, the lack of correct installation of dams at the ends of aluminium-framed window system subsills is a defect that is still encountered so frequently as to no longer be surprising.

Jackson Teece Architecture associate director of building diagnostics simon Owen says the outcomes of the omission or poor installation of end dams are terrible for industry as well as home owners and says there is merit in applying the principle of connecting the end dam to window head flashings.

In the image to the right of an installation from the 1980s, there is clear evidence of poorly installed sub-sill end dams in the form of dampness and mould growth on the subsill and wall interface. Other symptoms include damp carpet and underlay and corrosion of carpet stretcher fasteners and prongs, particularly in the corner formed by the glazed assembly and wall.

simon notes that he has encountered numerous creative substitutions for purpose-made components to prevent water collected from spilling over the subsills’ end and wetting finishes – from deformed and repurposed soft drink cans to pieces of torn fabric – but by far the most popular material has been elastomeric sealant applied ‘pointlessly scant to absurd in its gratuitousness’.

“During recent investigative work, we were asked to justify why elastomeric sealant was not a sound alternative to the fitting of purpose-made end dams,” says simon.

“We located an assembly where the sealant ‘dam’ appeared intact and on agreement gently hose-tested the window assembly. Within minutes this exercise demonstrated the folly of reliance upon sealant alone [see Figures 1a to 1d].

Manufacturers of window systems that incorporate subsills generally supply purpose-made end dams. When these are properly fitted to subsills, no further work is needed to prevent water leakage from the window system at the ends of subsills. reliance on sealant caulking between the ends of subsills and adjoining wall construction is reckless because:1. The number of variables which lead to

decline in sealant joint performance is large;

2. The success of a sealant joint relies heavily upon substrate preparation and sealant application: the responsibility for this rests wholly with the sealant applicator;

3. Whether a substrate has been adequately prepared to receive a sealant cannot be readily verified after application of the sealant;

4. The ends of subsills must be fully dammed by abutting wall materials;

5. The damming wall material must be waterproof;

6. The cross-sectional shape of subsills is complex and ensuring that a viscous sealant has fully closed the junction of the subsill and abutting surface is difficult;

7. sealants require maintenance; the only means of gaining adequate access to the ends of subsills is to disassemble the window or door system.

Poor installation of aluminium-framed window end dams is a problem frequently encountered. AWA member Simon Owen talks to Building Connection about correct installation techniques.

When installed in the 1980s, clear silicon sealant pumped in the junction between an anodised aluminium sub-sill and precast concrete wall panel failed to adhere to the concrete which was nor properly prepare for the sealant.

WINDOW WOrLD

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 3 7

hEaD flaShINg END DamS – a Dam luNatIc talkINg?British standard Bs 5628 Part 3 – Use of Masonry was revised in 1985 which led the Building research Establishment [BrE] housing Defects Prevention Unit in the United Kingdom to revise its own Defect Action sheet number 15 [1983] as DAs 98 in 1987. Both Defect Action sheets dealt with the penetration of water into buildings around windows. The revised Defect Action sheet included a requirement from the newly-updated British standard that cavity trays at window heads [head flashings in Ozspeak] include stop-ends to prevent water which accumulated on them spilling over the ends of the flashings and wetting the inside skins of cavity walls by wetting cavity ties, mortar dags or cavity insulation [not often encountered here], or due to sagging of the head flashing creating a discharge point near or at the vertical

Figures 1a to 1d: A water hose test on an aluminium-framed window assembly using a sealant dam clearly shows after several minutes that water penetration occurs.

Figures 2a and 2b: A generic and compliant head flashing arrangement under the British standards, and its possible downfall in allowing water collected by the window head flashing to be diverted to the interior leaf of a cavity wall.

face of the inside skin of the wall [see Figures 2a and 2b].

The current Australian standard does not require such a measure but it also presumes that cavities will be clear and not bridged with mortar or debris and that flexible flashings will be installed and forever keep the shape in which they are shown on architects’ wall sections [which are usually prepared by people who have never had to handle, position, fold, join and clean lengths of bitumen-coated aluminium foil to a deadline] and that weepholes will be installed in the correct course and intelligently positioned.

Given the likelihood that cavities can be bridged, weepholes can be poorly-formed and then easily become clogged, and that flexible flashing materials can sag with the passing of time, I present the Brits’ improvement on things for your consideration. It might be about time we stopped waiting to be told how to improve what we do.

1a 1b

1c 1d

Diagram by DaNielle hyNarD.

2a

2b

Building faster to build it for less is a key driver of the construction industry today. And maintaining quality standards when constructing things quickly is never an easy task – it requires careful planning and coordination off-site and onsite.

One way to ensure a project progresses as smoothly as possible, is to have access to accurate delivery timeframes from building and construction material suppliers.

This is doubly important for materials that all projects depend on. Concrete’s the perfect example – the second most consumed substance on earth and the starting point for virtually any building project.

As with any delivery, things don’t always go to schedule for a variety of reasons, which makes it vital for builders and contractors to know where their order is and what time it’s arriving.

With the advancement of technology in recent years there’s now a way to do this. The key advantage of our computers and digital devices and access to the internet is providing faster, more efficient access to information. We can even now see where our takeaway pizza is down to the metre. Now it’s similar for concrete.

Track My Order is the new mobile app from Holcim Australia that allows you to see your concrete deliveries on a map in real time using GPS technology. In an instant, you will know where the concrete load is and a good idea when it will be arriving on your site. Track My Order also allows you to view the day’s orders and delivery tickets, check order

confirmation status, see the total order amount versus how much has been delivered, plus upcoming orders for the next 14 days.

Track My Order is also helpful when you’re not using the app. If a delivery is delayed or cancelled, you’ll receive a notification alert.

Using Holcim’s Track My Order is simple. Just enter your mobile number and state and you’ll be sent your PIN via SMS. You’ll then see a colour-coded overview of your orders. Tapping on an order will show the tickets that make up the order. Tap on one of the tickets, and you’ll then see a map showing the location of the delivery truck, updating in real time.

Download Track My Order today from the App Store or Google Play to keep your projects on track.

Innovation through real-time informationHolcim Australia’s new Track My Order mobile app

helps you to stay informed and your projects to stay on track.

Advertorial

Strength. Performance. Passion.

Concrete order tracking?

There’s an app for that.

Introducing Track My Order from Holcim.

Key features include real-time GPS tracking of deliveries, notifications and alerts, order status and info.

Download Track My Order from the App Store and Google Play.

Track My Order is one of several innovations coming from Holcim. Key areas in development here in Australia, and in the state-of-the-art LafargeHolcim R&D Centre in Lyon, France, include new concrete development for enhanced construction outcomes and other service initiatives designed to streamline ordering and delivery.

For more information, or to place an order, phone 13 11 88 or visit www.holcim.com.au

Building faster to build it for less is a key driver of the construction industry today. And maintaining quality standards when constructing things quickly is never an easy task – it requires careful planning and coordination off-site and onsite.

One way to ensure a project progresses as smoothly as possible, is to have access to accurate delivery timeframes from building and construction material suppliers.

This is doubly important for materials that all projects depend on. Concrete’s the perfect example – the second most consumed substance on earth and the starting point for virtually any building project.

As with any delivery, things don’t always go to schedule for a variety of reasons, which makes it vital for builders and contractors to know where their order is and what time it’s arriving.

With the advancement of technology in recent years there’s now a way to do this. The key advantage of our computers and digital devices and access to the internet is providing faster, more efficient access to information. We can even now see where our takeaway pizza is down to the metre. Now it’s similar for concrete.

Track My Order is the new mobile app from Holcim Australia that allows you to see your concrete deliveries on a map in real time using GPS technology. In an instant, you will know where the concrete load is and a good idea when it will be arriving on your site. Track My Order also allows you to view the day’s orders and delivery tickets, check order

confirmation status, see the total order amount versus how much has been delivered, plus upcoming orders for the next 14 days.

Track My Order is also helpful when you’re not using the app. If a delivery is delayed or cancelled, you’ll receive a notification alert.

Using Holcim’s Track My Order is simple. Just enter your mobile number and state and you’ll be sent your PIN via SMS. You’ll then see a colour-coded overview of your orders. Tapping on an order will show the tickets that make up the order. Tap on one of the tickets, and you’ll then see a map showing the location of the delivery truck, updating in real time.

Download Track My Order today from the App Store or Google Play to keep your projects on track.

Innovation through real-time informationHolcim Australia’s new Track My Order mobile app

helps you to stay informed and your projects to stay on track.

Advertorial

Strength. Performance. Passion.

Concrete order tracking?

There’s an app for that.

Introducing Track My Order from Holcim.

Key features include real-time GPS tracking of deliveries, notifications and alerts, order status and info.

Download Track My Order from the App Store and Google Play.

Track My Order is one of several innovations coming from Holcim. Key areas in development here in Australia, and in the state-of-the-art LafargeHolcim R&D Centre in Lyon, France, include new concrete development for enhanced construction outcomes and other service initiatives designed to streamline ordering and delivery.

For more information, or to place an order, phone 13 11 88 or visit www.holcim.com.au

4 0 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

DESIgN SplaShES DowN

H eat transfer through tiles or stainless steel behind a gas cooktop can cause the

material behind the wall to ignite – particularly in commercial kitchens. While the wall may appear to be covered in a material that won’t catch fire, such as ceramics or sheet metal, it is what lies beneath that can cause the problem.

As a consequence, standards have been put in place to define safe design of domestic and commercial kitchen splashbacks.

While the purpose of a splashback is primarily practical – it’s there to protect the wall from splashes – the panel behind a sink or cooktop is often the perfect place for clients to be less conservative and ‘make a statement’ with some stand-out finishes.

With an enormous range of products on offer, it’s easy to get carried away with the aesthetic possibilities. It’s more important, however, to ensure that the splashback specified complies with the relevant Australian standards and building codes, and accommodates the requirements of cooktop and rangehood installations.

Before contemplating the aesthetic qualities of splashback materials, it’s important to assess the following criteria first: 1. type of cooktop to be installed

If your client has selected a gas cooktop, it is critical that you refer to both the Australian standard As 5601/AG 601 Gas Installations and the cooktop manufacturer’s installation requirements.

2. Distance between cooktop and splashback If the distance between the edge of any gas burner and the splashback is less than 200mm, both the splashback material and the substrate must be non-combustible. Examples of potential solutions follow:

∫ glass: a second Australian standard comes in to play if glass is the material of choice. As/NZs 2208 stipulates that toughened safety glass must be used, and it should have a minimum thickness of 5mm. Ensure the glass is fit for purpose, and ask your supplier to confirm same in writing. The glass should be fixed on 10mm thick gyprock (as a minimum) or 6mm thick fibre cement sheet.

Kitchens can be a beautiful part of the home and it is too easy to focus on the aesthetics, but as Selina Zwolsman explains, it must also be functional and safe.

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 4 1

∫ ceramic tiles: tiles must have a minimum thickness of 5mm, and be installed on 10mm minimum thick gypsum plaster or 6mm thick fibre cement sheet. (Although 600mm tiles have in the past been popular in this application, you should consider note 3 below before narrowing down your selections.)

∫ sheet metal: stainless steel splashbacks must be constructed from a minimum 0.4mm thick sheet on a 10mm gypsum plaster or 6mm thick fibre cement substrate. A growing range of aluminium-based panels are making their way to market; make sure your supplier can provide you with written evidence of compliance.

∫ reconstituted stone: manufactured stone, or quartz surface is made from a ground stone powder and bonded with a polyster resin that is flammable and may be unsuitable for use without a suitable clearance around the cooker. If it is placed directly onto a combustible surface it must have a heat transfer coefficient of less than 20W/m2K.

If the distance between the splashback and burner is less than 200mm, then Energy safe victoria stipulates that protection of the combustible surface is required and should be installed to a height of not less than 150mm above the nearest burner. A facing material and fire resistant backing material is required.

3. Distance between cooktop and rangehood Australian standard As 5601 stipulates that the clearance between the highest part of the gas burner and the lowest part of the rangehood (or adjoining downward facing cabinetry/shelving situated directly over the width and depth of the cooktop) must not be less than 600mm. It should be noted that most rangehood instruction manuals are now stipulating a 650mm distance between the cooktop and the base of the hood (regardless of type of cooktop). Ensure that you reference both As 5601 and the appliance manufacturer’s installation requirements before selecting your splashback.

SomE StuNNINg SplaShback SolutIoNS wErE prESENtED IN thIS yEar’S kbDI DESIgNEr awarDS program. followINg arE juSt a fEw ExamplES of thE ENtrIES rEcEIVED.

taStEful tIlES This beautiful beachfront abode makes waves with this warm and inviting kitchen, thanks to designer Brett Patterson (The Kitchen Broker). The shaker-style cabinets, crisp whites and warm timbers make a welcoming space, while the oh-so-pretty tiles add an extra dose of love.

Seamless, grout-free splashback alternatives are gaining popularity, but the enormous range of decorative tiles is hard to go past.

marblE maStErpIEcESDesigner Belinda Nadile (Minosa) created a striking and sophisticated palette when specifying finishes for this stand out kitchen, while being thoughtful of the practical qualities of the materials. honed Carrara marble slabs take centre stage with their well thought out placement on the splashback and island back panel, while a durable solid surface bears the brunt of the work on the benchtops.

The natural beauty of marble continues to appeal to Australian homeowners, and designers are making the most of combining techno-advances with age-old materials.

SmokE & mIrrorSWith refrigeration hidden in wall cabinets, a cleverly concealed rangehood and a seamlessly integrated cooktop, designer Tracey stern (Thinkdzine) had all kinds of magic tricks in her bag when creating this kitchen masterpiece. A tinted mirror splashback adds to the mystical theme, and brings depth and balance to this very special space.

Glass has been a popular and practical option for splashbacks for many years, and its reflective qualities are a designer’s delight. When mirrored surfaces are used, all kinds of ‘smoke and mirrors’ magic can happen.

4 2 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

aIbS rEgulatory rEform framEwork

A ustralia’s building regulation system is urgently in need of modernisation. If the system

were a building, it would be reasonable to conclude that it is a D grade property whose life has extended way beyond the point of economic refurbishment.

Post the Grenfell Tower fire in London, evidence of this can be seen in the current situation across Australia with non-conforming products, including external wall cladding. We have recently seen other non-conforming product issues such as defective insulation on Infinity electrical cable, the inclusion of asbestos in some products, and we hear frequent complaints about compliance costs, approval timeframes, complexity of approval processes, and other factors. These are all symptoms of a systemic problem requiring a system-focussed solution to the building regulation landscape that can no longer keep up with changing times.

AIBs has developed a policy for building regulation reform which outlines the fundamental elements of a regulatory system that are necessary to support a modern innovative economy and ensure suitable controls to deliver consumer protection and a safe built environment.

what IS thE problEm? how Do wE kNow It IS a problEm? why haS It DEVElopED?The Australian and international economies have changed markedly in the past 30 years. Globalisation has impacted almost every facet of production. In Australia, we have seen an explosion in subcontractor numbers, increasing reliance on project managers to represent the client’s interests in building projects and a raft of innovative forms of contract related to the procurement of buildings.

The impact of mobile communication technologies has also been profound within the building and construction industry. It is now possible to carry with you the ability to access all contractual, technical and legislative documents necessary to understand compliance requirements for any building project - in a device which is no bigger than the pocket scientific calculators that could be bought 30 years ago. There has been a shift from local production of building products and materials to the point that a significant proportion of all products and materials used are imported.

We have recently seen sensational media reports about non-conforming product issues. The most prominent of these relate to the use of external cladding products which are combustible. There have been others too, such as defective insulation on Infinity electrical cable, the inclusion of asbestos in ceiling tiles in the Perth Children’s hospital and in floor panels used by Transport sA in switch rooms on their train network.

In addition to this, we often hear politicians responding to industry body complaints about compliance costs, approval timeframes, complexity

The Australian Institute of Building Surveyors’ (AIBS’) policy on building regulatory reform aims to support building inspectors as the industry evolves. Jeremy Turner explains.

$25.95 (includes postage & handling) ................................................................CODE 129

Little Red Roofi ng BookRoof cuts and rafter lengths – Hancock’s 10th edition is a very popular, best selling book. With calculations, diagrams and tables it will help you with plumb and side cuts for hip and rafter, down and side purlin cuts and more. Calculations for roof frames, roof cuts and rafter lengths. This 88-page pocket size edition is in metric, updating all the old calculations, and it is a very easy-to-use roofi ng guide which you can use with complete confi dence. This book will earn its keep.

SEE ORDER FORM ON PAGE 90 OR PHONE 1800 623 214 ORDER ONLINE @ WWW.TRADESTUFF.COM.AU

OUR BEST

SELLER

TRADE STUFF FILLER BUILDING 1_3 H_RED ROOFING BOOK.indd 1 8/12/2017 11:46:41 AM

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 4 3

of approval processes, and other factors. some of these complaints are very serious, particularly in the case of the fire in the Lacrosse building in Melbourne’s Docklands which was a narrowly avoided tragedy. As the prevalence of serious issues increases, it becomes clearer that this is a symptom of a systemic problem requiring a whole of system solution.

thE aIbS approach – what haVE wE proDucEDThe Board of AIBs has drawn upon the resources it had available to it within the organisation to develop a database of typical elements of regulatory systems in Australia and then grouped them according to importance. Those elements that are fundamental to the essential operation of a system of ensuring consumers and the public are protected through the process of design, construction, occupation and ongoing management of buildings have become the core of the building regulatory policy adopted by the Board.

This process was not so much about reinventing the wheel as it was about placing the things we know work well into a framework that supports the proper operation of those elements. The framework also ensures that the inter-relationships between the elements are clearer so that it is far easier to

understand why certain elements exist.This in turn supports attainment of

an understanding of the roles of each participant in the process including building surveyors. The policy includes a foreword which describes the role of the building surveyor in the context of the legislative landscape, helping to make it clearer why the legislation must be in place as well as mitigating the existing confusion about what they are responsible for.

The approach consists of a building regulatory policy which includes concepts of: ∫ A single or identical in common

legislative approach; ∫ Governance priority though allocation

of a distinct portfolio to a Minister; ∫ A national body responsible for

technical data on all building products with testing of all products for compliance with Australian standards and results made available publicly;

∫ Centralised electronic data system facilitating, amongst other things, ready reference to technical information including verification of particulars of how products approved for use in Australia should be utilised, understanding of site history, tracking of what is approved and suitable for occupation, identification of registered professionals and licensed practitioners;

∫ A nationally consistent approach to the accreditation and registration of professionals and the licensing of other practitioners in the building and construction industry;

∫ Onsite random audit inspections of the work of all registered professionals and licensed practitioners;

∫ Mandatory inspections by registered building surveyors who are required to inspect building work to ensure building work is compliant; and,

∫ Mandatory insurance for all registered building professionals and licensed practitioners.

A laissez-faire approach to building controls will generally deliver terrible results from the community’s point of view.

At the other end of the regulatory spectrum, if it were to be possible to have independent oversight of every single thing that happens through the design, construction, occupation and use of a building, the outcome would be as near perfect as possible however the cost of this would be far too great.

A balance needs to be found. We believe that the AIBs Policy on Building regulatory reform in Australia has the balance about right.

aiBs www.aibs.com.au

$25.95 (includes postage & handling) ................................................................CODE 129

Little Red Roofi ng BookRoof cuts and rafter lengths – Hancock’s 10th edition is a very popular, best selling book. With calculations, diagrams and tables it will help you with plumb and side cuts for hip and rafter, down and side purlin cuts and more. Calculations for roof frames, roof cuts and rafter lengths. This 88-page pocket size edition is in metric, updating all the old calculations, and it is a very easy-to-use roofi ng guide which you can use with complete confi dence. This book will earn its keep.

SEE ORDER FORM ON PAGE 90 OR PHONE 1800 623 214 ORDER ONLINE @ WWW.TRADESTUFF.COM.AU

OUR BEST

SELLER

TRADE STUFF FILLER BUILDING 1_3 H_RED ROOFING BOOK.indd 1 8/12/2017 11:46:41 AM

4 4 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

a rISINg trEND

T he idea of universal design has been around for years and its principles have been

implemented around the world to create buildings that are inherently accessible to all people regardless of age, capability or background.

Australia’s ageing population first sparked interest in this concept but since the rollout of the National Disability Insurance scheme (NDIs), there has been increased interest in the idea. This is because the NDIs reduces the perceived financial burden of integrating universal design principles

into construction and has highlighted the potential business opportunities in the accessibility space.

According to the Australian Bureau of statistics (ABs), approximately 20% of Australians have a long-term disability, which means there is a huge market for accessible homes in Australia. With the rollout of the National Disability Insurance scheme (NDIs) around the country, new technologies are receiving funding to help achieve equal access, making it easier for building contractors to integrate accessibility into the design of buildings and tap into this new market.

One of the new technologies funded under the NDIs is residential wheelchair lifts, which were once considered an expensive luxury but are now becoming more affordable and widespread.

Under the NDIs, funding is provided for home modifications that change a building’s structure, fixture or fittings to enable people with a disability to live safely and as independently as possible. This includes home elevators, which are considered an investment funding for capital costs under the home modification category.

While Australian Premises standards have improved accessibility in public spaces, there has previously been little funding set aside for people to make their own homes more accessible outside of ramps, rails and widened doorways.

Now, with the rollout of the NDIs it has become easier for home owners to tailor accessibility to individual needs and made home lifts a more affordable modification option.

The rollout of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is well and truly under way around Australia, which has opened up the need for innovations in the residential sector to help with disability access. Adelle King looks at why elevators could find a place in your next job.

Above: Next Level Elevator’s through-floor elevators feature two parallel and vertical guides that bear the load of the lift to create a self supporting structure.

NDIs

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 4 5

“since the announcement of the NDIs, we’ve had more people enquiring about home elevators for disability access. It’s yet to really catch fire because the NDIs has only just began its rollout but we can see this becoming quite a big market,” says Next Level Elevators managing director Daniel Mawson.

Next Level Elevators is an Australian company that designs, manufactures and imports a range of accessibility lifts that blend quality, safety and affordability. It is also a registered NDIs provider.

“We work with the customer to develop construction solutions and create a partnership designed specifically to meet their accessibility requirements,” says Daniel.

There are a handful of legitimate residential lift companies on the market but according to Daniel, what sets Next Level Lifts apart is the company’s innovative, space saving electric lifts, some of which do not require lift shafts.

“Electric lifts are more economical than hydraulic elevators, which most of the home lift industry supply, and hydraulic lifts have pumps, oil, oil seals or hydraulic lines that will need replacing. Our lifts have less consumable parts, which makes them very service friendly,” says Daniel.

“What we’ve been able to do is design electric lifts that are basically being sold at the same price as the hydraulic market, as well as our Compact electric lifts that do not even require a lift shaft.”

The Compact home Lift has one of the smallest wheelchair footprints on the market at 1.44m2 and features two parallel and vertical guides that bear the load of the lift to create a self supporting structure. This eliminates the need for load bearing walls and an elevator shaft.

since these lifts do not require elevator shafts, the installation process is simplified and can be completed in two to three days. Next Level Lift elevators can go virtually anywhere and Daniel says the company is yet to find a home that it cannot fit on.

“The Compact and Ascent home Lifts are designed specifically for the home lift market rather than as an

afterthought of old technology. They’re products that have only been around for the past few years and we’re hoping they will really change the industry,” says Daniel.

“Our fully Automatic Ascent lift runs on very similar technology to the Compact lift but needs a lift shaft. This is only a timber framed shaft though so the customer saves thousands of dollars compared with other companies. Again, this has one of the smallest footprints on the market at 1.2m x 1.4m for a wheelchair lift capable of carrying up to 250kg, and it can be virtually retro-

fitted anywhere into an existing home.”As the NDIs continues to expand its

reach, it’s likely that similar innovations that receive funding in the residential sector will change how the building industry operates.

“It’s not every day you get to be involved with products that affect people’s lives in a positive way so it’s something to be excited about,” says Daniel.

The Ascent Lift, which needs a timber-framed lift shaft, has been designed and built in Australia specifically for the home lift market.

next level elevatorswww.nextlevelelevators.com.au

4 6 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

brINgINg agIlIty to StaNDarDS DEVElopmENt

thE ‘INNoVatIoN INcubator’ aND buIlDINg commISSIoNINgstandards Australia has recently launched a new Innovation Incubator, a key organisational initiative to bring the agility, thinking, processes and project methodologies of a start up to standards development.

As an early initiative, the Incubator is exploring smart solutions for issues connected to Building Commissioning in Australia.

Innovation Incubator program manager Ed McGuire explains the opportunity that lies ahead:

“The Innovation Incubator is all about exploring new ideas and approaches. A key methodology that we will employ is design thinking.

“Design thinking workshops are a fantastic way to get inside a problem from an end user’s perspective and work backwards towards a solution. We will be facilitating a workshop for building commissioning through which users will have the opportunity to hack a number of different solutions, which may or may not include a standard as an outcome.

“It really depends on what people in the industry see as having the best likelihood of achieving a positive outcome. It could be a set of educational videos or a handbook or we could land on a standard as the solution. We are really excited to see what ideas the group will come up with and which path they will take,” says Ed.

The Incubator encourages further submissions and ideas from stakeholders for trialling new ways of developing standards and delivering content.

If you have an idea that you believe should go through our Incubator program, please contact us by email at incubator@standards.org.au.

StrEamlININg thE DEVElopmENt procESSas 5181, Use and installation of turf as an erosion, nutrient and sediment control measure

standards Australia is also committed to a quicker standards development process, and the recent publication of As 5181, Use and installation of turf as an erosion, nutrient and sediment control measure, is a good example of improved efficiencies.

As 5181 is a new Australian standard that addresses recent research by the government and hort Innovation. The standard is based on the findings confirming turf as an effective erosion, nutrient and sediment control measure.

The objective of this standard is to provide requirements for the

use and installation of turf as an erosion, nutrient and sediment control measure. It also includes guidance on the selection and disposal of turf species.

A brand new expert committee, BD-107, Turf, was formed to develop As 5181. Chair of BD-107, Graeme Drake, noted that the standards development process took less than twelve months—a speedy time frame for an emerging area of work with a new committee.

The success of As 5181 can largely be attributed to the experienced drafting leadership behind the standard, but the clearly defined scope of the project was also a key factor.

Graeme thanked the committee for their perseverance and explained the importance of As 5181 for the Australian community.

“This comprehensive standard is based on best industry practices and recognised research independently funded by hort Innovation. Every member of the

standards committee BD-107 worked diligently towards achieving consensus.

“Using natural turf as an erosion and sediment control measure will bring a number of social and environmental benefits in built environments,” explains Graeme.

Standards Australia, its partners and contributors have long played a key role in Australia’s building and construction sector. The industry relies on a robust set of codes and standards, and this will not change any time soon. What will change, however, is the way we develop standards to better meet the needs of the end user.

This comprehensive

Standard is based on best

industry practices and recognised

research.

© 3M 2017. All rights reserved. Please recycle. 3M and Aura are trademarks of 3M Company.

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Based on this original design, the 3M™ Aura™ Respirator series is the next evolution in respirators and is the result of 3M’s continuous drive to improve comfort.

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4 8 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

To grade or noT To grade?

W hile not likely to be a dinner party conversation topic, the question of graded floor

wastes has been occupying the minds of some NCC users. So earlier this year at a joint meeting of the ABCB’s Building Codes Committee and Plumbing Code Committee considered it.

When are floor WasTes required?Floor wastes are only required by the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions of the NCC1 in prescribed situations: ∫ In a shower area, as part of the

AS 3740 wet area waterproofing requirements (Volume One F1.7 & Volume Two 3.8.1.2).

∫ In a room containing a urinal (Volume One F1.7 & AS 3500.2 through Volume Three Part C2).

∫ In a Class 2, 3 or Class 4 part of a building, where a bathroom or laundry is located above a sole occupancy unit or public space (Volume One F1.11).

In the above situations, the floor is required by the NCC to be graded to the floor waste to prevent water overflow from penetrating to other occupancies or public spaces in the same building.

A floor waste will also form part of a floor waste gully in circumstances where that gully may be required by the PCA Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions (AS 3500.2 through Volume Three Part C2). As the purpose of providing a floor waste gully in these circumstances is to ensure the proper functioning of the sanitary drainage system rather than preventing overflow from penetrating other occupancies or

spaces, the floor is not required by the NCC to be graded to these floor wastes.

floor WasTes noT required by The nCCFloor wastes may also be installed even though they are not required by the NCC,

for example, outside the shower area in a residential bathroom. As there is no requirement in the NCC to control overflows in these circumstances, it follows that there is also no requirement

in the NCC to drain the floor to these floor wastes.

Of course, even though the NCC may not require floors to be graded to some floor wastes, there is nothing that prevents this being done if desired, but in those circumstances it should be understood it is not a regulated requirement under the NCC.

Have you ever wondered whether the floor surrounding a floor waste is required by the NCC to be graded to that floor waste in all circumstances?

Floor wastes may also be installed

even though they are not required

by the NCC.

Footnote[1] The national BCA provisions for waterproofing of wet areas are subject to variation in South Australia by virtue of SA 3 (Volume Two) and SA F1.11 (Volume One).

Australian Building Codes Board www.abcb.gov.au

5 0 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

a Day oN thE tIlES

T he next evolution in solar panel technology has arrived with the introduction of the Monier

roofing InlinesOLAr tiles developed in partnership with Bradford solar.

The InlinesOLAr range of solar panels is designed to be recessed into the roofline, rather than the conventional panel technique that has been the norm for many years.

Buoyed by renewed interest in the solar panel industry as a result of energy insecurity and the arrival of cost-effective battery storage, the Monier InlinesOLAr and the existing sOLArtile products are satisfying the new home build market where aesthetics are part of the buying decision.

The sOLArtile product has been available for more than four years and is aimed at the premium home builder market, while the newer InlinesOLAr offering provides a more cost effective solution for those who still want a great looking roof.

The key difference from a roofing contractor’s point of view is the way InlinesOLAr panels are installed. standard systems require a mounting framework that is connected to the upper side of the roof tile with the

wiring systems running between. For the InlinesOLAr system the panels are installed into a recessed mounting system that is mounted onto the roof batten as the roofing tiles are installed. Wiring is therefore integrated into the roof space - connection and commissioning by an electrician remains the same.

“The feedback we have had from builders and home owners is that they are interested in solar, but find the standard panels unsightly,” says Monier

The next evolution of solar energy is underway with advanced battery storage options. Deborah Andrich looks at how this has led to the development of solar panels disguised as roof tiles.

tablE 1: comparISoN of Solar paNEl tIlES. SourcE moNIEr roofINg

stanDarD panel

inlinesolar stanDarD panel

inlinesolar elite panel

solartile

Max poWer 270W 270W 320W 32W

panel siZe 1.6m2 1.6m2 1.7m2 0.3m2

tiles per KW 4 4 3 30

Weight 18kg 18kg 18kg 9kg

cell eFFiciency 16.% 16.8% 18.3% 170.3%

Above: The standard form of solar panel sits above the roof line while the Monier InlineSOLAR and SOLARtile are designed to sit flush and are mounted directly onto the roof battens.

sOLAr TILEs

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 5 1

roofing product manager Meena somi. “The InlinesOLAr system is installed

as the roof goes on. The roofing contractor installs the majority of the roofing tiles leaving a portion of the roof space for the solar tiles. The electrician installs the wiring and the solar panels and the roof is finalised, inspected and signed off by a qualified roofer. This ensures there is less risk of roof leaks and damage, with full warranty on the roof and solar system.”

Another advantage of the InlinesOLAr is it that sits flush with the roofline reducing exposure to wind pressure and the build-up of debris. Certified to meet Australian standards, it is rated for hail and durability.

sOLArtiles are compatible with the Monier roofing product suite of flat concrete and terracotta tiles, the InlinesOLAr is compatible with all forms of Monier tiles. The system can be retrofitted onto an existing roof with Monier roofing tiles, but greater efficiencies can be realised when installed as a part of a new roof. By incorporating it into the roofing process at the build stage, additional costs such as scaffold for a roofing contractor to return can be incorporated into the standard building costs.

The InlinesOLAr standard tile is a black-framed solar panel from Canadian solar. The elite panel offering is the Neon2 All Black panel from LG which generates 320W per panel compared to the industry average of 270W.

The other game-changer for the industry is the arrival of better battery storage for solar systems. For many years the solar market had softened due to several major influences – the inability to store energy for when it is most needed (that is, when the sun goes down); the reduced feed-in tariffs to energy providers and the poor power output per square metre of panel.

Bradford solar, another division of Csr, has partnered with Tesla to provide the PowerWall2 battery storage system as part of the overall solar package available with Monier roofing.

In the past, batteries have been large, cumbersome, costly and inefficient, but the introduction of the Tesla PowerWall2 battery has challenged

other batteries with a payback period for many systems to be in the order of three to five years for a 3-5kW system.

The Tesla PowerWall2 is supplied with an internal inverter with a rechargeable lithium ion battery that utilises liquid thermal control. It has the capacity to provide 13kWh and operate at 7kW at its peak or 5kW in continuous use.

For the consumer it is no bigger than a boogie board and can be wall mounted, allowing it to be unobtrusive. should the home owner’s power needs increase, the PowerWall is stackable to provide additional battery storage.

“The resurgence of interest in solar systems is based on consumers being

able to store electricity generated into a battery for use when the sun goes down,” says Csr Bradford business manager - energy Ashleigh O’Brien.

“Energy insecurity and pricing means that many people may sacrifice turning on the air conditioning system in the heat of the day because it is too expensive to run. With a standard size solar and battery system, consumers can live comfortably in their homes all year round without worrying about cost.”

Many houses are now designed with multi-pitched roofs, says Meena, meaning that the available roof space for larger, standard solar panels is limited. Using the smaller sOLArtiles gives the flexibility to use several smaller footprint panels on several of the rooflines to give the same kilowatt capacity.

“A roof top is a wasted space and eventually every roof top will have some form of solar capacity,” concludes Ashleigh.

“Batteries like the Tesla PowerWall2 need not be hidden away; they can be part of the home’s aesthetics. The same is true of the solar panel – it no longer has to sit above the roofline and consequently the home. The new technologies like the InlinesOLAr and sOLArtile give cost-effective energy solutions that are part of the overall home design.”

The InlineSOLAR panels are installed directly to the roof battens.

The introduction of the Tesla PowerWall2 has renewed interest in solar energy with its lower pay back time and greater storage capacity.

5 2 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

fab wIrINg for buIlDINg EffIcIENcy

T he uptake of prefabrication in the construction industry continues to gain traction in the

Australian market.In essence the concept of a

prefabricated building is to streamline construction processes from onsite labour intensive models to offsite manufacturing. Components for the building – individual apartments, flooring cassettes, wall sections – are factory built and transported to site for installation.

The key benefits of such an approach are to decrease construction time, lower wastage and therefore costs, and increase efficiencies for the overall build. The principles are similar to the automotive industry in that designs are done at the drawing board level, tested in a concept model and materials are specified to an accepted percentage level. When it is all fully approved the design is locked in and manufacturing commences.

Lifestyle programs such as Grand Designs and The Block use prefabrication concepts extensively for wall components and flooring. One of the best known fabricated components of a residential build is probably the roof truss – characteristic timber or steel triangles arriving on the back of a truck. Bathroom pods are also common elements of a prefabricated building. Now, the wiring can be pre-fabricated.

simon Waldren is managing director of Apex Wiring solutions, which specialises in pre-terminated power cables.

“Ordinarily, electricians have to roll out a drum of cable, cut it, strip it back and terminate it at junction boxes as well as at the wiring accessories,” simon says.

“By doing all of this offsite, there is reduced waste. We already know what the cable lengths need to be because it has been measured, designed and agreed to by the design team for the project.”

Prefabrication can be used on single dwellings through to multi-storey developments and infrastructure buildings

such as hospitals but really comes into its own in the commercial/retail/residential sectors for its rapid build times. however, the full benefits are realised in larger commercial projects where repeatable prefabricated elements are used for example, hotel rooms or hospital wards.

Modular wiring uses the same principles as the automotive wiring harness in that it is designed and planned, measured and plotted onto an overlay of the electrical circuitry to achieve point-to-point systems. Wiring is incorporated into wall and ceiling modules and completed from room to

room. It is a ‘plug and play’ solution.In one Lend Lease project, the

sunshine Coast University hospital in Queensland, prefabrication resulted in substantial reductions in build time. More than 28,000 light fittings and 4,700 emergency and exit lights were installed. In addition, there were 700 CCTv cameras and 800 duress buttons for security and patient safety, many of which would have been pre-wired in the modular system.

Apex was involved in the design phase in the four-year lead-up to the first sod being turned.

The automotive industry has been using the concept of wire harnesses for years, now it is available for a building’s electrical system. Deborah Andrich explores how it is done.

PrEFAB WIrING

With a prefabricated wiring system, the installation of light fittings is much quicker and simpler onsite.

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 5 3

“We provided power, lighting and switching to the wards and offices throughout the building in a modular wiring system,” simon says.

“We provided a home-run solution which is a multi-pole, six-circuit pre-wired system from the distribution board, which then goes to the service corridors to serve the field wiring.

“The next stage is pre-terminated cable, which leads from the home run board to the power and lighting connections and the accessories in rooms and corridors – such as the services panels in each ward.

“Each wall drop or light fitting is a pre-terminated lead from a T-point. As you move along the serial circuit, each light fitting or power point has a pre-terminated lead to a pre-determined length.”

Apex has developed a proprietary connector in conjunction with TE Connectivity (a Tyco company) to facilitate the plug and play connectivity. The 3-pin configuration provides basic two core and earth; 4-pin allows for emergency lighting and switching and 5-pin allows for lighting controls to be installed.

The connector is based on a six point crimp design to maximise connectivity, reduce voltage resistance and minimise hotspots or resistance dips in the circuit. To increase safety in the plug and play connectors, the earth pins are longer than the live and neutral. The earth is the first and last point of contact when the connectors are clicked together.

“The design of the connector is such that it ‘clicks’ together,” says simon.

“If it doesn’t click together properly then you don’t have a circuit. From a testing point of view, it makes it very easy onsite to determine if the circuit is functioning.

“Every single product we make is factory quality tested to As61535:2011 before being sent to the site. We package it so that it is well protected, by zone, floor or room.”

Training in onsite connection is provided to ensure users are fully conversant with the system.

If there is an issue and something does get broken, the damage will be

obvious or the connector won’t click together. Once installed, the circuit is fully tested.

Apex’s pre-terminated cabling is primarily available in 240v single phase.

“We do have extra low voltage and three-phase solutions, but they are not widely used in Australia. In a typical residential floor plan there may only be one circuit that is three phase and extra low voltage is just being introduced.

“Builders, developers and consultants generally like these systems because they provide standard repeatable blocks with a generic circuit overlay that provides the basics for every module.

“This makes it cost effective for high-rise commercial buildings, student accommodation, hotels and aged care.

“To maximise the benefits, it is important that modular wiring design is brought into the conversation early on. Prefabrication is really a manufacturing process not a construction site method, so the design process is key.”

Early indications are that the sunshine Coast University hospital has realised the time savings forecast by the Lend Lease team and Apex. Labour efficiency achieved was more than 60% greater than that for conventional construction methods. In the two years since installation there have been no defect reports.

“The first thing electrical contractors look at is cost,” simon says.

“Our products are more expensive than conventional wiring methods, because they are engineered. But when you take into account the savings that can be achieved on labour and other areas, you can at least get a cost-neutral result.

“however, a 10-20% cost benefit is quite realistic.”

Distribution boards are connected with pre-terminated cables.

A wire harness for electrical systems in a wall component is manufactured offsite for ready installation.

5 4 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

death dust targeting lungs

L ung diseases from asbestos fibres have been well reported for many years and resulted in the product being phased out in 1989 and a complete ban in

2003. One major supplier of asbestos products is still paying compensation claims as recently as May this year and will be long into the future.

Another dust-borne lung disease, ‘black lung’ or coal miners’ pneumoconiosis has come to the fore for Queensland miners who have had long exposure to coal dust. Other sources of black lung disease can be from manufacturing graphite and man-made carbon-based products.

A recent NSW parliamentary inquiry into dust diseases has revealed an unsettling resurgence of silicosis – a lung disease caused by exposure to crystalline silica. For the building industry, a source of crystalline silica is manufactured stone, such as those used for kitchen and bathroom benchtops.

What is of major concern to the medical profession is that this disease, last seen with any prevalence in the 1940s and 1950s, has become prevalent once more in the past five years.

A SafeWork Australia survey conducted between 2011 and 2013 of construction workers exposed to carcinogens (cancer causing substances), revealed that after solar UV radiation and tobacco smoke, probable exposure to crystalline silica was the third biggest risk, coming in at 38%. In the main, the primary

tasks associated with crystalline silica were identified as mixing concrete or cement. The survey report makes no mention of manufactured stone products as a source of crystalline silica.

Most manufactured stone is a composite of more than 90% crushed quartz (the source of the silica) bonded with a polyester resin. Cutting, sanding and shaping the stone creates clouds of fine dust, which if inhaled, can lead to silicosis.

The use of the product has taken an upswing in recent years with the trend for modern kitchens to have stone benchtops. Using natural stones such as granite have limited colour options, can be porous and if join seams are needed, trickier to seal, hence the preference for many to use manufactured stone for its durability.

What is silicosis?Breathing in silica dust can cause inflammation of the lungs, which results in scarring and calcification, eventually leading to reduced lung capacity. It usually becomes evident after prolonged exposure to respirable crystalline silica (the dust particles). Early symptoms include shortness of breath, a dry cough and a general feeling of being unwell. As the disease progresses, the symptoms become worse. There are no effective cures for the disease and treatment is mostly

Disease from the fibres of asbestos are well reported in the building game, but another material is bringing silicosis back into the dust disease fold, writes Deborah Andrich.

SILICOSIS

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 5 5

aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing infections such as tuberculosis.

According to data collected by icare Dust Diseases Care an average of nine cases of silicosis each year has been officially reported under the NSW Dust Diseases Scheme since 2011/2012. It should be noted that the figures are limited to those who have applied for compensation under the scheme.

Given that the time frame from exposure to diagnosis can be many years, detecting an increase in the disease can take time.

The Medical Journal of Australia recently published an article headed up by Dr Anthony Johnson discussing cases of silicosis in Sydney hospitals.

“In almost all reported cases, there was little adherence to basic protection measures, such as provision of appropriate ventilation systems and use of personal protective equipment,” the report says.

“Our case reaffirms the need for vigorous enforcement of dust reduction regulations, particularly in the growing industry of engineered stone products. Benchtop stonemasonry is a potentially dangerous occupation, and medical practitioners should have a heightened awareness of this newly described occupational hazard,” says Dr Johnson.

MiniMise the riskIn a statement from SafeWork NSW spokesperson, repeated and prolonged exposure to respirable crystalline silica can cause permanent injury and lead to serious lung disease such as silicosis.

“Exposure to potentially harmful levels of crystalline silica is typically a hazard for workers in specific occupations. These include mining, quarrying, foundries, abrasive blasting, construction and demolition, as well as the manufacture of stone, clay and glass products,” says the spokesperson.

“Within the workplace, exposure can be reduced by changes in work practices, engineering controls to achieve dust containment and suppression, and the use of suitable personal protection equipment.”

Recommendations from SafeWork NSW on how to eliminate or minimise exposure at the time included sprays to dampen dust, appropriate ventilation and RPE (respiratory protective equipment) are:

Water suppression ∫ Water suppression techniques enable damping down of

dust at the source of emission. Water is directed onto a tool cutting point via the covering shroud or hood. Water flow is controlled, allowing management of the water volume supplied in line with manufacturer’s instructions. In stone masonry, stone is pre-soaked to minimise dust creation and apply running water to the process via on-tool suppression to further reduce exposures.

Dust extraction - Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) ∫ If it is a dry manufacturing process, enclose dusty work in a

down draught or cross draught booth so that the dust laden air is drawn away from the work area.

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5 6 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

∫ Use ’on-tool’ LEV with power tools such as grinders. A vacuum source is attached to the shroud to remove dust generated by the grinder at the source of emission.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ∫ Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) may be required if

engineering controls do not effectively reduce or capture the dust. Wearers must be face fit tested to ensure the RPE affords each individual the anticipated level of protection. Remember that filtering face-piece or half-mask respirators give little or no protection to men with beards and that even a minor growth of stubble can severely reduce the effectiveness of RPE.

Water suppression and LEV systems may not eliminate all silica dust. Residual dust concentrations are variable and unpredictable, so respiratory protective equipment (RPE) may be necessary. Do not use compressed air hosing or sweep areas where slurry from wet processes has dried as this will generate dust. Using a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) vacuum cleaner is also recommended.

Air monitoring for workers’ exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) may be done to check if workers are exposed to dust levels above the Australian Workplace Exposure Standards. This will also enable the workplace to check if their dust controls are effective.

If workers are at significant risk of exposure to RCS, health monitoring must be undertaken regularly for early detection of disease. It must be done under the supervision of an appropriate medical doctor and includes lung function tests and chest x-rays.

Information, training, instruction and supervision This must be provided not only to workers but to other persons at the workplace such as visitors. It must be provided in such a way that it is easily understood. The amount of detail and extent of training will depend on the nature of the hazards and the complexity of the work procedures and control measures required to minimise the risks.

Information, training and instruction should include the following: ∫ the nature of the hazardous chemicals involved and the

risks to the worker. ∫ the control measures implemented, how to use and

maintain them correctly. ∫ regularly check that control measures continue to be effective. ∫ the arrangements in place to deal with emergencies,

including evacuation procedures, containing and cleaning up spills and first aid instructions.

∫ the selection, use, maintenance and storage of any PPE required to control risks and the limitations of the PPE.

∫ any health monitoring which may be required and the worker’s rights and obligations.

∫ the labelling of containers of hazardous chemicals, the information that each part of the label provides and why the information is being provided.

∫ the availability of SDS for all hazardous chemicals, how to access the SDS, and the information that each part of the SDS provides.

∫ the work practices and procedures to be followed in the use, handling, processing, storage, transportation, cleaning up and disposal of hazardous chemicals.

∫ facilities for washing and changing should be available on site and workers should wash their hands before eating, drinking, smoking and going to the toilet. Eating, drinking and smoking should take place away from the work area.

Records of training provided to workers should be kept, documenting who was trained, when and on what.

seeking supportThe state government work health and safety and workers compensation regulators of New South Wales and Queensland give extensive information on health and safety risks of exposure and workers compensation and support for those diagnosed with silicosis. Other states and territories don’t single out silicosis, but do give information on asbestosis which is a good starting point.

The icare Dust Diseases Care program provides a mobile respiratory testing service to visit the workplace. The examination consists of a lung function test by a respiratory scientist, a medical examination by a doctor and if required, an x-ray report by a radiologist. The results are returned to iCare Dust Diseases Care to be analysed by a respiratory physician. A report is provided to the worker and the employer notified if any workplace injury is identified. Employers in NSW must notify the work health and safety regulator.

Once the diagnosis is confirmed, workers can access compensation under the Dust Diseases Care scheme if they were exposed to hazardous dust while working in NSW.

For workers in other states and territories, starting with the local work cover provider is the best starting point to see if a claim for compensation can be lodged.

SILICOSIS

iCare Dust Diseases Care offers a lung screen service via a mobile respiratory testing service across NSW to give early detection of dust-borne diseases such as silicosis.

Surf Coast

Surf Coast

(Z600) Use beyond 10km from coastline >10km +R2

(SS304L) Use beyond 1km from coastline > 1-10kmR3

(SS316L) Use when building up to the coastline 0 - 1kmR4

Sheltered Coast

(Z600) Use beyond 1km from coastline >1km +R2

(SS304L) Use beyond 100m from coastline > 100m - 1kmR3

(SS316L) Use when building up to the coastline 0 - 100mR4

Durability Exposure Map for Masonry Tie Selection

The Durability Exposure Map represents an indication of corrosion zones within a costal environment. As a general rule the closer the dwelling is located to the sea the more corrosive the environment and the greater the level of corrosion resistance, masonry anchors need to provide.

Abey’s Corrosion Resistant Masonry TiesConstruction within coastal area should incorporate corrosion

resistant stainless steel ties for maximum effectiveness, in

order to avoid hidden damage to brick walls. Abey designers

were the first to produce a range of products in stainless steel. Abey

ties are Australian Made, they are a lighter, stronger, better lasting

and competitively priced stainless steel product that meets the

current building standards.

Buying Aussie MadeBuying Aussie Made products supports the manufacturing sector and Australian jobs. It also controls product quality and the longevity and structural integrity of constructed dwellings. Australian manufacturers are held accountable, governed by strict laws and building codes, unlike imported products. They neither support the industries they sell to nor employ Australians. Most importantly, some of the products brought into our country do not conform to our building laws, are of dubious quality, and can have unsafe, long-term effects on construction projects, without retribution to the original manufacturer. LEADERS IN INNOVATION

Abey’s steel ties cover durability exposure classification R2, R3 and R4. Grade 304L stainless steel ties cover R3. 316L stainless steel ties cover R4. Other corrosive environments such as alpine or heavy industrial areas should also be considered as R4 environments. Abey recommend SS316L Marine Grade Brick Ties in high corrosion zone areas.

Durability Classification for Masonry Strip Steel Wall Ties

Durability Class Material Surf Coast Sheltered Coast

R2 GalZ600 > 10km > 1km

R3 SS304L 1km to 10km 100m to 1km

R4 SS316L 0m to 1km 0m to 100m

abeytrade.com.au

Abey Australia Ltd | VIC 03 9747 7777 | NSW 02 8572 8500 | QLD 07 3369 4777 | SA, WA, TAS 1800 809 143

5 8 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

thE gooD aND baD of 2017

I think ths future is becoming clearer. Progress is being made. But not by politicians and insurers

who have never been on a building site and know nothing about what we do. Progress is being made by thinkers and scientists who research and talk to us. And the rare bureaucrats who dare to defy old, obsolete processes.

gooD NEwS ‘SurrouNDS’ uSso how did 2017 go? Pretty well when you look at the number and beauty of the apartments and homes being built across the country. Design is improving. streetscapes, riversides and transport hubs are filled with attractive, different and architect-designed homes. Green square, West End are inspirations for multi dwelling living close to the CBD.

Quality of building is generally improving. Builders realise that a mistake affects their reputation and often costs 50 times the price of

getting it right in the first place. They resent and do not want home warranty insurance. Most serious builders are seeking independent assessment of their work prior to handover. And the trades willingly come back if they are respected and things they missed are bought to their attention when they are still on site.

what IS thE baD NEwS?I see two major problems. Both issues relate to product quality. Firstly, builders and tradespeople are ultimately responsible for any fault in a product they use. And secondly, politicians are quick to legislate when people are killed or a building fault gets saturation coverage in the media.

so why are we ‘taking the wrap’ for a product fault? how often do we have trouble with the moisture content of tongue and groove flooring? Or a coating or finish on a external light fitting fails? Or a metal cladding burns? Or an external door swells? Or a paver is

salt affected?I can hear

manufacturers saying ‘of course, we stand by our products’. Well, tell that to the electrician who has to remove a driveway light, take it back to his wholesaler and then reinstall it. Or the tiler who

had to replace cracked glazed tiles. Or the carpenter who wastes four hours getting the supplier to replace a water damaged door and still has to repaint the new door at his cost. he who makes

Building consultant and author Jerry Tyrell saw plenty of good improvements in the industry throughout 2017, but there is always room for more.

He who makes the faulty product

should always be held responsible.

CPD ACADEMy

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 5 9

You all know how I despise confusion and words. And I have been speaking up about how awful it is to understand what an Australian Standard says. Things are changing. Standards Australia is now looking closely at what we need. I’ve insisted that we want accessible best practice - sort of like illustrated wisdom that shows us how to build without the usual mistakes.

I suspect that management at Standards gets this. And what’s more, this vision is ‘infectious’. And will it help ‘vaccinate’ Australia against billions of dollars of costly annual mistakes, disputes and post completion remedial work.

However, this is not a simple project. There is a lot of unintentional confusion. The good people who created the 85 Standards in the NCC want us to get the vital information their documents contain. But poorly written text and inaccurate and often wrong diagrams stop Australia from accessing their wisdom.

I am really hoping that Standards become something we all use on iPads and smartphones - illustrations that are clear to everyone. I think this is possible and I believe that Standards Australia is working hard to achieve it.

the faulty product should always be held responsible.

Politicians and industry leaders have caused the second problem. My dad warned me not to ‘act in haste, repent at leisure’. Do we need to cause an injury, death or insurance claim before anyone steps up and tries to do anything? Too often the politicians over-react to get media attention and waste Australia’s dwindling wealth. The recent fires due to combustible cladding are a classic example. Politicians jump on a story that they could have prevented with universal ‘fit for purpose’ legislation – not fragmented ‘knee jerk’ laws.

Every material we use should have a minimum, tested and certified quality that the manufacturer and supplier must guarantee. And if they don’t, we should not use the product.

2018hG Wells talked about the future in 1984. so here is my wish list for 2018.

Building is science, not ‘science fiction’. 99% of contractors and designers I know want to build well. Too often, buildings contain work or a feature that is not best practice – like using a 50mm handrail a child or your grandmother can’t grip. A 40mm

round handrail should be the maximum diameter we use – see photo. Every day we want to use what wise designers specify and builders use. This is the practical ‘science’ we want to apply in 2018.

Opposite: Performance Solutions for a water barrier. Above: Handrails should be a maximum of 40mm.

Now aND tomorrow

2017 proBleM 2018 solUtion What We can Do

Manufacturers are not responsible for the full cost of product failures

NCC should clarify the approval process for all products we use. This means every product comes with clear Certification of it’s quality and where and how it can be used.

Our industry should only use a product that has a 100% replacement warranty from the manufacturer. And this warranty includes all make good costs.

There is no way to capture feedback when a product fails. A building fire or fatality gets media attention. But if a stone tile stains or merbau rots, we never find out until we are unfortunate enough to use the same product.

Let’s set up a Register of Building Faults and Failures with a notification process so all tradesmen and designers are warned about products that are causing call backs and post completion complaints.

Ask your associations, suppliers, and insurers to support creation of a national, centralised body that emails failure alerts to all.

No universal index of definitions and terms. The NCC uses different Standards do not the same definition in different Standards

Set up a single, online Index of Building Terms based upon Standards Australia’s Glossary of Building Terms and the NCC’s Definitions.

Use the right term for everything you do. Tell your apprentices to use the right name. A split pin hinge, is different to a non-mortise hinge. A dry press brick is different to an extruded brick.

Words, words and more words.

Standards Australia is working on this. I think something very good will grow from their hard work next year.

Don’t use or buy a Standard ‘unless it talks to you’ in your language.

pErformaNcE SolutIoNS arE thE aNSwEr

The Australian Building Codes Board is promoting Performance Solutions (these used to be called Alternative Solutions). Performance Solutions are sensible ways to build as well as or better than the Deemed to Satisfy (DTS) rules set out in the National Construction Code (NCC).

For instance, you might decide that lower ceilings in an attic work well. Or you want to eliminate steps at the front door but have to achieve a satisfactory termite barrier and keep surface water out – see photo.

The process to get a Performance Solution approved is tough. The ABCB is trying to give us access to solutions that have been approved. But it needs to be easier. We need a quick way to reject bad rules such as the current tactile indicators because they are trip hazards, or avoid having to build endless, shallow ramps for building that are unlikely to have a wheelchair user.

see Development of performance solutions on the aBcB website.

StaNDarDS that SEt thE StaNDarD about how to buIlD propErly

Let me know any thoughts at jwtyrrell@tyrrells.com.

6 0 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

T imber pile foundations, which were a popular option for housing foundations in the

past, have seen a resurgence in recent years as consumers look for environmentally friendly building options that are affordable as well as durable. Pile foundations are also popular thanks to their ability to be used on sloped areas or sites with poor soil quality, which is common in many areas of Australia.

Peter Llewellyn, who is a timber specialist and an expert with Forest and Wood Products Australia (FWPA), says there are also many benefits to using timber stumps for building contractors.

“Timber stumps are readily available

and easy to make connections to floor bearers. Adjusting the height of timber stumps is also simple and although dense hardwoods can be heavy, treated pine is light and durable, which makes it easy for builders to handle.”

However, unlike concrete or galvanised steel, timber is a natural material that will break down over time and timber stumps will therefore require re-stumping every 20-70 years depending on the timber used, soil conditions, drainage and termite attacks.

Many home owners don’t realise their houses need re-stumping and only ask for checks during renovations or if they’re selling the home but stumps should be checked regularly to ensure

proper health. “People are inclined to wait until

something goes wrong on the principle that ‘if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’. However, a look under the house to see what’s going on is important, particularly at the stump ground line and just below,” says Peter.

The strength of the building largely depends on the strength of the foundation so its important stumps are checked before significant damage can be done to the house. If the deterioration of stumps becomes so bad that it affects the foundations, then the house will become an unstable and unsafe structure for people to live in.

If a house was built before 1970 or

House foundation repairs, such as re-stumping, are crucial to ensuring the safety and stability of buildings because, as with any physical support, foundations are bound to wear out. Adelle King reports.

FOUNDATIONS

Putting foundations on sure footing

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 6 1

has cracks on the internal and external walls, doors and windows jamming in their frames, sloping floors, decay of foundations beneath the house or damage to plumbing then it is likely it will require re-stumping.

“When it gets to this point, where walls are cracking and doors and windows are out of plumb, action is overdue but it can also be worth re-stumping if alternations and additions to the house are under way that will impose a greater load on the supporting structure,” says Peter.

The type of soil and where the customer lives will determine what type of stump material is used, with Victoria favouring rot-resistant timber stumps, such as Victorian red gum, and Queensland generally choosing copper chrome arsenate treated pine.

Since the process involves replacing a building’s foundation supports, re-stumping can be an extremely time consuming process. The area around the defective stump or stumps has to be jacked up, the stumps need to be supported off the ground while concrete pad footing is poured in and then the floor joists are lowered back onto the new stumps and secured in place.

Now though, a New Zealand invention is helping to increase efficiency and productivity on construction sites that require timber stumps for re-stumping or for house piles, deck piles and retaining piles.

Known as the Space-IT Pile Pad, this invention means builders do not have to worry about bracing or supporting piles off the ground, making installation quick and easy.

“I’ve been building for nearly 18 years and I was sick of suspending and bracing when I needed to get posts in the ground. I saw the need for a product that would make building foundations easier and faster, and the Space-IT Pile Pad was born,” says Space-IT inventor and managing director Jarrod White.

The Space-IT Pile Pad is a square timber pile locator and supporter that has been designed to provide

temporary support for timber piles prior to concreting. It’s made from 100% recycled plastic and has been officially tested to 2,000kg of load on very solid ground. It features a 40mm-deep, square cup that sits on top of a 100mm-deep base, which is designed for locating the base of timber piles above the ground.

Builders simply dig or drill a hole to the specified depth and diameter, ensure the base of the hole is suitably level, screw the Space-IT Pile Pad on the bottom of the pile using four stainless steel screws and align the pile roughly to string lines. Once level, the pad is pinned to the ground via the holes on the base and supplied plastic pegs, before concrete is poured in. Concrete

needs to be well vibrated into place and then it can be left to set.

If smaller posts are being used, such as 90x90mm, builders simply add a 15mm packer to each side that they will be screwing to.

The Space-IT Pile Pad can also be used with steel posts, as long as the base of the steel post is capped with

a steel plate so that it can sit properly inside. The steel post is then attached with steel self-tapping screws through the side of the Space IT pile pad.

The Space-IT pile pad means there is no time wasted waiting for concrete to go off before bearers can go on.

“Space-IT Pile Pad cuts timing down on putting posts in the hole and getting them ready for concrete. Whereas setting up 30 piles used to take nearly a whole day, with the Space-IT Pile Pad 30 piles can be done in less than two hours,” says Jarrod.

The Space-IT Pile Pad also provides building contractors with the assurance of knowing that every stump is accurate and complies with Australian and New Zealand Standards regarding concrete pad footings.

“Space-IT Pile Pad gives you 100mm to cap off the bottom of the hole and

seal off the post. It just makes building foundations easier. You don’t need to muck around with site concrete or supporting the pile off the ground,” says Jarrod.

For re-stumping, these time saving benefits are extremely important

for home owners as it can reduce the amount of time everyone

living in the house is asked to move out for.

Unfortunately there is no way to prevent re-

stumping for timber and even concrete and steel stumps are not

guaranteed to prevent re-stumping as they are still susceptible to corrosion.

While choosing a suitable type of timber or preservative treated species, avoiding damp earth adjacent to the stumps and keeping frequently-watered garden beds away from the house will significantly increase the shelf life of timber pile foundations, re-stumping is unavoidable.

It is therefore important that stumps are being checked every few years regardless of the material used so that issues can be addressed before they become major problems.

Forest and Wood Products Australiawww.fwpa.com.auSpace-ITwww.space-it.nz

The Space-IT Pile Pad is a polypropylene, square timber pile locator and supporter. Builders simply screw the Space-IT Pile Pad to the pile and concrete is ready to be poured.

6 2 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

NBN-ready aNd logBook compliaNt for fire safety

C ommunications are changing with the roll out of the National Broadband Network (NBN) and the switch from the old copper wire service to a digital network.

As a result, any monitored fire alarm systems on the copper wire connection need to be migrated.

Fire Protection Association Australia (FPA Australia) has been working with the Federal Department of Communications and Arts to publish the Migration of monitored fire alarms and lift phone services good practice guide.

The Guide is intended as a handbook for use by the fire protection and lift industries, building owners, building managers and bodies corporate, application service providers, telecommunications retail service providers, equipment providers, and regulators and government agencies. It aims to help them carry out their roles and responsibilities in the migration process.

FPA Australia general manager - technical/deputy CEO Matthew Wright chaired the Department’s Fire Alarm and Lift Phone Migration Roundtable Working Group, which reported to the Fire Alarm and Lift Phone Migration Roundtable.

“It has been a great experience to be able to coordinate and provide technical assistance from a range of key stakeholders to develop the Guide,” says Matthew.

“This is vital, as these old, fixed line services are being progressively disconnected and replaced by the NBN. There are a number of different connection options based on your facility’s particular circumstance and the services you have access to. Regardless of the option chosen, there is still an expectation to retain the network reliability goals in AS 1670.3 to ensure alarm monitoring performance is maintained when current fixed line services are disconnected.”

“Monitored fire alarms provide fire and emergency services with the vital warning and information they need to manage incidents. So anyone who has a role in installing, servicing and maintaining a monitored alarm has a role to play in the migration of the old services, making this Guide a ‘must-read’ for practitioners.”

The Migration of monitored fire alarms and lift phone services good practice guide can be downloaded from the FPA Australia website at: www.fpaa.com.au or the Department of Communications and the Arts: www.communications.gov.au.

The Fire Protection Association Australia (FPAA) is working with builders and facility managers to ensure that a smooth transition to the NBN and logbooks are up to date.

FIRE PROTECTION

w w w.buildingconnection.com.au 6 3

NoN-compliaNt logBooks create sigNificaNt legal exposure

Whether it is a sprinkler head, fire door or a document that records the legislated routine servicing of fire protection systems (AS 1851), compliance is absolutely necessary—not optional. The legal liability of not complying is endless, and when it comes to AS 1851 or AS 2293.2 logbooks, the necessity to meet various pieces of legislation around Australia is complex. It is easy to overlook vital information.

Fire Protection Association Australia (FPA Australia) has created a suite of logbooks for maintenance recording and reporting activities in the fire protection industry. Complying fully with the appropriate service requirements of AS 1851 and AS 2293.2, the FPA Australia logbooks are specific about what data must be documented, including keeping appropriate records to meet legal obligations.

Meticulous planning has been undertaken to ensure that FPA Australia logbooks accurately reflect the specific requirements of the standards, and strive for best practice in reporting results to end users.

FPA Australia has released updated AS 1851-2012 logbooks to include the recently published Amendment 1 requirements.

FPA Australia logbooks: ∫ Are compliant in all states and territories—some states,

such as Queensland, require a strict set of words to ensure compliance with QDC, MP6.1. Without the correct and approved wording, the logbook is not compliant to the Building Fire Safety Regulations 2008;

∫ Have space to record your licence and/or Fire Protection Accreditation Scheme number, which is necessary in some states, such as Queensland;

∫ Are fully compliant with AS 1851-2012 Amendment 1 and AS 2293.3;

∫ Contain three copies of each page—one for you, one for the customer and one to be kept in the book;

∫ Have a document ID—look for a document number and electronic identifier, such as a barcode (some customers and users will not accept the logbooks unless it has a barcode);

∫ Meet the design standard—FPA Australia logbooks meet recognised best practice to ensure they are clear and easy to use, uniform in presentation to show all technical requirements and are easily scanned or electronically interpreted for record management systems;

∫ Contain best practice guidelines that prompt you to undertake various tasks;

∫ Are simple to use, have all the required information on one page and contain succinct statements that accurately paraphrase the required task; and,

∫ Can be customised with your own company information and logo.

For information about logbook compliance, specifically relating to the Queensland Building Fire Safety Regulations 2008, go to: www.fpaa.com.au/sales/logbooks-as1851-2012.aspx.

ARE YOU GETTING YOUR REGULAR

NEWSLETTER?www.build.com.au/newsletters

1_2 HV BUILD.COM NEWSLETTER FILLER_V2.indd 1 8/12/2017 10:42:08 AM

6 4 BUILDING CONNEC TION Autumn 2018

NEw proDuctS

StroNg-tIE NaIl coNNEctorS wIth ccN64The simpson strong-Tie CCN64 collated connector nail is a multi-blow tool that actually hammers the nail in and prevents the nail from being overdriven.

The nails protrude from the tip of the tool and are easily located into the hole so that the connector will not be damaged. Perhaps best of all the compact design allows access into tight locations.

simpson strong-Tie collated nails are the same nails as those used for hand driven applications.

The size of the nail is easily identified by an 8 or 10 embossed on the head. The 3.32mm is embossed with an 8 and the 3.75mm nail is embossed with a 10 so the building inspector can know exactly what has been used.

since 1956 simpson strong-Tie has been investing time and effort in application testing and focusing on delivering solutions to help build safer stronger structures. With over 60 years’ manufacturing experience in timber connectors, simpson strong-Tie understand the importance of achieving desired design loads through the use of the correct connector that has been installed.

The CCN64 and simpson strong-Tie collated nails are available from simpson strong-Tie stockists from 1 February 2018.

ENVIroNmENtally frIENDly toIlEtsaniflo Australia’s sanicompact C43 ECO (sanicompact) is the first 6-star WELs rated toilet, using only 1.8L/3L of water per dual flush compared to the regular 4L/6L.

sanicompact is mounted to the floor and, using the 40mm pipe included, it is possible to connect a basin to the inlet at the rear of the unit. This means only one product is needed to create a second toilet anywhere in the home for a fraction of the cost.

Additionally, there is non-return valve and no cistern required.

rIDgID mIcro ca-350 INSpEctIoN camEraInspection and documentation has been made easy with the rIDGID micro CA-350 Inspection Camera, now with 12v power. ∫ Easily record images and videos in hard-

to-reach areas. ∫ 12v rechargeable lithium-ion battery. ∫ Comfortable pistol grip design, large

screen, and easy to use interface. ∫ Illuminate dark spaces with four bright

LEDs on the waterproof aluminium camera head.The perfect tool for a range of

industries. For more information, contact ridge Tool Australia on 1800 743 443 or email ridgid.australia@emerson.com.

www.ridgid.com/au/en/new-tools

www.strongtie.com.au

boSch bluE corDlESS VacuumBosch Blue has expanded its range of cordless vacuums with the new GAs 18v-1 vacuum that features two rotational airflows that prevent the filter from clogging.

The patented dual-stage two airflow system can extract dust from the airflow before it even reaches the filter. The first rotational airflow extracts the majority of the dust with the second extracting phase filtering out any minor particles that would end up in the filter.

The vacuum can run up to 42 minutes longer without having to clean the filter. It also comes with two nozzles that allow the user to reach in high places and tight crevices as well as an extension of suction tubes to use on carpet, wood, laminate or tiles.

www.bosch.com.au

laNDchEckEr IS Now mobIlE frIENDlyPerforming property due diligence has never been easier with Landchecker. With the click of a button, users can download property reports from anywhere at any time.

Even if the user finds themselves at a client meeting and wants to show them more site details, all they need to do is log into their Landchecker account, enter the address and a property report will appear instantly.

The Landchecker is also ideal at a house inspection as the mobile site provides all the property’s information in seconds. Along with site details, property overlays, site dimensions and planning zones are also provided.

www.landchecker.com.au

www.saniflo.com.au

AU

TU

MN

20

18

84 Keep on trucKin’70 marKeting 74 the ‘grip test’

Van, Go!A work of Art or An AbstrAct mess?

ELECTRIC

6 6 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

WalabotDiYVayyar Imaging has announced that the WalabotDIY is now available for Australian consumers. WalabotDIY gives users ‘Superman-vision’ to see up to 10cm into drywall, cement and other materials and determine the location of studs, pipes, wires and moving rodents.

With the Australian launch, WalabotDIY includes a new feature called ‘Pan Mode’, which significantly enhances its capabilities by allowing users to scan an entire wall and combine everything detected into a single image and see a ‘map’ of what’s behind their walls. They can detect multiple studs, pipes and wires, follow the path of pipes and get a full picture of things that are hidden from view.

Walabotwww.walabot.com/diy

respirator filtersThe silicone half-mask respirator with Press To Check filters from Pro Safety Gear is engineered to enable self assessment of the silicone mask’s seal for better protection every time you use it.

On an ill-fitting mask, hazardous airborne particles may flow through gaps where the mask meets the face. Press To Check is a personal fit test system that can be administered anytime and anywhere.

It also features retro-reflective tape for improved wearer visibility, can be worn under most welding helmets and has enhanced four point cradle suspension for improved load bearing.

Pro Choice Safety gearwww.prosafetygear.com

Line laserBosch Blue is expanding its range of professional line lasers with the release of the GLL 3-80, featuring extra bright red laser lines and three 360° planes (one horizontal and two vertical lines).

Thanks to its three 360° laser lines, professionals can work with improved efficiency, saving the need to re-position the laser on the worksite.

Perfect for both indoor and outdoor applications, the advanced line laser also features a robust IP54 cover which is dust and water resistant, complete with a pendulum lock for safe transport.

Bosch Bluewww.bosch-pt.com.au/professional

tOOLS

Autumn 2018 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs 6 7

earplugsThe new ProPod earplugs carry a Class 3 decibel rating which encourages wear by providing hearing protection while still allowing wearers to hear background noises such as an approaching forklift or co-worker communications.

The Propod earplugs also reduce the chance of ear infections, with finger-holds allowing workers to take them in and out them out without tainting the component that sits in the ear canal.

Pro Choice Safety gearPro Choice Safety Gear

elevated work platform Bravi elevated work platforms (EWPs) are distributed and backed nationally by Toyota Material Handling Australia.

The Bravi Sprint has already become the product range’s volume-seller, suiting large retailers who need a fast and agile EWP solution in warehouses and on the shop floor, as well as commercial maintenance and building management operations such as window cleaning, ceiling repairs and electrical repairs and maintenance.

Safety features include a cut-out in the hydraulic lifting system if the interlocking gate is not closed correctly, and an operator platform service lock.

toyota Material Handlingwww.toyotamaterialhandling.com.au

gPS and dash-cam comboThe Navman Drive Duo brings together the smarts of a GPS with a dash-cam that comprises of Full HD 1080P recording.

This clever gadget will protect you from fraudulent accident claims and will provide quality guidance all year around. It includes GPS features such as Landmark Guidance that uses objects you can see through your windscreen. It also has safety features like spoken safety alerts, Bluetooth hands-free, live traffic and 3D junction views, as well as premium driver alerts that warn you about merging lanes, or stop signs. Navmanwww.navman.com.au

6 8 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

PuttiNG the heat oNshOULD WE hAvE LEGALLy ENFOrCED MAxIMUM WOrKING TEMPErATUrEs? saFe WorK aUstralia sAys

‘IT’s NOT ThAT EAsy’.

ending a work day due to extreme weather shouldn’t rely on temperature

alone. there are a number of other factors to consider, like humidity.

tHOrZt www.thorzt.com

implementing a maximum

temperature at which work should

stop because of heat stress and

dehydration risks is not a suitable

control measure, according to

Australia’s national safety body.

A spokesperson for Safe Work

Australia (SWA) said that setting

a safe or unsafe l imit based only

on ambient air temperature is not

appropriate because there are many

other variables which together

contribute to the onset of heat stress,

including:

∫ relative humidity

∫ sun or heat exposure

∫ air f low

∫ physical demands of the work

∫ if the worker is heat acclimatised

∫ the amount of clothing and

PPE worn

∫ work-rest ratio

Instead, SWA recommends that a risk

management approach is implemented,

with controls monitored for their

effectiveness by the person conducting

a business or undertaking (PCBU).

“Workers must be able to work in

extreme heat or cold without risk

to their health and safety… PCBUs

must also monitor workers’ health

and provide better information about

recognising and providing first aid

treatment for heat related disorders,”

the spokesperson says.

Environmental monitoring tools

that look beyond temperature and

factor some of the many variables that

contribute to heat stress will help.

Wet Bulb Global Temperature (WBGT)

– which is used in ISO 7243 – and

Thermal Work Limit (TWL) are two such

environmental monitoring indices.

While these tools are better than

relying only on temperature as a

measure of heat stress dangers, it

is unrealistic to rely on any single

measure and continued environmental

and worker monitoring should be

conducted to determine the effect

of heat stress prevention and

management strategies.

When asked whether work should be

stopped in the event of extreme heat

stress dangers, the SWA spokesperson

says that work should cease if a risk

assessment deems there is a serious

risk to workers’ health and safety and

should not recommence until effective

controls are introduced.

Further, workers also have the

right to refuse to work if there are

significant heat stress or heat i l lness

dangers, although must remain

available to carry out suitable

alternative work, according to the

SWA spokesperson citing Part 5,

Division 6 (sections 83- 89) of the

Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act.

They also cited the model Code

of Practice: Managing the work

environment and facil ities as

outlining controls in detail, which

broadly entail either modifying the

environment or the work.

“In just about all situations,

multiple controls will be required,”

the spokesperson said, adding that

where required, expert advice should

be sought.

Some of those controls may include

crushed ice ingestion which acts as a

heat sink on the body, cooling vests,

PPE-free areas, loose-fitting clothing

and cooling fans.

A great tool to assist in a heat stress

risk assessment is WHS Queensland’s

Heat Stress Calculator (found at http://

bit.ly/2liWSlO).

OHS

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7 0 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

CommuNiCatiNG iN a CriSiSs#!T hAPPENs AND ThE ONLy WAy TO GET ThrOUGh rELATIvELy UNsCAThED Is TO MAKE sUrE yOU

COMMUNICATE EFFECTIvELy WITh ThE OThEr PArTy. cecelia haDDaD ExPLAINs Why GETTING IT WrONG CAN COsT yOU yOUr LIvELIhOOD.

every business at one time

or another will experience a

crisis. The impact crisis has

on your business and reputation

depends on a number of factors and

one of the most mitigating factors is

how a company communicates during

a crisis.

Money can’t buy (or fix) a damaged

reputation when things go wrong.

A poor or i l l-prepared response

can do further damage to what is

already a crisis situation. However,

if communication is handled in the

right way, the damage from a crisis

can be minimised.

There are seven key rules that work

with every crisis.

#1 The first hour sets the tone.How you act or react in the

initial stages of a crisis will determine

how the crisis is played out. If a crisis

occurs, your instinct may be to run

and hide or avoid questions but this

will only make the impact even more

severe. In the initial stages in all

communications you need to be open,

honest and state the facts. A short

well-prepared message will minimise

conjecture and provide the answers you

want your audiences to hear. Failing to

provide information in the early stages

will just send your audiences, including

media, to another source and it may not

be the one you want.

#2The forgotten audience may be your best asset.

While you are scrambling around to

find ways to protect your reputation,

you may have overlooked the value

of engaging employees first. From

the outset deliver bad news to all

employees first, at once and fast. This

especially applies if your business

operates at numerous locations and

your team is on the road. This will

dispel rumours and head off any

speculation but more importantly, in

a crisis, your employees will be your

greatest asset if you communicate

the right messages. Be sure you

give them approved information

Marketing

Autumn 2018 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs 7 1

that they can share (if need be) so

the message is clear and minimises

conjecture or panic. If the incident

is a more complicated one, prepare a

FAQ (frequently asked questions) fact

sheet employees can refer to for more

detailed information.

#3Be prepared for media attentionIf the incident is critical

enough, media will pick up the story.

Unfortunately, we have all read about

tragic work site accidents that have led

to severe injury or death of a worker.

If the crisis escalates enough to grab

media attention, prepare a holding

statement as early as possible. Your

holding statement will need to contain

three elements: concern or empathy

for the injured party; the action you

are taking to help the situation; and

perspective around this type of issue

in relation to your safety record. An

example in the situation where there is

an injury or fatality might be:

We are extremely concerned for our

employee who fell from a building site

early this morning. At

this stage he is being

treated in hospital and

we are unsure of the

extent of his injuries.

We are cooperating

with authorities for a

full investigation to

determine why this

occurred. We have

not had an incident

of this type in our 25

years in business and

take employee safety

seriously. We will be in a position

to provide further information as it

comes to hand.

If you know at this point that your

company is to blame, then take

responsibility and start moving

forward to repair the damage to

your organisation. If the fault is not

known then avoid laying blame until a

thorough investigation is carried out.

#4Communication is kingIn any crisis situation,

emotions are high, there

is fear and panic. The most important

aspects of communicating are to firstly

keep communicating, keep everyone

updated with progress and make sure

its two-way dealing

with inquiries as

efficiently and

promptly as the

situation allows.

Secondly, don’t

just address

reality, address

perception. Even if

the perception isn’t

real, it needs to be

treated as a serious

concern.

#5Don’t ever lie.Don’t speculate, don’t guess,

don’t make up answer, just

don’t lie. If you really don’t know, admit

you don’t know and offer to find out the

answer (if it’s within your capability

to do so). An honest mistake will be

forgiven, a calculated lie won’t.

#6Always reflect.After the crisis is over,

evaluate its effectiveness.

Ask yourself – what worked; what

didn’t; how can you improve next time.

When the dust settles it’s the perfect

time to reflect, understand lessons

from your actions and document it for

future situations.

#7It is never over until… The crisis may be over but

the fallout won’t be. What

is said online stays online and while

it may be old news to you, for anyone

searching your company’s name

it wil l be front and centre on their

computer screen. Now is the time to

rebuild your reputation and image and

essentially ‘drown out’ the negative

news. Start putting out some good

news stories and start to populate

media and social media with some

positive news and articles.

Applying these rules to every crisis

may not make it go away, but it will

definitely miminise the negative impact

it can have on your business and your

reputation. You may not avert the crisis

but you can reduce its impact with

effective communication.

if the incident is critical enough, media will pick up the story. if the crisis

escalates enough to grab media attention, prepare a statement aSaP.

Cecelia Haddad is the director of Marketing Elements, which specialises in PR for the building and environmental sectors. She has over 20 years’ experience and is the chair of the Registered Consultancies Group Committee for PRIA.

The impact crisis has on

your business and reputation

depends on a number of factors.

7 2 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

a quiCk Sale’S a Bad SaleLAWyEr Martin checKetts shArEs hIs TIPs ON hOW TO GET ThE BEsT PrICE WhEN sELLING yOUr BUsINEss –

AND Why A QUICK sALE Is rArELy A GOOD IDEA.

Years ago, a client came to see

me and he was in bad shape.

Unfortunately, he had been

diagnosed with a serious illness and

told, in that unique diplomatic way

that doctors seem to have, to get his

affairs in order. For good. It was the final

curtain call.

This client had been a tradie

his whole life. He had run his own

construction business. It had decent

goodwill with clients and plenty of

repeat business. He didn’t have anyone

to take over the business, so he wanted

to sell. Quickly. Enter the lawyers – or in

my case, the lawyer.

It was a distressing scenario for

all concerned and from the lawyer’s

perspective, it didn’t make it any easier

that I had to share an inconvenient

truth: there is no optimum way to

execute a quick sale. Once the buyer

realises that they’re in a ‘fire sale’

situation, the leverage is entirely with

them. Of course, you could lie; you could

conceal your illness or hope that the

deal somehow gets done in the right

timeframe. But rather than going down

that slippery slope – and believe me, it’s

a very slippery one - I’d like to suggest

an alternative: don’t get yourself in that

position to begin with.

Of course, there will be situations

where a quick sale is unavoidable.

Sometimes, you may not even want to

avoid it. You might suddenly receive an

offer for your business which is just too

good to refuse. The key here is ‘constant

preparedness’. You don’t know when life

is going to throw you a curveball, but

you can make sure that you’ll be ready

when it does come along.

Often this will come down to

evaluating your own role in the business

and coming up with a Plan B if you are

out of the equation for any reason. As I

wrote in an earlier article, this means

putting some thought into succession

planning, such as putting one of your

kids in charge or promoting someone

from within the business. It may also

mean taking out insurance to protect

your income. But there are some

situations where you may need to divest

yourself of the business entirely and it’s

wise to be prepared for these.

Preparing for sale isn’t something

you scramble to do in a few weeks; it’s

an ongoing process and an inherent

part of running a good business, even

if you don’t have any immediate plans

to sell. Rule number one: keep your

books in good order. If someone wants

to run an eye over the top and bottom

lines of your business, you should have

that information ready at the push of

a button.

This may sound like an obvious

objective, yet it’s a source of constant

problems for business owners. I’ve seen

tradies who are unable to demonstrate

they have a profitable business because

they’ve taken payment in cash and

not kept any records. I’ve seen tradies

put a bunch of personal expenses on

the business account, which in turn

produces an inaccurate profit as a

result. It may not seem like a big deal

when it’s your business – but when the

buyer comes in and wants to examine

the books, it does become a big deal.

You should also keep copies of key

documents relating to the business:

employment contracts, contractor

agreements, lease agreements,

insurance policies, major customer

agreements – all of these should be

readily accessible and easy to hand

over. If you’re working in a regulated

industry – and who doesn’t these days

– make sure you keep all of the relevant

certification which shows that your

business is complying with the relevant

rules and regulations.

None of this is rocket science.

But that’s exactly the problem.

Because the paperwork feels like the

straightforward part of the business,

we neglect it. It’s all there somewhere,

right? But unscrambling the mess when

a buyer comes knocking is the part

that will prove all too hard when you

need to do it in a hurry. It’s one of the

key reasons why the quick sale almost

never produces a good outcome for the

person selling the business.

Constant readiness is the key. Keep

your books and documentation in order.

And, to quote a certain British-American

band of the ‘70s, don’t stop thinking

about tomorrow.

Please note that this article provides

general comments and guidance only,

and does not take into account your

particular circumstances. Always seek

independent professional advice before

implementing any sale strategy.

Martin Checketts heads up the Private Advisory Team at national law firm Mills Oakley. He specialises in advising the owners of private and family businesses and high net wealth individuals on issues such as business succession and asset protection.

LegaL

Autumn 2018 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs 7 3

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7 4 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

a helPiNG haNdThE WELLBEING OF ONE’s hANDs PrOBABLy IsN’T sOMEThING MOsT TrADIEs ThINK ABOUT ON A DAy TO DAy BAsIs

BUT EvEN A MINOr hAND INJUry CAN hAvE A LIFE-ChANGING EFFECT. aDelle King LOOKs AT hOW TrADIEs CAN IMPrOvE ThEIr hAND hEALTh.

australian tradespeople have

some of the highest workplace

injury rates of any sector and

despite only making up 31% of the

country’s workforce, they account for

58% of accidents and serious injuries,

according to Safe Work Australia.

Research conducted by the

organisation found 40% of these injuries

relate to the upper limbs, including

hands, wrists, elbows and shoulders, and

are traumatic in nature, meaning there is

damage to the joint, ligament or muscle

tendon. The research also found young

workers under 35 were twice as likely to

injure their hand as older workers.

The damage is generally caused by

lifting, carrying or putting down objects

and repetitive strain injuries from

equipment and tools.

“We see a lot of tradies come in

with hand injuries that can be quite

devastating yet I don’t think most

tradies think about what they would do

if they couldn’t use their hands,” says

Melbourne Hand Rehab director and

Australian Hand Therapy Association

president Karen Fitt.

“In many instances niggling issues

that could be quickly resolved by a hand

therapist go untreated and turn into

serious injuries and ongoing troubles.”

Compounding the problem is the fact

that tradies are generally reluctant to

seek medical assistance and are likely

to ignore health issues.

In its 2014 report, Stop trading

your health away, the Australian

Physiotherapy Association found 75%

of tradies surveyed would regularly

ignore pain and all those surveyed

stated that they were unlikely to visit a

physiotherapist unless directed to do so

by a doctor.

“Most tradies assume a few aches and

pains are part and parcel of their work

but leaving these untreated can make

the problem worse. Early consultation

and treatment for niggling pain, as well

as major injuries, are important for

tradies to get the full function of their

hand back,” says Karen.

“Having access to early intervention

strategies and specialised hand

therapy treatments is an effective way

to prolong trades-based careers and

improve the general wellbeing of those

who work in them.”

For tradies concerned about pain

in their hands, a hand therapist can

OHS

Autumn 2018 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs 7 5

administer a grip test, which uses a

dynamometer to measure in kilograms

how much power a person can generate

with their grip. Examining grip strength

is important in identifying injuries

and determining the effectiveness of

interventions.

Hand strength will depend on age,

weight and sex so there are a set of

normal values for hand therapists to

compare results against for both the

left and right hand. There are also

established testing protocols in place to

ensure accuracy.

“The grip test is an incredibly useful

tool for picking up injuries and during

rehabilitation to track improvements,”

says Karen.

According to the Australian

Physiotherapy Association, tradespeople

also have high rates of chronic health

conditions, such as arthritis.

Many people assume arthritis is a

disease that mainly affects elderly

people and cannot be treated but 60%

of people diagnosed with arthritis in

Australia are aged 15-60, according

to the Australian Bureau of Statistics

(ABS), and there are many treatment

options available.

Hand therapists can do a lot to

alleviate pain and strengthen the hand,

including special exercises, wax baths,

hand massages and splints.

“Tradies assume that there’s

nothing that can be done because

it’s ‘ just arthritis’ but in fact there is

a lot that can be done, especially for

wrist and thumb arthritis, to enable

tradies to continue working pain-free,”

says Karen.

“This is why it’s so important to trust

your hands to a practitioner of hand

therapy. Members of the Australian

Hand Therapy Association have over

3,600 hours of hand therapy experience

and 300 hours of post-university

ongoing professional education.”

There is no referral required to see

a hand therapist as a private patient

but for those claiming through a

compensable body, such as WorkSafe or

TAC, a referral is required.

“At the end of the day, most tradies

rely on their hands to do their jobs so

if they get a hand injury it can prevent

them from working, which impacts their

whole life,” says Karen.

“Investing the time and money into

seeing a hand therapist as soon as

possible after a hand injury will avoid or

minimise time off work as therapists can

usually make work friendly splints.”

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hand therapists can make work-

friendly splints to minimise or avoid

time off work.

7 6 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

Get Paid iN the tradeSsQUArE AUsTrALIA COUNTry MANAGEr Ben pFisterer LOOKs AT hOW TrADIEs

CAN GET MONEy AND TIME BACK ON ThEIr sIDE.

ask any tradie running their own

operation what their number one

business challenge is and you’re

likely to get the same answer nine times

out of 10: getting paid.

Waiting weeks or even months to get

paid for projects is an instant path to

a cash flow crisis – it can easily have

a negative impact on your ability to

pay wages, your ability to pay other

suppliers and your ability to purchase

new tools or equipment for future jobs.

The fact is that it is impossible to

service your current clients properly

and win more projects, without enough

capital to resource your operations.

And I’m not just talking about financial

capital, time capital is just as important.

If you’re running your own business,

chances are you’re probably working on

the tools most days as well, so unless

you stop working (which leaves you

down a worker) or you hire more people,

you’d be hard-pressed to find the time to

grow your business.

Before you get disheartened, there are

plenty of simple strategies that you can

do to take control right now. Below are

my top tips to help your business improve

cash flow fast and get back some time in

your day - and you can do it all on the go.

1Use digital tools to get paid on the spotThe best way to get paid fast

is to give your clients the abil ity

to pay instantly. Having a mobile

credit and debit card reader on hand,

in your toolbox or work ute, helps

you get paid straight away. It also,

importantly, provides a simple and

convenient way for customers to

settle their bil l immediately without

worrying about cash.

And if you’re on the road, back at

the office or at home, you can simply

take a payment over the phone.

Digital platforms, like Square’s

Virtual Terminal, allow you to enter

a customer’s credit or debit card

information straight into a web

browser, eliminating a payment lag and

ensuring you get paid instantly – no

matter where you are.

2Start sending user-friendly e-invoicesDon’t spend hours manually

writing up, mailing out invoices and

chasing payments. If your client isn’t

onsite to pay immediately, send them

an electronic invoice from your phone

as soon as a job is done. When your

customer receives

an e-invoice they can

conveniently enter

their card details

to make a quick

payment, rather

than having to log

into their internet

banking app or recall

their bank account

information. Many

digital platforms

now have advanced

invoice capabilities

which allow you

to track when a

customer receives,

opens and pays

an invoice - you can also schedule

recurring invoices and store cards

on file, so you don’t have to re-enter

details for regular clients.

3Integrate your payments and accounting softwareDigital or cloud-based

solutions are often talked about,

but not often explained in simple

terms, so here it is. Having a digital

point-of-sale platform that allows

you to take card payments in-person,

online or over the phone is a faster,

more secure and more reliable way to

ensure you get paid. Team that with

online accounting software that can

easily talk to this system, and all your

transactions will f low automatically

into your accounts giving you an

accurate record of your transactions

all in one place. This not only improves

accuracy, it significantly reduces the

need for manual data entry which is

a great time-saver for busy sparkies,

especially at tax time.

4Use payment data to improve your businessHaving data and analytics

tools is a must these days, especially

for time-poor tradies who need to be

on the tools as well. Analytics enable

you to gain important insights into

what’s working and what needs to

change in your business, so you can

continue to make informed decisions

to maximise revenue.

Square’s reader is available at www.squareup.com/au.

Ben Pfisterer is Square’s country manager for Australia and is responsible for building, deploying and managing Square’s business and operational capabilities in the Australian market.

CaSHFLOW

Autumn 2018 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs 7 7

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7 8 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

State of the art CartSAs INTErEsT IN ELECTrIC vEhICLEs GrOWs, ATTENTION Is TUrNING TO ThE LIGhT COMMErCIAL vEhICLE MArKET.

terry Martin rEPOrTs.

electric vehicles account for only

a fraction of Australia’s booming

new-vehicle market, and among

light-commercials there is just a single

option, Renault’s Kangoo ZE compact

van, that tradespeople can plug into.

But times are changing.

You might have noticed electric

vehicle charging points cropping up

in public places around Australia,

and news headlines about state

governments and industry either joining

forces or going it alone in building a

recharging infrastructure along major

highways to ensure motorists can travel

longer distances in EVs without fear of

being stranded with a depleted battery.

Look a little deeper and you’ll also

see there are big moves afoot among

the leading vehicle manufacturers –

particularly in Europe, the US and China

– in terms of ramping up development

of electrified vans and, in one notable

case, even one-tonne utes.

This is happening at a time when

sales of diesel-powered vehicles are

declining in Europe – a shift which

followed revelations that many diesel

engines are emitting more pollutants

than lab-based tests suggested – and as

emissions regulations are getting ever

more stringent.

Various countries are also now

formulating plans to ban the sale of

new vehicles with regular petrol or

diesel internal combustion engines.

Norway, for example, is preparing for a

clampdown by 2025, France and the UK

are following suit from 2040, and India

has similarly raised the prospect of

banning fossil fuel-based cars by 2030.

In the meantime, many other

countries (and individual states)

have set official targets for electric

vehicle sales, while major cities

are establishing, or tightening up,

congestion charge zones that allow free

passage for EVs.

Australia has not announced any

move to curtail petrol or diesel vehicle

sales, and does not offer any incentive

to purchase EVs, meaning the rate of

change here is much slower.

But we are not immune to the

overseas trends.

Renault has kicked things off with

the Kangoo ZE and other brands are

building a case for electric vans here –

not only as their parent companies step

up development, but as the benefits of

owning and driving EVs become clearer.

RENAULT IN FRONTAfter running a pilot trial in recent

years with Australia Post using the

Kangoo ZE, Renault Australia now

COver StOrY

Autumn 2018 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs 7 9

has its hands on a heavily upgraded

model that it is offering, for the first

time, directly to the public – starting in

Melbourne and Sydney.

Priced from $45,990 plus on-road

costs, the Kangoo ZE is available in

long-wheelbase Maxi form and features

a new 44kW/226Nm electric motor and

higher-density 33kWh lithium-ion battery

pack that offers a 270km driving range on

the official New European Driving Cycle

(NEDC) – up from 170km on the previous

version.

Renault Australia’s senior model line

manager for electric vehicles, Elena

Woods, says this extra range makes the

Kangoo ZE “really quite accessible for

your average small van user” and that

with the further addition of an uprated

charger, the battery can now be fully

recharged in six hours when plugged

into a 7.4kW wall box – or topped up with

35km of range in just an hour.

Elena says tradespeople are on

Renault’s radar for the Kangoo ZE,

despite it being priced $19,000 above

the regular diesel-powered model.

She points to benefits such as its zero

emissions, marketing advantages, feel-

good factor, low running costs, ease of

use (lack of noise and vibration causing

less fatigue, for example) and quiet

operation (which can allow for working

at later hours in urban areas). And no

compromise on load carrying capacity

and the like.

“While Kangoo ZE is new to Australia,

Renault has sold over 25,000 of them

in Europe where they’re very much

a member of ‘the today’ rather than

a trend for the future, and we would

definitely advocate that this is the way

things are going,” she says.

In Europe, she says, Renault, which

also sells the larger Master ZE, has

found “drivers are calmer, companies

have discovered that there are less

sick days, less accidents – this is

more anecdotal… but it is like driving

something that feels very futuristic but

is actually something that can blend into

your business life.

“We plug everything else in, so why

not our cars?”

THE CHARGE POINTElena says the lack of public EV

recharging points in Australia is really

a side issue for business operators in

urban areas, who should have plenty

of range from an overnight charge at

home or work using a wall box delivering

7-22kW – a unit that typically costs

$2,000-$3,000 fully installed by one of

Renault’s preferred suppliers.

“We tend to think of infrastructure

in line with how we think of petrol

stations,” she says.

“They’re very visible, they’re external

to our house, and they’re everywhere –

and obviously charging infrastructure is

not to the same scale.

“However, in Europe, and which will

most definitely be the case in Australia,

most charging is done at home or at the

office, so public infrastructure really

plays more of a supporting role.”

Topping up, if needed, is usually a

simple matter of a quick charge at work

during a lunch break or down period,

with Elena adding that drivers “will

effectively never have to go out of their

way again to fill up their vehicle because

it will always be there and charging

when it has the chance”.

Renault claims the updated Kangoo

ZE is capable of up to 200km in ‘real-

world’ conditions, up from 125km in

the previous model. This depends on

factors such as terrain, temperature,

wind and driving style, but Elena says

‘range anxiety’ should not be a factor

for the typical tradesperson working in

the suburbs.

LDV BUILDS CASEChinese auto giant SAIC Motor has

developed a full-electric version of its

LDV V80 large van and cab chassis

which is now on sale in New Zealand (as

well as China, Europe and the UK) and is

under consideration for trial in Australia

in partnership with local distributor

Ateco Automotive.

The eV80’s electric motor produces

92kW/320Nm – similar to the output of

the 2.5L diesel version sold here – and

combines with a 56kWh battery that can

deliver a driving range of 192km (NEDC).

A full recharge can be completed in

about two hours with a fast-charge unit.

An electric version of LDV’s smaller

G10 van is also now available overseas,

powered by a 75kW/380Nm electric

motor – again, a close match to the

current 1.9L diesel – and offers a driving

range of about 200km. Just 90 minutes

is apparently all that’s needed for a full

recharge using a high-capacity outlet.

“Electric vans very much are on

our ‘to do’ list,” says LDV Automotive

Australia’s Edward Rowe.

“With regard to Australia, we believe

there is a clear and obvious place for

an electric van or, indeed, vans of

different sizes.

“Our studies show that our customers

typically use their vans for 150-200km

per day and their routine means they

have a centralised place where one or two

times a day, while loading or unloading,

they can recharge their vehicles.

mercedes-Benz is investing around $233 million to electrify its commercial

vehicle range. as part of this, it has developed the Vito e-Cell wall charger.

8 0 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

“The vast majority of vans are used

in metro areas and it is here that a

zero-emission vehicle, especially one

replacing diesel-powered vehicles,

can make a significant contribution to

reducing localised pollution, both air

and noise pollution.

“Indeed, it is arguable that, given

Australian vehicle usage and the fact

that vans are working vehicles on

the road most of the time, electrically

powered vans could make the biggest

contribution of all. Clearly, also, the

driving conditions of metro areas are

also ideally suited to an EV van.”

THE STICKING POINTEdward echoes the sentiment from most

other auto-makers in Australia when he

says that the sticking point for LDV is

“a lack of government commitment and

policy on EVs”.

“We are not saying that EVs need

financial support or government

financing,” he says.

“What is required is for the

government to have a policy on EVs

that, with changes to all the legalities of

importing and selling vehicles, at least

places EVs on a level playing field with

vehicles using existing energy sources

and which recognises that EVs, by their

very nature, require different rules from

petrol- and diesel-powered vehicles.

“At the most basic level, a

standardised plug for recharging EVs

and a standardised power level (voltage/

amps/phase) coming through that plug!”

He also emphasises that cities around

the world are “actively planning to first

ban diesel service vehicles – vans, light

trucks and utes – and then mandate EV

versions of these vehicles that, quite

simply, keep cities functioning”.

“So EV vans are very much the future

and LDV very much wants and plans

to be part of this fundamental change

to how business vehicles serve the

population in our cities,” he says.

“LDV wants to be in the EV van market,

we are keen to launch and LDV believes

it can make a significant contribution to

advancing EV use in Australia.”

LDV is also known to be working on

plug-in hybrid and hydrogen fuel-cell

versions of its vans, while electric

versions of the newly launched T60 Production of electric mercedes Sprinter vans is expected to ramp up in 2018.

Chinese auto giant SaiC motor has developed a full-electric version of its

ldV V80 large van and cab chassis.

thanks to the kangoo Ze 15, renault is leading the charge for eVs in australia.

Autumn 2018 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs 8 1

one-tonne ute were spotted recently by

Australian journalists at SAIC Motor’s

proving ground in China.

MERCEDES AT WORKMercedes-Benz is investing around

$233 million to electrify its commercial

vehicle range, based on the Vito and

Sprinter, and has secured a major deal

with Hermes in Germany to electrify

1,500 mid-size and large vans by 2021.

Pilot projects in Hamburg and Stuttgart

are already underway.

“When series production of electric

Sprinter and Vito starts to ramp up at

the end of 2018, the intention is that

electric vans will start to be offered to

all our customers, including those in

key markets outside of Germany,” says

Blake Vincent from Mercedes-Benz Vans

(Australia/NZ).

“However, when this translates to

production availability specifically for

Australia is still unclear. We expect

there to be significant interest in

both Australia and New Zealand. We

already regularly receive enquiries

about electric vans from major fleet

companies who are looking to improve

efficiency and sustainability in their

operations.

“Initially only one electric van was

planned, but now both Sprinter and

Vito will be available, which only

strengthens the potential and our

interest in launching locally.”

Thinking further afield, Mercedes

has developed new

vehicle concepts

such as the Vision

Van and is trialling

EVs as part of a

broader connected

network, where

companies can

facilitate things

like optimal route

planning and job

allocations based

on a van’s battery

charge and remaining range.

WAIT AND SEEThere are a host of other full-electric

and plug-in hybrid vans in various

stages of development, pilot trials and

production overseas from the likes of

Volkswagen (e-Crafter), Ford (Transit

PHEV), Nissan (e-NV200), Iveco (Daily

Electric) and Peugeot/Citroen (Partner/

Berlingo Electric).

US EV giant

Tesla Motors has

committed to building

a cargo van, and you

can count on light

commercial vehicles

(LCVs) being among

the 20 new EVs

from General Motors

by 2023. Toyota

recently presented

an LCV D-Cargo

concept, signalling

its intention to get in on the act, while

pure-electric light-duty trucks such

as the Mitsubishi Fuso eCanter is well

established overseas.

Among the Australian divisions

of these motor companies, there are

no concrete moves to bring electric

vans or other plug-in LCVs here any

time soon, with varying degrees of

interest but a clear recognition that

international trends cannot be ignored.

As Renault’s Elena Woods puts it:

“I don’t think Australia is immune

to global trends. At the moment, we

would be considered to be lagging

on electric vehicles, but that is

quite possibly because there are

no substantial incentives on their

registration that other countries – the

UK, France – have in place that has

really enhanced the uptake.

“Our volume forecasts for the time

being are modest, in line with the

market in Australia today. But it would

be remiss of us to not use the experience

and wealth of knowledge that Renault

has accumulated in Europe with the

sales of its electric vehicles, to not bring

them to Australia.

“As the market opens up for EVs,

Renault will look at all opportunities.”

Australia has not announced any move to curtail petrol or diesel

vehicle sales, and does not offer

any incentive to purchase EVs.

mercedes has developed new vehicle concepts such as the Vision Van and is

trialling eVs as part of a broader connected network.

8 2 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

Cuts metal penetrations in a flash

HOW IT WORKSThe Metal Pecker’s bolt-cutter sized handles provide far greater cutting leverage than other metal cutting hand tools.

Its precision cutter blade shears the metal between the anvils and pushes out a 1.7" (43mm) x 0.24" (6mm) slug with each cutting stroke. There is no blade face to blunt.

To cut, you simply punch a pilot opening in the metal sheet, poke the beak of the Metal Pecker’s cutting jaw into the opening and commence cutting.

CUTTING METAL HASNEVER BEEN EASIERTHE METAL PECKER® is specifically designed to cut penetrations in

profiled metal roofing for in-situ vent pipe and skylight installation ...as well as

air-conditioning duct, furring channel and other straight or formed metal sheet.

The tool’s precisely engineered slot-shear cutting action eats up folded sheets,

seams and joints, like no other hand or power tool, you’ve ever used.

The more you use the tool, the more uses you will find for it onsite.

Cutter blade shears themetal between the anvils

A MULTITUDE OF USESThe Metal Pecker compliments other tools that do their best work on single thickness profile cutting at ground level, or on flat sheet.

However, when the going gets tough with in-situ penetrations and other tools pass up under-folds or have di�culty cutting through a profile, reach for the Metal Pecker.

Its extended handles keep you away from the sheet’s sharp edges and provide greater reach and leverage in hard to access places – reducing your work time.

276x410mm LHS PLUMBING CONNECTION advert 3-17.pdf 1 9/03/2017 11:59 am

Autumn 2018 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs 8 3

I’ve just finished work on a 250,000 sq ft building and it was more e�cient for me to carry the Metal Pecker around than any other tool, or having to a generator with cords, as cordless tools can’t cut tough like the Pecker.

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Every tool kit needs a Metal PeckerThe tool with 1001 deconstruction uses

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I’ve just finished work on a 250,000 sq ft building and it was more e�cient for me to carry the Metal Pecker around than any other tool, or having to a generator with cords, as cordless tools can’t cut tough like the Pecker.

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Every tool kit needs a Metal PeckerThe tool with 1001 deconstruction uses

Read what the users say:

Slot-shear design

Bolt-cutter length handlesprovide greater leverage

Precision honed cutting blade

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Heavy duty construction

Manufactured fromhardened tool steel

Non-slip serrated cutting jaw

Cuts Clean – no swarf

ORDER TODAY ATwww.metalpecker.com

I like the fact that the tool cuts easily through trapezoidal standing seam ribs and all kinds of trim, so as to fit new flashings.

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8 4 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

MerCeDeS-BenZ X-CLaSS PriCing

mercedes-Benz has

released local pricing and

specification details for

the four-cylinder versions of its hotly

anticipated X-Class dual cab utility,

which reaches showrooms in April

priced from $45,450 plus on-road

costs for the tradie-oriented X220d

Pure 4x2 manual cab chassis.

A load bed adds $950, and a 4x4

driveline with the pick-up rear end

starts from $50,400, while the higher-

output X250d is 4x4 only but available

across both manual and auto and cab

chassis and boxed ute body styles –

starting at $51,450 plus on-roads.

As anticipated, there are three trim

levels – as well as Pure at the entry

level, the X-Class is available in mid-

series Progressive (from $53,950) and

top-spec Power grade (from $61,600).

The standard gearbox is a six-speed

manual, while shifting to the seven-

speed automatic adds $2,900 on

X250d. Auto is not available on X220d.

The X-Class is based on the Nissan

Navara and both four-pot diesels

are Nissan-sourced 2.3L units, the

220d fitted with a single turbo and

generating 120kW/403Nm, while the

250d has twin turbos and is good for

140kW/450Nm.

X350d models will arrive mid-2018

using Mercedes’ own 190kW/550Nm

3.0L V6 diesel.

Standard safety features across the

four-cylinder range includes seven

airbags, tyre pressure monitoring, a

reversing camera (not available on

cab chassis) and driver assistance

systems including active brake assist

and lane-keeping assist.

Mercedes says the Pure grade,

which is readily identified by the

black front, rear bumpers and (17”)

steel wheels, is designed for ‘rugged,

functional use’. It has plastic floor

coverings, a 7” TFT infotainment

system (with touchpad) and the usual

array of creature comforts you’d

expect at this level.

Adjustable load-securing rails in the

bed and Mercedes’ Parktronic parking

assistance system is listed as a

$1,300 option for pick-up variants (not

available on cab chassis).

The Progressive grade is fitted

with 17” alloy wheels, body coloured

bumpers, satellite navigation, floor

carpet, heated exterior mirrors, rain-

sensing windscreen wipers, auto-

dimming rear-view mirror, upgraded

cabin trim and a digital audio system

with eight speakers.

It also has three optional packages:

Style ($3,750), with LED front and rear

lighting, an electrically opening rear

window, tinted glass, side running

boards, roof rails and 18” alloys;

Comfort ($2,490), which adds electric

front seat adjustment, higher-grade

seat trim, climate control and a

stowage net in the front passenger

footwell; and Parking ($1,750), which

includes a 360° camera and the

Parktronic system.

At the top rung, Power variants

come standard with key elements

in the above packages, chrome

exterior highlights, keyless entry/

start and Mercedes’ Comand Online

multimedia system. It also has a

Style package available for $2,490,

adding 19” alloys and other elements,

while all three offer a ‘Winter’ bundle

($590) with front seat heating and

heated washer nozzles.

tranSPOrtwith terry martin

Autumn 2018 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs 8 5

Nissan has revealed that it is crunching the numbers for

its full-size Titan pick-up truck to be introduced to all

markets where the Navara is currently sold, meaning

Australia is in line to receive the hulking V8-powered workhorse

direct from the factory in Canton, Mississippi, in the US.

The numbers would obviously have to stack up for Nissan

to retool its US plant for right-hand drive and a tilt at the

Aussie market.

As a guide, the local conversion of Ram pick-ups run through

American Special Vehicles – the joint venture between

Walkinshaw Automotive Group and Ateco Automotive – had

its sights set on 600 trucks a year (or 50 a month) but only

managed just over half that (about 30 a month) last year.

The going is pretty tough when the asking price is north of

$100,000 – as seen with the Ram trucks and with Titans that

are already available here through other local converters – but

full factory backing and the benefits this brings with pricing,

supply, specification and so on could make all the difference.

It will at least attract plenty of attention, with a V8 rumble

that comes from either a 291kW/534Nm 5.6L naturally

aspirated bent-eight petrol engine (driving through a seven-

speed automatic gearbox) or a stump-pulling Cummins-

sourced 231kW/752Nm 5.0L turbo-diesel that combines with a

six-speed auto.

In the US, the Titan is sold in single, king and crew cab body

styles, built on either a standard separate chassis or with a

longer and heavier-duty ‘XD’ frame. No matter which variant you

look at, the specs are high and mighty – the XD diesel crew cab,

for example, is built on a 3,850mm wheelbase and stretches

6,165mm from end to end, 2,050mm from one side to the other

and 2,000mm from road to roof.

The bed length on the diesel dual cab is still 2,000mm long,

towing capacity is up around the 5,600kg mark (depending on

the variant and towing set-up), payload is just shy of one-tonne

and kerb weight 3,355kg.

At the top end of the Navara range, by comparison, the dual

cab diesel uses a 140kW/450Nm 2.3L four-cylinder engine

(with either six-speed manual or seven-speed automatic). It can

tow up to 3,500kg and, while exact figures vary depending on

spec, payload comes in just under 950kg and the kerb weight is

around 2t.

niSSan titan

mazda Australia has upgraded the infotainment

system in its BT-50 ute in a bid to keep interest

up in the ageing one-tonner as the Japanese

manufacturer prepares to switch from Ford to Isuzu for

partnership with its next-generation model, which is not due

for release here until around 2020.

This is the Ranger-based BT-50’s first update in a couple

of years and brings with it a new infotainment system that

Mazda has developed with the local arm of Alpine Electronics.

Fitted standard on higher-grade XTR and GT grades

– leaving the XT with only a basic infotainment system

– the upgrade brings a larger 8.0” high-resolution colour

touchscreen with integrated reversing camera and improved

satellite navigation that brings point-to-point four-wheel-drive

off-road navigation with 3D digital terrain.

Mazda says that for the first time in a BT, the infotainment

system has split screen capabilities, allowing both audio

and navigation content to be viewed at the same time. It

also displays air-conditioning and broader heating/cooling

information, while incoming mobile phone calls can now be

answered via controls on the steering wheel.

Passengers can watch pre-loaded TV shows or movies while

the vehicle is stationary via USB or HDMI cable (the ports for

which are now more accessible on the dashboard), as well

play MP3, WMA, AAC or FLAC audio and MP4 and MKV video

files. The HDMI input also replicates shows being watched

via streaming services (such as Netflix, Stan or Foxtel), or on

portable DVD players and tablets within the vehicle.

The system includes DAB+ digital radio – with four 50W

amplifiers – and also has standard live traffic updates through

the radio data system (RDA).

At the entry XT level, the BT is fitted standard with a 3.5”

monochrome screen and has the usual array of connectivity

ports and Bluetooth phone and audio capability, but no

reversing camera.

MaZDa Bt-50

8 6 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

LDv t60

Chinese brand LDV has launched

its first utility, the T60, in

Australia with an initial four-

variant diesel-engined 4x4 dual cab

range priced from $28,990 drive-away

for ABN holders.

As anticipated, Australian distributor

Ateco Automotive has packed in

loads of standard equipment, forged

partnerships with local accessory

outlets to enable tradespeople to tailor

the vehicle for their business and

is backing the one-tonne ute with a

5-year/130,000km warranty and 24/7

roadside assist over this period.

The T60 also comes with a 10-year

body perforation warranty.

At launch, the ute is sold in two trim

levels – the tradie-targeted Pro and

higher-spec Luxe – with the option of

manual or automatic transmission (both

six-speed, the auto adding $2,000)

for the single powertrain on offer: a

2.8L four-cylinder common-rail turbo-

diesel that produces 110kW of power at

3,400rpm and 360Nm of torque from

1,600-1,800rpm.

All have a 4x4 driveline with

selectable four-wheel drive and high-

and low-range gearing.

The chassis setup is conventional

body-on-frame with double wishbone

front suspension and a solid axle leaf-

sprung configuration at the rear, with

the Pro version tuned for ‘all day, every

day loaded and working’ requirements

while the Luxe settings are pitched

more toward the recreational market.

In something of a rarity in this

segment, disc brakes are used at both

the front and rear across the range – the

latter are 324mm solid discs with a

single-piston calliper, while a 300mm

twin-piston combination is used up front

– and braking performance is backed by

a variety of electronic aids including an

anti-lock system with electronic brake-

force distribution and brake assist.

All versions have a 3,000kg maximum

braked towing capacity, but the Pro

has the advantage in terms of payload

– 1,025kg for the manual and 995kg for

the auto, while the Lux manual/auto

come in at 875/815kg respectively. Kerb

weight ranges from 1,950kg to 2,060kg

depending on the variant.

What’s arguably most striking about

the T60 is the amount of standard

equipment included across the range,

with safety features – in addition to

those already mentioned – running to

six airbags (dual front, side and full-

length curtain), a blind spot monitor,

self-adjusting adaptive front lighting

system, automatic dusk-sensing LED

headlights (plus daytime running and

fog lights), electronic stability and

traction control, a separate vehicle

dynamic control system, ‘roll movement

intervention’, hill descent control, hill-

start assist, rear parking sensors, a

reversing camera and a tyre pressure

monitoring system.

Significantly, the T60 has also earned

a maximum five-star safety rating from

the Australasian New Car Assessment

Program (ANCAP) – and is the first

Chinese ute to ever reach this mark.

Ateco has confirmed more variants

are in the pipeline, including a 4x2

driveline, petrol engine and cab chassis

rear end. Other body styles such as

single and king cabs now look to be

further afield.

Autumn 2018 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs 8 7

renaULt kangOO MaXi DieSeL eDC

renault Australia has finally

got its hands on an automatic

transmission option for its

diesel-powered Kangoo van, priced from

$29,990 plus on-road costs.

As seen on petrol-powered versions of

the French brand’s updated compact van

introduced a year ago, the six-speed EDC

(for Efficient Dual Clutch) automated

gearbox is available as a $3,000 option

over the regular six-speed manual

transmission.

Whereas the petrol engine – an

84kW/190Nm 1.2L turbocharged four-

cylinder unit – is restricted to the short-

wheelbase (2,697mm) Kangoo Compact

body style, the diesel engine provides

extra muscle for the long-wheelbase

(3,081mm) Maxi variants in the form

of a 1.5L turbo-diesel producing 81kW

of power and 250Nm of torque with the

EDC – up 10Nm compared to the manual.

The five-seater diesel-powered

Maxi Crew (priced from $29,490) is not

available with the EDC.

The new transmission brings a

range of benefits including super-fast

shift times of just 290 milliseconds,

according to Renault, ‘creep control’

(which makes life easier in stop/start

traffic, pulling away gradually when the

brake pedal is released) and the ability

to shift gears manually.

Fuel economy is excellent, too, and

while unable to match the manual

diesel Maxi which returns 4.7L/100km

on the official combined cycle, the EDC

version is still a frugal little workhorse

at 5.4L/100km. The EDC adds 28kg in

weight compared with the manual.

Helping keep consumption down

is the standard fitment of a driver-

selectable ‘Eco’ mode on the diesel

engine, which when activated modifies

the management of the gearbox ECU

(electronic control unit) and enables

shifts at lower revs. The upshot,

Renault says, is a cut in fuel use by as

much as 10%.

All Kangoos come fitted standard

with a high level of safety equipment

including four airbags, electronic

stability and traction control, ABS

brakes with electronic brake-force

distribution and emergency brake

assist, and rear parking sensors. A

reversing camera is optional.

Other features onboard include air

conditioning, a trip computer, cruise

control (with speed limiter), electric

windows, remote central locking and

Bluetooth hands-free connectivity with

audio streaming.

The 800kg payload on the EDC diesel

Maxi Kangoo is down slightly on the

manual version (825kg) but the load

volume of 4.0m3 is the same – as is the

1,050kg braked towing capacity.

Accessed via glazed dual rear doors

(with 180° opening) and right- and

left-hand sliding doors, the cargo area

includes 14 tie-down points, tubular

driver protection bars, mid-height lining,

a rubber floor and lighting. It measures

1,862mm long, 1,218mm wide (between

the wheel arches) and 1,251mm high.

The Kangoo range is covered by a

3-year/200,000km factory warranty

with three years of roadside assistance

thrown in. Service intervals are annual

or every 30,000km, and covered by a

capped-price servicing plan that, for the

first three scheduled services, costs

$349 each.

8 8 ACrOss ThE Tr ADEs Autumn 2018

Volkswagen Group Australia has applied a technical

upgrade to its V6-powered Amarok utility range

for the 2018 model year which increases its braked

towing capacity by 500kg to 3.5t.

This now matches most of the German brand’s major

competitors in the one-tonne ute segment, although at the

moment it only applies to the three 4x4 dual cab variants

offered with the 165kW/550Nm 3.0L V6 turbo-diesel and

standard-fit eight-speed automatic transmission.

Four-cylinder versions and earlier versions of the Amarok

V6 remain at 3,000kg.

Volkswagen says the increased capacity comes as a result

of an engineering tweak to the Amarok’s rear step set-up, and

the availability of a 3.5t-rated genuine VW towbar.

Pricing is unchanged, with the Sportline V6 starting at

$55,490 plus on-road costs, the mid-series Highline positioned

$4,500 further upstream at $59,990 and, at the top end, the

Ultimate flagship starting from $67,990.

Faced with increasing competition from Mercedes with its

forthcoming X-Class and Ford with its Australian-developed

Ranger Raptor likewise due in 2018, VW has also signalled

its intention to remain a leader in the one-tonne utility power

stakes with a 190kW concept unveiled recently.

The Amarok Aventura Exclusive V6 show car emerged with

a number of unique high-end elements but the headline act

was, as VW described it, “a look at the future range-topping

3.0L TDI engine”.

The power output is up 25kW compared to the current

model – and on par with the maximum output in the X-Class.

No torque figure was provided, but VW did confirm that it was

higher than the current 550Nm – the peak torque figure that

Mercedes’ 3.0L V6 will offer at launch.

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